10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File number 000-26731

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

British Virgin Islands	001-38605
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
11-F, Building #12, Sunking Plaza, Gaojiao Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China	311122
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(86) 010-53607082

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary shares, no par value	GTEC	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:

NONE

(Title of Class)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of June 29, 2020, there were 10,021,142 shares of common stock, no par value, issued and outstanding. 

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Greenland Technologies Holding Corporation (the “Company”) is filing this quarterly report on Form 10-Q after the May 15, 2020 deadline in reliance on the 45-day extension provided by an order issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to Section 36 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) (Release Nos. 34-88318 dated March 4, 2020 and Release Nos. 34-88465 dated March 25, 2020) (the “Order”).

On May 15, 2020, the Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K to indicate its intention to rely on the Order for such extension. Consistent with the Company’s statements made in the Form 8-K, the Company was unable to file the Original Form 10-Q prior to the prescribed May 15, 2020 filing date because the Company’s operations and business have experienced significant disruptions due to the new coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic. Between January and March of 2020, the Company’s employees were asked to work remotely. As a result, the Company’s books and records were not easily accessible, resulting in delay in preparation and completion of its financial statements. The Company relied on the Order because it could not cope with the aforementioned challenges in finalizing the Original Form 10-Q by the prescribed filing date without incurring unreasonable effort or expenses.

i

INDEX

		Page
		Number
PART I.		1
ITEM 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	1
ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2
ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	13
ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	13
PART II.		15
ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	15
ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	15
ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	15
ITEM 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities.	15
ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.	15
ITEM 5.	Other Information.	15
ITEM 6.	Exhibits	16
Signatures		17

ii

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Financial Statements and Notes to Financial Statements contain forward-looking statements that discuss, among other things, future expectations and projections regarding future developments, operations and financial conditions. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report and other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including without limitation, the following sections: Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “projects,” “will be,” “will continue,” “may,” “could,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. In addition, there is uncertainty about the spread of the COVID-19 virus and the impact it may have on the Company’s operations, the demand for the Company’s products or services, global supply chains and economic activity in general. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

iii

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE	F-1-F-2	CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF MARCH 31, 2020 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2019
PAGE	F-3	CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 AND 2019 (UNAUDITED)
PAGE	F-4	CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 AND 2019 (UNAUDITED)
PAGE	F-5-F-6	CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 AND 2019 (UNAUDITED)
PAGE	F-7-F-30	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

AS OF MARCH 31, 2020 AND DECEMBER 31, 2019

(IN U.S. DOLLARS)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,694,870	$	2,123,485
Restricted cash		1,600,542		3,593,722
Notes receivables, net of allowance for notes receivables of $11,154 and $15,338, respectively		14,008,952		16,156,692
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,078,664 and $1,037,797, respectively		12,393,086		11,971,889
Inventories (net of provision for slow moving inventory of $121,410 and $134,535, respectively)		12,102,779		9,972,877
Due from related parties-current		35,488,842		36,042,829
Advance to suppliers		58,548		50,664
Prepayments and Other current assets		216,585		327,555
Total Current Assets	$	82,564,204	$	80,239,713
Non-current asset
Property, plant, equipment and construction in progress, net		20,159,247		20,630,251
Land use rights, net		3,781,466		3,862,547
Other intangible assets		4,658		5,174
Due from related parties-non current		169,370		430,034
Deferred tax assets		553,110		513,805
Goodwill		3,890		3,890
Other non-current assets		670,703		798,429
Total non-current assets	$	25,342,444	$	26,244,130
TOTAL ASSETS	$	107,906,648	$	106,483,843

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

F-1

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

AS OF MARCH 31, 2020 AND DECEMBER 31, 2019 (Continued)

(IN U.S. DOLLARS)

	March 31,			December 31,
	2020			2019
	(Unaudited)
Current Liabilities
Short-term bank loans	$	19,848,697		$	16,861,615
Notes payable-bank acceptance notes		12,645,068			15,050,902
Accounts payable		17,970,725			14,713,008
Taxes payables		259,094			12,529
Customer deposits		263,092			132,194
Due to related parties		3,809,060			3,481,984
Other current liabilities		1,378,531			3,086,859
Long-term payable- current portion		2,562,321			2,654,230
Total current liabilities	$	58,736,588		$	55,993,321
Long-term liabilities
Long-term payables		811,222			1,349,850
Other long-term liabilities		2,331,591			2,178,548
Total long-term liabilities	$	3,142,813		$	3,528,398
TOTAL LIABILITIES	$	61,879,401		$	59,521,719
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
EQUITY
Ordinary shares, no par value: 10,021,142 and 10,006,142 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019		-			-
Additional paid-in capital		15,269,485			15,226,685
Statutory reserves		3,926,827			3,866,574
Retained earnings		20,060,011			19,863,600
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(965,975	)		(360,981	)
Total shareholders’ equity	$	38,290,348		$	38,595,878
Non-controlling interest		7,736,899			8,366,246
TOTAL EQUITY	$	46,027,247		$	46,962,124
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	107,906,648		$	106,483,843

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

F-2

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 AND 2019

(UNAUDITED, IN U.S. DOLLARS)

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020			2019
REVENUES	$	9,872,067		$	15,811,488
COST OF GOODS SOLD		7,948,119			12,250,989
GROSS PROFIT		1,923,948			3,560,499
Selling expenses		216,841			386,080
General and administrative expenses		1,074,409			444,158
Research and development expenses		564,298			737,774
Total operating expenses	$	1,855,548		$	1,568,012
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS	$	68,400		$	1,992,487
Interest income		33,310			64,931
Interest expense		(321,692	)		(356,544	)
Other income		597,252			292,861
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX	$	377,270		$	1,993,735
INCOME TAX		49,187			265,183
NET INCOME	$	328,083		$	1,728,552
LESS: NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTEREST		71,419			186,358
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES	$	256,664		$	1,542,194
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS):		(1,305,760	)		883,088
Unrealized foreign currency translation income (loss) attributable to Greenland technologies holding corporation and subsidiaries		(604,994	)		782,078
Unrealized foreign currency translation income (loss) attributable to Noncontrolling interest		(700,766	)		101,010
Comprehensive income (loss)		(348,330	)		2,324,272
Noncontrolling interest		(629,347	)		287,368
WEIGHTED AVERAGE ORDINARY SHARES OUTSTANDING:
Basic and diluted		10,009,198			7,500,000
NET INCOME PER ORDINARY SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE COMPANY:
Basic and diluted		0.03			0.21

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

F-3

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 AND 2019

(UNAUDITED, IN U.S. DOLLARS, EXCEPT FOR SHARE DATA)

	Ordinary Shares				Additional		Accumulated Other								Non-
	No Par Value				Paid-in		Comprehensive			Statutory		Retained			controlling
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Income/(loss)			Reserve		Earnings			Interest			Total
Balance at December 31, 2018		7,500,000		-		12,301,305		173,881			3,334,322		15,931,296			7,898,064			39,638,868
Net income		-		-		-		-			-		1,542,194			186,358			1,728,552
Transfer to statutory reserve		-		-		-		-			164,296		(164,296	)		-			-
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-		-		-		782,078			-		-			101,010			883,088
Balance at March 31, 2019		7,500,000		-		12,301,305		955,959			3,498,618		17,309,194			8,185,432			42,250,508
Balance at December 31, 2019		10,006,142		-	$	15,226,685	$	(360,981	)		3,866,574	$	19,863,600		$	8,366,246		$	46,962,124
Restricted stock grants		15,000		-		42,800		-			-		-			-			42,800
Net income		-		-		-		-			-		256,664			71,419			328,083
Transfer to statutory reserve		-		-		-		-			60,253		(60,253	)		-			-
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-		-		-		(604,994	)		-		-			(700,766	)		(1,305,760	)
Balance at March 31, 2020		10,021,142		-	$	15,269,485	$	(965,975	)		3,926,827	$	20,060,011		$	7,736,899		$	46,027,247

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

F-4

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 AND 2019

(UNAUDITED, IN U.S. DOLLARS)

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020			2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	328,083		$	1,728,552
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		562,048			507,758
Increase  in allowance for doubtful accounts		57,258			73,896
Increase in allowance for notes receivable		(3,979	)		(95,104	)
Increase in provision for inventory		(11,143	)		(86,949	)
Deferred tax assets		(47,568	)		47,157
Stock based compensation expense		42,800			-
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Decrease (Increase) In:
Accounts receivable		(667,154	)		(5,815,052	)
Notes receivable		1,918,096			975,163
Inventories		(2,289,727	)		1,540,885
Advance to suppliers		(8,730	)		(132,558	)
Other current and noncurrent assets		223,104			56,410
Increase (Decrease) In:
Accounts payable		3,510,842			1,408,588
Customer deposits		133,959			8,133
Other current liabilities		(328,334	)		460,592
Income tax payable		248,669			27,291
Due to related parties		323,227			(10,449	)
Long-term payables-Unamortized deferred financing costs		104,335			64,783
Other long-term liabilities		(54,791	)		(154,444	)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES	$	4,040,995		$	604,652

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

F-5

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 AND 2019 (Continued)

(UNAUDITED, IN U.S. DOLLARS)

	For the three months ended March 31
	2020			2019
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of Long term assets	$	(384,624	)	$	(110,137	)
Proceeds from government grants for construction		242,763			331,902
Purchases of land use rights		-			(129,716	)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES	$	(141,861	)	$	92,049
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from short-term bank loans	$	3,271,391		$	8,045,497
Repayments of short-term bank loans		-			(7,464,848	)
Notes payable		(2,191,338	)		(772,260	)
Proceeds from related parties		620,183			1,119,503
Repayment of loans from related parties		(355,586	)		(2,653,466	)
Repayment of loans from third parties		(2,844,097	)		-
Proceeds from third parties		1,498,686			-
Dividend paid		-			(164,257	)
Proceeds received from financing lease obligation		-			3,731,677
Deposits for the financing lease obligation		-			(559,752	)
Payment of principal on financing lease obligation		(677,734	)		(397,721	)
NET CASH  PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES	$	(678,495	)	$	884,373
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH	$	3,220,639		$	1,581,074
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		(642,434	)		157,851
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR		5,717,207			8,968,177
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	$	8,295,412		$	10,707,102
Bank balances and cash		6,694,870			7,818,850
Bank balances and cash included in assets classified as restricted cash		1,600,542			2,888,252
Supplemental Disclosure Of Cash Flow Information
Income taxes paid		3,861			186,919
Interest paid		298,337			356,544

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

F-6

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

Greenland Technologies Holding Corporation, formerly known as Greenland Acquisition Corporation (“Greenland” or the “Company”), was incorporated on December 28, 2017 as a British Virgin Islands Company with limited liability. The Company was incorporated as a blank check Company for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more target businesses. On October 24 2019, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Zhongchai Holding (Hong Kong) Limited via a reverse capitalization and changed its name from Greenland Acquisition Corporation to Greenland Technologies Holding Corporation.

Greenland serves as the parent Company for the primary operating Company, Zhongchai Holding (Hong Kong) Limited, a holding Company formed under the laws of Hong Kong on April 23, 2009 (“Zhongchai Holding”). Through Zhongchai Holding and other subsidiaries, Greenland develops and manufactures traditional transmission products for material handling machineries in PRC, as well as develop models for robotic cargo carriers, which are expected to be produced in the near future in PRC.

The Company’s Shareholders

As of March 31, 2020, Cenntro Holding Limited owns 74.842% of Greenland’s outstanding ordinary shares. Cenntro Holding Limited is controlled and beneficially owned by Mr. Peter Zuguang Wang, chairman of the Company.

The Company’s Subsidiaries

Zhongchai Holding, the 100% owned subsidiary of the Company, owned 89.47% of Zhejiang Zhongchai Machinery Co., Ltd. (“Zhejiang Zhongchai”), 62.5% of Shanghai Hengyu Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd. (“Hengyu”)  and 100% of Hangzhou Greenland Robotic Co., Ltd (“Hangzhou Greenland”).

Zhejiang Zhongchai, the subsidiary of the Company, is the sole shareholder of Zhejiang Shengte Transmission Co., Ltd. (“Shengte”). It also owned 62.5% of Hengyu  until transferred its ownership to Zhongchai Holding on July 15, 2019.

Zhejiang Zhongchai

Zhejiang Zhongchai, a limited liability Company registered on November 21, 2005, is the direct operating subsidiary of Zhongchai Holding in PRC. On April 5, 2007, Usunco Automotive Limited (“Usunco”), a British Virgin Islands limited liability Company incorporated on April 24, 2006, invested $8,000,000 USD into Zhejiang Zhongchai for its approximately 75.47% interest. On December 16, 2009, Usunco agreed to transfer its 75.47% interest in Zhejiang Zhongchai to Zhongchai Holding. On April 26, 2010, Xinchang County Keyi Machinery Co., Ltd. transferred all its 24.528% interest in Zhejiang Zhongchai to Zhongchai Holding for a consideration of US$2.6 million. On November 1, 2017, Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP) (“Jiuxin”), an entity controlled and beneficially owned by Mr. He Mengxing, president of Zhejiang Zhongchai, closed its investment of approximately RMB31,590,000 in Zhejiang Zhongchai for 10.53% of its interest. As of March 31, 2020, Zhongchai Holding owns approximately 89.47% of Zhejiang Zhongchai and Jiuxin owns approximately 10.53% of Zhejiang Zhongchai.

Through Zhejiang Zhongchai, the Company has been engaging in the manufacture and sale of transmission systems mainly for forklift trucks since 2006. These forklift trucks are used in manufacturing and logistics applications, such as factory, workshop, warehouse, fulfilment centers, shipyards and seaports. The transmission systems are the key components for the forklift trucks. The Company supplies transmission systems to forklift truck manufacturers. Its transmission systems fit for forklift trucks ranging from 1 to 15 tons, with either mechanical shift or automatic shift. All the products are currently manufactured at the Company’s facility in Xinchang, Zhejiang Province, PRC and are sold to both domestic and oversea markets. The Company has moved to its new factory in Meizhu, Xinchang, Zhejiang Province, PRC, in October of 2019.

F-7

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES (CONTINUED)

Shengte

Shengte is a limited liability Company registered on February 24, 2006 in Xinchang High-Tech Industrial Park, Zhejiang, PRC.

Shengte manufactures parts of transmission boxes for Zhejiang Zhongchai. All parts were manufactured in the Company’s Xinchang facility and were sold internally to Zhejiang Zhongchai. In January 2019 Shengte has stopped its business and transferred its most assets to Zhejiang Zhongchai and only maintain its employee social benefit function in the local region.

Hengyu

Hengyu is a limited liability Company registered on September 10, 2015 in Shanghai Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, and PRC. Hengyu holds no assets other than an account receivable owed by Cenntro Holding Limited. Main business of Hengyu are investment management and consulting services.

Hangzhou Greenland

Hangzhou Greenland is a limited liability Company registered on August 9, 2019 in Hangzhou Sunking Plaza, Zhejiang, PRC. Hangzhou Greenland is designed to open robotic cargo carrier business based on a conceptual prototype of a robotic cargo carrier developed by our R&D team in 2018.

Greenland Tech

On January 14, 2020, Greenland established its wholly owned subsidiary in the state of Delaware named Greenland Technologies Corporation (“Greenland Tech”). The Company aims  to use it as the US operation site of the Company and promotes  sales of  robotic products for the North American market in the near future. Greenland Tech currently does not conduct any business activities.

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries, which are included in these unaudited  consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2020, are as follows:

Name	Domicile and Date of Incorporation	Paid-in Capital		Percentage of Effective Ownership			Principal Activities
Zhongchai Holding (Hong Kong) Limited	Hong Kong April 23, 2009	HKD	10,000		100	%	Holding
Zhejiang Zhongchai Machinery Co., Ltd.	PRC November 21, 2005	USD	28,612,943		89.47	%	Manufacture, sale of various transmission boxes
Zhejiang Shengte Transmission Co., Ltd.	PRC February 24, 2006	RMB	5,000,000		89.47	%	Manufacture and sale of parts of transmission box
Shanghai Hengyu Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd.	PRC September 10, 2015	RMB	251,500,000		62.5	%	Investment management and consulting services.
Hangzhou Greenland Robotic Technologies Co., Ltd.	PRC August 9, 2019	RMB	252,862		100	%	Manufactures and sales carrier cargo robotics.
Greenland Technologies Corporation	Delaware, USA January 14, 2020		USD 0		100	%	US operation and promote robotic enabled automated warehouse system for North American market

F-8

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Greenland Technologies Holding Corporation and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. Certain reclassifications to previously reported financial information have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization (the “Recapitalization Transaction”) in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations. For accounting and financial reporting purposes, Zhongchai Holding is considered the acquirer based on facts and circumstances, including the following:

● Zhongchai Holding’s operations comprise the ongoing operations of the combined entity;

● The officers of the newly combined company consist of Zhongchai Holding’s executives, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel; and,

● The former shareholders of Zhongchai Holding own a majority voting interests in the combined entity.

As a result of Zhongchai Holding being the accounting acquirer, the financial reports filed with the SEC by the Company subsequent to the Business Combination are prepared “as if” Zhongchai Holding is the predecessor and legal successor to the Company. The historical operations of Zhongchai Holding are deemed to be those of the Company. Thus, the financial statements included in this report reflect (i) the historical operating results of Zhongchai Holding prior to the Business Combination; (ii) the combined results of the Company and Zhongchai Holding following the Business Combination in October 24, 2019; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Zhongchai Holding at their historical cost, and (iv) Greenland’s equity structure for all periods presented. Zhongchai Holding received 7,500,000 shares of Greenland in exchange for all the share capital, which is reflected retroactively to December 31, 2017 and will be utilized for calculating earnings per share in all prior periods. No step-up basis of intangible assets or goodwill was recorded in the Business Combination transaction consistent with the treatment of the transaction as a reverse capitalization of Zhongchai Holding.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management makes these estimates using the best information available at the time the estimates are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 include allowance for doubtful accounts, reserve for inventories, useful life of property, plant and equipment, assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-term assets and valuation of deferred tax assets and accruals for taxes due.

Non-controlling Interest

Non-controlling interests in the Company’s subsidiaries are recorded in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification 810 Consolidation (“ASC 810”) and are reported as a component of equity, separate from the parent’s equity. Purchase or sale of equity interests that do not result in a change of control are accounted for as equity transactions. Results of operations attributable to the non-controlling interest are included in our consolidated results of operations and, upon loss of control, the interest sold, as well as interest retained, if any, will be reported at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in earnings.

F-9

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Foreign Currency Translation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars (“US$” or “$”). The functional currency of the Company is Renminbi (“RMB”).  Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the functional currency rate ruling at the date of transaction. Any differences between the initially recorded amount and the settlement amount are recorded as a gain or loss on foreign currency transaction in the consolidated statements of operations.

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Period end RMB: US$ exchange rate		7.0851		6.7112
Period average RMB: US$ exchange rate		7.0307		6.6994

The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions  The PRC government imposes significant exchange restrictions on fund transfers out of the PRC that are not related to business operations.

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, the Company recognizes revenues when goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how revenues are recognized from contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five-step analysis: (i) identification of contract with customer; (ii) determination of performance obligations; (iii) measurement of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations and (v) recognition of revenues when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. The Company derives revenues from the processing, distribution and sale of its products. The Company recognizes its revenues net of value-added taxes (“VAT”). The Company is subject to VAT which had been levied at the rate of 17% on the invoiced value of sales until April 30, 2018, after which date the rate was reduced to 16%. VAT rate was further reduced to 13% starting from April 1, 2019. Output VAT is borne by customers in addition to the invoiced value of sales and input VAT is borne by the Company in addition to the invoiced value of purchases to the extent not refunded for export sales.

Revenues are recognized at a point in time once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Control is typically deemed to have been transferred to the customer when the performance obligation is fulfilled, usually at the time of customers’ acceptance or consumption, at the net sales price (transaction price) and each of the criteria under ASC 606 have been met. Contract terms may require the Company to deliver the finished goods to the customers’ location or the customer may pick up the finished goods at the Company’s factory. International sales are recognized when shipment clears customs and leaves the port.

The Company has adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, using the transition method of Modified-Retrospective Method (“MRM”). The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on the Company’s beginning balance of retained earnings.

The Company’s contracts are all short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. Receivables are recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to consideration.

Contracts do not offer any price protection, but allow for the return of certain goods if quality problem, which is standard warranty. The Company product returns and recorded reserve for sales returns were minimal for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The total rebates amount is accounting for around 0.43% and 0.56% of the total revenue of Greenland.

The following table sets forth disaggregation of revenue:

	For the three months ended March 31,
Major Product	2020		2019
Transmission boxes for Forklift		9,872,057		15,624,890
Transmission boxes for Non-Forklift (EV, etc.)		10		186,598
Total		9,872,067		15,811,488

F-10

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of material costs, freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, internal transfer costs, wages, employee compensation, amortization, depreciation and related costs, which are directly attributable to the production of products. Write-down of inventory to lower of cost or net realizable value is also recorded in cost of goods sold.

Selling Expenses 

Selling expenses include operating expenses such as payroll and traveling and transportation expenses. 

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include management and office salaries and employee benefits, depreciation for office facility and office equipment, travel and entertainment, legal and accounting, consulting fees and other office expenses.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and totaled approximately $564,298 and $737,774 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Government subsidies

Government subsidies are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with. When the subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match the subsidy on a systematic basis to the costs that it is intended to compensate. Where the subsidy relates to an asset, it is recognized as other long-term liabilities and is released to the statement of operations over the expected useful life in a consistent manner with the depreciation method for the relevant asset. Total government subsidies recorded in the other long-term liabilities were $2.33 million and $2.18 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31,  2019, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes following the liability method pursuant to FASB ASC 740 “Income Taxes”. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

F-11

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

The Company also follows FASB ASC 740, which addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. The Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740 also provides guidance on recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company did not have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits. It is the Company’s policy to include penalties and interest expense related to income taxes as a component of other expense and interest expense, respectively, as necessary. The Company’s historical tax years will remain open for examination by the local authorities until the statute of limitations has passed.

Value-Added Tax

Enterprises or individuals, who sell commodities, engage in repair and maintenance or import or export goods in the PRC are subject to a value added tax in accordance with PRC Laws. The VAT standard rate had been 17% of the gross sale price until April 30, 2018, after which date the rate was reduced to 16%. VAT rate was further reduced to 13% starting from April 1, 2019. A credit is available whereby VAT paid on the purchases of semi-finished products or raw materials used in the production of the Company’s finished products can be used to offset the VAT due on the sales of the finished products.

Statutory Reserve

In accordance with the PRC Regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment, an enterprise established in the PRC with foreign investment is required to provide for certain statutory reserves, namely (i) General Reserve Fund, (ii) Enterprise Expansion Fund and (iii) Staff Welfare and Bonus Fund, which are appropriated from net profit as reported in the enterprise’s PRC statutory accounts. A wholly-owned foreign enterprise is required to allocate at least 10% of its annual after-tax profit to the General Reserve Fund until the balance of such fund has reached 50% of its respective registered capital. A non-wholly-owned foreign invested enterprise is permitted to provide for the above allocation at the discretion of its board of directors. Appropriations to the Enterprise Expansion Fund and Staff Welfare and Bonus Fund are at the discretion of the board of directors for all foreign invested enterprises. The aforementioned reserves can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends.

F-12

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during the year from transactions and other events, excluding the changes resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners, and is not included in the computation of income tax expense or benefit. Accumulated comprehensive income consists of foreign currency translation. The Company presents comprehensive income (loss) consists in accordance with ASC Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income”.

Earnings per share

The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share.” Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic earnings per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential ordinary shares equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. On October 24, 2019, the Company completed a reverse merger with Greenland Acquisition Corporation whereby the Company received 7,500,000 shares in exchange for all the share capital, which is reflected retroactively to December 31, 2017 and will be utilized for calculating earnings per share in all prior periods. The per share amounts have been updated to show the effect of the exchange on earnings per share as if the exchange occurred at the beginning of both years for the annual financial statements of the Company. The impact of the stock exchange is also shown on the Company’s Statements of Shareholders’ Equity.

Pursuant to the CIIX Termination Agreement and the SCCG Termination Agreement, 5,000 and 10,000 restricted ordinary shares, no par value, were issued to CIIX and SCCG on March 12, 2020 and March 13, 2020 respectively, and will be utilized for calculating earnings per share in three months ended March 31, 2020 .

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For financial reporting purposes, the Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains no bank account in the United States of America. The Company maintains its bank accounts in PRC and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“SAR”). Balances at financial institutions or state-owned banks within PRC and Hong Kong SAR are not covered by insurance. 

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents amounts held by a bank as security for bank acceptance bills, as well as the financial product secured for the short-term bank loan and therefore is not available for the Company’s use until such time as the bank acceptance notes and bank loans have been fulfilled or expired, normally within a twelve-month period.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, to the financial instruments that are required to be carried at fair value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy based upon observable and non-observable inputs that prioritizes the information used to develop our assumptions regarding fair value. Fair value measurements are separately disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy.

