10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number 001-39208

Beam Therapeutics Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

Delaware	81-5238376
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
238 Main Street Cambridge, MA	02142
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (857) 327-8775

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	BEAM	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ☐ NO ☒

The number of shares of registrant’s common stock outstanding as of April 30, 2024 was 82,311,067.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Such forward-looking statements reflect, among other things:

•our current expectations and anticipated results of operations;

•our expectations regarding the initiation, timing, progress and results of our clinical trials, including our Phase 1/2 clinical trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of BEAM-101 for the treatment of sickle cell disease, which we refer to as our BEACON trial, our Phase 1/2 clinical trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of BEAM-201 for the treatment of relapsed, refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, and our anticipated trial to assess the safety and efficacy of BEAM-302 for the treatment of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency;

•our expectations regarding the initiation, timing, progress and results of our research and development programs and preclinical studies, including our expectations that we will submit a regulatory application for BEAM-301 in the first half of 2024;

•our ability to develop and maintain a sustainable portfolio of product candidates;

•our ability to develop life-long, curative, precision genetic medicines for patients through base editing;

•our ability to create a hub for partnering with other companies;

•our plans for preclinical studies for product candidates in our pipeline;

•our ability to advance any product candidates that we may develop and successfully complete any clinical trials or preclinical studies, including the manufacture of any such product candidates;

•our ability to pursue a broad suite of clinically validated delivery modalities;

•our expectations regarding our ability to generate additional novel lipid nanoparticles that we believe could accelerate novel nonviral delivery of gene editing or other nucleic acid payloads to tissues beyond the liver and our ability to expand the reach of our programs;

•the scope of protection we are able to establish and maintain for intellectual property rights covering our product candidates and technology;

•developments related to our competitors and our industry;

•the expected timing, progress and success of our collaborations with third parties, including any future payments we may receive under our collaboration and license agreements, and our ability to identify and enter into future license agreements and collaborations;

•developments related to base editing technologies;

•our ability to successfully develop our delivery modalities and obtain and maintain approval for our product candidates;

•our ability to successfully establish and maintain a commercial-scale current Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, manufacturing facility;

•regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries;

•our ability to attract and retain key scientific and management personnel;

•our expectations regarding the strategic and other potential benefits of our acquisition of any additional technologies;

•our ability to achieve the expected benefits of our portfolio prioritization and strategic restructuring and our estimates related to the costs and timing of implementing such initiatives;

•our estimates regarding the period over which we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements; and

•the impact on our business of macro-economic conditions, as well as the prevailing level of macro-economic, business, and operational uncertainty, including as a result of geopolitical events or other global or regional events.

All of these statements are subject to known and unknown important risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements, market trends, or industry results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Therefore, any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements and should be evaluated as such. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “anticipate,” “expect,” “suggest,” “plan,” “believe,” “intend,” “project,” “forecast,” “estimates,” “targets,” “projections,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “may,” “might,” “will,” and the negative thereof and similar words and expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and “Risk Factors Summary” and “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, or the 2023 Form 10-K. Unless legally required, we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking information to reflect actual results or changes in the factors affecting such forward-looking information.

When we use the terms “Beam,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we mean Beam Therapeutics Inc. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, unless the context indicates otherwise.

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I	Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	32
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	33
PART II	Other Information	34
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	34
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	34
Item 6.	Exhibits	35
Signatures		36

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Beam Therapeutics Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	287,848		$	435,895
Marketable securities		806,706			753,981
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		27,156			21,167
Total current assets		1,121,710			1,211,043
Property and equipment, net		120,922			124,960
Restricted cash		6,452			8,719
Operating lease right-of-use assets		109,023			112,846
Other assets		1,689			2,146
Total assets	$	1,359,796		$	1,459,714
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,790		$	1,617
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		86,437			111,664
Derivative liabilities		13,700			10,800
Current portion of deferred revenue		72,111			68,706
Current portion of lease liability		12,181			12,778
Total current liabilities		187,219			205,565
Long-term lease liability		155,939			159,911
Contingent consideration liabilities		2,856			2,723
Long-term portion of deferred revenue		99,573			109,888
Other liabilities		719			298
Total liabilities		446,306			478,385
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 7, License agreements and Note 8, Collaboration and license agreements)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized, and no shares issued or outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized, 82,280,827 and 81,632,496 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		823			816
Additional paid-in capital		2,202,146			2,169,798
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		(921	)		604
Accumulated deficit		(1,288,558	)		(1,189,889	)
Total stockholders’ equity		913,490			981,329
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,359,796		$	1,459,714

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

Beam Therapeutics Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
License and collaboration revenue	$	7,410		$	24,208
Operating expenses:
Research and development		84,818			99,646
General and administrative		26,724			23,490
Total operating expenses		111,542			123,136
Loss from operations		(104,132	)		(98,928	)
Other income (expense):
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(2,900	)		5,600
Change in fair value of non-controlling equity investments		(3,353	)		(12,797	)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities		(133	)		(296	)
Interest and other income (expense), net		11,849			9,961
Total other income (expense)		5,463			2,468
Net loss	$	(98,669	)	$	(96,460	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities		(1,525	)		1,665
Comprehensive loss	$	(100,194	)	$	(94,795	)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(1.21	)	$	(1.33	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		81,698,633			72,273,829

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

Beam Therapeutics Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Accumulated			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Income (Loss)			Deficit			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022		71,277,339	$	712	$	1,792,554		$	(2,430	)	$	(1,057,362	)	$	733,474
Purchase of common stock under ESPP		65,620		1		1,707			—			—			1,708
Issuance of common stock from At-the-Market offering, net of issuance costs of $0.2 million		2,431,770		24		93,786			—			—			93,810
Vesting of restricted common stock		284,858		3		(3	)		—			—			—
Stock-based compensation		—		—		23,917			—			—			23,917
Exercise of common stock options		375,805		4		3,388			—			—			3,392
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—		—		—			1,665			—			1,665
Net loss		—		—		—			—			(96,460	)		(96,460	)
Balance at March 31, 2023		74,435,392	$	744	$	1,915,349		$	(765	)	$	(1,153,822	)	$	761,506

3

Beam Therapeutics Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity - Continued

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Accumulated			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Income (Loss)			Deficit			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2023		81,632,496	$	816	$	2,169,798		$	604		$	(1,189,889	)	$	981,329
Purchase of common stock under ESPP		76,461		1		1,397			—			—			1,398
Vesting of restricted common stock		420,579		4		(4	)		—			—			—
Stock-based compensation		—		—		29,281			—			—			29,281
Exercise of common stock options		151,291		2		1,674			—			—			1,676
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—		—		—			(1,525	)		—			(1,525	)
Net loss		—		—		—			—			(98,669	)		(98,669	)
Balance at March 31, 2024		82,280,827	$	823	$	2,202,146		$	(921	)	$	(1,288,558	)	$	913,490

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Beam Therapeutics Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(98,669	)	$	(96,460	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		5,431			4,647
Amortization of investment discount (premiums)		(6,576	)		(6,932	)
Stock-based compensation expense		29,281			23,917
Change in operating lease right-of-use assets		2,361			2,354
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		2,900			(5,600	)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities		133			296
Change in fair value of non-controlling equity investments		3,353			12,797
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(5,532	)		(8,405	)
Accounts payable		1,285			(231	)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(24,275	)		(9,888	)
Operating lease liabilities		(3,108	)		(2,550	)
Deferred revenue		(6,910	)		(23,708	)
Other long-term liabilities		579			(52	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(99,747	)		(109,815	)
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(2,438	)		(6,017	)
Purchases of marketable securities		(195,241	)		(266,532	)
Maturities of marketable securities		144,215			298,000
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(53,464	)		25,451
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of commissions		—			93,981
Proceeds from issuances of stock under ESPP		1,398			1,708
Payment of equity offering costs		—			(62	)
Repayment of equipment financings		(177	)		(603	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		1,676			3,392
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		2,897			98,416
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(150,314	)		14,052
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash—beginning of period		444,614			245,521
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash—end of period	$	294,300		$	259,573

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

Beam Therapeutics Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Continued

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	14		$	62
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Property and equipment additions in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	358		$	10,675
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	$	(1,523	)	$	—
Equity issuance costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	—		$	109

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

Beam Therapeutics Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Nature of the business and basis of presentation

Organization

Beam Therapeutics Inc., which we refer to herein as the “Company” or “Beam,” is a biotechnology company committed to establishing the leading, fully integrated platform for precision genetic medicines. Beam’s vision is to provide life-long cures to patients suffering from genetic diseases. The Company was incorporated on January 25, 2017 as a Delaware corporation and began operations in July 2017. Its principal offices are in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Liquidity and capital resources

Since its inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its resources to building its base editing platform and advancing development of its portfolio of programs, establishing and protecting its intellectual property, conducting research and development activities, making arrangements to conduct manufacturing activities with contract manufacturing organizations, organizing and staffing the Company, establishing and maintaining internal manufacturing capabilities, conducting clinical trials, maintaining its facilities and new facility build-outs, business planning, raising capital and providing general and administrative support for these operations. The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties common to early-stage companies in the biotechnology industry including, but not limited to, technical risks associated with the successful research, development and manufacturing of product candidates, development by competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations and the ability to secure additional capital to fund operations. Current and future programs will require significant research and development efforts, including extensive preclinical and clinical testing and regulatory approval prior to commercialization. These efforts require significant amounts of additional capital, adequate personnel and infrastructure. Even if the Company’s product development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company will realize significant revenue from product sales.

In April 2021, the Company entered into an at the market, or ATM, sales agreement, or the Sales Agreement, with Jefferies LLC, or Jefferies, pursuant to which the Company was entitled to offer and sell, from time to time at prevailing market prices, shares of the Company’s common stock having aggregate gross proceeds of up to $300.0 million. The Company agreed to pay Jefferies a commission of up to 3.0% of the aggregate gross sale proceeds of any shares sold by Jefferies under the Sales Agreement. Between April 2021 and July 2021, the Company sold 2,908,009 shares of its common stock under the Sales Agreement at an average price of $103.16 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $300.0 million, before deducting commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company.

In July 2021 and May 2023, the Company and Jefferies entered into amendments to the Sales Agreement to provide for increases in the aggregate offering amount under the Sales Agreement, such that as of May 10, 2023, the Company may offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to an additional $800.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has sold 10,860,992 additional shares of its common stock under the amended Sales Agreement at an average price of $51.93 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $564.0 million, before deducting commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company.

Since its inception, the Company has incurred substantial losses and had an accumulated deficit of $1.3 billion as of March 31, 2024. The Company expects to generate operating losses and negative operating cash flows for the foreseeable future.

The Company expects that its cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as of March 31, 2024 of $1.1 billion will be sufficient to fund its operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these financial statements. The Company will need additional financing to support its continuing operations and pursue its growth strategy. Until such time as the Company can generate significant revenue from product sales, if ever, it expects to finance its operations through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements. The Company may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other agreements when needed on favorable terms or at all. The inability to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on the Company’s financial condition and its ability to pursue its business strategy. The Company will need to generate significant revenue to achieve profitability, and it may never do so.

7

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, and notes thereto, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on February 27, 2024, or the 2023 Form 10-K. Since the date of those financial statements, there have been no material changes to the Company's significant accounting policies.

Basis of presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, and Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of and during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience when available and on various factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, incremental borrowing rate used in the calculation of lease liabilities, research and development expenses, stock-based compensation, contingent consideration liabilities, success payments and certain judgments regarding revenue recognition. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Recently announced accounting pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280). The amendments in this update expand segment disclosure requirements, including new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment among other disclosure requirements. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The amendments in this update expand income tax disclosure requirements, including additional information pertaining to the rate reconciliation, income taxes paid, and other disclosures. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents consist of standard checking accounts, money market accounts, and all highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. Restricted cash represents collateral provided for letters of credit issued as security deposits in connection with the Company’s leases of its corporate and manufacturing facilities.

The following table reconciles cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets to the total of the amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	287,848	$	249,771
Restricted cash		6,452		9,802
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	294,300	$	259,573

8

3. Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Leasehold improvements	$	100,582		$	100,186
Lab equipment		67,133			61,674
Furniture and fixtures		4,836			4,836
Computer equipment		3,163			3,163
Construction in process		821			5,283
Total property and equipment		176,535			175,142
Less accumulated depreciation		(55,613	)		(50,182	)
Property and equipment, net	$	120,922		$	124,960

The following table summarizes depreciation expense incurred (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Depreciation expense	$	5,431	$	4,647

4. fair value of financial instruments

The Company’s financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of cash equivalents, marketable securities, corporate equity securities of Verve Therapeutics, Inc., or Verve, and Prime Medicine, Inc., or Prime, contingent consideration liabilities related to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated February 23, 2021, between Guide Therapeutics, Inc., or Guide, and the Company, or the Guide Merger Agreement, and success payment derivative liabilities pursuant to the license agreement, or the Harvard License Agreement, between President and Fellows of Harvard University, or Harvard, and the Company, and the license agreement, or the Broad License Agreement, between The Broad Institute, Inc., or Broad Institute, and the Company.

The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities by level within the fair value hierarchy at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	Carrying amount		Fair value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	287,666		287,666	$	287,666	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper		248,766		248,766		—		248,766		—
Corporate notes		57,114		57,114		—		57,114
U.S. Treasury securities		237,119		237,119		—		237,119		—
U.S. Government securities		245,185		245,185		—		245,185		—
Corporate equity securities		18,522		18,522		18,522		—		—
Total assets	$	1,094,372	$	1,094,372	$	306,188	$	788,184	$	—
Liabilities
Success payment liability – Harvard	$	6,700	$	6,700	$	—	$	—	$	6,700
Success payment liability – Broad Institute		7,000		7,000		—		—		7,000
Contingent consideration liability – Technology		1,438		1,438		—		—		1,438
Contingent consideration liability – Product		1,418		1,418		—		—		1,418
Total liabilities	$	16,556	$	16,556	$	—	$	—	$	16,556

9

The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities by level within the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Carrying amount		Fair value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	435,689		435,689	$	435,689	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper		285,289		285,289		—		285,289		—
Corporate notes		23,525		23,525		—		23,525		—
U.S. Treasury securities		152,147		152,147		—		152,147		—
U.S. Government securities		271,145		271,145		—		271,145		—
Corporate equity securities		21,875		21,875		21,875		—		—
Total assets	$	1,189,670	$	1,189,670	$	457,564	$	732,106	$	—
Liabilities
Success payment liability – Harvard	$	5,200	$	5,200	$	—	$	—	$	5,200
Success payment liability – Broad Institute		5,600		5,600		—		—		5,600
Contingent consideration liability – Technology		1,371		1,371		—		—		1,371
Contingent consideration liability – Product		1,352		1,352		—		—		1,352
Total liabilities	$	13,523	$	13,523	$	—	$	—	$	13,523

Cash equivalents – Money market funds included within cash equivalents are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices in active markets. Commercial paper and corporate notes are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies.

Marketable securities – Marketable securities, excluding corporate equity securities (held in Verve and Prime), are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined using models or other valuation methodologies.

The Company holds an investment in Verve consisting of shares of Verve’s common stock. As of March 31, 2024, the Company owned 546,970 shares of Verve's common stock valued at $7.3 million, which is included in marketable securities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Company also holds an investment in Prime consisting of 1,608,337 shares of Prime's common stock. As of March 31, 2024, the Company's investment in Prime's common stock was valued at $11.3 million, which is included in marketable securities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Pursuant to ASC 825, Financial instruments, the Company records changes in the fair value of its investments in equity securities to other income (expense), in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table summarizes other income (expense) recorded due to changes in the fair value of corporate equity securities held (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Other income (expense)	$	(3,353	)	$	(12,797	)

Success payment liabilities – As discussed further in Note 7, License agreements, the Company is required to make payments to Harvard and Broad Institute based upon the achievement of specified multiples of the market value of the Company's common stock, at specified valuation dates. The Company’s liability for the share-based success payments under the Harvard License Agreement and the Broad License Agreement is carried at fair value. To determine the estimated fair value of the success payment liability, the Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation methodology, which models the future movement of stock prices based on several key variables.

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The following variables were incorporated in the calculation of the estimated fair value of the Harvard and Broad Institute success payment liabilities:

	Harvard						Broad Institute
	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Fair value of common stock (per share)	$	33.04		$	27.22		$	33.04		$	27.22
Expected volatility		82	%		80	%		81	%		79	%
Expected term (years)	0.05-5.24			0.06-5.49			0.05-6.11			0.06-6.36

The computation of expected volatility was estimated using available information about the historical volatility of stocks of similar publicly traded companies in addition to the Company's own data for a period matching the expected term assumption. In addition, the Company incorporated the estimated number, timing, and probability of valuation measurement dates in the calculation of the success payment liability.

The following table reconciles the change in the fair value of success payment liabilities based on Level 3 inputs (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Harvard		Broad Institute		Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	5,200	$	5,600	$	10,800
Change in fair value		1,500		1,400		2,900
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	6,700	$	7,000	$	13,700

Contingent consideration liabilities – Under the Guide Merger Agreement, Guide’s former stockholders and optionholders are eligible to receive up to an additional $100.0 million in technology milestone payments and $220.0 million in product milestone payments, payable in the Company’s common stock valued using the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s stock over the ten-day trading period ending two trading days prior to the date on which the applicable milestone is achieved. As these milestones are payable with a variable number of shares of the Company’s common stock, the milestone payments result in liability classification under ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. These contingent consideration liabilities are carried at fair value which was estimated by applying a probability-based model, which utilized inputs based on timing of achievement that were unobservable in the market. These contingent consideration liabilities are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following table reconciles the change in fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities based on level 3 inputs (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Technology Milestones		Product Milestones		Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	1,371	$	1,352	$	2,723
Change in fair value		67		66		133
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	1,438	$	1,418	$	2,856

The following variables were incorporated in the calculation of the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities:

	Technology Milestones						Product Milestones
	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Discount Rate		10.00	%		10.00	%		10.00	%		10.00	%
Probability of Achievement	2-5%			2-5%			1-2%			1-2%
Projected Year of Achievement	2025			2025			2025-2031			2025-2031

5. Marketable securities

The following table summarizes the Company’s marketable securities held at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	248,931	$	53	$	(218	)	$	248,766
Corporate notes		57,238		4		(128	)		57,114
U.S. Treasury securities		237,513		33		(427	)		237,119
U.S. Government securities		245,423		55		(293	)		245,185
Corporate equity securities		18,522		—		—			18,522
Total	$	807,627	$	145	$	(1,066	)	$	806,706

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The following table summarizes the Company’s marketable securities held at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	285,054	$	250	$	(15	)	$	285,289
Corporate notes		23,462		63		—			23,525
U.S. Treasury securities		151,805		436		(94	)		152,147
U.S. Government securities		271,181		328		(364	)		271,145
Corporate equity securities		21,875		—		—			21,875
Total	$	753,377	$	1,077	$	(473	)	$	753,981

The amortized cost of marketable securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. At March 31, 2024, the balance in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income was related to marketable securities. There were no realized gains or losses recognized on the sale or maturity of marketable securities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 and, as a result, the Company did not reclassify any amounts out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for the same periods.

The Company holds debt securities of companies with high credit quality and has determined that there was no material change in the credit risk of any of its debt securities.

6. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued contingent obligation, refer to Note 7	$	42,292	$	43,280
Research costs		6,217		9,804
Employee compensation and related benefits		4,886		21,774
Professional fees		3,381		3,468
Process development and manufacturing costs		2,615		4,697
Other		27,046		28,641
Total	$	86,437	$	111,664

The Company received correspondence from a research institution regarding a confidentiality agreement between such institution and the Company. The confidentiality agreement related to certain technology that the Company evaluated for development in connection with certain of its programs. The correspondence alleged that the Company breached the terms of the confidentiality agreement, misappropriated trade secrets and other confidential information of such institution, engaged in unfair and deceptive trade practices, and was unjustly enriched in connection with developing its therapeutics, including BEAM-302. The research institution claimed that it is entitled to monetary damages (including damages for the apportioned value of the Company and enhanced damages for an alleged willful violation) and certain ongoing royalty and/or milestone payments related to the technology that is the subject of the alleged breaches of contract, among other possible remedies. No complaint has been filed, and the Company continues to discuss the matter with the research institution. As of March 31, 2024, no amount of loss is determinable and the Company had a liability accrued of $20.6 million included within Other in the table above for the minimum amount in the range of loss based on its settlement offer. The ultimate resolution of this matter could require a cash payment, ongoing royalty and/or milestone payments and result in a material charge in excess of the amount accrued as of March 31, 2024.

