0001213900-21-023343.txt : 20210429 0001213900-21-023343.hdr.sgml : 20210429 20210428192314 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001213900-21-023343 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 20-F PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 10 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20201231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20210429 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20210428 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: INX Ltd CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001725882 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SECURITY & COMMODITY BROKERS, DEALERS, EXCHANGES & SERVICES [6200] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: J1 FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 20-F SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-233363 FILM NUMBER: 21866396 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1.23 WORLD TRADE CENTER, BAYSIDE ROAD CITY: GIBRALTAR STATE: J1 ZIP: GX111AA BUSINESS PHONE: 35020044201 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1.23 WORLD TRADE CENTER, BAYSIDE ROAD CITY: GIBRALTAR STATE: J1 ZIP: GX111AA 20-F 1 f20f2020_inxlimited.htm ANNUAL REPORT

 

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549

 

FORM 20-F

 

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

OR

 

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020

 

OR

 

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                      to                  

 

OR

 

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

Date of event requiring this shell company report                 

 

Commission File No.: 333-233363

 

INX LIMITED
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

 

Gibraltar

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 

Unit 1.02, 1st Floor

6 Bayside Road

Gibraltar, GX11 1AA

Tel: +350 200 79000

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

Shy Datika

Unit 1.02, 1st Floor

6 Bayside Road

Gibraltar, GX11 1AA

Tel: +350 200 79000

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

  

Copies to:

 

Mark S. Selinger, Esq.

Gary Emmanuel, Esq.

McDermott Will & Emery, LLP
340 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10173
(212) 547-5400

 

 

 

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: INX Tokens

 

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 13,639,451 Ordinary shares of GBP 0.001 par value

 

Indicate by check mark whether Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.     Yes    ☐    No  ☒

 

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.     Yes    ☐    No   ☒

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes    ☒  No    ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes   ☐    No   ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated Filer ☐ Accelerated Filer ☐ Non-accelerated Filer ☒ Emerging growth company ☒

 

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the Registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

U.S. GAAP ☐ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☒ Other ☐

 

If “Other” has been check in response to the previous question, by check mark which financial statement item Registrant has elected to follow.    Item 17 ☐    Item 18 ☐

 

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ☐   No    ☒

 

 

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION

 

We are INX Limited, a Gibraltar private company limited by shares.

 

Unless indicated otherwise by the context, all references in this registration statement to “INX Limited”, the “Company”, “our Company”, “we”, “us”, “our” or the “Registrant” are to INX Limited and its subsidiaries.

 

EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY

 

As a company with less than $1.07 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other burdens that are otherwise applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. For example, we have elected to rely on the following exemptions:

 

  an exemption from complying with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis); and

 

  an exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;

 

We may take advantage of the exemptions available for emerging growth companies for up to five years or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenue, have more than $700 million in market value of the ordinary shares held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period. We may choose to take advantage of some, but not all of these reduced burdens.

 

It should be noted that the JOBS Act permits an emerging growth company like us to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. We are choosing to “opt out” of this provision and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards as required when they are adopted. This decision to opt out of the extended transition period is irrevocable.

 

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

We have included in this registration statement our audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and for each of the two years ended December 31, 2020. Our consolidated financial statements appearing in this registration statement are prepared in U.S. Dollars and in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB, and are audited in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB.

  

MARKET, INDUSTRY AND OTHER DATA

 

This registration statement includes market and industry data and forecasts that were obtained from third-party sources, industry publications and publicly available information as well as industry data prepared by management on the basis of its knowledge of the industry in which INX operates (including management’s estimates and assumptions relating to the industry based on that knowledge). Management’s knowledge of the blockchain industry has been developed through its experience and participation in the industry. Management believes that its industry data is accurate and that its estimates and assumptions are reasonable, but there can be no assurance as to the accuracy or completeness of this data. Third-party sources generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but there can be no assurance as to the accuracy or completeness of such information. Although management believes it to be reliable, INX has neither independently verified any of the data from management or third-party sources referred to in this registration statement, nor analyzed or verified the underlying studies or surveys relied upon or referred to by such sources, or ascertained the underlying economic assumptions relied upon by such sources. In addition, assumptions and estimates of our and our industry’s future performance are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in Item 3.D “Risk Factors” below.

 

Statements made in this registration statement concerning the contents of any contract, agreement or other document are summaries of such contracts, agreements or documents and are not complete descriptions of all of their terms. If we filed any of these documents as an exhibit to this registration statement, you may read the document itself for a complete description of its terms, and the summary included herein is qualified by reference to the full text of the document which is incorporated by reference into this registration statement. 

 

 

 

 

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Some of the statements contained in this annual report with respect to our business, financial condition and results of operations are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, and other federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. The use of the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “continue”, “could”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intends”, “may”, “might”, “plan”, “possible”, “potential”, “predict”, “project”, “should”, “would”, and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not a forward-looking statement. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated or implied in such forward-looking statements. No assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct and such forward-looking statements included in this annual report should not be unduly relied upon. Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the risk factors discussed throughout this annual report. Some of the risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from estimates or projections contained in the forward-looking statements include but are not limited to:

 

   our ability to develop INX Digital and INX Securities trading platforms as contemplated, or at all;
     
  the slowing or stopping of the development or acceptance of blockchain assets;

 

  the limitations of blockchain technology, which remains largely novel and untested;
     
  the legal framework of regulations applicable to blockchain technologies, cryptocurrencies, security tokens and token offerings;
     
  our ability to identify a custodial relationship arrangement that FINRA or the SEC will approve as meeting the requirements of Rule 15c3-3 and to obtain a broker-dealer license;
     
  changes in how we are taxed;
     
  the lack of any existing marketplace for blockchain assets;

 

  our lack of an operating history;
     
  the impact of competition and new technologies;

 

  our ability to obtain government regulations and approvals;
     
  industry developments affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations;

 

  our ability to cooperate with third party collaborators, including contractors for the design, development and implementation of our trading platform infrastructure;

 

  our operating performance and cash flow, or lack thereof;

 

  global market, political, and economic conditions; and

 

  those factors referred to in “Risk Factors,” “Business,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” as well as in this prospectus generally.

 

These statements are only current predictions and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from those anticipated by the forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks in this prospectus in greater detail under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events.

 

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by law, we are under no duty to update or revise any of the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this prospectus.

 

The foregoing list sets forth some, but not all, of the factors that could affect our ability to achieve results described in any forward-looking statements. You should read this annual report and the documents that we reference herein and have filed as exhibits to the annual report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. You should assume that the information appearing in this annual report is accurate as of the date hereof. Because the risk factors referred to on page in Item 3.D. “Risk Factors” of this annual report, could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We qualify all of the information presented in this annual report, and particularly our forward-looking statements, by these cautionary statements.

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I      1
  ITEM 1.   IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS. 1
    A. Directors and Senior Management. 1
    B. Advisers. 1
    C. Auditors. 1
  ITEM 2.   OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE. 1
  ITEM 3.   KEY INFORMATION. 1
    A. Selected Financial Data. 2
    B. Capitalization and Indebtedness. 3
    C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds. 3
    D. Risk Factors. 3
  ITEM 4.   INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY. 33
    A. History and Development of the Company. 33
    B. Business Overview. 34
    C. Organizational Structure. 48
    D. Property, Plants and Equipment. 48
  ITEM 5.   OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS. 48
    A. Operating Results. 48
    B. Liquidity and Capital Resources. 55
    C. Research and Development. 55
    D. Trend Information. 55
    E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. 55
    F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations. 56
  ITEM 6.   DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES. 56
    A. Directors and Senior Management. 56
    B. Compensation. 60
    C. Board Practices. 61
    D. Employees. 70
    E. Share Ownership. 70
  ITEM 7.   MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. 74
    A. Major Shareholders. 74
    B. Related Party Transactions. 75
    C. Interests of Experts and Counsel. 81
  ITEM 8.   FINANCIAL INFORMATION. 81
    A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information. 81
    B. Significant Changes. 81
  ITEM 9.   THE OFFER AND LISTING. 81
    A. Offer and Listing Details. 82
    B. Plan of Distribution. 82
    C. Markets. 82
    D. Selling Shareholders. 82
    E. Dilution. 82
    F. Expenses of the Issue. 82
  ITEM 10.   ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. 82
    A. Share Capital. 82
    B. Memorandum and Articles of Association. 82
    C. Material Contracts. 82
    D. Exchange Controls. 82
    E. Taxation. 83
    F. Dividends and Paying Agents. 85
    G. Statement by Experts. 85
    H. Documents on Display. 85
    I. Subsidiary Information. 85
  ITEM 11.   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK. 86
  ITEM 12.   DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES. 86
    A. Debt Securities. 86
    B. Warrants and rights. 86
    C. Other Securities. 86
    D. American Depositary Shares. 86

 

i

 

 

PART II      87
  ITEM 13.   DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES. 87
  ITEM 14.   MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS. 87
  ITEM 15.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES. 87
  ITEM 16. A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT. 78
  ITEM 16. B. CODE OF ETHICS. 87
  ITEM 16. C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES. 88
  ITEM 16. D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES. 88
  ITEM 16. E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS. 88
  ITEM 16. F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT. 88
  ITEM 16. G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. 88
  ITEM 16. H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE. 88
PART III      89
  ITEM 17.   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 89
  ITEM 18.   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 89
  ITEM 19.   EXHIBITS. 90

 

ii

 

 

PART I

 

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

 

A. Directors and Senior Management.

 

For the names, business addresses and functions of our directors and senior management, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees – A. Directors and Senior Management” and “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees – C. Board Practices.”

 

B. Advisers.

 

Our principal United States legal advisors are McDermott Will & Emery LLP, located at 340 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10173-1922. Our principal Israeli legal advisers are Horn & Co. Law Offices, Amot Investments Tower 2 Weizmann Street, 24th Floor, Tel Aviv 6423902, Israel. Our principal Gibraltar legal advisers are Hassans International Law Firm Limited Madison Building, Midtown, Queensway, Gibraltar GX11 1AA

 

C. Auditors. 

 

The consolidated financial statements of INX Limited as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 and for the years then ended appearing in this annual report have been audited by Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer, a member of Ernst & Young Global and an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. The offices of Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer are located at 144A Menachem Begin Street, 6492102 Tel-Aviv, Israel.

 

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

 

A. Selected Financial Data.

 

You should read the following selected financial data in conjunction with “Item 4. Information on the Company,” “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and the financial statements, related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this annual report.

 

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated statement of comprehensive loss and summary of our consolidated balance sheet data for the periods indicated. Our consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated financial data for the years then ended, have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our selected consolidated financial information for the periods indicated should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results expected in the future.

 

1

 

 

Summary Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss 

(U.S. Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

   Year ended
December 31,
   Year ended
December 31,
 
   2020   2019 
         
Operating expenses:        
Research and development   1,581    468 
Sales and marketing   2,153    108 
General and administrative   7,847    2,324 
           
Loss from operations   11,581    2,900 
           
Fair value adjustment of INX Token liability   12,518    762 
Fair value adjustment of INX Token warrant liability   209    92 
Finance expense   23    70 
Finance income   -    (135)
           
Loss and total comprehensive loss   24,331    3,689 
           
Loss per share, basic and diluted   2.00    0.32 
           
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted   12,152,006    11,395,273 

 

Summary Balance Sheet Data

 

   December 31, 
   2020   2019 
         
Total Assets   8,085    387 
Working Capital   (21,778)   (1,546)
Total Liabilities   29,831    1,933 
Total Equity   (21,746)   (1,546)

 

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness.
   

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of December 31, 2020 (unless stated otherwise). You should read the following table in conjunction with the sections titled “Selected Financial Data,” “Item 4. Information on the Company,” “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” and our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

(U.S, Dollars in thousands except share and per share data)  December 31,
2020
(audited)
 
Cash and cash equivalents   7,581 
Restricted cash   - 
Total liabilities   29,831 
Equity:     
Ordinary shares of GBP 0.001 par value - Authorized: 100,000,000; Issued and Outstanding: 13,639,451.   18 
Share premium   10,866 
Receivable on account of shares   (9)
Conversion option of convertible loan   46 
Accumulated deficit   (32,667)
Total equity (deficit)   (21,746)
Total liabilities and equity  $8,085 

 

2

 

 

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds.

 

Not applicable.

 

D. Risk Factors.

 

Investing in INX Tokens involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks we describe below, along with all of the other information set forth in this prospectus, including the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and our financial statements and the related notes beginning on page F-1, before deciding to purchase INX Tokens. The risks and uncertainties described below are those significant risk factors, currently known and specific to us, that we believe are relevant to an investment in INX Tokens. If any of these risks materialize, our business, results of operations or financial condition could suffer, the price of INX Tokens could decline substantially and you could lose part or all of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we now deem immaterial may also harm us and adversely affect your investment in INX Tokens.

 

You may lose all monies that you spend purchasing INX Tokens. If you are uncertain as to our business and operations or you are not prepared to lose all monies that you spend purchasing INX Tokens, we strongly urge you not to purchase any INX Tokens. We recommend you consult legal, financial, tax and other professional advisors or experts for further guidance before participating in the offering of our INX Token as further detailed in this prospectus. Further, we recommend you consult independent legal advice in respect of the legality of your participation in the INX Token sale.

 

We do not recommend that you purchase INX Tokens unless you have prior experience with cryptographic tokens, blockchain-based software and distributed ledger technology and unless you have received independent professional advice.

 

Summary Risk Factors

 

Our business is subject to numerous risks, as more fully described in the section titled “Risk Factors” immediately following this prospectus summary. You should read and carefully consider these risks and all of the other information in this prospectus, including the financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus, before deciding whether to invest in INX Tokens. In particular, such risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

  We may not be able to develop the INX Digital and INX Securities trading platforms as contemplated or at all, or receive the regulatory approvals necessary to operate our business as currently contemplated.

 

  Blockchain networks represent a new and rapidly changing industry and there remains relatively limited use of blockchain networks and assets.

 

  Our company has no operating history.

 

  The prospect of Token holders receiving any distributions of our cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow is highly uncertain.

 

  Blockchain technology is an emerging technology that is novel and untested.

 

  The legal framework of regulations applicable to blockchain technologies, cryptocurrencies, security tokens and token offerings is uncertain and evolving quickly.

 

  We may face significant delays in receiving a broker-dealer license as a result of our inability to identify a custodial relationship arrangement that FINRA or the SEC will approve as meeting the requirements of Rule 15c3-3.

 

3

 

 

  Tax authorities may disagree with our tax positions with regard to the Company, its business and the INX Token and may ask us to revise these positions in a manner that could adversely affect you.

 

  The prices of blockchain assets are extremely volatile and fluctuations in the price of blockchain assets could materially affect our profits.

 

  There is currently no trading market for our INX Tokens and, if a trading market were to develop, the price of the INX Tokens may be volatile.

 

  Valuation of the INX Token is difficult and the offering price of the INX Tokens has been arbitrarily determined based on market conditions at the time of pricing and should not be used by an investor as an indicator of the fair market value of the INX Tokens.

 

  The market for trading blockchain assets is still in the early stages of development and we expect to face intense competition from both regulated and unregulated blockchain asset trading platforms .

  

  We may not receive regulatory approval in the various jurisdictions in which we plan to operate our businesses.

 

  We may not be able to prevent illegal activity from occurring over our platform, which could subject us to disciplinary action, including fines.

 

  Our securities business and related clearing operations expose us to material default and liquidity risk.

 

  Systems failures or capacity constraints could materially harm our ability to conduct our operations and execute our business strategy.

 

  Blockchain assets and blockchain trading platforms remain susceptible to security breaches and cybercrime and the INX Token, the Company or our trading platforms may be a target of cyber security breaches or theft.

  

  Company private keys that allow the unilateral transfer or “freezing” of INX Tokens may be compromised.

   

  The tax characterization of INX Tokens is uncertain and you must seek your own tax advice in connection with purchasing INX Tokens.

 

We have no operating history.  We may need to raise additional capital in the future to continue operations, which may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.

 

We are a recently formed company established under the laws of Gibraltar with minimal activity and no historical operating results. Since our date of inception in September 2017, we have incurred a loss from operations and, as of December 31, 2020, we have an accumulated deficit of $32,667,000. In addition to the accumulated deficit, we have entered into contractual arrangements committing us to future expenses. Additionally, we expect that we will incur approximately $19 million of expenses to complete the development of the two phases of development contained in our business plan. See “Item 1.B Business Overview – Phases of Development.”

 

We have not commenced operations of INX Trading Solutions. We may not have sufficient funding to complete our business plan. There is no guarantee that we will be able to raise any additional capital in the future or that additional capital will be available on acceptable terms.

 

Because we lack an operating history, you have no basis upon which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective. Our proposed operations are subject to all business risks associated with a new enterprise. The likelihood of our creation of a viable business must be considered in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications, and delays frequently encountered in connection with the inception of a business operating in a relatively new, highly competitive, and developing industry. There can be no assurance that we will ever generate any operating activity or develop and operate the business as planned. If we are unsuccessful at executing on our business plan, our business, prospects, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected and investors may lose all or a substantial portion of their investment.

 

4

 

 

RISKS RELATED TO BLOCKCHAIN ASSETS

 

Blockchain is a nascent and rapidly changing technology and there remains relatively small use of blockchain networks and blockchain assets in the retail and commercial marketplace. The slowing or stopping of the development or acceptance of blockchain networks may adversely affect an investment in our Company.

 

The development of blockchain networks is a new and rapidly evolving industry that is subject to a high degree of uncertainty. Factors affecting the further development of the blockchain industry include:

 

  continued worldwide growth in the adoption and use of blockchain networks and assets;

 

  the maintenance and development of the open-source software protocol of blockchain networks;

 

  changes in consumer demographics and public tastes and preferences;

 

  the popularity or acceptance of the Bitcoin or Ethereum networks;

 

  the availability and popularity of other forms or methods of buying and selling goods and services, including new means of using fiat currencies;

 

  government and quasi-government regulation of blockchain networks and assets, including any restrictions on access, operation and use of blockchain networks and assets; and

 

  the general economic environment and conditions relating to blockchain networks and assets.

 

Our business model is dependent on continued investment in and development of the blockchain industry and related technologies. If investments in the blockchain industry become less attractive to investors or innovators and developers, or if blockchain networks and assets do not gain public acceptance or are not adopted and used by a substantial number of individuals, companies and other entities, it could have a material adverse impact on our prospects and our operations.

 

The application of distributed ledger technology is novel and untested and may contain inherent flaws or limitations.

 

Blockchain is an emerging technology that offers new capabilities which are not fully proven in use. There are limited examples of the application of distributed ledger technology. In most cases, software used by blockchain asset issuing entities will be in an early development stage and still unproven. As with other novel software products, the computer code underpinning the INX Tokens and Ethereum blockchain may contain errors, or function in unexpected ways. Insufficient testing of smart contract code, as well as the use of external code libraries, may cause the software to break or function incorrectly. Any error or unexpected functionality may cause a decline in value of the INX Token and result in substantial losses to purchasers of INX Tokens.

 

If we discover errors or unexpected functionalities in the INX Token smart contract after it has been deployed, we may make a determination that the INX Token smart contract is defective and that its use should be discontinued. Although we intend to replace the INX Token and the INX Token smart contract with a new token using a new smart contract, we may be required to take certain measures, such as freezing digital wallet addresses so that such wallets cannot transfer INX Tokens, which may disrupt trading in the INX Tokens. Such a determination and our subsequent deployment of a new smart contract and replacement token could have a material effect of the value of any investment in the INX Token or our business.

 

5

 

 

The creation and operation of digital platforms for the public trading of blockchain assets will be subject to potential technical, legal and regulatory constraints. There is no warranty that the process for receiving, use and ownership of blockchain assets will be uninterrupted or error-free and there is an inherent risk that the software, network, blockchain assets and related technologies and theories could contain undiscovered technical flaws or weaknesses, the cryptographic security measures that authenticate transactions and the distributed ledger could be compromised, and breakdowns and trading halts could cause the partial or complete inability to use or loss of blockchain assets.

 

Risks associated with the distributed ledger technology could affect our business directly or the market for blockchain assets generally. In either case, the occurrence of these events could have a materially adverse effect on an investment in the Company.

 

The open-source structure of blockchain software means that blockchain networks may be susceptible to malicious cyber-attacks or may contain exploitable flaws, which may result in security breaches and the loss or theft of blockchain assets.

 

Most blockchain networks operate based on some form of open-source software. An open source project is not represented, maintained or monitored by an official organization or authority. Because of the nature of open-source software projects, it may be easier for third parties not affiliated with the issuer to introduce weaknesses or bugs into the core infrastructure elements of the blockchain network. This could result in the corruption of the open-source code which may result in the loss or theft of blockchain assets.

 

Blockchain networks may be the target of malicious attacks seeking to identify and exploit weaknesses in the software. Such events may result in a loss of trust in the security and operation of blockchain networks and a decline in user activity which could have a negative impact on the Company.

 

Each blockchain network, including the Ethereum network, is dependent upon its users and contributors, and actions taken, or not taken, by the users or contributors of a blockchain network could damage its reputation and the reputation of blockchain networks generally.

 

Developers and other contributors to blockchain network protocols generally maintain or develop those blockchain networks, including the verification of transactions on such networks. Because the networks are decentralized, these contributors are generally not directly compensated for their actions. Therefore, most blockchain networks provide that such contributors receive awards and transfer fees for recording transactions and otherwise maintaining the blockchain network. Such fees are generally paid in the blockchain asset of that network.

 

The security and integrity of blockchain assets, including the value ascribed to blockchain assets, relies on the integrity of the underlying blockchain networks. We are issuing the INX Token, an ERC20 blockchain asset that is programmed using a smart contract that is compatible with the Ethereum blockchain.

 

If the awards and fees paid for maintenance of a network are not sufficiently high to incentivize miners, miners may respond in a way that reduces confidence in the blockchain network. To the extent that any miners cease to record transactions in solved blocks, transactions that do not include the payment of a transfer fee will not be recorded on the blockchain until a block is solved by a miner who does not require the payment of transfer fees. Any widespread delays in the recording of transactions could result in a loss of confidence in the blockchain network and its assets. To the extent that this occurs with regard to blockchain networks that underlie the blockchain assets traded on our platforms, including the Ethereum network, it could have a materially adverse effect on an investment in the Company. To the extent that this occurs with regard to the Ethereum network, it could have a materially adverse effect on an investment in the INX Token.

 

The prices of blockchain assets are extremely volatile. Fluctuations in the price of Bitcoin, Ether and/or other blockchain assets could materially and adversely affect the Company.

 

The prices of blockchain assets such as Bitcoin and Ether have historically been subject to dramatic fluctuations and are highly volatile. As relatively new products and technologies, blockchain assets have only recently become accepted as a means of payment for goods and services, and such acceptance and use remains limited. Conversely, a significant portion of demand for blockchain assets is generated by speculators and investors seeking to profit from the short- or long-term holding of blockchain assets.

 

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In addition, some blockchain industry participants have reported that a significant percentage of blockchain asset trading activity is artificial or non-economic in nature and may represent attempts to manipulate the price of certain blockchain assets. For example, in a report published by Bitwise Asset Management8, Bitwise claimed that 95% of bitcoin trading activity appearing on 81 blockchain asset trading platforms is fake. Bitwise’s report further stated that trading platforms and blockchain asset developers are incentivized to artificially inflate trading volumes so that their platform or asset rises in league tables and gains prominence in the industry. As a result, trading platforms or blockchain assets may seek to inflate demand for a specific blockchain assets, or blockchain assets generally, which could increase the volatility of that asset or blockchain asset trading prices generally.

 

  8 https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-nysearca-2019-01/srnysearca201901-5164833-183434.pdf

 

The market price of these blockchain assets, as well as other blockchain assets that may be developed in the future, may continue to be highly volatile. A lack of expansion, or a contraction of adoption and use of blockchain assets, may result in increased volatility or a reduction in the price of blockchain assets.

 

Several additional factors may influence the market price of blockchain assets, including, but not limited to:

 

  Global blockchain asset supply;
     
  Global blockchain asset demand, which can be influenced by the growth of retail merchants’ and commercial businesses’ acceptance of blockchain assets like cryptocurrencies as payment for goods and services, the security of online blockchain asset trading platforms and digital wallets that hold blockchain assets, the perception that the use and holding of blockchain assets is safe and secure, and the regulatory restrictions on their use;
     
  Changes in the software, software requirements or hardware requirements underlying the blockchain networks;
     
  Changes in the rights, obligations, incentives, or rewards for the various participants in blockchain networks;
     
  The cost of trading and transacting in blockchain assets, and whether such costs may become fixed or standardized;
     
  Investors’ expectations with respect to the rate of inflation;
     
  Interest rates;
     
  Currency exchange rates, including the rates at which blockchain assets may be exchanged for fiat currencies;
     
  Fiat currency withdrawal and deposit policies of blockchain asset trading platforms and liquidity on such platforms;
     
  Interruptions in service or other failures of major blockchain asset trading platforms;
     
  Investment and trading activities of large investors, including private and registered funds, that may directly or indirectly invest in blockchain networks or blockchain assets;

  

  Monetary policies of governments, trade restrictions, currency devaluations and revaluations;
     
  Regulatory measures, if any, that affect the use of blockchain assets;

 

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  The maintenance and development of the open-source software utilized in blockchain networks;
     
  Global or regional political, economic or financial events and situations; or
     
  Expectations among blockchain network participants that the value of such blockchain assets will soon change.

 

A decrease in the price of a single blockchain asset may cause volatility in the entire blockchain industry and may affect other blockchain assets. For example, a security breach that affects investor or user confidence in Ether or Bitcoin may affect the industry as a whole and may also cause the price of other blockchain assets to fluctuate.

 

The value of blockchain assets and fluctuations in the price of blockchain assets could materially and adversely affect our business and investment in the Company.

 

The regulatory regimes governing blockchain technologies, blockchain assets and the purchase and sale of blockchain assets are uncertain, and new regulations or policies may materially adversely affect the development of blockchain networks and the use of blockchain assets.

 

Initially, it was unclear how distributed ledger technologies, blockchain assets and the businesses and activities utilizing such technologies and assets would fit into the current web of government regulation. As blockchain networks and blockchain assets have grown in popularity and in market size, international, federal, state and local regulatory agencies have begun to clarify their position regarding the sale, purchase, ownership and trading of blockchain assets.

 

Regulation of the trading of blockchain assets has evolved significantly over the past year. On November 16, 2018, the Division of Corporation Finance, Division of Investment Management, and Division of Trading and Markets issued the Statement on Digital Asset Securities Issuance and Trading, confirming the applicability of the federal securities law framework to new and emerging technologies, such as blockchain assets. The Statement summarized the Commission’s stance with regard to actors and institutions that sell security tokens in initial offerings or develop and facilitate the secondary market for security tokens. Although the Statement provides additional guidance to participants in the blockchain asset marketplace, in general the regulation of blockchain assets under the current regulatory framework applicable to currencies or securities remains in its early stages and is subject to uncertainty.

