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Property and Equipment
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Property and Equipment  
Property and Equipment

5. Property and Equipment

The following table summarizes the Company’s property and equipment at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

2023

2022

Property and equipment:

Oil and gas properties, successful efforts method

Proved properties

$

160,263,511

$

148,326,265

Unproved properties

25,504,873

18,169,157

Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment

(113,708,210)

(107,729,293)

Total oil and gas properties, net

72,060,174

58,766,129

Gathering system

42,738,273

42,639,001

Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment

(35,539,996)

(34,500,740)

Total gathering system, net

7,198,277

8,138,261

Land

637,764

637,764

Buildings and other property and equipment, net

291,807

286,035

Total property and equipment, net

$

80,188,022

$

67,828,189

Asset Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Epsilon made the following three acquisitions. Management determined that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired were concentrated in oil and gas properties and therefore accounted for these transactions as asset acquisitions and allocated the purchase price based on the relative fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. There were no asset acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2022.

a 10% interest in two wellbores located in Eddy County, New Mexico for total consideration of $2.1 million paid in cash.
a 25% working interest in 1,297 gross acres in Ector County, Texas for total consideration of $1.3 million paid in cash.
a 25% working interest in 11,067 gross acres in Ector County, Texas for total consideration of $6.3 million paid in cash.

Property Sale

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Epsilon sold two wellbore-only Oklahoma assets for $12,498. This sale resulted in a loss of $1.45 million. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Epsilon sold one wellbore-only Oklahoma asset for $200,000.  This sale resulted in a gain of $0.22 million.

Property Impairment

Epsilon performs a quantitative impairment test whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset group's carrying amount may not be recoverable. When indicators of impairment are present, the Company first compares expected future undiscounted cash flows by asset group to their respective carrying values. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, a reduction of the carrying amount to the estimated fair values is required. This is determined based on discounted cash flow techniques using significant assumptions including production volumes, future commodity prices, and a market-specific weighted average cost of capital which are affected by expectations about future market and economic conditions. Additionally, U.S. GAAP requires that if an exploratory well is determined not to have found proved reserves, the costs incurred, net of any salvage value, are charged to expense. For unproved properties, such as leasehold costs, expected current and future market prices for similar assets are considered relative to carrying values in evaluating impairment.

No impairment was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.