F-13

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

● Level 1—defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

● Level 2—defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets, that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

● Level 3—defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The Company’s financial instruments primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable, other payables and accrued liabilities, short-term bank loans, and notes payable.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other current assets and liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The estimated fair values of short-term bank loans were not materially different from their carrying value as presented due to the short maturities and that the interest rates on the borrowing approximate those that would have been available for loans of similar remaining maturity and risk profile. As the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of the fair value, these financial instruments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are carried at net realizable value. The Company reviews its accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, customer’s historical payment history, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection. The Company only grants credit terms to established customers who are deemed to be financially responsible. Credit periods to customers are within 90 days after customers received the purchased goods. If accounts receivable are to be provided for, or written off, they would be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations within operating expenses. Balance of allowance of doubtful accounts was $1.08 million and $1.04 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is based on estimated selling prices less any further costs expected to be incurred for completion and disposal. Cost of raw materials is calculated using the weighted average method and is based on purchase cost. Work-in-progress and finished goods costs are determined using the weighted average method and comprise direct materials, direct labour and an appropriate proportion of overhead. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had reserves for inventories of $0.12 million and $0.13 million, respectively. The Company records inventory reserves for excess or obsolete inventories based upon assumptions about our current and future demand forecasts.

Advance to Suppliers

Advance to suppliers represents interest-free cash paid in advance to suppliers for purchases of parts and/or raw materials. The balance of advance to suppliers was $0.06 million and $0.05 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

F-14

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, and include expenditure that substantially increases the useful lives of existing assets. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance, which do not extend the useful life of the assets, are expensed as incurred.

Depreciation is provided over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives are as follows:

Plant, buildings and improvements	20 years
Machinery and equipment	2~10 years
Motor vehicles	4 years
Office Equipment	3~5 years
Fixed Assets decoration	5 years

When assets are sold or retired, their costs and accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the consolidated financial statements and any gain or loss resulting from their disposal is recognized in the period of disposition as an element of other income. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to income as incurred, whereas significant renewals and betterments are capitalized.

Land Use Rights

According to the PRC laws, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government. The land use rights granted to the Company are being amortized using the straight-line method over the lease term of fifty years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment periodically whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their related carrying amounts may not be recoverable in accordance with FASB ASC 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”.

In evaluating long-lived assets for recoverability, the Company uses its best estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and eventual disposition in accordance with FASB ASC 360-10-15. To the extent that estimated future, undiscounted cash inflows attributable to the asset, less estimated future, undiscounted cash outflows, are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference between the carrying value of such asset and its fair value. Assets to be disposed of and for which there is a committed plan of disposal, whether through sale or abandonment, are reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell.

There was no impairment loss recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Segments and Related Information

ASC 280 “Segment reporting” establishes standards for reporting information on operating segments in interim and annual financial statements. All of the Company’s operations are considered by the chief operating decision maker to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment. 

The Company is engaged in the business of manufacturing and selling various transmission boxes. The Company’s manufacturing process is essentially the same for the entire Company and is performed in-house at the Company’s facilities in PRC. The Company’s customers primarily consist of entities in the automotive, construction machinery or warehousing equipment industries. The distribution of the Company’s products is consistent across the entire Company. In addition, the economic characteristics of each customer arrangement are similar in that the Company maintains policies at the corporate level. 

F-15

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Commitments and contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and environmental claims arising out of the normal course of businesses that relate to a wide range of matters, including among others, contracts breach liability. The Company records accruals for such contingencies based upon the assessment of the probability of occurrence and, where determinable, an estimate of the liability. Management may consider many factors in making these assessments including past history, scientific evidence and the specifics of each matter. The Company’s management has evaluated all such proceedings and claims that existed as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Normal course of businesses that relate to a wide range of matters, including among others, contracts breach liability. The Company records accruals for such contingencies based upon the assessment of the probability of occurrence and, where determinable, an estimate of the liability. Management may consider many factors in making these assessments including past history, scientific evidence and the specifics of each matter. The Company’s management has evaluated all such proceedings and claims that existed as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Related Party

In general, related parties exist when there is a relationship that offers the potential for transactions at less than arm’s-length, favorable treatment, or the ability to influence the outcome of events different from that which might result in the absence of that relationship. A related party may be any of the following: a) an affiliate, which is a party that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another party; b) a principle owner, owner of record or known beneficial owner of more than 10% of the voting interest of an entity; c) management, which are persons having responsibility for achieving objectives of the entity and requisite authority to make decision; d) immediate family of management or principal owners; e) a parent Company and its subsidiaries; and f) other parties that have ability to significant influence the management or operating policies of the entity. The Company discloses all significant related party transactions.

Economic and Political Risks

The Company’s operations are conducted in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in the PRC, and by the general state of the PRC economy.

The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in the PRC, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts receivable. All of the Company’s cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC, and none of these deposits are covered by insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. A portion of the Company’s sales are credit sales which are primarily to customers whose abilities to pay are dependent upon the industry economics prevailing in these areas; however, concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivables is limited due to generally short payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers to help further reduce credit risk

Exchange Risk

The Company cannot guarantee that the current exchange rate will remain steady. Therefore, there is a possibility that the Company could post the same amount of profit for two comparable periods and yet, because of a fluctuating exchange rates, record higher or lower profit depending on exchange rate of PRC Renminbi (RMB) converted to U.S. dollars on the relevant dates. The exchange rate could fluctuate depending on changes in the political and economic environment without notice.

F-16

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements that the Company has adopted or may be required to adopt in the future are summarized below:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13,” Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, to require financial assets carried at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected based on historical experience, current conditions and forecasts. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, in April 2019. To clarify that receivables arising from operating leases are within the scope of lease accounting standards. In October 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Leases (Topic 842), which defers the effective date for public filers that are considered small reporting companies as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Since the Company is a smaller reporting company, implementation is not needed until January 1, 2023. Adoption of the standard requires using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date to align existing credit loss methodology with the new standard. The Company is evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements, including accounting policies, processes, and systems, and expects the standard will have a minor impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04 (Topic 350) Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Under the amended guidance, a goodwill impairment charge will now be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. This ASU will be applied on a prospective basis and is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for any impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of the ASU 2017-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13 Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which eliminates, adds, and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements under ASC 820. This ASU is to be applied on a prospective basis for certain modified or new disclosure requirements, and all other amendments in the standard are to be applied on a retrospective basis. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted Topic 820 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of the ASU 2018-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes” (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). ASU 2019-12 will simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company does not expect that the requirements of ASU 2019-12 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

F-17

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 3 – CONCENTRATION ON REVENUES AND COST OF GOODS SOLD

Concentration of major customers and suppliers:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020				2019
Major customers representing more than 10% of the Company’s revenues
Company A	$	2,307,990	23.38	%	$	2,303,804	14.57	%
Total Revenues	$	2,307,990	23.38	%	$	2,303,804	14.57	%

	As of
	March  31, 2020				December 31, 2019
Major customers of the Company’s accounts receivable, net
Company A		1,804,651	14.56	%		1,662,078	13.88	%
Company B		1,378,830	11.13	%		1,106,955	9.25	%
Company C		911,084	7.35	%		1,061,972	8.87	%
Total	$	4,094,565	33.04	%	$	3,831,005	32.00	%

Accounts receivable from the Company’s major customers accounted for 33.04% and 32.00% of total accounts receivable balances as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

There were no suppliers representing more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 , respectively.

NOTE 4 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable is net of allowance for doubtful accounts.

	As of
	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Accounts receivable	$	13,471,750		$	13,009,686
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(1,078,664	)		(1,037,797	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	12,393,086		$	11,971,889

Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts are as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Beginning balance	$	1,037,797	$	906,138
Provision for doubtful accounts		40,867		94,289
Ending balance	$	1,078,664	$	1,000,427

F-18

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 5 – INVENTORIES

	As of
	March  31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Raw materials	$	4,511,796		$	3,626,104
Revolving material		615,842			744,887
Consigned processing material		44,235			63,608
Work-in-progress		1,450,531			1,465,767
Finished goods		3,434,271			3,084,128
Goods in transit		2,167,514			1,122,918
Less: reserve for inventories		(121,410	)		(134,535	)
Inventories, net	$	12,102,779		$	9,972,877

NOTE 6 – NOTES RECEIVABLE

	As of
	March  31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Bank notes receivable:	$	13,797,029	$	15,865,267
Commercial notes receivable		211,923		291,425
Total	$	14,008,952	$	16,156,692

Bank notes and commercial notes are means of payment from customers for the purchase of the Company’s products and are issued by financial institutions or business entities, respectively, that entitle the Company to receive the full nominal amount from the issuer at maturity, which bears no interest and generally ranges from three to six months from the date of issuance.  As of March 31, 2020, the Company pledged notes receivable for an aggregate amount of $11.78 million to Bank of Communications and Bank of Hangzhou as a means of security for issuance of bank acceptance notes for an aggregate amount of $11.23 million. As of December 31, 2019, the Company pledged notes receivable for an aggregate amount of $11.17 million to Bank of Communications as a means of security for issuance of bank acceptance notes for an aggregate amount of $8.98 million. The Company expects collection of notes receivable within 6 months. Allowance for notes receivables as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $11,154 and $15,338 respectively, determined according to the collectability of commercial notes receivable.

NOTE 7 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS

(a) At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

	As of
	March  31, 2019			December 31, 2019
Buildings	$	11,391,549		$	11,188,399
Machinery		19,121,793			19,416,746
Motor vehicles		250,545			254,456
Electronic equipment		177,491			177,153
Total property plant and equipment, at cost		30,941,378			31,036,754
Less: accumulated depreciation		(11,022,764	)		(10,650,893	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	19,918,614		$	20,385,861
Construction in process		240,633			244,390
Total	$	20,159,247		$	20,630,251

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, depreciation expense amounted to $0.37 million and $0.69 million, respectively, of which $0.19 million and $0.51 million, respectively, was included in cost of revenue and inventories, and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense and research and development expenses etc.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $375,119 and $0 of construction in progress were converted into fixed assets.

F-19

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 7 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS (CONTINUED)

Restricted assets consist of the following:

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Buildings, net	$	10,561,110	$	10,459,597
Machinery, net		8,608,059		9,066,066
Total		19,169,169		19,525,663

As of March 31, 2020, the Company pledged its buildings ownership of buildings for net book value of RMB74.83 million ($10.56 million) as security with ABC Xinchang and Rural commercial bank, for its loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB112.63 million.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company pledged its buildings ownership of buildings for net book value of RMB72.97 million ($10.46 million) as security with ABC Xinchang and Rural commercial bank, for its loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB112.63 million.

On January 3, 2019, the Company sold a set of manufacturing equipment to third parties for aggregate proceeds of $3.08 million (RMB21.25 million) and the Company entered into lease agreements under which the Company agreed to lease back each of the properties for an initial term of 3 years. On April 26, 2019, the Company sold various equipment including the general assembly line and the differential assembly line to third parties for aggregate proceeds of $2.12 million (RMB14.66 million) and the Company entered into lease agreements under which the Company agreed to lease back each of the properties for an initial term of 2 years. The Company determined it did not relinquish control of the assets to the buyer-lessor. Therefore, the Company accounted for the transaction as a failed sale-leaseback whereby the Company continues to depreciate the assets and recorded a financing obligation for the consideration received from the buyer-lessor.

NOTE 8 – LAND USE RIGHTS

Land use rights consisted of the following:

	As of
	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Land use rights, cost	$	4,342,437		$	4,410,224
Less: Accumulated amortization		(560,971	)		(547,677	)
Land use rights, net	$	3,781,466		$	3,862,547

As of March 31, 2020, there was land use rights with net book value of $3.78 million, which approximately were used as collateral for the Company’s short-term bank loans. As of December 31, 2019, there was land use rights with net book value of $3.86 million, which approximately were used as collateral for the Company’s short-term bank loans.

Estimated future amortization expense is as follows as of March 31, 2020:

Years ending March 31,	Amortization expense
2021	$	87,521
2022		87,521
2023		87,521
2024		87,521
2025		87,521
Thereafter		3,343,861
Total	$	3,781,466

F-20

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 9 – NOTES PAYABLE

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Bank acceptance notes	$	12,645,068	$	15,050,902
Total	$	12,645,068	$	15,050,902

The interest-free notes payable, ranging from nine months to one year from the date of issuance, were secured by $1.41 million and $3.59 million restricted cash, $11.78 million and $11.17 million notes receivable, and $0 million and $1.95 million land use rights, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

All the notes payable are subject to bank charges of 0.05% of the principal amount as commission, included in the financial expenses in the statement of operations, on each loan transaction. The interest charge of notes payable is free.

NOTE 10 – ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

Accounts payable are summarized as follow: 

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Procurement of Materials	$	17,363,431	$	14,248,095
Infrastructure & Equipment		400,696		381,843
Freight fee		206,598		83,070
Total	$	17,970,725	$	14,713,008

NOTE 11 – SHORT TERM BANK LOANS

Short-term loans are summarized as follow:

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Collateralized bank loans	$	17,308,155	$	16,144,892
Guaranteed bank loans		2,540,542		716,723
Total	$	19,848,697	$	16,861,615

Short-term loans as of March 31, 2020 are as follow:

Maturity Date	Type	Bank Name	Interest Rate per Annum (%)		March 31, 2020
Nov.26, 2020	Operating Loans	Agricultural bank of PRC		4.57	$	5,758,565
Dec.24, 2020	Operating Loans	Agricultural bank of PRC		4.70	$	6,891,928
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		5.45	$	2,117,119
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		4.40	$	1,129,130
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		4.80	$	705,706
Dec.15, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		5.45	$	1,411,413
Jan.10, 2021	Operating Loans	Bank of communications		4.79	$	705,706
Mar.16, 2021	Operating Loans	SPD Rural Bank of Xinchang		4.05	$	1,129,130
Total					$	19,848,697

F-21

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 11 – SHORT TERM BANK LOANS (CONTINUED)

Short-term loans as of December 31, 2019 are as follow:

Maturity Date	Type	Bank Name	Interest Rate per Annum (%)		December 31, 2019
Nov.26, 2020	Operating Loans	Agricultural bank of PRC		4.57	$	5,848,455
Dec.24, 2020	Operating Loans	Agricultural bank of PRC		4.70	$	6,999,513
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		5.45	$	2,150,168
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		4.40	$	1,146,756
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		4.80	$	716,723
Total					$	16,861,615

All short-term bank loans are obtained from local banks in PRC and are repayable within one year.

The average annual interest rate of the short-term bank loans was 4.7247% and 4.900% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company was in compliance with its loan financial covenants at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.  

NOTE 12 – OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Other current liabilities are summarized as follow:

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Employee payables		155,703		476,859
Other tax payables		234,028		439,398
Borrowing from third party		217,483		1,576,790
Others		771,317		593,812
Total	$	1,378,531	$	3,086,859

F-22

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 13 – OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

Other long-term liabilities are summarized as follow:

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Subsidy		2,331,591		2,178,548
Total	$	2,331,591	$	2,178,548

The subsidy mainly consists of an incentive granted by the Chinese government to encourage transformation of fixed assets in China and other miscellaneous subsidy from the Chinese government. As of March 31, 2020, grant income increased by $0.15 million, as compared to December 31, 2019. The change was mainly due to timing of incurring qualifying expenses.

NOTE 14 –LONG TERM PAYABLES

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Long-term payables current portion	$	2,562,321	$	2,654,230
Long-term payables– non-current portion		811,222		1,349,850
Total	$	3,373,543	$	4,004,080

On January 3, 2019, the Company sold a set of manufacturing equipment to third parties for aggregate proceeds of $3.08 million (RMB21.25 million) and the Company entered into lease agreements under which the Company agreed to lease back each of the properties for an initial term of 3 years. On April 26, 2019, the Company sold its equipment including the general assembly line and the differential assembly line to third parties for aggregate proceeds of $2.12 million (RMB14.66) million and the Company entered into lease agreements under which the Company agreed to lease back each of the properties for an initial term of 2 years. The Company determined it did not relinquish control of the assets to the buyer-lessor. Therefore, the sale of the goods does not qualify for sale-leaseback accounting. As a result, the aggregate proceeds have been recorded as a financing obligation and the assets related to the sold and leased manufacturing equipment remain on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet and continue to be depreciated. The current and long-term portions of the financing obligation are included within long-term payables-current portion and long-term payables-non-current portion, respectively.

NOTE 15 – STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY

Preferred Shares — The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of no par value preferred shares, divided into five classes, Class A through Class E, each with such designation, rights and preferences as may be determined by a resolution of the Company’s board of directors to amend the Memorandum and Articles of Association to create such designations, rights and preferences. The Company has five classes of preferred shares to give the Company flexibility as to the terms on which each Class is issued. All shares of a single class must be issued with the same rights and obligations. Accordingly, starting with five classes of preferred shares will allow the Company to issue shares at different times on different terms. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no preferred shares designated, issued or outstanding.

Ordinary Shares — The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of no par value ordinary shares. Holders of the Company’s ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each share. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were 10,021,142 and 10,006,142 ordinary shares issued and outstanding.

F-23

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 15 – STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY (CONTINUED)

On July 27, 2018, the Company consummated its initial public offering of 4,400,000 units, including a partial exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option in the amount of 400,000 units. Each unit consists of one ordinary share, no par value, one warrant to purchase one-half of one ordinary share and one right to receive one-tenth of one ordinary share upon the consummation of its initial business combination.

Simultaneously with the consummation of its initial public offering, the Company completed a private placement of 282,000 units, issued to Greenland Asset Management Corporation (the “Sponsor”) and Chardan Capital Markets, LLC.

In 2019, in connection with the Business Combination 3,875,458 redeemable shares have been redeemed and 81,400 redeemable shares have been converted into ordinary shares, 1,906,542 ordinary shares left upon consummation of the reverse recapitalization.

Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Greenland acquired from the Seller all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Zhongchai Holding in exchange for 7,500,000 newly issued ordinary shares, no par value of Greenland, issued to the Seller (the “Exchange Shares”). As a result, the Seller became the controlling shareholder of Greenland, and Zhongchai Holding became a directly and wholly owned subsidiary of Greenland. The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse merger effected by a share exchange, wherein Zhongchai Holding is considered the acquirer for accounting and financial reporting purposes. The recapitalization of the number of shares of common stock attributable to the purchase of Zhongchai Holding in connection with the Business Combination is reflected retroactively to December 31, 2017 and will be utilized for calculating earnings per share in all prior periods presented. The impact of the stock exchange is also shown on the Company’s Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

Pursuant to certain Finder Agreement with Hanyi Zhou, dated May 29, 2019, 50,000 newly issued ordinary shares were issued to Zhou Hanyi as the finder fee for the business combination.

In connection with the Business Combination, all the outstanding rights of the Company were converted into 468,200 ordinary shares on a one-tenth (1/10) ordinary share per right basis if holders of the rights elected to convert their rights into the underlying ordinary shares.

Pursuant to the Service Agreement entered into and by The Company and Chineseinvestors.com, Inc., an Indiana corporation (“CIIX”) on August 21, 2019 (the “Service Agreement”), CIIX were to provide certain investor relations services to the Company for a period of three months beginning on August 21, 2019. Pursuant to the Service Agreement, the Company were to pay CIIX fees consisting of three equal monthly instalments of $12,000 and 5,000 restricted ordinary shares, no par value, of the Company on a quarterly basis during the term of the Consulting Agreement. On February 24, 2020, Greenland and CIIX entered into a termination agreement (the “CIIX Termination Agreement”) to terminate their respective obligations under the Service Agreement. Pursuant to the CIIX Termination Agreement, the Company agreed to issue 5,000 restricted ordinary shares, no par value (the “CIIX Termination Shares”) to CIIX. Upon CIIX’s receipt of the CIIX Termination Shares, the Company will have fully satisfied its payment obligations under the Service Agreement.

Pursuant to the Investor Relations Consulting Agreement entered into and by The Company and Skyline Corporate Communication Group, LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability Company (“SCCG”) on August 15, 2019 (the “Consulting Agreement”), SCCG were to provide certain investor relations services to the Company for a period of twelve months beginning on August 15, 2019. Pursuant to the Consulting Agreement, the Company were to pay SCCG fees consisting of $5,000 per month and 1,250 restricted ordinary shares, no par value, of the Company on a quarterly basis during the term of the Consulting Agreement. On February 25, 2020, Greenland and SCCG entered into a termination agreement (the “SCCG Termination Agreement”) to terminate their respective obligations under the Consulting Agreement. Pursuant to the SCCG Termination Agreement, the Company agreed to issue 10,000 restricted ordinary shares, no par value (the “SCCG Termination Shares”) to SCCG. Upon SCCG’s receipt of the SCCG Termination Shares, the Company will have fully satisfied its payment obligations under the Consulting Agreement.

Rights — Each holder of a right will receive one-tenth (1/10) of one ordinary share upon consummation of a Business Combination, even if the holder of such right redeemed all Public Shares held by it in connection with a Business Combination. No fractional shares will be issued upon exchange of the rights. No additional consideration will be required to be paid by a holder of rights in order to receive its additional shares upon consummation of a Business Combination as the consideration related thereto has been included in the Unit purchase price paid for by investors in the Initial Public Offering. If the Company enters into a definitive agreement for a Business Combination in which the Company will not be the surviving entity, the definitive agreement provides for the holders of rights to receive the same per share consideration the holders of the ordinary shares will receive in the transaction on an as-converted into ordinary share basis and each holder of a right will be required to affirmatively convert its rights in order to receive the 1/10 of one share underlying each right (without paying additional consideration). The shares issuable upon exchange of the rights will be freely tradable (except to the extent held by affiliates of the Company).

If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period and the Company liquidates the funds held in the Trust Account, holders of rights will not receive any of such funds with respect to their rights, nor will they receive any distribution from the Company’s assets held outside of the Trust Account with respect to such rights, and the rights will expire worthless. Further, there are no contractual penalties for failure to deliver securities to the holders of the rights upon consummation of a Business Combination. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the rights. Accordingly, the rights may expire worthless.

As of December 31, 2019, all of the existing Rights were converted into 468,200 ordinary shares as a result of the Business Combination.

F-24

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 15 – STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY (CONTINUED)

Warrants — Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Public Warrants will become exercisable on the later of (a) the consummation of a Business Combination or (b) July 24, 2019. No Public Warrants will be exercisable for cash unless the Company has an effective and current registration statement covering the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants and a current prospectus relating to such ordinary shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a registration statement covering the ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of the Public Warrants is not effective within 90 days from the consummation of a Business Combination, the holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company shall have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise the Public Warrants on a cashless basis pursuant to an available exemption from registration under the Securities Act. If an exemption from registration is not available, holders will not be able to exercise their Public Warrants on a cashless basis. The Public Warrants will expire five years from the consummation of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may call the warrants for redemption (excluding the Private Warrants), in whole and not in part, at a price of $0.01 per warrant:

● At any time while the Public Warrants are exercisable,

● Upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each Public Warrant holder,

● If, and only if, the reported last sale price of the ordinary shares equals or exceeds $16.50 per share, for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the notice of redemption to Public Warrant holders, and

● If, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the ordinary shares underlying such warrants at the time of redemption and for the entire 30-day trading period referred to above and continuing each day thereafter until the date of redemption.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, extraordinary dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of ordinary shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants. Accordingly, the warrants may expire worthless.

The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that the Private Warrants and the ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of the Private Warrants are not transferable, assignable or saleable until 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

As of March 31, 2020 there were total 4,682,000 Warrants outstanding, including 4,400,000 Public Warrants held by CEDE & CO, and 22,000 and 260,000 Private Warrants held  by Chardan Capital Markets, LLC and Greenland Asset Management Corporation, respectively.

Unit Purchase Option

On July 27, 2018, the Company sold to Chardan (and its designees), for $100, an option to purchase up to 240,000 Units exercisable at $11.50 per Unit (or an aggregate exercise price of $2,760,000) commencing on the later of July 24, 2019 and the consummation of a Business Combination. The unit purchase option may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis, at the holder’s option, and expires July 24, 2023. The Units issuable upon exercise of the option are identical to those offered in the Initial Public Offering. The Company accounted for the unit purchase option, inclusive of the receipt of $100 cash payment, as an expense of the Initial Public Offering resulting in a charge directly to shareholders’ equity. The option and such units purchased pursuant to the option, as well as the ordinary shares underlying such units, the rights included in such units, the ordinary shares that are issuable for the rights included in such units, the warrants included in such units, and the shares underlying such warrants, have been deemed compensation by FINRA and are therefore subject to a 180-day lock-up pursuant to Rule 5110(g) (1) of FINRA’s NASDAQ Conduct Rules. Additionally, the option may not be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated for a one-year period (including the foregoing 180-day period) following the date of Initial Public Offering except to any underwriter and selected dealer participating in the Initial Public Offering and their bona fide officers or partners. The option grants to holders demand and “piggy back” rights for periods of five and seven years, respectively, from the effective date of the registration statement with respect to the registration under the Securities Act of the securities directly and indirectly issuable upon exercise of the option. The Company will bear all fees and expenses attendant to registering the securities, other than underwriting commissions which will be paid for by the holders themselves. The exercise price and number of units issuable upon exercise of the option may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or the Company’s recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the option will not be adjusted for issuances of ordinary shares at a price below its exercise price. As of March 31, 2020, there was no unit purchase option outstanding.

