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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary, which are of a normal and recurring nature, for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and of the results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 22, 2019. The results of operations for the interim period shown in this report are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. The balance sheet at December 31, 2018, has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements relate to accrued research and development expenses, the valuation of preferred and common stock, the valuation of stock options and the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets resulting from net operating losses. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (commonly referred to as Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842), as of January 1, 2019, using the optional transition method. The optional transition method provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption and a cumulative catch up adjustment on January 1, 2019 for any differences between ASC 842 and the legacy guidance provided in ASC 840, Leases that would have impacted our income statement. No retrospective restatements are required under the optional transition method. In addition, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company also applied the short-term lease recognition exemption for leases with terms at inception not greater than 12 months.

Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of additional operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $12.5 million and $13.2 million, respectively, as of January 1, 2019. The difference between the operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are due to accrued deferred rent and unamortized lease incentives.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements – Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade receivables and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking expected loss model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than as reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the timing and impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on our unaudited condensed financial statements or related financial statement disclosures.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share excludes the potential impact of the Company’s Series Seed Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, and Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, common stock options and unvested shares of restricted stock because their effect would be anti-dilutive due to the Company’s net loss. Since the Company had a net loss in each of the periods presented, basic and diluted net loss per common share are the same.

The table below provides potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of the diluted net loss per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive:

	As of September 30,
	2019		2018
Shares issuable upon conversion of Series Seed Convertible Preferred Stock		—		4,444,444
Shares issuable upon conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		—		10,158,710
Shares issuable upon conversion of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock		—		15,890,306
Shares issuable upon exercise of stock options		8,099,861		2,104,311
Non-vested shares under restricted stock grants		5,053,169		7,799,605