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7. License agreements

The Company has various license agreements related to technology used in its research and development activities. The license agreements may include up-front payments, option fees, ongoing maintenance fees, sublicense fees, royalty-based payments, milestone payments, success-based payments, and other payments. Option fees, when applicable, are recognized when exercised, maintenance fees, sublicense fees, and other payments are recorded as incurred based on the estimated amounts due or that will ultimately be paid. Contingent payments that are not required to be accounted for as a derivative are recognized as incurred. As the success-based payments due under the Company’s license arrangements are derivatives, the change in the fair value of the success-based payments are recognized in a separate line item in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss, as discussed further below.

The value attributable to sublicenses and the related sublicense fees due under the Company’s license agreements may require estimates and other judgments related to contractual requirements, which creates uncertainty over the ultimate amount that would be paid under these arrangements. Contractual amounts due are accrued and if a contingency exists related to the interpretation of the amounts due under the license agreement, the Company recognizes a liability for the amount that is probable and estimable. When no amount within the range of potential payments is a better estimate than any other amount, however, the minimum amount in the range is accrued. If some amount within a range of loss appears to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, that amount is accrued. The Company’s accrued liabilities for license fees includes estimates, including approximately $42.3 million of contingent obligations that may be due associated with payments received under the Lilly Agreement for which discussions are continuing related to the potential applicability to such payments of the terms of license agreements. As of March 31, 2024, management believes that it is remote that an adjustment to its estimated accrual would result in a material charge in excess of the amount accrued. The ultimate amount paid may differ materially from the estimated amounts.

Harvard license agreement

Under the Harvard License Agreement, Harvard is entitled to receive success payments, in cash or shares of Company stock, determined based upon the achievement of specified multiples of the initial weighted average value of the Company’s Series A Preferred at specified valuation dates. The success payments range from $5.0 million to a maximum of $105.0 million and have valuation multiples that range from 5 times to 40 times the initial weighted average value of the Series A Preferred. Subsequent to the Company’s February 2020 IPO, the amount of success payments is based on the market value of the Company's common stock.

The Company is required to make success payments to Harvard during a period of time, or the Harvard Success Payment Period, which has been determined to be the later of (1) the ninth anniversary of the Harvard License Agreement or (2) the earlier of (a) the twelfth anniversary of the Harvard License Agreement and (b) the third anniversary of the first date on which a licensed product receives regulatory approval in the United States. During the Harvard Success Payment Period, the Company will perform a calculation of any amounts owed to Harvard on each rolling 90-day period, commencing one year after the Company’s IPO.

In May 2021, the first success payment measurement occurred and amounts due to Harvard were calculated to be $15.0 million. The Company elected to make the payment in shares of the Company’s common stock and issued 174,825 shares of the Company’s common stock to settle this liability on June 10, 2021. The Company may owe Harvard success payments of up to an additional $90.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, no success payments were due to Harvard.

The following table summarizes the Company’s success payment liability for Harvard (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Harvard success payment liability	$	6,700	$	5,200

The following table summarizes the expense (income) resulting from the change in the fair value of the success payment liability for Harvard (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Change in fair value of Harvard success payment liability	$	1,500	$	(2,800	)

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Broad license agreement

Under the Broad License Agreement, Broad Institute is entitled to receive success payments, in cash or shares of Company common stock, determined based upon the achievement of specified multiples of the initial weighted average value of the Series A Preferred at specified valuation dates. The success payments range from $5.0 million to a maximum of $105.0 million and have valuation multiples that range from 5 times to 40 times the initial weighted average value of the Series A Preferred. Subsequent to the February 2020 IPO, the amount of success payments is based on the market value of the Company’s common stock.

The Company is required to make success payments to Broad Institute during a period of time, or the Broad Success Payment Period, which has been determined to be the earliest of (1) the twelfth anniversary of the Broad License Agreement or (2) the third anniversary of the first date on which a licensed product receives regulatory approval in the United States. During the Broad Success Payment Period, the Company will perform a calculation of any amounts owed to Broad Institute on each rolling 90-day period, commencing one year after the Company’s IPO.

In May 2021, the first success payment measurement occurred and amounts due to Broad Institute were calculated to be $15.0 million. The Company elected to make the payment in shares of the Company’s common stock and issued 174,825 shares of the Company’s common stock to settle this liability on June 10, 2021. The Company may owe Broad Institute success payments of up to an additional $90.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, no success payments were due to Broad Institute.

The following table summarizes the Company’s success payment liability for Broad Institute (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Broad Institute success payment liability	$	7,000	$	5,600

The following table summarizes the expense (income) resulting from the change in the fair value of the success payment liability for Broad Institute (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Change in fair value of Broad Institute success payment liability	$	1,400	$	(2,800	)

Editas license agreement

In May 2018, the Company entered into a license agreement, or the Editas License Agreement, with Editas Medicine, Inc., or Editas. Pursuant to the Editas License Agreement, Editas granted to the Company licenses and options to acquire licenses to certain intellectual property rights owned or controlled by Editas, for specified uses.

The annual maintenance fees under the Editas License Agreement are recorded as research and development expense. Annual patent costs are expensed as incurred. In addition, the Company is required to make certain development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments to Editas upon the achievement of specified milestones.

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8. Collaboration and license agreements

Eli Lilly and Company

In October 2023, the Company entered into a Transfer and Delegation Agreement, or the Lilly Agreement, with Eli Lilly and Company, or Lilly, pursuant to which Lilly acquired certain assets and other rights under the Company’s amended collaboration and license agreement with Verve, or the Verve Agreement, including the Company’s opt-in rights to co-develop and co-commercialize Verve’s base editing programs for cardiovascular disease (see discussion below related to the Verve Agreement). The Company granted Lilly an exclusive sublicense to the Verve technology originally licensed to the Company under the Verve Agreement. Lilly also acquired from the Company the right to receive any future milestone or royalty payments payable by Verve under the Verve Agreement and the rights and obligations to designate representatives and participate on the joint steering committee with Verve. The Company received a $200.0 million nonrefundable upfront payment and is eligible to receive up to $350.0 million in potential future development-stage payments upon the completion of certain clinical, regulatory and alliance events. If Lilly does not opt-in to co-develop and co-commercialize a licensed product, Lilly is obligated to pay the Company a percentage of any royalties received from Verve for sales of such product, subject to certain caps on a licensed product-by-licensed product basis.

For a period of six years from the effective date of the Lilly Agreement, Lilly has the right to request the Company to perform any critical research and development services, if Lilly reasonably determines that the Company is uniquely able to provide such services and other conditions are met, including that no other third parties can provide such services. The parties will negotiate an agreement governing the Company’s performance of such activity, if any, and the Company will be compensated for any services at approximately cost plus a margin. The Company has not been requested to perform any services and believes it is remote that the Company would be requested to provide any services.

In connection with the Lilly Agreement, the Company and Lilly entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement providing for the sale and issuance of 2,004,811 shares of the Company’s common stock to Lilly for an aggregate purchase price of $50.0 million.

The Company received the consideration under the Stock Purchase Agreement of $50.0 million in October 2023 and the upfront payment of $200.0 million in November 2023.

The Lilly Agreement and Stock Purchase Agreement were negotiated at the same time as a package and have been accounted for as one combined contract. The Company accounts for the component of the arrangement to transfer common stock to Lilly under ASC 505, Equity, and the revenue component under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606, as it includes a customer-vendor relationship as defined under ASC 606 and meets the criteria to be considered a contract. The Company first applied the guidance in ASC 505 to measure the fair value of the common stock issued and allocated the remaining consideration to the ASC 606 component of the arrangement.

The overall ASC 606 transaction price as of the inception of the contract was determined to be $216.4 million, which is comprised of the upfront payment of $200.0 million and the residual value of the proceeds received in excess of the fair value of the common stock sold to Lilly of $16.4 million. The fair value of the common stock issued to Lilly was $33.6 million, as determined by management with the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist. There is no variable consideration included in the transaction price at inception. The Company will re-evaluate the transaction price at each reporting period.

The Company concluded that the collaboration rights and licenses to intellectual property have the same pattern and timing of transfer and are transferred as of the effective date of the Lilly Agreement. Lilly’s right to request research and development services represents an optional purchase in the agreement that does not constitute a material right. All other items promised to Lilly are immaterial in the context of the agreement.

The Company recognized revenue for the performance obligation at a point-in-time in October 2023 as all requirements related to the performance obligation have been completed. Any consideration received related to Lilly’s optional purchase of the Company’s research and development services will be accounted for as a separate contract if and when the option is exercised in accordance with ASC 606. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized the full $216.4 million of revenue related to the Lilly Agreement. As of March 31, 2024, there was no deferred revenue related to the Lilly Agreement.

Orbital

In September 2022, the Company entered into a License and Research Collaboration Agreement, or the Orbital Agreement, with Orbital Therapeutics, Inc., or Orbital. Under the terms of the Orbital Agreement, the Company will collaborate with Orbital to advance nonviral delivery and ribonucleic acid, or RNA, technology by providing Orbital with certain proprietary materials, a non-exclusive research license to certain RNA technology and nonviral delivery technology controlled by the Company, and by performing research and development support services as outlined in a research plan. The Company also granted Orbital an exploitation license to certain RNA technology and nonviral delivery technology controlled by the Company. The exploitation license is exclusive in the fields of vaccines and certain protein therapeutics and nonexclusive in all other fields other than gene editing and conditioning. The collaboration is managed on an overall basis by a Joint Steering Committee, or JSC, comprised of an equal number of representatives from the Company and Orbital.

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In exchange for the licenses and services provided by the Company under the Orbital Agreement, the Company received a non-exclusive research license to certain RNA technology and nonviral delivery technology controlled by Orbital, and research and development support services as outlined in a research plan. Orbital also granted the Company an exploitation license to certain RNA technology and nonviral delivery technology controlled by Orbital. The exploitation license is exclusive in the fields of gene editing and conditioning and nonexclusive in all other fields other than vaccines and certain protein therapeutics. The Company also received 75 million shares of Orbital’s common stock at closing. The Company accounts for its investment in Orbital under the equity method of accounting.

The research plan has a term of three years and can be extended for unspecified periods upon mutual agreement between the Company and Orbital. The exploitation licenses are exclusive for an initial research term of three years, which may be extended for up to two successive one-year periods by mutual agreement between the Company and Orbital. Either party may terminate the licenses granted to it under the Orbital Agreement for convenience on a product-by-product basis at any time by providing 90 days’ prior written notice.

The Company accounts for the Orbital Agreement under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606, as it includes a customer-vendor relationship as defined under ASC 606 and meets the criteria to be considered a contract.

The overall transaction price as of the inception of the contract was determined to be $25.5 million, which represents the fair value of the Company’s equity interest in Orbital’s common stock at inception. There is no variable consideration included in the transaction price at inception.

The Company concluded that the research and exploitation licenses are not distinct from the other promises in the Orbital Agreement, and as such the Company has determined that the licenses combined with the research and development services, know-how transfers, committee participation and materials transfer represent a combined performance obligation. The Company recognizes revenue associated with the Orbital performance obligation over time as it is satisfied during the term of the Orbital Agreement, which is three years. The Company recognized $2.1 million of revenue during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. As of March 31, 2024, there was $8.5 million and $4.3 million of current and long-term deferred revenue, respectively, related to the Orbital Agreement.

Pfizer

In December 2021, the Company entered into a research collaboration agreement, or the Pfizer Agreement, with Pfizer Inc., or Pfizer, focused on the use of certain of the Company’s base editing technology to develop in vivo therapies for rare genetic diseases of the liver, muscle, and central nervous system. Under the terms of the Pfizer Agreement, the Company will conduct all research activities through development candidate selection for three base editing programs that target specific genes corresponding to specific diseases that are the subject of such programs. Pfizer will have exclusive rights to license each of the three programs at no additional cost, each an Opt-In Right, and will assume responsibility for subsequent development and commercialization. At the end of the Phase 1/2 clinical trials, the Company may elect to enter into a global co-development and co-commercialization agreement with Pfizer with respect to one program licensed under the collaboration for an option exercise fee equal to a percentage of the applicable development costs incurred by Pfizer, or the Participation Election. In the event the Company elects to exercise its Participation Election, upon the payment of its option exercise fee, Pfizer and the Company would share net profits as well as development and commercialization costs in a 65%/35% (Pfizer/Company) split for such program. The research collaboration is managed on an overall basis by a Joint Research Committee, or JRC, formed by an equal number of representatives from the Company and Pfizer.

At the inception of the Pfizer Agreement, the Company was entitled to receive a nonrefundable upfront payment of $300.0 million in consideration for the rights granted to Pfizer under the collaboration. Should Pfizer exercise its Opt-In Right for any of the three programs, the Company would be eligible to receive development, regulatory, and commercial milestones of up to $350.0 million per program, for potential total consideration of up to $1.35 billion, plus royalty payments on global net sales for each licensed program, if any. If Pfizer does not exercise its Opt-In Right for a program, the Company’s rights in such program revert to the Company and the Company will be required to pay Pfizer earn-out payments equal to a low single digit percentage of net sales earned on such program for a ten-year period, if any.

During the collaboration term, Pfizer has a one-time option to substitute a disease that is the subject of a specific program with one pre-defined substitute disease. The collaboration has an initial term of four years and may be extended for an additional year on a program-by-program basis. Pfizer may terminate the Pfizer Agreement for convenience on any or all of the programs by providing 90 days’ prior written notice.

The Company accounts for the Pfizer Agreement under ASC 606, as it includes a customer-vendor relationship as defined under ASC 606 and meets the criteria to be considered a contract.

The overall transaction price as of the inception of the contract was determined to be $300.0 million, which is comprised entirely of the nonrefundable upfront payment. There is no variable consideration included in the transaction price at inception as the future milestone payments are fully constrained and the Company is not required to estimate variable consideration for the royalty payments at contract inception. The Company re-evaluates the transaction price in each reporting period.

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The Company has concluded that the licenses to its base editing technology, including the exclusive development and commercialization rights, are not capable of being distinct from the other performance obligations, and as such the Company has determined that the licenses combined with the other research and development services represent performance obligations and no up-front revenue was recognized for the licenses.

The selling price of each performance obligation was determined based on the Company’s estimated standalone selling price, or the ESSP. The Company developed the ESSP for all of the performance obligations included in the Pfizer Agreement by determining the total estimated costs to fulfill each performance obligation identified with the objective of determining the price at which it would sell such an item if it were to be sold regularly on a standalone basis. The Company allocated the stand-alone selling price to the performance obligations based on the relative standalone selling price method.

The Company recognizes revenue for each performance obligation as it is satisfied during the term of the agreement using an input method. The Company allocated the transaction price of $300.0 million to each of the three performance obligations, which includes each of the three base editing programs combined with the research and development services, licenses, and exclusive development and commercialization rights. Revenue is recognized using an input method based on the actual costs incurred as a percentage of total estimated costs towards satisfying the performance obligation as this method provides the most faithful depiction of the entity’s performance in transferring control of the goods and services promised to Pfizer and represents the Company’s best estimate of the period of the obligation. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company reversed $0.6 million of previously recognized revenue due to a change in estimated total costs. The Company recognized $16.2 million of revenue related to the Pfizer Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2024, there was $46.1 million and $72.0 million of current and long-term deferred revenue, respectively, related to the Pfizer Agreement.

Apellis Pharmaceuticals

In June 2021, the Company entered into a research collaboration agreement, or the Apellis Agreement, with Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Apellis, focused on the use of certain of the Company’s base editing technology to discover new treatments for complement system-driven diseases. Under the terms of the Apellis Agreement, the Company will conduct preclinical research on six base editing programs that target specific genes within the complement system in various organs, including the eye, liver, and brain. Apellis has an exclusive option to license any or all of the six programs, or in each case, an Opt-In Right, and will assume responsibility for subsequent development. The Company may elect to enter into a 50-50 U.S. co-development and co-commercialization agreement with Apellis with respect to one program instead of a license. The collaboration is managed on an overall basis by an alliance steering committee formed by an equal number of representatives from the Company and Apellis.

As part of the collaboration, the Company received a total of $75.0 million in upfront and near-term milestones from Apellis, which was comprised of $50.0 million received upon signing and an additional $25.0 million payment on June 30, 2022, the one-year anniversary of the effective date of the Apellis Agreement, or the First Anniversary Payment. Following any exercise of an Opt-In Right for any of the six programs, the Company will be eligible to receive development, regulatory, and sales milestones from Apellis, as well as royalty payments on sales. The collaboration has an initial term of five years and may be extended up to two years on a per year and program-by-program basis. During the collaboration term, Apellis may, subject to certain limitations, substitute a specific complement gene and/or organ for any of the initial base editing programs. Apellis may terminate the Apellis Agreement for convenience on any or all of the programs by providing prior written notice.

The Company accounts for the Apellis Agreement under ASC 606 as it includes a customer-vendor relationship as defined under ASC 606 and meets the criteria to be considered a contract.

The overall transaction price as of the inception of the contract was determined to be $75.0 million, which is composed of the upfront payment of $50.0 million and the First Anniversary Payment of $25.0 million. The Company re-evaluates the transaction price in each reporting period.

The Company concluded that each of the six base editing programs combined with the research and development service, licenses, substitution rights and governance participation were material promises that were both capable of being distinct and were distinct within the context of the Apellis Agreement and represented separate performance obligations. The Company further concluded that the Opt-In Rights and option to extend the collaboration term did not grant Apellis a material right. The Company determined that the term of the contract is five years, as this is the period during which both parties have enforceable rights.

The selling price of each performance obligation was determined based on the Company’s ESSP. The Company developed the ESSP for all of the performance obligations included in the Apellis Agreement by determining the total estimated costs to fulfill each performance obligation identified with the objective of determining the price at which it would sell such an item if it were to be sold regularly on a standalone basis. The Company allocated the stand-alone selling price to the performance obligations based on the relative standalone selling price method.

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The Company recognizes revenue for each performance obligation as it is satisfied over the five-year term using an input method. The Company allocated the transaction price of $75.0 million to each of the six performance obligations, which includes each of the six base editing programs combined with the research and development service, licenses, substitution rights and governance participation, and is being recognized using an input method based on the actual costs incurred as a percentage of total estimated costs towards satisfying the performance obligation as this method provides the most faithful depiction of the entity’s performance in transferring control of the goods and services promised to Apellis and represents the Company’s best estimate of the period of the obligation. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $5.3 million and $5.4 million of revenue related to the Apellis Agreement, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, there is $17.6 million and $23.3 million of current and long-term deferred revenue, respectively, related to the Apellis Agreement.

Verve

In April 2019, the Company entered into the Verve Agreement to investigate gene editing strategies to modify genes associated with an increased risk of coronary diseases and in July 2022, the Company and Verve amended the Verve Agreement. Under the terms of the Verve Agreement, as amended, the Company granted Verve an exclusive license to certain base editor technology and improvements and Verve granted the Company a non-exclusive license under certain know-how and patents controlled by Verve, an interest in joint collaboration technology and a non-exclusive license under certain delivery technology. The Company retained the option, after the dosing of the final patient in a Phase 1 clinical trial of a licensed product, to participate in future development and commercialization, and share 35% of worldwide profits and losses, for any licensed product directed against one of the Verve program targets, and share 50% of U.S. profits and losses for any licensed product directed against the other two targets.

In October 2023, the Company entered into the Lilly Agreement, pursuant to which Lilly acquired certain assets and other rights under the Verve Agreement, including the Company’s opt-in rights to co-develop and co-commercialize Verve’s base editing programs for cardiovascular disease, which consist of programs targeting PCSK9, ANGPTL3 and an undisclosed liver-mediated, cardiovascular target. In addition, Lilly acquired the right to receive any future milestone or royalty payments payable to the Company under the Verve Agreement.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized all remaining license revenue related to the Verve Agreement and has no related deferred revenue as of March 31, 2024.

9. Common stock

In April 2021, the Company entered into the Sales Agreement with Jefferies, pursuant to which the Company was entitled to offer and sell, from time to time at prevailing market prices, shares of the Company’s common stock having aggregate gross proceeds of up to $300.0 million. The Company agreed to pay Jefferies a commission of up to 3.0% of the aggregate gross sale proceeds of any shares sold by Jefferies under the Sales Agreement. Between April 2021 and July 2021, the Company sold 2,908,009 shares of its common stock under the Sales Agreement at an average price of $103.16 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $300.0 million, before deducting commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company.

