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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a tax provision of $3 million and a tax benefit of $1 million, respectively. The income tax provision for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 was $3 million and $12 million, respectively. Discrete items, net were a benefit of less than $1 million and $6 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and a provision of less than $1 million and $1 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Veoneer's effective tax rate differs from an expected statutory rate primarily due to prior year provision-to-return adjustments, an intraperiod tax allocation related to the Notes issuance, and losses in certain jurisdictions that are not benefited. Under the intraperiod tax allocation rules, the deferred tax liability created upon the issuance of the Notes and recorded through Additional Paid-in Capital is treated as a source of income, which enables the Company to recognize a tax benefit for the U.S. loss before income taxes through continuing operations of $2 million and $7 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The tax benefit related to the issuance of the Notes will be recognized ratably throughout the year and will not recur in future years.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company assesses all available evidence, both positive and negative, to determine the amount of any required valuation allowance. Valuation allowances have been established for the Company’s United States, Swedish, French, Japanese operations, certain Chinese operations and the Company’s joint venture in Japan.