F-25

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 16 – EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company reports earnings per share in accordance with the provisions of the FASB’s related accounting standard. This standard requires presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share in conjunction with the disclosure of the methodology used in computing such earnings per share. Basic earnings per share excludes dilution, but includes vested restricted stocks and is computed by dividing income available to shareholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue ordinary shares were exercised and converted into ordinary shares. On October 24, 2019, the Company completed a reverse merger with Zhongchai Holding. The recapitalization of the number of shares of common stock attributable to the purchase of Zhongchai Holding in connection with the Business Combination is reflected retroactively to December 31, 2017 and will be utilized for calculating earnings per share in all prior periods presented. Pursuant to the CIIX Termination Agreement and the SCCG Termination Agreement, 5,000 and 10,000 restricted ordinary shares, no par value, were issued to CIIX and SCCG on March 12, 2020 and March 13, 2020 respectively.

The following is a reconciliation of the basic and diluted earnings per share computation:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Net income attributable to the Greenland Corporation and subsidiaries	$	256,664	$	1,542,194
Weighted average basic and diluted computation shares outstanding:
Shares issued in reverse recapitalization		10,006,142		7,500,000
Restricted stock grants		15,000		-
Weighted average shares of common stock		10,009,198		-
Dilutive effect of stock options		-		-
Restricted stock vested not issued		-		-
Common stock and common stock equivalents		10,009,198		7,500,000
Basic and diluted net income per share	$	0.03	$	0.21

NOTE 17 – GEOGRAPHICAL SALES AND SEGMENTS

All of the Company’s operations are considered by the chief operating decision maker to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.

Information for the Company’s sales by geographical area for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Domestic Sales	$	9,863,853	$	15,811,488
International Sales		8,214		-
Total	$	9,872,067	$	15,811,488

NOTE 18 – INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense includes a provision for federal, state and foreign taxes based on the annual estimated effective tax rate applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, adjusted for items which are considered discrete to the period.

The effective tax rates on income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was 13.04%. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was lower than the PRC tax rate of 25.0% primarily due to the China Super R&D deduction. The effective tax rate is based on forecasted annual results and these amounts may fluctuate significantly through the rest of the year as a result of the unpredictable impact of COVID-19 on its operating activities.

The effective tax rate on income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was 13.30%. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was lower than the PRC tax rate of 25.0% primarily due to the China Super R&D deduction.

The Company has recorded $0 unrecognized benefit as of March 31, 2020. On the information currently available, the Company does not anticipate a significant increase or decrease to its unrecognized benefit within the next 12 months.

F-26

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

NOTE 19 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 

Guarantees and pledged collateral for bank loans to other parties: 

(1) Pledged collateral for bank loans

On December 6, 2019, Zhejiang Zhongchai signed a Maximum Amount Pledge Contract with Agricultural Bank of PRC Co., Ltd. Xinchang County Sub-Branch (ABC Xinchang), pledging its land use rights for original book value of RMB11.08 million and property ownership for original book value of RMB35.12 million as security with ABC Xinchang, for its loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB48.83 million during the period from December 6, 2019 to May 21, 2022. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, outstanding amount of the short-term bank loan under this Pledge Contract was RMB48.83 million and RMB48.83 million. 

On November 28, 2019, Zhejiang Zhongchai signed a Maximum Amount Pledge Contract with Agricultural Bank of PRC Co., Ltd. Xinchang County Sub-Branch (ABC Xinchang), pledging its land use rights for original book value of RMB9.84 million and property ownership for original book value of RMB27.82 million, as security with ABC Xinchang, for its loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB40.80 million during the period from November 28, 2019 to December 26, 2022. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, outstanding amount of the short-term bank loan under this Pledge Contract was RMB40.80 million and RMB40.80 million. 

On December 17, 2019, Zhejiang Zhongchai signed a Maximum Amount Pledge Contract with Rural Commercial Bank of PRC Co., Ltd., pledging its land use rights for original book value of RMB4.75 million and property ownership for original book value of RMB11.28 million as security, for its loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB16.95 million during the period from December 16, 2019 to December 15, 2024. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, outstanding amount of the short-term bank loan under this Pledge Contract was RMB15.00 million and RMB15.00 million. 

On December 18, 2019, Zhejiang Zhongchai signed a Maximum Amount Pledge Contract with Rural Commercial Bank of PRC Co., Ltd., pledging its land use rights for original book value of RMB4.17 million as security, for its loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB8.00 million during the period from December 16, 2019 to December 15, 2024. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, outstanding amount of the short-term bank loan under this Pledge Contract was RMB8.00 million and RMB8.00 million. 

(2) Litigation 

On October 14, 2019, the plaintiff, the Company and all other named defendants in the Action entered into a confidential memorandum of understanding (the “MOU”), pursuant to which a Stipulation and Order of Dismissal (“Stipulation of Dismissal”) of the Action was filed on October 14, 2019. The Stipulation of Dismissal was approved and entered by the District Court on October 15, 2019.  Among other things, the Stipulation of Dismissal acknowledged that the Definitive Proxy Statement mooted the plaintiff’s claims regarding the sufficiency of disclosures, dismissed all claims asserted in the Action, with prejudice as to the plaintiff only, permits the plaintiff to seek an award of attorneys’ fees in connection with the mooted claims, and reserves the defendants’ rights to oppose such an award, if appropriate.  Pursuant to the MOU, the parties have engaged in discussions regarding the amount of attorneys’ fees, if any, to which the plaintiff’s counsel is entitled in connection with the Action. As of March 31, 2020, those discussions remain ongoing. 

Facility Leases 

The Company entered into a failed sale-leaseback transaction on January 3, 2019 and April 26, 2019. See further discussion in NOTE 14 –LONG TERM PAYABLES. 

Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the operating leases accordingly and the Company records the difference between cash rent payments and the recognition of rent expense as a deferred rent liability. 

The following are the aggregate non-cancellable future minimum lease payments under operating and financing leases as of March 31, 2020: 

Years ending March 31,	Amount
2021		2,661,866
2022		1,017,207
Total	$	3,679,073

F-27

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 20 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

(a) Names and Relationship of Related Parties:

	Existing Relationship with the Company
Sinomachinery Holding Limited	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Cenntro Holding Limited	Controlling shareholder of the Company
Zhejiang Kangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd.	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP)	Under control of Mr. Mengxing He, the General Manger and one of the directors of Zhejiang Zhongchai
Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership)	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Hangzhou Cenntro Autotech Co., Limited	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang

(b) Summary of Balances with Related Parties:

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Due to related parties:
Sinomachinery Holding Limited1	$	1,775,869	$	1,773,365
Zhejiang Kangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd2		64,505		64,505
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.3		507,436		207,177
Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.4		13,251		-
Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd.5		5,999		1,981
Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership)6		102,346		95,302
Cenntro Holding Limited7		1,339,654		1,339,654
Total	$	3,809,060	$	3,481,984

The balance of Due to related parties as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consisted of:

1 Advance from Sinomachinery Holding Limited for certain purchase order;

2 Temporary borrowings from Zhejiang Kangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

3 Unpaid balances for purchasing of materials and equipment and temporary borrowing from Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.;

4 Unpaid balances for purchasing of materials from Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.;

5 Prepayment from Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd.;

6 Temporary borrowings from Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership); and

7 Borrowings from Cenntro Holding Limited

F-28

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 20 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Due from related parties-current:
Cenntro Holding Limited	$	35,488,842	$	36,042,829
Total	$	35,488,842	$	36,042,829
Due from related parties-non-current:
Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP)		169,370		430,034
Total	$	169,370	$	430,034

The balance of Due from related parties as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consisted of:

Other receivable from Cenntro Holding Limited was $35.5 million and $36.0 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company expects the amount due from its  equity holder, Cenntro Holding will pay back  by the end of October 2020 in accordance with the original maturity date.

(c) Summary of Related Party Transactions:

A summary of trade transactions with related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are listed below:

		For the three months ended March 31,
		2020		2019
Purchases from related parties:
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.	Purchase of materials and equipment		305,793		4,232
Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.	Purchase of materials and equipment		13,354		-
Total			319,147		4,232
Sales to related parties:
Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd.	Provide service		29,191		40,577
Total			29,191		40,577

F-29

GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 20 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)

(d) Summary of Related Party Funds Lending:

 A summary of funds lending with related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are listed below:

Proceeds from related parties:	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.		355,586		1,119,503
Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP)		256,022		-
Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership)		8,575		-
Total		620,183		1,119,503
Repayment of loans from related parties:
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.		355,586		1,119,503
Cenntro Holding Limited		-		1,310,062
Hangzhou Cenntro Autotech Co., Limited		-		223,901
Total		355,586		2,653,466

e) Summary of Related Party dividend payment:

A summary of dividend payment to related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are listed below:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Dividend payment to related parties:
Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP)		-		164,257

Dividend was declared during the year 2018 and paid during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

NOTE 21 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The management has evaluated subsequent events through the date of the report, and there was no material subsequent event requiring adjustments to the financial statements or disclosure.  

F-30

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations relates to the operations and financial condition reported in the consolidated financial statements of the Company thereto, which appear elsewhere in this Report, and should be read in conjunction with such financial statements and related notes included in this Report. Except for the historical information contained herein, the following discussion, as well as other information in this Report, contain “forward-looking statements,” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. Actual results and the timing of the events may differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements due to many factors, including those discussed in the “Forward-Looking Statements” set forth elsewhere in this Report.

Impact of COVID-19

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus, commonly referred to as “COVID-19”, first found in mainland China, then in Asia and eventually throughout the world, has significantly affected business and manufacturing activities within China, including travel restrictions, widespread mandatory quarantines, and suspension of business activities within China. Effective February 3, 2020, the Company announced the temporary closure of its operating offices in Zhejiang Province, including suspension of its manufacturing activities in response to the emergency measures imposed by the local government. The Company’s operating subsidiaries were temporary shut down until the end of February 2020. The Company expects to delay its launch of robotic cargo carriers due to uncertainties of the market demand. Moreover, the outbreak has significantly limited suppliers’ ability to provide low-cost, high-quality parts and materials to the Company on a timely basis. Zhejiang Province, where we conduct a substantial part of our business, is one of the most affected areas in China.

Overview

The registrant was incorporated on December 28, 2017 as a British Virgin Islands company with limited liability. The registrant was incorporated as a blank check company for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more target businesses. Following the Business Combination (as described and defined below) in October 2019, the registrant changed its name from Greenland Acquisition Corporation to Greenland Technologies Holding Corporation (“Greenland”).

On July 27, 2018, we consummated our initial public offering of 4,400,000 units, including a partial exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option in the amount of 400,000 units. Each unit consists of one ordinary share, no par value, one warrant to purchase one-half of one ordinary share and one right to receive one-tenth of one ordinary share upon the consummation of our initial business combination, pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1. Warrants must be exercised in multiples of two warrants, and each two warrants are exercisable for one ordinary share at an exercise price of $11.50 per share. The units were sold in our initial public offering at an offering price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $44,000,000 (before underwriting discounts and offering expenses).

2

Simultaneously with the consummation of our initial public offering, we completed a private placement of 282,000 units issued to Greenland Asset Management Corporation (the “Sponsor”) and Chardan Capital Markets, LLC. for a gross proceed of $2,820,000.

On October 24, 2019, we consummated our business combination with Zhongchai Holding (the “Business Combination”) following a special meeting of the shareholders where the shareholders of Greenland considered and approved, among other matters, a proposal to adopt a share exchange agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”), dated as of July 12, 2019 by and among (i) Greenland, (ii) Zhongchai Holding, (iii) the Sponsor in the capacity as the purchaser representative (the “Purchaser Representative”), and (iv) Cenntro Holding Limited, the sole member of Zhongchai Holding (the “Zhongchai Equity Holder” or the “Seller”).

Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Greenland acquired from the Seller all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Zhongchai Holding in exchange for the issuance of 7,500,000 ordinary shares, no par value of Greenland, issued to the Seller (the “Exchange Shares”). As a result, the Seller became the controlling shareholder of Greenland, and Zhongchai Holding became a directly and wholly owned subsidiary of Greenland. The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse merger effected by a share exchange, wherein Zhongchai Holding is considered the acquirer for accounting and financial reporting purposes.

In connection with the Business Combination, all the outstanding rights of the Company were converted into 468,200 ordinary shares on a one-tenth (1/10) ordinary share per right basis if holders of the rights elected to convert their rights into the underlying ordinary shares.

On December 17, 2019, the Company’s warrants, which were trading under the ticker symbol “GTECW,” were delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market by the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Staff.

On January 14, 2020, Greenland Technologies Corp. was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware (“Greenland Tech”). Greenland Tech is the 100% owned subsidiary of the registrant. We aim to use it as the US operation site of the Company and promote sales of our robotic products for the North American market in the near future. Greenland Tech currently does not conduct any business activities.

Greenland serves as the parent Company for Zhongchai Holding (Hong Kong) Limited, a holding Company formed under the laws of Hong Kong on April 23, 2009 (“Zhongchai Holding”). Through Zhejiang Zhongchai Machinery Co., Ltd. (“Zhejiang Zhongchai”) and other subsidiaries, Greenland develops and manufactures traditional transmission products for material handling machineries in PRC, as well as develop models for robotic cargo carriers, which are expected to be produced in the near future in PRC.

Greenland, through its subsidiaries, is:

● A leading developer and manufacturer of traditional transmission products for material handling machineries in PRC; and

● A developer of robotic cargo carriers, which are expected to be available for commercial use in the near future in PRC.

Greenland’s transmission products are key components for forklift trucks used in manufacturing and logistic applications, such as factories, workshops, warehouses, fulfilment centers, shipyards and seaports. Forklifts play an important role in logistics systems of many enterprises across different industries in PRC and globally. Generally, the industries with the largest demand for forklifts include the transportation, warehousing logistics, electrical machinery and automobile industries.

Greenland has experienced decreased demand for forklifts in the manufacturing industry in the PRC, as its revenue decreased from approximately $15.81 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to approximately $9.87 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The revenue decline of approximately $5.94 million was primarily attributable to the COVID-19 outbreak during the three months ended March 31, 2020.  The Company’s subsidiaries in PRC were temporary shut down due to local governments’ mandate until the end of February 2020, resulting a significant decrease in the Company’s manufacturing activities during the period. Further, the COVID-19 outbreak had also caused a general decrease in customers’ demand of our products during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

3

Greenland’s transmission products are adopted by forklift trucks with weighted capacity ranging from 1 ton to 15 tons. These forklift trucks use either mechanical or automatic shift. Greenland sells its transmission products directly to forklift truck manufacturers. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Greenland sold 17,075 and 25,903 sets of transmission products, respectively, to more than 100 forklift manufacturers in aggregate in PRC.

Through Zhongchai Holding and its subsidiaries, we have leveraged our industry and market experience to develop robotic cargo carriers. Greenland completed a conceptual prototype of a robotic cargo carrier in 2018. Greenland also completed a production-ready sample in January 2020, which has been extensively tested. Greenland expects its first robotic cargo carrier to be a product with payload capacity of approximately 500 kilograms. Greenland believes that this product will be more cost effective than existing automatic guided vehicles in the market.

Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, there are uncertainties regarding the market demand of forklift trucks and robotic carriers. The management believes that COVID-19 may harm our overall financial performance in 2020. We have experienced declining demand of our transmission products from forklift truck market in the first quarter 2020. The Company expects a decline in transmission products’ sales. It also expects delays in launching our new robotic cargo carriers. Further, the outbreak has significantly limited our suppliers’ ability to provide low-cost, high-quality parts and materials to the Company on a timely basis. As a result, the Company’s manufacturing capability has been significantly affected during the first quarter of 2020. Subsequently, the Company’s business and results of operations have been significantly impacted during the period. Such conditions have also affected the Company’s liquidity and the Company has experienced a shortage in its cash flow during the period. However, the PRC government's tax deferral and reduction policies have eased the Company's cash flow pressure during the period.

During the first quarter of the fiscal year 2020, there has been no change to the Company's capital source or costs. Thus, the COVID-19 outbreak has not substantially affected the Company’s solvency. In the long run, management expects that the market's demand for our new robotic carrier will likely increase, which will enable our business operations to gradually achieve profitable growth.

Results of Operations

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

Overview

	For the three months ended March 31
	2020			2019			Change			Variance
Revenues	$	9,872,067		$	15,811,488		$	(5,939,421	)		(37.6	)%
Cost of Goods Sold		7,948,119			12,250,989			(4,302,870	)		(35.1	)%
Gross Profit		1,923,948			3,560,499			(1,636,551	)		(46.0	)%
Selling expenses		216,841			386,080			(169,239	)		(43.8	)%
General and administrative expenses		1,074,409			444,158			630,251			141.9	%
Research and development expenses		564,298			737,774			(173,476	)		(23.5	)%
Total Operating Expenses		1,855,548			1,568,012			287,536			18.3	%
Income from operations		68,400			1,992,487			(1,924,087	)		(96.6	)%
Interest income		33,310			64,931			(31,621	)		(48.7	)%
Interest expenses		(321,692	)		(356,544	)		34,852			(9.8	)%
Other income		597,252			292,861			304,391			103.9	%
Income before income tax		377,270			1,993,735			(1,616,465	)		(81.1	)%
Income tax		49,187			265,183			(215,996	)		(81.5	)%
Net income		328,083			1,728,552			(1,400,469	)		(81.0	)%

4

Components of Results of Operations

	For the three months ended March 31
Component of Results of Operations	2020		2019
Revenues	$	9,872,067	$	15,811,488
Cost of Goods Sold		7,948,119		12,250,989
Gross Profit		1,923,948		3,560,499
Operating Expenses		1,855,548		1,568,012
Net Income		328,083		1,728,552

Revenue

Greenland’s revenue was approximately $9.87 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing a decrease of approximately $5.94 million, or 37.6%, as compared to that of approximately $15.81 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The revenue decline of approximately $5.94 million was primarily attributable to the COVID-19 outbreak during the three months ended March 31, 2020. The Company’s subsidiaries in PRC were temporary shut down due to local governments’ mandate until the end of February 2020, resulting in a significant decrease in the Company’s manufacturing activities during the period. Further, the COVID-19 outbreak had also caused a general decrease in customers’ demand of our products during the three months ended March 31, 2020. On an RMB basis, revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased by approximately 34.5%, as compared to that for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

5

Cost of Goods Sold

Greenland’s cost of goods sold consists primarily of material costs, freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, internal transfer costs, wages, employee compensation, amortization, depreciation and related costs, which are directly attributable to the Company’s manufacturing activities. The write down of inventory using the net realizable value (“NRV”) impairment test is also recorded in cost of goods sold. The total cost of goods sold was approximately $7.95 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing a decrease by approximately $4.30 million, or 35.1%, as compared to that of approximately $12.25 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Cost of goods sold decreased due to our decrease in sales volume.

Gross Profit

Greenland’s gross profit was approximately $1.92 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing a decrease by approximately $1.64 million, or 46.0%, as compared to that of approximately $3.56 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Greenland’s gross margins were approximately 19.5% and 22.5%, respectively.

Selling Expense

Selling expenses mainly comprise of operating expenses (such as sales staff payroll), traveling expenses, and transportation expenses. Our selling expenses were approximately $0.22 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing a decrease of approximately $0.17 million, or 43.8%, as compared to approximately $0.39 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Our selling expense decreased due to our decrease in sales.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses comprise of management and staff salaries, employee benefits, depreciation for office facility and office furniture and equipment, travel and entertainment expenses, legal and accounting fees, financial consulting fees, and other office expenses. General and administrative expenses were approximately $1.07 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing an increase by approximately $0.63 million, or 141.9%, as compared to that of approximately $0.44 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Such increase was primarily attributable to depreciation expenses incurred from our new plant’s idle capacity in Meizhu and additional administrative expenditure from Zhongchai Holding.

Research and Development (R&D) Expenses

R&D expenses consist of R&D personnel compensation, costs of materials used in R&D projects, and depreciation costs for research-related equipment. R&D expenses were approximately $0.56 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing a decrease by approximately $0.18 million, or 23.5%, as compared to that of approximately $0.74 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Such decrease was primarily attributable to the COVID-19 outbreak during the three months ended March 31, 2020. The Company’s subsidiaries in PRC were temporary shut down due to local governments’ mandate until the end of February 2020, resulting a significant decrease in the Company’s R&D activities during the period.

Income from Operations

Income from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was approximately $0.07 million, representing a decrease of approximately $1.92 million, as compared to that of approximately $1.99 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Interest Income and Interest Expenses

Greenland’s interest income was approximately $0.03 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing a decrease of approximately $0.03 million, or 48.7%, as compared to that of approximately $0.06 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease in interest income was primarily due to the reason that less cash was deposited in banks during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

6

Greenland’s interest expenses were approximately $0.32 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing a decrease of approximately $0.03 million, or 9.8%, as compared to that of approximately $0.36 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction of our long-term loans by approximately $6.53 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to those for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Other Income

Greenland’s other income was approximately $0.60 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, an increase of approximately $0.30 million, or 103.9%, as compared to approximately $0.30 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.The increase was primarily due to exchange gain for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to those for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Income Taxes

Greenland’s income tax was approximately $0.05 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to that of approximately $0.27 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease was due to our PRC operating subsidiary, Zhejiang Zhongchai, obtained a “high-tech enterprise” status near the end of the fiscal year of 2019. Such status enables Zhejiang Zhongchai to enjoy a reduced statutory income tax rate of 15%, rather than the common PRC corporate tax rate of 25%. The “high-tech enterprise” status is reevaluated by relevant Chinese government agencies every three years. Zhejiang Zhongchai’s current “high-tech enterprise” will be reevaluated near the end of 2022.

Greenland’s other PRC subsidiaries are subject to different income tax rate. Shengte, the wholly owned subsidiary of Zhejiang Zhongchai, is subject to the 10% income tax rate for small and micro businesses. Hengyu, the 62.5% owned subsidiary of Zhongchai Holding, is subject to the 25% standard income tax rate. Hangzhou Greenland, the wholly owned subsidiary of Zhongchai Holding, is subject to the 25% standard income tax rate.

Greenland is a holding Company registered in the British Virgin Islands and is not subject to tax on income or capital gains under current British Virgin Islands law. In addition, upon payments of dividend to its shareholders, the Company will not be subject to any British Virgin Islands withholding tax.

On January 14, 2020, Greenland established its wholly owned subsidiary in the state of Delaware named Greenland Technologies Corporation (“Greenland Tech”). We aim to use it as the US operation site of the Company and promote sales of our robotic products for the North American market in the near future. Greenland Tech currently does not conduct any business activities. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. federal government enacted the 2017 Tax Act. The 2017 Tax Act includes a number of changes in existing tax law impacting businesses, including the transition tax, a one-time deemed repatriation of cumulative undistributed foreign earnings and a permanent reduction in the U.S. federal statutory rate from 35% to 21%, effective on January 1, 2018. ASC 740 requires companies to recognize the effect of tax law changes in the period of enactment, accordingly, the effects must be recognized on companies’ calendar year-end financial statements, even though the effective date for most provisions is January 1, 2018. Since Greenland Tech was established in year 2020, the one-time transition tax did not have any impact on the Company’s tax provision and there was no undistributed accumulated earnings and profits as of March 31, 2020.

Net Income

Our net income was approximately $0.33 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing a decrease of approximately $1.40 million, as compared to that of approximately $1.73 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Greenland is a holding Company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, our PRC subsidiaries are required to set aside at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until the total amount set aside reaches 50% of their respective registered capital.   Our PRC subsidiaries may also allocate a portion of their after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to employee welfare and bonus funds at their discretion. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends.

7

We have funded working capital and other capital requirements primarily by equity contributions, cash flow from operations, short-term bank loans and bank acceptance notes, and long-term bank loans. Cash is primarily used to purchase raw materials, repay debts and pay salaries, office expenses, income taxes, and other operating expenses.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has grown both in the United States and globally, and related government and private sector responsive actions have adversely affected the Company’s business operations. COVID-19 originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Effective February 3, 2020, the Company announced the temporary closure of its all operating offices in Zhejiang Province, including the manufactory in response to the emergency measures imposed by the local government to slow down the spread of COVID-19. Since the local government has imposed pandemic prevention policy, the subsidiaries were temporary shut down until the end of February 2020. The Company’s launch on robotic cargo carriers are also expected to be delay due to the uncertainty on customer demand. Moreover, the outbreak has significantly limited suppliers’ ability to provide low-cost, high-quality parts and materials to the Company on a timely basis. Zhejiang Province, where we conduct a substantial part of our business, is one of the most affected areas in China. The World Health Organization has declared Covid-19 to be a global pandemic, resulting in an economic downturn and changes in global economic policy that will reduce demand for the Company’s products and have an adverse impact on the Company’s business, operating results and financial condition.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company has paid off approximately $0.36 million related parties’ loan, approximately $2.84 million third parties’ loan, and approximately $2.19 million notes payable. The Company was able to maintain $ 6.69 million cash on hand as of March 31, 2020, which was partially due to the credit payment extension provided by certain key suppliers. The PRC government has provided financing subsidies to ease the local business-related financing conditions caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. We plan to maintain our current debt structure and we may adopt government sponsored subsidies if necessary.