In July 2021 and May 2023, the Company and Jefferies entered into amendments to the Sales Agreement to provide for increases in the aggregate offering amount under the Sales Agreement, such that as of May 10, 2023, the Company may offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to an additional $800.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has sold 10,860,992 additional shares of its common stock under the amended Sales Agreement at an average price of $51.93 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $564.0 million, before deducting commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company.

10. Stock option and grant plan

2019 equity incentive plan

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 15,069,803 shares reserved including 1,696,880 shares available for future issuance, pursuant to the Beam Therapeutics Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan.

Stock-based compensation expense recorded as research and development and general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Research and development	$	17,645	$	14,222
General and administrative		11,636		9,695
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	29,281	$	23,917

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Stock options

The following table provides a summary of stock option activity under the Company’s equity award plans:

	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		8,276,033		$	42.59
Granted		1,947,300			24.67
Exercised		(151,291	)		11.07
Forfeited		(101,089	)		57.27
Outstanding at March 31, 2024		9,970,953			39.42
Exercisable as of March 31, 2024		5,083,695		$	39.42

The weighted-average grant date fair value per share of stock options granted in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $17.07. As of March 31, 2024, there was $128.2 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of approximately 2.6 years.

Restricted stock

The Company issues shares of restricted common stock, including both restricted stock units and restricted stock awards. Restricted common stock issued generally vests over a period of two to four years.

The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted stock activity:

	Shares			Weighted- average grant date fair value
Unvested as of December 31, 2023		2,927,152		$	40.89
Issued		957,150			33.04
Vested		(420,579	)		50.81
Forfeited		(61,753	)		43.11
Unvested as of March 31, 2024		3,401,970		$	37.41

At March 31, 2024, there was approximately $114.9 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock that is expected to vest. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of approximately 2.5 years.

2019 employee stock purchase plan

The Company issued 76,461 and 65,620 shares under the Beam Therapeutics Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 2,987,432 shares available for issuance under the ESPP.

Stock-based compensation recognized under the ESPP for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

11. Net loss per share

For periods in which the Company reports a net loss, potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as their effects would be anti-dilutive. Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share is the same. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:

	As of March 31,
	2024		2023
Unvested restricted stock		3,401,970		2,246,114
Outstanding options to purchase common stock		9,970,953		8,813,480
Total		13,372,923		11,059,594

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The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share of the Company (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(98,669	)	$	(96,460	)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		81,698,633			72,273,829
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(1.21	)	$	(1.33	)

12. Income taxes

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance on federal and state deferred tax assets since there is insufficient evidence that the deferred tax assets are more likely than not realizable. The Company did not have any tax provision or benefit in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

13. Related party transactions

Orbital

The Company has significant influence over, but does not control, Orbital through its noncontrolling representation on Orbital's board of directors and the Company’s equity interest in Orbital. The Company and Orbital are also parties to a collaboration and license agreement and have multiple common board members.

Founders

The Company made payments of $0.1 million to its three founder shareholders for scientific consulting and other expenses for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve important risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A. and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and in the “Risk Factors Summary” and Part I “Item 1A. Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, or the 2023 Form 10-K. Some of the numbers included herein have been rounded for the convenience of presentation.

Overview

We are a biotechnology company committed to establishing the leading, fully integrated platform for precision genetic medicines. Our vision is to provide life-long cures to patients suffering from serious diseases. To achieve this vision, we have assembled a platform that includes a suite of gene editing and delivery technologies as well as internal manufacturing capabilities.

Our suite of gene editing technologies is anchored by our proprietary base editing technology, which potentially enables a differentiated class of precision genetic medicines that target a single base in the genome without making a double-stranded break in the DNA. This approach uses a chemical reaction designed to create precise, predictable and efficient genetic outcomes at the targeted sequence. Our proprietary base editors have two principal components: (i) a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, or CRISPR, protein, bound to a guide RNA, that leverages the established DNA-targeting ability of CRISPR, but is modified to not cause a double-stranded break, and (ii) a base editing enzyme, such as a deaminase, which carries out the desired chemical modification of the target DNA base. We believe this design contributes to a more precise and efficient edit compared to traditional gene editing methods, with the potential to dramatically increase the impact of gene editing. We are also pursuing a suite of both delivery modalities, including both ex vivo and in vivo approaches, depending on tissue type. The elegance of the base editing approach, combined with a tissue specific delivery modality, provides the basis for a targeted, efficient, precise, and highly versatile gene editing system that is designed to be capable of gene correction, gene silencing or gene activation, gene modification, and/or multiplex editing of several genes simultaneously.

Our goal is to advance a broad, diversified portfolio of base editing programs against distinct, genetically validated editing targets, as well as an innovative, platform business model that will expand the reach of our programs to more patients. Overall, we are seeking to build the leading integrated platform for precision genetic medicine, which may have broad therapeutic applicability and the potential to transform the field of precision genetic medicines

Hematology

We are advancing hematology base editing programs in which hematopoietic stem cells, or HSCs, are collected from a patient, edited using electroporation, and then infused back into the patient following a myeloablative conditioning regimen, such as treatment with busulfan, the standard of care in HSC transplantation, or HSCT, today. Once reinfused, the HSCs begin repopulating a portion of the bone marrow in a process known as engraftment. The engrafted, edited HSCs give rise to progenitor cell types with the corrected gene sequences. We are deploying this ex vivo approach in our BEAM-101 and ESCAPE base editing programs.

We are pursuing a long-term, staged development strategy for our base editing approach to treat hematological diseases that consists of advancing our lead ex vivo program, BEAM-101, in Wave 1, improving patient conditioning regimens in Wave 2, and enabling in vivo base editing with delivery directly into HSCs of patients via lipid nanoparticles, or LNPs, in Wave 3. We believe this suite of technologies – base editing, improved conditioning and in vivo delivery for editing HSCs – can maximize the potential applicability of our sickle cell disease programs to patients as well as create a platform for the treatment of many other severe genetic blood disorders.

Wave 1: Ex Vivo Base Editing via Autologous Transplant with BEAM-101

We are using base editing to pursue the development of BEAM-101 for the treatment of sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia. BEAM-101 is a patient-specific, autologous HSC investigational therapy designed to offer a potentially best-in-class profile, incorporating base edits that are intended to mimic single nucleotide polymorphisms seen in individuals with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, or HbF. BEAM-101 aims to alleviate the effects of sickle cell disease or beta-thalassemia by increasing HbF, which is expected to increase functional hemoglobin production and, in the case of sickle cell disease, inhibit hemoglobin S, or HbS, polymerization.

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We are conducting a Phase 1/2 clinical trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of BEAM-101 for the treatment of sickle cell disease, which we refer to as our BEACON trial. The BEACON trial includes an initial “sentinel” cohort of three patients, treated one at a time to confirm successful engraftment, followed by dosing in up to a total of 45 patients. The clinical trial initially includes patients ages 18 to 35 with severe sickle cell disease who have received prior treatment with at least one disease-modifying agent with inadequate response or intolerance. Following mobilization, conditioning and treatment with BEAM-101, patients are assessed for safety and tolerability, with safety endpoints including neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Patients are also assessed for efficacy, with efficacy endpoints including the change from baseline in severe vaso-occlusive events, transfusion requirements, HbF levels, and quality of life assessments.

In May 2024, we announced that the three patients in the sentinel cohort of the BEACON trial have each been dosed and successfully achieved engraftment. Following engraftment of the third patient, we initiated the expansion phase of the trial. We believe that dosing of the first patient in the expansion cohort is imminent. We expect to report data on multiple patients treated with BEAM-101 in the second half of 2024.

Wave 2: Non-genotoxic Conditioning

In parallel with Wave 1 development, we also aim to improve the transplant conditioning regimen for patients undergoing HSCT, thereby reducing toxicity challenges associated with HSCT. Conditioning is a critical component necessary to prepare a patient’s body to receive the ex vivo edited cells that must engraft in the patient’s bone marrow in order to be effective. However, today’s conditioning regimens rely on nonspecific chemotherapy or radiation, which are associated with significant toxicities. As a potential alternative to genotoxic conditioning regimens in HSCT, we are advancing our ESCAPE program. ESCAPE aims to avoid toxicity challenges associated with currently available conditioning regimens for patients with sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia ahead of autologous HSCT, by combining antibody-based conditioning with multiplex gene edited HSCs. ESCAPE may also have applications in other diseases of the blood and immune system where HSCT could deliver potential benefits but has been limited by toxicities associated with current standard of care conditioning regimens. We anticipate initiating Phase 1-enabling preclinical studies for the ESCAPE sickle cell disease program in 2024.

Wave 3: In Vivo Base Editing via HSC-targeted LNPs

We are also exploring the potential for in vivo base editing programs for sickle cell disease, in which base editors would be delivered to the patient through an infusion of LNPs targeted to HSCs, eliminating the need for transplantation altogether. This approach could provide a more accessible option for patients, particularly in regions where ex vivo treatment is challenging. In preclinical studies, we achieved in vivo validation of our most potent HSC-directed LNP, demonstrating:

•durable, dose-dependent mRNA transfection in HSCs, resulting in fluorescent reporter expression in more than 40% of cells, maintained out to 16 weeks post-delivery;

•efficient transfection of human CD34+ cells in vitro; and

•efficient transfection of nearly 20% of CD34+ HSCs in humanized mice and non-human primates at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg.

Genetic Diseases

BEAM-302: In Vivo LNP liver-targeting for AATD

BEAM-302 is a liver-targeting LNP formulation of base editing reagents designed to offer a one-time treatment to correct the E342K point mutation (PiZZ genotype) predominantly responsible for the severe form of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, or AATD. AATD is an inherited genetic disorder that can cause early onset emphysema and liver disease. The most severe form of AATD arises when a patient has a point mutation in both copies of the SERPINA1 gene at amino acid 342 position (E342K, also known as the PiZ mutation or the “Z” allele). This point mutation causes Alpha-1 antitrypsin, or AAT, to misfold, accumulating inside liver cells rather than being secreted, resulting in very low levels (10%-15%) of circulating AAT. In addition to resulting in lower levels, the PiZ AAT protein variant is also less enzymatically effective compared to wildtype AAT protein. As a consequence, the lung is left unprotected from neutrophil elastase, resulting in progressive, destructive changes in the lung, such as emphysema, which can result in the need for lung transplants. The mutant AAT protein also accumulates in the liver, causing liver inflammation and cirrhosis, which can ultimately cause liver failure or cancer requiring patients to undergo a liver transplant. It is estimated that approximately 100,000 individuals in the United States have two copies of the Z allele. There are currently no curative treatments for patients with AATD.

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With the high efficiency and precision of our base editors, we aim to utilize our adenine base editors, or ABEs, to precisely correct the E342K point mutation and restore the production of functional AAT protein. In 2020, we demonstrated the ability of base editors to directly correct the mutation causing AATD, providing both in vitro and in vivo preclinical proof-of-concept for base editing to correct this disease. In March 2024, we announced the clearance of our clinical trial authorisation application, or CTA, for BEAM-302 for the treatment of AATD by the United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. Following CTA clearance, we began enrolling patients in a Phase 1/2 open label, dose escalation study of BEAM-302 at trial sites located in the United Kingdom. The trial will evaluate the safety, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of BEAM-302 initially in patients with AATD-associated lung disease. The study design includes a dose exploration portion followed by a dose expansion portion to identify the optimal dose to take forward in a pivotal study. We expect to initiate the Phase 1/2 trial of BEAM-302 in the first half of 2024.

BEAM-301: In Vivo LNP liver-targeting for GSD1a

BEAM-301 is a liver-targeting LNP formulation of base editing reagents designed to correct the R83C mutation, the most prevalent disease-causing mutation for, and the mutation which results in the most severe form of, glycogen storage disease 1a, or GSD1a. GSD1a is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the G6PC gene that disrupts a key enzyme, G6Pase, critical for maintaining glucose homeostasis. Inhibition of G6Pase activity results in low fasting blood glucose levels that can result in seizures and be fatal. Patients with this mutation typically require ongoing corn starch administration, without which they may enter into hypoglycemic shock within one to three hours.

Our approach to treating patients with GSD1a is to apply base editing via LNP delivery to repair the two most prevalent mutations that cause the disease, R83C and Q347X. It is estimated that these two point mutations account for 300 and 500 patients, respectively, in the United States.

In October 2023, we presented new preclinical data demonstrating the ability of BEAM-301 to directly correct the R83C mutation. These data showed that a single dose of BEAM-301 restored clinically meaningful endpoints in in vivo rodent disease models out to at least one year. In the first half of 2024, we plan to submit an investigational new drug, or IND, application to evaluate BEAM-301 for the treatment of GSD1a at a select number of trial sites in the United States.

Immunology/Oncology

BEAM-201: Universal CD7-targeting CAR-T cells

BEAM-201 is a development candidate comprised of T cells derived from healthy donors that are simultaneously edited at TRAC, CD7, CD52 and PDCD1 and then transduced with a lentivirus encoding for an anti-CD7 chimeric antigen receptor, or CAR, that is designed to create allogeneic CD7 targeting CAR-T cells, resistant to both fratricide and immunosuppression. We have dosed the first patient in a first-in-human Phase 1/2 clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BEAM-201 in patients with relapsed/refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, or T-ALL/T-LL. Key safety endpoints for the trial include treatment-emergent and treatment-related adverse events, and key efficacy endpoints include proportion of patients with complete or partial responses, proportion eligible for HSC transplant and proportion achieving minimal residual disease negative status. We are continuing enrollment in the Phase 1/2 clinical trial and expect to report an initial clinical dataset for BEAM-201 in the second half of 2024 and to seek potential partnership for this and other potential ex vivo CAR-T programs, including our ongoing research into creating next-generation allogeneic cell therapies with multiplex base editing.

Manufacturing

Due to the critical importance of high-quality manufacturing and control of production timing and know-how, we have established a 100,000 square foot manufacturing facility in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina intended to support a broad range of clinical programs. The facility, which initiated current Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP operations in late 2023, is designed to support manufacturing for our ex vivo cell therapy programs in hematology and in vivo non-viral delivery programs for liver and liver-mediated diseases, with the capability to scale-up to support potential commercial supply. For our initial clinical trials, we expect to rely primarily on our internal manufacturing capabilities, along with CMOs with relevant manufacturing experience in genetic medicines. We believe this investment will maximize the value of our portfolio and capabilities, the probability of technical success of our programs, and the speed at which we can provide potentially life-long cures to patients.

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Collaborations

We believe our collection of base editing, gene editing and delivery technologies has significant potential across a broad array of genetic diseases. To fully realize this potential, we have established and plan to continue to seek out innovative collaborations, licenses, and strategic alliances with pioneering companies and with leading academic and research institutions. Additionally, we have and intend to continue to pursue relationships that potentially allow us to accelerate our preclinical research and development efforts. We believe these relationships will allow us to aggressively pursue our vision of maximizing the potential of base editing to provide life-long cures for patients suffering from serious diseases.

Pfizer

In December 2021, we entered into a four-year research collaboration agreement with Pfizer Inc., or Pfizer, focused on in vivo base editing programs for three targets for rare genetic diseases of the liver, muscle and central nervous system. Under the terms of the agreement, we will conduct all research activities through development candidate selection for three pre-specified, undisclosed targets, which are not included in our existing programs. Pfizer may opt in to exclusive, worldwide licenses to each development candidate, after which it will be responsible for all development activities, as well as potential regulatory approvals and commercialization, for each such development candidate. We have a right to opt in, at the end of Phase 1/2 clinical trials, upon the payment of an option exercise fee, to a global co-development and co-commercialization agreement with respect to one program licensed under the collaboration pursuant to which we and Pfizer would share net profits as well as development and commercialization costs in a 35%/65% ratio (Beam/Pfizer).

Apellis Pharmaceuticals

In June 2021, we entered into a research collaboration agreement, or the Apellis Agreement, with Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Apellis, focused on the use of our base editing technology to discover new treatments for complement system-driven diseases. Under the terms of the Apellis Agreement, we will conduct preclinical research on six base editing programs that target specific genes within the complement system in various organs, including the eye, liver, and brain. Apellis has an exclusive option to license any or all of the six programs and will assume responsibility for subsequent development. We may elect to enter into a 50-50 U.S. co-development and co-commercialization agreement with Apellis with respect to one program licensed under the collaboration.

Verve Therapeutics and Eli Lilly and Company

In April 2019, we entered into a collaboration and license agreement, or the Verve Agreement, with Verve Therapeutics, Inc., or Verve, a company focused on gene editing for cardiovascular disease treatments, and in July 2022, we and Verve amended the Verve Agreement. Under the terms of the Verve Agreement, as amended, we granted Verve exclusive worldwide licenses under certain of our editing technologies for human therapeutic applications against a total of three liver-mediated, cardiovascular disease targets, including use of our base editing technology for each of these targets and use of certain of our gene editing technology for two of such targets. In exchange, we received shares of Verve common stock. In October 2023, we entered into a transfer and delegation agreement, or the Lilly Agreement, with Eli Lilly and Company, or Lilly, pursuant to which Lilly acquired certain assets and other rights under the Verve Agreement, including our opt-in rights to co-develop and co-commercialize each of Verve’s base editing programs for cardiovascular disease, which consist of programs targeting PCSK9, ANGPTL3 and an undisclosed liver-mediated, cardiovascular target. In addition, Lilly acquired the right to receive any future milestone or royalty payments payable to us under the Verve Agreement. Under the terms of the Lilly Agreement, we received a $200.0 million payment and are eligible to receive up to $350.0 million in potential future development-stage payments upon the completion of certain clinical, regulatory and alliance events. In October 2023, we also entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement, or the Purchase Agreement, with Lilly providing for the sale and issuance of 2,004,811 shares, of our common stock to Lilly at a price of $24.94 per share, which was equal to a 15% premium to the volume-weighted average share price of our common stock over the 30 trading days prior to the date of the Purchase Agreement, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $50 million. The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants of each party.

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Sana Biotechnology

In October 2021, we entered into an option and license agreement, or the Sana Agreement, with Sana Biotechnology, Inc., or Sana, pursuant to which we granted Sana non-exclusive research and development and commercial rights to our CRISPR Cas12b technology to perform nuclease editing for certain ex vivo engineered cell therapy programs. Under the terms of the Sana Agreement, licensed products include certain specified allogeneic T cell and stem cell-derived products directed at specified genetic targets, with certain limited rights for Sana to add and substitute such products and targets. The Sana Agreement excludes the grant of any Beam-controlled rights to perform base editing. In January 2023, Sana announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA cleared its IND application to initiate a first-in-human study of SC291, its CD19-targeted allogeneic CAR-T cell therapy, in patients with various B-cell malignancies. In November 2023, Sana announced that the FDA cleared its IND application to initiate a first-in-human trial of SC291, in patients with various B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases. In January 2024, Sana announced that the FDA cleared its IND application to initiate a first-in-human trial of SC262, its CD22-directed allogeneic CAR-T cell therapy, in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies. In connection with each of the foregoing events, Sana made immaterial milestone payments to us under the Sana Agreement.

Orbital Therapeutics

In September 2022, we entered into a license and research collaboration agreement, or the Orbital Agreement, with Orbital, pursuant to which each of us granted the other licenses to certain technology controlled during the three years after entry into the Orbital Agreement that are necessary or reasonably useful for the non-viral delivery or the design or manufacture of RNA for the prevention, treatment or diagnosis of human disease. Our license to Orbital is for all fields other than our exclusive field and also excludes the targets and substantially all of the indications that are the subject of our existing programs. Our exclusive field consists of all products and biologics that function in the process of gene editing or conditioning for use in cell transplantation, or that act in combination with any such products or biologics. Orbital’s license to us is for all fields other than Orbital’s exclusive field. Orbital’s exclusive field consists of products and biologics that function as vaccines and also of therapeutic proteins, other than therapeutic proteins (i) that use gene editing, (ii) for use in conditioning, (iii) for use in regenerative medicine, (iv) for use as a CAR immune therapy, including CAR-T, CAR-NK and CAR-macrophage compositions, (v) for use as a T-cell receptor therapy or (vi) that modulate certain immune responses. The licenses are exclusive in each party’s exclusive field for three years and non-exclusive in those fields thereafter. We and Orbital agreed that for a period of three years after entry into the Orbital Agreement, subject to limited exceptions, we would not research, develop and commercialize, or grant licenses to research, develop and commercialize, products or biologics within the other party’s exclusive field.