 

In addition, various legislative and executive bodies in the United States and in other countries have shown that they intend to adopt legislation to regulate the sale and use of blockchain assets. Such legislation may vary significantly among jurisdictions, which may subject participants in the blockchain trading marketplace to different and perhaps contradictory requirements.

 

New or changing laws and regulations or interpretations of existing laws and regulations, in the United States and elsewhere, may materially and adversely impact the development and growth of blockchain networks and the adoption and use of blockchain assets. The imposition of restrictions on all blockchain assets, or certain blockchain assets, could affect the value, liquidity and market price of blockchain assets subject to heighten regulation, by limiting access to marketplaces or exchanges on which to trade such blockchain assets, or imposing restrictions on the structure, rights and transferability of such blockchain assets. Some governments may seek to ban transactions in blockchain assets altogether. See “Item 1.B Business Overview — Regulatory Oversight of Blockchain Assets.”

 

The Company may be prevented from entering, or it may be required to cease operations in, a jurisdiction that makes it illegal or commercially unviable or undesirable to operate in such jurisdiction. Enforcement, or the threat of enforcement, may also drive a critical mass of participants and trading activity away from regulated markets, such as those provided by INX Trading Solutions, and toward unregulated exchanges. Although it is impossible to predict the positions that will be taken by certain governments, any regulatory changes affecting blockchain assets could be substantial and materially adverse to the development and growth of our business and investment in the Company.

 

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RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMPANY’S OPERATIONS

 

Our ability to develop INX Trading Solutions faces operational, technological and regulatory challenges and we may not be able to develop the INX Trading Solutions as contemplated or at all.  

 

We may not be able to develop INX Trading Solutions, including the INX Digital and INX Securities trading platforms, as contemplated by our business model or at all. In addition, a number of factors could materially adversely affect our ability to commercialize and generate any revenue from our proposed INX Trading Solutions platforms. 

 

The development, structuring, launch and maintenance of our trading platforms could lead to unanticipated and substantial costs, delays or other operational or financial difficulties. Our proposed platforms are complex and their creation requires the integration of multiple technologies and the development of new software. There can be no assurance that we will have the financial and technological resources necessary to complete the development of our trading platforms if their development costs more than we have estimated or requires technology and expertise that we do not have and cannot develop. Even if we are able to develop INX Trading Solutions as contemplated, we may not be able to develop our platforms on a timely basis.

 

Further, there can be no assurance that our platforms will gain the acceptance of customers or other market participants. Because blockchain asset trading is in its early stages, it is difficult to predict the preferences and requirements of blockchain asset traders and our platform design and technology may be incompatible with new or emerging forms of blockchain assets or related technologies. Failure to achieve acceptance would impede our ability to develop and sustain a commercial business. 

 

In addition, there can be no assurance that our platform will qualify for registrations that we are seeking or we plan to seek with the SEC, FINRA, U.S. state regulators and various other regulatory bodies both in the U.S. and in other countries. We intend that one of our subsidiaries, INX Digital, will obtain state money transmitter licenses in order to operate a trading platform for cryptocurrencies. In addition, we intend that another of our U.S. subsidiaries, INX Services, will register as a broker-dealer to act as an introducing broker and subsequently to operate an alternative trading system for security tokens. In addition, if in the future we determine to proceed with the establishment of a platform for the trading of derivatives, we would be required to seek registrations with other regulatory bodies, such as the CFTC.

 

We may fail to qualify for registrations under any of these authorities or we may be required to alter our business model as currently contemplated in order to meet the requirements of these regulatory authorities. Either of these results would have a broad impact on us and could have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and prospects and, as a result, investors could lose all or most of their investment. 

 

Because distributions to the INX Token holders are dependent on our cash flow, our failure to develop the INX Trading Solutions platforms, failure of the INX Trading Solutions platforms to gain regulatory approvals or failure of the INX Trading Solutions platforms to gain acceptance may prevent us from paying a distribution to the INX Token holders. Further, our failure to develop the INX Securities trading platform would prevent INX Token holders from using INX Tokens as payment for transaction fees on the INX Securities trading platform. Such adverse effects would impact the utility, liquidity, and the trading price of INX Tokens and potentially render INX Tokens worthless.

 

INX Securities trading platform depends upon security tokens being transferred to and held by a custodian before being traded on our INX Securities trading platform; however, we have been unsuccessful in identifying a custodian relationship that the SEC has determined will satisfy our obligations under Rule 15c3-3 of the Exchange Act with regard to providing custodial services for security tokens.

 

The model for our INX Securities trading platform envisions that security tokens traded on the platform will be transferred to a digital wallet held by one of our custodians, which transfer is recorded on the blockchain ledger that underlies such security token. Once a security token is deposited with our custodian, trades on our INX Securities trading platforms will be recorded only on our internal centralized servers, and they will not be recorded on a blockchain ledger.

 

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Exchange Act Rule 15c3-3, known as the Customer Protection Rule, imposes several obligations on securities brokers and dealers, including an obligation to obtain possession or control of securities that its customers have purchased. After registering as a broker-dealer, INX Services plans to meet its obligations under Rule 15c3-3 with regard to security tokens traded by its customers by engaging a custodian and delivering the majority of its customers’ security tokens to a segregated account controlled by such custodian. Prior to obtaining a broker-dealer license, INX Services is required to demonstrate that it is able to comply with Rule 15c3-3.

 

There is currently significant uncertainty regarding the application of Rule 15c3-3 and other federal securities laws and regulations to market intermediaries that seek to facilitate the trading of security tokens. On July 8, 2019, the SEC Division of Trading and Markets and FINRA Office of General Counsel issued the Joint Staff Statement on Broker-Dealer Custody of Digital Assets, stating that established laws and practices that the Staffs recognize as enabling broker-dealers to comply with aspects of the Customer Protection Rule may not be available or effective in the case of blockchain assets. On December 23, 2020, the SEC issued a statement and request for comment regarding the custody of digital asset securities by broker-dealers in accordance with Rule 15c3-3. The guidance sets forth the SEC’s position that, for a period of five years, a broker-dealer operating under the circumstances set forth in the guidance will not be subject to a Commission enforcement action on the basis that the broker-dealer deems itself to have obtained and maintained physical possession or control of customer fully paid and excess margin digital asset securities. These circumstances, among other things, include that the broker-dealer limits its business to digital asset securities, establishes and implements policies and procedures reasonably designed to mitigate the risks associated with conducting a business in digital asset securities, and provides customers with certain disclosures regarding the risks of engaging in transactions involving digital asset securities. The SEC is requesting comment to gain additional insight into the evolving standards and best practices with respect to custody of digital asset securities. We have yet to identify a custodial arrangement for the secure holding of security tokens that FINRA or the SEC will approve as meeting the requirements of Rule 15c3-3.

 

If we are not able to identify such an arrangement, or if the FINRA delays in approving our broker-dealer license as a result of our custodial relationship, such failure or delay could prevent us from developing the INX Securities trading platform or other operations of INX Services as currently envisioned. This would have a material adverse effect on the ability to use the INX Token as a means of payment for transaction fees on the INX Securities trading platform, and would further negatively affect our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and prospects and, as a result, investors could lose all or most of their investment.

 

We expect to face intense competition from other companies and, if we are not able to successfully compete, our business, financial condition and operating results will be materially harmed. 

 

We expect to encounter competition in all aspects of our business, including from entities having substantially greater capital and resources, offering a wide range of products and services and in some cases operating under a different and possibly less stringent regulatory regime.

 

We will face competition from other securities, futures and securities option exchanges; over-the-counter markets (OTC); clearing organizations; large industry participants; swap execution facilities; alternative trade execution facilities; technology firms, including electronic trading system developers, and others. New entrants may enter the market with alternative methods of providing trade execution and related services, and existing competitors may launch new initiatives.

 

Many of these competitors have greater financial, marketing, technological and personnel resources than we do. In addition, many of our competitors may offer a wider range of bundled services, have broader name recognition, and have larger customer bases than we do.

 

Our ability to develop competitive advantages will require continued enhancements to our products, investment in the development of our services, additional marketing activities and enhanced customer support services. There can be no assurance that we will have resources to make sufficient investments in the development of our services, that our competitors will not devote significantly more resources to competing services or that we will otherwise be successful in developing market share. If competitors offer superior services, our market share could be affected and this would adversely impact our business and results of operations.

 

10

 

 

Failure to keep up with rapid changes in industry-leading technology, products and services could negatively impact our results of operations.

 

The financial services industry is subject to rapid technological change and evolving industry standards. User demands become greater and more sophisticated as the dissemination of products and information to customers increases. If we are unable to anticipate and respond to the demand for new services, products and technologies, innovate in a timely and cost-effective manner and adapt to technological advancements and changing standards, we may be unable to compete effectively, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Many of our competitors have significantly greater resources than we do to fund research and development initiatives. Moreover, the development of technology-based services is a complex and time-consuming process. New products and enhancements to existing products can require long development and testing periods. Significant delays in new product releases, failure to meet key deadlines, or significant problems in creating new products could negatively impact our revenues and profits.

 

We may not receive regulatory approval in the various jurisdictions in which we plan to operate our businesses.

 

We are seeking or we plan to seek registrations with the SEC, FINRA, U.S. state regulators and various other regulatory bodies both in the U.S. and in other countries. We intend that one of our subsidiaries, INX Digital, will apply for state money transmitter licenses in order to operate a trading platform for cryptocurrencies. In addition, we intend that another of our U.S. subsidiaries, INX Services, will register as a broker-dealer to act, at least initially, as an introducing broker and subsequently to operate INX Securities as an ATS for security tokens.

 

To establish INX Securities as an ATS, INX Services will be required to file a Form ATS with the SEC. The Form ATS will include a description of the processes, rules and procedures that will govern the trading of security tokens on the INX Securities trading platform.

 

However, there is currently significant uncertainty regarding the application of federal and state laws to the trading of digital assets, including regulations governing the conduct of market intermediaries to the trading of security tokens. In addition, such processes, rules and procedures remain subject to our further development of the INX Securities trading platform infrastructure. These and other factors may cause significant delay or may prevent us from developing our trading platforms, including the development of the INX Securities trading platform as an ATS as currently envisioned.

 

If we fail to qualify with any of these authorities, we may be unable to execute our business plan as a provider of financial services. This would have a broad impact on us and could have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and prospects and, as a result, investors could lose all or most of their investment. In addition, any such action could also cause us significant reputational harm, which, in turn, could seriously harm the Company.

 

Firms in the financial services industry have experienced increased scrutiny in recent years. Such regulatory or other actions may lead to penalties, fines, disbarment and other sanctions which could place restrictions or limitations on our operations and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our businesses.

 

The securities markets and the brokerage industry in which we operate are subject to extensive, evolving regulation that imposes significant costs and competitive burdens that could materially impact our business.

 

Most aspects of our broker-dealer operations will be highly regulated, including regulated oversight over sales and reporting practices, operational compliance, capital requirements and licensing of employees. Accordingly, we face the risk of significant intervention by regulatory authorities such as the SEC and FINRA in the U.S. and their equivalents in other countries.

 

11

 

 

Compliance with regulations may require us and our customers to dedicate significant financial and operational resources that could result in some participants leaving our markets or decreasing their trading activity, which would negatively affect our profitability. We expect to continue to incur significant costs to comply with the extensive regulations that apply to our business.

 

See “Item 1.B Business Overview — Regulation of Our Trading Platform” for a description of potential regulation of our business.

 

As we expand our business, we may be exposed to increased and different types of regulatory requirements. We may become subject to new regulations or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing regulations, which may adversely affect our business. Also, regulatory changes that impact how our customers conduct their business may impact our business and results of operations. The U.S. federal government and other governments outside of the United States may implement new or revised regulatory requirements for the financial services industry. Any changes to the regulatory rules could cause us to expend more significant compliance, business and technology resources, incur additional operational costs and create additional regulatory exposure.

 

If we fail to comply with applicable laws, rules or regulations, we may be subject to censure, fines, cease-and-desist orders, suspension of our business, removal of personnel or other sanctions, including revocation of our broker-dealer registrations.

 

The extent to which blockchain assets are used to fund criminal or terrorist enterprises or launder the proceeds of illegal activities could materially impact our business.

 

The potential, or perceived potential, for anonymity in transfers of bitcoin and similar blockchain assets, as well as the decentralized nature of blockchain networks, has led some terrorist groups and other criminals to solicit bitcoins and other blockchain assets for capital raising purposes. As blockchain assets have grown in both popularity and market size, the U.S. Congress and a number of U.S. federal and state agencies have been examining the operations of blockchain assets, their users and exchanges, concerning the use of blockchain assets for the purpose of laundering the proceeds of illegal activities or funding criminal or terrorist enterprises.

 

In addition to the current market, new blockchain networks or similar technologies may be developed to provide more anonymity and less traceability. There is also the potential that other blockchain asset trading platforms may court such illicit activity by not adhering to know-your-customer and anti-money laundering practices.

 

We may not be able to prevent illegal activity from occurring over our platforms. We may be unable to detect the unauthorized use of a KYC/AML vetted account on one of our platforms. Further, we may be unable to verify whether private keys for wallets containing INX Tokens have been transferred to third parties who have not completed our KYC/AML process. Although we plan to implement procedures that will ensure that we remain in compliance with our KYC/AML obligations, we may not be successful in deterring or identifying illegal activity.

 

The use of blockchain assets for illegal purposes, or the perception of such use, over our platforms or on other trading platforms could result in significant legal and financial exposure, damage to our reputation, damage to the reputation of blockchain assets and a loss of confidence in the services provided by our platforms and the blockchain asset community as a whole. Our failure to meet our KYC/AML requirements could result in regulatory penalties which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

 

We may not have sufficient cash flow from operating activities, cash on hand and the ability to obtain borrowing capacity to finance required capital expenditures, fund strategic initiatives and meet our other cash needs. These obligations require a significant amount of cash, and we may need additional funds, which may not be readily available.

 

The viability of our business will be dependent on the availability of adequate capital to develop and maintain our business and meet our regulatory capital requirements. We will need to continue to invest in our operations for the foreseeable future to carry out our business plan. If INX Trading Solutions does not attract clients and does not achieve the expected operating results, we will need to seek additional financing or revise our business plan. Our ability to borrow additional funds may be impacted by financial lending institutions’ ability or willingness to lend to us on commercially acceptable terms.

 

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Low levels of operating cash flow together with limited access to capital or credit in the future could have an impact on our ability to meet our regulatory capital requirements, invest in our software and infrastructure, engage in strategic initiatives, make acquisitions or strategic investments in other companies, react to changing economic and business conditions, repay our outstanding debt, or make dividend payments. Such outcomes could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

 

Our business model depends, in part, on our ability to resell INX Tokens received as payment for transaction fees by INX Services. Resales by the Company of such Tokens require compliance with the registration requirements of the Securities Act. If we are unable to register such Tokens, there may not be a sustainable market in INX Tokens and we may be unable to execute our business plan.

 

We anticipate that users of the INX Securities trading platform will be incentivized to use INX Tokens as payment for transaction fees on the platform. Because only a finite amount of INX Tokens exist, Tokens received as payment will reduce the availability of INX Tokens unless the Company resells Tokens pursuant to a future primary offering. We intend to file one or more registration statements to register for re-issuance of INX Tokens which INX Services receives as payment for transaction fees on the INX Securities trading platform, however the Company may not be eligible to do so, may experience delays in preparing these registration statements or having these registration statements declared effective, or may not succeed in selling additional INX Tokens, either in registered offerings or offerings that are exempt from registration. If the Company is unable to re-issue INX Tokens received as payment for transaction fees, holders of INX Tokens may have reduced liquidity and the operations of INX Services and the INX Securities trading platform, and our business in general, may be adversely affected.

 

Our securities business and related clearing operations expose us to material default and liquidity risk.

 

We plan to self-clear blockchain asset transactions. Our clearing broker operations will expose us to counterparties with differing risk profiles. We plan to guarantee transactions submitted by our clearing broker with counterparties in the financial industry, including brokers and dealers, commercial banks, investment banks, mutual and hedge funds, and other institutional customers.

 

We may be required to finance our clients’ unsettled positions and we could be held responsible for the defaults of our clients. Default by our clients may also give rise to our incurring penalties imposed by execution venues, regulatory authorities and clearing and settlement organizations.

 

Regulatory agencies have recently required clearing and settlement organizations to increase the level of margin deposit requirements and they may continue to do so in the future. Growth in trading activity may lead to higher regulatory capital requirements. We cannot assure you that these capital requirements will be sufficient to protect market participants from a default or that we will not be adversely affected in the event of a significant default.

 

Broker-dealers are also subject to regulatory capital requirements promulgated by the applicable regulatory and exchange authorities of the countries in which they operate. The failure to maintain required regulatory capital may lead to suspension or revocation of a broker-dealer registration and suspension or expulsion by a regulatory body. If existing cash together with cash from operations are not sufficient, we may need to reject orders from clients and we may ultimately breach regulatory capital requirements.

 

Furthermore, if our broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to new or modified regulatory capital rules or requirements, or fines, penalties or sanctions due to increased or more stringent enforcement, it could materially limit or reduce the liquidity we may need to expand or even maintain our then-present levels of business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

13

 

 

We may be unable to maintain minimum net capital that meets regulatory requirements. Further, our commitment to maintain the Cash Fund may limit our ability to invest in our future growth.

 

Once INX Services is registered as a broker-dealer, it must maintain minimum net capital that satisfies the requirements under Rule 15c3-1 under the Exchange Act. Depending upon our future business activities, we may become subject to additional capital requirements in the United States or other foreign jurisdictions in which we may conduct business in the future.

 

In addition, we are committed to reserve 75% of the gross proceeds less payments to underwriters from our initial public offering in excess of $25 million to be available to cover customer and Company losses, if any, that result from cybersecurity breaches or theft, errors in execution of the trading platform or its technology, and counterparty defaults, including instances where counterparties lack sufficient collateral to cover losses. We refer to this amount as our “Cash Fund.” The Cash Fund is intended to provide additional comfort to our customers with respect to the financial stability of the Company.

 

In addition, we invest a significant level of resources in the continued development and operation of INX Trading Solutions. We cannot guarantee that we will have or will maintain any material amount of cash reserves. We may not have sufficient funding to complete our business plan.

 

Current and future regulations may require us to accumulate capital reserves in our subsidiaries which could limit our ability to carry on or expand our operations or may result in higher than anticipated costs for financing our operations. If we fail to maintain the required levels of capital, we may be required to suspend our broker-dealer operations during the period that we are not in compliance with capital requirements. If our reserves are insufficient to cover our future liabilities, we may be required to raise additional capital. Any one or all of these outcomes may have a material effect on our business.

 

There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient assets or that we will be able to obtain and maintain liability insurance on acceptable terms or with adequate coverage to cover our liabilities.

 

If our platform or the INX Token is alleged to have a flaw or is hacked such that our customers suffer significant losses, we may be subject to significant liability claims or regulatory action. We are committed to reserve 75% of the gross proceeds less payments to underwriters from our initial public offering in excess of $25 million to be available to cover customer and Company losses, if any, that result from cybersecurity breaches or theft, errors in execution of the trading platform or its technology, and counterparty defaults, including instances where counterparties lack sufficient collateral to cover losses. The Company will utilize the Cash Fund only in response to these events. However, the Cash Fund may be insufficient to cover all losses associated with significant liability claims. Further, the Company does not plan to replenish the Cash Fund after our initial public offering and after it has been used for these purposes.

 

Further, we do not currently have insurance to cover potential losses that may occur on our platform. Insurance coverage against such losses is expensive and may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Available insurance coverage may be subject to unfavorable terms and conditions and require payments of significant deductibles, or it may not be sufficient to cover all losses in the case of a claim. The inability to obtain sufficient insurance coverage on reasonable terms or to otherwise protect against potential liability claims could result in us becoming subject to significant liabilities that are uninsured.

 

We may experience systems failures or capacity constraints that could materially harm our ability to conduct our operations and execute our business strategy.

 

We will be heavily dependent on the capacity, reliability and security of the computer and communications systems and software supporting our operations. We plan to receive and/or process a large portion of our trade orders through electronic means, such as through public and private communications networks. Our systems, or those of our third party providers, may fail or be shut down or, due to capacity constraints, may operate slowly, causing one or more of the following to occur:

 

  unanticipated disruptions in service to our customers;

 

  slower response times and delays in our customers’ trade execution and processing;

 

14

 

 

  failed settlement of trades;

 

  incomplete or inaccurate accounting, recording or processing of trades;

 

  financial losses;

 

  security breaches;

 

  litigation or other customer claims;

 

  loss of customers; and

 

  regulatory sanctions.

 

If any of our systems do not operate properly, are compromised or are disabled, including as a result of system failure, employee or customer error or misuse of our systems, we could suffer financial loss, liability to customers, regulatory intervention or reputational damage that could affect demand by current and potential users of our market.

 

We will need to continue to upgrade, expand and increase the capacity of our systems as our business grows and as we execute our business strategy. Although many of our systems are designed to accommodate additional volume and products and services without redesign or replacement, we will need to continue to make significant investments in additional hardware and software to accommodate the increases in volume of transactions and order transaction traffic and to provide processing services to third parties. If we cannot increase the capacity and capabilities of our systems to accommodate an increasing volume of transactions and to execute our business strategy, our ability to maintain or expand our businesses would be adversely affected.

 

We face cyber-attack and other cyber security risks.

 

We regard the secure transmission of confidential information and the ability to continuously transact and clear on our electronic trading platforms as critical elements of our operations. Our technology, our people and those of our third party service providers and our customers may be vulnerable to targeted attacks, unauthorized access, fraud, computer viruses, denial of service attacks, terrorism, firewall or encryption failures and other security problems. Attackers may seek to steal information about our technology, financial data or user information or take other actions that would be damaging to the Company and/or holders of INX Tokens.

 

In addition, as the regulatory environment related to information security, data collection and use, and privacy becomes increasingly rigorous, with new and constantly changing requirements applicable to our business, compliance with those requirements could also result in additional costs.

 

The INX Token Distributed Ledger is publicly available and contains encrypted personal information. The misuse or theft of this information may give rise to breaches of privacy laws, fines and sanctions.

 

For many blockchain assets, distributed ledgers are used to record transfers of ownership of the asset. Information regarding ownership is most commonly represented by ledger balances and an owner’s public wallet address. Such information includes the complete transfer history from the inception of the respective blockchain asset and such information regarding ownership of the assets, including the public wallet address, is generally available to the public. For many blockchain assets, personal identifying information that is used to associate a public wallet address with its owner is typically maintained in a separate database that is not exposed to the public.

 

The INX Token smart contract contains a feature whereby encrypted personal information is stored within the token smart contract (rather than a private, centralized database). The Company will hold a private key which will enable decryption of such personal information.

 

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There are a number of data protection, security, privacy and other government- and industry-specific requirements that are implicated by utilizing a distributed ledger. If blockchain networks are unable to satisfy data protection, security, privacy, and other government-and industry-specific requirements, their growth could be harmed.

 

Further, if the key which enables decryption of personal information becomes comprised, personally identifiable information of INX Token holders may be revealed. Security breaches with respect to the holders’ personal identity information database could result in theft of the information necessary to link personal identity with public keys, and thus the stolen information could be used to determine the affected holder’s complete transfer history. Concerns over these issues may limit adoption of this novel trading system by a range of potential investors, reducing liquidity of blockchain assets.

 

Security attacks against the Company could result in a loss of the Company’s blockchain assets, including the INX Tokens, theft of personal information of our customers or damage to our reputation and our brand, each of which could adversely affect an investment in the Company. We could be required to incur significant expense to protect our systems and/or investigate any alleged attack.

 

Security breaches, computer malware and computer hacking attacks have been a prevalent concern since the launch of blockchain networks. Since 2011, more than $1.7 billion has been publicly reported stolen from cryptocurrency exchanges and investors. For example, in January 2018, about $500 million worth of blockchain assets were stolen from a major Japanese trading platform9. Our security system and operational infrastructure may be breached due to the actions of outside parties, error or malfeasance of an employee of ours, or otherwise. Techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and may be designed to remain dormant until a predetermined event. Outside parties may also attempt to fraudulently induce employees of ours to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our infrastructure. Furthermore, we believe that, as our assets grow, the Company may become a more appealing target for security threats such as hackers and malware.

 

In addition, the Company will hold private keys that allow it or its transfer agent, as applicable, the ability to “freeze” or reject automatically any digital wallet address from participating in transfers of INX Tokens, or unilaterally transfer INX Tokens out of a third-party digital wallet. If such private keys are compromised, all owners of INX Tokens are at risk of losing the ability to transfer their INX Token out of their digital wallet or they may have their INX Token transferred out of their digital wallet without their permission.

  

Our security measures may prove insufficient depending upon the attack or threat posed. We may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. As a result, an unauthorized party may obtain access to our private keys, company and customer data or blockchain assets.

 

Any such breach or unauthorized access could result in significant legal and financial exposure, damage to our reputation, and a loss of confidence in the services we provide that could potentially have an adverse effect on our business, while resulting in regulatory penalties or the imposition of burdensome obligations by regulators. In the event of a security breach, we may be forced to cease operations, or suffer a reduction in assets, the occurrence of each of which could adversely affect an investment in the Company.

 

The loss of key personnel, particularly Mr. Shy Datika, our President, could have a material adverse effect on us.

 

Our success depends solely on the continued services of key personnel, particularly Mr. Shy Datika, one of our founders, our controlling shareholder and President, who has extensive market knowledge and long-standing industry relationships. In particular, our reputation among and our relationships with key blockchain industry leaders are the direct result of a significant investment of time and effort by Mr. Datika to build credibility in a highly specialized industry. The loss of services of Mr. Shy Datika could diminish our business and growth opportunities and our relationships with key leaders in the blockchain industry and could have a material adverse effect on us.

 

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Our business will be adversely affected if we are unable to attract and retain talented employees, including sales, technology, operations and development professionals.

 

Our business operations will require highly specialized knowledge of the financial industry and of technological innovation as it applies to the financial industry. If we are unable to hire or retain the services of talented employees, including executive officers, other key management and sales, technology, operations and development professionals, we would be at a competitive disadvantage. In addition, recruitment and retention of qualified staff could result in substantial additional costs. The loss of the services of one or more of our executive officers or other key professionals or our inability to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to operate our business.

 

We have not identified all the persons that we will need to hire to provide services and functions critical to the development of the business and no assurance can be given that we will be able to hire the necessary persons on acceptable terms, if at all.