The government’s subsidies for relieving economic strains brought by the COVID-19 outbreak mainly consist of favorable financial policies in facility and equipment upgrading and others. Historically, we have relied on other government subsidiaries such as industrial project subsidiaries of 2019, provincial subsidiaries for new product development, subsidiaries for product development based on new patents, incentives for economic development of 2018, and others. Our total government subsidies recorded under the long-term liabilities were $2.33 million and $2.18 million on March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The Company currently plans to fund its operations mainly through cash flow from its operations, renewal of bank borrowings, equity financing, and the continuing financial support from its shareholders and affiliates controlled by its principal shareholders, if necessary. The Company might implement a stricter policy on sales to less creditworthy customers and plans to continue to improve its collection efforts on accounts with outstanding balances. The Company is actively working with customers and suppliers and expects to fully collect the remaining balance.

Due from related party was $35.66 million as of March 31, 2020. We expect the amount due from our equity holder, Cenntro Holding, to be paid back by the end of October 2020. However, there is no guarantee that such amount will be repaid in whole or in part before the end of October 2020, if at all. Such failure to pay back by Cenntro Holding could have a material negative impact on our balance sheet.

We believe that the Company has sufficient cash, even though we expect that our revenue will decline due to uncertainty in the Company’s anticipated robotic carriers’ sale and decline in sales of our transmission products. However, we believe that our capital contribution from existing funding sources is sufficient for us to operate for the next 12 months. We remain confident about our capability to generate positive cash flow from our operations for the rest of 2020.

We may need additional cash resources in the future if the Company experiences failure in collecting receivables, changes in business condition, or other unexpected developments. We may also need additional cash resources in the future if the Company wishes to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, strategic cooperation or other similar actions. If the Company’s management and its Board determine that the cash required for specific corporate activities exceed Greenland’s cash and cash equivalents on hand, the Company may issue debt or equity securities to raise cash. 

8

Historically, we have expended considerable resources on building a new factory and paid off a considerable amount of debt, resulting in less available cash. However, we anticipate that our cash flow will continue to improve for the rest of the fiscal year 2020. We have completed Zhejiang Zhongchai’s new factory construction and the PRC government has provided subsidies to ease the local business-related financing conditions caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, we pledged the deed of our new factory as a collateral to banks to obtain additional loans, refinance expiring loans, restructure short-term loans, and fund other working capital needs upon acceptable terms to Greenland.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents refers to all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturity of three months or less. As of March 31, 2020, Greenland had approximately $6.69 million of cash and cash equivalents, representing an increase of approximately $4.57 million, or 215.28%, as compared to that of approximately $2.12 million as of December 31, 2019. Such increase was mainly attributable to the increase of accounts payable, as compared to that as of December 31, 2019.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents the amount held by a bank as security for bank acceptance notes and therefore is not available for use until the bank acceptance notes are fulfilled or expired, which typically takes less than twelve months. As of March 31, 2020, Greenland had approximately $1.60 million of restricted cash, representing a decrease of approximately $1.99 million, or 55.46%, as compared to that of approximately $3.59 million as of December 31, 2019. The decrease of restricted cash was due to the decrease of bank acceptance notes, as compared to their balance as of December 31, 2019.

Accounts Receivable

As of March 31, 2020, Greenland had approximately $12.39 million of accounts receivables, representing an increase of approximately $0.42 million, or 3.5%, as compared to those of approximately $11.97 million for the same period in 2019. Such increase was due to our slowed-down effort in receivables collections due to the COVID-19 outbreak.

Greenland recorded approximately $1.08 million of provision for doubtful accounts as of March 31, 2020. Greenland conducted an aging analysis of each customer’s delinquent payments to determine whether allowance for doubtful accounts is adequate. In establishing the allowance for doubtful accounts, Greenland considers historical experience, economic environment, and expected collectability of past due receivables. An estimate of doubtful accounts is recorded when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. When bad debts are identified, such debts are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. Greenland will continuously assess its potential losses based on the credit history of and relationships with its customers on a regular basis to determine whether its bad debt allowance on its accounts receivables is adequate. Greenland believes that its collection policies are generally in line with the transmissions industry’s standard in PRC.

Due from Related Party

Due from related party was $35.66 million and $36.47 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The current portion of due from related party was $35.49 million as of March 31, 2020, and the current portion of due from related party was $36.04 million as of December 31, 2019. We expect the amount due from our equity holder, Cenntro Holding, to be paid back by the end of October 2020. However, there is no guarantee that such amount will be repaid in whole or in part before the end of October 2020, if at all. Such failure to pay back by Cenntro Holding could have a material negative impact on our balance sheet.

9

Notes Receivable

As of March 31, 2020, Greenland had approximately $14.01 million of notes receivables, which will be collected by us within six months. The decrease of our notes receivables was approximately $2.15 million, or 13.29%, from that of approximately $16.16 million as of December 31, 2019. 

Working Capital 

Our working capital was approximately $23.83 million as of March 31, 2020, as compared to that of $24.25 million as of December 31, 2019, representing a decrease of $0.42 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020

Cash Flow

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	4,040,995		$	604,652
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	(141,861	)	$	92,049
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	(678,495	)	$	884,373
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	3,220,639		$	1,581,074
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	$	(642,434	)	$	157,851
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	$	5,717,207		$	8,968,177
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year	$	8,295,412		$	10,707,102

Operating Activities 

Greenland’s net cash provided by operating activities were approximately $4.04 million and $0.60 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the main sources of cash inflow from operating activities were net income, change in accounts payable, and notes receivable, with each amounted to approximately $0.33 million, $3.51 million and $1.92 million. The main causes of cash outflow were changes in inventories and accounts receivables, representing increases  of approximately $2.29 million and $0.67 million, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the main sources of cash inflow from operating activities were net income, inventories, and accounts payable, with each amounted to approximately $ 1.73 million, $1.54 million, and $1.41 million. The main causes of cash outflow were change in accounts receivables, representing increases of approximately $5.82 million.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities resulted a cash outflow of approximately $0.14 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was mainly due to $0.24 million proceeds from government grants for construction offset by approximately $ 0.38 million used for purchases of long-term assets .

10

Net cash provided by investing activities was approximately $0.09 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Cash provided in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was mainly attributable to approximately $0.33 million proceeds from government grants for construction, which was further offset by approximately $0.11 million and $0.13 million of cash used for purchasing long-term assets and land use rights.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities resulted a cash outflow of approximately $0.68 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, which was mainly attributable to approximately $3.27 million proceeds from short-term bank loans and approximately $1.50 million proceeds from third parties. Such amounts were further offset by repayment of loans lent by third parties for approximately $2.84 million, and repayment of notes payable for approximately $2.19 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $0.88 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, which was mainly attributable to repayment of short-term bank loans for approximately $7.46 million and repayment of loans lent by related parties for approximately $2.65 million. Such amounts were further offset by additional proceeds from short-term bank loans of approximately $8.05 million and proceeds from financing lease obligation of approximately $3.73 million.

Credit Risk

Credit risk is one of the most significant risks for Greenland’s business. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and derived from revenues earned from customers, thereby exposing Greenland to credit risk. Credit risk is controlled by the application of credit approvals, limits, and monitoring procedures. Greenland identifies credit risk collectively based on industry, geography, and customer type. This information is monitored regularly by the Company’s management. In measuring the credit risk of sales to customers, Greenland mainly reflects the “probability of default” by the customer on its contractual obligations and considers the current financial position of the customer and the exposures to the customer and its future development.

Liquidity Risk

Greenland is exposed to liquidity risk when it is unable to provide sufficient capital resources and liquidity to meet its commitments and/or business needs. Liquidity risk is managed by the application of financial position analysis to test if Greenland is in danger of liquidity issues and also by application of monitoring procedures to constantly monitor its conditions and movements. When necessary, Greenland resorts to other financial institutions to obtain additional short-term funding to meet the liquidity shortage.

Inflation Risk

Greenland is also exposed to inflation risk. Inflationary factors, such as increases in raw material and overhead costs, could impair Greenland’s operating results. Although Greenland does not believe that inflation has had a material impact on its financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on its ability to maintain current levels of gross margin and operating expenses as a percentage of sales revenues if the selling prices of its products do not increase with such increased costs.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In applying accounting principles, it is often required to use estimates. These estimates consider the facts, circumstances and information available, and may be based on subjective inputs, assumptions and information known and unknown to us. Material changes in certain of the estimates that we use could potentially affect, by a material amount, our consolidated financial position and results of operations. Although results may vary, we believe our estimates are reasonable and appropriate. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for a summary of our significant accounting policies. The following describes certain of our significant accounting policies that involve more subjective and complex judgments where the effect on our consolidated financial position and operating performance could be material.

11

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, the Company recognizes revenues when goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how revenues are recognized from contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five-step analysis: (i) identification of contract with customer; (ii) determination of performance obligations; (iii) measurement of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations, and (v) recognition of revenues when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. The Company derives revenues from the processing, distribution and sale of its products. The Company recognizes its revenues net of value-added taxes (“VAT”). The Company is subject to VAT which had been levied at the rate of 17% on the invoiced value of sales until April 30, 2018, after which date the rate was reduced to 16%. VAT rate was further reduced to 13% starting from April 1, 2019. Output VAT is borne by customers in addition to the invoiced value of sales and input VAT is borne by the Company in addition to the invoiced value of purchases to the extent not refunded for export sales.

Revenues are recognized at a point in time once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Control is typically deemed to have been transferred to the customer when the performance obligation is fulfilled, usually at the time of customers’ acceptance or consumption, at the net sales price (transaction price) and each of the criteria under ASC 606 have been met. Contract terms may require the Company to deliver the finished goods to the customers’ location or the customer may pick up the finished goods at the Company’s factory. International sales are recognized when shipment clears customs and leaves the port.

The Company has adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, using the transition method of Modified-Retrospective Method (“MRM”). The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on the Company’s beginning balance of retained earnings.

The Company’s contracts are all short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. Receivables are recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to consideration.

Business Combination

On October 24, 2019, we consummated our business combination with Zhongchai Holding (the “Business Combination”) following a special meeting of the shareholders where the shareholders of Greenland considered and approved, among other matters, a proposal to adopt an share exchange agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”), dated as of July 12, 2019 by and among (i) Greenland, (ii) Zhongchai Holding, (iii) the Sponsor in the capacity as the purchaser representative (the “Purchaser Representative”), and (iv) Cenntro Holding Limited, the sole member of Zhongchai Holding (the “Zhongchai Equity Holder” or the “Seller”).

Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Greenland acquired from the Seller all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Zhongchai Holding in exchange for the issuance of 7,500,000 ordinary shares, no par value of Greenland, to the Seller (the “Exchange Shares”). As a result, the Seller became the controlling shareholder of Greenland, and Zhongchai Holding became a directly and wholly owned subsidiary of Greenland. The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse merger effected by a share exchange, wherein Zhongchai Holding is considered the acquirer for accounting and financial reporting purposes.

Pursuant to certain Finder Agreement with Hanyi Zhou, dated May 29, 2019, 50,000 newly issued ordinary shares were issued to Zhou Hanyi as the finder fee for the business combination.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is based on estimated selling prices less any further costs expected to be incurred for completion and disposal. Cost of raw materials is calculated using the weighted average method and is based on purchase cost. Work-in-progress and finished goods costs are determined using the weighted average method and comprise direct materials, direct labor and an appropriate proportion of overhead.

12

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes following the liability method pursuant to FASB ASC 740 “Income Taxes”. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company also follows FASB ASC 740, which addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. The Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740 also provides guidance on recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. As of March 31, 2020, the Company did not have any liability for unrecognized tax benefits. It is the Company’s policy to include penalties and interest expense related to income taxes as a component of other expense and interest expense, respectively, as necessary. The Company’s historical tax years will remain open for examination by the local authorities until the statute of limitations has passed.

Emerging growth Company

Pursuant to the JOBS Act, an emerging growth Company is provided the option to adopt new or revised accounting standards that may be issued by FASB or the SEC either (i) within the same periods as those otherwise applicable to non-emerging growth companies or (ii) within the same time periods as private companies. We intend to continue to take advantage of the exemption for complying with new or revised accounting standards within the same time periods as private companies. Accordingly, the information contained herein may be different than the information you receive from other public companies. We also intend to continue to take advantage of some of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements of emerging growth companies pursuant to the JOBS Act so long as we qualify as an emerging growth Company, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation, and exemptions from the requirements of holding non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation and golden parachute payments.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

None.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

The Company is not required to provide the information required by this Item as it is a smaller reporting company.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

13

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of March 30, 2020, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based upon such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective. Such conclusion is based on the presence of the following material weakness in internal control over financial reporting for the three months ended March 31, 2020:

Accounting and Finance Personnel Material Weakness - As noted in Item 9A of our annual reports on Form 10-K for the preceding fiscal year, management concluded that in light of the inexperience of our accounting staff with respect to the requirements of US GAAP-based reporting and SEC rules and regulations, we did not maintain effective controls and did not implement adequate and proper supervisory review to ensure that significant internal control deficiencies can be detected or prevented.

As a result, the Company has developed a remedial plan to strengthen its accounting and financial reporting functions. To strengthen the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, the Company expects to implement the following remedial actions during fiscal year 2020:

● Developing and formalizing of key accounting and financial reporting policies and procedures;

● Training key position staff by US accountant with US corporate accounting experiences, and gaining additional knowledge and professional skills about SEC regulations and U.S. GAAP;

● Reviewing documented policies, procedures and controls related to the key processes we use to identify material information, prepare regulatory filings and other public documents, and communicate information to external parties to ensure they are complete and effective;

● Reviewing documented controls and procedures to ensure they are properly implemented and effective to enhance the overall completeness, accuracy, consistency and timeliness of our disclosures;

● Identifying and assessed key risks that may impact our ability to disclose material information and prepare regulatory filings that are complete, accurate, consistent and timely;

Inherent limitation on the effectiveness of internal control

The effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. Accordingly, any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute assurances. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. We intend to continue to monitor and upgrade our internal controls as necessary or appropriate for our business, but cannot assure you that such improvements will be sufficient to provide us with effective internal control over financial reporting.

Notwithstanding the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, the consolidated unaudited financial statements included in this Quarter Report on Form 10Q fairly present, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the most recently completed fiscal quarter, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

Management is not aware of any legal proceedings contemplated by any governmental authority or any other party involving us or our properties. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, no director, officer or affiliate is (i) a party adverse to us in any legal proceeding, or (ii) has an adverse interest to us in any legal proceedings. Management is not aware of any other legal proceedings pending or that have been threatened against us or our properties.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Not applicable to a smaller reporting company.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

There were no unregistered sales of the Company’s equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2020 that were not previously disclosed in reports filed with the SEC.   

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

No senior securities were issued and outstanding during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION.

None.

15

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS 

(a) Exhibits

Exhibit	Exhibit Description
3.1(2)	Memorandum and Articles of Association.
3.2(2)	Amended and Restated Articles of Association.
3.3(1)	Second Amended and Restated Articles of Association.
3.4(3)	Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, effective on October 24, 2019.
31.1*	Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

(1) Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on July 30, 2018.

(2) Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form S-1/A, filed with the Commission on July 16, 2018.

(3) Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 30, 2019.

* Filed herewith.

** In accordance with Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K and SEC Release No. 34-47986, the certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 herewith are deemed to accompany this Form 10-K and will not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certifications will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

16

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.  

	Greenland Technologies Holding Corp.
Date: June 29th, 2020	/s/ Raymond Z. Wang
	Raymond Z. Wang Chief Executive Officer and President

17

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

I, Raymond Z. Wang, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Greenland Technologies Holding Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 29, 2020

/s/ Raymond Z. Wang

Raymond Z. Wang

Chief Executive Officer and President
(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

I, Jing Jin, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Greenland Technologies Holding Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 29, 2020

/s/ Jing Jin

Jing Jin

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The undersigned hereby certifies, in his capacity as an officer of Greenland Technologies Holding Corporation (the “Company”), for the purposes of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of his knowledge:

(1) The Quarterly Report of the Company on Form 10-Q for the three months period ended March 31, 2020, (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: June 29, 2020

/s/ Raymond Z. Wang

Raymond Z. Wang

Chief Executive Officer and President
(Principal Executive Officer)

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code) and is not being filed as part of a separate disclosure document.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The undersigned hereby certifies, in her capacity as an officer of Greenland Technologies Holding Corporation (the “Company”), for the purposes of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of her knowledge:

(1) The Quarterly Report of the Company on Form 10-Q for the three months period ended March 31, 2020, (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: June 29, 2020

/s/ Jing Jin

Jing Jin

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code) and is not being filed as part of a separate disclosure document.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Jun. 29, 2020
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Greenland Technologies Holding Corp.
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity File Number	000-26731
Entity Central Index Key	0001735041
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		10,021,142
Entity Incorporation State Country Code	D8

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 6,694,870	$ 2,123,485
Restricted cash	1,600,542	3,593,722
Notes receivables, net of allowance for notes receivables of $11,154 and $15,338, respectively	14,008,952	16,156,692
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,078,664 and $1,037,797, respectively	12,393,086	11,971,889
Inventories (net of provision for slow moving inventory of $121,410 and $134,535, respectively)	12,102,779	9,972,877
Due from related parties-current	35,488,842	36,042,829
Advance to suppliers	58,548	50,664
Prepayments and Other current assets	216,585	327,555
Total Current Assets	82,564,204	80,239,713
Non-current asset
Property, plant, equipment and construction in progress, net	20,159,247	20,630,251
Land use rights, net	3,781,466	3,862,547
Other intangible assets	4,658	5,174
Due from related parties-non current	169,370	430,034
Deferred tax assets	553,110	513,805
Goodwill	3,890	3,890
Other non-current assets	670,703	798,429
Total non-current assets	25,342,444	26,244,130
TOTAL ASSETS	107,906,648	106,483,843
Current Liabilities
Short-term bank loans	19,848,697	16,861,615
Notes payable-bank acceptance notes	12,645,068	15,050,902
Accounts payable	17,819,509	14,713,008
Taxes payables	259,094	12,529
Customer deposits	263,092	132,194
Due to related parties	3,809,060	3,481,984
Other current liabilities	1,529,747	3,086,859
Long-term payable- current portion	2,562,321	2,654,230
Total current liabilities	58,736,588	55,993,321
Long-term liabilities
Long-term payables	811,222	1,349,850
Other long-term liabilities	2,331,591	2,178,548
Total long-term liabilities	3,142,813	3,528,398
TOTAL LIABILITIES	61,879,401	59,521,719
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
EQUITY
Ordinary shares, no par value: 10,021,142 and 10,006,142 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
Additional paid-in capital	15,269,485	15,226,685
Statutory reserves	3,926,827	3,866,574
Retained earnings	20,060,011	19,863,600
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(965,975)	(360,981)
Total shareholders' equity	38,290,348	38,595,878
Non-controlling interest	7,736,899	8,366,246
TOTAL EQUITY	46,027,247	46,962,124
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 107,906,648	$ 106,483,843

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Notes receivables, net of allowance for notes receivables	$ 11,154	$ 15,338
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts	1,078,664	1,037,797
Inventories net of provision for slow moving inventory	$ 121,410	$ 134,535
Ordinary shares, par value
Ordinary shares, issued	10,021,142	10,006,142
Ordinary shares, outstanding	10,021,142	10,006,142

XML

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]
REVENUES	$ 9,872,067	$ 15,811,488
COST OF GOODS SOLD	7,948,119	12,250,989
GROSS PROFIT	1,923,948	3,560,499
Selling expenses	216,841	386,080
General and administrative expenses	1,074,409	444,158
Research and development expenses	564,298	737,774
Total operating expenses	1,855,548	1,568,012
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS	68,400	1,992,487
Interest income	33,310	64,931
Interest expense	(321,692)	(356,544)
Other income	597,252	292,861
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX	377,270	1,993,735
INCOME TAX	49,187	265,183
NET INCOME	328,083	1,728,552
LESS: NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTEREST	71,419	186,358
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO GREENLAND TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES	256,664	1,542,194
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS):	(1,305,760)	883,088
Unrealized foreign currency translation income (loss) attributable to Greenland technologies holding corporation and subsidiaries	(604,994)	782,078
Unrealized foreign currency translation income (loss) attributable to Noncontrolling interest	(700,766)	101,010
Comprehensive income (loss)	(348,330)	2,324,272
Noncontrolling interest	(629,347)	287,368
WEIGHTED AVERAGE ORDINARY SHARES OUTSTANDING:
Basic and diluted	$ 10,012,131	$ 7,500,000
NET INCOME PER ORDINARY SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE COMPANY:
Basic and diluted	$ 0.03	$ 0.21

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Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Ordinary Shares No Par Value	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(loss)	Statutory Reserve	Retained Earnings	Non-controlling Interest	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018		$ 12,301,305	$ 173,881	$ 3,334,322	$ 15,931,196	$ 7,898,064	$ 39,638,868
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2018	7,500,000
Net income					1,542,194	186,358	1,728,552
Transfer to statutory reserve				164,296	(164,296)
Foreign currency translation adjustment			782,078			101,010	883,088
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019		12,301,305	955,959	3,498,618	17,309,194	8,185,432	42,250,508
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2019	7,500,000
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019		15,226,685	(360,981)	3,866,574	19,863,600		46,962,124
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2019	10,006,142
Restricted stock grants		42,800					42,800
Restricted stock grants, shares	15,000
Net income					256,664	71,419	328,083
Transfer to statutory reserve				60,253	(60,253)
Foreign currency translation adjustment			(604,994)			(700,766)	(1,305,760)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2020		$ 15,269,485	$ (965,975)	$ 3,926,827	$ 20,060,011	$ 7,736,899	$ 46,027,247
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2020	10,021,142

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$ 328,083	$ 1,728,552
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	562,048	507,758
Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts	57,258	73,896
Increase in allowance for notes receivable	(3,979)	(95,104)
Increase in provision for inventory	(11,143)	(86,949)
Deferred tax assets	(47,568)	47,157
Stock based compensation expense	42,800
Decrease (Increase) In:
Accounts receivable	(667,154)	(5,815,052)
Notes receivable	1,918,096	975,163
Inventories	(2,289,727)	1,540,885
Advance to suppliers	(8,730)	(132,558)
Other current and noncurrent assets	223,104	56,410
Increase (Decrease) In:
Accounts payable	3,510,842	1,408,588
Customer deposits	133,959	8,133
Other current liabilities	(328,334)	460,592
Income tax payable	248,669	27,291
Due to related parties	323,227	(10,449)
Long-term payables-Unamortized deferred financing costs	104,335	64,783
Other long-term liabilities	(54,791)	(154,444)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITES	4,040,995	604,652
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of Long term assets	(384,624)	(110,137)
Proceeds from government grants for construction	242,763	331,902
Purchases of land use rights		(129,716)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES	(141,861)	92,049
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from short-term bank loans	3,271,391	8,045,497
Repayments of short-term bank loans		(7,464,848)
Notes payable	(2,191,338)	(772,260)
Proceeds from related parties	620,183	1,119,503
Repayment of loans from related parties	(355,586)	(2,653,466)
Repayment of loans from third parties	(2,844,097)
Proceeds from third parties	1,498,686
Dividend paid		(164,257)
Proceeds received from financing lease obligation		3,731,677
Deposits for the financing lease obligation		(559,752)
Payment of principal on financing lease obligation	(677,734)	(397,721)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES	(678,495)	884,373
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH	3,220,639	1,581,074
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(642,434)	157,851
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR	5,717,207	8,968,177
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	8,295,412	10,707,102
Bank balances and cash	6,694,870	7,818,850
Bank balances and cash included in assets classified as restricted cash	1,600,542	2,888,252
Supplemental Disclosure Of Cash Flow Information
Income taxes paid	3,861	186,919
Interest paid	$ 298,337	$ 356,544

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Organization and Principal Activities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

Greenland Technologies Holding Corporation, formerly known as Greenland Acquisition Corporation ("Greenland" or the "Company"), was incorporated on December 28, 2017 as a British Virgin Islands Company with limited liability. The Company was incorporated as a blank check Company for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more target businesses. On October 24 2019, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Zhongchai Holding (Hong Kong) Limited via a reverse capitalization and changed its name from Greenland Acquisition Corporation to Greenland Technologies Holding Corporation.

Greenland serves as the parent Company for the primary operating Company, Zhongchai Holding (Hong Kong) Limited, a holding Company formed under the laws of Hong Kong on April 23, 2009 ("Zhongchai Holding"). Through Zhongchai Holding and other subsidiaries, Greenland develops and manufactures traditional transmission products for material handling machineries in PRC, as well as develop models for robotic cargo carriers, which are expected to be produced in the near future in PRC.

The Company's Shareholders

As of March 31, 2020, Cenntro Holding Limited owns 74.842% of Greenland's outstanding ordinary shares. Cenntro Holding Limited is controlled and beneficially owned by Mr. Peter Zuguang Wang, chairman of the Company.

The Company's Subsidiaries

Zhongchai Holding, the 100% owned subsidiary of the Company, owned 89.47% of Zhejiang Zhongchai Machinery Co., Ltd. ("Zhejiang Zhongchai"), 62.5% of Shanghai Hengyu Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd. ("Hengyu")  and 100% of Hangzhou Greenland Robotic Co., Ltd ("Hangzhou Greenland").