Critical accounting policies and significant judgments and estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our critical accounting policies are those policies which require the most significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements. We have determined that our most critical accounting policies are those relating to stock-based compensation, variable interest entities, fair value measurements, and leases. There have been no significant changes to our existing critical accounting policies and significant judgments and estimates discussed in the 2023 Form 10-K.

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Financial operations overview

General

We were founded in January 2017 and began operations in July 2017. Since our inception, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to building our base editing platform and advancing development of our portfolio of programs, establishing and protecting our intellectual property, conducting research and development activities, organizing and staffing our company, conducting clinical trials, business planning, raising capital and providing general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through the sales of our redeemable convertible preferred stock, proceeds from offerings of our common stock and payments received under collaboration and license agreements.

We are an early-stage company, and the majority of our programs are at a preclinical or early clinical stage of development. To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales and do not expect to generate revenue from the sale of products for the foreseeable future. Our revenue to date has been primarily derived from license and collaboration agreements with partners. Since inception we have incurred significant operating losses. Our net losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were $98.7 million and $96.5 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $1.3 billion. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses in connection with ongoing development activities related to our internal programs and collaborations as we continue our preclinical and clinical development of product candidates; advance additional product candidates toward clinical development; operate our cGMP facility in North Carolina; further develop our base editing platform; continue to make investments in delivery technology for our base editors; conduct research activities as we seek to discover and develop additional product candidates; maintain, expand, enforce, defend and protect our intellectual property portfolio; and continue to hire research and development, clinical, technical operations and commercial personnel. In addition, we expect to continue to incur the costs associated with operating as a public company.

As a result of these anticipated expenditures, we will need to raise additional capital to support our continuing operations and pursue our growth strategy. Until such time as we can generate significant revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operations through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, and licensing arrangements. We may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other agreements when needed on favorable terms or at all. Our inability to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy. We can give no assurance that we will be able to secure such additional sources of capital to support our operations, or, if such capital is available to us, that such additional capital will be sufficient to meet our needs for the short or long term.

Revenue Recognition

In April 2019, we entered into a collaboration and license agreement, or the Verve Agreement, with Verve Therapeutics, Inc., or Verve, a company focused on gene editing for cardiovascular disease treatments. In June 2021, we entered into a research collaboration agreement, or the Apellis Agreement, with Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Apellis, focused on the use of our base editing technology to discover new treatments for complement system-driven diseases. In October 2021, we entered into an option and license agreement, or the Sana Agreement, with Sana Biotechnology, Inc., or Sana, pursuant to which we granted Sana non-exclusive research and development and commercial rights to our CRISPR Cas12b technology to perform nuclease editing for certain ex vivo engineered cell therapy programs. In December 2021, we entered into a four-year research collaboration agreement, or the Pfizer Agreement, with Pfizer Inc., or Pfizer, focused on in vivo base editing programs for three targets for rare genetic diseases of the liver, muscle and central nervous system. In September 2022, we entered into a License and Research Collaboration Agreement, or the Orbital Agreement, with Orbital Therapeutics, Inc., or Orbital, a newly formed entity focused on advancing non-viral delivery and RNA technologies. In October 2023, we entered into a Transfer and Delegation Agreement, or the Lilly Agreement, with Eli Lilly and Company, or Lilly, pursuant to which Lilly acquired certain assets and other rights under the Verve Agreement, including our opt-in rights to co-develop and co-commercialize Verve’s base editing programs for cardiovascular disease.

We have not generated any revenue to date from product sales and do not expect to do so in the near future. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized $7.4 million and $24.2 million of license and collaboration revenue, respectively.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, which include:

•expenses incurred in connection with our clinical trials, including contract research organization costs and costs related to study preparation;

•the cost of manufacturing materials for use in our preclinical studies, IND-enabling studies and clinical trials;

•expenses incurred in connection with investments in delivery technology for our base editors;

•expenses incurred in connection with the discovery and preclinical development of our research programs, including under agreements with third parties, such as consultants, contractors and contract research organizations;

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•personnel-related expenses, including salaries, bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation for employees engaged in research and development functions;

•the cost to obtain licenses to intellectual property, such as those with Harvard University, or Harvard, The Broad Institute, Inc., or Broad Institute, Editas Medicine, Inc., or Editas, and Bio Palette Co., Ltd., or Bio Palette, and related future payments should certain success, development and regulatory milestones be achieved;

•expenses incurred in connection with the building of our base editing platform;

•expenses incurred in connection with regulatory filings;

•laboratory supplies and research materials; and

•facilities, depreciation and other expenses which include direct and allocated expenses.

Our external research and development expenses support our various preclinical and clinical programs. Our internal research and development expenses consist of employee-related expenses, facility-related expenses, and other indirect research and development expenses incurred in support of overall research and development. We expense research and development costs as incurred. Advance payments that we make for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses. The prepaid amounts are expensed as the benefits are consumed.

In the early phases of development, our research and development costs are often devoted to product platform and proof-of-concept preclinical studies that are not necessarily allocable to a specific target.

We expect that our research and development expenses will increase substantially as we advance our programs through their planned preclinical and clinical development.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other related costs, including stock-based compensation, for personnel in our executive, intellectual property, business development and administrative functions. General and administrative expenses also include legal fees relating to intellectual property and corporate matters, professional fees for accounting, auditing, tax and consulting services, insurance costs, travel, and direct and allocated facility related expenses and other operating costs.

We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future to support our increased research and development activities. We also expect to continue to incur costs associated with being a public company and maintaining controls over financial reporting, including costs of accounting, audit, legal, regulatory and tax-related services associated with maintaining compliance with Nasdaq and SEC requirements, director and officer insurance costs, and investor and public relations costs.

Other income and expenses

Other income and expenses consist of the following items:

•Change in fair value of derivative liabilities consists primarily of remeasurement gains or losses associated with changes in success payment liabilities associated with our license agreement with Harvard, dated as of June 27, 2017, as amended, or the Harvard License Agreement, and the license agreement with The Broad Institute, as amended, dated as of May 9, 2018, or the Broad License Agreement.

•Change in fair value of non-controlling equity investments consists of mark-to-market adjustments related to our investments in corporate equity securities.

•Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities consists of remeasurement of the fair value of the technology and product contingent consideration liabilities related to the acquisition of Guide Therapeutics, Inc., or Guide.

•Interest and other income (expense), consists primarily of interest income from our investments in fixed income securities as well as interest expense related to our equipment financings.

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Results of operations

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table summarizes our results of operations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023			Change
License and collaboration revenue	$	7,410		$	24,208		$	(16,798	)
Operating expenses:
Research and development		84,818			99,646			(14,828	)
General and administrative		26,724			23,490			3,234
Total operating expenses		111,542			123,136			(11,594	)
Loss from operations		(104,132	)		(98,928	)		(5,204	)
Other income (expense):
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(2,900	)		5,600			(8,500	)
Change in fair value of non-controlling equity investments		(3,353	)		(12,797	)		9,444
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities		(133	)		(296	)		163
Interest and other income (expense), net		11,849			9,961			1,888
Total other income (expense)		5,463			2,468			2,995
Net loss	$	(98,669	)	$	(96,460	)	$	(2,209	)

License and collaboration revenue

License and collaboration revenue was $7.4 million and $24.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decline in revenue of $16.8 million is due to the timing of research activities on our license and collaboration programs. License and collaboration revenue represents revenue recorded under each of the Pfizer, Apellis, Verve, and Orbital Agreements.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses were $84.8 million and $99.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		Change
External research and development expenses	$	24,718	$	40,886	$	(16,168	)
Employee related expenses		24,570		27,360		(2,790	)
Facility and IT related expenses		17,669		16,695		974
Stock-based compensation expense		17,645		14,221		3,424
Other expenses		216		484		(268	)
Total research and development expenses	$	84,818	$	99,646	$	(14,828	)

The decrease of $14.8 million was primarily due to the following:

•A $16.2 million decrease in external research and development expenses driven by a $10.8 million decrease in outsourced services, driven primarily by the strategic reprioritization of pipeline programs and fewer IND-enabling activities, partially offset by increased clinical activities for BEAM-101 and BEAM-302. Also contributing to the decrease in expenses is a decline of $5.4 million in lab supplies primarily driven by a decrease in research and development activities as well as a shift of programs from research into development;

•A decrease of $2.8 million of employee related expenses due to a reduction in the number of research and development employees from 429 at March 31, 2023 to 346 at March 31, 2024;

•A decrease in other expenses of $0.3 million, due primarily to changes in accrued contingent obligations associated with the Lilly Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2024;

•An increase of $1.0 million of facility and IT allocated costs, including depreciation. This increase was due to the expense allocated to research and development related to our leased facilities; and

•An increase of $3.4 million in stock-based compensation from additional stock options and restricted stock units granted to employees.

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General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses were $26.7 million and $23.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase of $3.2 million was primarily due to the following:

•An increase of $1.9 million in stock-based compensation from the issuance of equity awards to existing employees;

•An increase of $0.7 million of facility and IT allocated costs and $0.2 million of other costs; and

•An increase of $0.4 million in legal costs.

Change in fair value of derivative liabilities

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we recorded $2.9 million of expense and $5.6 million of other income, respectively, related to the change in fair value of success payment liabilities due to changes in the price of our common stock over the related periods. A portion of the success payment obligations were paid in June 2021; the remaining success payment obligations are still outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and will continue to be revalued at each reporting period.

Change in fair value of non-controlling equity investments

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we recorded $3.4 million and $12.8 million of other expense, respectively, as a result of changes in the fair value of our investment in Verve and Prime common stock.

Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we recorded $0.1 million and $0.3 million of other expense, respectively, related to the change in fair value of the Guide technology and product contingent consideration liabilities.

Interest and other income (expense), net

Interest and other income (expense), net was $11.8 million and $10.0 million of net income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The change was primarily due to increases in interest income driven by increased market rates.

Liquidity and capital resources

Since our inception in January 2017, we have not generated any revenue from product sales, have generated only limited revenue from our license and collaboration agreements, and have incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from our operations. We expect to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future as we advance the preclinical and clinical development of our product candidates.

In February 2024, we filed a universal automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, to register for sale an indeterminate amount of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and/or units in one or more offerings, which became effective upon filing with the SEC (File No. 333-277427).

In April 2021, we entered into an at the market, or ATM, sales agreement, or the Sales Agreement, with Jefferies LLC, or Jefferies, pursuant to which we were entitled to offer and sell, from time to time at prevailing market prices, shares of our common stock having aggregate gross proceeds of up to $300.0 million. We agreed to pay Jefferies a commission of up to 3.0% of the aggregate gross sale proceeds of any shares sold by Jefferies under the Sales Agreement. Between April 2021 and July 2021, we sold 2,908,009 shares of our common stock under the Sales Agreement at an average price of $103.16 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $300.0 million, before deducting commissions and offering expenses payable by us.

In July 2021 and May 2023, we and Jefferies entered into amendments to the Sales Agreement to provide for increases in the aggregate offering amount under the Sales Agreement, such that as of May 10, 2023, we may offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to an additional $800.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, we have sold 10,860,992 additional shares of our common stock under the amended Sales Agreement at an average price of $51.93 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $564.0 million, before deducting commissions and offering expenses payable by us.

In October 2023, we entered into the Lilly Agreement, pursuant to which Lilly acquired certain assets and other rights under the Verve Agreement, including our opt-in rights to co-develop and co-commercialize Verve’s base editing programs for cardiovascular disease. We received a $200.0 million upfront payment and are eligible to receive up to $350.0 million in potential future development-stage payments upon the completion of certain clinical, regulatory and alliance events. In connection with the Lilly Agreement, we and Lilly entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement providing for the sale and issuance of 2,004,811 shares of our common stock to Lilly for an aggregate purchase price of $50.0 million. We received the consideration under the Stock Purchase Agreement in October 2023 and the upfront payment in November 2023. We have accrued approximately $42.3 million of contingent obligations that may be due associated with payments received under the Lilly Agreement for which discussions are continuing related to the potential applicability to such payments of the terms of license agreements.

As of March 31, 2024, we had $1.1 billion in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities.

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We are required to make success payments to Harvard and Broad Institute based on increases in the per share fair market value of our common stock. The amounts due may be settled in cash or shares of our common stock, at our discretion. We may owe Harvard and Broad Institute future success payments of up to $90.0 million each.

We have not yet commercialized any of our product candidates, and we do not expect to generate revenue from the sale of our product candidates for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we may need to raise additional capital in order to continue to fund our research and development, including our planned preclinical studies and clinical trials, maintaining and operating our commercial-scale cGMP manufacturing facility, and new product development, as well as to fund our general operations. As necessary, we will seek to raise additional capital through various potential sources, such as equity and debt financings or through corporate collaboration and license agreements. We can give no assurances that we will be able to secure such additional sources of capital to support our operations, or, if such funds are available to us, that such additional financing will be sufficient to meet our needs.

Cash flows

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	(99,747	)	$	(109,815	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(53,464	)		25,451
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		2,897			98,416
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(150,314	)	$	14,052

Operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $99.7 million, consisting of our net loss of $98.7 million, decreases of accrued expenses and other liabilities of $24.3 million, a decrease in deferred revenue of $6.9 million, a decrease in operating lease liabilities totaling $3.1 million and increases of prepaid expenses and other current assets of $5.5 million. In addition, a noncash item, the amortization of investment premiums of $6.6 million, also contributed to net cash used in operating activities.

These uses of cash were partially offset by an increase in accounts payable of $1.3 million and an increase of other long-term liabilities of $0.6 million. In addition, we recorded noncash items consisting of stock-based compensation expense of $29.3 million, depreciation and amortization expense of $5.4 million, decreases in the fair value of non-controlling equity investments of $3.4 million, increases in the fair value of derivative liabilities of $2.9 million, changes in operating lease right-of-use, or ROU, assets of $2.4 million, and a $0.1 million increase in fair value of our contingent consideration liabilities.

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $109.8 million, consisting of our net loss of $96.5 million, a decrease in deferred revenue of $23.7 million, decreases in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $9.9 million, increases in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $8.4 million, and a decrease in operating lease liabilities totaling $2.6 million. In addition, we recorded noncash items consisting of amortization of investment premiums of $6.9 million and a decrease in the fair value of derivative liabilities of $5.6 million.

These uses of cash were partially offset by noncash items consisting of stock-based compensation expense of $23.9 million, decreases in the fair value of non-controlling equity investments of $12.8 million, depreciation and amortization expense of $4.6 million, changes in operating lease ROU assets of $2.4 million, and an increase in the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities of $0.3 million.

Investing activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash used in investing activities consisted of net purchases of marketable securities of $51.0 million and purchases of property and equipment of $2.4 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, cash provided by investing activities consisted of the net maturities of marketable securities of $31.5 million, offset in part by purchases of property and equipment of $6.0 million.

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 consisted of $1.7 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options and $1.4 million of proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, offset in part by repayments of equipment financing liabilities of $0.2 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 consisted of net proceeds from equity offerings of $94.0 million, $3.4 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options and $1.7 million of proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, offset in part by repayments of equipment financing liabilities of $0.6 million and payment of equity offering costs of $0.1 million.

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Funding requirements

We expect our operating expenses to remain primarily unchanged over the next twelve months as a result of our portfolio prioritization and strategic restructuring, as we expect increasing costs related to continued and expected clinical-stage development of our lead product candidates to be offset by decreases in costs related to our preclinical research and development.

Our future operating expenses depend on a number of factors, including the extent to which we undertake the following activities:

•advance clinical trials of our product candidates;

•continue our research programs and our preclinical development of product candidates from our research programs;

•seek to identify additional research programs and additional product candidates;

•initiate preclinical studies and clinical trials for additional product candidates we identify and develop;

•maintain, expand, enforce, defend, and protect our intellectual property portfolio and provide reimbursement of third-party expenses related to our patent portfolio;

•seek marketing approvals for any of our product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials;

•establish a sales, marketing, and distribution infrastructure to commercialize any medicines for which we may obtain marketing approval;

•further develop our base editing platform;

•continue to hire additional personnel including research and development, clinical and commercial personnel;

•add operational, financial, and management information systems and personnel, including personnel to support our product development;

•acquire or in-license products, intellectual property, medicines and technologies; and

•maintain and operate a commercial-scale cGMP manufacturing facility.

We expect that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at March 31, 2024 will enable us to fund our current and planned operating expenses and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be imprecise, and we may exhaust our available capital resources sooner that we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development our programs, we are unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenses associated with completing the research and development of our product candidates.

Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors including:

•the cost of continuing to build our base editing platform;

•the costs of acquiring licenses for the delivery modalities that will be used with our product candidates;

•the scope, progress, results, and costs of discovery, preclinical development, laboratory testing, manufacturing and clinical trials for the product candidates we may develop;

•the costs of preparing, filing, and prosecuting patent applications, maintaining and enforcing our intellectual property and proprietary rights, and defending intellectual property-related claims;

•the costs, timing, and outcome of regulatory review of the product candidates we develop;

•the costs of future activities, including product sales, medical affairs, marketing, manufacturing, distribution, coverage and reimbursement for any product candidates for which we receive regulatory approval;

•the success of our license agreements and our collaborations;

•our ability to establish and maintain additional collaborations on favorable terms, if at all;

•the achievement of milestones or occurrence of other developments that trigger payments under any collaboration agreements we are a party to or may become a party to;

•the payment of success liabilities to Harvard and Broad Institute pursuant to the respective terms of the Harvard License Agreement and the Broad Institute License Agreement, should we choose to pay in cash;

•the extent to which we acquire or in-license products, intellectual property, and technologies;

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•the actual savings or benefits we realize from our recent portfolio prioritization and strategic restructuring;

•the costs of operating and expanding our manufacturing capacity; and

•the impact on our business of macro-economic conditions, as well as the prevailing level of macro-economic, business, and operational uncertainty, including as a result of geopolitical events or other global or regional events.

A change in the outcome of any of these or other variables with respect to the development of any of our product candidates could significantly change the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. Further, our operating plans may change in the future, and we may need additional funds to meet operational needs and capital requirements associated with such operating plans.

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenues, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, and licensing arrangements. We do not have any committed external source of capital. We have historically relied on equity issuances to fund our capital needs and will likely rely on equity issuances in the future. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, or declaring dividends.

If we raise capital through additional collaborations, strategic alliances, or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs, or product candidates, or we may have to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional capital through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce, or terminate our product development or, if approved, future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves. We can give no assurance that we will be able to secure such additional sources of funds to support our operations, or, if such funds are available to us, that such additional funding will be sufficient to meet our needs.

Contractual obligations

We enter into contracts in the normal course of business with contract research organizations and other vendors to assist in the performance of our research and development activities and other services and products for operating purposes. These contracts generally provide for termination on notice, and therefore are cancelable contracts and not included in our calculations of contractual obligations and commitments.

We lease certain assets under noncancelable operating and finance leases. The leases relate primarily to office space and laboratory space in addition to equipment. As of March 31, 2024, aggregate future minimum commitments under these office and laboratory leases and equipment leases are $243.8 million, of which $18.1 million will be payable in 2024. These minimum lease payments exclude our share of the facility operating expenses, real-estate taxes and other costs that are reimbursable to the landlord under the leases.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no material changes to our contractual obligations and commitments described under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the 2023 Form 10-K.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. As of March 31, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $1.1 billion, which consisted of cash, money market funds, commercial paper and corporate and government securities. Our cash and cash equivalents are primarily maintained in accounts with multiple financial institutions in the United States. At times, we may maintain cash and cash equivalent balances in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. We do not believe that we are subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly because our investments are in short-term marketable securities. Due to the short-term duration of our investment portfolio and the low risk profile of our investments, we believe an immediate 10% change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair market value of our investment portfolio. We have the ability to hold our investments until maturity, and therefore, we would not expect our operating results or cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by the effect of a change in market interest rates on our investment portfolio.

We are not currently exposed to significant market risk related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates; however, we do contract with vendors that are located outside of the United States and may be subject to fluctuations in foreign currency rates. We may enter into additional contracts with vendors located outside of the United States in the future, which may increase our foreign currency exchange risk.

Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor and research, manufacturing and development costs. We believe that inflation has not had a material effect on our financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. However, our operations may be adversely affected by inflation in the future.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to a company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2024, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of such date are effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We continuously seek to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our internal controls. This results in refinements to processes throughout our company. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in the sections titled sections titled “Risk Factors Summary” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the 2023 Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risk factors disclosure in the 2023 Form 10-K is qualified by the information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The risks described in the 2023 Form 10–K are not our only risks. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibit	Form	File Number	Date of Filing	Exhibit Number	Filed Herewith
3.1	Fourth Amended Certificate of Incorporation of Beam Therapeutics Inc.	8-K	001-39208	02/11/2020	3.1
3.2	Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Beam Therapeutics Inc.	10-K	001-39208	02/28/2023	3.2
10.1	Amended and Restated Beam Therapeutics Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy					X
10.2+	Form of Addendum to Letter Agreement between Beam Therapeutics Inc. and each of its executive officers					X
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
32.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document					X
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document					X
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document					X
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document					X
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document					X
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document					X
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)					X

+ Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

35

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	BEAM THERAPEUTICS INC.
Date: May 7, 2024	By:	/s/ John Evans
		John Evans
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal executive officer)

Date: May 7, 2024	By:	/s/ Terry-Ann Burrell
		Terry-Ann Burrell
		Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal financial and accounting officer)

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EX-10.1

Exhibit 10.1

Beam Therapeutics Inc.

Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy

(as amended and restated as of April 1, 2024)

Effective as of the date set forth above, each individual who provides services to Beam Therapeutics Inc. (the “Company”) as a director, other than a director who is employed by the Company or a subsidiary (a “Non-Employee Director”), shall be entitled to receive the following amounts of compensation, subject to the limitations on annual Non-Employee Director compensation set forth in the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan:

Type of Compensation	Amount and Form of Payment
Annual cash fee	$45,000 ($75,000 for the chair of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) and $75,000 for the lead independent director)
Additional annual cash fee for members of the Audit Committee	$10,000 ($20,000 for the Audit Committee chair)
Additional annual cash fee for members of the Compensation Committee	$7,500 ($15,000 for the Compensation Committee chair)
Additional annual cash fee for members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee	$5,000 ($10,000 for the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee chair)
Additional annual cash fee for members of the Science and Technology Committee	$7,500 ($15,000 for the Compensation Committee chair)
Equity compensation	Each Non-Employee Director who is first elected or appointed to the Board shall, upon his or her initial election or appointment to the Board, be granted automatically and without the need for any further action by the Board (or compensation committee thereof), an option to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock (“Common Stock”) having a grant date fair value, determined in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 (or any successor provision) (“ASC Topic 718”), approximately equal to $770,000 (the “Initial Option”), such Initial Option to vest as to one-third of the shares subject to the Initial Option on the first anniversary of the grant date and in equal monthly installments as to the remainder of the shares for two years thereafter, subject to the Non-Employee Director’s continued service to the Board through each applicable vesting date.

Exhibit 10.1

On the date of each annual meeting of stockholders of the Company, each Non-Employee Director who is both serving on the Board immediately prior to and immediately following such annual meeting and who was not first elected or appointed to the Board during the calendar year of such annual meeting (including, for the avoidance of doubt, at the time of such annual meeting) shall be grantedautomatically and without the need for any further action by the Board (or compensation committee thereof), an option to purchase shares of Common Stock having a grant date fair value, determined in accordance with ASC Topic 718, approximately equal to $385,000 (the “Annual Option”), such Annual Option to vest in full on the earlier of either (i) the first anniversary of the grant date and (ii) immediately prior to the next annual meeting of stockholders of the Company that occurs following the grant date, subject to the Non-Employee Director’s continued service to the Board through the applicable vesting date.

Each option granted to any Non-Employee Director will have a per share exercise price equal to the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant, have a term of no more than ten (10) years and will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (or any successor plan).

All cash fees shall be payable in arrears on a quarterly basis or upon the earlier resignation or removal of the Non-Employee Director and shall be prorated for any calendar quarter of partial service, based on the number of calendar days the Non-Employee Director was a member of the Board.

In addition, Non-Employee Directors will be reimbursed by the Company for (i) reasonable travel and other expenses incurred in connection with the Non-Employee Director’s attendance at Board and committee meetings and (ii) reasonable expenses incurred related to continuing director education, in accordance with the Company’s policies as in effect from time to time.

The Board (or the compensation committee thereof) may amend this Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy at any time.

EX-10.2

Exhibit 10.2

 

[-]

RE: Addendum to Executive Letter Agreement

Dear [-],

This letter serves as an addendum to your Executive Letter Agreement, dated [-].

See Appendix A for details around the revisions to your severance provisions.

All other terms and conditions of your original letter of offer remain the same.

Sincerely,

[-]

Beam Therapeutics, Inc.

Acceptance:

I understand and accept the conditions of this addendum to the terms in the Executive Letter Agreement.

______________________________________________________________

[-] Date

Exhibit 10.2

 

Appendix A

Section 280G

a)Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, to the extent that any of the payments and benefits provided for under this Agreement or any other agreement or arrangement between the Company and you ( collectively, the "Payments") (i) constitute a "parachute payment" within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code and (ii) but for this paragraph, would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code, then the Payments shall be reduced to the extent necessary so that no portion of such Payments retained by you shall be subject to excise tax under Section 4999 of the Code; provided, however, such reduction shall only occur if after taking into account the applicable federal, state and local income taxes and the excise tax imposed by Section 4999, such reduction results in your receipt on an after-tax basis, of the greatest amount of benefits under this Agreement, notwithstanding that all or some portion of such benefits may be taxable under Section 4999 of the Code. In the event of a determination that such reduction is to take place, reduction shall occur in the following order: first, reduction of cash payments, which shall occur in reverse chronological order such that the cash payment owed on the latest date following the occurrence of the event triggering such excise tax will be the first cash payment to be reduced; second, cancellation of accelerated vesting of equity awards, which shall occur in the reverse order of the date of grant for such stock awards (i.e., the vesting of the most recently granted stock awards will be reduced first); and third, reduction of employee benefits, which shall occur in reverse chronological order such that the benefit owed on the latest date following the occurrence of the event triggering such excise tax will be the first benefit to be reduced. If two or more equity awards are granted on the same date, each award will be reduced on a prorata basis.

b)Unless you and the Company otherwise agree in writing, any determination required under this Section shall be made in writing by a nationally recognized independent public accounting or consulting firm (the "Accountants"), whose determination shall be conclusive and binding upon you and the Company for all purposes. For purposes of making the calculations required by this Section, the Accountants may make reasonable assumptions and approximations concerning applicable taxes and may rely in reasonable, good faith interpretations concerning the application of Sections 280G and 4999 of the Code. The Company and you shall furnish to the Accountants such information and documents as the Accountants may reasonably request in order to make a determination under this Section. The Company shall bear all costs the Accountants may reasonably incur in connection with any calculations contemplated by this Section.

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, John Evans, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Beam Therapeutics Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 7, 2024	By:	/s/ John Evans
		John Evans
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal executive officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Terry-Ann Burrell, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Beam Therapeutics Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 7, 2024	By:	/s/ Terry-Ann Burrell
		Terry-Ann Burrell
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal financial and accounting officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with this Quarterly Report of Beam Therapeutics Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 7, 2024	By:	/s/ John Evans
		John Evans
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal executive officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with this Quarterly Report of Beam Therapeutics Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 7, 2024	By:	/s/ Terry-Ann Burrell
		Terry-Ann Burrell
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal financial and accounting officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 30, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Trading Symbol	BEAM
Entity Registrant Name	Beam Therapeutics Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001745999
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Shell Company	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity File Number	001-39208
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	81-5238376
Entity Address, Address Line One	238 Main Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Cambridge
Entity Address, State or Province	MA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	02142
City Area Code	857
Local Phone Number	327-8775
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		82,311,067

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 287,848	$ 435,895
Marketable securities	806,706	753,981
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	27,156	21,167
Total current assets	1,121,710	1,211,043
Property and equipment, net	120,922	124,960
Restricted cash	6,452	8,719
Operating lease right-of-use assets	109,023	112,846
Other assets	1,689	2,146
Total assets	1,359,796	1,459,714
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,790	1,617
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	86,437	111,664
Derivative liabilities	13,700	10,800
Current portion of deferred revenue	72,111	68,706
Current portion of lease liability	12,181	12,778
Total current liabilities	187,219	205,565
Long-term lease liability	155,939	159,911
Contingent consideration liabilities	2,856	2,723
Long-term portion of deferred revenue	99,573	109,888
Other liabilities	719	298
Total liabilities	446,306	478,385
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 7, License agreements and Note 8, Collaboration and license agreements)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized, and no shares issued or outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized, 82,280,827 and 81,632,496 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2024, respectively	823	816
Additional paid-in capital	2,202,146	2,169,798
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(921)	604
Accumulated deficit	(1,288,558)	(1,189,889)
Total stockholders' equity	913,490	981,329
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 1,359,796	$ 1,459,714

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) (Unaudited) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par or stated value per share	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	25,000,000	25,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par or stated value per share	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	250,000,000	250,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	82,280,827	81,632,496
Common stock, shares outstanding	82,280,827	81,632,496

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
License and collaboration revenue	$ 7,410	$ 24,208
Revenue, Product and Service [Extensible List]	us-gaap:LicenseMember	us-gaap:LicenseMember
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$ 84,818	$ 99,646
General and administrative	26,724	23,490
Total operating expenses	111,542	123,136
Loss from operations	(104,132)	(98,928)
Other income (expense):
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities	(2,900)	5,600
Change in fair value of non-controlling equity investments	(3,353)	(12,797)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities	(133)	(296)
Interest and other income (expense), net	11,849	9,961
Total other income (expense)	5,463	2,468
Net loss	(98,669)	(96,460)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities	(1,525)	1,665
Comprehensive loss	$ (100,194)	$ (94,795)
Net loss per common share, basic	$ (1.21)	$ (1.33)
Net loss per common share, diluted	$ (1.21)	$ (1.33)
Weighted - average common shares outstanding, basic	81,698,633	72,273,829
Weighted - average common shares outstanding, diluted	81,698,633	72,273,829

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	ATM Offering	Common Stock	Common Stock ATM Offering	Additional Paid-in Capital	Additional Paid-in Capital ATM Offering	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 733,474		$ 712		$ 1,792,554		$ (2,430)	$ (1,057,362)
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2022			71,277,339
Purchase of common stock under ESPP	1,708		$ 1		1,707
Purchase of common stock under ESPP, Shares			65,620
Issuance of common stock from At-the-Market offering, net of issuance costs		$ 93,810		$ 24		$ 93,786
Issuance of common stock from At-the-Market offering, net of issuance costs, Shares				2,431,770
Vesting of restricted common stock			$ 3		(3)
Vesting of restricted common stock, Shares			284,858
Stock-based compensation	23,917				23,917
Exercise of common stock options	3,392		$ 4		3,388
Exercise of common stock options, Shares			375,805
Other comprehensive income (loss)	1,665						1,665
Net loss	(96,460)							(96,460)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	761,506		$ 744		1,915,349		(765)	(1,153,822)
Ending Balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2023			74,435,392
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	981,329		$ 816		2,169,798		604	(1,189,889)
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2023			81,632,496
Purchase of common stock under ESPP	1,398		$ 1		1,397
Purchase of common stock under ESPP, Shares			76,461
Vesting of restricted common stock			$ 4		(4)
Vesting of restricted common stock, Shares			420,579
Stock-based compensation	29,281				29,281
Exercise of common stock options	$ 1,676		$ 2		1,674
Exercise of common stock options, Shares	151,291		151,291
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$ (1,525)						(1,525)
Net loss	(98,669)							(98,669)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 913,490		$ 823		$ 2,202,146		$ (921)	$ (1,288,558)
Ending Balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2024			82,280,827

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
ATM Offering
Stock issuance costs	$ 0.2

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (98,669)	$ (96,460)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	5,431	4,647
Amortization of investment discount (premiums)	(6,576)	(6,932)
Stock-based compensation expense	29,281	23,917
Change in operating lease right-of-use assets	2,361	2,354
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities	2,900	(5,600)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities	133	296
Change in fair value of non-controlling equity investments	3,353	12,797
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(5,532)	(8,405)
Accounts payable	1,285	(231)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(24,275)	(9,888)
Operating lease liabilities	(3,108)	(2,550)
Deferred revenue	(6,910)	(23,708)
Other long-term liabilities	579	(52)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(99,747)	(109,815)
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(2,438)	(6,017)
Purchases of marketable securities	(195,241)	(266,532)
Maturities of marketable securities	144,215	298,000
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(53,464)	25,451
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of commissions		93,981
Proceeds from issuances of stock under ESPP	1,398	1,708
Payment of equity offering costs		(62)
Repayment of equipment financings	(177)	(603)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	1,676	3,392
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	2,897	98,416
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(150,314)	14,052
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash—beginning of period	444,614	245,521
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash—end of period	294,300	259,573
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	14	62
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Property and equipment additions in accounts payable and accrued expenses	358	10,675
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	$ (1,523)
Equity issuance costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses		$ 109

XML

Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation

1. Nature of the business and basis of presentation

Organization

Beam Therapeutics Inc., which we refer to herein as the “Company” or “Beam,” is a biotechnology company committed to establishing the leading, fully integrated platform for precision genetic medicines. Beam’s vision is to provide life-long cures to patients suffering from genetic diseases. The Company was incorporated on January 25, 2017 as a Delaware corporation and began operations in July 2017. Its principal offices are in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Liquidity and capital resources

Since its inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its resources to building its base editing platform and advancing development of its portfolio of programs, establishing and protecting its intellectual property, conducting research and development activities, making arrangements to conduct manufacturing activities with contract manufacturing organizations, organizing and staffing the Company, establishing and maintaining internal manufacturing capabilities, conducting clinical trials, maintaining its facilities and new facility build-outs, business planning, raising capital and providing general and administrative support for these operations. The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties common to early-stage companies in the biotechnology industry including, but not limited to, technical risks associated with the successful research, development and manufacturing of product candidates, development by competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations and the ability to secure additional capital to fund operations. Current and future programs will require significant research and development efforts, including extensive preclinical and clinical testing and regulatory approval prior to commercialization. These efforts require significant amounts of additional capital, adequate personnel and infrastructure. Even if the Company’s product development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company will realize significant revenue from product sales.

In April 2021, the Company entered into an at the market, or ATM, sales agreement, or the Sales Agreement, with Jefferies LLC, or Jefferies, pursuant to which the Company was entitled to offer and sell, from time to time at prevailing market prices, shares of the Company’s common stock having aggregate gross proceeds of up to $300.0 million. The Company agreed to pay Jefferies a commission of up to 3.0% of the aggregate gross sale proceeds of any shares sold by Jefferies under the Sales Agreement. Between April 2021 and July 2021, the Company sold 2,908,009 shares of its common stock under the Sales Agreement at an average price of $103.16 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $300.0 million, before deducting commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company.

In July 2021 and May 2023, the Company and Jefferies entered into amendments to the Sales Agreement to provide for increases in the aggregate offering amount under the Sales Agreement, such that as of May 10, 2023, the Company may offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to an additional $800.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has sold 10,860,992 additional shares of its common stock under the amended Sales Agreement at an average price of $51.93 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $564.0 million, before deducting commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company.

Since its inception, the Company has incurred substantial losses and had an accumulated deficit of $1.3 billion as of March 31, 2024. The Company expects to generate operating losses and negative operating cash flows for the foreseeable future.

The Company expects that its cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as of March 31, 2024 of $1.1 billion will be sufficient to fund its operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these financial statements. The Company will need additional financing to support its continuing operations and pursue its growth strategy. Until such time as the Company can generate significant revenue from product sales, if ever, it expects to finance its operations through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements. The Company may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other agreements when needed on favorable terms or at all. The inability to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on the Company’s financial condition and its ability to pursue its business strategy. The Company will need to generate significant revenue to achieve profitability, and it may never do so.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, and notes thereto, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on February 27, 2024, or the 2023 Form 10-K. Since the date of those financial statements, there have been no material changes to the Company's significant accounting policies.

Basis of presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, and Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of and during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience when available and on various factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, incremental borrowing rate used in the calculation of lease liabilities, research and development expenses, stock-based compensation, contingent consideration liabilities, success payments and certain judgments regarding revenue recognition. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Recently announced accounting pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280). The amendments in this update expand segment disclosure requirements, including new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment among other disclosure requirements. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The amendments in this update expand income tax disclosure requirements, including additional information pertaining to the rate reconciliation, income taxes paid, and other disclosures. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents consist of standard checking accounts, money market accounts, and all highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. Restricted cash represents collateral provided for letters of credit issued as security deposits in connection with the Company’s leases of its corporate and manufacturing facilities.

The following table reconciles cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets to the total of the amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	287,848	$	249,771
Restricted cash		6,452		9,802
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	294,300	$	259,573

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Property and Equipment, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, Net

3. Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Leasehold improvements	$	100,582		$	100,186
Lab equipment		67,133			61,674
Furniture and fixtures		4,836			4,836
Computer equipment		3,163			3,163
Construction in process		821			5,283
Total property and equipment		176,535			175,142
Less accumulated depreciation		(55,613	)		(50,182	)
Property and equipment, net	$	120,922		$	124,960

The following table summarizes depreciation expense incurred (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Depreciation expense	$	5,431	$	4,647

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

4. fair value of financial instruments

The Company’s financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of cash equivalents, marketable securities, corporate equity securities of Verve Therapeutics, Inc., or Verve, and Prime Medicine, Inc., or Prime, contingent consideration liabilities related to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated February 23, 2021, between Guide Therapeutics, Inc., or Guide, and the Company, or the Guide Merger Agreement, and success payment derivative liabilities pursuant to the license agreement, or the Harvard License Agreement, between President and Fellows of Harvard University, or Harvard, and the Company, and the license agreement, or the Broad License Agreement, between The Broad Institute, Inc., or Broad Institute, and the Company.

The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities by level within the fair value hierarchy at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	Carrying amount		Fair value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	287,666		287,666	$	287,666	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper		248,766		248,766		—		248,766		—
Corporate notes		57,114		57,114		—		57,114
U.S. Treasury securities		237,119		237,119		—		237,119		—
U.S. Government securities		245,185		245,185		—		245,185		—
Corporate equity securities		18,522		18,522		18,522		—		—
Total assets	$	1,094,372	$	1,094,372	$	306,188	$	788,184	$	—
Liabilities
Success payment liability – Harvard	$	6,700	$	6,700	$	—	$	—	$	6,700
Success payment liability – Broad Institute		7,000		7,000		—		—		7,000
Contingent consideration liability – Technology		1,438		1,438		—		—		1,438
Contingent consideration liability – Product		1,418		1,418		—		—		1,418
Total liabilities	$	16,556	$	16,556	$	—	$	—	$	16,556

The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities by level within the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Carrying amount		Fair value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	435,689		435,689	$	435,689	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper		285,289		285,289		—		285,289		—
Corporate notes		23,525		23,525		—		23,525		—
U.S. Treasury securities		152,147		152,147		—		152,147		—
U.S. Government securities		271,145		271,145		—		271,145		—
Corporate equity securities		21,875		21,875		21,875		—		—
Total assets	$	1,189,670	$	1,189,670	$	457,564	$	732,106	$	—
Liabilities
Success payment liability – Harvard	$	5,200	$	5,200	$	—	$	—	$	5,200
Success payment liability – Broad Institute		5,600		5,600		—		—		5,600
Contingent consideration liability – Technology		1,371		1,371		—		—		1,371
Contingent consideration liability – Product		1,352		1,352		—		—		1,352
Total liabilities	$	13,523	$	13,523	$	—	$	—	$	13,523

Cash equivalents – Money market funds included within cash equivalents are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices in active markets. Commercial paper and corporate notes are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies.

Marketable securities – Marketable securities, excluding corporate equity securities (held in Verve and Prime), are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined using models or other valuation methodologies.