 

Our business is in its developmental stage and we have not identified all the persons that we will need to hire to provide services and functions critical to the development of the business. If we are unable to hire persons with the necessary expertise on terms acceptable to us then we will not be able to develop INX Trading Solutions as contemplated. Further, even if we are able to hire such service providers, they might be unable to meet our specifications and requirements, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to develop and launch our business plan.

 

9 https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/26/japanese-cryptocurrency-exchange-loses-more-than-500-million-to-hackers.html; See also http://blockgeeks.com/guides/cryptocurrency-hacks

 

As a financial services provider, we will be subject to significant litigation risk and potential commodity and securities law liability.

 

Many aspects of our business involve substantial litigation risks. We could be exposed to substantial liability under federal and state laws and court decisions, as well as rules and regulations promulgated and/or direct actions brought by the SEC, state securities regulators and other U.S. regulatory agencies.

 

These risks include, among others, potential liability from disputes over terms of a trade, the claim that a system failure or delay caused monetary losses to a customer, that we entered into an unauthorized transaction, that we provided materially false or misleading statements in connection with a transaction or that we failed to effectively fulfill our regulatory oversight responsibilities. We may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act with regard to our role and involvement with respect to any initial offerings of securities on the INX Securities trading platform, and our failure to comply with applicable federal securities laws may expose us to legal liability. We may be subject to disputes regarding the quality of trade execution, the settlement of trades or other matters relating to our services. We may become subject to these claims as a result of failures or malfunctions of our systems and services we provide.

 

We could incur significant legal expenses defending claims, even those without merit. In addition, an adverse resolution of any future lawsuit or claim against us could have a material adverse effect on our business and our reputation. To the extent we are found to have failed to fulfill our regulatory obligations, we could lose our authorizations or licenses or become subject to conditions that could make future operations more costly and impairing our profitability.

 

Our compliance and risk management programs might not be effective and may result in outcomes that could adversely affect our reputation, financial condition and operating results.

 

Our ability to comply with applicable laws and rules is largely dependent on our establishment and maintenance of compliance, review and reporting systems, as well as our ability to attract and retain qualified compliance and other risk management personnel. We face the risk of significant intervention by regulatory authorities, including extensive examination and surveillance activity.

 

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We cannot assure you that our compliance policies and procedures will always be effective or that we will always be successful in monitoring or evaluating our risks. In the case of alleged non-compliance with applicable laws or regulations, we could be subject to investigations and judicial or administrative proceedings that may result in substantial penalties or civil lawsuits, including by customers, for damages, which could be significant. Any of these outcomes may adversely affect our reputation, financial condition and operating results.

 

Operational risks, such as misconduct and errors of our employees or entities with which we do business, are difficult to detect and deter and could cause us reputational and financial harm.

 

Our employees and agents could engage in misconduct which may include conducting in and concealing unauthorized activities, improper use or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. We are at risk that our employees may engage in insider trading of the digital assets listed on one of our platforms which may lead to corporate actions, such as a suspension of trading, and legal actions that could have an adverse effect on the Company.

 

Further, our employees could make errors in recording or executing transactions for customers which would cause us to enter into transactions that customers may disavow and refuse to settle.

 

It is not always possible to deter misconduct by our employees, and the precautions we take to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. Our ability to detect and prevent errors or misconduct by entities with which we do business may be even more limited. Such misconduct could subject us to financial losses or regulatory sanctions and materially harm our reputation, financial condition and operating results.

 

Our operations of businesses outside of the United States and our acceptance of currencies other than the U.S. Dollar will subject us to currency risk.

 

Once we commercialize our INX Trading Solutions model, we intend to expand globally and portions of our revenues and expenses will be denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. In addition, the Company and its subsidiaries will accept various currencies as payment for the purchase of the INX Tokens or fees for services. Because our financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, we must translate non-U.S. dollar denominated revenues, income and expenses, as well as assets and liabilities, into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect during or at the end of each reporting period. These fluctuations may materially impact the translation of our non-U.S. results of operations and financial condition.

 

Increases or decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar against these other currencies may affect our operating results and the value of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies.

 

We will accept certain cryptocurrencies as payment for the purchase of INX Tokens and fees for services. Our holding of these cryptocurrencies will subject us to risks due to fluctuations in the value of these cryptocurrencies.

 

We may accept certain cryptocurrencies as payment for the purchase of INX Tokens and as payment for fees for services. These cryptocurrencies will be held until sold. Proceeds from the sale of such cryptocurrencies will be dependent on the U.S. dollar trading value for the respective cryptocurrency based on the relevant market or markets for that cryptocurrency. Decreases in the trading value of a cryptocurrency while it is held by us will result in a decrease in the operating results of the Company.

 

We may not be able to successfully execute our business strategy if we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940. 

 

In general, under the Investment Company Act, a U.S. company that does not qualify to use one of the “private investment company” (or other specialized) exemptions from investment company status, that has made (or proposes to make) a public offering of its securities and that is, or hold itself out as being, engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities must register, and is subject to regulation, as an investment company under that Act. In addition, in general, investment company status may apply (again, unless a specialized exemption is available) because a company owns “investment securities” (essentially, non-controlling interests in other companies’ securities or controlling interests in companies that have the characteristics of an investment company) constituting more than 40% of the value of the investing company’s unconsolidated assets (disregarding U.S. government securities and “cash items”). We intend that our future activities will not cause us to be considered an investment company.

 

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We may accept certain cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin or Ether) as payment for the purchase of INX Tokens and hold these cryptocurrencies until sold. Further, we intend that our subsidiaries, INX Digital and INX Services, will engage in the trading of cryptocurrencies and security tokens, respectively. During the initial operations of the Company, we intend that INX Digital will trade only cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin and Ether, that we have determined, after investigation, not to be securities. After INX Services, or a different U.S. subsidiary, is able to register as a broker and alternative trading system, we expect that it will engage in trading security tokens that will constitute securities, but that INX Services (or such subsidiary) will qualify to utilize an exemption from investment company status under Section 3(c)(2) of the Investment Company Act that applies to entities “primarily engaged in the business of underwriting and distributing securities issued by other persons, selling securities to customers, acting as broker, and acting as market intermediary, or any one or more of such activities, whose gross income normally is derived principally from such business and related activities.”

 

Accordingly, we believe that the cryptocurrencies that we or our subsidiaries will own and trade in will not be securities. In the case of trading in security tokens by a subsidiary that qualifies to use the Section 3(c)(2) exemption from investment company status, our ownership interest in that subsidiary will not constitute an “investment security” (as a result of the availability of the exemption). As a result, we believe we will not be primarily engaged in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities and that investment securities will not constitute more than 40% of the unconsolidated value of our total assets after eliminating holdings in U.S. government securities and cash items.

 

While we believe that our business activities will not cause us to be an investment company, if we were deemed to be, and were required to register as, an investment company, we would be forced to comply with substantive requirements under the Investment Company Act, including limitations on our ability to borrow, limitations on our capital structure, limitations on our ability to issue additional common stock, restrictions on acquisitions of interests in associated companies, prohibitions on transactions with affiliates, restrictions on specific investments, and compliance with governance, reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy disclosure and other statutory requirements and related rules and regulations. If we were forced to comply with those requirements, we would be required to change our structure and future operations from our current plans, could be prevented from successfully executing our business strategy and could be required to cease business.

 

We will need to implement strict finance and accounting systems, procedures and controls to operate our business.

 

We will be required to comply with a variety of reporting, accounting and other rules and regulations. Compliance with these requirements will be expensive. We will need to implement strict finance and accounting systems, procedures and controls to satisfy our reporting requirements and these requirements may increase our costs and require additional management time and resources. However, as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act we may not be required to, among other things, provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the PCAOB regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis). We have not completed an assessment, nor have our auditors tested, our systems of internal controls. For as long as we are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404. If our internal controls have undetected weaknesses or our internal control over financial reporting is determined to be ineffective, such failure could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, negatively affect the market price of the INX Token and adversely impact our business and financial condition. See “Item 15. Controls and Procedures.”

 

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Negative publicity could damage our business.

 

Developing and maintaining our reputation is critical to attracting and retaining customers and investors and for maintaining our relationships with our regulators. Our success depends on our ability to complete development of, successfully implement and maintain the electronic trading systems that have the functionality, performance, reliability and speed required by our customers. We must swiftly and effectively construct the INX Digital and INX Securities trading platform to remain competitive.

 

Negative publicity regarding our Company, INX Tokens, our key personnel or blockchain assets generally, whether based upon fact, allegation or perception and whether justified or not, could give rise to reputational risk which could significantly harm our business prospects.

 

We, as well as many of our potential customers, depend on third party suppliers and service providers for a number of services that are important. An interruption or cessation of an important supply or service by any third party could have a material adverse effect on our business, including revenues derived from our customers’ trading activity.

 

We will depend on a number of suppliers, such as banking, clearing and settlement organizations, on-line service providers, data processors, and software and hardware vendors, for elements of our trading, clearing and other systems, as well as communications and networking equipment, computer hardware and software and related support and maintenance. We also depend on third parties to provide Internet, telecommunication and fiber optic network connectivity to our data centers. Many of our customers rely on third parties, such as independent software vendors, to provide them with front-end systems to access our platform and other back office systems for their trade processing and risk management needs.

 

We cannot guarantee that these service providers will make the necessary monetary and time investments to provide services for our INX Trading Solutions model and changes to our interfaces and functionality that occur as we develop our business. To the extent any of our service providers or the organizations that provide services to our customers in connection with their trading activities cease to provide these services in an efficient, cost-effective manner or fail to adequately expand their services to meet our needs and the needs of our customers, we could experience decreased trading volume, lower revenues and higher costs which could adversely affect an investment in the Company.

 

Our revenues and profits will be substantially dependent on the trading volume in our markets. Our revenues and profits would be adversely affected if we are unable to develop and continually increase our trading volume once INX Trading Solutions becomes operational.

 

The success of our business depends, in part, on our ability to develop then continually increase our trading volume; develop and expand our product offerings or execution facilities; and attract new customers. Our success also depends on our ability to offer competitive prices and services in an increasingly price-sensitive business.

 

We cannot provide assurances that we will be able to develop and expand product lines, that we will be able to attract and retain customers or that we will be able to modify our pricing structure to compete effectively.

 

Trading volumes on blockchain asset trading platforms have historically been volatile. Such volatility may be the result of various factors, including fluctuations in the price of blockchain assets or periods of rapid expansion and contraction of adoption and use of blockchain assets. Trading volume will also be directly affected by domestic and international factors that are beyond our control, including:

 

  economic, political and geopolitical market conditions;

 

  legislative and regulatory changes, including any direct or indirect restrictions on or increased costs associated with trading in our markets;

 

  broad trends in the industry and financial markets;

 

  shifts in global or regional demand or supply in commodities underlying our products;

 

  competition;

 

  changes in government monetary policies, especially the regulation of tokens and the number of registered token offerings;

 

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  availability of capital to our market participants and their appetite for risk-taking;

 

  levels of assets under management;

 

  pandemics affecting our customer base or our ability to operate our markets; and

 

  consolidation in our customer base and within our industry.

 

Any one or more of these factors may contribute to reduced activity in our markets.

 

Declines in trading volume may negatively impact market liquidity, which could lead to further loss of trading volume. Material decreases in trading volume would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.

 

The revaluation of the INX Token liability to fair value for each reporting period may have a negative effect on our equity and our comprehensive income.

 

As more fully described in the notes to our financial statements, the INX Token liability is remeasured at each reporting period to fair value with changes in fair value recorded in profit or loss. Because there is no trading market for the INX Tokens, the fair value of each INX Token is currently determined by our management and the board of directors based on a valuation, derived from a draft third party share and token purchase agreement.

 

If a trading market were to develop for INX Tokens, the fair market value of the INX Tokens, represented by their market price, will be subject to fluctuations due to a number of factors, including fluctuations in the Company’s results of operations and macro-economic factors. Accordingly, the financial liability measured at fair market value will also fluctuate.

 

The remeasurement of the INX Token liability to fair value in each reporting period may have a negative effect on our equity and our comprehensive income.

 

We have an evolving business model.

 

As blockchain assets and blockchain technologies become more widely available, we expect the services and products associated with them to evolve. As a result, to stay current with the industry, our business model may need to evolve as well. From time to time we may modify aspects of our business model relating to our product mix and service offerings. We cannot offer any assurance that these or any other modifications will be successful or will not result in harm to the business. We may not be able to manage growth effectively, which could damage our reputation, limit our growth and negatively affect our operating results.

 

We may have difficulty executing our growth strategy and maintaining our growth effectively.

 

Our growth requires additional investment in personnel, facilities, information technology infrastructure and financial and management systems and controls and may place a significant strain on our management and resources. Our growth strategy also may subject us to increased legal, compliance and regulatory obligations.

 

There is no guarantee that our efforts will be successful. We may not be able to implement important strategic initiatives in accordance with our expectations, including that the strategic initiatives could result in additional unanticipated costs, which may result in an adverse impact on our business and financial results. Unless our growth results in an increase in our revenues that is proportionate to the increase in our costs associated with our growth, our future profitability could be adversely affected.

 

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Our senior management may be reimbursed for costs and expenses that exceed what is necessary to achieve our proposed development goals.

 

The Company reimburses reasonable expenses of its employees, senior management and directors that are incurred in the performance of their respective duties. Expenses incurred by employees on behalf of the Company are approved by the Company’s senior officers prior to their reimbursement. Expenses that are greater than $10,000 require the signature of two of our directors.

 

The Company does not currently have a policy that defines what expenses would be “reasonable” or that sets a cap or ceiling on the reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred on behalf of the Company. The lack of such a policy may result in our senior management submitting costs and expenses for reimbursement that exceed what is necessary to achieve our proposed development goals. The lack of such a policy, guidelines for determining whether an expense is “reasonable” or a cap on reimbursements may also delay the Company from preventing a conflict of interest between the senior management and the Company for substantial outstanding expenses.

 

Continued reimbursement of substantial out-of-pocket expenses that exceed what is required to achieve our development plan could subject us to financial losses or materially harm our reputation, financial condition and operating results.

 

We intend to explore acquisitions, other investments and strategic alliances. We may not be successful in identifying opportunities or in integrating the acquired businesses. Any such transaction may not produce the results we anticipate, which could adversely affect our business and the price of INX Tokens.

 

We intend to explore and pursue acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures and other alliances to strengthen our business and grow our company.

 

The market for acquisitions and strategic opportunities is highly competitive, especially in light of recent merger and acquisition activity in our industry. In addition, these transactions entail numerous operational and financial risks, including but not limited to difficulties in valuing acquired businesses, combining personnel and firm cultures, integrating acquired products, services and operations, achieving anticipated synergies that were inherent in our valuation assumptions, exposure to unknown material liabilities, the potential loss of key vendors, clients or employees of acquired companies, incurrence of substantial debt or dilutive issuance of equity securities to pay for acquisitions, higher-than expected acquisition or integration costs, write-downs of assets or impairment charges, increased amortization expenses and decreased earnings, revenue or cash flow from dispositions.

 

We may be unable to identify strategic opportunities or we may be unable to negotiate or finance future transactions on terms favorable to us. To the extent we enter into joint ventures and alliances, we may experience difficulties in the development and expansion of the business of any newly formed ventures, in the exercise of influence over the activities of any ventures in which we do not have a controlling interest, as well as encounter potential conflicts with our joint venture or alliance partners.

 

We may not realize the anticipated growth and other benefits from our growth initiatives and investments, which may have an adverse impact on our financial condition and operating results.

 

The Company may in the future be dependent in part on the data center facilities of third parties.

 

The Company’s future infrastructure network may be established in whole or in part through servers which it owns and/or houses at the location facilities of third parties, and/or servers that it rents at data center facilities of third parties. If the Company is unable to secure or renew its data facility leases on commercially reasonable terms or at all, the Company may be required to transfer its servers to a new data center facility, and may incur significant costs and possible service interruption in connection with the relocation. These facilities are also vulnerable to damage or interruption from, among others, natural disasters, arson, terrorist attacks, power losses, and telecommunication failures. Additionally, the third party providers of such facilities may suffer a breach of security as a result of third party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, and a third party may obtain unauthorized access to the data in such servers. The Company and the providers of such facilities may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventive measures.

 

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Our business may be adversely affected by the impact of coronavirus.

 

Public health epidemics or outbreaks could adversely impact our business. In early 2020, an outbreak of the novel strain of a coronavirus, which causes a disease named COVID-19, spread worldwide, including to Israel and the United States. As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, governments and industries have instituted drastic actions to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact. Such actions, including bans on international and domestic travel, quarantines, and prohibitions on accessing work sites, have caused significant disruptions to global and local economies and have led to dramatic volatility in the capital markets.

 

The extent to which the coronavirus pandemic impacts our operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence. Factors that may result in material delays and complications with respect to our business, financial condition and results of operation include the duration and severity of the outbreak, and the actions that may be required to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact. In particular, the continued spread of the coronavirus globally could adversely impact our operations, including the development of our platforms within our expected timeframes, our workforce, including the health and safety of our employees and our ability to complete recruitment for open positions on our team, and our ability to raise capital. In addition, the coronavirus pandemic could affect the operations of key governmental agencies, such as the SEC and CFTC, which may delay the development and regulatory approval necessary to operate our platforms. Each of these factors could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operation. 

 

General global market and economic conditions may have an adverse impact on the Company’s operating performance, results of operations and/or cash flow.

 

The Company may be affected by general global economic and market conditions. Challenging economic conditions worldwide have from time to time, contributed, and may continue to contribute, to slowdowns in the information technology industry at large. Weakness in the economy could have a negative effect on the Company’s business, operations and financial condition, including decreases in revenue and operating cash flow, and inability to attract future equity and/or debt financing on commercially reasonable terms. Additionally, in a down-cycle economic environment, the Company may experience the negative effects of a slowdown in trading and usage of the Company’s business platform that is yet to be developed and may delay or cancel the development, structuring, licensing and/or launch of the anticipated Token functionality. Suppliers on which the Company relies for servers, bandwidth, location and other services could also be negatively impacted by economic conditions that, in turn, could have a negative impact on the Company’s operations or expenses. There can be no assurance, therefore, that current economic conditions or worsening economic conditions or a prolonged or recurring recession will not have a significant, adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations, and hence, the Company’s business platform that is yet to be developed and/or the ability to develop, structure, license and/or launch any Token functionality. Any such circumstances would then correspondingly negatively impact the functionality, liquidity, and/or trading price of INX Tokens.

 

RISKS RELATED TO AN INVESTMENT IN OUR TOKENS

 

We have no operating history and therefore valuation of the INX Token is difficult.

 

We were incorporated under the laws of Gibraltar on November 27, 2017 and our operations to date have consisted of planning and developing INX Trading Solutions and the INX Token, establishing relationships with potential service providers and preparing necessary documents and filings in order to implement INX Trading Solutions and the INX Token as currently conceived. Accordingly, we have no operating history upon which an evaluation of our prospects and future performance can be made.

 

We believe that the value of the INX Token will be influenced by the supply of the INX Token, the market’s perception of the INX Token’s value and the liquidity for Tokens on a secondary market. The original purchase price of the INX Token in our initial public offering may not be indicative of the market price of INX Tokens after they have been made available for trading on a market. There is also no assurance that the market price of INX Tokens will not decline below the original purchase price of our initial public offering.

 

If our INX Token does not gain public acceptance or is not adopted, used or traded by a substantial number of individuals, companies and other entities, it could have a material adverse impact on the value of the INX Token. 

 

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The prospect of any holder of INX Tokens to receive any cash distributions from us is highly uncertain.

 

Under the INX Token Purchase Agreement, holders of INX Tokens as of March 31 of a year following a year end for which there was positive cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow are entitled to receive a pro rata cash distribution equal to 40% of our cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow. The pro rata distribution of our cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow is not self-executing and requires that our board of directors approve the Company’s financial statements and calculate such distribution in good faith. Although such annual calculation will be based on the cash flow from operating activities reflected in the consolidated statement of cash flow of our Company that is included in the audited consolidated financial statements of our Company and its subsidiaries, neither the calculation of the cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow nor any pro rata distributions thereof to holders of INX Tokens will be audited at the time of any distribution. Further, the general public will not be able to independently verify the number of INX Tokens outstanding that are entitled to share in the distribution.

 

Further, as of December 31, 2020, cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow was approximately negative $12,419,000. Because each INX Token holder’s right to a pro rata distribution is based on our cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow, no distribution will be made to INX Token holders, if at all, until the Company generates positive Adjusted Operating Cash Flows that exceeds this deficit. Therefore, you may not receive a pro rata distribution even in years in which we are profitable due to our historical losses. Further, we do not expect that there will be sufficient net cash flow from operating activities for any distributions to be made to INX Token holders until our business becomes commercially accepted.

 

In addition, we may elect to operate our business and pursue business strategies, such as acquisitions and the development of our products and services, which could adversely affect our ability to generate positive net operating cash flow. Our cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow will increase or decrease based on the difference between our cash inflows and outflows. Although we may generate cash inflow from daily operations through trading fees and other services, such amount will be reduced by cash outflows from our operations, including cash payments to our suppliers, our employees, taxes, fees, and fines. To the extent that we engage in acquisitions, we may expend significant cash in order to integrate such businesses, products, technologies or personnel. As a result of our expenditures, we may never generate a positive cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow and may never pay any cash distributions, which could adversely affect the value of INX Tokens.

 

Further, each INX Token holder’s right to the pro rata portion of the distribution for any given year is subject to reduction in an amount equal to the banking fees and/or transactions fees required to be paid with respect to the transfer of funds or Ether to such holder. Thus, with respect to any year during which the amount to be distributed to an individual INX Token holder is less than the amount of fees relating to such transfer, no distribution will be made to that individual INX Token holder.

 

As a result, the prospect of any holder of INX Tokens to receive any cash distributions from us is highly uncertain. 

 

There is currently no trading market for our INX Tokens and we cannot ensure that a liquid market will occur or be sustainable.

 

There is no public market for INX Tokens. There can be no assurance that there will be an active market for INX Tokens either now or in the future. U.S. persons may only trade INX Tokens on a registered securities exchange or alternative trading system (“ATS”) that has accepted the tokens for trading or quotation. As of the date of this prospectus, no such exchange or ATS exists. There is no plan to have our INX Token trade on a national securities exchange or any other exchange or trading platform, whether within or outside the United States. In the event that the Company ever decides to seek approval to list INX Tokens for trading on a registered securities exchange, there is no assurance that such approval will be obtained or, if approval is obtained, that an active or liquid trading market will develop. Further, brokerage firms or clearing firms may not be willing to effect transactions in INX Tokens or accept INX Tokens for deposit in an account. Even if an investor finds a broker willing to effect a transaction in INX Tokens, the combination of brokerage commissions, transfer fees, taxes, if any, and any other selling costs may exceed the selling price. As a result, purchasers of INX Tokens will likely be limited in their ability to engage in secondary trading of INX Tokens.

 

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We may, in the future, take certain steps, including utilizing investor awareness campaigns, press releases, road shows and conferences to increase awareness of our business. We may need to compensate consultants with cash and/or Tokens. There can be no assurance that there will be any awareness generated or the results of any efforts will result in any impact on our trading volume.

 

The trading price of our INX Tokens could be volatile.

 

There is currently no trading market for the INX Token. Even if such a trading market were to develop, on the INX Securities trading platform or elsewhere, the trading price of our INX Tokens may be volatile. The INX Token is not issued by any central bank or national, supra-national or quasi-national organization, nor is it backed by any hard assets or other credit. Consequently, investors may not be able to liquidate their investment at a price that reflects the value of the business.

 

The volume at which the INX Tokens are traded could affect their volatility. For example, traders seeking to use the INX Token to pay for transaction fees on the INX Securities trading platform may be incentivized to artificially inflate the INX Token’s last trade execution price, the metric that we use to determine the INX Token’s value. If successful, such traders may pay fewer INX Tokens to the Company than would have otherwise been required to satisfy transaction fees for subsequent trades. If there is limited trading volume, such attempts could further increase volatility for INX Tokens.

  

Further, the trading price of INX Tokens could be significantly affected by any number of factors including volatility in the broader market for blockchain assets, changes in analyst earnings estimates, fluctuations in our results of operations, shifting investor perceptions, dilution (in both monetary and percentage amounts) from future sales or issuances of INX Tokens by the Company, large purchases or sales by a significant INX Token holder, the announcement of new products or the occurrence of any of the events described within this “Risk Factors” section.

 

Any of these factors could adversely affect the trading price of INX Tokens.

 

Our decision to reverse or suspend promotional incentives for the use of INX Tokens to pay transaction fees on the INX Securities trading platform or for holding INX Tokens could impact the trading price of INX Tokens.

 

When used as payment of transaction fees on the INX Securities trading platform, the INX Token will entitle owners to, at a minimum, a ten percent (10%) discount as compared to fees paid using other currencies. From time to time, the Company or INX Services may offer additional discounts for the use of INX Tokens as payment for INX Services transaction fees such that the aggregate discount exceeds ten percent (10%). In addition, although the INX Tokens may not be used as payment for transaction fees on the INX Digital trading platform, we intend from time to time to offer promotional discounts on transaction fees on the INX Digital trading platform to record holders of INX Tokens. Such discounts, as well as discounts on the INX Securities trading platform in excess of 10%, are promotional incentives that are governed by the terms and conditions for use of the applicable trading platform and are not rights granted to the holders of INX Tokens through the INX Token Purchase Agreement or otherwise. The value and percentage of any such discount is subject to change at the sole discretion of the INX Securities trading platform, with reasonable notice to INX Token holders and participants on the INX Securities trading platform.

 

Decisions to set or change the transaction fees for trades executed on our trading platforms or to change the discount applied to transaction fees on our trading platforms may impact the trading price of INX Tokens or may result in increased volatility in the price of INX Tokens, especially during periods surrounding the announcement to institute or terminate any additional discount. The decision to reverse or suspend any additional discounts could negatively impact the trading price of INX Tokens and, as a result, the trading price of INX Tokens may not accurately reflect the value of the public’s perception and acceptance of other rights and characteristics of the INX Tokens. Registered exchanges may decline to list INX Tokens if this feature violates applicable listing standards or ATSs may decide not make INX Tokens available for trading.

 

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Prior to making decisions to set the rate for the transaction fees on our trading platforms and the level of additional discounts, if any, offered to holders of INX Tokens, the Company will consider various factors such as the profitability of our trading platforms, the effect of such changes on current holders of INX Tokens, and whether such changes will discourage investors from purchasing INX Tokens in the future.

 

Our business model depends, in part, on our ability to resell INX Tokens received as payment for transaction fees by INX Services. If we conduct resales of INX Tokens, existing holders will suffer dilution.

 

Under the INX Token Purchase Agreement, holders of INX Tokens will be entitled to receive a pro rata cash distribution equal to 40% of our cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow. This means that the portion of any cash distribution allocated to each INX Token is in part determined by the number of outstanding INX Tokens  that are not owned by the Company or any subsidiary of the Company.