Zhejiang Zhongchai, the subsidiary of the Company, is the sole shareholder of Zhejiang Shengte Transmission Co., Ltd. ("Shengte"). It also owned 62.5% of Hengyu  until transferred its ownership to Zhongchai Holding on July 15, 2019.

Zhejiang Zhongchai

Zhejiang Zhongchai, a limited liability Company registered on November 21, 2005, is the direct operating subsidiary of Zhongchai Holding in PRC. On April 5, 2007, Usunco Automotive Limited ("Usunco"), a British Virgin Islands limited liability Company incorporated on April 24, 2006, invested $8,000,000 USD into Zhejiang Zhongchai for its approximately 75.47% interest. On December 16, 2009, Usunco agreed to transfer its 75.47% interest in Zhejiang Zhongchai to Zhongchai Holding. On April 26, 2010, Xinchang County Keyi Machinery Co., Ltd. transferred all its 24.528% interest in Zhejiang Zhongchai to Zhongchai Holding for a consideration of US$2.6 million. On November 1, 2017, Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP) ("Jiuxin"), an entity controlled and beneficially owned by Mr. He Mengxing, president of Zhejiang Zhongchai, closed its investment of approximately RMB31,590,000 in Zhejiang Zhongchai for 10.53% of its interest. As of March 31, 2020, Zhongchai Holding owns approximately 89.47% of Zhejiang Zhongchai and Jiuxin owns approximately 10.53% of Zhejiang Zhongchai.

Through Zhejiang Zhongchai, the Company has been engaging in the manufacture and sale of transmission systems mainly for forklift trucks since 2006. These forklift trucks are used in manufacturing and logistics applications, such as factory, workshop, warehouse, fulfilment centers, shipyards and seaports. The transmission systems are the key components for the forklift trucks. The Company supplies transmission systems to forklift truck manufacturers. Its transmission systems fit for forklift trucks ranging from 1 to 15 tons, with either mechanical shift or automatic shift. All the products are currently manufactured at the Company's facility in Xinchang, Zhejiang Province, PRC and are sold to both domestic and oversea markets. The Company has moved to its new factory in Meizhu, Xinchang, Zhejiang Province, PRC, in October of 2019.

Shengte

Shengte is a limited liability Company registered on February 24, 2006 in Xinchang High-Tech Industrial Park, Zhejiang, PRC.

Shengte manufactures parts of transmission boxes for Zhejiang Zhongchai. All parts were manufactured in the Company's Xinchang facility and were sold internally to Zhejiang Zhongchai. In January 2019 Shengte has stopped its business and transferred its most assets to Zhejiang Zhongchai and only maintain its employee social benefit function in the local region.

Hengyu

Hengyu is a limited liability Company registered on September 10, 2015 in Shanghai Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, and PRC. Hengyu holds no assets other than an account receivable owed by Cenntro Holding Limited. Main business of Hengyu are investment management and consulting services.

Hangzhou Greenland

Hangzhou Greenland is a limited liability Company registered on August 9, 2019 in Hangzhou Sunking Plaza, Zhejiang, PRC. Hangzhou Greenland is designed to open robotic cargo carrier business based on a conceptual prototype of a robotic cargo carrier developed by our R&D team in 2018.

Greenland Tech

On January 14, 2020, Greenland established its wholly owned subsidiary in the state of Delaware named Greenland Technologies Corporation ("Greenland Tech"). The Company aims  to use it as the US operation site of the Company and promotes  sales of  robotic products for the North American market in the near future. Greenland Tech currently does not conduct any business activities.

Details of the Company's subsidiaries, which are included in these unaudited  consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2020, are as follows:

Name	Domicile and Date of Incorporation	Paid-in Capital		Percentage of Effective Ownership			Principal Activities
Zhongchai Holding (Hong Kong) Limited	Hong Kong April 23, 2009	HKD	10,000		100	%	Holding
Zhejiang Zhongchai Machinery Co., Ltd.	PRC November 21, 2005	USD	28,612,943		89.47	%	Manufacture, sale of various transmission boxes
Zhejiang Shengte Transmission Co., Ltd.	PRC February 24, 2006	RMB	5,000,000		89.47	%	Manufacture and sale of parts of transmission box
Shanghai Hengyu Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd.	PRC September 10, 2015	RMB	251,500,000		62.5	%	Investment management and consulting services.
Hangzhou Greenland Robotic Technologies Co., Ltd.	PRC August 9, 2019	RMB	252,862		100	%	Manufactures and sales carrier cargo robotics.
Greenland Technologies Corporation	Delaware, USA January 14, 2020		USD 0		100	%	US operation and promote robotic enabled automated warehouse system for North American market

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Greenland Technologies Holding Corporation and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. Certain reclassifications to previously reported financial information have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization (the "Recapitalization Transaction") in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 805, Business Combinations. For accounting and financial reporting purposes, Zhongchai Holding is considered the acquirer based on facts and circumstances, including the following:

● Zhongchai Holding's operations comprise the ongoing operations of the combined entity;

● The officers of the newly combined company consist of Zhongchai Holding's executives, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel; and,

● The former shareholders of Zhongchai Holding own a majority voting interests in the combined entity.

As a result of Zhongchai Holding being the accounting acquirer, the financial reports filed with the SEC by the Company subsequent to the Business Combination are prepared "as if" Zhongchai Holding is the predecessor and legal successor to the Company. The historical operations of Zhongchai Holding are deemed to be those of the Company. Thus, the financial statements included in this report reflect (i) the historical operating results of Zhongchai Holding prior to the Business Combination; (ii) the combined results of the Company and Zhongchai Holding following the Business Combination in October 24, 2019; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Zhongchai Holding at their historical cost, and (iv) Greenland's equity structure for all periods presented. Zhongchai Holding received 7,500,000 shares of Greenland in exchange for all the share capital, which is reflected retroactively to December 31, 2017 and will be utilized for calculating earnings per share in all prior periods. No step-up basis of intangible assets or goodwill was recorded in the Business Combination transaction consistent with the treatment of the transaction as a reverse capitalization of Zhongchai Holding.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management makes these estimates using the best information available at the time the estimates are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 include allowance for doubtful accounts, reserve for inventories, useful life of property, plant and equipment, assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-term assets and valuation of deferred tax assets and accruals for taxes due.

Non-controlling Interest

Non-controlling interests in the Company's subsidiaries are recorded in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification 810 Consolidation ("ASC 810") and are reported as a component of equity, separate from the parent's equity. Purchase or sale of equity interests that do not result in a change of control are accounted for as equity transactions. Results of operations attributable to the non-controlling interest are included in our consolidated results of operations and, upon loss of control, the interest sold, as well as interest retained, if any, will be reported at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in earnings.

Foreign Currency Translation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars ("US$" or "$"). The functional currency of the Company is Renminbi ("RMB").  Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the functional currency rate ruling at the date of transaction. Any differences between the initially recorded amount and the settlement amount are recorded as a gain or loss on foreign currency transaction in the consolidated statements of operations.

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Period end RMB: US$ exchange rate		7.0851		6.7112
Period average RMB: US$ exchange rate		7.0307		6.6994

The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions  The PRC government imposes significant exchange restrictions on fund transfers out of the PRC that are not related to business operations.

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers", the Company recognizes revenues when goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how revenues are recognized from contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five-step analysis: (i) identification of contract with customer; (ii) determination of performance obligations; (iii) measurement of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations and (v) recognition of revenues when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. The Company derives revenues from the processing, distribution and sale of its products. The Company recognizes its revenues net of value-added taxes ("VAT"). The Company is subject to VAT which had been levied at the rate of 17% on the invoiced value of sales until April 30, 2018, after which date the rate was reduced to 16%. VAT rate was further reduced to 13% starting from April 1, 2019. Output VAT is borne by customers in addition to the invoiced value of sales and input VAT is borne by the Company in addition to the invoiced value of purchases to the extent not refunded for export sales.

Revenues are recognized at a point in time once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Control is typically deemed to have been transferred to the customer when the performance obligation is fulfilled, usually at the time of customers' acceptance or consumption, at the net sales price (transaction price) and each of the criteria under ASC 606 have been met. Contract terms may require the Company to deliver the finished goods to the customers' location or the customer may pick up the finished goods at the Company's factory. International sales are recognized when shipment clears customs and leaves the port.

The Company has adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, using the transition method of Modified-Retrospective Method ("MRM"). The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on the Company's beginning balance of retained earnings.

The Company's contracts are all short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. Receivables are recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to consideration.

Contracts do not offer any price protection, but allow for the return of certain goods if quality problem, which is standard warranty. The Company product returns and recorded reserve for sales returns were minimal for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The total rebates amount is accounting for around 0.43% and 0.56% of the total revenue of Greenland.

The following table sets forth disaggregation of revenue:

	For the three months ended March 31,
Major Product	2020		2019
Transmission boxes for Forklift		9,872,057		15,624,890
Transmission boxes for Non-Forklift (EV, etc.)		10		186,598
Total		9,872,067		15,811,488

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of material costs, freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, internal transfer costs, wages, employee compensation, amortization, depreciation and related costs, which are directly attributable to the production of products. Write-down of inventory to lower of cost or net realizable value is also recorded in cost of goods sold.

Selling Expenses 

Selling expenses include operating expenses such as payroll and traveling and transportation expenses. 

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include management and office salaries and employee benefits, depreciation for office facility and office equipment, travel and entertainment, legal and accounting, consulting fees and other office expenses.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and totaled approximately $564,298 and $737,774 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Government subsidies

Government subsidies are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with. When the subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match the subsidy on a systematic basis to the costs that it is intended to compensate. Where the subsidy relates to an asset, it is recognized as other long-term liabilities and is released to the statement of operations over the expected useful life in a consistent manner with the depreciation method for the relevant asset. Total government subsidies recorded in the other long-term liabilities were $2.33 million and $2.18 million at March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes following the liability method pursuant to FASB ASC 740 "Income Taxes". Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company also follows FASB ASC 740, which addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. The Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740 also provides guidance on recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company did not have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits. It is the Company's policy to include penalties and interest expense related to income taxes as a component of other expense and interest expense, respectively, as necessary. The Company's historical tax years will remain open for examination by the local authorities until the statute of limitations has passed.

Value-Added Tax

Enterprises or individuals, who sell commodities, engage in repair and maintenance or import or export goods in the PRC are subject to a value added tax in accordance with PRC Laws. The VAT standard rate had been 17% of the gross sale price until April 30, 2018, after which date the rate was reduced to 16%. VAT rate was further reduced to 13% starting from April 1, 2019. A credit is available whereby VAT paid on the purchases of semi-finished products or raw materials used in the production of the Company's finished products can be used to offset the VAT due on the sales of the finished products.

Statutory Reserve

In accordance with the PRC Regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment, an enterprise established in the PRC with foreign investment is required to provide for certain statutory reserves, namely (i) General Reserve Fund, (ii) Enterprise Expansion Fund and (iii) Staff Welfare and Bonus Fund, which are appropriated from net profit as reported in the enterprise's PRC statutory accounts. A wholly-owned foreign enterprise is required to allocate at least 10% of its annual after-tax profit to the General Reserve Fund until the balance of such fund has reached 50% of its respective registered capital. A non-wholly-owned foreign invested enterprise is permitted to provide for the above allocation at the discretion of its board of directors. Appropriations to the Enterprise Expansion Fund and Staff Welfare and Bonus Fund are at the discretion of the board of directors for all foreign invested enterprises. The aforementioned reserves can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during the year from transactions and other events, excluding the changes resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners, and is not included in the computation of income tax expense or benefit. Accumulated comprehensive income consists of foreign currency translation. The Company presents comprehensive income (loss) consists in accordance with ASC Topic 220, "Comprehensive Income".

Earnings per share

The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260 "Earnings per Share." Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic earnings per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential ordinary shares equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. On October 24, 2019, the Company completed a reverse merger with Greenland Acquisition Corporation whereby the Company received 7,500,000 shares in exchange for all the share capital, which is reflected retroactively to December 31, 2017 and will be utilized for calculating earnings per share in all prior periods. The per share amounts have been updated to show the effect of the exchange on earnings per share as if the exchange occurred at the beginning of both years for the annual financial statements of the Company. The impact of the stock exchange is also shown on the Company's Statements of Shareholders' Equity.

Pursuant to the CIIX Termination Agreement and the SCCG Termination Agreement, 5,000 and 10,000 restricted ordinary shares, no par value, were issued to CIIX and SCCG on March 12, 2020 and March 13, 2020 respectively, and will be utilized for calculating earnings per share in three months ended March 31, 2020 .

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For financial reporting purposes, the Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains no bank account in the United States of America. The Company maintains its bank accounts in PRC and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ("SAR"). Balances at financial institutions or state-owned banks within PRC and Hong Kong SAR are not covered by insurance. 

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents amounts held by a bank as security for bank acceptance bills, as well as the financial product secured for the short-term bank loan and therefore is not available for the Company's use until such time as the bank acceptance notes and bank loans have been fulfilled or expired, normally within a twelve-month period.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, to the financial instruments that are required to be carried at fair value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy based upon observable and non-observable inputs that prioritizes the information used to develop our assumptions regarding fair value. Fair value measurements are separately disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy.

● Level 1—defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

● Level 2—defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets, that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

● Level 3—defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The Company's financial instruments primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable, other payables and accrued liabilities, short-term bank loans, and notes payable.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other current assets and liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The estimated fair values of short-term bank loans were not materially different from their carrying value as presented due to the short maturities and that the interest rates on the borrowing approximate those that would have been available for loans of similar remaining maturity and risk profile. As the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of the fair value, these financial instruments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are carried at net realizable value. The Company reviews its accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, customer's historical payment history, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection. The Company only grants credit terms to established customers who are deemed to be financially responsible. Credit periods to customers are within 90 days after customers received the purchased goods. If accounts receivable are to be provided for, or written off, they would be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations within operating expenses. Balance of allowance of doubtful accounts was $1.08 million and $1.04 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is based on estimated selling prices less any further costs expected to be incurred for completion and disposal. Cost of raw materials is calculated using the weighted average method and is based on purchase cost. Work-in-progress and finished goods costs are determined using the weighted average method and comprise direct materials, direct labour and an appropriate proportion of overhead. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had reserves for inventories of $0.12 million and $0.13 million, respectively. The Company records inventory reserves for excess or obsolete inventories based upon assumptions about our current and future demand forecasts.

Advance to Suppliers

Advance to suppliers represents interest-free cash paid in advance to suppliers for purchases of parts and/or raw materials. The balance of advance to suppliers was $0.06 million and $0.05 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, and include expenditure that substantially increases the useful lives of existing assets. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance, which do not extend the useful life of the assets, are expensed as incurred.

Depreciation is provided over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives are as follows:

Plant, buildings and improvements	20 years
Machinery and equipment	2~10 years
Motor vehicles	4 years
Office Equipment	3~5 years
Fixed Assets decoration	5 years

When assets are sold or retired, their costs and accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the consolidated financial statements and any gain or loss resulting from their disposal is recognized in the period of disposition as an element of other income. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to income as incurred, whereas significant renewals and betterments are capitalized.

Land Use Rights

According to the PRC laws, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government. The land use rights granted to the Company are being amortized using the straight-line method over the lease term of fifty years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment periodically whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their related carrying amounts may not be recoverable in accordance with FASB ASC 360, "Property, Plant and Equipment".

In evaluating long-lived assets for recoverability, the Company uses its best estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and eventual disposition in accordance with FASB ASC 360-10-15. To the extent that estimated future, undiscounted cash inflows attributable to the asset, less estimated future, undiscounted cash outflows, are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference between the carrying value of such asset and its fair value. Assets to be disposed of and for which there is a committed plan of disposal, whether through sale or abandonment, are reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell.

There was no impairment loss recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Segments and Related Information

ASC 280 "Segment reporting" establishes standards for reporting information on operating segments in interim and annual financial statements. All of the Company's operations are considered by the chief operating decision maker to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment. 

The Company is engaged in the business of manufacturing and selling various transmission boxes. The Company's manufacturing process is essentially the same for the entire Company and is performed in-house at the Company's facilities in PRC. The Company's customers primarily consist of entities in the automotive, construction machinery or warehousing equipment industries. The distribution of the Company's products is consistent across the entire Company. In addition, the economic characteristics of each customer arrangement are similar in that the Company maintains policies at the corporate level. 

Commitments and contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and environmental claims arising out of the normal course of businesses that relate to a wide range of matters, including among others, contracts breach liability. The Company records accruals for such contingencies based upon the assessment of the probability of occurrence and, where determinable, an estimate of the liability. Management may consider many factors in making these assessments including past history, scientific evidence and the specifics of each matter. The Company's management has evaluated all such proceedings and claims that existed as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Normal course of businesses that relate to a wide range of matters, including among others, contracts breach liability. The Company records accruals for such contingencies based upon the assessment of the probability of occurrence and, where determinable, an estimate of the liability. Management may consider many factors in making these assessments including past history, scientific evidence and the specifics of each matter. The Company's management has evaluated all such proceedings and claims that existed as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Related Party

In general, related parties exist when there is a relationship that offers the potential for transactions at less than arm's-length, favorable treatment, or the ability to influence the outcome of events different from that which might result in the absence of that relationship. A related party may be any of the following: a) an affiliate, which is a party that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another party; b) a principle owner, owner of record or known beneficial owner of more than 10% of the voting interest of an entity; c) management, which are persons having responsibility for achieving objectives of the entity and requisite authority to make decision; d) immediate family of management or principal owners; e) a parent Company and its subsidiaries; and f) other parties that have ability to significant influence the management or operating policies of the entity. The Company discloses all significant related party transactions.

Economic and Political Risks

The Company's operations are conducted in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in the PRC, and by the general state of the PRC economy.

The Company's operations in the PRC are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. The Company's results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in the PRC, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts receivable. All of the Company's cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC, and none of these deposits are covered by insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. A portion of the Company's sales are credit sales which are primarily to customers whose abilities to pay are dependent upon the industry economics prevailing in these areas; however, concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivables is limited due to generally short payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers to help further reduce credit risk

Exchange Risk

The Company cannot guarantee that the current exchange rate will remain steady. Therefore, there is a possibility that the Company could post the same amount of profit for two comparable periods and yet, because of a fluctuating exchange rates, record higher or lower profit depending on exchange rate of PRC Renminbi (RMB) converted to U.S. dollars on the relevant dates. The exchange rate could fluctuate depending on changes in the political and economic environment without notice.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements that the Company has adopted or may be required to adopt in the future are summarized below:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13," Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments", to require financial assets carried at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected based on historical experience, current conditions and forecasts. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, in April 2019. To clarify that receivables arising from operating leases are within the scope of lease accounting standards. In October 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Leases (Topic 842), which defers the effective date for public filers that are considered small reporting companies as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Since the Company is a smaller reporting company, implementation is not needed until January 1, 2023. Adoption of the standard requires using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date to align existing credit loss methodology with the new standard. The Company is evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements, including accounting policies, processes, and systems, and expects the standard will have a minor impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04 (Topic 350) Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Under the amended guidance, a goodwill impairment charge will now be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. This ASU will be applied on a prospective basis and is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for any impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of the ASU 2017-04 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13 Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which eliminates, adds, and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements under ASC 820. This ASU is to be applied on a prospective basis for certain modified or new disclosure requirements, and all other amendments in the standard are to be applied on a retrospective basis. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted Topic 820 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of the ASU 2018-13 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

 In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, "Income Taxes" (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes ("ASU 2019-12"). ASU 2019-12 will simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company does not expect that the requirements of ASU 2019-12 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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Concentration on Revenues and Cost of Goods Sold

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

CONCENTRATION ON REVENUES AND COST OF GOODS SOLD

NOTE 3 – CONCENTRATION ON REVENUES AND COST OF GOODS SOLD

Concentration of major customers and suppliers:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020				2019
Major customers representing more than 10% of the Company's revenues
Company A	$	2,307,990	23.38	%	$	2,303,804	14.57	%
Total Revenues	$	2,307,990	23.38	%	$	2,303,804	14.57	%

	As of
	March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019
Major customers of the Company's accounts receivable, net
Company A		1,804,651	14.56	%		1,662,078	13.88	%
Company B		1,378,830	11.13	%		1,106,955	9.25	%
Company C		911,084	7.35	%		1,061,972	8.87	%
Total	$	4,094,565	33.04	%	$	3,831,005	32.00	%

Accounts receivable from the Company's major customers accounted for 33.04% and 32.00% of total accounts receivable balances as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

There were no suppliers representing more than 10% of the Company's total purchases for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Accounts Receivable

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Credit Loss [Abstract]

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

NOTE 4 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable is net of allowance for doubtful accounts.

	As of
	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Accounts receivable	$	13,471,750		$	13,009,686
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(1,078,664	)		(1,037,797	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	12,393,086		$	11,971,889

Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts are as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Beginning balance	$	1,037,797	$	906,138
Provision for doubtful accounts		40,867		94,289
Ending balance	$	1,078,664	$	1,000,427

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Inventories

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

INVENTORIES

NOTE 5 – INVENTORIES

	As of
	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Raw materials	$	4,511,796		$	3,626,104
Revolving material		615,842			744,887
Consigned processing material		44,235			63,608
Work-in-progress		1,450,531			1,465,767
Finished goods		3,434,271			3,084,128
Goods in transit		2,167,514			1,122,918
Less: reserve for inventories		(121,410	)		(134,535	)
Inventories, net	$	12,102,779		$	9,972,877

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Notes Receivable

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Receivable [Abstract]

NOTES RECEIVABLE

NOTE 6 – NOTES RECEIVABLE

	As of
	March  31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Bank notes receivable:	$	13,797,029	$	15,865,267
Commercial notes receivable		211,923		291,425
Total	$	14,008,952	$	16,156,692

Bank notes and commercial notes are means of payment from customers for the purchase of the Company's products and are issued by financial institutions or business entities, respectively, that entitle the Company to receive the full nominal amount from the issuer at maturity, which bears no interest and generally ranges from three to six months from the date of issuance.  As of March 31, 2020, the Company pledged notes receivable for an aggregate amount of $11.78 million to Bank of Communications and Bank of Hangzhou as a means of security for issuance of bank acceptance notes for an aggregate amount of $11.23 million. As of December 31, 2019, the Company pledged notes receivable for an aggregate amount of $11.17 million to Bank of Communications as a means of security for issuance of bank acceptance notes for an aggregate amount of $8.98 million. The Company expects collection of notes receivable within 6 months. Allowance for notes receivables as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $11,154 and $15,338 respectively, determined according to the collectability of commercial notes receivable.

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Property, Plant and Equipment and Construction in Progress

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS

NOTE 7 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS

(a) At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

	As of
	March  31, 2019			December 31, 2019
Buildings	$	11,391,549		$	11,188,399
Machinery		19,121,793			19,416,746
Motor vehicles		250,545			254,456
Electronic equipment		177,491			177,153
Total property plant and equipment, at cost		30,941,378			31,036,754
Less: accumulated depreciation		(11,022,764	)		(10,650,893	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	19,918,614		$	20,385,861
Construction in process		240,633			244,390
Total	$	20,159,247		$	20,630,251

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, depreciation expense amounted to $0.37 million and $0.69 million, respectively, of which $0.19 million and $0.51 million, respectively, was included in cost of revenue and inventories, and the remainder was included in general and administrative expense and research and development expenses etc.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $375,119 and $0 of construction in progress were converted into fixed assets.

Restricted assets consist of the following:

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Buildings, net	$	10,561,110	$	10,459,597
Machinery, net		8,608,059		9,066,066
Total		19,169,169		19,525,663

As of March 31, 2020, the Company pledged its buildings ownership of buildings for net book value of RMB74.83 million ($10.56 million) as security with ABC Xinchang and Rural commercial bank, for its loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB112.63 million.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company pledged its buildings ownership of buildings for net book value of RMB72.97 million ($10.46 million) as security with ABC Xinchang and Rural commercial bank, for its loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB112.63 million.

On January 3, 2019, the Company sold a set of manufacturing equipment to third parties for aggregate proceeds of $3.08 million (RMB21.25 million) and the Company entered into lease agreements under which the Company agreed to lease back each of the properties for an initial term of 3 years. On April 26, 2019, the Company sold various equipment including the general assembly line and the differential assembly line to third parties for aggregate proceeds of $2.12 million (RMB14.66 million) and the Company entered into lease agreements under which the Company agreed to lease back each of the properties for an initial term of 2 years. The Company determined it did not relinquish control of the assets to the buyer-lessor. Therefore, the Company accounted for the transaction as a failed sale-leaseback whereby the Company continues to depreciate the assets and recorded a financing obligation for the consideration received from the buyer-lessor.

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Land Use Rights

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Land Use Rights [Abstract]

LAND USE RIGHTS

NOTE 8 – LAND USE RIGHTS

Land use rights consisted of the following:

	As of
	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Land use rights, cost	$	4,342,437		$	4,410,224
Less: Accumulated amortization		(560,971	)		(547,677	)
Land use rights, net	$	3,781,466		$	3,862,547

As of March 31, 2020, there was land use rights with net book value of $3.78 million, which approximately were used as collateral for the Company's short-term bank loans. As of December 31, 2019, there was land use rights with net book value of $3.86 million, which approximately were used as collateral for the Company's short-term bank loans.

