Note 15 - Income Taxes |
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Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block] |
The Company had no income tax for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
The effective tax rate of our provision for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate for the periods presented as follows:
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In determining the need for a valuation allowance, management reviews both positive and negative evidence, including current and historical results of operations, future income projections and the overall prospects of our business. Based upon management’s assessment of all available evidence, the Company believes that it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will not be realizable, and therefore, a valuation allowance has been established. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets was approximately $28.0 million and $18.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company has U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) of $59.1 million and $42.5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has federal and state research and development credit carryforwards (“R&D credits”) of $1.4 million and $2.4 million, respectively. For income tax purposes, federal NOLs will not expire since they were generated after 2017 and federal R&D credits will begin expiring in 2039. For income tax purposes, state NOLs and state R&D credits will begin to expire in 2040 and 2031, respectively.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”) amended IRC Section 174 to require capitalization of all research and developmental (R&D) costs incurred in tax years beginning after December 31, 2021. These costs are required to be amortized with a half-year convention over five years if the R&D activities are performed in the U.S., or over 15 years if the activities were performed outside the U.S. The Company capitalized approximately $28.6 million and amortized $1.8 million of R&D expenses incurred for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
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