 

We anticipate that users of the INX Securities trading platform will be incentivized to use INX Tokens as payment for transaction fees on the platform. INX Tokens received as payment for transaction fees will reduce the number of outstanding INX Tokens. However, we intend to file one or more registration statements to register these INX Tokens for re-issuance.

 

Large swings in the use of INX Tokens as payment for transaction fees or future issuances of INX Tokens equity or convertible debt securities, you could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of our then-existing capital stock. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. If we cannot raise additional funds when we need them, our business and prospects could fail or be materially and adversely affected.

 

INX Token holders may not have full or any recourse in the event that the Company enters into insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy and the Company may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the rights of the INX Token holders.

 

Pursuant to the INX Token Purchase Agreement, if (i) the Company permanently discontinues all the activities of INX Solutions and there is no successor conducting a substantially similar business that assumes the obligations of the Company with regard to the INX Tokens and (ii) an “Insolvency Event” (as defined in the INX Token Purchase Agreement) occurs, then the Company shall be deemed to be in default of its obligations under the INX Token Purchase Agreement, which breach shall create a claim in favor of INX Token holders that may be asserted by INX Token holders against the Company in any proceeding arising from such Insolvency Event. The claim amount will be determined by the liquidator, a court of competent jurisdiction overseeing the liquidation, or some other authority pursuant to applicable insolvency law.

 

The Company intends that the INX Token holders will be unsecured creditors of the Company and would therefore rank pari passu with all the other unsecured creditors of the Company and senior to the claims of holders of the Company’s shares. Further, the Company has caused current shareholders who hold approximately 85% of its issued share capital, and shall cause its future shareholders, to enter an agreement, pursuant to which such shareholders (a) irrevocably subordinate their rights to receive any distributions and payments from the Company prior to the payment in full by the Company of all distributions owed to INX Token holders, and (b) irrevocably waive and subordinate their rights, in the event of an Insolvency Event, to any cash held in the Cash Fund. However, the Cash Fund will not be held in an escrow or trust account, but rather, will be held in a separate bank account controlled by the Company. In the case of an Insolvency Event, a liquidator, court or other applicable authority may determine that INX Token holders are not entitled to any payment from the Company’s assets or that the INX Token holders’ claims are not senior in right to claims or interests of the Company’s shareholders, in particular the shareholders who have not agreed to subordinate their rights to the claims of Token holders. In addition, the Company may incur debt (including secured debt) that ranks equally with, or senior to, the rights of INX Token holders, as well as holders of other preferential claims under relevant insolvency laws. In the case of an Insolvency Event, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to INX Tokens may be entitled to receive payment in full before INX Token holders receive any distribution, including distributions of Adjusted Operating Cash Flow and distributions from the Cash Fund.

 

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INX Token holders do not have a perfected security interest in either the Cash Fund, or their Pro Rata Portion of the Distributable Amount of the cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow. There is no guarantee that an INX Token holder will receive any funds following an Insolvency Event.

 

After repaying such senior creditors, the Company may not have sufficient assets, if any, remaining for payment of any obligations that it owes to INX Token holders. Further, if it is determined that the Company’s obligations to INX Token holders rank equally with other debt, INX Token holders may share on an equal basis with other creditors. However, the Company may not have sufficient assets, if any, remaining for payment of obligations owed to INX Token holders.

 

The tax characterization of INX Tokens is uncertain. You must seek your own tax advice in connection with purchasing INX Tokens, which may result in adverse tax consequences to you, including withholding taxes, income taxes and tax reporting requirements.

 

The treatment of INX Tokens for U.S. federal income tax purposes is uncertain. Due to the new and evolving nature of digital currencies, tokens and blockchain assets, and a general absence of clearly controlling authority with respect to these assets, many significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of digital currencies are uncertain. It is unclear what guidance on the treatment of tokens and blockchain for U.S. federal income tax purposes may be issued in the future. Future developments regarding the treatment of tokens or blockchain assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes could adversely affect an investment in INX Tokens.

 

The Company does not intend to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) on these issues. The IRS has ruled on the tax treatment of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. In Notice 2014-21 (the “Notice”) the Service held that digital “currencies” are treated like property and that each transaction using these currencies is a separate taxable event. The IRS stated in the Notice that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (i) digital currency is “property” that is not currency and (ii) digital currency may be held as a capital asset. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not alter its position with respect to digital currency in the future or that a court would uphold the treatment set forth in the Notice.

 

The Notice does not address other significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of tokens or blockchain assets, including: the tax characterization of tokens which possess other non-currency-like rights or powers (so called “utility” tokens) or tokens which provide a share of profits to holders. Moreover, there is no authority on the circumstances in which profit-sharing tokens such as INX Tokens may be treated as equity or stock in the Company for U.S. federal income tax (or other tax) purposes. If INX Tokens were characterized as equity interests in the Company for U.S. federal income purposes, U.S. holders of INX Tokens would be subject additional tax consequences and related reporting considerations applicable to holders of stock in a foreign company, including the possible application of rules relating to passive foreign investment companies (or “PFICs”) and controlled foreign corporations (“CFCs”).

 

The tax characterization of Tokens is uncertain. You must seek your own tax advice in connection with purchasing Tokens, which may result in adverse tax consequences to you, including withholding taxes, income taxes and tax reporting requirements. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the uncertainty regarding the tax consequences of an investment in INX Tokens and in blockchain assets in general.

 

INX Token holders will not be afforded an opportunity to vote in the election of directors and significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or its assets, and may not realize any benefit from such transactions.

 

Although the INX Token is an equity security, as such term is defined in Section 3(a)(11) of the Exchange Act, the rights that attach to an INX Token are materially different than the rights that are typically associated with equity securities such as common shares. As holders of a non-voting security, INX Token holders have no influence over our corporate governance policies and affairs, and INX Token holders will not be afforded an opportunity to vote on any matters affecting the Company, including the election of directors, related party transactions or significant corporate transactions such as a merger, or sale of the Company or its assets. Token holders are not afforded the same protections generally as shareholders of other publicly traded companies. Further, Token holders may not benefit from a sale of the Company or its assets in the same way that our shareholders will benefit, if at all. Your only opportunity to affect an investment decision regarding the Company, if at all, may be limited to selling your INX Tokens or using your INX Tokens to pay for fees on the INX Securities trading platform.

 

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The interests of our shareholders may conflict with the interests of INX Token holders.

 

Our directors are nominated and elected by a majority of our shareholders and their interests in our business may differ from the interests of Token holders. Our directors will have no fiduciary obligations to act in the interests of Token holders. Mr. Shy Datika, one of our founders, our controlling shareholder and President, controls approximately 25% of the voting power of our share capital and as such, Mr. Datika and the other shareholders of our Company have significant influence over management and affairs and all other matters of the Company, including significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our Company or its assets.

 

The INX Tokens are not currently registered under the Exchange Act and therefore the Company’s reporting obligations under the Exchange Act may be suspended automatically if the INX Tokens have fewer than 300 holders of record on the first day of our fiscal year.

 

The INX Token is an equity security as such term is defined in Section 3(a)(11) of the Exchange Act; however, the INX Tokens are not currently registered under the Exchange Act. The Company is currently required to file annual and other periodic reports pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as required by a foreign private issuer, and will continue to be required to file such reports until the end of the fiscal year during which the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part has been declared effective. However, the Company’s obligation to file such reports will be automatically suspended unless after the last day of such fiscal year, the Company has total assets of more than $10,000,000 and record holders of the INX Tokens numbering more than 2,000 persons, or 500 persons who are not accredited investors, in accordance with Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act, in which case the Company will be required to register the INX Tokens under the Exchange Act and to continue to file such reports.

 

The Company intends to remain subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act either through continued compliance with Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act or by registration of the INX Tokens in accordance with Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act. However, if the Company does not continue to be subject to, or voluntarily comply with, the periodic reporting and other obligations of the Exchange Act, you may not be able to access regular publicly available reports about us and you will not be entitled to the same type of disclosure in relation to critical corporate events as if we were subject to the Exchange Act.

 

There must be a current state blue sky registration or exemption from such registration for you to purchase or sell the INX Tokens.

 

Each state has its own securities laws, often called “blue sky” laws, which (i) prohibit sales of securities to a state’s residents unless the securities are registered in that state or qualify for an exemption from registration, and (ii) govern the reporting requirements for broker-dealers doing business directly or indirectly in the state. Before a security is sold in a state, there must be a registration in place to cover the transaction, or the transaction must be exempt from registration. The applicable broker of such transaction must also be registered in that state.

 

Immediately after this registration statement is declared effective by the SEC and for one year thereafter, we expect the INX Tokens to be qualified, and to be eligible to make offers and sales, including resales, of the INX Tokens, subject to the suitability standards included in the “Suitability Standards” section of this prospectus, to investors in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming. After this registration statement is declared effective by the SEC, we may submit filings to qualify the INX Tokens in other states, to enable resales in other states and to maintain such qualifications, though we have no obligation to do so.

 

We cannot guarantee that we will be able to effect any required blue sky registrations or qualifications. You will have the ability to purchase and sell INX Tokens only if these securities have been qualified for sale under applicable state laws, or if they fall within an exemption from registration. We will not knowingly sell INX Tokens purchasers in jurisdictions in which such sales are not registered or otherwise qualified for issuance or exempt from registration. As a result, there may be significant state blue sky law restrictions on the ability of investors to sell, and on purchasers to buy, our INX Tokens. This may limit the transferability of the INX Tokens and the liquidity of any trading market that may develop for the INX Tokens.

 

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The INX Token Purchase Agreement includes exclusive venue and jurisdiction provisions. By purchasing INX Tokens, an investor is irrevocably consenting to these provisions regarding claims, suits, actions or proceedings, and submitting to the exclusive jurisdiction of Delaware courts. The INX Token Purchase Agreement also provides that the Company will not be responsible for any losses except those arising from the Company’s gross negligence, fraud or willful misconduct.

 

The INX Token Purchase Agreement is governed by Delaware law and includes exclusive venue and jurisdiction provisions designating Delaware courts as the exclusive venue for most claims, suits, actions and proceedings involving us or our officers, directors and employees.

 

By purchasing an INX Token, an investor is irrevocably consenting to these limitations and provisions regarding claims, suits, actions or proceedings and submitting to the exclusive jurisdiction of Delaware courts. If a dispute were to arise between an investor and us or our officers, directors or employees, the investor may be required to travel to Delaware in order to pursue its legal remedies and participate in any proceeding in Delaware courts which may be an inconvenient or distant location and which is considered to be a more corporate friendly environment. In addition, the choice of forum provision may limit an investor’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us. These provisions may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits and limiting an investors’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes against us and our directors and officers.

 

This provision does not, nor is intended to, apply to claims under the federal securities laws. By agreeing to this limitation of liability, investors will not be deemed to have waived the Company’s compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

 

The INX Token Purchase Agreement also includes a provision limiting our liability, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, for any losses the investor may incur, except for such losses that arise from our gross negligence, fraud or willful misconduct. By purchasing an INX Token, an investor is agreeing to this limitation of liability which could reduce its ability to recover damages from us if we act in a manner that causes investors to incur losses.

 

It may be illegal now, or in the future, to acquire, own, hold, sell or use INX Tokens in one or more countries, and ownership of, holding or trading in our Company’s securities may also be considered illegal and subject to sanction.

 

The regulation of blockchain assets remains uncertain or undefined in many jurisdictions. Although we anticipate treating the INX Tokens as securities under the laws of all foreign jurisdictions and adhering to such laws with regard to the offering and sale of INX Tokens abroad, one or more foreign governmental authorities, such as those in China or Russia, may take regulatory action in the future that severely restricts the right to acquire, own, hold, sell or use blockchain assets or to exchange blockchain assets for fiat currency. Such an action may result in the restriction of ownership, holding or trading in the INX Token and other securities. Such restrictions may adversely affect an investment in the Company.

 

System limitations, failures, or security breaches could harm our business and may directly impact INX Token holders and other INX Trading Solutions users.

 

Our business depends on the integrity and performance of our computer and communications systems. If our systems cannot expand to cope with increased demand or otherwise fail to perform, we could experience unanticipated disruptions in service or slower response times. These consequences could result in trading outages, lower trading volumes, financial losses, decreased customer service and satisfaction and regulatory sanctions. 

 

Our systems and operations also are vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, natural disasters, power loss, cyber-attacks, sabotage or terrorism, computer viruses, unauthorized access, intentional acts of vandalism and similar events. Persons who circumvent security measures could wrongfully access and use our information or our customers’ information or cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations. Although we intend to implement and maintain security measures designed to protect the integrity of our systems, including INX Trading Solutions user accounts, such security measures may prove inadequate. Any breach in security or system failure that allows unauthorized access, causes an interruption in service or decreases the responsiveness of our systems may result in theft and could impair our reputation, damage our brand name and negatively impact our business, financial condition and operating results.

 

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RISKS RELATING TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND DISPUTES

 

We may be unable to protect our proprietary technology and to obtain trademark protection for our marks.

 

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the protection of our software and other proprietary intellectual property rights. We may be unable to bring enforcement actions under the laws of the US or other countries to protect our intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Further, we may not be able to secure protection for our service marks or trademarks in the United States or elsewhere as we expand internationally. Our competitors might adopt service marks or trademarks similar to our marks, or might try to prevent us from using our marks. Any claim by another party against us or customer confusion related to our trademarks, or our failure to obtain trademark registration, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

We may not be able to enforce protection of our intellectual property rights under the laws of other countries.

 

We do business internationally and consequently we are subject to risks of doing business internationally, including uncertainty regarding liability for the listings and other content provided by our users, and differing intellectual property laws, which may provide insufficient protection for our intellectual property. Any such difficulties could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

RISKS RELATED TO INCORPORATION IN GIBRALTAR

 

We are a “foreign private issuer” and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to foreign private issuers will make owning INX Tokens less attractive to investors.

 

As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to the same requirements that are imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, we will be subject to reporting obligations that, in certain respects, are less detailed and less frequent than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. For example, we will not be required to issue proxy statements that comply with the requirements applicable to U.S. domestic reporting companies. We will also have four months after the end of each fiscal year to file our annual reports with the SEC and will not be required to file current reports as frequently or promptly as U.S. domestic reporting companies. Furthermore, our officers, directors, and principal shareholders will be exempt from the requirements to report transactions in our equity securities and from the short-swing profit liability provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. These exemptions and leniencies, along with other corporate governance exemptions resulting from our ability to rely on home country rules, will reduce the frequency and scope of information and protections to which you may otherwise have been eligible in relation to a U.S. domestic reporting companies.

 

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We would lose our foreign private issuer status if more than fifty percent of our outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned of record by residents of the United States and any of the following three circumstances applies: (i) the majority of our executive officers or directors are U.S. citizens or residents; (ii) more than 50% of our assets are located in the U.S.; or (iii) our business is administered principally in the U.S. There is no public market for our voting securities, and we currently have no plans to issue our voting securities to residents of the United States, however given the level of our intended business contacts with the United States, we may lose our status as a foreign private issuer should more than fifty percent of our voting securities be held of record by residents of the United States. Although we have elected to comply with certain U.S. regulatory provisions, our loss of foreign private issuer status would make such provisions mandatory. The regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws as a U.S. domestic reporting company may be significantly higher. If we are not a foreign private issuer, we will be required to file periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic reporting company forms with the SEC, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. We may also be required to modify certain of our policies to comply with accepted governance practices associated with U.S. domestic reporting companies. Such conversion and modifications will involve additional costs. In addition, we may lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements on U.S. stock exchanges that are available to foreign private issuers.

 

It may be difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against us, our officers and directors, and the experts named in this prospectus, or to assert U.S. securities laws claims or serve process on our officers and directors and these experts.

 

We were incorporated in Gibraltar, and substantially all of our operations are currently located in the state of Israel. Therefore, it may be difficult to enforce a U.S. court judgment based upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us or any of these persons in a U.S. or Gibraltar court, or to affect service of process upon these persons in the United States.

 

Additionally, it may be difficult for an investor, or any other person or entity, to assert U.S. securities law claims in original actions instituted in Gibraltar. This is for two principal reasons: 1) because the Gibraltar courts may regard the U.S. law in question to be a penal, revenue or public law and therefore, under Gibraltar law, not capable of direct or indirect enforcement in the Gibraltar courts, or 2) because the Gibraltar court may stay the claim on the grounds that Gibraltar is not an appropriate forum (“forum non conveniens”). If U.S. law is found to be applicable to a claim which the Gibraltar court can and is prepared to hear, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proved as a fact by expert witnesses, which can be a time-consuming and costly process. If proceedings were to be brought in Gibraltar, all procedural matters would be governed by Gibraltar law. There is little case law addressing the matters described above that would be binding case law in a Gibraltar court.

 

RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN ISRAEL

 

Potential political, economic, and military instability in the State of Israel, where some of our senior management and our research and development facilities are located, may adversely impact our results of operations.  

 

Our offices and operations are currently located in the State of Israel. In addition, certain of our employees, officers, and directors are residents of Israel. Accordingly, political, economic, and military conditions in Israel directly affect our business. Since the State of Israel was established in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have occurred between Israel and its neighboring countries. Any hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners, or a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel, could adversely impact our operations.  

 

Our operations may be disrupted by the obligations of personnel to perform military service.  

 

Certain of our employees, officers and directors are based in Israel. Some of our employees and consultants may be called upon to perform up to 36 days (and in some cases more) of annual military reserve duty until they reach the age of 40 (and in some cases, up to 45 or older) and, in emergency circumstances, could be called to immediate and unlimited active duty. In the event of severe unrest or other conflict, individuals could be required to serve in the military for extended periods of time. Our operations could be disrupted by the absence of a significant number of our employees related to military service or the absence for extended periods of one or more of our key employees for military service. Such disruption could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.  

 

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The Company may be deemed an Israeli tax resident for tax purposes and may incur additional tax liabilities in Israel.  

 

Under Israeli tax law, a company not incorporated in Israel will be considered an Israeli resident for tax purposes if its business and management are controlled from Israel. There is no definition of “control and management” in the Israeli tax code, however the Israeli tax authority (“ITO”) issued a Circular in 2002 which listed factors to be taken into account. These included factors such as details of shareholders and directors; protocols of board meetings; agreements with service providers; details of bank accounts, signatory rights; bookkeeping and accounts; and employees. The ITO has recently published a new draft Circular, in light of recent court decisions, which revisits the issue of control and management. The draft Circular states that it is not sufficient to rely solely on a formal (technical) analysis of the facts, but rather a full substantive analysis of all the facts and circumstances must be undertaken.  

 

In the current technological era, the appointment of directors and physical location of board meetings are less important, rather the emphasis is on the substantive analysis of who actually makes strategic policy and day to day decisions, and from where. The draft Circular provides a list of tests (in addition to the factors listed in the 2002 Circular) which should be examined, for example: who actually controls the company, who are the managers of the company, and who takes the decisions in the company how the directors and managers were chosen and whether they have relevant experience in the company’s field of activity.  

 

If the Company is determined to be an Israeli tax resident for tax purposes, the Company may incur additional tax liabilities in Israel.

 

The Company may be characterized as a CFC for Israeli tax purposes and Israeli holders of the Company’s ordinary shares and INX Tokens may be subject additional tax consequences and related reporting considerations.  

 

Israeli tax law includes an anti-tax-deferral regime. Under this regime, an Israeli resident who is a ‘controlling shareholder’ (i.e., holding 10% of the means of control in the company) is viewed as having received as a dividend consisting of undistributed profits of a foreign company, if the foreign company meets the following conditions:  

 

  The majority of its income or the majority of its profits in a tax year derive from passive income (i.e., interest or indexation, dividends, royalties, rental income, or capital gain);

 

  The passive income is subject to tax in the foreign jurisdiction at a rate which does not exceed 15%; and

 

  In excess of 50% in one or more of the means of control of the company are owned, directly or indirectly by Israel residents.

 

A foreign company meeting these conditions is referred to as a CFC.  Effectively, the undistributed passive profits of a CFC are deemed a dividend received by the ‘controlling shareholder’ and thus subject to Israeli tax. The deemed dividend tax rate is 24% for corporations and 30% for individuals (excluding additional 3% surtax if applicable).

 

The quantification of undistributed profits (as defined under the Israeli CFC regime) of a company resident of a non-treaty country will be calculated in accordance with Israeli tax law. If the Company were characterized as a CFC for Israeli tax purposes, Israeli holders of the Company’s ordinary shares and INX Tokens may be subject additional tax consequences and related reporting considerations. 

 

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ITEM 4.INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

 

A. History and Development of the Company.

 

We are a Gibraltar private company limited by shares, incorporated on November 27, 2017. We have the following wholly-owned subsidiaries:

 

INX Digital, Inc., a Delaware corporation, which we intend to register as a money transmitter to operate a trading platform for cryptocurrencies;

 

INX Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation, which we intend to register as a broker-dealer to act as an introducing broker and subsequently to operate an alternative trading system for security tokens; and

 

INX Solutions Limited, through which we intend to offer the Company’s services and products to the European market. We intend to apply to the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission for licenses under the Financial Services Act 2019 for our European-based operations.

 

Midgard Technologies Ltd., an Israeli corporation, through which we intend to develop software and other technology.

 

Approximately twenty-five percent (25%) of our issued share capital is held by Shy Datika, one of our founders, our controlling shareholder and President, either directly or by holdings of Triple-V (1999) Ltd, an entity wholly owned by Mr. Datika. The balance of our issued share capital is held by our employees, lenders, service providers and investors.

 

On January 12, 2021, INX entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”) with Openfinance Holdings, Inc. and certain subsidiaries of Openfinance Holdings, Inc. (collectively, “OFN”). Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, INX will acquire various assets of OFN, including the entire share capital of Openfinance Securities, LLC (“OFN Securities”), a Pennsylvania corporation, that is a registered in the United States as a broker-dealer and as an Alternative Trading System. As of the date of this prospectus, none of the transactions contemplated under the Asset Purchase Agreement have closed and the closing thereof is subject to regulatory approvals.

 

On March 31, 2021 the Company, all of the Company’s shareholders and holders of options to purchase shares of the Company, PI Financial Corp. and Eight Capital (the “Financial Advisors”) and Valdy Investments Ltd. (TSXV: VLDY.P) (“Valdy”), a Capital Pool Company (CPC) incorporated under the laws of British Columbia, Canada, registered for trade on the TSX Venture Exchange (the “Exchange”) entered into a definitive Security Exchange Agreement (the “Security Exchange Agreement”). The Security Exchange Agreement contemplates a securities exchange between the Company’s shareholders and holders of the Company’s options and Valdy, whereby, at the closing, current holders of shares and options to purchase shares of the Company will be issued an aggregate of 175,000,000 common shares of the combined entity and the Company shall become a wholly owned subsidiary of Valdy (the “Valdy Transaction”).. The shareholders of Valdy shall receive 5,000,000 common shares of the combined entity. Additional securities of the combined entity will be issued to consultants of the Company (including the Financial Advisors) and to principals of Valdy as set forth in the Security Exchange Agreement. The Valdy Transaction was approved by the shareholders of the Company on March 18, 2021. The Valdy Transaction remains subject to the terms set forth in the Security Exchange Agreement, including the approval of the Exchange, the adoption of certain requested amendments to the Equity Incentive Compensation Plan of Valdy by the shareholders of Valdy. Following the closing of the Valdy Transaction, Valdy intends to change its name to “The INX Digital Company, Inc.”

 

On March 22, 2021, the Company, by way of brokered and non-brokered private placements, entered into a series of subscription agreements (the “March 2021 Subscription Agreements”) with investors who purchased subscription receipts at a price of CAD$ 1.25 per receipt. Each receipt entitles its holder to receive a unit comprised of one Ordinary share and one half of one warrant to purchase one Ordinary Share (at a price of CAD$ 1.88 per share). The Ordinary shares and warrants issued pursuant to the subscription receipts will be exchanged for comparable securities of Valdy on, and subject to, closing of the Valdy Transaction. The Company raised an aggregate amount of CAD$ 39,600,000 pursuant to the March 2021 Subscription Agreements. Such funds are held in escrow pending closing of the Valdy Transaction. In consideration for their services to the Company, subject to the closing of the Valdy Transaction, the Financial Advisors are entitled to receive cash compensation and options to purchase ordinary shares of Valdy.

 

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On April 1, 2021, the Company entered into a Share Transfer Agreement with Mr. Adam Berlin, the sole shareholder of Midgard Technologies Ltd. (“Midgard”), an Israeli limited liability company (the “Midgard Share Transfer Agreement”). Pursuant to the Midgard Share Transfer Agreement, the Company shall purchase from Mr. Berlin, in consideration for an aggregate purchase price of NIS 1,000, the entire share capital of Midgard. The Board of Directors of the Company approved the purchase of Midgard under the Midgard Share Transfer Agreement on April 12, 2021. Midgard provides the Company with software development services and employs the majority of the Israeli based officers of the Company.

 

INX Limited’s registered office is located at Unit 1.02, 1st Floor, 6 Bayside Road Gibraltar, GX11 1AA and its telephone number is +350 200 79000. INX Limited has an office located in Israel, where a majority of its senior officers are currently based. After the INX Digital trading platform becomes fully operational, INX Limited intends to relocate its principal office to the United States.

 

B. Business Overview.

 

We are developing INX Trading Solutions, a regulated solution for trading blockchain assets, that will initially include a cryptocurrency trading platform operated by INX Digital, for which we are qualified to operate as a money transmitter in nine (9) US states. We intend to obtain money transmitter licenses or otherwise become qualified to operate in most US states during the fourth quarter of 2021. We also presently intend to establish INX Securities to be operated by INX Services, which we plan to register as a licensed broker-dealer. However, there is currently significant uncertainty regarding the application of federal and state laws to the trading of security tokens, including the application of current regulations governing the conduct of market intermediaries, and this uncertainty may cause significant delay or may prevent us from developing our INX Securities trading platform as currently envisioned. Prior to the establishment of INX Securities as an ATS, INX Services may operate exclusively as an introducing broker with an order management system and to route security token order flow to one or more third party alternative trading systems.

 

Our vision is to establish two trading platforms and a security token that provides regulatory clarity to the blockchain asset industry. We plan to achieve this by: (1) differentiating between security and non-security blockchain asset classes and providing trading opportunities for each class; (2) obtaining appropriate regulatory licenses and approvals, including money transmitter licenses, a U.S. broker-dealer license and subsequent registration as an ATS; (3) issuing our security token, the INX Token, and maintaining the INX Registry, which reflects a real time list of INX Token holders; (4) requiring that all INX Token holders comply with KYC/AML procedures; and (5) granting certain rights and benefits to the holders of INX Tokens.