The Company holds an investment in Verve consisting of shares of Verve’s common stock. As of March 31, 2024, the Company owned 546,970 shares of Verve's common stock valued at $7.3 million, which is included in marketable securities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Company also holds an investment in Prime consisting of 1,608,337 shares of Prime's common stock. As of March 31, 2024, the Company's investment in Prime's common stock was valued at $11.3 million, which is included in marketable securities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Pursuant to ASC 825, Financial instruments, the Company records changes in the fair value of its investments in equity securities to other income (expense), in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table summarizes other income (expense) recorded due to changes in the fair value of corporate equity securities held (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Other income (expense)	$	(3,353	)	$	(12,797	)

Success payment liabilities – As discussed further in Note 7, License agreements, the Company is required to make payments to Harvard and Broad Institute based upon the achievement of specified multiples of the market value of the Company's common stock, at specified valuation dates. The Company’s liability for the share-based success payments under the Harvard License Agreement and the Broad License Agreement is carried at fair value. To determine the estimated fair value of the success payment liability, the Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation methodology, which models the future movement of stock prices based on several key variables.

The following variables were incorporated in the calculation of the estimated fair value of the Harvard and Broad Institute success payment liabilities:

	Harvard						Broad Institute
	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Fair value of common stock (per share)	$	33.04		$	27.22		$	33.04		$	27.22
Expected volatility		82	%		80	%		81	%		79	%
Expected term (years)	0.05-5.24			0.06-5.49			0.05-6.11			0.06-6.36

The computation of expected volatility was estimated using available information about the historical volatility of stocks of similar publicly traded companies in addition to the Company's own data for a period matching the expected term assumption. In addition, the Company incorporated the estimated number, timing, and probability of valuation measurement dates in the calculation of the success payment liability.

The following table reconciles the change in the fair value of success payment liabilities based on Level 3 inputs (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Harvard		Broad Institute		Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	5,200	$	5,600	$	10,800
Change in fair value		1,500		1,400		2,900
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	6,700	$	7,000	$	13,700

Contingent consideration liabilities – Under the Guide Merger Agreement, Guide’s former stockholders and optionholders are eligible to receive up to an additional $100.0 million in technology milestone payments and $220.0 million in product milestone payments, payable in the Company’s common stock valued using the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s stock over the ten-day trading period ending two trading days prior to the date on which the applicable milestone is achieved. As these milestones are payable with a variable number of shares of the Company’s common stock, the milestone payments result in liability classification under ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. These contingent consideration liabilities are carried at fair value which was estimated by applying a probability-based model, which utilized inputs based on timing of achievement that were unobservable in the market. These contingent consideration liabilities are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following table reconciles the change in fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities based on level 3 inputs (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Technology Milestones		Product Milestones		Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	1,371	$	1,352	$	2,723
Change in fair value		67		66		133
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	1,438	$	1,418	$	2,856

The following variables were incorporated in the calculation of the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities:

	Technology Milestones						Product Milestones
	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Discount Rate		10.00	%		10.00	%		10.00	%		10.00	%
Probability of Achievement	2-5%			2-5%			1-2%			1-2%
Projected Year of Achievement	2025			2025			2025-2031			2025-2031

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Marketable Securities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Marketable Securities

5. Marketable securities

The following table summarizes the Company’s marketable securities held at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	248,931	$	53	$	(218	)	$	248,766
Corporate notes		57,238		4		(128	)		57,114
U.S. Treasury securities		237,513		33		(427	)		237,119
U.S. Government securities		245,423		55		(293	)		245,185
Corporate equity securities		18,522		—		—			18,522
Total	$	807,627	$	145	$	(1,066	)	$	806,706

The following table summarizes the Company’s marketable securities held at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	285,054	$	250	$	(15	)	$	285,289
Corporate notes		23,462		63		—			23,525
U.S. Treasury securities		151,805		436		(94	)		152,147
U.S. Government securities		271,181		328		(364	)		271,145
Corporate equity securities		21,875		—		—			21,875
Total	$	753,377	$	1,077	$	(473	)	$	753,981

The amortized cost of marketable securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. At March 31, 2024, the balance in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income was related to marketable securities. There were no realized gains or losses recognized on the sale or maturity of marketable securities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 and, as a result, the Company did not reclassify any amounts out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for the same periods.

The Company holds debt securities of companies with high credit quality and has determined that there was no material change in the credit risk of any of its debt securities.

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

6. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued contingent obligation, refer to Note 7	$	42,292	$	43,280
Research costs		6,217		9,804
Employee compensation and related benefits		4,886		21,774
Professional fees		3,381		3,468
Process development and manufacturing costs		2,615		4,697
Other		27,046		28,641
Total	$	86,437	$	111,664

The Company received correspondence from a research institution regarding a confidentiality agreement between such institution and the Company. The confidentiality agreement related to certain technology that the Company evaluated for development in connection with certain of its programs. The correspondence alleged that the Company breached the terms of the confidentiality agreement, misappropriated trade secrets and other confidential information of such institution, engaged in unfair and deceptive trade practices, and was unjustly enriched in connection with developing its therapeutics, including BEAM-302. The research institution claimed that it is entitled to monetary damages (including damages for the apportioned value of the Company and enhanced damages for an alleged willful violation) and certain ongoing royalty and/or milestone payments related to the technology that is the subject of the alleged breaches of contract, among other possible remedies. No complaint has been filed, and the Company continues to discuss the matter with the research institution. As of March 31, 2024, no amount of loss is determinable and the Company had a liability accrued of $20.6 million included within Other in the table above for the minimum amount in the range of loss based on its settlement offer. The ultimate resolution of this matter could require a cash payment, ongoing royalty and/or milestone payments and result in a material charge in excess of the amount accrued as of March 31, 2024.

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License Agreements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

License Agreements

7. License agreements

The Company has various license agreements related to technology used in its research and development activities. The license agreements may include up-front payments, option fees, ongoing maintenance fees, sublicense fees, royalty-based payments, milestone payments, success-based payments, and other payments. Option fees, when applicable, are recognized when exercised, maintenance fees, sublicense fees, and other payments are recorded as incurred based on the estimated amounts due or that will ultimately be paid. Contingent payments that are not required to be accounted for as a derivative are recognized as incurred. As the success-based payments due under the Company’s license arrangements are derivatives, the change in the fair value of the success-based payments are recognized in a separate line item in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss, as discussed further below.

The value attributable to sublicenses and the related sublicense fees due under the Company’s license agreements may require estimates and other judgments related to contractual requirements, which creates uncertainty over the ultimate amount that would be paid under these arrangements. Contractual amounts due are accrued and if a contingency exists related to the interpretation of the amounts due under the license agreement, the Company recognizes a liability for the amount that is probable and estimable. When no amount within the range of potential payments is a better estimate than any other amount, however, the minimum amount in the range is accrued. If some amount within a range of loss appears to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, that amount is accrued. The Company’s accrued liabilities for license fees includes estimates, including approximately $42.3 million of contingent obligations that may be due associated with payments received under the Lilly Agreement for which discussions are continuing related to the potential applicability to such payments of the terms of license agreements. As of March 31, 2024, management believes that it is remote that an adjustment to its estimated accrual would result in a material charge in excess of the amount accrued. The ultimate amount paid may differ materially from the estimated amounts.

Harvard license agreement

Under the Harvard License Agreement, Harvard is entitled to receive success payments, in cash or shares of Company stock, determined based upon the achievement of specified multiples of the initial weighted average value of the Company’s Series A Preferred at specified valuation dates. The success payments range from $5.0 million to a maximum of $105.0 million and have valuation multiples that range from 5 times to 40 times the initial weighted average value of the Series A Preferred. Subsequent to the Company’s February 2020 IPO, the amount of success payments is based on the market value of the Company's common stock.

The Company is required to make success payments to Harvard during a period of time, or the Harvard Success Payment Period, which has been determined to be the later of (1) the ninth anniversary of the Harvard License Agreement or (2) the earlier of (a) the twelfth anniversary of the Harvard License Agreement and (b) the third anniversary of the first date on which a licensed product receives regulatory approval in the United States. During the Harvard Success Payment Period, the Company will perform a calculation of any amounts owed to Harvard on each rolling 90-day period, commencing one year after the Company’s IPO.

In May 2021, the first success payment measurement occurred and amounts due to Harvard were calculated to be $15.0 million. The Company elected to make the payment in shares of the Company’s common stock and issued 174,825 shares of the Company’s common stock to settle this liability on June 10, 2021. The Company may owe Harvard success payments of up to an additional $90.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, no success payments were due to Harvard.

The following table summarizes the Company’s success payment liability for Harvard (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Harvard success payment liability	$	6,700	$	5,200

The following table summarizes the expense (income) resulting from the change in the fair value of the success payment liability for Harvard (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Change in fair value of Harvard success payment liability	$	1,500	$	(2,800	)

Broad license agreement

Under the Broad License Agreement, Broad Institute is entitled to receive success payments, in cash or shares of Company common stock, determined based upon the achievement of specified multiples of the initial weighted average value of the Series A Preferred at specified valuation dates. The success payments range from $5.0 million to a maximum of $105.0 million and have valuation multiples that range from 5 times to 40 times the initial weighted average value of the Series A Preferred. Subsequent to the February 2020 IPO, the amount of success payments is based on the market value of the Company’s common stock.

The Company is required to make success payments to Broad Institute during a period of time, or the Broad Success Payment Period, which has been determined to be the earliest of (1) the twelfth anniversary of the Broad License Agreement or (2) the third anniversary of the first date on which a licensed product receives regulatory approval in the United States. During the Broad Success Payment Period, the Company will perform a calculation of any amounts owed to Broad Institute on each rolling 90-day period, commencing one year after the Company’s IPO.

In May 2021, the first success payment measurement occurred and amounts due to Broad Institute were calculated to be $15.0 million. The Company elected to make the payment in shares of the Company’s common stock and issued 174,825 shares of the Company’s common stock to settle this liability on June 10, 2021. The Company may owe Broad Institute success payments of up to an additional $90.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, no success payments were due to Broad Institute.

The following table summarizes the Company’s success payment liability for Broad Institute (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Broad Institute success payment liability	$	7,000	$	5,600

The following table summarizes the expense (income) resulting from the change in the fair value of the success payment liability for Broad Institute (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Change in fair value of Broad Institute success payment liability	$	1,400	$	(2,800	)

Editas license agreement

In May 2018, the Company entered into a license agreement, or the Editas License Agreement, with Editas Medicine, Inc., or Editas. Pursuant to the Editas License Agreement, Editas granted to the Company licenses and options to acquire licenses to certain intellectual property rights owned or controlled by Editas, for specified uses.

The annual maintenance fees under the Editas License Agreement are recorded as research and development expense. Annual patent costs are expensed as incurred. In addition, the Company is required to make certain development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments to Editas upon the achievement of specified milestones.

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Collaboration and License Agreements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Collaboration and License Agreements

8. Collaboration and license agreements

Eli Lilly and Company

In October 2023, the Company entered into a Transfer and Delegation Agreement, or the Lilly Agreement, with Eli Lilly and Company, or Lilly, pursuant to which Lilly acquired certain assets and other rights under the Company’s amended collaboration and license agreement with Verve, or the Verve Agreement, including the Company’s opt-in rights to co-develop and co-commercialize Verve’s base editing programs for cardiovascular disease (see discussion below related to the Verve Agreement). The Company granted Lilly an exclusive sublicense to the Verve technology originally licensed to the Company under the Verve Agreement. Lilly also acquired from the Company the right to receive any future milestone or royalty payments payable by Verve under the Verve Agreement and the rights and obligations to designate representatives and participate on the joint steering committee with Verve. The Company received a $200.0 million nonrefundable upfront payment and is eligible to receive up to $350.0 million in potential future development-stage payments upon the completion of certain clinical, regulatory and alliance events. If Lilly does not opt-in to co-develop and co-commercialize a licensed product, Lilly is obligated to pay the Company a percentage of any royalties received from Verve for sales of such product, subject to certain caps on a licensed product-by-licensed product basis.

For a period of six years from the effective date of the Lilly Agreement, Lilly has the right to request the Company to perform any critical research and development services, if Lilly reasonably determines that the Company is uniquely able to provide such services and other conditions are met, including that no other third parties can provide such services. The parties will negotiate an agreement governing the Company’s performance of such activity, if any, and the Company will be compensated for any services at approximately cost plus a margin. The Company has not been requested to perform any services and believes it is remote that the Company would be requested to provide any services.

In connection with the Lilly Agreement, the Company and Lilly entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement providing for the sale and issuance of 2,004,811 shares of the Company’s common stock to Lilly for an aggregate purchase price of $50.0 million.

The Company received the consideration under the Stock Purchase Agreement of $50.0 million in October 2023 and the upfront payment of $200.0 million in November 2023.

The Lilly Agreement and Stock Purchase Agreement were negotiated at the same time as a package and have been accounted for as one combined contract. The Company accounts for the component of the arrangement to transfer common stock to Lilly under ASC 505, Equity, and the revenue component under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606, as it includes a customer-vendor relationship as defined under ASC 606 and meets the criteria to be considered a contract. The Company first applied the guidance in ASC 505 to measure the fair value of the common stock issued and allocated the remaining consideration to the ASC 606 component of the arrangement.

The overall ASC 606 transaction price as of the inception of the contract was determined to be $216.4 million, which is comprised of the upfront payment of $200.0 million and the residual value of the proceeds received in excess of the fair value of the common stock sold to Lilly of $16.4 million. The fair value of the common stock issued to Lilly was $33.6 million, as determined by management with the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist. There is no variable consideration included in the transaction price at inception. The Company will re-evaluate the transaction price at each reporting period.

The Company concluded that the collaboration rights and licenses to intellectual property have the same pattern and timing of transfer and are transferred as of the effective date of the Lilly Agreement. Lilly’s right to request research and development services represents an optional purchase in the agreement that does not constitute a material right. All other items promised to Lilly are immaterial in the context of the agreement.

The Company recognized revenue for the performance obligation at a point-in-time in October 2023 as all requirements related to the performance obligation have been completed. Any consideration received related to Lilly’s optional purchase of the Company’s research and development services will be accounted for as a separate contract if and when the option is exercised in accordance with ASC 606. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized the full $216.4 million of revenue related to the Lilly Agreement. As of March 31, 2024, there was no deferred revenue related to the Lilly Agreement.

Orbital

In September 2022, the Company entered into a License and Research Collaboration Agreement, or the Orbital Agreement, with Orbital Therapeutics, Inc., or Orbital. Under the terms of the Orbital Agreement, the Company will collaborate with Orbital to advance nonviral delivery and ribonucleic acid, or RNA, technology by providing Orbital with certain proprietary materials, a non-exclusive research license to certain RNA technology and nonviral delivery technology controlled by the Company, and by performing research and development support services as outlined in a research plan. The Company also granted Orbital an exploitation license to certain RNA technology and nonviral delivery technology controlled by the Company. The exploitation license is exclusive in the fields of vaccines and certain protein therapeutics and nonexclusive in all other fields other than gene editing and conditioning. The collaboration is managed on an overall basis by a Joint Steering Committee, or JSC, comprised of an equal number of representatives from the Company and Orbital.

In exchange for the licenses and services provided by the Company under the Orbital Agreement, the Company received a non-exclusive research license to certain RNA technology and nonviral delivery technology controlled by Orbital, and research and development support services as outlined in a research plan. Orbital also granted the Company an exploitation license to certain RNA technology and nonviral delivery technology controlled by Orbital. The exploitation license is exclusive in the fields of gene editing and conditioning and nonexclusive in all other fields other than vaccines and certain protein therapeutics. The Company also received 75 million shares of Orbital’s common stock at closing. The Company accounts for its investment in Orbital under the equity method of accounting.

The research plan has a term of three years and can be extended for unspecified periods upon mutual agreement between the Company and Orbital. The exploitation licenses are exclusive for an initial research term of three years, which may be extended for up to two successive one-year periods by mutual agreement between the Company and Orbital. Either party may terminate the licenses granted to it under the Orbital Agreement for convenience on a product-by-product basis at any time by providing 90 days’ prior written notice.

The Company accounts for the Orbital Agreement under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606, as it includes a customer-vendor relationship as defined under ASC 606 and meets the criteria to be considered a contract.

The overall transaction price as of the inception of the contract was determined to be $25.5 million, which represents the fair value of the Company’s equity interest in Orbital’s common stock at inception. There is no variable consideration included in the transaction price at inception.

The Company concluded that the research and exploitation licenses are not distinct from the other promises in the Orbital Agreement, and as such the Company has determined that the licenses combined with the research and development services, know-how transfers, committee participation and materials transfer represent a combined performance obligation. The Company recognizes revenue associated with the Orbital performance obligation over time as it is satisfied during the term of the Orbital Agreement, which is three years. The Company recognized $2.1 million of revenue during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. As of March 31, 2024, there was $8.5 million and $4.3 million of current and long-term deferred revenue, respectively, related to the Orbital Agreement.

Pfizer

In December 2021, the Company entered into a research collaboration agreement, or the Pfizer Agreement, with Pfizer Inc., or Pfizer, focused on the use of certain of the Company’s base editing technology to develop in vivo therapies for rare genetic diseases of the liver, muscle, and central nervous system. Under the terms of the Pfizer Agreement, the Company will conduct all research activities through development candidate selection for three base editing programs that target specific genes corresponding to specific diseases that are the subject of such programs. Pfizer will have exclusive rights to license each of the three programs at no additional cost, each an Opt-In Right, and will assume responsibility for subsequent development and commercialization. At the end of the Phase 1/2 clinical trials, the Company may elect to enter into a global co-development and co-commercialization agreement with Pfizer with respect to one program licensed under the collaboration for an option exercise fee equal to a percentage of the applicable development costs incurred by Pfizer, or the Participation Election. In the event the Company elects to exercise its Participation Election, upon the payment of its option exercise fee, Pfizer and the Company would share net profits as well as development and commercialization costs in a 65%/35% (Pfizer/Company) split for such program. The research collaboration is managed on an overall basis by a Joint Research Committee, or JRC, formed by an equal number of representatives from the Company and Pfizer.

At the inception of the Pfizer Agreement, the Company was entitled to receive a nonrefundable upfront payment of $300.0 million in consideration for the rights granted to Pfizer under the collaboration. Should Pfizer exercise its Opt-In Right for any of the three programs, the Company would be eligible to receive development, regulatory, and commercial milestones of up to $350.0 million per program, for potential total consideration of up to $1.35 billion, plus royalty payments on global net sales for each licensed program, if any. If Pfizer does not exercise its Opt-In Right for a program, the Company’s rights in such program revert to the Company and the Company will be required to pay Pfizer earn-out payments equal to a low single digit percentage of net sales earned on such program for a ten-year period, if any.

During the collaboration term, Pfizer has a one-time option to substitute a disease that is the subject of a specific program with one pre-defined substitute disease. The collaboration has an initial term of four years and may be extended for an additional year on a program-by-program basis. Pfizer may terminate the Pfizer Agreement for convenience on any or all of the programs by providing 90 days’ prior written notice.

The Company accounts for the Pfizer Agreement under ASC 606, as it includes a customer-vendor relationship as defined under ASC 606 and meets the criteria to be considered a contract.

The overall transaction price as of the inception of the contract was determined to be $300.0 million, which is comprised entirely of the nonrefundable upfront payment. There is no variable consideration included in the transaction price at inception as the future milestone payments are fully constrained and the Company is not required to estimate variable consideration for the royalty payments at contract inception. The Company re-evaluates the transaction price in each reporting period.

The Company has concluded that the licenses to its base editing technology, including the exclusive development and commercialization rights, are not capable of being distinct from the other performance obligations, and as such the Company has determined that the licenses combined with the other research and development services represent performance obligations and no up-front revenue was recognized for the licenses.

The selling price of each performance obligation was determined based on the Company’s estimated standalone selling price, or the ESSP. The Company developed the ESSP for all of the performance obligations included in the Pfizer Agreement by determining the total estimated costs to fulfill each performance obligation identified with the objective of determining the price at which it would sell such an item if it were to be sold regularly on a standalone basis. The Company allocated the stand-alone selling price to the performance obligations based on the relative standalone selling price method.

The Company recognizes revenue for each performance obligation as it is satisfied during the term of the agreement using an input method. The Company allocated the transaction price of $300.0 million to each of the three performance obligations, which includes each of the three base editing programs combined with the research and development services, licenses, and exclusive development and commercialization rights. Revenue is recognized using an input method based on the actual costs incurred as a percentage of total estimated costs towards satisfying the performance obligation as this method provides the most faithful depiction of the entity’s performance in transferring control of the goods and services promised to Pfizer and represents the Company’s best estimate of the period of the obligation. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company reversed $0.6 million of previously recognized revenue due to a change in estimated total costs. The Company recognized $16.2 million of revenue related to the Pfizer Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2024, there was $46.1 million and $72.0 million of current and long-term deferred revenue, respectively, related to the Pfizer Agreement.