Estimated future amortization expense is as follows as of March 31, 2020:

Years ending March 31,	Amortization expense
2021	$	87,521
2022		87,521
2023		87,521
2024		87,521
2025		87,521
Thereafter		3,343,861
Total	$	3,781,466

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Notes Payable

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Payable [Abstract]

NOTES PAYABLE

NOTE 9 – NOTES PAYABLE

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Bank acceptance notes	$	12,645,068	$	15,050,902
Total	$	12,645,068	$	15,050,902

The interest-free notes payable, ranging from nine months to one year from the date of issuance, were secured by $1.41 million and $3.59 million restricted cash, $11.78 million and $11.17 million notes receivable, and $0 million and $1.95 million land use rights, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

All the notes payable are subject to bank charges of 0.05% of the principal amount as commission, included in the financial expenses in the statement of operations, on each loan transaction. The interest charge of notes payable is free.

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Accounts Payable

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

NOTE 10 – ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

Accounts payable are summarized as follow:

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Procurement of Materials	$	17,363,431	$	14,248,095
Infrastructure& Equipment		400,696		381,843
Freight fee		206,598		83,070
Total	$	17,970,725	$	14,713,008

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Short Term Bank Loans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

SHORT TERM BANK LOANS

NOTE 11 – SHORT TERM BANK LOANS

Short-term loans are summarized as follow:

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Collateralized bank loans	$	17,308,155	$	16,144,892
Guaranteed bank loans		2,540,542		716,723
Total	$	19,848,697	$	16,861,615

Short-term loans as of March 31, 2020 are as follow:

Maturity Date	Type	Bank Name	Interest Rate per Annum (%)		March 31, 2020
Nov.26, 2020	Operating Loans	Agricultural bank of PRC		4.57	$	5,758,565
Dec.24, 2020	Operating Loans	Agricultural bank of PRC		4.70	$	6,891,928
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		5.45	$	2,117,119
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		4.40	$	1,129,130
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		4.80	$	705,706
Dec.15, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		5.45	$	1,411,413
Jan.10, 2021	Operating Loans	Bank of communications		4.79	$	705,706
Mar.16, 2021	Operating Loans	SPD Rural Bank of Xinchang		4.05	$	1,129,130
Total					$	19,848,697

Short-term loans as of December 31, 2019 are as follow:

Maturity Date	Type	Bank Name	Interest Rate per Annum (%)		December 31, 2019
Nov.26, 2020	Operating Loans	Agricultural bank of PRC		4.57	$	5,848,455
Dec.24, 2020	Operating Loans	Agricultural bank of PRC		4.70	$	6,999,513
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		5.45	$	2,150,168
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		4.40	$	1,146,756
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		4.80	$	716,723
Total					$	16,861,615

All short-term bank loans are obtained from local banks in PRC and are repayable within one year.

The average annual interest rate of the short-term bank loans was 4.7247% and 4.900% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company was in compliance with its loan financial covenants at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

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Other Current Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

NOTE 12 – OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Other current liabilities are summarized as follow:

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Employee payables		155,703		476,859
Other tax payables		234,028		439,398
Borrowing from third party		217,483		1,576,790
Others		771,317		593,812
Total	$	1,378,531	$	3,086,859

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Other Long-Term Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Other LongTerm Liabilitie [Abstract]

OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

NOTE 13 – OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

Other long-term liabilities are summarized as follow:

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Subsidy		2,331,591		2,178,548
Total	$	2,331,591	$	2,178,548

The subsidy mainly consists of an incentive granted by the Chinese government to encourage transformation of fixed assets in China and other miscellaneous subsidy from the Chinese government. As of March 31, 2020, grant income increased by $0.15 million, as compared to December 31, 2019. The change was mainly due to timing of incurring qualifying expenses.

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Long Term Payables

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

LONG TERM PAYABLES

NOTE 14 –LONG TERM PAYABLES

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Long-term payables current portion	$	2,562,321	$	2,654,230
Long-term payables– non-current portion		811,222		1,349,850
Total	$	3,373,543	$	4,004,080

On January 3, 2019, the Company sold a set of manufacturing equipment to third parties for aggregate proceeds of $3.08 million (RMB21.25 million) and the Company entered into lease agreements under which the Company agreed to lease back each of the properties for an initial term of 3 years. On April 26, 2019, the Company sold its equipment including the general assembly line and the differential assembly line to third parties for aggregate proceeds of $2.12 million (RMB14.66) million and the Company entered into lease agreements under which the Company agreed to lease back each of the properties for an initial term of 2 years. The Company determined it did not relinquish control of the assets to the buyer-lessor. Therefore, the sale of the goods does not qualify for sale-leaseback accounting. As a result, the aggregate proceeds have been recorded as a financing obligation and the assets related to the sold and leased manufacturing equipment remain on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet and continue to be depreciated. The current and long-term portions of the financing obligation are included within long-term payables-current portion and long-term payables-non-current portion, respectively.

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Stockholder's Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY

NOTE 15 – STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY

Preferred Shares — The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of no par value preferred shares, divided into five classes, Class A through Class E, each with such designation, rights and preferences as may be determined by a resolution of the Company's board of directors to amend the Memorandum and Articles of Association to create such designations, rights and preferences. The Company has five classes of preferred shares to give the Company flexibility as to the terms on which each Class is issued. All shares of a single class must be issued with the same rights and obligations. Accordingly, starting with five classes of preferred shares will allow the Company to issue shares at different times on different terms. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no preferred shares designated, issued or outstanding.

Ordinary Shares — The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of no par value ordinary shares. Holders of the Company's ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each share. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were 10,021,142 and 10,006,142 ordinary shares issued and outstanding.

On July 27, 2018, the Company consummated its initial public offering of 4,400,000 units, including a partial exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option in the amount of 400,000 units. Each unit consists of one ordinary share, no par value, one warrant to purchase one-half of one ordinary share and one right to receive one-tenth of one ordinary share upon the consummation of its initial business combination.

Simultaneously with the consummation of its initial public offering, the Company completed a private placement of 282,000 units, issued to Greenland Asset Management Corporation (the "Sponsor") and Chardan Capital Markets, LLC.

In 2019, in connection with the Business Combination 3,875,458 redeemable shares have been redeemed and 81,400 redeemable shares have been converted into ordinary shares, 1,906,542 ordinary shares left upon consummation of the reverse recapitalization.

Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Greenland acquired from the Seller all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Zhongchai Holding in exchange for 7,500,000 newly issued ordinary shares, no par value of Greenland, issued to the Seller (the "Exchange Shares"). As a result, the Seller became the controlling shareholder of Greenland, and Zhongchai Holding became a directly and wholly owned subsidiary of Greenland. The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse merger effected by a share exchange, wherein Zhongchai Holding is considered the acquirer for accounting and financial reporting purposes. The recapitalization of the number of shares of common stock attributable to the purchase of Zhongchai Holding in connection with the Business Combination is reflected retroactively to December 31, 2017 and will be utilized for calculating earnings per share in all prior periods presented. The impact of the stock exchange is also shown on the Company's Statements of Stockholders' Equity

Pursuant to certain Finder Agreement with Hanyi Zhou, dated May 29, 2019, 50,000 newly issued ordinary shares were issued to Zhou Hanyi as the finder fee for the business combination.

In connection with the Business Combination, all the outstanding rights of the Company were converted into 468,200 ordinary shares on a one-tenth (1/10) ordinary share per right basis if holders of the rights elected to convert their rights into the underlying ordinary shares.

Pursuant to the Service Agreement entered into and by The Company and Chineseinvestors.com, Inc., an Indiana corporation ("CIIX") on August 21, 2019 (the "Service Agreement"), CIIX were to provide certain investor relations services to the Company for a period of three months beginning on August 21, 2019. Pursuant to the Service Agreement, the Company were to pay CIIX fees consisting of three equal monthly instalments of $12,000 and 5,000 restricted ordinary shares, no par value, of the Company on a quarterly basis during the term of the Consulting Agreement. On February 24, 2020, Greenland and CIIX entered into a termination agreement (the "CIIX Termination Agreement") to terminate their respective obligations under the Service Agreement. Pursuant to the CIIX Termination Agreement, the Company agreed to issue 5,000 restricted ordinary shares, no par value (the "CIIX Termination Shares") to CIIX. Upon CIIX's receipt of the CIIX Termination Shares, the Company will have fully satisfied its payment obligations under the Service Agreement.

Pursuant to the Investor Relations Consulting Agreement entered into and by The Company and Skyline Corporate Communication Group, LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability Company ("SCCG") on August 15, 2019 (the "Consulting Agreement"), SCCG were to provide certain investor relations services to the Company for a period of twelve months beginning on August 15, 2019. Pursuant to the Consulting Agreement, the Company were to pay SCCG fees consisting of $5,000 per month and 1,250 restricted ordinary shares, no par value, of the Company on a quarterly basis during the term of the Consulting Agreement. On February 25, 2020, Greenland and SCCG entered into a termination agreement (the "SCCG Termination Agreement") to terminate their respective obligations under the Consulting Agreement. Pursuant to the SCCG Termination Agreement, the Company agreed to issue 10,000 restricted ordinary shares, no par value (the "SCCG Termination Shares") to SCCG. Upon SCCG's receipt of the SCCG Termination Shares, the Company will have fully satisfied its payment obligations under the Consulting Agreement.

Rights — Each holder of a right will receive one-tenth (1/10) of one ordinary share upon consummation of a Business Combination, even if the holder of such right redeemed all Public Shares held by it in connection with a Business Combination. No fractional shares will be issued upon exchange of the rights. No additional consideration will be required to be paid by a holder of rights in order to receive its additional shares upon consummation of a Business Combination as the consideration related thereto has been included in the Unit purchase price paid for by investors in the Initial Public Offering. If the Company enters into a definitive agreement for a Business Combination in which the Company will not be the surviving entity, the definitive agreement provides for the holders of rights to receive the same per share consideration the holders of the ordinary shares will receive in the transaction on an as-converted into ordinary share basis and each holder of a right will be required to affirmatively convert its rights in order to receive the 1/10 of one share underlying each right (without paying additional consideration). The shares issuable upon exchange of the rights will be freely tradable (except to the extent held by affiliates of the Company).

If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period and the Company liquidates the funds held in the Trust Account, holders of rights will not receive any of such funds with respect to their rights, nor will they receive any distribution from the Company's assets held outside of the Trust Account with respect to such rights, and the rights will expire worthless. Further, there are no contractual penalties for failure to deliver securities to the holders of the rights upon consummation of a Business Combination. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the rights. Accordingly, the rights may expire worthless.

As of December 31, 2019, all of the existing Rights were converted into 468,200 ordinary shares as a result of the Business Combination.

Warrants — Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Public Warrants will become exercisable on the later of (a) the consummation of a Business Combination or (b) July 24, 2019. No Public Warrants will be exercisable for cash unless the Company has an effective and current registration statement covering the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants and a current prospectus relating to such ordinary shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a registration statement covering the ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of the Public Warrants is not effective within 90 days from the consummation of a Business Combination, the holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company shall have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise the Public Warrants on a cashless basis pursuant to an available exemption from registration under the Securities Act. If an exemption from registration is not available, holders will not be able to exercise their Public Warrants on a cashless basis. The Public Warrants will expire five years from the consummation of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may call the warrants for redemption (excluding the Private Warrants), in whole and not in part, at a price of $0.01 per warrant:

● At any time while the Public Warrants are exercisable,

● Upon not less than 30 days' prior written notice of redemption to each Public Warrant holder,

● If, and only if, the reported last sale price of the ordinary shares equals or exceeds $16.50 per share, for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the notice of redemption to Public Warrant holders, and

● If, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the ordinary shares underlying such warrants at the time of redemption and for the entire 30-day trading period referred to above and continuing each day thereafter until the date of redemption.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a "cashless basis," as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, extraordinary dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of ordinary shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants. Accordingly, the warrants may expire worthless.

The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that the Private Warrants and the ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of the Private Warrants are not transferable, assignable or saleable until 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

As of March 31, 2020 there were total 4,682,000 Warrants outstanding, including 4,400,000 Public Warrants held by CEDE & CO, and 22,000 and 260,000 Private Warrants held  by Chardan Capital Markets, LLC and Greenland Asset Management Corporation, respectively.

Unit Purchase Option

On July 27, 2018, the Company sold to Chardan (and its designees), for $100, an option to purchase up to 240,000 Units exercisable at $11.50 per Unit (or an aggregate exercise price of $2,760,000) commencing on the later of July 24, 2019 and the consummation of a Business Combination. The unit purchase option may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis, at the holder's option, and expires July 24, 2023. The Units issuable upon exercise of the option are identical to those offered in the Initial Public Offering. The Company accounted for the unit purchase option, inclusive of the receipt of $100 cash payment, as an expense of the Initial Public Offering resulting in a charge directly to shareholders' equity. The option and such units purchased pursuant to the option, as well as the ordinary shares underlying such units, the rights included in such units, the ordinary shares that are issuable for the rights included in such units, the warrants included in such units, and the shares underlying such warrants, have been deemed compensation by FINRA and are therefore subject to a 180-day lock-up pursuant to Rule 5110(g) (1) of FINRA's NASDAQ Conduct Rules. Additionally, the option may not be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated for a one-year period (including the foregoing 180-day period) following the date of Initial Public Offering except to any underwriter and selected dealer participating in the Initial Public Offering and their bona fide officers or partners. The option grants to holders demand and "piggy back" rights for periods of five and seven years, respectively, from the effective date of the registration statement with respect to the registration under the Securities Act of the securities directly and indirectly issuable upon exercise of the option. The Company will bear all fees and expenses attendant to registering the securities, other than underwriting commissions which will be paid for by the holders themselves. The exercise price and number of units issuable upon exercise of the option may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or the Company's recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the option will not be adjusted for issuances of ordinary shares at a price below its exercise price. As of March 31, 2020, there was no unit purchase option outstanding.

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Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

EARNINGS PER SHARE

NOTE 16 – EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company reports earnings per share in accordance with the provisions of the FASB's related accounting standard. This standard requires presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share in conjunction with the disclosure of the methodology used in computing such earnings per share. Basic earnings per share excludes dilution, but includes vested restricted stocks and is computed by dividing income available to shareholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue ordinary shares were exercised and converted into ordinary shares. On October 24, 2019, the Company completed a reverse merger with Zhongchai Holding. The recapitalization of the number of shares of common stock attributable to the purchase of Zhongchai Holding in connection with the Business Combination is reflected retroactively to December 31, 2017 and will be utilized for calculating earnings per share in all prior periods presented. Pursuant to the CIIX Termination Agreement and the SCCG Termination Agreement, 5,000 and 10,000 restricted ordinary shares, no par value, were issued to CIIX and SCCG on March 12, 2020 and March 13, 2020 respectively.

The following is a reconciliation of the basic and diluted earnings per share computation:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Net income attributable to the Greenland Corporation and subsidiaries	$	256,664	$	1,542,194
Weighted average basic and diluted computation shares outstanding:
Shares issued in reverse recapitalization		10,006,142		7,500,000
Restricted stock grants		15,000		-
Weighted average shares of common stock		10,009,198		-
Dilutive effect of stock options		-		-
Restricted stock vested not issued		-		-
Common stock and common stock equivalents		10,009,198		7,500,000
Basic and diluted net income per share	$	0.03	$	0.21

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Geographical Sales and Segments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segments, Geographical Areas [Abstract]

GEOGRAPHICAL SALES AND SEGMENTS

NOTE 17 – GEOGRAPHICAL SALES AND SEGMENTS

All of the Company's operations are considered by the chief operating decision maker to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.

Information for the Company's sales by geographical area for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Domestic Sales	$	9,863,853	$	15,811,488
International Sales		8,214		-
Total	$	9,872,067	$	15,811,488

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Income Taxes [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

NOTE 18 – INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense includes a provision for federal, state and foreign taxes based on the annual estimated effective tax rate applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, adjusted for items which are considered discrete to the period.

The effective tax rates on income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was 13.04%. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was lower than the PRC tax rate of 25.0% primarily due to the China Super R&D deduction. The effective tax rate is based on forecasted annual results and these amounts may fluctuate significantly through the rest of the year as a result of the unpredictable impact of COVID-19 on its operating activities.

The effective tax rate on income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was 13.30%. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was lower than the PRC tax rate of 25.0% primarily due to the China Super R&D deduction.

The Company has recorded $0 unrecognized benefit as of March 31, 2020. On the information currently available, the Company does not anticipate a significant increase or decrease to its unrecognized benefit within the next 12 months.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

NOTE 19 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 

Guarantees and pledged collateral for bank loans to other parties: 

(1) Pledged collateral for bank loans

On December 6, 2019, Zhejiang Zhongchai signed a Maximum Amount Pledge Contract with Agricultural Bank of PRC Co., Ltd. Xinchang County Sub-Branch (ABC Xinchang), pledging its land use rights for original book value of RMB11.08 million and property ownership for original book value of RMB35.12 million as security with ABC Xinchang, for its loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB48.83 million during the period from December 6, 2019 to May 21, 2022. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, outstanding amount of the short-term bank loan under this Pledge Contract was RMB48.83 million and RMB48.83 million. 

On November 28, 2019, Zhejiang Zhongchai signed a Maximum Amount Pledge Contract with Agricultural Bank of PRC Co., Ltd. Xinchang County Sub-Branch (ABC Xinchang), pledging its land use rights for original book value of RMB9.84 million and property ownership for original book value of RMB27.82 million, as security with ABC Xinchang, for its loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB40.80 million during the period from November 28, 2019 to December 26, 2022. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, outstanding amount of the short-term bank loan under this Pledge Contract was RMB40.80 million and RMB40.80 million. 

On December 17, 2019, Zhejiang Zhongchai signed a Maximum Amount Pledge Contract with Rural Commercial Bank of PRC Co., Ltd., pledging its land use rights for original book value of RMB4.75 million and property ownership for original book value of RMB11.28 million as security, for its loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB16.95 million during the period from December 16, 2019 to December 15, 2024. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, outstanding amount of the short-term bank loan under this Pledge Contract was RMB15.00 million and RMB15.00 million. 

On December 18, 2019, Zhejiang Zhongchai signed a Maximum Amount Pledge Contract with Rural Commercial Bank of PRC Co., Ltd., pledging its land use rights for original book value of RMB4.17 million as security, for its loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB8.00 million during the period from December 16, 2019 to December 15, 2024. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, outstanding amount of the short-term bank loan under this Pledge Contract was RMB8.00 million and RMB8.00 million. 

(2) Litigation 

On October 14, 2019, the plaintiff, the Company and all other named defendants in the Action entered into a confidential memorandum of understanding (the "MOU"), pursuant to which a Stipulation and Order of Dismissal ("Stipulation of Dismissal") of the Action was filed on October 14, 2019. The Stipulation of Dismissal was approved and entered by the District Court on October 15, 2019.  Among other things, the Stipulation of Dismissal acknowledged that the Definitive Proxy Statement mooted the plaintiff's claims regarding the sufficiency of disclosures, dismissed all claims asserted in the Action, with prejudice as to the plaintiff only, permits the plaintiff to seek an award of attorneys' fees in connection with the mooted claims, and reserves the defendants' rights to oppose such an award, if appropriate.  Pursuant to the MOU, the parties have engaged in discussions regarding the amount of attorneys' fees, if any, to which the plaintiff's counsel is entitled in connection with the Action. As of March 31, 2020, those discussions remain ongoing. 

Facility Leases 

The Company entered into a failed sale-leaseback transaction on January 3, 2019 and April 26, 2019. See further discussion in NOTE 14 –LONG TERM PAYABLES. 

Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the operating leases accordingly and the Company records the difference between cash rent payments and the recognition of rent expense as a deferred rent liability. 

The following are the aggregate non-cancellable future minimum lease payments under operating and financing leases as of March 31, 2020: 

Years ending March 31,	Amount
2021		2,661,866
2022		1,017,207
Total	$	3,679,073

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Related Party Transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

NOTE 20 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

(a) Names and Relationship of Related Parties:

	Existing Relationship with the Company
Sinomachinery Holding Limited	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Cenntro Holding Limited	Controlling shareholder of the Company
Zhejiang Kangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd.	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP)	Under control of Mr. Mengxing He, the General Manger and one of the directors of Zhejiang Zhongchai
Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership)	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Hangzhou Cenntro Autotech Co., Limited	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang

(b) Summary of Balances with Related Parties:

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Due to related parties:
Sinomachinery Holding Limited1	$	1,775,869	$	1,773,365
Zhejiang Kangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd2		64,505		64,505
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.3		507,436		207,177
Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.4		13,251		-
Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd.5		5,999		1,981
Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership)6		102,346		95,302
Cenntro Holding Limited7		1,339,654		1,339,654
Total	$	3,809,060	$	3,481,984

The balance of Due to related parties as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consisted of:

1 Advance from Sinomachinery Holding Limited for certain purchase order;

2 Temporary borrowings from Zhejiang Kangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

3 Unpaid balances for purchasing of materials and equipment and temporary borrowing from Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.;

4 Unpaid balances for purchasing of materials from Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.;

5 Prepayment from Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd.;

6 Temporary borrowings from Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership); and

7 Borrowings from Cenntro Holding Limited

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Due from related parties-current:
Cenntro Holding Limited	$	35,488,842	$	36,042,829
Total	$	35,488,842	$	36,042,829
Due from related parties-non-current:
Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP)		169,370		430,034
Total	$	169,370	$	430,034

The balance of Due from related parties as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consisted of:

Other receivable from Cenntro Holding Limited was $35.5 million and $36.0 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company expects the amount due from its  equity holder, Cenntro Holding will pay back  by the end of October 2020 in accordance with the original maturity date.

(c) Summary of Related Party Transactions:

A summary of trade transactions with related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are listed below:

		For the three months ended March 31,
		2020		2019
Purchases from related parties:
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.	Purchase of materials and equipment		305,793		4,232
Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.	Purchase of materials and equipment		13,354		-
Total			319,147		4,232
Sales to related parties:
Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd.	Provide service		29,191		40,577
Total			29,191		40,577

(d) Summary of Related Party Funds Lending:

 A summary of funds lending with related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are listed below:

Proceeds from related parties:	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.		355,586		1,119,503
Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP)		256,022		-
Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership)		8,575		-
Total		620,183		1,119,503
Repayment of loans from related parties:
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.		355,586		1,119,503
Cenntro Holding Limited		-		1,310,062
Hangzhou Cenntro Autotech Co., Limited		-		223,901
Total		355,586		2,653,466

e) Summary of Related Party dividend payment:

A summary of dividend payment to related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are listed below:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Dividend payment to related parties:
Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP)		-		164,257

Dividend was declared during the year 2018 and paid during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

NOTE 21 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The management has evaluated subsequent events through the date of the report, and there was no material subsequent event requiring adjustments to the financial statements or disclosure.  

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Greenland Technologies Holding Corporation and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. Certain reclassifications to previously reported financial information have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization (the "Recapitalization Transaction") in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 805, Business Combinations. For accounting and financial reporting purposes, Zhongchai Holding is considered the acquirer based on facts and circumstances, including the following:

● Zhongchai Holding's operations comprise the ongoing operations of the combined entity;

● The officers of the newly combined company consist of Zhongchai Holding's executives, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel; and,

● The former shareholders of Zhongchai Holding own a majority voting interests in the combined entity.

As a result of Zhongchai Holding being the accounting acquirer, the financial reports filed with the SEC by the Company subsequent to the Business Combination are prepared "as if" Zhongchai Holding is the predecessor and legal successor to the Company. The historical operations of Zhongchai Holding are deemed to be those of the Company. Thus, the financial statements included in this report reflect (i) the historical operating results of Zhongchai Holding prior to the Business Combination; (ii) the combined results of the Company and Zhongchai Holding following the Business Combination in October 24, 2019; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Zhongchai Holding at their historical cost, and (iv) Greenland's equity structure for all periods presented. Zhongchai Holding received 7,500,000 shares of Greenland in exchange for all the share capital, which is reflected retroactively to December 31, 2017 and will be utilized for calculating earnings per share in all prior periods. No step-up basis of intangible assets or goodwill was recorded in the Business Combination transaction consistent with the treatment of the transaction as a reverse capitalization of Zhongchai Holding.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management makes these estimates using the best information available at the time the estimates are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 include allowance for doubtful accounts, reserve for inventories, useful life of property, plant and equipment, assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-term assets and valuation of deferred tax assets and accruals for taxes due.

Non-controlling Interest

Non-controlling Interest

Non-controlling interests in the Company's subsidiaries are recorded in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification 810 Consolidation ("ASC 810") and are reported as a component of equity, separate from the parent's equity. Purchase or sale of equity interests that do not result in a change of control are accounted for as equity transactions. Results of operations attributable to the non-controlling interest are included in our consolidated results of operations and, upon loss of control, the interest sold, as well as interest retained, if any, will be reported at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in earnings.

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign Currency Translation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars ("US$" or "$"). The functional currency of the Company is Renminbi ("RMB").  Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the functional currency rate ruling at the date of transaction. Any differences between the initially recorded amount and the settlement amount are recorded as a gain or loss on foreign currency transaction in the consolidated statements of operations.

