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Equity-based compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Equity-based compensation Equity-based compensation
A summary of equity-based compensation expense during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 is as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
Class B unit compensation$— $— $26,134 
Stock options4,745 1,526 949 
Equity-based compensation expense$4,745 $1,526 $27,083 
Class B unit compensation:
Prior to the Offering, certain Pre-IPO LLC Members held non-vesting and non-voting Class B units. In accordance with accounting guidance, any dividends paid to Class B unit holders are recognized as compensation expense when declared, as the Class B non-vesting units are considered to be a non-substantive class of equity. Dividends paid to Class B unit holders prior to the Offering, included in employee compensation and benefits, totaled $122 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2018.
In connection with the Reorganization Transactions, immediately prior to the Offering, historical Class B interests in TWIHG and GM vested by converting to the Texas Wasatch Note and Goosehead Management Note, respectively, paid with a combination of proceeds from the Offering and shares of Class A common stock. This conversion changed the nature of the Class B interests from a profit sharing arrangement to a substantive class of equity and were expensed under the guidance of Topic ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. At the Offering price
of $10.00 per share, GSHD incurred total compensation expense of $6.2 million in connection with the conversion, recognized in the second quarter of 2018.
Class B interests in GF were also deemed vested by converting, along with all pre-offering Class A equity, on a one-to-one basis with the number of LLC units previously owned, to both LLC Units and shares of Class B common stock. This conversion changed the nature of the Class B interests from a profit sharing arrangement to a substantive class of equity and were expensed under the guidance of ASC 718. At the initial public offering price of $10.00 per share, the Company issued a total of 2.0 million LLC Units and shares of Class B common stock and incurred total compensation expense of $19.8 million as part of the conversion, recognized in the second quarter of 2018.
Stock options:
In connection with the IPO, GSHD granted 1,650 thousand options to directors and certain employees. The stock options were granted with a strike price of $10.00 per share (the initial public offering price). The 365 thousand director stock options vest quarterly over a three-year period, and the 1,285 thousand employee stock options vest annually from 2020 to 2022. The grant date fair value was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model using the following assumptions:
Expected volatility25 %
Expected dividend yield— 
Expected term (in years)5.95
Risk-free interest rate2.59 %
GSHD will recognize the total compensation expense of $5.2 million related to such option grants on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award recipient (three years for directors and four years for certain employees).
In April 2018, GSHD adopted the Omnibus Incentive Plan, which reserved 1.5 million shares of Class A Common Stock for delivery to directors, officers, and managing directors in connection with future awards granted under the plan. GSHD also adopted an Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"), which reserved 20 thousand shares of Class A Common Stock for delivery to employees. On March 7, 2019, GSHD’s Board of Directors amended the Omnibus Incentive Plan, increasing the number of shares available under the plan to 3.0 million shares. On the same date, GSHD’s Board of Directors approved an increase in the total number of shares available under the ESPP to 30 thousand shares. There were 21 thousand and 13 thousand shares outstanding related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan at December 31, 2020 and 2019.
On April 1, 2020, the Company granted an additional 900,000 stock options to its Managing Directors at an exercise price equal to $40.88 per share. The grant date fair value of $16.31 per option was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model using the following assumptions:

Expected volatility40 %
Expected dividend yield— %
Expected term (in years)6.5
Risk-free interest rate0.47 %

A summary of stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 is as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):
Stock OptionsWeighted Average Exercise PriceAggregate Intrinsic ValueWeighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Outstanding as January 1, 2018
— $— $— 
Granted1,650 10.00 5,153 
Exercised— — — 
Forfeited— — — 
Expired— — — 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018
1,650 $10.00 $5,153 
Granted80 34.50 815 
Exercised— — — 
Forfeited— — — 
Expired— — — 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2019
1,730 $11.13 $5,969 
Granted1,010 41.24 16,322 
Exercised(450)10.00 1,390 
Forfeited— — — 
Expired— — — 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2020
2,290 $24.63 $20,901 8.15
Options vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2020
313 $10.00 $958 7.25
Options expected to vest as of December 31, 2020
1,977 $26.95 $19,943 8.28