Apellis Pharmaceuticals

In June 2021, the Company entered into a research collaboration agreement, or the Apellis Agreement, with Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Apellis, focused on the use of certain of the Company’s base editing technology to discover new treatments for complement system-driven diseases. Under the terms of the Apellis Agreement, the Company will conduct preclinical research on six base editing programs that target specific genes within the complement system in various organs, including the eye, liver, and brain. Apellis has an exclusive option to license any or all of the six programs, or in each case, an Opt-In Right, and will assume responsibility for subsequent development. The Company may elect to enter into a 50-50 U.S. co-development and co-commercialization agreement with Apellis with respect to one program instead of a license. The collaboration is managed on an overall basis by an alliance steering committee formed by an equal number of representatives from the Company and Apellis.

As part of the collaboration, the Company received a total of $75.0 million in upfront and near-term milestones from Apellis, which was comprised of $50.0 million received upon signing and an additional $25.0 million payment on June 30, 2022, the one-year anniversary of the effective date of the Apellis Agreement, or the First Anniversary Payment. Following any exercise of an Opt-In Right for any of the six programs, the Company will be eligible to receive development, regulatory, and sales milestones from Apellis, as well as royalty payments on sales. The collaboration has an initial term of five years and may be extended up to two years on a per year and program-by-program basis. During the collaboration term, Apellis may, subject to certain limitations, substitute a specific complement gene and/or organ for any of the initial base editing programs. Apellis may terminate the Apellis Agreement for convenience on any or all of the programs by providing prior written notice.

The Company accounts for the Apellis Agreement under ASC 606 as it includes a customer-vendor relationship as defined under ASC 606 and meets the criteria to be considered a contract.

The overall transaction price as of the inception of the contract was determined to be $75.0 million, which is composed of the upfront payment of $50.0 million and the First Anniversary Payment of $25.0 million. The Company re-evaluates the transaction price in each reporting period.

The Company concluded that each of the six base editing programs combined with the research and development service, licenses, substitution rights and governance participation were material promises that were both capable of being distinct and were distinct within the context of the Apellis Agreement and represented separate performance obligations. The Company further concluded that the Opt-In Rights and option to extend the collaboration term did not grant Apellis a material right. The Company determined that the term of the contract is five years, as this is the period during which both parties have enforceable rights.

The selling price of each performance obligation was determined based on the Company’s ESSP. The Company developed the ESSP for all of the performance obligations included in the Apellis Agreement by determining the total estimated costs to fulfill each performance obligation identified with the objective of determining the price at which it would sell such an item if it were to be sold regularly on a standalone basis. The Company allocated the stand-alone selling price to the performance obligations based on the relative standalone selling price method.

The Company recognizes revenue for each performance obligation as it is satisfied over the five-year term using an input method. The Company allocated the transaction price of $75.0 million to each of the six performance obligations, which includes each of the six base editing programs combined with the research and development service, licenses, substitution rights and governance participation, and is being recognized using an input method based on the actual costs incurred as a percentage of total estimated costs towards satisfying the performance obligation as this method provides the most faithful depiction of the entity’s performance in transferring control of the goods and services promised to Apellis and represents the Company’s best estimate of the period of the obligation. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $5.3 million and $5.4 million of revenue related to the Apellis Agreement, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, there is $17.6 million and $23.3 million of current and long-term deferred revenue, respectively, related to the Apellis Agreement.

Verve

In April 2019, the Company entered into the Verve Agreement to investigate gene editing strategies to modify genes associated with an increased risk of coronary diseases and in July 2022, the Company and Verve amended the Verve Agreement. Under the terms of the Verve Agreement, as amended, the Company granted Verve an exclusive license to certain base editor technology and improvements and Verve granted the Company a non-exclusive license under certain know-how and patents controlled by Verve, an interest in joint collaboration technology and a non-exclusive license under certain delivery technology. The Company retained the option, after the dosing of the final patient in a Phase 1 clinical trial of a licensed product, to participate in future development and commercialization, and share 35% of worldwide profits and losses, for any licensed product directed against one of the Verve program targets, and share 50% of U.S. profits and losses for any licensed product directed against the other two targets.

In October 2023, the Company entered into the Lilly Agreement, pursuant to which Lilly acquired certain assets and other rights under the Verve Agreement, including the Company’s opt-in rights to co-develop and co-commercialize Verve’s base editing programs for cardiovascular disease, which consist of programs targeting PCSK9, ANGPTL3 and an undisclosed liver-mediated, cardiovascular target. In addition, Lilly acquired the right to receive any future milestone or royalty payments payable to the Company under the Verve Agreement.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized all remaining license revenue related to the Verve Agreement and has no related deferred revenue as of March 31, 2024.

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Common Stock

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity, Attributable to Parent [Abstract]

Common Stock

9. Common stock

In April 2021, the Company entered into the Sales Agreement with Jefferies, pursuant to which the Company was entitled to offer and sell, from time to time at prevailing market prices, shares of the Company’s common stock having aggregate gross proceeds of up to $300.0 million. The Company agreed to pay Jefferies a commission of up to 3.0% of the aggregate gross sale proceeds of any shares sold by Jefferies under the Sales Agreement. Between April 2021 and July 2021, the Company sold 2,908,009 shares of its common stock under the Sales Agreement at an average price of $103.16 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $300.0 million, before deducting commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company.

In July 2021 and May 2023, the Company and Jefferies entered into amendments to the Sales Agreement to provide for increases in the aggregate offering amount under the Sales Agreement, such that as of May 10, 2023, the Company may offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to an additional $800.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has sold 10,860,992 additional shares of its common stock under the amended Sales Agreement at an average price of $51.93 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $564.0 million, before deducting commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company.

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Stock Option and Grant Plan

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Option and Grant Plan

10. Stock option and grant plan

2019 equity incentive plan

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 15,069,803 shares reserved including 1,696,880 shares available for future issuance, pursuant to the Beam Therapeutics Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan.

Stock-based compensation expense recorded as research and development and general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Research and development	$	17,645	$	14,222
General and administrative		11,636		9,695
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	29,281	$	23,917

Stock options

The following table provides a summary of stock option activity under the Company’s equity award plans:

	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		8,276,033		$	42.59
Granted		1,947,300			24.67
Exercised		(151,291	)		11.07
Forfeited		(101,089	)		57.27
Outstanding at March 31, 2024		9,970,953			39.42
Exercisable as of March 31, 2024		5,083,695		$	39.42

The weighted-average grant date fair value per share of stock options granted in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $17.07. As of March 31, 2024, there was $128.2 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of approximately 2.6 years.

Restricted stock

The Company issues shares of restricted common stock, including both restricted stock units and restricted stock awards. Restricted common stock issued generally vests over a period of two to four years.

The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted stock activity:

	Shares			Weighted- average grant date fair value
Unvested as of December 31, 2023		2,927,152		$	40.89
Issued		957,150			33.04
Vested		(420,579	)		50.81
Forfeited		(61,753	)		43.11
Unvested as of March 31, 2024		3,401,970		$	37.41

At March 31, 2024, there was approximately $114.9 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock that is expected to vest. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of approximately 2.5 years.

2019 employee stock purchase plan

The Company issued 76,461 and 65,620 shares under the Beam Therapeutics Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 2,987,432 shares available for issuance under the ESPP.

Stock-based compensation recognized under the ESPP for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

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Net Loss per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss per Share

11. Net loss per share

For periods in which the Company reports a net loss, potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as their effects would be anti-dilutive. Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share is the same. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:

	As of March 31,
	2024		2023
Unvested restricted stock		3,401,970		2,246,114
Outstanding options to purchase common stock		9,970,953		8,813,480
Total		13,372,923		11,059,594

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share of the Company (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(98,669	)	$	(96,460	)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		81,698,633			72,273,829
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(1.21	)	$	(1.33	)

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

12. Income taxes

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance on federal and state deferred tax assets since there is insufficient evidence that the deferred tax assets are more likely than not realizable. The Company did not have any tax provision or benefit in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

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Related Party Transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

13. Related party transactions

Orbital

The Company has significant influence over, but does not control, Orbital through its noncontrolling representation on Orbital's board of directors and the Company’s equity interest in Orbital. The Company and Orbital are also parties to a collaboration and license agreement and have multiple common board members.

Founders

The Company made payments of $0.1 million to its three founder shareholders for scientific consulting and other expenses for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, and Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of and during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience when available and on various factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, incremental borrowing rate used in the calculation of lease liabilities, research and development expenses, stock-based compensation, contingent consideration liabilities, success payments and certain judgments regarding revenue recognition. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Recently Announced Accounting Pronouncements

Recently announced accounting pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280). The amendments in this update expand segment disclosure requirements, including new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment among other disclosure requirements. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The amendments in this update expand income tax disclosure requirements, including additional information pertaining to the rate reconciliation, income taxes paid, and other disclosures. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents consist of standard checking accounts, money market accounts, and all highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. Restricted cash represents collateral provided for letters of credit issued as security deposits in connection with the Company’s leases of its corporate and manufacturing facilities.

The following table reconciles cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets to the total of the amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	287,848	$	249,771
Restricted cash		6,452		9,802
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	294,300	$	259,573

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table reconciles cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets to the total of the amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	287,848	$	249,771
Restricted cash		6,452		9,802
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	294,300	$	259,573

Reconciliation of Restricted Cash, Cash Equivalents

The following table reconciles cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets to the total of the amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	287,848	$	249,771
Restricted cash		6,452		9,802
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	294,300	$	259,573

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Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Leasehold improvements	$	100,582		$	100,186
Lab equipment		67,133			61,674
Furniture and fixtures		4,836			4,836
Computer equipment		3,163			3,163
Construction in process		821			5,283
Total property and equipment		176,535			175,142
Less accumulated depreciation		(55,613	)		(50,182	)
Property and equipment, net	$	120,922		$	124,960

Summary of Depreciation Expense Incurred

The following table summarizes depreciation expense incurred (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Depreciation expense	$	5,431	$	4,647

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]

Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities by level within the fair value hierarchy at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	Carrying amount		Fair value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	287,666		287,666	$	287,666	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper		248,766		248,766		—		248,766		—
Corporate notes		57,114		57,114		—		57,114
U.S. Treasury securities		237,119		237,119		—		237,119		—
U.S. Government securities		245,185		245,185		—		245,185		—
Corporate equity securities		18,522		18,522		18,522		—		—
Total assets	$	1,094,372	$	1,094,372	$	306,188	$	788,184	$	—
Liabilities
Success payment liability – Harvard	$	6,700	$	6,700	$	—	$	—	$	6,700
Success payment liability – Broad Institute		7,000		7,000		—		—		7,000
Contingent consideration liability – Technology		1,438		1,438		—		—		1,438
Contingent consideration liability – Product		1,418		1,418		—		—		1,418
Total liabilities	$	16,556	$	16,556	$	—	$	—	$	16,556

The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities by level within the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Carrying amount		Fair value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	435,689		435,689	$	435,689	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper		285,289		285,289		—		285,289		—
Corporate notes		23,525		23,525		—		23,525		—
U.S. Treasury securities		152,147		152,147		—		152,147		—
U.S. Government securities		271,145		271,145		—		271,145		—
Corporate equity securities		21,875		21,875		21,875		—		—
Total assets	$	1,189,670	$	1,189,670	$	457,564	$	732,106	$	—
Liabilities
Success payment liability – Harvard	$	5,200	$	5,200	$	—	$	—	$	5,200
Success payment liability – Broad Institute		5,600		5,600		—		—		5,600
Contingent consideration liability – Technology		1,371		1,371		—		—		1,371
Contingent consideration liability – Product		1,352		1,352		—		—		1,352
Total liabilities	$	13,523	$	13,523	$	—	$	—	$	13,523

Summary Of Other Income (Expense) Recorded Due To Changes In Fair Value Of Corporate Equity Securities Held

The following table summarizes other income (expense) recorded due to changes in the fair value of corporate equity securities held (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Other income (expense)	$	(3,353	)	$	(12,797	)

Success Payment Liabilities

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]

Schedule of Variables Included in Calculation of Estimated Fair Value

The following variables were incorporated in the calculation of the estimated fair value of the Harvard and Broad Institute success payment liabilities:

	Harvard						Broad Institute
	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Fair value of common stock (per share)	$	33.04		$	27.22		$	33.04		$	27.22
Expected volatility		82	%		80	%		81	%		79	%
Expected term (years)	0.05-5.24			0.06-5.49			0.05-6.11			0.06-6.36

Schedule of change in Fair Value of Liabilities based on Level 3 inputs

The following table reconciles the change in the fair value of success payment liabilities based on Level 3 inputs (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Harvard		Broad Institute		Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	5,200	$	5,600	$	10,800
Change in fair value		1,500		1,400		2,900
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	6,700	$	7,000	$	13,700

Contingent Consideration Liabilities

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]

Schedule of Variables Included in Calculation of Estimated Fair Value

The following variables were incorporated in the calculation of the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities:

	Technology Milestones						Product Milestones
	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Discount Rate		10.00	%		10.00	%		10.00	%		10.00	%
Probability of Achievement	2-5%			2-5%			1-2%			1-2%
Projected Year of Achievement	2025			2025			2025-2031			2025-2031

Schedule of change in Fair Value of Liabilities based on Level 3 inputs

The following table reconciles the change in fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities based on level 3 inputs (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Technology Milestones		Product Milestones		Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	1,371	$	1,352	$	2,723
Change in fair value		67		66		133
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	1,438	$	1,418	$	2,856

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Marketable Securities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Summary of Marketable Securities Held

The following table summarizes the Company’s marketable securities held at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	248,931	$	53	$	(218	)	$	248,766
Corporate notes		57,238		4		(128	)		57,114
U.S. Treasury securities		237,513		33		(427	)		237,119
U.S. Government securities		245,423		55		(293	)		245,185
Corporate equity securities		18,522		—		—			18,522
Total	$	807,627	$	145	$	(1,066	)	$	806,706

The following table summarizes the Company’s marketable securities held at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	285,054	$	250	$	(15	)	$	285,289
Corporate notes		23,462		63		—			23,525
U.S. Treasury securities		151,805		436		(94	)		152,147
U.S. Government securities		271,181		328		(364	)		271,145
Corporate equity securities		21,875		—		—			21,875
Total	$	753,377	$	1,077	$	(473	)	$	753,981

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued contingent obligation, refer to Note 7	$	42,292	$	43,280
Research costs		6,217		9,804
Employee compensation and related benefits		4,886		21,774
Professional fees		3,381		3,468
Process development and manufacturing costs		2,615		4,697
Other		27,046		28,641
Total	$	86,437	$	111,664

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License Agreements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Success Payment Liability

The following table summarizes the Company’s success payment liability for Harvard (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Harvard success payment liability	$	6,700	$	5,200

The following table summarizes the Company’s success payment liability for Broad Institute (in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Broad Institute success payment liability	$	7,000	$	5,600

Schedule of Change in Fair Value of Success Payment Liability

The following table summarizes the expense (income) resulting from the change in the fair value of the success payment liability for Harvard (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Change in fair value of Harvard success payment liability	$	1,500	$	(2,800	)

The following table summarizes the expense (income) resulting from the change in the fair value of the success payment liability for Broad Institute (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Change in fair value of Broad Institute success payment liability	$	1,400	$	(2,800	)

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Stock Option and Grant Plan (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense recorded as research and development and general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Research and development	$	17,645	$	14,222
General and administrative		11,636		9,695
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	29,281	$	23,917

Summary of Stock Option Activity Under Equity Award Plans

The following table provides a summary of stock option activity under the Company’s equity award plans:

	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		8,276,033		$	42.59
Granted		1,947,300			24.67
Exercised		(151,291	)		11.07
Forfeited		(101,089	)		57.27
Outstanding at March 31, 2024		9,970,953			39.42
Exercisable as of March 31, 2024		5,083,695		$	39.42

Summary of Restricted Stock Activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted stock activity:

	Shares			Weighted- average grant date fair value
Unvested as of December 31, 2023		2,927,152		$	40.89
Issued		957,150			33.04
Vested		(420,579	)		50.81
Forfeited		(61,753	)		43.11
Unvested as of March 31, 2024		3,401,970		$	37.41

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Net Loss per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Potential Common Shares Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss per Share

The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:

	As of March 31,
	2024		2023
Unvested restricted stock		3,401,970		2,246,114
Outstanding options to purchase common stock		9,970,953		8,813,480
Total		13,372,923		11,059,594

Summary of Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share of the Company (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(98,669	)	$	(96,460	)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		81,698,633			72,273,829
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(1.21	)	$	(1.33	)

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Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	4 Months Ended	33 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2021	Jul. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	May 10, 2023
Nature Of Business And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit			$ 1,288,558,000	$ 1,189,889,000
Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities			1,100,000,000
Jeffries LLC Amended Sales Agreement
Nature Of Business And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from issuance of common stock			$ 564,000,000
Jeffries LLC Amended Sales Agreement | Common Stock
Nature Of Business And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Stock sold during period shares, new issues			10,860,992
Price per share of shares issued			$ 51.93
Jeffries LLC Amended Sales Agreement | ATM Offering
Nature Of Business And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Aggregate gross proceeds of shares authorized under ATM sales agreement					$ 800,000,000
Jeffries LLC Amended Sales Agreement | Maximum | ATM Offering
Nature Of Business And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Aggregate gross proceeds of shares authorized under ATM sales agreement					$ 800,000,000
Jeffries LLC Sales Agreement
Nature Of Business And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Stock sold during period shares, new issues		2,908,009
Gross proceeds from issuance of common stock		$ 300,000,000
Jeffries LLC Sales Agreement | Common Stock
Nature Of Business And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Price per share of shares issued		$ 103.16
Jeffries LLC Sales Agreement | Maximum | ATM Offering
Nature Of Business And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Commission rate	3.00%
Aggregate gross proceeds of shares authorized under ATM sales agreement	$ 300,000,000

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 287,848	$ 435,895	$ 249,771
Restricted cash	6,452	8,719	9,802
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 294,300	$ 444,614	$ 259,573	$ 245,521

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Property and Equipment, Net - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 176,535	$ 175,142
Less accumulated depreciation	(55,613)	(50,182)
Property and equipment, net	120,922	124,960
Leasehold Improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	100,582	100,186
Lab Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	67,133	61,674
Furniture and Fixtures
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	4,836	4,836
Computer Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	3,163	3,163
Construction in Process
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 821	$ 5,283

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Property and Equipment, Net - Summary of Depreciation Expense Incurred (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 5,431	$ 4,647