 

When fully operational, we expect to offer professional traders and institutional investors trading platforms with established practices common in other regulated financial services markets, such as customary trading, clearing, and settlement procedures, regulatory compliance, capital and liquidity reserves and operational transparency.

 

In the future, the Company intends to establish a platform for the trading of derivatives such as futures, options and swaps. We have taken no steps towards the establishment of such a platform, which will require the development of technological solutions as well as federal and state regulatory approvals; accordingly, there is no assurance that such a trading platform will ever be developed. We also intend that our subsidiary in Gibraltar will apply to the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission for licenses under the Financial Services Act 2019 for our European-based operations. We have also created the INX Token, which is offered pursuant to this prospectus.

 

INX Trading Solutions envisions that blockchain assets traded on our trading platforms will be transferred to a digital wallet held by one of our custodians, which transfer is recorded on the blockchain ledger that underlies such blockchain asset. Once a blockchain asset is deposited with our custodian, none of the trading transactions performed on our trading platforms are recorded on a blockchain ledger. Trades on our trading platforms are recorded only on our internal centralized servers, and they are then reflected in each customer’s respective account. A transfer of a blockchain asset is recorded on its underlying blockchain ledger when the owner of the blockchain asset wishes to withdraw the blockchain asset from their account. In this event, the blockchain asset is transferred from our respective custodian’s digital wallet to the customer’s private digital wallet.

 

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The architecture for the INX Digital and INX Securities trading platforms is based on a sequential processing and storage, meaning that transactions can be processed only one after the other and not in parallel. In order to facilitate liquidity and support a vibrant trading market on our trading platforms, we intend to offer incentives to attract high volume traders and establish strategic partnerships with market makers. We also envision that our trading platforms will enable trading via web portal and application programming interface (“API”) solutions. As we further develop our trading platforms, broker-dealers or other appropriately regulated third parties may route their customers’ trades to our trading platforms using API.

 

Our Proposal: INX Trading Solutions, a Single Regulated Ecosystem for Trading Blockchain Assets

 

We believe that we have a comprehensive solution to the issues that we have identified. We are developing a new marketplace for blockchain assets that is subject to governmental oversight. We are designing our platforms to provide the following solutions to the problems identified above, which we believe will make INX Trading Solutions an attractive choice for the trading of blockchain assets:

 

Robust Pre-Trade and Post-Trade Services. We are designing trading features to permit clients to continually monitor and manage blotter, position, and other technical analysis. We also plan to offer investment tools during the pre-trading period and provide trade confirmations, reporting and access to pricing data during the post-trading period.

 

Historical Trading Record. Beginning with the first recorded transaction on the INX Trading Solutions trading platforms, we plan to apply KYC/AML procedures for all account holders and provide transparency so that clients have the ability to review all activities taken by them. We believe that this accessibility will supplement the transparency of blockchain assets.

 

Regulation. We believe that regulatory oversight will instill greater confidence in our trading platforms compared to unregulated blockchain asset trading platforms. As the ownership of blockchain assets becomes more commonplace and professional traders continue to analyze and enter the blockchain asset marketplace, we believe that clients will expect regulatory safeguards for blockchain asset trading, comparable to the current fiat and securities exchanges. All customers of INX Trading Solutions, whether trading cryptocurrencies or security tokens, will be required to complete KYC/AML checks in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

 

Cash Fund. We intend to provide additional comfort to our customers with respect to the financial stability of the Company by allocating 75% of the gross proceeds less payments to underwriters from our initial public offering in excess of $25 million to be available to cover customer and Company losses, if any, that result from cybersecurity breaches or theft, errors in execution of the trading platform or its technology, and counterparty defaults, including instances where counterparties lack sufficient collateral to cover losses.  We refer to this amount as our “Cash Fund.”

 

Our Robust Technology.  We intend to develop technology to support high volumes of traffic to enable rapid trading activity. Because our platforms are custom-built to support the growing blockchain asset market, we are designing our platforms to scale along with the continued growth of the market.

 

Transaction Fee Transparency. We plan to establish transaction fees as a percentage of the trade price of each trade executed on our platforms. Transaction fees must be paid, (a) with regard to the INX Digital trading platform, in the currency or cryptocurrency that is used as payment for the purchase or sale associated with the transaction fee, and (b) with regard to the INX Securities trading platform, in the currency that is used as payment for the purchase or sale associated with the transaction fee or INX Tokens. Transaction fees will be disclosed to our customers prior to executing a trade or performing other transactions on our platforms.

 

Other benefits of the Ethereum blockchain and our use of the Ethereum blockchain to create the INX Token include the following:

 

  Decentralization. Record-keeping of transfers is performed in real time using a distributed ledger, with no need for third party or intermediary validation.

 

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  Traceability. Full historical data of all transfers of INX Tokens is recorded on the Ethereum blockchain.

 

  Immutability. Data is written into the blockchain to allow it to be shared publicly while ensuring its immutability.  There are no known methods for changing a blockchain once it has been written.

 

  High Availability. Because the Ethereum blockchain is based on thousands of nodes in a peer-to-peer network, and data is replicated and updated on each and every node, the distributed ledger becomes highly available.

 

  Privacy. Personal information of INX Token holders is stored in an encrypted form and only available to the Company and will be provided to regulatory and governmental authorities as required by law.

 

Our Development Plan

 

We are designing our trading platforms to provide clients with a multi-currency non-biased execution trading solution and to function as broker, execution, and clearing agent. We plan to provide trading of different types of digital blockchain assets, including cryptocurrencies and security tokens, with the optionality for execution of trades in both traditional fiat currencies and digital assets.

 

Our goal in the development of INX Trading Solutions is to offer professionals in the financial services community a comprehensive, interactive platforms that allow for seamless integrated trading, real-time risk management and reporting and administration tools. We plan to develop INX Trading Solutions as a series of centralized platforms that facilitate peer-to-peer professional trading services. These trading platforms will help our customers automate and coordinate front-office trading functions, middle-office risk management and reporting functions, and back-office accounting functions.

  

We are developing our system in modules to allow for a phased roll out of features in accordance with regulatory approvals that we receive and the technological development of INX Trading Solutions. See “Item 1.B Business Overview – Phases of Development.”

 

Our intention is for the INX Trading Solutions website to serve as a single entry point for our customers. On the homepage, customers will be able to access the INX Digital portal for the trading of cryptocurrencies, and, when established, the INX Services portal for the trading of security tokens, in each case subject to the satisfaction of applicable regulatory requirements. Each of INX Digital portal and INX Services portal will be a separate and distinct trading platform. As we develop our trading platforms, we intend to add functionalities across the entire transaction lifecycle, as well as other information and features. Our platforms will not support cross-asset (i.e., securities token for cryptocurrency) trading, nor will we permit the settlement of securities transactions in cryptocurrency, at least until such time as the regulatory uncertainty regarding such transactions is resolved.

 

We will ensure that appropriately qualified individuals will act on behalf of each of our platforms and these functions will be separated by entity as follows:

 

INX Digital, Inc. will be responsible for recording cryptocurrency trades in accordance with state money transmitter regulations; and

 

INX Services, Inc. will be responsible for recording security token trades in accordance with applicable SEC and FINRA regulations.

 

The trading platform to be operated by each entity will support “straight through processing” of orders received from customers. As such, orders and resulting trades will be recorded on internal databases and will be reflected in customer accounts without any intervention. Both INX Digital Inc. and INX Services, Inc. will employ staff to monitor trading activity and support customers. Each entity will also employ supervising managers to oversee the trading and settlement process. The staff of both entities will be able to process trade corrections, but this activity will require management approvals and audit reports will be reviewed to monitor this activity.

 

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Neither INX Digital, Inc. nor INX Services, Inc. will extend credit to customers. Further, our proprietary order management software, which will be utilized by both INX Digital, Inc. and INX Services, Inc. has a rules engine that ensures sufficient funds or fully paid assets are available to cover orders, prior to their submission.

 

INX Digital Trading Platform

 

We are currently developing the INX Digital trading platform, and are testing its trading capabilities from a functional and load perspective. We have completed the minimum viable product of the platform that includes the architecture design, trading functionalities and the user interface and experience. To be able to handle large amount of traffic and transactions, we are currently working on scaling the capabilities of the system from an architecture and application level to improve the latency and solve concurrency issues. We are putting in place fail safe and recovery processes in case of system failure that are designed to inherently respond in a way that will cause no or minimal harm to core trading data. We are also in the process of developing the back office to administer and manage the platform.

 

We are currently preparing the required applications and supporting materials to register INX Digital as a money transmitter. We have registered INX Digital with FinCEN as a federal money service business. In addition, we have submitted notifications to or have been issued a license in Arkansas, California, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana, Pennsylvania, Utah, Oklahoma and Wisconsin and INX Digital is now eligible to operate as proposed in those jurisdictions. We anticipate that we will be able to commence operations during the second quarter of 2021. Further, we expect that we will be able to obtain money transmitter licenses or otherwise qualify to operate in 25 US states during the third quarter of 2021 and most US states during the fourth quarter of 2021.

 

The INX Digital trading platform will incorporate a secure trading/matching engine, which will have high frequency transaction capabilities and support a range of standard order types. We also expect to develop an API interface for broker-dealers, traders and market makers.

 

The architecture for the INX Digital platform is based on sequential processing and storage, allowing transactions to be processed one after the other, and not in parallel.

 

We are designing trading features to permit clients to continually monitor and manage blotter, position, and other technical analysis. We also plan to offer investment tools during the pre-trading period and provide trade confirmations, reporting and access to pricing data during the post-trading period.

 

Transaction fees on the INX Digital platform may be paid using US dollars, BTC or ETH.

 

INX Digital receives custody services for cryptocurrencies held on behalf of the clients of our INX Digital trading platform from BitGo Trust as the custodian. BitGo Trust describes itself as a “qualified custodian” as defined in Rule 206(4)-2 promulgated under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. We believe that BitGo Trust, together with its affiliate BitGo Inc., is a leading provider of custody and wallet services for cryptocurrency trading, with the ability to support both “hot” and “cold” storage with a high degree of electronic and physical security, as well as transaction processing and reporting.

 

BitGo Trust offers cold storage technology in bank-grade Class III vaults and storage solutions for more than 100 digital assets, and together with BitGo Inc., offers sophisticated controls and policies enforcement solutions, including multiple approvals, spending limits, and whitelists, as well as customizable user roles and controls to align with our organizational structure.

 

BitGo offers two types of services; a hot wallet solution and a cold storage solution. INX Digital, Inc. plans to use both services. A hot wallet is a multi-signature storage solution, which requires two of three private keys to transfer digital assets. In our arrangement, INX will hold two of the keys and BitGo Inc. will hold the other key. Two keys will be created whenever we establish a BitGo hot wallet, a primary key (used to authorize transactions) and a backup key (used to recover the wallet, if the wallet password is lost or if BitGo Inc. ceases operations). The third key is used by BitGo Inc. to cosign transactions; this key is created by BitGo’s servers and is known only to BitGo Inc. to mitigate the risk of an unauthorized transfer of assets. INX policy will require that INX and BitGo Inc. must act together to transfer assets. INX Digital, Inc. will maintain an omnibus wallet at BitGo Inc. for each type of asset to be traded on our platform, which will be designated for the exclusive benefit of customers.

 

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BitGo Trust’s cold storage solution outsources key management and security to BitGo Trust. Cold storage is offline storage; it is the most secure way to store digital assets, as it is never connected to a network. INX Digital, Inc. will transfer cryptocurrency assets from its hot wallet to cold storage at BitGo Trust; BitGo Trust, as custodian, will safeguard cryptocurrency assets for INX customers. To initiate a transfer from cold storage to an INX hot wallet, INX will specify the amount to transfer and submit the request to BitGo Trust. BitGo Trust will contact INX, to conduct an out-of-band video verification to confirm the transfer is legitimate and that an INX authorized signatory approves it. BitGo Trust will then generate the transaction and sign it securely offline with the user key that BitGo Trust holds in custody. Once half-signed, BitGo Trust will bring the transaction back online, and upload it to the platform. After key policies are evaluated and satisfied, BitGo Inc. will then sign the transaction with the BitGo Inc. key. Once completely signed, BitGo Inc. will broadcast the transaction to the blockchain, and the cryptocurrency assets will be transferred from cold storage to the appropriate INX hot wallet. This separation of functions makes our operations more secure because, among other reasons, we only need to keep a hot wallet sufficiently funded to service withdrawals. We will use cold storage to store the majority of the cryptocurrency assets held by us, because cold storage provides greater asset protection through policies and physical security.

 

BitGo Trust’s custodial services will be provided pursuant to a custodial services agreement (the “Custodial Services Agreement”) between INX Digital and BitGo Trust. For its custodial services, BitGo Trust will receive an onboarding fee and will receive a monthly custody fee equal to an annualized percentage of the market value of the assets under custody (subject to a minimum monthly charge). BitGo Trust also receives various transaction-based fees. The Custodial Services Agreement is for an initial term of one year, and will be automatically extended for one-year periods, unless terminated by either party by delivery of a written notice at least 60-days prior to the expiration of the then-current term. The Company may also terminate the Custodial Services Agreement (i) during the initial term, within 30 days following written notice a breach of a material term of the Custodial Services Agreement without cure of such breach within the 30 days; or (ii) after the initial term, for any reason upon 30 days’ prior written notice.

 

The foregoing description of the Custodial Services Agreement summarizes the material terms of the Custodial Services Agreement, but is not a complete description. For more details about the Custodial Services Agreement, you should reference to the full text of the Custodial Services Agreement, which is attached as Exhibit 10.25 hereto, and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

INX Securities Trading Platform

 

We are currently developing the INX Securities trading platform, and are testing its trading capabilities from a functional and load perspective. We have completed the minimum viable product of the platform that includes the architecture design, trading functionalities and the user interface and experience. To be able to handle large amount of traffic and transactions, we are currently working on scaling the capabilities of the system from an architecture and application level to improve the latency and solve concurrency issues. We are putting in place fail safe and recovery processes in case of system failure that are designed to inherently respond in a way that will cause no or minimal harm to core trading data. We are also in the process of developing the back office to administer and manage the platform.

 

We intend to register INX Services as a broker-dealer and operate the INX Securities trading platform as an ATS for security tokens; however, at least initially, INX Services may operate as an introducing broker and offer clients the ability to buy and sell security tokens in their brokerage accounts. As an introducing broker, INX Services will act in an agency capacity and will seek to obtain best execution by routing orders to one or more market centers and/or alternative trading systems.

 

The INX Securities trading platform will incorporate a secure trading/matching engine, which will have high frequency transaction capabilities and support a range of standard order types. We also expect to develop an API interface for broker-dealers, traders and market makers.

 

The architecture for the INX Securities trading platform is based on sequential processing and storage, allowing transactions to be processed one after the other, and not in parallel.

 

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We are designing trading features to permit clients to continually monitor and manage blotter, position, and other technical analysis. We also plan to offer investment tools during the pre-trading period and provide trade confirmations, reporting and access to pricing data during the post-trading period.

 

Transaction fees on the INX Securities trading platform may be paid using US dollars.

 

INX Services has yet to identify a clearing firm to serve as a custodian which satisfies the requirements of Rule 15c3-3. There is currently significant uncertainty regarding the application of Rule 15c3-3 and other federal securities laws and regulations to the conduct of market intermediaries that seek to facilitate the trading of security tokens. On December 23, 2020, the SEC issued a statement and request for comment regarding the custody of digital asset securities by broker-dealers in accordance with Rule 15c3-3. The guidance sets forth the SEC’s position that, for a period of five years, a broker-dealer operating under the circumstances set forth in the guidance will not be subject to a Commission enforcement action on the basis that the broker-dealer deems itself to have obtained and maintained physical possession or control of customer fully paid and excess margin digital asset securities. These circumstances, among other things, include that the broker-dealer limits its business to digital asset securities, establishes and implements policies and procedures reasonably designed to mitigate the risks associated with conducting a business in digital asset securities, and provides customers with certain disclosures regarding the risks of engaging in transactions involving digital asset securities. The SEC is requesting comment to gain additional insight into the evolving standards and best practices with respect to custody of digital asset securities.

 

If we are not able to identify such an arrangement, or if the FINRA delays in approving our broker-dealer license as a result of our custodial relationship, such failure or delay could prevent us from developing the INX Securities trading platform or other operations of INX Services as currently envisioned. We will not be able to commence trading of security tokens on the INX Securities trading platform until we identify such a firm and receive all necessary regulatory approvals, including approval from FINRA.

  

The INX Token

 

We have currently developed the INX Token. After the INX Securities trading platform is operational, prospective investors who have been duly identified through KYC/AML procedures may purchase and trade INX Tokens on the INX Securities trading platform. INX Token holders will be able to use the INX Token to pay INX Securities trading platform transaction fees, which are entitled to, at a minimum, a 10% discount to other forms of payment. The INX Tokens may not be used as payment for transaction fees on the INX Digital trading platform, but we intend from time to time to offer promotional discounts on transaction fees on the INX Digital trading platform to record holders of INX Tokens. Holders of INX Tokens will also be entitled to receive an annual pro rata distribution of 40% of the Company’s cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow. Commencing in 2021, the distribution will be calculated on an annual basis and paid on or before April 30 to parties (other than the Company or its subsidiaries) that hold INX Tokens on the preceding March 31. Each annual distribution will be based on the Company’s cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow (net of cash flows which have already formed the basis for a prior distribution), calculated as of December 31 of the year prior to the distribution. However, because each INX Token holder’s right to a pro rata distribution is based on our cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow, no distribution will be made to INX Token holders, if at all, until the Company generates positive cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flows. As of December 31, 2020, cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow was approximately negative $12,419,000.

 

Phases of Development

 

We expect the development of INX Trading Solutions to occur in the following phases.

 

Phase 1. During this phase, we intend to create the INX Digital trading platform to permit trading in Bitcoin, Ether and other cryptocurrencies. We plan on developing our secure trading/matching engine which will have high frequency transaction capabilities and support for a range of standard order types. We also plan on developing an API interface for broker-dealers, traders, and market makers. In this phase, we also plan to further develop technology for our clearing operations which will support large scale, automated transactions. We expect to introduce such services in jurisdictions in which our subsidiary, INX Digital, is licensed or otherwise permitted to act as a money transmitter.

 

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Development of the INX Digital trading platform is progressing and the Company is currently in the process of testing the trading capabilities of the platform. We are currently preparing the required applications and supporting materials for INX Digital to apply for applicable licenses or otherwise permissibly act as a money transmitter/exchanger in the selected jurisdictions. In addition, we have submitted notifications to or have been issued a license in Arkansas, California, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana, Pennsylvania, Utah, Oklahoma and Wisconsin and INX Digital is now eligible to operate as proposed in those jurisdictions. We anticipate that we will be able to commence operations during the second quarter of 2021. Further, we expect that we will be able to obtain money transmitter licenses or otherwise qualify to operate in 25 US states during the third quarter of 2021 and most US states during the fourth quarter of 2021. 

 

Phase 2. During this phase, we plan to develop the INX Securities trading platform for the trading of securities tokens. We expect to provide these services following the registration of INX Services as a broker-dealer and registration of the INX Securities trading platform as an ATS. Obtaining a broker-dealer license is a closing condition to the our transaction with OFN, and we have submitted a Form BD to FINRA for this purpose. We expect to introduce these services following receipt of FINRA and SEC approvals. We intend to complete Phase 2 and begin trades on the INX Securities trading platform during the third quarter of 2021. If there continues to be significant uncertainty regarding the application of federal and state laws and regulations to the trading of security tokens, including regulations governing market intermediaries, and this uncertainty causes significant delay in the development of our INX Securities trading platform as currently envisioned, we intend to launch and operate INX Services as an introducing broker for security tokens. We expect that we will incur approximately $19 million of expenses to complete the development of Phases 1 and 2.

 

Subsequent to Phase 2, the Company intends to establish a platform for the trading of derivatives such as futures, options and swaps. We have taken no steps towards the establishment of such a platform, which will require both the development of technological solutions as well as applicable regulatory approvals, and accordingly, there is no assurance that such a trading platform will ever be developed. 

 

Our Growth Strategies

 

We believe that as INX Trading Solutions completes each phase of development, which we expect will increase the number of high-volume blockchain assets included on our platforms, our business operations will grow and enable us to launch several growth strategies, including the following:

 

Active expansion of institutional blockchain asset trading and large-scale block transactions. The Company plans to promote our trading platforms and related services with institutional and other accredited investors such as family offices, hedge funds and others who require access to platforms for trading cryptocurrencies or security tokens, including trades in large-scale block transactions.

 

Fully monetize market data and connectivity. We plan to serve as a hub for blockchain asset traders, institutional investors, commercial banks and individuals trading blockchain assets. As we attract more clients, we expect that we will accumulate non-proprietary big-data relating to trading behavior and related market statistics. We plan to use this data for internal use and as a product to be sold to institutional investors and trade analysts.

 

Strategic opportunities. Upon completion of development phases, we plan to pursue strategic alliances with commercial banks and other licensed and regulated blockchain asset trading platforms for the expansion of our business. In addition, we believe that a part of our future growth strategy will include the acquisitions and integration of other blockchain service providers under INX Trading Solutions.

 

The INX Token. Use of the INX Token is intended to create a “virtuous cycle.” Holders of INX Tokens will be entitled to a distribution based on our net cash flow from operating activities, excluding any cash proceeds from an initial sale by the Company of an INX Token. Our profit share model makes these INX Token holders beneficiaries of the growth and success of the Company’s operations. This in turn increases the value of the INX Token and its acceptance as a method of payment on the INX Securities trading platform. The Company has not allocated for issuance and has not current intention to issue 35 million of the 200 million INX Tokens that have been created. In addition, the Company will reserve an additional 20% of INX Tokens received as payment of transaction fees, as long as the total amount of INX Tokens reserved does not exceed 35 million plus 50% of the number of INX Tokens sold by the Company to the public pursuant to our initial public offering and subsequent offerings of INX Tokens (excluding re-issuances of reacquired INX Tokens), up to a maximum of 100 million INX Tokens. The Company does not intend to issue these reserved INX Tokens for general fundraising purposes; these INX Tokens may be issued to fund acquisitions, address regulatory requirements or fund the operations of the Company if the Board of Directors determines that the Company has net cash balances sufficient to fund less than six months of the Company’s operations. We intend to restrict issuances of the reserved INX Tokens to these or similar extraordinary situations to limit the dilution to INX Token holders.

 

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Single integrated solution. We believe that developing INX Trading Solutions with the capability to provide customers with a single integrated solution to access an array of services and features will be preferred by participants in the financial services community and will attract high volume traders who need a multifunctional trading solution. We intend to bolster our competitive position by developing platforms for a wide breadth of asset classes, each platform with a suite of workflow functionalities across the entire transaction lifecycle, including pre-trade, trade and post-trade services. In the future, the Company intends to establish a platform for the trading of derivatives such as futures, options and swaps. We have taken no steps towards the establishment of such a platform, which will require the development of technological solutions as well as federal and state regulatory approvals; accordingly, there is no assurance that such a trading platform will ever be developed.

 

Competition

 

We face intense competition in the blockchain asset trading market on a global level. As of March 27, 2021 top blockchain asset trading platforms, based on USD daily trading volume, include Binance, Huoboi Global, Upbit, OKEx, Coinbase Pro, BKEX, and BitZ.17

 

An ever-growing number of previously unregulated trading platforms have announced intentions to operate as a regulated broker-dealers, or as otherwise regulated entities either under the federal securities laws, U.S. state or local laws or, as applicable, the laws of other jurisdictions (outside the U.S.) such as the EU. The market for trading blockchain assets has generated considerable interest and is continually evolving with new entrants to the market. In addition, established financial institutions have expressed interest in operating regulated blockchain asset exchanges or trading platforms and utilizing blockchain assets in bank financing practices. 

 

For example, in January 2019, t0.com, Inc. announced that its security token trading platform was operational and began trading tZERO token, in compliance with SEC and FINRA regulations. Coinbase and Uphold, two blockchain asset trading platforms, have each announced plans to SEC approval to operate trading platforms for trading blockchain assets that are securities. 

 

In addition, there has been growing institutional interest in operating regulated blockchain asset exchanges and utilizing blockchain assets in bank financing practices. In January 2017, UBS, BNY Mellon, Deutsche Bank, Santander, NEX and blockchain startup Clearmatics announced their own blockchain asset issuances with the intent to incorporate blockchain assets in currency-related transactions, encourage regulation by central banks and create fiat-like asset-collateralized networks on custom blockchain platforms that apply “permissioned” and centralized blockchain technology. In December 2017, Bank of America was awarded a patent for an automated digital currency exchange system. Also in December 2017, the Chicago Board of Exchange began trading in bitcoin futures, and was joined shortly thereafter by CME Group, also offering bitcoin futures. In February 2019, JPMorgan launched its own cryptocurrency, JPM Coin, which it initially plans to use for settlement of international payments for large corporate clients, securities transactions and for larger corporations that use JP Morgan’s treasury services. 

 

The market for trading blockchain assets is developing and we anticipate new entrants to the market and competition to intensify in the future. Our future competitors may have greater resources than us and there can be no assurance that we will have the financial and operational resources necessary to carry out our business plan and successfully compete with our competitors. 

 

Regulation of our Trading Solution

 

To facilitate the operation of the INX Digital trading platform, INX Digital intends to file applications for licenses, or otherwise qualify to act, or to otherwise qualify to operate as a money transmitter/exchanger in various U.S. states. To facilitate the operation of the INX Securities trading platform, INX Services intends to file applications with FINRA for registration as a broker-dealer and subsequently to file applications with the SEC to register INX Securities as an ATS; prior to such ATS registration, INX Services may, at least initially, act as an introducing broker and offer clients the ability to buy and sell security tokens in their brokerage accounts. Our subsidiary in Gibraltar intends to apply to the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission for licenses under the Financial Services Act 2019 for its European-based operations. INX Services also is in compliance with the Gibraltar Proceeds of Crime Act 2015, which implements EU legislation in this field, and which was amended to extend specifically to digital tokenized assets.

 

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In the future, we intend to establish a platform for the trading of derivatives such as futures, options and swaps. We have taken no steps towards the establishment of such a platform, which will require the development of technological solutions as well as federal and state regulatory approvals; accordingly, there is no assurance that such a trading platform will ever be developed.

 

Regulation of Our Trading Platforms and Our Subsidiaries

 

The financial services industry is subject to extensive regulation under both federal and state laws. Regulators that oversee our business activities are charged with ensuring the integrity of the financial markets and the protection of customers and other third parties who engage in the financial markets. Registration as a money transmitter, broker-dealer, and alternative trading system will subject our subsidiaries to laws and regulations covering all aspects of financial services, including sales methods, trade practices, use and safekeeping of clients’ funds and other assets, minimum capital requirements, record keeping, financing of securities purchases and conduct of directors, officers and employees.

