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Stock-based compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation
Employee stock-based compensation cost recognized in the consolidated statements of income/(loss) and comprehensive income/(loss) was as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue$502 $367 $1,482 $888 
Engineering, research, and development1,005 1,834 3,678 4,336 
Sales and marketing854 1,239 2,732 3,117 
General and administrative4,906 14,111 19,785 34,258 
Total stock-based compensation$7,267 $17,551 $27,677 $42,599 
Stock Options
2018 Plan
Stock option activity under the Company’s 2018 Plan is set forth below:
Number of OptionsWeighted Average Exercise PriceAggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)Weighted Average Contractual Term
(in years)
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2022
1,598,811 $3.54 $12,279 6.0
Options exercised(62,795)$3.54 
Options outstanding as of September 30, 2023
1,536,016 $3.54 $13,271 5.2
Options vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2023
1,529,816 $3.54 $13,218 5.2
The total unrecognized compensation expenses related to 2018 Plan options as of September 30, 2023 was $0.8 thousand to be expensed on a straight-line basis over 0.1 years.
2020 Plan
As of September 30, 2023, 7.2 million shares were available for grant under 2020 Incentive Stock Plan (“2020 Plan”).
Stock option activity under the Company’s 2020 Plan is set forth below:
Number of OptionsWeighted Average Exercise PriceAggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)Weighted Average Contractual Term
(in years)
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2022
3,003,611 $13.22 $3,883 8.3
Options granted642,000 $11.59 
Options exercised(111,869)$8.25 
Options forfeited(251,407)$15.11 
Options expired(28,841)$21.61 
Options outstanding as of September 30, 2023
3,253,494 $12.85 $4,898 7.8
Options vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2023
1,492,386 $11.47 $3,864 6.8
The Company elected the policy to account for forfeitures as these occur. The total unrecognized compensation expenses related to 2020 Stock Plan options as of September 30, 2023 was $10.2 million to be expensed on a straight-line basis over the remaining 2.7 years.
Restricted Stock Units
RSUs granted do not participate in earnings, dividends, and do not have voting rights until vested.
The following table summarizes activity of the Company’s RSUs for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested awards as of December 31, 2022
2,245,968 $11.99 
Awards granted185,500 $11.36 
Awards vested and released(1,293,759)$12.18 
Awards forfeited(101,883)$11.22 
Unvested awards as of September 30, 2023
1,035,826 $11.71 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 the Company net withheld and returned to the 2020 Plan pool 0.6 million shares to cover $6.9 million tax obligations for RSU releases. The total unrecognized compensation expenses related to 2020 Stock Plan RSUs as of September 30, 2023 was $9.6 million to be expensed on a straight-line basis over 0.9 years.
Performance Stock Units
The following table summarizes activity of the Company's PSUs for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested awards as of December 31, 2022
1,328,482 $39.41 
Awards granted523,938 $11.97 
Awards vested and released(1,328,482)$39.41 
Awards forfeited(32,375)$11.97 
Unvested awards as of September 30, 2023
491,563 $11.97 
During first quarter of 2023, the Company withheld 0.7 million shares to cover the $8.1 million tax obligations related to the release of vested 2022 PSU shares certified at 256% performance goal achievement on February 21, 2023. The total estimated
unrecognized compensation expenses related to 2020 Stock Plan PSUs as of September 30, 2023 was $3.8 million to be expensed over 0.4 years based on projected 160% performance goal achievement estimated as probable.