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Period end RMB: US$ exchange rate		7.0851		6.7112
Period average RMB: US$ exchange rate		7.0307		6.6994

The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions  The PRC government imposes significant exchange restrictions on fund transfers out of the PRC that are not related to business operations.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers", the Company recognizes revenues when goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how revenues are recognized from contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five-step analysis: (i) identification of contract with customer; (ii) determination of performance obligations; (iii) measurement of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations and (v) recognition of revenues when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. The Company derives revenues from the processing, distribution and sale of its products. The Company recognizes its revenues net of value-added taxes ("VAT"). The Company is subject to VAT which had been levied at the rate of 17% on the invoiced value of sales until April 30, 2018, after which date the rate was reduced to 16%. VAT rate was further reduced to 13% starting from April 1, 2019. Output VAT is borne by customers in addition to the invoiced value of sales and input VAT is borne by the Company in addition to the invoiced value of purchases to the extent not refunded for export sales.

Revenues are recognized at a point in time once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Control is typically deemed to have been transferred to the customer when the performance obligation is fulfilled, usually at the time of customers' acceptance or consumption, at the net sales price (transaction price) and each of the criteria under ASC 606 have been met. Contract terms may require the Company to deliver the finished goods to the customers' location or the customer may pick up the finished goods at the Company's factory. International sales are recognized when shipment clears customs and leaves the port.

The Company has adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, using the transition method of Modified-Retrospective Method ("MRM"). The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on the Company's beginning balance of retained earnings.

The Company's contracts are all short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. Receivables are recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to consideration.

Contracts do not offer any price protection, but allow for the return of certain goods if quality problem, which is standard warranty. The Company product returns and recorded reserve for sales returns were minimal for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The total rebates amount is accounting for around 0.43% and 0.56% of the total revenue of Greenland.

The following table sets forth disaggregation of revenue:

	For the three months ended March 31,
Major Product	2020		2019
Transmission boxes for Forklift		9,872,057		15,624,890
Transmission boxes for Non-Forklift (EV, etc.)		10		186,598
Total		9,872,067		15,811,488

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of material costs, freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, internal transfer costs, wages, employee compensation, amortization, depreciation and related costs, which are directly attributable to the production of products. Write-down of inventory to lower of cost or net realizable value is also recorded in cost of goods sold.

Selling Expenses

Selling Expenses 

Selling expenses include operating expenses such as payroll and traveling and transportation expenses. 

General and Administrative Expenses

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include management and office salaries and employee benefits, depreciation for office facility and office equipment, travel and entertainment, legal and accounting, consulting fees and other office expenses.

Research and Development

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and totaled approximately $564,298 and $737,774 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Government subsidies

Government subsidies

Government subsidies are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with. When the subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match the subsidy on a systematic basis to the costs that it is intended to compensate. Where the subsidy relates to an asset, it is recognized as other long-term liabilities and is released to the statement of operations over the expected useful life in a consistent manner with the depreciation method for the relevant asset. Total government subsidies recorded in the other long-term liabilities were $2.33 million and $2.18 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31,  2019, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes following the liability method pursuant to FASB ASC 740 "Income Taxes". Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company also follows FASB ASC 740, which addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. The Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740 also provides guidance on recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company did not have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits. It is the Company's policy to include penalties and interest expense related to income taxes as a component of other expense and interest expense, respectively, as necessary. The Company's historical tax years will remain open for examination by the local authorities until the statute of limitations has passed.

Value-Added Tax

Value-Added Tax

Enterprises or individuals, who sell commodities, engage in repair and maintenance or import or export goods in the PRC are subject to a value added tax in accordance with PRC Laws. The VAT standard rate had been 17% of the gross sale price until April 30, 2018, after which date the rate was reduced to 16%. VAT rate was further reduced to 13% starting from April 1, 2019. A credit is available whereby VAT paid on the purchases of semi-finished products or raw materials used in the production of the Company's finished products can be used to offset the VAT due on the sales of the finished products.

Statutory Reserve

Statutory Reserve

In accordance with the PRC Regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment, an enterprise established in the PRC with foreign investment is required to provide for certain statutory reserves, namely (i) General Reserve Fund, (ii) Enterprise Expansion Fund and (iii) Staff Welfare and Bonus Fund, which are appropriated from net profit as reported in the enterprise's PRC statutory accounts. A wholly-owned foreign enterprise is required to allocate at least 10% of its annual after-tax profit to the General Reserve Fund until the balance of such fund has reached 50% of its respective registered capital. A non-wholly-owned foreign invested enterprise is permitted to provide for the above allocation at the discretion of its board of directors. Appropriations to the Enterprise Expansion Fund and Staff Welfare and Bonus Fund are at the discretion of the board of directors for all foreign invested enterprises. The aforementioned reserves can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during the year from transactions and other events, excluding the changes resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners, and is not included in the computation of income tax expense or benefit. Accumulated comprehensive income consists of foreign currency translation. The Company presents comprehensive income (loss) consists in accordance with ASC Topic 220, "Comprehensive Income".

Earnings per share

Earnings per share

The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260 "Earnings per Share." Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic earnings per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential ordinary shares equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. On October 24, 2019, the Company completed a reverse merger with Greenland Acquisition Corporation whereby the Company received 7,500,000 shares in exchange for all the share capital, which is reflected retroactively to December 31, 2017 and will be utilized for calculating earnings per share in all prior periods. The per share amounts have been updated to show the effect of the exchange on earnings per share as if the exchange occurred at the beginning of both years for the annual financial statements of the Company. The impact of the stock exchange is also shown on the Company's Statements of Shareholders' Equity.

Pursuant to the CIIX Termination Agreement and the SCCG Termination Agreement, 5,000 and 10,000 restricted ordinary shares, no par value, were issued to CIIX and SCCG on March 12, 2020 and March 13, 2020 respectively, and will be utilized for calculating earnings per share in three months ended March 31, 2020 .

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For financial reporting purposes, the Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains no bank account in the United States of America. The Company maintains its bank accounts in PRC and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ("SAR"). Balances at financial institutions or state-owned banks within PRC and Hong Kong SAR are not covered by insurance. 

Restricted Cash

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents amounts held by a bank as security for bank acceptance bills, as well as the financial product secured for the short-term bank loan and therefore is not available for the Company's use until such time as the bank acceptance notes have been fulfilled or expired, normally within a twelve-month period. 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, to the financial instruments that are required to be carried at fair value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy based upon observable and non-observable inputs that prioritizes the information used to develop our assumptions regarding fair value. Fair value measurements are separately disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy.

● Level 1—defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

● Level 2—defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets, that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

● Level 3—defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The Company's financial instruments primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable, other payables and accrued liabilities, short-term bank loans, and notes payable.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other current assets and liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The estimated fair values of short-term bank loans were not materially different from their carrying value as presented due to the short maturities and that the interest rates on the borrowing approximate those that would have been available for loans of similar remaining maturity and risk profile. As the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of the fair value, these financial instruments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are carried at net realizable value. The Company reviews its accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, customer's historical payment history, its current creditworthiness and current economic trends. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection. The Company only grants credit terms to established customers who are deemed to be financially responsible. Credit periods to customers are within 90 days after customers received the purchased goods. If accounts receivable are to be provided for, or written off, they would be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations within operating expenses. Balance of allowance of doubtful accounts was $1.08 million and $1.04 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is based on estimated selling prices less any further costs expected to be incurred for completion and disposal. Cost of raw materials is calculated using the weighted average method and is based on purchase cost. Work-in-progress and finished goods costs are determined using the weighted average method and comprise direct materials, direct labour and an appropriate proportion of overhead. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had reserves for inventories of $0.12 million and $0.13 million, respectively. The Company records inventory reserves for excess or obsolete inventories based upon assumptions about our current and future demand forecasts.

Advance to Suppliers

Advance to Suppliers

Advance to suppliers represents interest-free cash paid in advance to suppliers for purchases of parts and/or raw materials. The balance of advance to suppliers was $0.06 million and $0.05 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 2019.

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, and include expenditure that substantially increases the useful lives of existing assets. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance, which do not extend the useful life of the assets, are expensed as incurred.

Depreciation is provided over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives are as follows:

Plant, buildings and improvements	20 years
Machinery and equipment	2~10 years
Motor vehicles	4 years
Office Equipment	3~5 years
Fixed Assets decoration	5 years

When assets are sold or retired, their costs and accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the consolidated financial statements and any gain or loss resulting from their disposal is recognized in the period of disposition as an element of other income. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to income as incurred, whereas significant renewals and betterments are capitalized.

Land Use Rights

Land Use Rights

According to the PRC laws, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government. The land use rights granted to the Company are being amortized using the straight-line method over the lease term of fifty years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment periodically whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their related carrying amounts may not be recoverable in accordance with FASB ASC 360, "Property, Plant and Equipment".

In evaluating long-lived assets for recoverability, the Company uses its best estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and eventual disposition in accordance with FASB ASC 360-10-15. To the extent that estimated future, undiscounted cash inflows attributable to the asset, less estimated future, undiscounted cash outflows, are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference between the carrying value of such asset and its fair value. Assets to be disposed of and for which there is a committed plan of disposal, whether through sale or abandonment, are reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell.

There was no impairment loss recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Segments and Related Information

Segments and Related Information

ASC 280 "Segment reporting" establishes standards for reporting information on operating segments in interim and annual financial statements. All of the Company's operations are considered by the chief operating decision maker to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment. 

The Company is engaged in the business of manufacturing and selling various transmission boxes. The Company's manufacturing process is essentially the same for the entire Company and is performed in-house at the Company's facilities in PRC. The Company's customers primarily consist of entities in the automotive, construction machinery or warehousing equipment industries. The distribution of the Company's products is consistent across the entire Company. In addition, the economic characteristics of each customer arrangement are similar in that the Company maintains policies at the corporate level. 

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and environmental claims arising out of the normal course of businesses that relate to a wide range of matters, including among others, contracts breach liability. The Company records accruals for such contingencies based upon the assessment of the probability of occurrence and, where determinable, an estimate of the liability. Management may consider many factors in making these assessments including past history, scientific evidence and the specifics of each matter. The Company's management has evaluated all such proceedings and claims that existed as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Normal course of businesses that relate to a wide range of matters, including among others, contracts breach liability. The Company records accruals for such contingencies based upon the assessment of the probability of occurrence and, where determinable, an estimate of the liability. Management may consider many factors in making these assessments including past history, scientific evidence and the specifics of each matter. The Company's management has evaluated all such proceedings and claims that existed as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Related Party

Related Party

In general, related parties exist when there is a relationship that offers the potential for transactions at less than arm's-length, favorable treatment, or the ability to influence the outcome of events different from that which might result in the absence of that relationship. A related party may be any of the following: a) an affiliate, which is a party that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another party; b) a principle owner, owner of record or known beneficial owner of more than 10% of the voting interest of an entity; c) management, which are persons having responsibility for achieving objectives of the entity and requisite authority to make decision; d) immediate family of management or principal owners; e) a parent Company and its subsidiaries; and f) other parties that have ability to significant influence the management or operating policies of the entity. The Company discloses all significant related party transactions.

Economic and Political Risks

Economic and Political Risks

The Company's operations are conducted in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in the PRC, and by the general state of the PRC economy.

The Company's operations in the PRC are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. The Company's results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in the PRC, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts receivable. All of the Company's cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC, and none of these deposits are covered by insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. A portion of the Company's sales are credit sales which are primarily to customers whose abilities to pay are dependent upon the industry economics prevailing in these areas; however, concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivables is limited due to generally short payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers to help further reduce credit risk

Exchange Risk

Exchange Risk

The Company cannot guarantee that the current exchange rate will remain steady. Therefore, there is a possibility that the Company could post the same amount of profit for two comparable periods and yet, because of a fluctuating exchange rates, record higher or lower profit depending on exchange rate of PRC Renminbi (RMB) converted to U.S. dollars on the relevant dates. The exchange rate could fluctuate depending on changes in the political and economic environment without notice.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements that the Company has adopted or may be required to adopt in the future are summarized below:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13," Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments", to require financial assets carried at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected based on historical experience, current conditions and forecasts. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, in April 2019. To clarify that receivables arising from operating leases are within the scope of lease accounting standards. In October 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Leases (Topic 842), which defers the effective date for public filers that are considered small reporting companies as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Since the Company is a smaller reporting company, implementation is not needed until January 1, 2023. Adoption of the standard requires using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date to align existing credit loss methodology with the new standard. The Company is evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements, including accounting policies, processes, and systems, and expects the standard will have a minor impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04 (Topic 350) Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Under the amended guidance, a goodwill impairment charge will now be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. This ASU will be applied on a prospective basis and is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for any impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of the ASU 2017-04 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13 Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which eliminates, adds, and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements under ASC 820. This ASU is to be applied on a prospective basis for certain modified or new disclosure requirements, and all other amendments in the standard are to be applied on a retrospective basis. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted Topic 820 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of the ASU 2018-13 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, "Income Taxes" (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes ("ASU 2019-12"). ASU 2019-12 will simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company do not expect that the requirements of ASU 2019-12 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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Organization and Principal Activities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of subsidiary of limited liability company

Name	Domicile and Date of Incorporation	Paid-in Capital		Percentage of Effective Ownership			Principal Activities
Zhongchai Holding (Hong Kong) Limited	Hong Kong April 23, 2009	HKD	10,000		100	%	Holding
Zhejiang Zhongchai Machinery Co., Ltd.	PRC November 21, 2005	USD	28,612,943		89.47	%	Manufacture, sale of various transmission boxes
Zhejiang Shengte Transmission Co., Ltd.	PRC February 24, 2006	RMB	5,000,000		89.47	%	Manufacture and sale of parts of transmission box
Shanghai Hengyu Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd.	PRC September 10, 2015	RMB	251,500,000		62.5	%	Investment management and consulting services.
Hangzhou Greenland Robotic Technologies Co., Ltd.	PRC August 9, 2019	RMB	252,862		100	%	Manufactures and sales carrier cargo robotics.
Greenland Technologies Corporation	Delaware, USA January 14, 2020		USD 0		100	%	US operation and promote robotic enabled automated warehouse system for North American market

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in net income

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Period end RMB: US$ exchange rate		7.0851		6.7112
Period average RMB: US$ exchange rate		7.0307		6.6994

Schedule of sets forth disaggregation of revenue

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Major Product
Transmission boxes for Forklift		9,872,057		15,624,890
Transmission boxes for Non-Forklift (EV, etc.)		10		186,598
Total		9,872,067		15,811,488

Schedule of estimated useful lives

Plant, buildings and improvements	20 years
Machinery and equipment	2~10 years
Motor vehicles	4 years
Office Equipment	3~5 years
Fixed Assets decoration	5 years

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Concentration on Revenues And Cost of Goods Sold (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Schedule of revenue by major customers by reporting segments

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020				2019
Major customers representing more than 10% of the Company's revenues
Company A	$	2,307,990	23.38	%	$	2,303,804	14.57	%
Total Revenues	$	2,307,990	23.38	%	$	2,303,804	14.57	%

Schedules of concentration of risk, by risk factor

	As of
	March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019
Major customers of the Company's accounts receivable, net
Company A		1,804,651	14.56	%		1,662,078	13.88	%
Company B		1,378,830	11.13	%		1,106,955	9.25	%
Company C		911,084	7.35	%		1,061,972	8.87	%
Total	$	4,094,565	33.04	%	$	3,831,005	32.00	%

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Accounts Receivable (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Credit Loss [Abstract]

Schedule of accounts receivable net

	As of
	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Accounts receivable	$	13,471,750		$	13,009,686
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(1,078,664	)		(1,037,797	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	12,393,086		$	11,971,889

Schedule of allowance for doubtful accounts

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Beginning balance	$	1,037,797	$	906,138
Provision for doubtful accounts		40,867		94,289
Ending balance	$	1,078,664	$	1,000,427

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Inventories (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of inventories

	As of
	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Raw materials	$	4,511,796		$	3,626,104
Revolving material		615,842			744,887
Consigned processing material		44,235			63,608
Work-in-progress		1,450,531			1,465,767
Finished goods		3,434,271			3,084,128
Goods in transit		2,167,514			1,122,918
Less: reserve for inventories		(121,410	)		(134,535	)
Inventories, net	$	12,102,779		$	9,972,877

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Notes Receivable (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Receivable [Abstract]

Schedual of notes receivable

	As of
	March  31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Bank notes receivable:	$	13,797,029	$	15,865,267
Commercial notes receivable		211,923		291,425
Total	$	14,008,952	$	16,156,692

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Property, Plant and Equipment and Construction in Progress (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of property, plant and equipment

	As of
	March  31, 2019			December 31, 2019
Buildings	$	11,391,549		$	11,188,399
Machinery		19,121,793			19,416,746
Motor vehicles		250,545			254,456
Electronic equipment		177,491			177,153
Total property plant and equipment, at cost		30,941,378			31,036,754
Less: accumulated depreciation		(11,022,764	)		(10,650,893	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	19,918,614		$	20,385,861
Construction in process		240,633			244,390
Total	$	20,159,247		$	20,630,251

Schedule of restricted assets

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Buildings, net	$	10,561,110	$	10,459,597
Machinery, net		8,608,059		9,066,066
Total		19,169,169		19,525,663

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Land Use Rights (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Land Use Rights [Abstract]

Schedule of land use rights

	As of
	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Land use rights, cost	$	4,342,437		$	4,410,224
Less: Accumulated amortization		(560,971	)		(547,677	)
Land use rights, net	$	3,781,466		$	3,862,547

Schedule of estimated future amortization expense

Years ending March 31,	Amortization expense
2021	$	87,521
2022		87,521
2023		87,521
2024		87,521
2025		87,521
Thereafter		3,343,861
Total	$	3,781,466

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Notes Payable (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Notes Payable [Abstract]

Schedule of note payable

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Bank acceptance notes	$	12,645,068	$	15,050,902
Total	$	12,645,068	$	15,050,902

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Accounts Payable (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of account Payable

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Procurement of Materials	$	17,363,431	$	14,248,095
Infrastructure& Equipment		400,696		381,843
Freight fee		206,598		83,070
Total	$	17,970,725	$	14,713,008

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Short Term Bank Loans (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of short term loans

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Collateralized bank loans	$	17,308,154	$	16,144,892
Guaranteed bank loans		2,540,543		716,723
Total	$	19,848,697	$	16,861,615

Schedule of short term loans

Maturity Date	Type	Bank Name	Interest Rate per Annum (%)		March 31, 2020
Nov.26, 2020	Operating Loans	Agricultural bank of PRC		4.57	$	5,758,565
Dec.24, 2020	Operating Loans	Agricultural bank of PRC		4.70	$	6,891,928
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		5.45	$	2,117,119
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		4.40	$	1,129,130
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		4.80	$	705,706
Dec.15, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		5.45	$	1,411,413
Jan.10, 2021	Operating Loans	Bank of communications		4.79	$	705,706
Mar.16, 2021	Operating Loans	SPD Rural Bank of Xinchang		4.05	$	1,129,130
Total					$	19,848,697

Maturity Date	Type	Bank Name	Interest Rate per Annum (%)		December 31, 2019
Nov.26, 2020	Operating Loans	Agricultural bank of PRC		4.57	$	5,848,455
Dec.24, 2020	Operating Loans	Agricultural bank of PRC		4.70	$	6,999,513
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		5.45	$	2,150,168
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		4.40	$	1,146,756
Dec.16, 2020	Operating Loans	Rural commercial bank of Xinchang		4.80	$	716,723
Total					$	16,861,615

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Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of other current liabilities

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Employee payables		155,703		476,859
Other tax payables		234,028		439,398
Borrowing from third party		217,483		1,576,790
Others		771,317		593,812
Total	$	1,378,531	$	3,086,859

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Other Long-Term Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Other LongTerm Liabilitie [Abstract]

Schedule of other long-term liabilities

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Subsidy		2,331,591		2,178,548
Total	$	2,331,591	$	2,178,548

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Long Term Payables (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Long-term Payables [Abstract]

Schedule of long term payables

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Long-term payables current portion	$	2,562,321	$	2,654,230
Long-term payables– non-current portion		811,222		1,349,850
Total	$	3,373,543	$	4,004,080

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share computation

	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Net income attributable to the Greenland Corporation and subsidiaries	$	256,664	$	1,542,194
Weighted average basic and diluted computation shares outstanding:
Shares issued in reverse recapitalization		10,006,142		7,500,000
Restricted stock grants		15,000		-
Weighted average shares of common stock		10,009,198		-
Dilutive effect of stock options		-		-
Restricted stock vested not issued		-		-
Common stock and common stock equivalents		10,009,198		7,500,000
Basic and diluted net income per share	$	0.03	$	0.21

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Geographical Sales and Segments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segments, Geographical Areas [Abstract]

Schedule of revenues by major geographical area

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Domestic Sales	$	9,863,853	$	15,811,488
International Sales		8,214		-
Total	$	9,872,067	$	15,811,488

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Income Taxes (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Schedule of Income tax provision (benefit)

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Current:
Federal		-			-
State		-			-
Foreign		96,755			218,026
		96,755			218,026
Deferred:
Federal		-			-
State		-			-
Foreign		(47,568	)		47,157
		(47,568	)		47,157
Provision for income taxes	$	49,187		$	265,183

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts		182,050			164,950
Inventories		18,212			20,180
Loss carried forward		11,592			7,851
Deferred Income		349,739			326,782
Total deferred tax assets		561,593			519,763
Deferred tax liabilities:
Others		-			-
Total deferred tax liabilities		-			-
Less: Valuation Allowance		(8,483	)		(5,958	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	553,110		$	513,805

Schedule of reconciliations of the statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate

	For the three months ended March 31, 2020
	Rate			Amount
profit before taxation					377,270
PRC Statutory tax rate					25	%
Expected taxation at statutory tax rate		25.00	%		94,318
Non-deductible expenses		2.35	%		8,854
R&D Super-deduction		(16.83	)%		(63,484	)
Under-accrued CIT for previous year		0.00	%		-
Effect of differing tax rates in different jurisdictions		3.91	%		14,763
Addition to Valuation Allowance		0.67	%		2,525
Others		(2.06	)%		(7,789	)
Effective tax rate		13.04	%		49,187

	For the three months ended March 31, 2019
	Rate			Amount
profit before taxation					1,993,735
PRC Statutory tax rate					25	%
Expected taxation at statutory tax rate		25	%		498,434
Non-deductible expenses		0.47	%		9,338
R&D Super-deduction		(4.16	)%		(83,000	)
Under-accrued CIT for previous year		0.00	%		-
Effect of differing tax rates in different jurisdictions		(10.41	)		(207,572	)
Addition to Valuation Allowance		(0.71	)%		(14,171	)
Others		3.12	%		62,154
Effective tax rate		13.3	%		265,183

XML

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of non-cancellable future minimum lease payments

Years ending March 31,	Amount
2021		2,661,866
2022		1,017,207
Total	$	3,679,073

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Related Party Transactions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Schedule of names and relationship of related parties

	Existing Relationship with the Company
Sinomachinery Holding Limited	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Cenntro Holding Limited	Controlling shareholder of the Company
Zhejiang Kangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd.	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP)	Under control of Mr. Mengxing He, the General Manger and one of the directors of Zhejiang Zhongchai
Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership)	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Hangzhou Cenntro Autotech Co., Limited	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang

Schedule of due to related parties

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Due to related parties:
Sinomachinery Holding Limited1	$	1,775,869	$	1,773,365
Zhejiang Kangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd2		64,505		64,505
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.3		507,436		207,177
Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.4		13,251		-
Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd.5		5,999		1,981
Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership)6		102,346		95,302
Cenntro Holding Limited7		1,339,654		1,339,654
Total	$	3,809,060	$	3,481,984

The balance of Due to related parties as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consisted of:

1 Advance from Sinomachinery Holding Limited for certain purchase order;

2 Temporary borrowings from Zhejiang Kangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

3 Unpaid balances for purchasing of materials and equipment and temporary borrowing from Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.;

4 Unpaid balances for purchasing of materials from Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.;

5 Prepayment from Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd.;

6 Temporary borrowings from Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership); and

7 Borrowings from Cenntro Holding Limited

Schedule of due from related parties

	As of
	March 31, 2020		December  31, 2019
Due from related parties-current:
Cenntro Holding Limited	$	35,488,842	$	36,042,829
Total	$	35,488,842	$	36,042,829
Due from related parties-non-current:
Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP)		169,370		430,034
Total	$	169,370	$	430,034

Schedule of related party transactions

		For the three months ended March 31,
		2020		2019
Purchases from related parties:
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.	Purchase of materials and equipment		305,793		4,232
Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.	Purchase of materials and equipment		13,354		-
Total			319,147		4,232
Sales to related parties:
Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd.	Provide service		29,191		40,577
Total			29,191		40,577

Schedule of related party funds lending

Proceeds from related parties:	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.		355,586		1,119,503
Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP)		256,022		-
Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership)		8,575		-
Total		620,183		1,119,503
Repayment of loans from related parties:
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.		355,586		1,119,503
Cenntro Holding Limited		-		1,310,062
Hangzhou Cenntro Autotech Co., Limited		-		223,901
Total		355,586		2,653,466

Schedule of dividend payment to related parties

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Dividend payment to related parties:
Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP)		-		164,257