 

Regulation of Money Transmitters

 

The vast majority of States maintain “money transmitter”, “money service business” or “check casher” licensing and regulatory regimes, which generally govern entities that are in the business of taking possession of, providing non-bank storage services for and transferring funds. These state licensing regimes vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and, while certain states have issued guidance indicating that its licensing requirements do not apply to virtual currency, the majority of states have either affirmatively stated that certain virtual currency activities are covered by their licensing regime or have been silent on the issue. Many jurisdictions maintain exemptions and/or exceptions to their respective licensing regimes.

 

At a federal level, the activity regulated by state licenses also may make the relevant actor a “money transmitter” or “provider of prepaid access,” each of which is considered a “money service business” (“MSB”) that must be registered with FinCEN unless otherwise exempt. MSBs are subject to regulatory oversight and enforcement by FinCEN. MSBs are subject to the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (“BSA”). MSBs must register with FinCEN and implement a compliance program appropriately tailored to the MSBs’ money laundering and financial crime risks. An MSB’s compliance program must incorporate relevant reporting, recordkeeping and anti-money laundering controls and processes, including, to the extent applicable to the MSB’s business know-your-customer controls, transaction monitoring, filing of suspicious activity reports (“SARs”), and sharing information with other financial institutions under Section 314(b) of the USA PATRIOT Act, the “Funds Transfer Rule,” or the “Funds Travel Rule.” On March 18, 2013 and May 9, 2019, FinCEN issued guidance concerning virtual currency and MSB licensing requirements in which FinCEN identified “administrators” or “exchangers” of virtual currencies as MSBs, unless an exemption applies. There are various exemptions to the MSB registration requirements. For example, entities that are “registered with, and functionally regulated or examined by, the SEC or the CFTC” are exempt from federal MSB registration and reporting obligations.

 

Larger money transmitters may also be subject to direct supervision by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) and are required to provide additional consumer information and disclosures, adopt error resolution standards and adjust refund procedures for international transactions originating in the United States in a manner consistent with the Remittance Transfer Rule (a rule issued by the CFPB pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act). In addition, the CFPB may adopt other regulations governing consumer financial services, including regulations defining unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices, and new model disclosures. In addition, money transmitters may be subject to periodic examination by the CFPB.

 

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We have registered INX Digital with FinCEN as a federal MSB and we have notified or intend to notify and/or register with state regulators in compliance with state money transmitter requirements. We do not currently intend to rely on any state or federal exemptions to registering as an MSB, including any exemptions relating to registration with and regulation by the SEC or CFTC, and we intend to monitor all legislative and regulatory developments with respect to the BSA, including the publication of further rulings or guidance by FinCEN, and to make revisions to INX Digital’s compliance program when appropriate.

  

Broker-Dealer Regulation

 

In the United States, the SEC is the federal agency responsible for the administration of the federal securities laws, with certain standard setting and monitoring responsibilities delegated to self-regulatory organizations (“SROs”). Of these SROs, the regulation of broker-dealers is principally the function of FINRA and every firm and broker that sells securities to the public in the United States must be licensed and registered by FINRA. National securities exchanges, such as the New York Stock Exchange, also regulate and monitor broker-dealer activity. In addition to federal and SRO oversight, securities firms are also subject to regulation by state securities administrators in those states in which they conduct business.

 

Broker-dealers, like other securities market participants, must comply with the general “antifraud” provisions of the federal securities laws. The “antifraud” provisions prohibit misstatements or misleading omissions of material facts, and fraudulent or manipulative acts and practices, in connection with the purchase or sale of securities, and broker-dealers must conduct their activities to avoid these kinds of practices.

 

Broker-dealers must also comply with many requirements that are designed to maintain high industry standards. Broker-dealers owe their customers a duty: a) of fair dealing, b) to recommend only those specific investments or overall investment strategies that are suitable, c) to seek to obtain the most favorable terms available under the circumstances for its orders (best execution), d) to provide at or before the completion of transaction certain information (including the identifying the securities involved in the transaction and compensation related to the transaction), and e) to provide notice about purchasing securities on credit, among other disclosure requirements.

 

Broker-dealers are also subject to broad obligations under the Bank Secrecy Act to guard against money laundering and terrorist financing which include requirements to file reports or retain records relating to suspicious transactions, customer identity, large cash transactions, cross-border currency movement, foreign bank accounts and wire transfers, among other things.

 

Every U.S.-registered broker-dealer is also subject to the Uniform Net Capital Requirements. The Uniform Net Capital Requirements are designed to ensure financial soundness and liquidity by prohibiting a broker or dealer from engaging in business at a time when it does not satisfy minimum net capital requirements.

 

In the United States, net capital is essentially defined as net worth (assets minus liabilities), plus qualifying subordinated borrowings and less certain mandatory deductions that result from excluding assets that are not readily convertible into cash and from conservatively valuing certain other assets, such as a firm’s positions in securities. Among these deductions are adjustments, which are referred to as “haircuts,” in the market value of securities positions to reflect the market risk of such positions prior to their liquidation or disposition. The Uniform Net Capital Requirements also impose a minimum ratio of equity to subordinated debt which may be included in net capital.

 

Regulations have been adopted by the SEC that prohibit the withdrawal of equity capital of a broker-dealer, restrict the ability of a broker-dealer to distribute or engage in any transaction with a parent company or an affiliate that results in a reduction of equity capital or to provide an unsecured loan or advance against equity capital for the direct or indirect benefit of certain persons related to the broker-dealer (including partners and affiliates) if the broker-dealer’s net capital is, or would be as a result of such withdrawal, distribution, loan or advance, below specified thresholds of excess net capital. In addition, the SEC’s regulations require certain notifications to be provided in advance of such withdrawals, distributions, reductions, loans and advances that exceed in the aggregate 30% of excess net capital within any 30 day period, and the SEC has the authority to restrict, for up to 20 business days, such withdrawal, distribution or reduction of capital if the SEC concludes that it may be detrimental to the financial integrity of the broker-dealer or may expose its customers or creditors to loss. Notice is required following any such withdrawal, distribution, reduction, loan or advance that exceeds in the aggregate 20% of excess net capital within any 30 day period. The SEC’s regulations limiting withdrawals of excess net capital do not preclude the payment to employees of “reasonable compensation.”

 

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Compliance with the Uniform Net Capital Requirements may limit the extent and nature of our operations requiring the use of our registered broker-dealer subsidiaries’ capital, and could also restrict or preclude our ability to withdraw capital from our broker-dealer subsidiaries.

 

Regulation ATS

 

Regulation ATS permits a U.S. ATS to match orders submitted by buyers and sellers without having to register as a national securities exchange. An ATS, although functionally an exchange, is regulated as a broker-dealer. In order to acquire the status of an ATS, a firm must first be registered as a broker-dealer, and then file an initial operation report with respect to the trading system on Form ATS. The Form ATS must provide detailed information regarding the types of subscribers it expects to admit to the system, the securities it expects to trade, the manner in which the system operates, including how orders are entered and transactions executed, reported, cleared and settled, as well as all relevant infrastructure and procedures concerning system access, capacity, supervision, security, contingency planning and subscriber compliance.

 

The initial operation report must be accurate and kept current. The Commission does not issue approval orders for Form ATS filings; however, the Form ATS is not considered filed unless it complies with all applicable requirements under Regulation ATS. Regulation ATS contains provisions concerning the system’s operations, including: fair access to the trading system; fees charged; the display of orders and the ability to execute orders; system capacity, integrity and security; record keeping and reporting; and procedures to ensure the confidential treatment of trading information.

 

An ATS must also comply with any applicable SRO rules and with state laws relating to alternative trading systems and relating to the offer or sale of securities or the registration or regulation of persons or entities effecting securities transactions.

 

Futures Exchanges, Clearing Houses, and Swaps

 

The CFTC is the federal agency primarily responsible for the administration of federal commodities laws, including the adoption of rules applicable to Futures Commissions Merchants, Designated Contract Markets and Swap Execution Facilities. The operations of U.S. futures exchanges, clearing houses, swap data repository and swap execution facilities are subject to extensive regulation by the CFTC. The CFTC carries out the regulation of the futures and swaps markets and clearing houses in accordance with the provisions of the Commodity Exchange Act as amended by, among others, the Commodity Futures Modernization Act and Dodd-Frank.

 

Regulatory Oversight of Blockchain Assets

 

The following is a summary of recent demonstrations of regulatory action taken with regard to blockchain assets. We believe that these actions will impact the Company; however, regulation of the blockchain industry is evolving rapidly. The regulatory landscape may differ from country to country, but we expect for the foreseeable future that regulators will maintain an increased focus on blockchain assets. In addition, the SEC, FINRA, and courts have continued, and likely will continue, to promulgate statements, enforcement actions and rulings, as applicable, interpreting the characterization of blockchain assets, the issuance of blockchain assets and regulating behavior in the market. It is likely that there will be many additional developments between the date of this statement and the issue of the INX Tokens.

 

Regulation of blockchain assets by U.S. federal and state governments, foreign governments and self-regulatory organizations remains in its early stages. As blockchain assets have grown in popularity and in market size, the Federal Reserve Board, U.S. Congress and certain U.S. agencies such as the SEC, the CFTC, FinCEN and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, have begun to examine the nature of blockchain assets and the markets on which they are traded.

 

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The SEC has taken various actions against persons or entities misusing blockchain assets, including virtual currencies, in connection with fraudulent schemes, inaccurate and inadequate publicly disseminated information, and the offering of unregistered securities. In addition, on July 25, 2017, the SEC issued Release No. 81207 (“the DAO Report”), in which it analyzed a certain issuance of tokens, and indicated that “whether or not a particular transaction involves the offer and sale of a security – regardless of the terminology used – will depend on the facts and circumstances, including the economic realities of the transaction”. The SEC clarified that the registration requirements “apply to those who offer and sell securities in the United States, regardless whether the issuing entity is a traditional company or a decentralized autonomous organization, regardless whether those securities are …distributed in certificated form or through distributed ledger technology…”. On December 4, 2017, and December 11, 2017, the SEC announced enforcement actions relating to the PlexCoin and Munchee token launches, respectively. Also on, December 11, 2017, SEC Chairman Jay Clayton published a public statement entitled “Cryptocurrencies and Initial Coin Offerings.” The SEC has made a concerted effort to monitor the ICO market and address—through the DAO Report and the more recent SEC guidance—transactions and behaviors it believes are both inconsistent with and in violation of U.S. securities laws. In early 2018, media reports indicated that the SEC has subpoenaed around 80 cryptocurrency firms as part of a targeted probe. On March 7, 2018 the Divisions of Enforcement and Trading and Markets issued a public statement stating that many digital assets are likely to be securities under the federal securities laws, and urged investors to use platforms for trading such assets that are registered with the SEC, such as a national securities exchange, ATS, or broker-dealer. Since March 2018, the SEC has continued to bring enforcement actions and make public statements which further supports its view that blockchain assets should be treated as securities in almost all cases.

 

On December 18, 2017, the Chicago Board of Exchange began trading in bitcoin futures, and was joined shortly thereafter by CME Group, also offering bitcoin futures. In May 2018, it was reported that Goldman Sachs will offer trading in bitcoin futures and non-deliverable forwards to its clients.

 

Also in December 2017, Bloomberg added three cryptocurrencies to its terminal service (previously having provided bitcoin data since 2014) and the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) announced it would move forward with a plan to replace its current clearing and settlement process with a blockchain solution.

 

On November 16, 2018, Division of Corporation Finance, Division of Investment Management, and Division of Trading and Markets issued the Statement on Digital Asset Securities Issuance and Trading addressing the SEC’s enforcement actions involving and relating to digital asset securities. The Statement confirmed the applicability of the federal securities law framework to new and emerging technologies, such as blockchain, and provided a summary of the circumstances under which the SEC has taken enforcement action against participants in the marketplace for digital asset securities, including actions against initial offerings and sales of securities and actors and institutions that develop and facilitate the secondary market for securities.

 

On April 3, 2019, the Strategic Hub for Innovation and Financial Technology (FinHub) of the SEC published informal guidance, titled “Framework for ‘Investment Contract’ Analysis of Digital Assets” (the Framework), which provides analytical tools for determining whether a blockchain asset is a security under the U.S. federal securities laws. In the Framework, the SEC uses the term “digital asset” to refer to an asset that is issued and transferred using distributed ledger or blockchain technology. In this prospectus, we use the term “blockchain asset” to distinguish between assets that are recorded and stored using blockchain technology and assets that may be stored in digital form but which do not utilize blockchain technology. In addition, the SEC has not used the term “security token.” The Framework provides a list of factors to consider when determining whether a digital asset offered for sale is a security. The factors included in the Framework are based on an analysis of whether the blockchain asset is an “investment contract” as that term was first used by the Supreme Court in SEC v. Howey, 328 U.S. 293 (1946), and which has been further clarified through subsequent case law.

 

The CFTC has asserted the belief that bitcoin and other virtual currencies meet the definition of a commodity and that the CFTC has regulatory authority over futures and other derivatives based on virtual currencies, subject to facts and circumstances. The CFTC defined “virtual currencies” as “a digital representation of value that functions as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and/or a store of value, but does not have legal tender status in any jurisdiction. Bitcoin and other virtual currencies are distinct from ‘real’ currencies, which are the coin and paper money of the United States or another country that are designated as legal tender, circulate, and are customarily used and accepted as a medium of exchange in the country of issuance.” Although the CFTC maintains regulatory oversight of the commodities markets, beyond its anti-fraud and anti- manipulation authorities, the CFTC generally does not oversee “spot” or cash market exchanges and transactions involving virtual currencies that do not utilize margin, leverage, or financing. For this reason, we do not anticipate that we will be required to register with the CFTC in order to operate the INX Digital and INX Securities trading platforms.

 

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In addition to relevant state money transmitter and securities laws, local state regulators may also regulate or seek to regulate blockchain assets. In July 2014, the New York State Department of Financial Services (the “NYSDFS”) proposed the first state regulatory framework for licensing participants in “virtual currency business activity.” The regulations, known as the “BitLicense,” are intended to focus on consumer protection and, after the closure of an initial comment period that yielded 3,746 formal public comments and a re-proposal, the NYSDFS issued its final BitLicense regulatory framework in June 2015. The BitLicense regulates the conduct of businesses that are involved in “virtual currencies” in New York or with New York customers and prohibits any person or entity involved in such activity to conduct activities without a license. Not all regulations of blockchain assets are restrictive. For example, on June 28, 2014, California repealed a provision of its Corporations Code that prohibited corporations from using alternative forms of currency or value. The bill indirectly authorizes the use of bitcoin as an alternative form of money in the state.

  

The IRS has released guidance treating bitcoin as property that is not currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Taxing authorities of a number of U.S. states have also issued their own guidance regarding the tax treatment of bitcoin for state income or sales tax purposes. The treatment of blockchain assets may be the subject of contemplated tax reform.

 

On November 13, 2017, the European Securities Authority (“ESMA”) issued two statements, the first statement is intended to warn investors of the risks inherent in the ICOs, and the second statement sought to alert the companies involved in the ICO process regarding the need for ICOs and token issuers to meet relevant EU and member state regulatory requirements. On February 12, 2018, ESMA issued another EU-wide warning to consumers about the risks of buying virtual currencies. In July 2018, The EU Fifth Anti Money Laundering Directive (EU) 2018/843 came into force and extended the scope of the KYC/AML regulation to virtual currency exchange platforms and wallet providers.  On January 9, 2019, both ESMA as well as the European Banking Authority published reports on crypto-assets assessing the suitability of the existing regulatory framework to these instruments.

 

Blockchain assets also face an uncertain regulatory landscape in many foreign jurisdictions. On September 4, 2017, the People’s Bank of China labeled blockchain asset sales as “illegal and disruptive to economic and financial stability.” Previously, China had issued a notice that classified bitcoin as legal and “virtual commodities;” however, the same notice restricted the banking and payment industries from using bitcoin, creating uncertainty and limiting the ability of Bitcoin Exchanges to operate in the then-second largest bitcoin market. South Korea’s Financial Services Commission likewise prohibited all forms of tokens on September 29, 2017. Japan has enacted a law regulating virtual currencies which has brought Bitcoin exchanges under know-your-customer and anti-money laundering rules, and resulted in the categorization of Bitcoin as a kind of prepaid payment instrument. The law puts in place capital requirements for exchanges as well as cybersecurity and operational stipulations. In addition, those exchanges are also required to conduct employee training programs and submit to annual audits. To date, the Japanese Financial Services Agency (FSA) has granted licenses to 15 different cryptocurrencies or tokens trading platforms. In November 2017, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (“MAS”) issued a statement that tokens sold through the blockchain funding model may be considered securities under certain circumstances under Singapore law, and provided case studies as examples of tokens that do and do not constitute securities. Previously, the MAS had stated that other laws may apply to token sales, such as money laundering and terrorism financing laws.

 

Other jurisdictions are still researching the subject. In September 2017, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (“FINMA”) issued guidance that it was investigating ICOs and that whenever FINMA is notified about ICO procedures that breach regulatory law or which seek to circumvent financial market law it initiates enforcement proceedings. On February 16, 2018 FINMA publicly announced ICO guidelines. In December 2018, the Swiss Federal Council adopted a report on the legal framework for blockchain and distributed ledger technology in the financial sector. In March 2019, the Federal Council initiated consultation with regard to specific amendments to federal law for the purpose of adapting federal law to developments in distributed ledger technology.

 

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In December 2017, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) issued a statement on distributed ledger technology which said, in part, that the FCA will gather further evidence and conduct a deeper examination of the ICO market and that its findings will help to determine whether or not there is need for further regulatory action. In June 2018, an amendment to the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange Ltd. (“TASE”) regulations entered into effect, under which shares of companies operating in the field of cryptographic currencies will be excluded and / or not included in the TASE indices, if such a company is engaged in the holding, investing or mining of distributed cryptographic currencies, and the TASE Indices Committee decides that this activity is material or expected to be material to the company’s business. The Israel Securities Authority (ISA) has previously indicated that to date, there is uncertainty as to the format and extent of the regulation that will apply to the various activities in cryptographic currencies - especially those of decentralized currencies without any centralized entity, such as Bitcoin, in terms of taxation, prevention of money laundering and terrorism, cyber security and investor protection. In addition, the ISA has appointed a special committee authorized to examine the regulation of issuances of cryptographic currencies to the public.

 

In its final report, published in March 2019, the special committee recommended, among other things, focusing on the following: establishing a dedicated disclosure regime to adjust to the unique characteristics of such activities; formation by a number of Israeli regulatory authorities (among others, the Bank of Israel, Israeli Tax Authority, Anti-Money-Laundering Authority, Ministry of Finance, Justice Department, Israeli National Cyber Directorate and ISA) of a ‘regulatory sandbox’ with the aim of creating a harmonious government policy and the removal of barriers to domestic industry in the field of cryptographic assets; and examining a better suitable regulatory framework for the trading activity of cryptographic assets that are deemed securities. In addition, the special committee final report further provided the following initial regulatory guidelines to this field:

 

(1) The question of whether a cryptocurrency will be considered a security will be decided according to the totality of the circumstances and characteristics of each case on its merits against the background of the purposes of the Israeli law;

 

(2) Cryptographic currencies that grant rights similar to those of traditional securities such as shares, bonds or participation units will be considered securities. This category includes, for example, tokens who grant rights to participate in revenue or profits generated from an enterprise; tokens granting rights to receive payments, fixed or variable, whether by way of the allocation of additional currencies or by way of redemption of currencies; or tokens granting ownership rights or membership in an enterprise whose purpose is to generate an economic yield;

 

(3) blockchain assets intended to be used as a method of payment, clearing or exchange only, other than in a specific enterprise, which do not confer additional rights and are not controlled by a central entity, shall not typically be considered a security;

 

(4) blockchain assets that embody a right to a product or service and are purchased for consumption and use only shall not typically be considered securities; and

 

(5) a public offering of a cryptographic currency falling to the definition of a security is subject to the requirement to publish a prospectus.

 

On August 24, 2017, the Canadian Securities Administrators (“CSA”) published a staff position on the proposal (Offering) of cryptographic tokens to the public. The staff position indicated that there is an increasing trend in the offers of cryptographic tokens to the public, including the offerings of cryptographic tokens which are characterized as securities or derivatives, and therefore in these cases the Canadian securities and derivatives laws shall apply to the ICOs. In addition to the ICO definition, the publication includes reference to registration and disclosure requirements, the various trading platforms relevant to ICO, and how they are marketed, to the investment funds that offer cryptographic currencies and the regulatory Sandbox. Regarding the question of whether cryptographic tokens are securities, the CSA position states that, many of the ICOs that were examined found to be that the tokens issued in this proceeding are securities, including in light of the fact that they were considered as “investment contract.”

 

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The Government of Gibraltar has enacted the Financial Services (Distributed Ledger Technology Providers) Regulations (the “DLT Regulations”) which came into effect on January 1, 2018. The primary purpose of the DLT Regulations is to create a safe environment for DLT-related businesses to operate and innovate, while simultaneously protecting consumers and safeguarding Gibraltar’s reputation as a trusted and stable global business hub. Companies which use blockchain technology to store or transmit value belonging to others by way of business are caught by the DLT Regulations and require a license in Gibraltar. The activity of undertaking a token sale does not automatically fall within the scope of the DLT Regulations but may depend on the manner in which the sale of tokens in structured and the characteristics of the token.

 

We anticipate treating the INX Tokens as securities under the laws of all foreign jurisdictions.

 

C. Organizational Structure.

 

The following table sets forth the legal name, location and country of incorporation and percentage ownership of each of our current principal operating subsidiaries:

 

Subsidiary Name  Country of
Incorporation
  Ownership
Percentage
 
        
INX Digital, Inc.  United States (Delaware)   100%
INX Services, Inc.  United States (Delaware)   100%
INX Solutions Limited  Gibraltar   100%
Midgard Technologies Ltd.  Israel   100%

 

D. Property, Plant and Equipment.

 

The Company currently does not own or hold any tangible fixed assets, including real property, plant or equipment, whether by leasehold or otherwise.

 

ITEM 4A.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

  

A. Operating Results.

 

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the section titled “Selected Financial Data” and our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion and other parts of this prospectus contain forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors.”  

 

Overview

 

We are developing INX Trading Solutions, a regulated solution for trading blockchain assets, that will initially include a cryptocurrency trading platform operated by INX Digital, for which we are qualified to operate as a money transmitter in nine (9) US states. We intend to obtain money transmitter licenses or otherwise become qualified to operate in most US states during the fourth quarter of 2021. We also presently intend to establish INX Securities as an ATS, to be operated by INX Services, which we plan to register as a licensed broker-dealer. Our vision is to establish two trading platforms and a security token that provides regulatory clarity to the blockchain asset industry.

 

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Initially, we plan to generate revenues primarily from fees received by us in connection with activities on the INX Digital trading platform. We intend to generate additional fees once we have completed the regulatory and technical requirements for the INX Securities trading platform. However, there is currently significant uncertainty regarding the application of federal and state laws to the trading of security tokens, including the application of current regulations governing the conduct of market intermediaries, and this uncertainty may cause significant delay or may prevent us from developing our INX Securities trading platform as currently envisioned. Prior to the establishment of INX Securities as an ATS, INX Services may operate exclusively as an introducing broker with an order management system and to route security token order flow to one or more third party alternative trading systems.

 

Results of Operations and Known Trends or Future Events

 

We were incorporated on November 27, 2017 and since our date of inception our operations have consisted solely of planning and development of the INX Token and INX Trading Solutions. We have not generated any revenues from operations since our inception. 

 

We will not generate any operating revenues until our trading platforms becomes operational. We currently generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on cash and cash equivalents and other investments. There has been no significant change in our financial position and no material adverse change has occurred since the date of our audited financial statements.

 

On August 20, 2020, the SEC declared as effective our registration statement on Form F-1 filed in connection with our initial public offering. We terminated the offering on April 22, 2021. Under the offering, we raised an aggregate of $[ ] in consideration for INX Tokens.

 

As a result of being a public company, we expect to incur substantially increased expenses (for legal, financial reporting, and compliance). We expect our expenses to increase after the closing of the Valdy Transaction.

 

Results of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2020

 

Total Operating Expenses

 

Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $11,581,000, and they consist of research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses. Research and development expenses, which amounted to $1,581,000, include the cost of development of our trading platform and primarily comprised of costs of our research and development personnel and other development-related expenses. Sales and marketing expenses amounted to $2,153,000, primarily comprised of costs of personnel and other marketing costs incurred in connection with our initial public offering. General and administrative expenses, which amounted to $7,847,000, include costs of personnel, costs associated with the registration of our platform, as well as legal and other services related to our initial public offering.

 

Loss

 

Our loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 was approximately $24,331,000.

 

Adjusted Operating Cash Flow (Negative)

 

Our Adjusted Operating Cash Flow for year ended December 31, 2020 was approximately negative $6,055,000. The cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow as of December 31, 2020 was approximately negative $12,419,000.

 

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The following table provides the calculation of our cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow (in U.S. Dollars) as of December 31, 2020:

 

Cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow as of December 31, 2019   (6,364,000)
      
Less: Net cash used in operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2020   (6,055,000)
      
Less: $0 in cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow as of December 31, 2019 that formed the basis of distribution paid to INX Token holders on April 30, 2020 (there was no distribution)   - 
      
Plus: Proceeds from INX Tokens in the year ended December 31, 2020   10,403,000 
      
Less: Proceeds from initial sale of INX Tokens in the year ended December 31, 2020   (10,403,000)
      
Cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow as of December 31, 2020   (12,419,000)

 

Results of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2019

 

Total Operating Expenses

 

Operating expenses in the year ended December 31, 2019 were $2,900,000, and they consist of research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses. Research and development expenses, which amounted to $468,000, include the cost of development of our trading platform. Sales and marketing expenses amounted to $108,000 and include mainly cost of personnel. General and administrative expenses, which amounted to $2,324,000, include costs associated with the registration of our platform, as well as legal and other services related to the offering.

 

Loss

 

Our loss for the year ended December 31, 2019 was approximately $3,689,000.

 

Adjusted Operating Cash Flow (Negative)

 

Our Adjusted Operating Cash Flow for the year ended December 31, 2019 was approximately negative $2,514,000. The cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow as of December 31, 2019 was approximately negative $6,364,000.

 

The following table provides the calculation of our cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow (in U.S. Dollars) as of December 31, 2019:

 

Cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow as of December 31, 2018   (3,850,000)
      
Less: Net cash used in operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2019   (2,514,000)
      
Less: $0 in cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow as of December 31, 2018 that formed the basis of distribution paid to INX Token holders on April 30, 2019 (there was no distribution)   - 
      
Plus: Proceeds from INX Tokens in the year ended December 31, 2019   - 
      
Less: Proceeds from initial sale of INX Tokens in the year ended December 31, 2019   - 
      
Cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow as of December 31, 2019   (6,364,000)

 

Results of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2018

 

Total Operating Expenses

 

Operating expenses in the year ended December 31, 2018 were $3,664,000, and they consist of research and development, and general and administrative expenses. Research and development expenses, which amounted to $525,000, include the cost of development of our trading platform. General and administrative expenses, which amounted to $3,139,000, include costs associated with the registration of our platform, as well as legal and other services related to the offering.