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Commercial Paper
Assets
Marketable securities	$ 248,766	$ 285,289
Harvard
Liabilities
Success payment liability	6,700	5,200
Broad Institute
Liabilities
Success payment liability	7,000	5,600
Recurring | Carrying Amount
Assets
Total assets	1,094,372	1,189,670
Liabilities
Total liabilities	16,556	13,523
Recurring | Carrying Amount | Money Market Funds
Assets
Cash equivalents	287,666	435,689
Recurring | Carrying Amount | Commercial Paper
Assets
Marketable securities	248,766	285,289
Recurring | Carrying Amount | Corporate Notes
Assets
Marketable securities	57,114	23,525
Recurring | Carrying Amount | U.S. Treasury Securities
Assets
Marketable securities	237,119	152,147
Recurring | Carrying Amount | U.S Government Securities
Assets
Marketable securities	245,185	271,145
Recurring | Carrying Amount | Corporate Equity Securities
Assets
Equity securities included in marketable securities	18,522	21,875
Recurring | Carrying Amount | Consideration of Technology Liabilities
Liabilities
Contingent consideration liability	1,438	1,371
Recurring | Carrying Amount | Contingent Consideration of Product Liabilities
Liabilities
Contingent consideration liability	1,418	1,352
Recurring | Fair Value
Assets
Total assets	1,094,372	1,189,670
Liabilities
Total liabilities	16,556	13,523
Recurring | Fair Value | Money Market Funds
Assets
Cash equivalents	287,666	435,689
Recurring | Fair Value | Commercial Paper
Assets
Marketable securities	248,766	285,289
Recurring | Fair Value | Corporate Notes
Assets
Marketable securities	57,114	23,525
Recurring | Fair Value | U.S. Treasury Securities
Assets
Marketable securities	237,119	152,147
Recurring | Fair Value | U.S Government Securities
Assets
Marketable securities	245,185	271,145
Recurring | Fair Value | Corporate Equity Securities
Assets
Equity securities included in marketable securities	18,522	21,875
Recurring | Fair Value | Consideration of Technology Liabilities
Liabilities
Contingent consideration liability	1,438	1,371
Recurring | Fair Value | Contingent Consideration of Product Liabilities
Liabilities
Contingent consideration liability	1,418	1,352
Recurring | Fair Value | Level 1
Assets
Total assets	306,188	457,564
Recurring | Fair Value | Level 1 | Money Market Funds
Assets
Cash equivalents	287,666	435,689
Recurring | Fair Value | Level 1 | Corporate Notes
Assets
Marketable securities		0
Recurring | Fair Value | Level 1 | Corporate Equity Securities
Assets
Equity securities included in marketable securities	18,522	21,875
Recurring | Fair Value | Level 2
Assets
Total assets	788,184	732,106
Recurring | Fair Value | Level 2 | Commercial Paper
Assets
Marketable securities	248,766	285,289
Recurring | Fair Value | Level 2 | Corporate Notes
Assets
Marketable securities	57,114	23,525
Recurring | Fair Value | Level 2 | U.S. Treasury Securities
Assets
Marketable securities	237,119	152,147
Recurring | Fair Value | Level 2 | U.S Government Securities
Assets
Marketable securities	245,185	271,145
Recurring | Fair Value | Level 3
Liabilities
Total liabilities	16,556	13,523
Recurring | Fair Value | Level 3 | Corporate Notes
Assets
Marketable securities		0
Recurring | Fair Value | Level 3 | Consideration of Technology Liabilities
Liabilities
Contingent consideration liability	1,438	1,371
Recurring | Fair Value | Level 3 | Contingent Consideration of Product Liabilities
Liabilities
Contingent consideration liability	1,418	1,352
Recurring | Harvard | Carrying Amount
Liabilities
Success payment liability	6,700	5,200
Recurring | Harvard | Fair Value
Liabilities
Success payment liability	6,700	5,200
Recurring | Harvard | Fair Value | Level 3
Liabilities
Success payment liability	6,700	5,200
Recurring | Broad Institute | Carrying Amount
Liabilities
Success payment liability	7,000	5,600
Recurring | Broad Institute | Fair Value
Liabilities
Success payment liability	7,000	5,600
Recurring | Broad Institute | Fair Value | Level 3
Liabilities
Success payment liability	$ 7,000	$ 5,600

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024	Feb. 23, 2021
Verve Therapeutics, Inc.
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	$ 7.3
Verve Therapeutics, Inc. | Common Stock
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity shares held	546,970
Prime Medicine Inc
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	$ 11.3
Prime Medicine Inc | Common Stock
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity shares held	1,608,337
Technology Milestones | Guide Therapeutics, Inc. | Maximum | Merger Agreement | Former Stockholders and Optionholders
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Potential milestone payable in form of common stock		$ 100.0
Product Milestones | Guide Therapeutics, Inc. | Maximum | Merger Agreement | Former Stockholders and Optionholders
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Potential milestone payable in form of common stock		$ 220.0

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Summarizes Other Income ( Expense) Recorded Due To Changes In Fair Value Of Corporate Equity Securities Held (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Other income (expense)	$ (3,353)	$ (12,797)

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Schedule of Calculation of Estimated Fair Value of Success Payment Liabilities (Details) - Success Payment Liabilities	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value of Common Stock | Harvard
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Success payment liability measurement input	33.04	27.22
Fair Value of Common Stock | Broad Institute
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Success payment liability measurement input	33.04	27.22
Expected Volatility | Harvard
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Success payment liability measurement input	0.82	0.80
Expected Volatility | Broad Institute
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Success payment liability measurement input	0.81	0.79
Expected Term (years) | Minimum | Harvard
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Success payment liability, term	18 days	21 days
Expected Term (years) | Minimum | Broad Institute
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Success payment liability, term	18 days	21 days
Expected Term (years) | Maximum | Harvard
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Success payment liability, term	5 years 2 months 26 days	5 years 5 months 26 days
Expected Term (years) | Maximum | Broad Institute
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Success payment liability, term	6 years 1 month 9 days	6 years 4 months 9 days

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Schedule of Change in Fair Value of Success Payment Liabilities Based on Level 3 Inputs (Details) - Success Payment Liabilities $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning Balance	$ 10,800
Change in fair value	2,900
Ending Balance	13,700
Harvard
Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning Balance	5,200
Change in fair value	1,500
Ending Balance	6,700
Broad Institute
Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning Balance	5,600
Change in fair value	1,400
Ending Balance	$ 7,000

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Schedule of Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration Liabilities Based on Level 3 Inputs (Details) - Contingent Consideration Liabilities $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning Balance	$ 2,723
Change in fair value	133
Ending Balance	2,856
Technology Milestones
Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning Balance	1,371
Change in fair value	67
Ending Balance	1,438
Product Milestones
Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning Balance	1,352
Change in fair value	66
Ending Balance	$ 1,418

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Schedule of Calculation of Estimated Fair Value of Contingent Consideration Liabilities (Details) - Contingent Consideration Liabilities	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Technology Milestones
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Milestone liabilities projected year of achievement	2025	2025
Product Milestones | Minimum
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Milestone liabilities projected year of achievement	2025	2025
Product Milestones | Maximum
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Milestone liabilities projected year of achievement	2031	2031
Discount Rate | Technology Milestones
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Contingent consideration liability measurement input	0.10	0.10
Discount Rate | Product Milestones
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Contingent consideration liability measurement input	0.10	0.10
Probability of Achievement | Technology Milestones | Minimum
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Contingent consideration liability measurement input	0.02	0.02
Probability of Achievement | Technology Milestones | Maximum
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Contingent consideration liability measurement input	0.05	0.05
Probability of Achievement | Product Milestones | Minimum
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Contingent consideration liability measurement input	0.01	0.01
Probability of Achievement | Product Milestones | Maximum
Derivative Liability [Abstract]
Contingent consideration liability measurement input	0.02	0.02

XML

Marketable Securities - Summary of Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Marketable securities held, Amortized Cost	$ 807,627	$ 753,377
Marketable securities held, Gross Unrealized Gains	145	1,077
Marketable securities held, Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,066)	(473)
Marketable securities held, Fair Value	806,706	753,981
Commercial Paper
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	248,931	285,054
Available-for-sale, Gross Unrealized Gains	53	250
Available-for-sale, Gross Unrealized Losses	(218)	(15)
Available-for-sale, Fair Value	248,766	285,289
Corporate Notes
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	57,238	23,462
Available-for-sale, Gross Unrealized Gains	4	63
Available-for-sale, Gross Unrealized Losses	(128)
Available-for-sale, Fair Value	57,114	23,525
U.S. Treasury Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	237,513	151,805
Available-for-sale, Gross Unrealized Gains	33	436
Available-for-sale, Gross Unrealized Losses	(427)	(94)
Available-for-sale, Fair Value	237,119	152,147
Corporate Equity Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Equity securities, Amortized Cost	18,522	21,875
Equity securities, Fair Value	18,522	21,875
U.S Government Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	245,423	271,181
Available-for-sale, Gross Unrealized Gains	55	328
Available-for-sale, Gross Unrealized Losses	(293)	(364)
Available-for-sale, Fair Value	$ 245,185	$ 271,145

XML

Marketable Securities - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Realized gains or losses recognized on sale or maturity of marketable securities	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued contingent obligation, refer to Note 7	$ 42,292	$ 43,280
Research costs	6,217	9,804
Employee compensation and related benefits	4,886	21,774
Professional fees	3,381	3,468
Process development and manufacturing costs	2,615	4,697
Other	27,046	28,641
Total	$ 86,437	$ 111,664

XML

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Liability accrued for loss based on settlement offer	$ 20.6

XML

License agreements - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Accrued liabilities for license fees	$ 42,292	$ 43,280
Lilly Agreement
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Accrued liabilities for license fees	$ 42,300

XML

License Agreements - Harvard License Agreement - Additional Information (Details) - Harvard		3 Months Ended
	Jun. 10, 2021 shares	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	May 31, 2021 USD ($)
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Success payment amount due		$ 0	$ 15,000,000
Common Stock
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock for success payment liability, Shares | shares	174,825
Minimum
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Success payments		$ 5,000,000
Minimum | Series A Preferred Stock
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Success Payments, valuation multiples		5
Maximum
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Additional success payment amount due			$ 90,000,000
Success payments		$ 105,000,000
Maximum | Series A Preferred Stock
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Success Payments, valuation multiples		40
Success Payments
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Agreement description		The Company is required to make success payments to Harvard during a period of time, or the Harvard Success Payment Period, which has been determined to be the later of (1) the ninth anniversary of the Harvard License Agreement or (2) the earlier of (a) the twelfth anniversary of the Harvard License Agreement and (b) the third anniversary of the first date on which a licensed product receives regulatory approval in the United States. During the Harvard Success Payment Period, the Company will perform a calculation of any amounts owed to Harvard on each rolling 90-day period, commencing one year after the Company’s IPO.

XML

License Agreements - Harvard License Agreement - Success Payment Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Harvard
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Success payment liability	$ 6,700	$ 5,200

XML

License Agreements - Harvard License Agreement - Change in Fair Value of Success Payment Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities	$ 2,900	$ (5,600)
Harvard
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities	$ 1,500	$ (2,800)

XML

License Agreements - Broad License Agreement - Additional Information (Details) - Broad Institute		3 Months Ended
	Jun. 10, 2021 shares	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	May 31, 2021 USD ($)
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Success payment amount due		$ 0	$ 15,000,000
Common Stock
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock for success payment liability, Shares | shares	174,825
Success Payments
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Agreement description		The Company is required to make success payments to Broad Institute during a period of time, or the Broad Success Payment Period, which has been determined to be the earliest of (1) the twelfth anniversary of the Broad License Agreement or (2) the third anniversary of the first date on which a licensed product receives regulatory approval in the United States. During the Broad Success Payment Period, the Company will perform a calculation of any amounts owed to Broad Institute on each rolling 90-day period, commencing one year after the Company’s IPO.
Minimum
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Success payments		$ 5,000,000
Minimum | Series A Preferred Stock
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Success Payments, valuation multiples		5
Maximum
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Success payments		$ 105,000,000
Additional success payment amount due			$ 90,000,000
Maximum | Series A Preferred Stock
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Success Payments, valuation multiples		40

XML

License Agreements - Broad License Agreement - Success Payment Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Broad Institute
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Success payment liability	$ 7,000	$ 5,600

XML

License Agreements - Broad License Agreement - Change in Fair Value of Success Payment Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities	$ 2,900	$ (5,600)
Broad Institute
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities	$ 1,400	$ (2,800)

XML

Collaboration and License Agreements - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended					3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Apr. 30, 2019
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Current portion of deferred revenue						$ 72,111		$ 68,706
Long-term portion of deferred revenue						$ 99,573		$ 109,888
Common stock, shares issued						82,280,827		81,632,496
Common stock, par or stated value per share						$ 0.01		$ 0.01
Lilly Agreement
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Sale and issuance of common stock		2,004,811
Aggregated purchase price		$ 50,000
Stock purchase agreement amount received		50,000
Collaboration agreement aggregate transaction price		$ 216,400
Collaboration agreement upfront payment received	$ 200,000
Collaboration agreement performance obligation revenue recognized								$ 216,400
Collaboration agreement term of contract		6 years
Deferred revenue liability						$ 0
Lilly Agreement | Common Stock
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Fair value of common stock sold		$ 16,400
Collaboration license agreement fair value of shares issued		33,600
Lilly Agreement | Maximum
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Additional proceeds from potential future development-stage payments		$ 350,000
Pfizer
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Agreement description				In December 2021, the Company entered into a research collaboration agreement, or the Pfizer Agreement, with Pfizer Inc., or Pfizer, focused on the use of certain of the Company’s base editing technology to develop in vivo therapies for rare genetic diseases of the liver, muscle, and central nervous system. Under the terms of the Pfizer Agreement, the Company will conduct all research activities through development candidate selection for three base editing programs that target specific genes corresponding to specific diseases that are the subject of such programs. Pfizer will have exclusive rights to license each of the three programs at no additional cost, each an Opt-In Right, and will assume responsibility for subsequent development and commercialization. At the end of the Phase 1/2 clinical trials, the Company may elect to enter into a global co-development and co-commercialization agreement with Pfizer with respect to one program licensed under the collaboration for an option exercise fee equal to a percentage of the applicable development costs incurred by Pfizer, or the Participation Election. In the event the Company elects to exercise its Participation Election, upon the payment of its option exercise fee, Pfizer and the Company would share net profits as well as development and commercialization costs in a 65%/35% (Pfizer/Company) split for such program. The research collaboration is managed on an overall basis by a Joint Research Committee, or JRC, formed by an equal number of representatives from the Company and Pfizer.
Collaboration arrangement, initial term				4 years
Collaboration arrangement extension term description				extended for an additional year on a program-by-program basis.
Potential total consideration				$ 1,350,000
Collaboration agreement aggregate transaction price				300,000
Nonrefundable upfront payment receivable				$ 300,000
Collaboration agreement performance obligation revenue recognized							$ 16,200
Collaboration agreement performance obligation revenue recognized						600
Earn-out payment period				10 years
Current portion of deferred revenue						46,100
Long-term portion of deferred revenue						72,000
Pfizer | Assigned to Company | Upon Participation Election
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Net profits as well as development and commercialization costs percentage				35.00%
Pfizer | Assigned to Pfizer | Upon Participation Election
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Net profits as well as development and commercialization costs percentage				65.00%
Pfizer | Maximum | Per Program
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Development regulatory and commercial milestones receivable				$ 350,000
Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Agreement description					In June 2021, the Company entered into a research collaboration agreement, or the Apellis Agreement, with Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Apellis, focused on the use of certain of the Company’s base editing technology to discover new treatments for complement system-driven diseases. Under the terms of the Apellis Agreement, the Company will conduct preclinical research on six base editing programs that target specific genes within the complement system in various organs, including the eye, liver, and brain. Apellis has an exclusive option to license any or all of the six programs, or in each case, an Opt-In Right, and will assume responsibility for subsequent development. The Company may elect to enter into a 50-50 U.S. co-development and co-commercialization agreement with Apellis with respect to one program instead of a license. The collaboration is managed on an overall basis by an alliance steering committee formed by an equal number of representatives from the Company and Apellis.
Collaboration arrangement, initial term					5 years
Collaboration agreement aggregate transaction price					$ 75,000
Collaboration agreement performance obligation revenue recognized						5,300	5,400
Upfront fee receivable upon signing contract					50,000
Collaboration agreement first anniversary amount receivable					$ 25,000
Current portion of deferred revenue						17,600
Long-term portion of deferred revenue						23,300
Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc | Maximum
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Collaboration arrangement extension term					2 years
Verve
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Deferred revenue liability						0
Verve | US | Two Target
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Profit on future development and commercialization percentage									50.00%
Verve | Non-US | One Target
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Profit on future development and commercialization percentage									35.00%
Orbital
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Common stock shares received at closing			75,000,000
Agreement description			. Under the terms of the Orbital Agreement, the Company will collaborate with Orbital to advance nonviral delivery and ribonucleic acid, or RNA, technology by providing Orbital with certain proprietary materials, a non-exclusive research license to certain RNA technology and nonviral delivery technology controlled by the Company, and by performing research and development support services as outlined in a research plan. The Company also granted Orbital an exploitation license to certain RNA technology and nonviral delivery technology controlled by the Company. The exploitation license is exclusive in the fields of vaccines and certain protein therapeutics and nonexclusive in all other fields other than gene editing and conditioning. The collaboration is managed on an overall basis by a Joint Steering Committee, or JSC, comprised of an equal number of representatives from the Company and Orbital.
Collaboration agreement performance obligation revenue period for recognition			3 years
Collaboration agreement aggregate transaction price			$ 25,500
Collaboration agreement performance obligation revenue recognized						2,100	$ 2,100
Current portion of deferred revenue						8,500
Long-term portion of deferred revenue						$ 4,300
Orbital | Exploitation Licenses
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Collaboration arrangement, initial term			3 years
Collaboration arrangement extension term description			which may be extended for up to two successive one-year periods
Orbital | Research Plan
Collaborative Arrangements And Noncollaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]
Collaboration arrangement, initial term			3 years

XML

Common Stock - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	4 Months Ended	33 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2021	Jul. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2024	May 10, 2023
Jeffries LLC Sales Agreement
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Shares issued and sold		2,908,009
Gross proceeds from issuance of common stock		$ 300,000,000
Jeffries LLC Sales Agreement | Common Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Price per share of shares issued		$ 103.16
Jeffries LLC Amended Sales Agreement
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from issuance of common stock			$ 564,000,000
Jeffries LLC Amended Sales Agreement | Common Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Shares issued and sold			10,860,992
Price per share of shares issued			$ 51.93
At-The-Market | Jeffries LLC Sales Agreement | Maximum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate gross proceeds of shares authorized under ATM sales agreement	$ 300,000,000
Commission rate	3.00%
At-The-Market | Jeffries LLC Amended Sales Agreement
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate gross proceeds of shares authorized under ATM sales agreement				$ 800,000,000
At-The-Market | Jeffries LLC Amended Sales Agreement | Maximum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate gross proceeds of shares authorized under ATM sales agreement				$ 800,000,000

XML

Stock Option and Grant Plan - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 29,281	$ 23,917
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share of stock options granted	$ 17.07
Employee Stock Options
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options	$ 128,200
Unrecognized compensation cost, cost to recognize over a weighted-average remaining vesting period	2 years 7 months 6 days
Restricted Stock
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost, cost to recognize over a weighted-average remaining vesting period	2 years 6 months
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, expected to vest	$ 114,900
Restricted Stock | Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	4 years
Restricted Stock | Minimum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	2 years
2019 Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares reserved for future issuance	15,069,803
Number of shares available for future issuance	1,696,880
2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available for future issuance	2,987,432
Number of shares issued	76,461	65,620
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 300	$ 400

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Stock Option and Grant Plan - Summary of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 29,281	$ 23,917
Research and Development
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	17,645	14,222
General and Administrative
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 11,636	$ 9,695

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Stock Option and Grant Plan - Summary of Stock Option Activity Under Equity Award Plans (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Number of options
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 | shares	8,276,033
Granted | shares	1,947,300
Exercised | shares	(151,291)
Forfeited | shares	(101,089)
Outstanding at March 31, 2024 | shares	9,970,953
Exercisable as of March 31, 2024 | shares	5,083,695
Weighted average exercise price
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 | $ / shares	$ 42.59
Granted | $ / shares	24.67
Exercised | $ / shares	11.07
Forfeited | $ / shares	57.27
Outstanding at March 31, 2024 | $ / shares	39.42
Exercisable as of March 31, 2024 | $ / shares	$ 39.42

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Stock Option and Grant Plan - Summary of Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Shares
Unvested as of December 31, 2023 | shares	2,927,152
Issued | shares	957,150
Vested | shares	(420,579)
Forfeited | shares	(61,753)
Unvested as of March 31, 2024 | shares	3,401,970
Weighted-average grant date fair value
Unvested as of December 31, 2023 | $ / shares	$ 40.89
Issued | $ / shares	33.04
Vested | $ / shares	50.81
Cancelled | $ / shares	43.11
Unvested as of March 31, 2024 | $ / shares	$ 37.41

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Net Loss per Share - Schedule of Potential Common Shares Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	13,372,923	11,059,594
Unvested Restricted Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	3,401,970	2,246,114
Outstanding Options to Purchase Common Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	9,970,953	8,813,480

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Net Loss per Share - Summary of Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (98,669)	$ (96,460)
Denominator:
Weighted - average common shares outstanding, basic	81,698,633	72,273,829
Weighted - average common shares outstanding, diluted	81,698,633	72,273,829
Net loss per common share, basic	$ (1.21)	$ (1.33)
Net loss per common share, diluted	$ (1.21)	$ (1.33)

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision (Benefit) for income tax	$ 0	$ 0

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Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) Founder	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of founder shareholders | Founder	3
Founder Shareholders | Scientific Consulting and Other Expenses
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payments received from (made to) related parties | $	$ 0.1	$ 0.1