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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The tax expense for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020, was less than $1 million and $26 million, respectively. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a tax expense of $3 million and a tax benefit of $1 million, respectively. Discrete items, net were a benefit of $2 million and expense of $17 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and a benefit of less than $1 million and $6 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The discrete item in the nine month period ended September 30, 2020 was primarily related to the tax impact of the divestiture of VNBS. Veoneer's effective tax rate differs from an expected statutory rate primarily due to the discrete item and losses in certain jurisdictions that are not benefited.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company assesses all available evidence, both positive and negative, to determine the amount of any required valuation allowance. Valuation allowances have been established for the Company’s operations in United States, Sweden, France, Japan and China.