 

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Loss

 

Our loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 was approximately $4,010,000.

 

Adjusted Operating Cash Flow (Negative)

 

Our Adjusted Operating Cash Flow for the year ended December 31, 2018 was approximately negative $3,262,000. The cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow as of December 31, 2018 was approximately negative $3,850,000.

 

The following table provides the calculation of our cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow (in U.S. Dollars) as of December 31, 2018:

 

Cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow as of December 31, 2017   (588,000)
      
Less: Net cash used in operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2018   (3,262,000)
      
Less: $0 in cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow as of December 31, 2017 that formed the basis of distribution paid to INX Token holders on April 30, 2018 (there was no distribution)   - 
      
Plus: Proceeds from INX Tokens in the year ended December 31, 2018   7,000 
      
Less: Proceeds from initial sale of INX Tokens in the year ended December 31, 2018   (7,000)
      
Cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow as of December 31, 2018   (3,850,000)

 

Comparison of year ended December 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019

 

The following table presents an overview of our results of operations for year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

 

(U.S. Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

   Year ended
December 31, 2020
   Year ended
December 31, 2019
 
         
Operating expenses:        
         
Research and development   1,581    468 
Sales and marketing   2,153    108 
General and administrative   7,847    2,324 
           
Loss from operations   11,581    2,900 
           
Fair value adjustment of INX Token liability   12,518    762 
Fair value adjustment of INX Token warrant liability   209    92 
Finance expense   23    70 
Finance income   -    (135)
           
Loss and total comprehensive loss   24,331    3,689 
           
Loss per share, basic and diluted   2.00    0.32 
           
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted   12,152,006    11,395,273 

 

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Research and Development Expenses 

 

We incurred $1,581,000 in research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $468,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Research and Development expenses increased by $1,113,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily driven by increases of $255,000 and $333,000 in share-based and token-based compensation expense, respectively, increase of $447,000 in personnel cost and $78,000 in other cost and services related to the development of our trading platform.

 

Sales and Marketing Expenses 

 

We incurred $2,153,000 in sales and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $108,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $2,045,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily driven by increases of $106,000 and $423,000 in share-based and token-based compensation expense, respectively, increase of $261,000 in personnel costs and $1,255,000 in other marketing costs in connection with our initial public offering.

 

General and Administrative expenses

 

We incurred $7,847,000 in general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $2,324,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $5,523,000, primarily driven by increases of $48,000 and $3,168,000 in share-based and token-based compensation expense, respectively, increase of $845,000 in personnel costs, an increase of $1,253,000 in legal services and $210,000 in other operation costs.

 

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss - INX Token liability:

 

Our balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 includes a financial liability for INX Token holders, in the amount of $24,106,000. At December 31, 2020, we measured the INX Token fair value based on the offering price (see further details in Note 3 in the financial statements).

 

As of December 31, 2020, the Company has commitments to grant 5,906,083 INX Tokens to directors, employees and service providers, some of which are exercisable six months following the date the Offering is declared effective by the SEC, or subject to vesting schedule. The related liability in the amount of $4,249,000 is presented at fair value based on Black-Scholes pricing model. (see further details in Note 4 in the financial statements).

 

Changes in fair value of the liabilities noted above are recorded in profit or loss in our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

 

Loss and total comprehensive loss

 

Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2020, was $24,331,000, compared to net loss of $3,689,000 for year ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $20,642,000.

 

Adjusted Operating Cash Flow

 

Adjusted Operating Cash Flow for the year ended December 31, 2020, was negative $6,055,000, compared to an Adjusted Operating Cash Flow of negative $2,514,000 for the year ended December 31 year ended December 31, 2019, an increase in negative cash-flows from operations of $3,541,000 resulted from an increase in our loss from operations between the compered periods and decrease in fair value of digital assets.

 

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Comparison of the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

 

The following table presents an overview of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

 

(U.S. Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

   Year ended December 31,   Year ended
December 31,
 
   2019   2018 
Operating expenses:        
Research and development   468    525 
General and administrative   2,432    3,139 
Loss from operations   2,900    3,664 
           
Fair value adjustment of INX Token and derivative liabilities   854    340 
Finance expense   70    6 
Finance income   (135)   - 
           
Loss and total comprehensive loss   3,689    4,010 
           
Loss per share, basic and diluted   0.32    0.50 
           
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted   11,395,273    7,948,935 

 

Research and Development Expenses 

 

We incurred $468,000 in research and development expenses for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $525,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Research and Development expenses decreased by $57,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. This decrease was primarily a result of an increased efficiency achieved from using an internal development team over third party contractors used in early years. 

 

General and Administrative expenses

 

We incurred $2,432,000 in general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $3,139,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, a decrease of $707,000, primarily due to a decrease in legal and other costs related to our initial public offering.

 

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss - INX Token liability:

 

Our balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 includes a financial liability for INX Token holders in the amount of $1,179,000. As currently there is no trading market for the INX Token, we determined its fair value based on a valuation derived from a third-party transaction (see further details in Note 3 in the financial statements). Changes in fair value of the INX Token liability are recorded in profit or loss in our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

 

Loss and total comprehensive loss

 

Loss and total comprehensive loss for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 was $3,689,000, compared to net loss of $4,010,000 for year ended December 31, 2018, a decrease of $321,000.

 

Adjusted Operating Cash Flow

 

Adjusted Operating Cash Flow for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 was negative $2,514,000, compared to an Adjusted Operating Cash Flow of negative $3,262,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, a decrease in net cash outflows of $748,000.

 

INX Token Valuation

 

The fair value of each INX Token as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $0.90, and $0.06237, respectively. The fair value as of December 31, 2020 was $0.90 per token based on the price of our initial public offering. The level in the fair value hierarchy is level 1.

 

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Certain INX tokens holders are subject to lock-up agreements that restrict such holder’s ability to sell or transfer their INX Tokens for periods of 6 to 24 months. For the purpose of determining the fair value of the INX token liability, the company considered the restriction which apply on such token holders by discounting the offering price with a discount rate reflecting the lack of marketability during the lock-up period. The level in the fair value hierarchy with respect for such token holder is level 2.

 

The fair value as of December 31, 2019 was determined by management and the Board of Directors based on a valuation derived from a capital raise pursuant to the terms of a SAFE approved by the Board of directors in February 2020. In determining the fair value of the INX Token from these transactions, the Company used various inputs and assumptions in performing an underlying comparison of the shareholder’s and INX Token holder’s participation rights in the Company’s earning distribution. The significant inputs and assumptions are the price of the Ordinary share of the Company, the volatility used in valuing the Company’s share options and INX Token warrants, expected term of the INX Token warrants, the number of INX Tokens expected to be issued in the Offering and the weighted average probability as to the amount of funds to be raised in the Offering. The level in the fair value hierarchy is level 3.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

In accordance with IFRS, in preparing our financial statements, we must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of net revenues and expenses during the reported period. We develop and periodically change these estimates and assumptions based on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

 

The critical accounting policies requiring estimates, assumptions and judgments that we believe have the most significant impact on our financial statements are described below.

 

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss - INX Token liability:

 

Based on the terms of the INX Token, the INX Token is a hybrid financial instrument. The host instrument is a financial liability due to the right of the INX Token holder to effectively redeem the INX Token in consideration as payment for services. The INX Token is considered a puttable instrument which is a financial liability in accordance with IAS 32, Financial Instruments: Presentation.

 

The Company’s obligation to distribute annually to the INX Token holders 40% of the Company’s Adjusted Operating Cash Flow is an embedded derivative. The Company views the Company’s operating cash flows as a financial variable, and therefore, the embedded derivative requires bifurcation pursuant to IFRS 9 (IAS 39 for the period to December 31, 2017). The Company elected in accordance with IAS 39 (which election remains in effect upon adoption of IFRS 9) to designate the entire financial liability (including the embedded derivative) at fair value through profit and loss.

 

Accordingly, the INX Token liability is remeasured to fair value at the end of each reporting period. The changes in fair value are recognized in profit or loss. IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, replaces IAS 39 for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2018 and accordingly starting January 1, 2018, the Company applied IFRS 9 retrospectively, without adjusting the comparative information, which continues to be reported under IAS 39. According to IFRS 9, changes in the fair value of a financial liability designated as at fair value through profit or loss which are attributable to the change in credit risk of that liability are presented in other comprehensive income. All other changes in fair value of that liability are presented in profit or loss. The change in the fair value of the INX Token liability attributable to changes in credit risk, excluding those changes in credit risk attributable to the embedded derivative, are immaterial for all reported periods and therefore no amounts have been included in other comprehensive income in respect of credit risk.

 

When the INX Token is used to pay for services provided by the Company, the respective portion of the INX Token liability is derecognized and revenue is recognized. The fair value of INX Tokens issued in consideration for services to be provided to the Company is recognized as compensation expense as the services are provided.

 

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Going Concern and Management Plans

 

The audited financial statements, included in this prospectus, have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. Since inception of activities in September 2017, we have incurred a loss from operations and as of December 31, 2020, we have an accumulated deficit of $32,667,000. We have not yet generated cash from operations and we require financing resources to support the ongoing operations, particularly development, marketing and operational costs. Our future expenditures and capital requirements will depend on numerous factors, including: the success of the Offering, the progress of the platform’s development efforts, timely launch of the operations of the INX Trading platform, and the outcome of the coronavirus pandemic which may impact the Company’s operations and the ability to raise capital (see Note 1 (d) in our financial statements).

 

We are dependent upon the funds from the Offering to satisfy our working capital requirements in the coming 12 months. As described in Note 1(a) in our financial statements, through December 31, 2020 we received approximately $9.2 million from purchases of INX Tokens pursuant to the Offering. Our management believes that the aforementioned proceeds as well the additional proceeds amounting to approximately $15,000 received from the Offering through the date of approval of our financial statements  are sufficient to finance our operations for at least the coming 12 months, and accordingly, have concluded that the going concern assumption is appropriate.

 

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources.

 

To date, we have generated no cash from operations. We have financed our operations through debt issuances and equity investments made by our shareholders. See “Item 7.B Related Party Transactions.” We expect to require additional cash to fund our ongoing operational needs, particularly our development and marketing expenses and employee salaries. 

 

Our future expenditures and capital requirements will depend on numerous factors, including: the progress of our development efforts and the rate at which we can get our trading platforms up and running. We are dependent upon funds raised from our initial public offering and other capital raises to satisfy our working capital requirements. Our business does not presently generate any cash.

 

We believe that we have sufficient capital to finance our operations for at least 24 months; however, we may need to obtain additional financing prior to that time.

 

C.Research and Development

 

For information concerning our research and development policies and a description of the amount spent during each of the last three fiscal years on company-sponsored research and development activities, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Results of Operations.”

 

D.Trend Information

 

See Item 4, Item 5.A and Item 5.B.

 

E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

As of December 31, 2020, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4) (ii) of Regulation S-K..

 

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F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

 

The following summarizes our significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020 (U.S. Dollars in thousands):

 

   Payments due by period 
   Less than
1 year
   Total 
Accounts Payable   423    423 
Accrued bonuses   905    905 
INX Token Liability   24,106    24,106 
INX Token warrant liability   4,249    4,249 
Convertible Loans   148    148 
           
Total   29,831    29,831 

 

(1) Our liabilities in the balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 do not include the following contingent obligations:

 

We have entered into an agreement with A-Labs Finance and Advisory Ltd. pursuant to which A-Labs will promote our initial public offering of INX Tokens to non-U.S. persons only. Subject to the completion of an offering under which the Company has raised from non-U.S. persons not less than $10,000,000, A-Labs will receive a cash payment of no less than 6.25% of the aggregate gross proceeds of INX Tokens sold to non-U.S. persons, and as high as 10% of such gross proceeds for the initial $30 million raised from sales to non-U.S. persons. A-Labs will also receive a payment for non-broker services in an amount of $500,000 upon the Company selling at least $10 million worth of INX Tokens to U.S. persons. These contingent payments were not recorded on the balance sheet due to the uncertainty of the payments.

 

ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

 

A. Directors and Senior Management.

 

Our business strategy and activity and on-going day-to-day management is carried out through our officers, who are engaged through management, services, consulting or similar agreements.

 

The following table sets forth certain information relating to our executive officers, including their ages as of the date of this prospectus. Unless otherwise stated, the address for our senior management is at the Company’s registered office currently located at Unit 1.02, 1st Floor, 6 Bayside Road, Gibraltar, GX11 1AA.

 

Name   Age   Position
Shy Datika   51   President
Oran Mordechai   45   Chief Financial Officer
Itai Avneri   47   Chief Operating Officer
Maia Naor   37   Vice President, Product
Jonathan Azeroual   34   Vice President, Blockchain Asset Strategy
Alan Silbert   48   Director of INX Limited; Chief Executive Officer of North America
Douglas Borthwick   51   Chief Business Officer
Paz Diamant   50   Chief Technology Officer
Emiliano “Jon” Rios   39   Chief Compliance Officer
Catherine Yoon   42   General Counsel

 

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Mr. Shy Datika is one of our founders and is our President. Mr. Datika has more than 25 years of experience in the banking and finance industry. As founder and former Chief Executive Officer of ILS Brokers, a multinational brokerage house based in Tel-Aviv, Israel, Mr. Datika has a significant role in the adoption of electronic trading in the global OTC foreign exchange (OTC Forex) market as well as in the brokerage activity and online trading business. During the last 20 years, Mr. Datika has been extensively involved in financial technology (“fin-tech”) as an investor, director or manager of several companies, including as CEO of ForexManage Ltd., a software company providing professional technology platform solutions for institutional risk management and trading activities in the forex and interest rate derivatives markets for the banking industry, anyoption, Ouroboros Ltd (CySec licenced CIF) and as an independent (external) director and the Chairman of the Investment Committee and member of the Audit Committee of Altshuler Shaham provident funds and Pension Ltd. Prior to that, he was a senior dealer in Bank Hapoalim heading the G7 spot desk. Mr. Datika possesses broad knowledge in the areas of fin-tech and trading and has an extensive track record in building sustainable businesses in the financial market. Mr. Datika serves as a director on the board of numerous private companies.

 

Mr. Oran Mordechai is our Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining us in December 2017, Mr. Mordechai worked at Ernst & Young Israel for 13 years in several positions. Mr. Mordechai’s last role was as senior manager in the high-tech practice, leading and managing diverse client accounts, including start-ups through exits, domestic, multinational and publicly traded companies. Mr. Mordechai’s business experience includes corporate finance, international corporate tax, mergers and acquisitions and initial public offerings. Mr. Mordechai holds a BA in Economics, Management and Accounting from the College of Management and a MBA of Business Administration Finance and Financial Management Services from Tel-Aviv University and is a Certified Public Accountant. Mr. Mordechai is also the founder of Insight Finance, through which he provides financial services to his clients, including us.

 

Mr. Itai Avneri is our Chief Operating Officer and brings over 20 years of executive management experience into this role. His commercial work spans a variety of technology companies, including from June 2015 to June 2017, COO of anyoption, from June 2017 to July 2018, CEO of invest.com in Israel, where he spearheaded the shift to cryptocurrency and former Playtech Group-CMO and CEO of the Israel office. Since 2018 Mr. Avneri has on the advisory boards of various enterprises including Peality Races, Layer11, Groupiez and BeexOS. Mr. Avneri has led the launch of multiple financial services and products in Europe and South Africa among other regulated jurisdictions. He designed and built advanced information systems with specializations in trading, BI & CRM solutions, marketing and KYC automation as well as payments and integration hubs. His in-depth knowledge and hands-on experience on all aspects of online business (B2B & B2C), marketing, technology and finance will play a key role at INX Limited.

 

Ms. Maia Naor is our Vice President, Product and has been with the Company since its founding. Ms. Naor has ten years of fin-tech experience working for companies across Europe and Israel. From 2010 until July 2017, Ms. Naor served as Vice President – Product in Anyoption Ltd., a leading European regulated trading group where she oversaw the planning, implementation and launch of several financial services and computer-internet-based and cellular-based trading applications. Ms. Naor also gained experience in building and training teams of data scientists that supported the growth and optimization of the trading products. Ms. Naor is a graduate of the Tel Aviv University School of Economics and the Tel Aviv University School of Mathematical Sciences, with honors.

 

Mr. Jonathan Azeroual is our Vice President, Blockchain Asset Strategy and has been with the Company since its founding. Mr. Azeroual has over 9 years of broad financial experience working for banks, hedge funds, brokerage firms in various analytical, operational or executive positions in Paris’, New York’s, and London’s financial markets. He is the co-founder and, from July 2015 until December 2017, served as Chief Executive Officer of Bsave Ltd., a UK company which operates a Bitcoin savings platform. He also currently works for Redwood Digital Fund as a member of their Trading & Investment Services team. From June 2016 to February 2017, he was a member of the Trading & Investment Services group at Hadas Capital. Between October 2014 and October 2015 he was an algorithmic trader for Colley Cooper Capital. Prior to that, starting in 2012 until October 2014, he served as an institutional sales trader for Sunrise Brokers. He graduated with honors and holds a postgraduate degree in Financial and Statistical Engineering from Paris-Dauphine University and holds ESCP Europe Advanced Master in Finance.

 

Mr. Alan Silbert is a director of the Company and our Chief Executive Officer of North America. He joined the Company in March 2018 as Executive Managing Director. Mr. Silbert is responsible for launching operations in North America, including facilitating the build-out of the director and advisor team, raising capital, growing operations and infrastructure for North American operations and leading the registration processes for broker-dealer and alternative trading system licenses. From December 2015 until March 2018, he was Senior Vice President at Capital One Commercial Banking, serving on the Asset Based Lending and Life Science Finance/Venture Debt teams. Prior to that, he was Vice President – Life Science Finance at GE Capital. From February 2013 until October 2017, he served as founder and Chief Executive Officer of BitPremier LLC, a bitcoin luxury marketplace. Mr. Silbert received his BS in Business Administration with a concentration in Finance from Towson University.

  

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Mr. Douglas Borthwick is our Chief Business Officer. Mr. Borthwick has over 25 years of experience in the finance industry, most recently founding and building the Chapdelaine FX electronic and voice trading business for inter-dealer broker TP-ICAP from 2012 to September 2018. Mr. Borthwick held various roles with Morgan Stanley from 1996 through 2005; managing foreign exchange derivatives trading groups in New York and London, with a strong focus on emerging markets. He then ran the strategic trading desk at Merrill Lynch from 2005 to 2006, and the Latin American FX trading business at Standard Chartered from 2006 to 2009. In 2010, Mr. Borthwick managed trading and research areas for startup foreign exchange agency, Faros Trading, a company that was later sold to FXCM in 2013. Mr. Borthwick holds a bachelors of science in Economics from Carnegie Mellon University and an MBA from Yale University’s School of Management.

 

Mr. Paz Diamant is our Chief Technology Officer. Mr. Diamant has more than 25 years of experience in the banking and financial technology industry. From November 2013 to January 2020, Mr. Diamant held several roles at eToro, a worldwide leading social investment network, where he was most recently Managing Director of R&D and Product. In that role he directed the design, development, and deployment of the company’s cloud-based exchange system, and was responsible for the development of eToro’s complicated hedging algorithms. While at eToro, Mr. Diamant managed R&D teams for several years while implementing cutting-edge, cloud-based technologies successfully. From October 2002 to January 2011, Mr. Diamant was the founder and Chief Executive Officer of ForexManage Ltd., a leading provider of advanced, real-time, risk management and foreign exchange online trading technologies for the banking industry. Through his role at ForexManage, Mr. Diamant had a significant role in the adoption of advanced risk management models in major European banks and brokerage houses. Mr. Diamant holds a BS in Physics from the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, where he graduated cum laude, and a MBA, Finance from Bar-Ilan University.

 

Mr. Emiliano “Jon” Rios is our Chief Compliance Officer and has almost 17 years of leadership and compliance experience across multiple segments of the financial services industry, from traditional banking and wealth management to FinTech startups. From August 2019 through September 2020, Mr. Rios served as Director of Compliance and then Chief Compliance Officer at M1 Finance. His experience also includes from May 2018 through July 2019, acting as Director of Compliance at Anchorage, the premier digital asset custodian for institutions and, from January 2017 to May 2018, Compliance Manager at Wealthfront, the top robo-advisor and financial planning service. He previously held investment compliance and supervision roles at Charles Schwab, BMO Harris, and Ziegler. As a member of the executive team, Rios will lead compliance efforts throughout the organization, including establishing policies and procedures, supervision structures, operations and controls, regulatory relationships, and risk management. 

 

Ms. Catherine Yoon is our North American General Counsel. Ms. Yoon is responsible for leading all legal, regulatory and government affairs efforts. From January 2021 to April 2021, she was interim General Counsel to Signum Growth Capital LLC, a financial advisory firm providing M&A services and private placements for emerging FinTech, media and blockchain companies, as well as the founder and principal of CJY Advisors LLC. From May 2019 to December 2020, she was special counsel and the co-head of the FinTech and blockchain practice group at the law firm of Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP. From October 2017 to April 2019, she was general counsel of Genesis Block LLC, a blockchain advisory firm, and its affiliated broker-dealer, GB Capital Markets Inc. From November 2010 to October 2017, she was Managing Director and Senior Counsel at The Bank of New York Mellon. Prior to that, she was an associate at the law firm of Schulte Roth & Zabel LLP. Ms. Yoon is a member of several blockchain industry groups and is on the steering committee for Global Blockchain Convergence, a blockchain policy think tank. Ms. Yoon received her BA from Swarthmore College and her JD from New York Law School.

 

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Board Composition; Powers, Duties and Responsibilities

 

The following table sets forth certain information relating to our directors, including their ages as of the date of this prospectus. Unless otherwise stated, the address for our directors is at the Company’s registered office currently located at Unit 1.02, 1st Floor, 6 Bayside Road, Gibraltar, GX11 1AA. See “Item 6.C Board Practices – Election of Directors; Independent Board Members.” regarding the independence standards that we apply to our directors.

 

Name   Age   Position   Director Since*
James Crossley   73   Director   January 2018
David Weild   64   Independent Director   April 2018
Alan Silbert   48   Director, Chief Executive Officer of North America   March 2018
Nicholas Thadaney   52   Independent Director   July 2018
Haim Ashar   52   Independent Director   October 2018
Thomas Lewis   68   Independent Director   October 2018
Rafael Rafaeli   52   Director   October 2018

 

* Under Gibraltar law, directors are appointed indefinitely unless their appointment specifies a defined period. Our directors were not appointed with specified defined period of term.

 

Mr. James Crossley is a director of the Company and heads the Company’s European business and corporate development efforts. From October 2015 to December 2018, James was a Director of the Flo Live group, a provider of global cloud-based Internet-of-Things ecosystems. From March 2016 to May 2017, he acted as Director and CFO of Flocash Limited, a technology based international money transfer gateway. From February 2013 to December 2016 he worked with Extech, Ascarii and Intalec, marketing ERP Solutions including SAP Business One Cloud and Infor. Prior to February 2013, he had been Director of Corporate Development for Titan GS Europe, a global SAP Partner, having previously sold his own successful SAP Partnership to Titan in February 2009. Before moving into technology James, spent 25 years at C Level in the advertising industry including CFO, CEO and Group CFO roles for regional and global ad agencies.

 

Mr. David Weild is an independent director of the Company. Mr. Weild is founder, chairman and CEO of Weild & Co., Inc., parent company of the investment banking firm Weild Capital, LLC. Prior to Weild & Co., Mr. Weild was vice chairman of NASDAQ, president of PrudentialFinancial.com and head of corporate finance and equity capital markets at Prudential Securities, Inc. Mr. Weild holds an M.B.A. from the Stern School of Business and a B.A. from Wesleyan University. Mr. Weild is currently on the boards of BioSig Technologies, Inc. and PAVmed Inc. From September 2010 to June 2011, Mr. Weild served on the board of Helium.com, until it was acquired by R.R. Donnelly & Sons Co. Since 2003, Mr. Weild was a director and then chairman of the board of the 9-11 charity Tuesday’s Children. He became chairman emeritus in October 2016 and still serves on the board. Mr. Weild brings extensive financial, economic, stock exchange, capital markets, and small company expertise to the Company gained throughout his career on Wall Street. He is a recognized expert in capital markets and has spoken at the White House, Congress, the SEC, OECD and the G-20 on how market structure can be bettered to improve capital formation and economic growth. 

 

Mr. Nicholas (Nick) Thadaney is an independent director of the Company. Mr. Thadaney was President and Chief Executive Officer, Global Equity Capital Markets, and a member of the senior management team of TMX Group until February 2018. In his roles with TMX Group, Mr. Thadaney was responsible for all equity listing and trading activity across the company’s equities markets and alternative trading systems, including Toronto Stock Exchange, TSX Venture Exchange, Alpha, TMX Select, TSX Private Markets and TSX Trust. Prior to joining TMX Group in September 2015, Mr. Thadaney was Chief Executive Officer of ITG Canada Corp. since 2005, with responsibility for managing all aspects of the business, as well as a Member of ITG’s Global Executive Committee. Previously, he was Director of Sales and Trading of ITG Canada’s Institutional Equities business from 2000 to 2005. Before his tenure at ITG, Mr. Thadaney was Vice-President, Business Development (Equities) at C.T. Securities Inc., which was later acquired by T.D. Securities Inc. in 1999. He has also been a member of several industry associations, boards and registered charities, including: Asset Management Industry Hold’em for Life Charity, Mount Sinai, Co-Chair; Bermuda Stock Exchange; Canadian Council of the Americas; CanDeal; IIROC; Toronto Financial Service Alliance; Investment Industry Association of Canada; Junior Achievement Canada; Young Presidents Association (Ontario Chapter); and the World Federation of Exchanges SME Advisory Board. 

 

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Mr. Haim Ashar is an independent director of the Company. Mr. Ashar is an independent business consultant providing integrated business development for startups and mid-size companies. He represents multiple companies in Europe across several sectors, helping them to build market-driven products and technology. From June 2017 to June 2018, Mr. Ashar served as Interim Manager – Change Management at We call4U UG, Berlin with responsibilities for marketing, brand, public relations and partnerships. From April 2014 to March 2017, Mr. Ashar served as Head of Business Development at Wayra Germany, Telefonica’s startup accelerator, with responsibilities for venture relations, brand development, scouting and outsourcing innovation for corporate business units. From May 2010 to December 2013, Mr. Ashar served as Operational CEO at ecosiv GmbH, a manufacturer of innovative radiant heating applications. Mr. Ashar earned his BSCE from Tel Aviv University in Israel.