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Organization and Principal Activities (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Zhongchai Holding (Hong Kong) Limited [Member]
Date of Incorporation	Apr. 23, 2009
Domicile	Hong Kong
Principal Activities	Holding
Zhongchai Holding (Hong Kong) Limited [Member] | HONG KONG [Member]
Paid-in Capital	$ 10,000
Percentage of Effective Ownership	100.00%
Zhejiang Zhongchai Machinery Co., Ltd. [Member]
Date of Incorporation	Nov. 21, 2005
Domicile	PRC
Paid-in Capital	$ 28,612,943
Percentage of Effective Ownership	89.47%
Principal Activities	Manufacture, sale of various transmission boxes
Zhejiang Shengte Transmission Co., Ltd. [Member]
Date of Incorporation	Feb. 24, 2006
Domicile	PRC
Principal Activities	Manufacture and sale of parts of transmission box
Zhejiang Shengte Transmission Co., Ltd. [Member] | RMB [Member]
Paid-in Capital	$ 5,000,000
Percentage of Effective Ownership	89.47%
Shanghai Hengyu Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd. [Member]
Date of Incorporation	Sep. 10, 2015
Domicile	PRC
Principal Activities	Investment management and consulting services.
Shanghai Hengyu Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd. [Member] | RMB [Member]
Paid-in Capital	$ 251,500,000
Percentage of Effective Ownership	62.50%
Hangzhou Greenland Robotic Technologies Co., Ltd. [Member]
Date of Incorporation	Aug. 09, 2019
Domicile	PRC
Principal Activities	Manufactures and sales carrier cargo robotics.
Hangzhou Greenland Robotic Technologies Co., Ltd. [Member] | RMB [Member]
Paid-in Capital	$ 252,862
Percentage of Effective Ownership	100.00%
Greenland Technologies Corporation (Member)
Date of Incorporation	Jan. 14, 2020
Domicile	Delaware, USA
Principal Activities	US operation and promote robotic enabled automated warehouse system for North American market
Greenland Technologies Corporation (Member) | RMB [Member]
Paid-in Capital	$ 0
Percentage of Effective Ownership	100.00%

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Organization and Principal Activities (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Outstanding ordinary shares	74.842%
Zhongchai Holding [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Outstanding ordinary shares	100.00%
Zhejiang Zhongchai Machinery Co., Ltd. [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Outstanding ordinary shares	89.47%
Subsidiaries description	The direct operating subsidiary of Zhongchai Holding in PRC. On April 5, 2007, Usunco Automotive Limited ("Usunco"), a British Virgin Islands limited liability Company incorporated on April 24, 2006, invested $8,000,000 USD into Zhejiang Zhongchai for its approximately 75.47% interest. On December 16, 2009, Usunco agreed to transfer its 75.47% interest in Zhejiang Zhongchai to Zhongchai Holding. On April 26, 2010, Xinchang County Keyi Machinery Co., Ltd. transferred all its 24.528% interest in Zhejiang Zhongchai to Zhongchai Holding for a consideration of US$2.6 million. On November 1, 2017, Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP) ("Jiuxin"), an entity controlled and beneficially owned by Mr. He Mengxing, president of Zhejiang Zhongchai, closed its investment of approximately RMB31,590,000 in Zhejiang Zhongchai for 10.53% of its interest. As of March 31, 2020, Zhongchai Holding owns approximately 89.47% of Zhejiang Zhongchai and Jiuxin owns approximately 10.53% of Zhejiang Zhongchai.
Hangzhou Greenland Robotic Technologies Co., Ltd. [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Outstanding ordinary shares	100.00%
Shanghai Hengyu Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd. [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Outstanding ordinary shares	62.50%

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Foreign Currency Translation [Abstract]
Period end RMB: US$ exchange rate	7.0851	6.7112
Period average RMB: US$ exchange rate	7.0307	6.6994

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 1) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Major Product [Abstract]
Total	$ 9,872,067	$ 15,811,488
Transmission boxes for Forklift [Member]
Major Product [Abstract]
Total	9,872,057	15,624,890
Transmission boxes for Non-Forklift (EV, etc.) [Member]
Major Product [Abstract]
Total	$ 10	$ 186,598

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 2)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020
Plant, buildings and improvements [Member]
Estimated useful lives	20 years
Machinery and Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Estimated useful lives	10 years
Machinery and Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Estimated useful lives	2 years
Motor vehicles [Member]
Estimated useful lives	4 years
Office Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Estimated useful lives	5 years
Office Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Estimated useful lives	3 years
Fixed Assets decoration [Member]
Estimated useful lives	5 years

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended
	Mar. 13, 2020	Mar. 12, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Oct. 24, 2019
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)
Value added tax description			The Company is subject to VAT which had been levied at the rate of 17% on the invoiced value of sales until April 30, 2018, after which date the rate was reduced to 16%. VAT rate was further reduced to 13% starting from April 1, 2019. Output VAT is borne by customers in addition to the invoiced value of sales and input VAT is borne by the Company in addition to the invoiced value of purchases to the extent not refunded for export sales.
Research and development costs			$ 564,298	$ 737,774
Allowance of doubtful accounts			1,080,000	$ 1,000,427	$ 1,040,000
Reserves for inventories			120,000		130,000
Advance to suppliers			$ 60,000		$ 50,000
Statutory Reserve, description			(i) General Reserve Fund, (ii) Enterprise Expansion Fund and (iii) Staff Welfare and Bonus Fund, which are appropriated from net profit as reported in the enterprise's PRC statutory accounts. A wholly-owned foreign enterprise is required to allocate at least 10% of its annual after-tax profit to the General Reserve Fund until the balance of such fund has reached 50% of its respective registered capital.
Related party, description			A principle owner, owner of record or known beneficial owner of more than 10% of the voting interest of an entity.
Accounting for around percentage			0.43%	0.56%
Other long-term liabilities			$ 2,330,000	$ 2,180,000
Asset and lease liability			$ 0
Shares received						7,500,000
Restricted ordinary shares	10,000	5,000
Zhongchai Holding [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)
Shares received			7,500,000
PRC [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)
Value added tax description			The VAT standard rate had been 17% of the gross sale price until April 30, 2018, after which date the rate was reduced to 16%. VAT rate was further reduced to 13% starting from April 1, 2019.

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Concentration on Revenues and Cost of Goods Sold (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Customer Percentage	23.38%	14.57%
Total Revenues	$ 2,307,990		$ 2,303,804
Company A [Member]
Customer Percentage	23.38%	14.57%
Total Revenues	$ 2,307,990	$ 2,303,804

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Concentration on Revenues and Cost of Goods Sold (Details 1) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Percentage of revenues	23.38%	14.57%
Accounts Receivable [Member]
Percentage of revenues	33.04%		32.00%
Accounts receivable, net	$ 4,094,565		$ 3,831,005
Company A [Member]
Percentage of revenues	23.38%	14.57%
Company A [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]
Percentage of revenues	14.56%		13.88%
Accounts receivable, net	$ 1,804,651		$ 1,662,078
Company B [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]
Percentage of revenues	11.13%		9.25%
Accounts receivable, net	$ 1,378,830		$ 1,106,955
Company C [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]
Percentage of revenues	7.35%		8.87%
Accounts receivable, net	$ 911,084		$ 1,061,972

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Concentration on Revenues and Cost of Goods Sold (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Concentration on Revenues and Cost of Goods Sold (Textual)
Total accounts receivable	33.04%		32.00%
Concentration Risk, Percentage	23.38%	14.57%
Supplier [Member]
Concentration on Revenues and Cost of Goods Sold (Textual)
Concentration Risk, Percentage	10.00%	10.00%

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Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Credit Loss [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	$ 13,471,750	$ 13,009,686
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts	(1,078,664)	(1,037,797)
Accounts receivable, net	$ 12,393,086	$ 11,971,889

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Accounts Receivable (Details 1) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Credit Loss [Abstract]
Beginning balance	$ 1,037,797	$ 906,138
Provision for doubtful accounts	40,867	94,289
Ending balance	$ 1,080,000	$ 1,000,427

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Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 4,511,796	$ 3,626,104
Revolving material	615,842	744,887
Consigned processing material	44,235	63,608
Work-in-progress	1,450,531	1,465,767
Finished goods	3,434,271	3,084,128
Goods in transit	2,167,514	1,122,918
Less: reserve for inventories	(121,410)	(134,535)
Inventories, net	$ 12,102,779	$ 9,972,877

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Notes Receivable (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Notes Receivable [Abstract]
Bank notes receivable	$ 13,797,029	$ 15,865,267
Commercial notes receivable	211,923	291,425
Total	$ 14,008,952	$ 16,156,692

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Notes Receivable (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Notes Receivable (Textual)
Notes receivable	$ 11,780,000	$ 11,170,000
Security for issuance	$ 11,230,000	8,980,000
Bank interest, percentage	0.05%
Allowance for notes receivables	$ 11,154	$ 15,338

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Property, Plant and Equipment and Construction in Progress (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Buildings	$ 11,391,549	$ 11,188,399
Machinery	19,121,793	19,416,746
Motor vehicles	250,545	254,456
Electronic equipment	177,491	177,153
Total property plant and equipment, at cost	30,941,378	31,036,754
Less: accumulated depreciation	(11,022,764)	(10,650,893)
Property, plant and equipment, net	19,918,614	20,385,861
Construction in process	240,633	244,390
Total	$ 20,159,247	$ 20,630,251

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Property, Plant and Equipment and Construction in Progress (Details 1) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Buildings, net	$ 10,561,110	$ 10,459,597
Machinery, net	8,608,059	9,066,066
Restricted assets Total	$ 19,169,169	$ 19,525,663

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Property, Plant and Equipment and Construction in Progress (Details Textual)					3 Months Ended
	Apr. 26, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 26, 2019 CNY (¥)	Jan. 03, 2019 USD ($)	Jan. 03, 2019 CNY (¥)	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 CNY (¥)
Property, Plant and Equipment and Construction in Progress (Textual)
Ownership of buildings for net book value					$ 10,560,000			$ 10,460,000
Cost of revenue					7,948,119	$ 12,250,989
Aggregate proceeds	$ 2,120,000		$ 3,080,000
Initial term	2 years	2 years	3 years	3 years
Property, Plant and Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment and Construction in Progress (Textual)
Depreciation expense amount					370,000	690,000
Construction in progress					375,119,000,000	0
Cost of revenue					190,000	510,000
Inventories					$ 190,000	$ 510,000
RMB [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment and Construction in Progress (Textual)
Ownership of buildings for net book value | ¥							¥ 74,830,000		¥ 72,970,000
Loan facility with maximum exposure | ¥							¥ 112,630,000		¥ 112,630,000
Aggregate proceeds | ¥		¥ 14,660,000		¥ 21,250,000

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Land Use Rights (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Land Use Rights [Abstract]
Land use rights, cost	$ 4,342,437	$ 4,410,224
Less: Accumulated amortization	(560,971)	(547,677)
Land use rights, net	$ 3,780,000	$ 3,862,547	$ 3,860,000

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Land Use Rights (Details 1)	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Land Use Rights [Abstract]
2021	$ 87,521
2022	87,521
2023	87,521
2024	87,521
2025	87,521
Thereafter	3,343,861
Total	$ 3,781,466

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Land Use Rights (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Land use rights (Textual)
Land use rights	$ 3,780,000	$ 3,862,547	$ 3,860,000

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Notes Payable (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Notes Payable [Abstract]
Bank acceptance notes	$ 12,645,068	$ 15,050,902
Total	$ 12,645,068	$ 15,050,902

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Notes Payable (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Notes Payable (Textual)
Restricted cash	$ 1,600,542	$ 3,593,722	$ 2,888,252
Notes receivable	$ 11,780,000	11,170,000
Percentage of bank charges	5.00%
Land Use Rights[Member]
Notes Payable (Textual)
Land use rights		$ 1,950,000	$ 0

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Accounts Payable (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounts payable	$ 17,819,509	$ 14,713,008
Procurement of Materials [Member]
Accounts payable	17,363,431	14,248,095
Infrastructure& Equipment [Member]
Accounts payable	400,696	381,843
Freight fee [Member]
Accounts payable	$ 206,598	$ 83,070

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Short Term Bank Loans (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Collateralized bank loans	$ 17,308,154	$ 16,144,892
Guaranteed bank loans	2,540,543	716,723
Total	$ 19,848,697	$ 16,861,615

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Short Term Bank Loans (Details 1) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Total	$ 19,848,697	$ 16,861,615
Operating Loans [Member]
Maturity Date	Nov. 26, 2020	Nov. 26, 2020
Bank Name	Agricultural bank of PRC	Agricultural bank of PRC
Interest Rate per Annum (%)	4.57%	4.57%
Total	$ 5,758,565	$ 5,848,455
Operating Loans One [Member]
Maturity Date	Dec. 24, 2020	Dec. 24, 2020
Bank Name	Agricultural bank of PRC	Agricultural bank of PRC
Interest Rate per Annum (%)	4.70%	4.70%
Total	$ 6,891,928	$ 6,999,513
Operating Loans Two [Member]
Maturity Date	Dec. 16, 2020
Bank Name	Rural commercial bank of XinChang
Interest Rate per Annum (%)	5.45%	5.45%
Total	$ 2,117,119	$ 2,150,168
Operating Loans Three [Member]
Maturity Date	Dec. 16, 2020	Dec. 16, 2020
Bank Name	Rural commercial bank of XinChang	Rural commercial bank of XinChang
Interest Rate per Annum (%)	4.40%	4.40%
Total	$ 1,129,130	$ 1,146,756
Operating Loans Four [Member]
Maturity Date	Dec. 16, 2020	Dec. 16, 2020
Bank Name	Rural commercial bank of XinChang	Rural commercial bank of XinChang
Interest Rate per Annum (%)	4.80%	4.80%
Total	$ 705,706	$ 716,723
Operating Loans Five [Member]
Maturity Date	Dec. 15, 2020
Bank Name	Rural commercial bank of XinChang
Interest Rate per Annum (%)	5.45%
Total	$ 1,411,413
Operating Loans Six [Member]
Maturity Date	Jan. 10, 2021
Bank Name	Bank of communications
Interest Rate per Annum (%)	4.79%
Total	$ 705,706
Operating Loans Seven [Member]
Maturity Date	Mar. 16, 2021
Bank Name	SPD Rural Bank of Xinchang
Interest Rate per Annum (%)	4.05%
Total	$ 1,129,130

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Short Term Bank Loans (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Short Term Bank Loans (Textual)
Average annual interest rate	4.7247%	4.90%

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Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Other Current Liabilities
Employee payables	$ 155,703	$ 476,859
Other tax payables	234,028	439,398
Borrowing from third party	217,483	1,576,790
Others	1,529,747	3,086,859
Total	$ 58,736,588	$ 55,993,321

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Other Long-Term Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Other LongTerm Liabilitie [Abstract]
Subsidy	$ 2,331,591	$ 2,178,548
Total	$ 2,331,591	$ 2,178,548

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Other Long-Term Liabilities (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Other Long-Term Liabilities (Textual)
Grant income increased	$ 150,000

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Long Term Payables (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Long-term payables current portion	$ 2,562,321	$ 2,654,230
Long-term payables - non-current portion	811,222	1,349,850
Total	$ 3,373,543	$ 4,004,080

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Long Term Payables (Details Textual)	Apr. 26, 2019 USD ($)	Apr. 26, 2019 CNY (¥)	Jan. 03, 2019 USD ($)	Jan. 03, 2019 CNY (¥)
Long Term Payables (Textual)
Aggregate proceeds | $	$ 2,120,000		$ 3,080,000
Initial term	2 years	2 years	3 years	3 years
RMB [Member]
Long Term Payables (Textual)
Aggregate proceeds | ¥		¥ 14,660,000		¥ 21,250,000

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Stockholder's Equity (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 15, 2019	Aug. 21, 2019	Jul. 27, 2018	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 29, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Feb. 25, 2020	Feb. 24, 2020
Stockholder's Equity (Textuals)
Ordinary shares, issued				10,021,142		10,006,142	10,000	5,000
Ordinary shares, outstanding				10,021,142		10,006,142
Aggregate exercise price				$ 240,000
Fee payment	$ 5,000	$ 12,000
Ordinary shares redeemed, description				The Company were converted into 468,200 ordinary shares on a one-tenth (1/10) ordinary share per right basis if holders of the rights elected to convert their rights into the underlying ordinary shares.
Warrants outstanding				4,682,000
Common Stock [Member]
Stockholder's Equity (Textuals)
Existing ordinary shares were converted						468,200
Restricted Stock [Member]
Stockholder's Equity (Textuals)
Newly issued ordinary shares	1,250	5,000
Chardan [Member]
Stockholder's Equity (Textuals)
Proceeds from issuance of stock			$ 100
Unit exercise price			$ 11.50
Aggregate exercise price			$ 2,760,000
Zhongchai Holding [Member]
Stockholder's Equity (Textuals)
Newly issued ordinary shares				7,500,000
Zhou Hanyi [Member]
Stockholder's Equity (Textuals)
Newly issued ordinary shares					50,000
Private Warrants [Member]
Stockholder's Equity (Textuals)
Warrant term				5 years
Exercise price of warrants				$ 0.01
Description of warrant redemption				● at any time while the Public Warrants are exercisable, ● upon not less than 30 days' prior written notice of redemption to each Public Warrant holder, ● if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the ordinary shares equals or exceeds $16.50 per share, for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the notice of redemption to Public Warrant holders, and ● if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the ordinary shares underlying such warrants at the time of redemption and for the entire 30-day trading period referred to above and continuing each day thereafter until the date of redemption.
Warrants outstanding				260,000
IPO [Member]
Stockholder's Equity (Textuals)
Fee payment				$ 100
Initial public offering			4,400,000	282,000
Over-allotment option amount			400,000
Ordinary shares redeemed, description				In 2019, in connection with the Business Combination 3,875,458 redeemable shares have been redeemed and 81,400 redeemable shares have been converted into ordinary shares, 1,906,542 ordinary shares left upon consummation of the reverse recapitalization.
Public Warrants [Member]
Stockholder's Equity (Textuals)
Warrants outstanding				4,400,000
Public Warrants [Member] | Chardan [Member]
Stockholder's Equity (Textuals)
Warrants outstanding				22,000

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income attributable to the Greenland Corporation and subsidiaries	$ 256,664	$ 1,542,194
Weighted average basic and diluted computation shares outstanding:
Shares issued in reverse recapitalization	10,006,142	7,500,000
Restricted stock grants	15,000
Weighted average shares of common stock	10,009,198
Dilutive effect of stock options
Restricted stock vested not issued
Common stock and common stock equivalents	$ 10,009,198	$ 7,500,000
Basic and diluted net income per share	$ 0.03	$ 0.21

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Earnings Per Share (Details Textual) - shares	Mar. 13, 2020	Mar. 12, 2020
Earnings Per Share (Textual)
Restricted ordinary shares	10,000	5,000

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Geographical Sales and Segments (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Total	$ 9,872,067	$ 15,811,488
Domestic Sales [Member]
Total	9,863,853	15,811,488
International Sales [Member]
Total	$ 8,214

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Geographical Sales and Segments (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 Segments
Geographical Sales and Segments (Textual)
Number of business segments	1

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 22, 2017	Mar. 31, 2020
Income Taxes (Textual)
Net unrecognized tax benefits		$ 0
Minimum [Member]
Income Taxes (Textual)
PRC standard income tax rate	21.00%
Maximum [Member]
Income Taxes (Textual)
PRC standard income tax rate	35.00%
Zhejiang Zhongchai and Hengyu [Member]
Income Taxes (Textual)
Wholly owned subsidiary, percent		62.50%
Zhongchai Holding Incorporated [Member]
Income Taxes (Textual)
PRC standard income tax rate		10.00%
Shengte [Member]
Income Taxes (Textual)
Retained earnings at PRC subsidiary		$ 600,000
Hengyu [Member]
Income Taxes (Textual)
Retained earnings at PRC subsidiary		$ 10,000
Hong Kong Limited [Member]
Income Taxes (Textual)
Income tax for locally earned income		16.50%

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details)	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2021	$ 2,661,866
2022	1,017,207
Total	$ 3,679,073

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) - CNY (¥)		1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 06, 2019	Dec. 18, 2019	Dec. 17, 2019	Nov. 28, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Agricultural Bank of PRC Co, Ltd. Xinchang [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Loan facility, description	Loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB48.83 million during the period from December 6, 2019 to May 21, 2022.			Loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB40.80 million during the period from November 28, 2019 to December 26, 2022.
Agricultural Bank of PRC Co, Ltd. Xinchang [Member] | RMB [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Pledging land use rights for original book value	¥ 11,080,000			¥ 9,840,000
Property ownership for original book value	¥ 35,120,000			¥ 27,820,000
Outstanding amount of short-term bank loan under pledge contract					¥ 48,830,000	¥ 48,830,000
Agricultural Bank of PRC Co, Ltd. Xinchang One [Member] | RMB [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Outstanding amount of short-term bank loan under pledge contract					40,800,000	40,800,000
Rural Commercial Bank of ChinaPRC Co, Ltd [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Loan facility, description		Loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB8.00 million during the period from December 18, 2019 to December 17, 2022.	Loan facility with maximum exposure of RMB16.95 million during the period from December 16, 2019 to December 15, 2024.
Rural Commercial Bank of ChinaPRC Co, Ltd [Member] | RMB [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Pledging land use rights for original book value		¥ 4,170,000	¥ 4,750,000
Property ownership for original book value			¥ 11,280,000
Outstanding amount of short-term bank loan under pledge contract					15,000,000	15,000,000
Rural Commercial Bank of China Co., Ltd One [Member] | RMB [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Outstanding amount of short-term bank loan under pledge contract					¥ 8,000,000	¥ 8,000,000

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Related Party Transactions (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020
Sinomachinery Holding Limited [Member]
Existing Relationship with the Company	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Cenntro Holding Limited [Member]
Existing Relationship with the Company	Controlling shareholder of the Company
Zhejiang Kangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Member]
Existing Relationship with the Company	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd. [Member]
Existing Relationship with the Company	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd. [Member]
Existing Relationship with the Company	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd. [Member]
Existing Relationship with the Company	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP) [Member]
Existing Relationship with the Company	Under control of Mr. Mengxing He, the General Manger and one of the directors of Zhejiang Zhongchai	[1]
Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership) [Member]
Existing Relationship with the Company	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang
Hangzhou Cenntro Autotech Co., Limited [Member]
Existing Relationship with the Company	Under common control of Peter Zuguang Wang

[1] Zhuhai Hengzhong paid audit fee on behalf of Zhongchai Holding

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Related Party Transactions (Details 1) - USD ($)		Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Total		$ 3,809,060	$ 3,481,984
Sinomachinery Holding Limited [Member]
Total	[1]	1,775,869	1,773,365
Zhejiang Kangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Member]
Total	[2]	64,505	64,505
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd. [Member]
Total	[3]	507,436	207,177
Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd. [Member]
Total	[4]	13,251
Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd. [Member]
Total	[5]	5,999	1,981
Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership) [Member]
Total	[6]	102,346	95,302
Cenntro Holding Limited [Member]
Total	[7]	$ 1,339,654	$ 1,339,654

[1] Overpayment from Sinomachinery Holding Limited for certain purchase order;

[2] Temporary borrowings from Zhejiang Kangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.,

[3] Unpaid balances for purchasing of materials and equipment and temporary borrowing from Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd.;

[4] Unpaid balances for purchasing of materials from Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.;;

[5] Prepayment from Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd.

[6] Zhuhai Hengzhong paid audit fee on behalf of Zhongchai Holding

[7] Dividends declared but unpaid to Cenntro Holding Limited

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Related Party Transactions (Details 2) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Due from related parties-current:
Total	$ 35,488,842	$ 36,042,829
Due from related parties-non-current:
Total	169,370	430,034
Cenntro Holding Limited [Member]
Due from related parties-current:
Total	35,488,842	36,042,829
Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP) [Member]
Due from related parties-non-current:
Total	$ 169,370	$ 430,034

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Related Party Transactions (Details 3) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Purchases from related parties	$ 319,147	$ 4,232
Sales to related parties	29,191	40,577
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd. [Member]
Purchases from related parties	305,793	4,232
Zhejiang Zhonggong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd. [Member]
Purchases from related parties	13,354
Cenntro Smart Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd. [Member]
Sales to related parties	$ 29,191	$ 40,577

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Related Party Transactions (Details 4) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Proceeds from related parties	$ 620,183	$ 1,119,503
Repayment of loans from related parties	355,586	2,653,466
Zhejiang Zhonggong Machinery Co., Ltd. [Member]
Proceeds from related parties	355,586	1,119,503
Repayment of loans from related parties	355,586	1,119,503
Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP) [Member]
Proceeds from related parties	256,022
Zhuhai Hengzhong Industrial Investment Fund (Limited Partnership) [Member]
Proceeds from related parties	8,575
Cenntro Holding Limited [Member]
Repayment of loans from related parties		1,310,062
Hangzhou Cenntro Automobile Technology Co., Ltd [Member]
Repayment of loans from related parties		$ 223,901

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Related Party Transactions (Details 5) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Xinchang County Jiuxin Investment Management Partnership (LP) [Member]
Dividend payment to related parties:
Total		$ 164,257

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Related Party Transactions (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cenntro Holding Limited [Member]
Related Party Transactions (Textual)
Other receivable	$ 35,500,000	$ 36,000,000