 

Mr. Thomas K. Lewis, Jr. is an independent director of the Company. Mr. Lewis is currently the Founder of Noble 4 Advisors, LLC, a company he founded in September 2012 that develops and provides methodologies, technologies and guidance that assist boards, CEOs, investors and senior executives in defining and implementing plans to improve operating performance. Mr. Lewis has served as CEO of four companies, including The Green Exchange, a federally regulated futures and options exchange in New York and London, from September 2009 to July 2012; Automated Power Exchange Inc. (APX), a venture-backed wholesale power markets and renewable energy services provider, from August 2003 to October 2007; Ameritrade, an online retail broker, from February 1999 to August 2000; and Campus Pipeline, an educational software company. Prior to that, Mr. Lewis served in technology leadership positions with American Express, Credit Suisse First Boston, USF&G Insurance and Marriott Corporation. Mr. Lewis has served on the boards of The New York Ledger Exchange, aka LedgerX (from 2014 to 2017), Green Exchange Holdings, LLC (2009 to 2012), Evolution Markets, Inc. (2007 to 2009), Automated Power Exchange Inc. (2003 to 2007) and Neovest Holdings, Inc. (2001 to 2004). Mr. Lewis holds an honorary doctorate, a master’s degree in computer and information science, and a bachelor’s degree, magna cum laude, in business administration from the University of New Haven in Connecticut, where he was honored as a distinguished alumnus. He served as chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Henry Lee Institute of Forensic Science, and served for twelve years as a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of New Haven. He has also served as a member of the Advisory Board of the Johns Hopkins Carey Business School at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Lewis served as Executive in Residence and Assistant Professor at Johns Hopkins University, Carey Business School. Mr. Lewis also served as the head of technology for the Executive Office of the President of the United States during the Ronald Reagan Administration.

 

Mr. Rafael Rafaeli is a director of the Company. Mr. Rafaeli is Partner and CEO of the Rafaeli Group, an international companies group engaging in large scale real estate projects in the Far East, Europe and Israel. From 2002 to 2008, Mr. Rafaeli acted as the CEO of Maxbet International, an international gaming cooperation founded by Mr. Rafaeli. 

 

Mr. Rafaeli is the son of Mr. Yitshak Rafaeli, a shareholder of the Company who holds more than 12% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company. Mr. Rafaeli was appointed as a director of the Company upon the nomination of Mr. Yitshak Rafaeli, pursuant to the terms of our Articles of Association. See “Item 6.C Board Practices – Election of Directors; Independent Board Members.”

 

Family Relationships

 

There are no family relationships between any of the directors or members of senior management named above.

   

We are not aware of any arrangements or understandings with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others, pursuant to which any person referred to above was selected as a director or member of senior management.

 

B. Compensation.

 

Our senior management and our directors received $39,350,000, $1,062,000 and $716,000 in compensation for years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

 

For additional information, see “Item 7.B Related Party Transactions Relationships and Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers.”

 

On December 29, 2017, the Company’s board of directors approved a resolution to reserve 417,000 ordinary shares of the Company for the purpose of a Share Ownership and Award Plan and future grants to employees and consultants as the board of directors may approve from time to time. On February 22, 2021, the Company’s board of directors adopted the INX Limited Share Ownership and Award Plan (2021) (the “Share Ownership and Award Plan” or the “Plan”) and, on March 18, 2021, the Company’s shareholders approved the Plan. The Plan provides for the grant of options to purchase Ordinary Shares and restricted shares to such employees, directors and consultants engaged by the Company or any of its affiliates. The Plan further provides for the grant of options and restricted shares to service providers who are not Gibraltar citizens, and includes U.S. and Israeli appendices that further specify the terms and conditions of grants of options and restricted shares to such foreign grantees. The Plan authorized the issuance of up to 1,288,882 Ordinary Shares pursuant to share awards under the Plan.

 

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C.Board Practices

 

Election of Directors; Independent Board Members 

 

Under the Companies Act, a Gibraltar private company must have at least one director. Appointments of directors are performed by means of a vote at the general meeting of shareholders, or by a resolution of the board if permitted by the memorandum or articles so provide. Our Articles of Association provide that, any person who is willing to act as a director, and is permitted by law to do so, may be appointed to be a director (a) by ordinary resolution of the shareholders (members) (within the meaning given in section 200 of the Companies Act), or (b) by a decision of our Board of Directors. 

 

Our Articles of Association also provide that, prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, six (6) of the Company’s directors shall be nominated (and may be removed) by each holder of fifteen percent (15%) of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company; and one director shall be a market expert to be nominated (and may be removed) by Shy Datika. This right lapsed upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. 

 

Our Articles of Association also provide that, upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, the Company shall maintain a Board consisting of a majority of independent directors, as defined by the NASAA Statements of Policy and the UK Corporate Governance Code. We currently have seven (7) directors, four of whom are independent as such term is defined by the North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA) Statement of Policy Regarding Corporate Securities Definitions and the UK Corporate Governance Code. There is no definition under Gibraltar law to the term “Independent Director”.

 

Further, our Articles of Association state that, in addition to any obligation, duty or consideration imposed on them by law, independent directors shall be required to consider the interests of token holders in determining whether to approve or disapprove of the following events:

 

(1) a transaction with an Affiliate (as such term is defined in the Articles);

 

(2) a Deemed Liquidation (as such term is defined in the Articles); and

 

(3) an Insolvency (as such term is defined in the Articles).

 

See also – “Description of Our Memorandum and Articles of Association” below.

 

In connection with all future material affiliated transactions and loans, we will (i) make and enter into such transactions and loans on terms no less favorable to us than those that can be obtained from unaffiliated third parties; (ii) obtain approval from a majority of our independent directors of all future material transactions and loans, including any forgiveness of loans; and (iii) to the extent required by law, obtain shareholder approval for any such transaction. Our officers and directors have considered their due diligence and assure that there is a reasonable basis for these representations. Further, we have considered and decided to embody certain of these representations in our Articles of Association. Our Articles of Association include a provision that any material transaction between the Company and an affiliate of the Company must be approved by a majority (and at least two) of our independent directors who do not have an interest in the transaction.

 

Our Articles of Association provide that if the numbers of director votes for and against a proposal are equal, the chairman of the meeting has a casting vote.

 

Qualification of Directors

The shareholding qualification for directors may be fixed by the Company in general meeting, and unless and until so fixed no qualification shall be required.

 

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Authority Granted to Directors

 

Subject to the Articles, the directors are responsible for the management of the company’s business, for which purpose they may exercise all the powers of the company. Subject to the Articles, the directors may delegate any of the powers which are conferred on them under the Articles: (i) to such person or committee; (ii) by such means (including by power of attorney) to such an extent; (iii) in relation to such matters or territories; and (iv) on such terms and conditions; as they think fit. Committees to which the directors delegate any of their powers must follow procedures which are based (as far as they are applicable) on those provisions of the articles which govern the taking of decisions by directors. The directors may make rules of procedure for all or any committees, which prevail over rules derived from the articles if they are not consistent with them.

 

Directors’ Remuneration

 

Directors may undertake any services for the Company as determined by the Board of Directors. Directors are entitled to such remuneration as determined by the Board of Directors: (a) for their services to the Company as directors, and (b) for any other services undertaken for the company. Subject to the Company’s articles of association, a director’s remuneration may take any form, and include any arrangements in connection with the payment of a pension, allowance or gratuity, or any death, sickness or disability benefits, to or in respect of that director. Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, their remuneration accrues from day to day and directors are not accountable to the Company for any remuneration that they receive as directors or as officers or employees of the Company’s subsidiaries or of any other body corporate in which the Company is interested. The company may pay any reasonable expenses which the directors properly incur in connection with their attendance at: (a) meetings of directors or committees of directors, (b) general meetings, or (c) separate meetings of the holders of any class of shares or of debentures of the company, or otherwise in connection with the exercise of their powers and the discharge of their responsibilities in relation to the Company.  

 

Corporate Governance

 

Under Gibraltar law, the Company is governed in accordance with its memorandum and articles of association, the provisions of the Companies Act and other Gibraltar statutory and common law principles. The Board is committed to the principles of corporate governance which it considers to be central to the effective management of the business and to maintaining the confidence of investors.

 

See the section captioned “Description of Memorandum and Articles of Association” for summaries of certain corporate governance provisions and rights of shareholders of the Company.

 

Differences between the Gibraltar Companies Act and laws impacting Delaware companies

 

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as related rules subsequently implemented by the SEC, requires foreign private issuers, such as us, to comply with various corporate governance practices. Under those rules, we may elect to follow certain corporate governance practices permitted under the Companies Act, in lieu of compliance with corresponding corporate governance requirements otherwise imposed by the SEC regulations for U.S. domestic issuers.

 

The Companies Act and the laws of Gibraltar affecting Gibraltar companies like us and our shareholders differ from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the laws of Gibraltar applicable to us and, for illustrative purposes only, the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), which governs companies incorporated in the state of Delaware. The summary is not intended to be a complete discussion nor a comprehensive all included description of the respective rights and it is qualified in its entirety by reference to Delaware law and the Companies Act, and as may be relevant, to our Memorandum and our Articles of Association.

 

Number of Directors. Under the Companies Act, every Gibraltar private limited company shall have at least one director and the number shall be fixed in the company’s memorandum and articles of association. Under Delaware law, a corporation must have at least one director and the number of directors shall be fixed by or in the manner provided in the bylaws.

 

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Removal of Directors. Under the Gibraltar law, directors may be removed from office, with or without cause, in accordance with the provisions of their memorandum and articles of association. Gibraltar law allows shareholders with sufficient majority to exercise a vote to remove directors. In addition, under our Articles of Association, a person ceases to be a director as soon as: (a) that person ceases to be a director by virtue of any provision of the Companies Act or the Gibraltar Insolvency Act 2011 or is prohibited from being a director by law; (b) a bankruptcy order is made against that person; (c) a composition is made with that person’s creditors generally in satisfaction of that person’s debts; (d) a registered medical practitioner who is treating that person gives a written opinion to the company stating that that person has become physically or mentally incapable of acting as a director and may remain so for more than three months; (e) notification is received by the company from the director that the director is resigning from office, and such resignation has taken effect in accordance with its terms. Under Delaware law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, directors may be removed from office, with or without cause, by a majority stockholder vote, though in the case of a corporation whose board is classified, stockholders may effect such removal only for cause.

 

Vacancies on the Board of Directors. Under the Companies Act, appointments of directors (other than nomination of directors via the general meeting of shareholders) may also be made by a resolution of the board if allowed by the articles of association of the Gibraltar company. Our Articles of Association provide that, any person who is willing to act as a director, and is permitted by law to do so, may be appointed to be a director (a) by ordinary resolution of the shareholders (members) of the Gibraltar company (within the meaning given in section 200 of the Companies Act), or (b) by a decision of our Board of Directors. Under Delaware law, vacancies on a corporation’s board of directors, including those caused by an increase in the number of directors, may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors.

 

Shareholder/Stockholder Meetings. Under the Companies Act, annual general meetings of shareholders and extraordinary general meetings of shareholders (within the meaning given in sections 193 and 195 of the Companies Act) shall be held at such place, on such date and at such time as may be designated from time to time by the board of directors or as provided in the articles of association of the Gibraltar company, and extraordinary general meetings of the shareholders may be called by the board of directors or by such person or persons as may be authorized under the Companies Act or by the articles of association. With respect to notices of general meetings, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act relating to special resolutions, seven days’ notice at the least (exclusive of the day on which the notice is served or deemed to be served, but inclusive of the day for which notice is given) specifying the place, the day and the hour of meeting and, in case of special business, the general nature of that business shall be given in manner hereinafter mentioned, or in such other manner (if any) as may be prescribed by the company in general meeting, to such persons as are, under the articles of association of the company, entitled to receive such notices from the company; but with the consent of all the members entitled to receive notice of some particular meeting, that meeting may be convened by such shorter notice and in such manner as those members may think fit. Meetings to resolve matters requiring a special resolution necessitate a 21 day notice period.

 

A Gibraltar company can decide its own way of communicating with its shareholders, including publication of notice of meetings on a website of a company (in accordance with the provision of the Companies Act). Ordinary resolutions (within the meaning given in section 200 of the Companies Act) at the general meetings are passed by a simple majority. Extraordinary and special resolutions (within the meaning given in section 201 of the Companies Act) are passed by seventy-five percent (75%) majority. Under Delaware law, (i) the annual meeting of stockholders shall be held at such place, on such date and at such time as may be designated from time to time by the board of directors or as provided in the certificate of incorporation or by the bylaw, and (ii) special meetings of the stockholders may be called by the board of directors or by such person or persons as may be authorized by the certificate of incorporation or by the bylaws.

 

Shareholder action by written consent. Under the Companies Act, it is not necessary in the case of a Gibraltar private company to hold a general meeting in order to pass an ordinary, an extraordinary, or a special resolution. Subject to provisions in the articles of the company, such resolutions may be passed in writing by unanimous approval. Our Memorandum and Articles of Association currently provide such provisions. Under the DGCL, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation.

 

Preemptive Rights. Under Gibraltar law, rights of pre-emption can be worked into the articles of association of the company. However, in the absence of such explicit rights, shareholders are not automatically entitled to benefit from preemptive rights. Our Articles do, however, have specific provisions creating rights of pre-emption. Under Delaware law, unless otherwise provided in a corporation’s certificate of incorporation, a stockholder does not, by operation of law, possess preemptive rights to subscribe to additional issuances of the corporation’s stock.

 

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Liability of Directors and Officers.

 

Pursuant to s. 224 of the Companies Act, in a limited company the liability of the directors or managers, or of the managing director, if so provided by the memorandum, may be unlimited, while s.225 of the Companies Act states that a limited company, if so authorized by its articles, may by special resolution, alter its memorandum so as to render unlimited the liability of its directors or managers, or of any managing director. Upon the passing of any such special resolution the provisions of the special resolution shall be as valid as if they had been original contained in the memorandum. However, s. 231 (1) states that subject to its provisions, any provision, whether contained in the articles of a company or in any contract with a company or otherwise, for exempting any director, manager or officer of the company from, or indemnifying him against, any liability which by virtue of any rule of law would otherwise attach to him in respect of any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust of which he may be guilty in relation to the company, shall be void. S. 231 (2) further states that nothing shall preclude:

 

  Any person, not being the company, indemnifying any director, manager or officer of the company against any such liability as referred to in subsection (1);
     
  A company from purchasing and maintaining for any director manager or officer of the company, or any person (whether an officer of the company or not) employed by the company as auditor, insurance against any such liability referred to in subsection (1);

 

A company from indemnifying any director, manager or officer of the company against any such liability incurred by him in defending any proceedings, whether civil or criminal, in which judgment is given in his favor or in which he is acquitted or in connection with any application under s. 477 in which relief is granted to him by the court.

 

Under Delaware law, a corporation’s certificate of incorporation may include a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation and its stockholders for damages arising from a breach of fiduciary duty as a director. However, no provision can limit the liability of a director for:

 

  any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders;
     
  acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
     
  intentional or negligent payment of unlawful dividends or stock purchases or redemptions; or
     
  any transaction from which the director derives an improper personal benefit.

 

Standard of Conduct for Directors. Under Gibraltar law, directors are subject to various common law duties. Director’s duties are not codified in Gibraltar and are not set in statute but derive from common law principles and case law. These significant duties and responsibilities include the following:

 

  to act in good faith and in the best interest of the company;
     
  to not allow their interests to conflict with those of the company; and
     
  to act with due care and skill.

 

Delaware law does not contain specific provisions setting forth the standard of conduct of a director. The scope of the fiduciary duties of directors is generally determined by the courts of the State of Delaware. In general, directors have a duty to act without self-interest, on a well-informed basis and in a manner they reasonably believe to be in the best interest of the stockholders.

 

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Voting Rights. Under Gibraltar law, the basic presumption is that each shareholder is entitled to one vote for each share held. However, the rights and entitlements attaching to shares of a Gibraltar company are set out in a company’s memorandum and articles of association which can be modified to denote the rights and entitlements attaching to each type of share in the company. Certain shares may be granted additional voting rights while others may only be entitled to financial remuneration and not voting rights. Delaware law provides that, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, each stockholder of capital stock is entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held by such stockholder, and blockchain assets are not considered capital stock unless expressly identified in the certificate of incorporation of the company.

 

Distribution of periodic reports to shareholders; proxy solicitation. Under the Companies Act, each company decides its own way of communicating with its shareholders, however shareholders have a right to request certain information from the company.

 

Quorum. Under the Companies Act, a company is entitled to determine in its memorandum of association and in its articles of association, the number of shareholders and percentage of holdings required for a quorum at a shareholders meeting. Our Articles and our memorandum of association, or the Memorandum, provides that two members present in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum unless there shall at any time be one member in which event such member alone shall have the authority to transact the business of a general meeting.  An ordinary resolution of the members (or of a class of members) can be passed by members representing a simple majority (i.e. more than 50%) of the total voting rights of the members or, as the case may be, of the class of members. An extraordinary or special resolution of the members requires a majority of not less than 75% of those members at a general meeting of which notice specifying the terms of the resolution and the intention to propose the resolution as such a resolution has been given.

 

Nomination of our directors. Our directors are elected by an annual meeting of our shareholders to hold office until the next annual meeting following one year from his or her election. The nominations of directors, which are presented to our shareholders by our Board, are generally made by the Board itself, in accordance with the provisions of our Articles of Association and the Companies Act. Nominations need not be made by a nominating committee of our Board consisting solely of independent directors.

 

Compensation of officers. Under the Companies Act and our Memorandum and Articles of Association, compensation of our officers requires approval by, our Board and, at times, our shareholders. The Board will seek recommendations and approval from the Audit Committee.

 

Independent directors. A majority of the directors serving on our Board are to be “independent”, and in any case, we will at all times maintain a Board with at least two directors who are independent. We define independence using both the North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA) Statement of Policy Regarding Corporate Securities Definitions and the UK Corporate Governance Code.

 

Gibraltar law does not require, nor do our independent directors conduct, regularly scheduled meetings at which only they are present.

 

Shareholder approval. We will seek shareholder approval for all corporate actions requiring such approval under the requirements of the Companies Act. The Companies Act sets our various matters requiring shareholder approval. Notable examples of this include any amendments to the company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association, any increase or reclassification of share capital and the issuance of dividends.

 

In particular, shareholder approval shall be generally required for: (i) an acquisition of shares/assets of another company that involves the issuance of 20% or more of the acquirer’s shares or voting rights or if a director, officer or 5% shareholder has greater than a 5% interest in the target company or the consideration to be received; (ii) the issuance of shares leading to a change of control; (iii) adoption/amendment of equity compensation arrangements; and (iv) issuances of 20% or more of the shares or voting rights (including securities convertible into, or exercisable for, equity) of a listed company via a private placement (and/or via sales by directors/officers/5% shareholders) if such equity is issued (or sold) at below the greater of the book or market value of shares.

 

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Generally, under Delaware law, unless the certificate of incorporation provides for the vote of a larger portion of the stock, completion of a merger, consolidation, sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of a corporation’s assets or dissolution requires:

 

  the approval of the board of directors; and

 

  approval by the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock or, if the certificate of incorporation provides for more or less than one vote per share, a majority of the votes of the outstanding stock of a corporation entitled to vote on the matter.

 

Mergers and similar arrangements. Under the Gibraltar law, there are various mechanisms to give effect to a merger or takeover. However, the most common way is pursuant to the provisions of the Companies Act by way of scheme of arrangement. The procedure for a scheme of arrangement is set out at Part VIII of the Companies Act.

 

In very general terms, a scheme of arrangement is a compromise or arrangement between a company and its members. Under a scheme to effect a merger, the shares in one Gibraltar company (target) would be exchanged by its shareholders for consideration shares and/or cash by another Gibraltar company.

 

A brief overview of the process is as follows:

 

  Court order for holding meeting: an application may be made by a company or any member (or creditors) of such company to summon a meeting of members;

 

  Statement to be circulated: Where a meeting is summoned, the notice of such meeting which is sent to members must include a statement explaining the proposed arrangement and disclosing any material interests of the directors of the company, whether as directors or as members or as creditors of the company or otherwise;

 

  Approval of members of merging companies: The scheme is conditional on, amongst other things, the approval by shareholders; the statutory majority required to approve the scheme at the meeting is a 75% majority of those shareholders who are present and vote in person or who vote by proxy or at any adjournment thereof;

 

  Petition to the Court: Upon approval of a majority of shareholders, an application must then be made to Court by way of petition seeking the Court’s sanction of the scheme. As part of this application, the Court will need to be satisfied that the requisite approval of the shareholders has been duly sought and obtained in accordance with the necessary legal processes. If the Court is satisfied in this regard, it may then, either by order sanctioning the arrangement or by imposing certain conditions for the implementation of the scheme or by any subsequent order, make provision for the amalgamation of the relevant companies.

 

  Delivery of the Order to the Registrar: When issued by the Court, the order sanctioning the scheme will need to be delivered to with the Register of Companies for registration and, it is upon such delivery and registration that the scheme will become effective; a copy of such order must be delivered to the Registrar within 7 days after its making. The entire process can take between 4 and 8 months.

 

Under Delaware law each corporation’s board of directors must approve a merger agreement. The merger agreement must state, among other terms, the terms of the merger and method of carrying out the merger. This agreement must then be approved by the majority vote of the outstanding stock entitled to vote at an annual or special meeting of each corporation, and no class vote is required unless provided in the certificate of incorporation. Delaware permits an agreement of merger to contain a provision allowing the agreement to be terminated by the board of directors of either corporation, notwithstanding approval of the agreement by the stockholders of all or any of the corporations (1) at any time prior to the filing of the agreement with the Secretary of State or (2) after filing if the agreement contains a post-filing effective time and an appropriate filing is made with the Secretary of State to terminate the agreement before the effective time. In lieu of filing an agreement of merger, the surviving corporation may file a certificate of merger, executed in accordance with Section 103 of the DGCL. The surviving corporation is also permitted to amend and restate its certification of incorporation in its entirety. The agreement of merger may also provide that it may be amended by the board of directors of either corporation prior to the time that the agreement filed with the Secretary of State becomes effective, even after approval by stockholders, so long as any amendment made after such approval does not adversely affect the rights of the stockholders of either corporation and does not change any term in the certificate of incorporation of the surviving corporation. If the agreement is amended after filing but before becoming effective, an appropriate amendment must be filed with the Secretary of State. If the surviving corporation is not a Delaware corporation, it must consent to service of process for enforcement of any obligation of the corporation arising as a result of the merger; such obligations include any suit by a stockholder of the disappearing Delaware corporation to enforce appraisal rights under Delaware law.

 

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If a proposed merger or consolidation for which appraisal rights are provided is to be submitted for approval at a shareholder meeting, the subject company must give notice of the availability of appraisal rights to its shareholders at least 20 days prior to the meeting.

 

A dissenting shareholder who desires to exercise appraisal rights must (a) not vote in favor of the merger or consolidation; and (b) continuously hold the shares of record from the date of making the demand through the effective date of the applicable merger or consolidation. Further, the dissenting shareholder must deliver a written demand for appraisal to the company before the vote is taken. The Delaware Court of Chancery will determine the fair value of the shares exclusive of any element of value arising from the accomplishment or expectation of the merger, together with interest, if any, to be paid upon the amount determined to be the fair value. In determining such fair value, the court will take into account “all relevant factors.” Unless the Delaware Court of Chancery in its discretion determines otherwise, interest from the effective date of the merger through the date of payment of the judgment will be compounded annually and accrue at 5% over the Federal Reserve discount rate.

 

Approval of Related Party Transactions. All related party transactions must be disclosed to the Company for approval.

 

Transactions with interested shareholders. Delaware law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting shares within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware public corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.

 

The Companies Act has no direct comparison, but it is worth noting that certain common law provisions relating, for example, to conflicts of interest and similar considerations, may depending on the facts, apply under Gibraltar law.

 

Committees of the Board of Directors

 

Gibraltar companies are not required to establish any sub committees of the Board. Nevertheless, they have the power to create such subcommittees and delegate responsibilities and oversight accordingly. Committees to which the directors delegate any of their powers must follow procedures which are based as far as they are applicable on those provisions of the articles which govern the taking of decisions by directors. The directors may make rules of procedure for all or any committees, which prevail over rules derived from the articles if they are not consistent with them.

 

Our Board intends to establish two committees: (1) an audit committee, and (2) a compensation committee. The members of the audit committee and the members of the compensation committee shall be appointed by the Board.

 

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Audit Committee

 

Our Board has adopted terms of reference for an audit committee, as customary for public companies, and established the committee upon the closing of the offering. The audit committee is currently and will be comprised of three members of the Board. The audit committee has primary responsibility for monitoring the quality of internal controls and ensuring that the financial performance of the Company is properly measured and reported on. It will receive and review reports from our management and auditors relating to the interim and annual accounts and the accounting and internal control systems in use throughout the Company. The audit committee will meet not less than once in each financial year and at such other times as circumstances require.

 

Our Board of Directors has adopted an audit committee charter, which sets forth the responsibilities of the audit committee consistent with SEC rules and regulations governing audit committee members, including the following:

 

  considering and making recommendations to our Board on our financial statements, reviewing and discussing the financial statements and presenting its recommendations with respect to the financial statements to the Board prior to the approval of the financial statements by our Board;
     
  oversight of our independent registered public accounting firm and recommending the engagement, compensation or termination of engagement of our independent registered public accounting firm to the Board in accordance with Gibraltar law;

 

  recommending the engagement or termination of the person filling the office of our internal auditor, reviewing the services provided by our internal auditor and reviewing effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting;

 

  recommending the terms of audit and non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm for pre-approval by our Board; and

 

  reviewing and monitoring, if applicable, legal matters with significant impact, finding of regulatory authorities’ findings, receive reports regarding irregularities and legal compliance, acting according to “whistleblower policy” and recommend to our Board if so required, and oversee our policies and procedures regarding compliance to applicable financial and accounting related standards, rules and regulations.

 

Although not required under Gibraltar law, the members of our audit committee will each be independent in accordance with the independence standard that is applied to non-investment company issuers under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act. All members of our audit committee will be financially literate.

 

Remuneration (Compensation) Committee

 

Although not required under Gibraltar law, our Board has also adopted terms of reference for a compensation committee and SEC rules and regulations, and established the committee upon the closing of the offering. The members of our compensation committee will each be independent in accordance with the independence standard under Rule 10C-1 of the Exchange Act. The compensation committee will review the performance of management and make recommendations to our Board on matters relating to their remuneration and terms of employment.

 

Nominating Committee

 

It is not required under Gibraltar law to establish a nomination committee for a Gibraltar company. We do not have a nominating committee, as our Board does not consider it appropriate to establish such a committee at this stage of the development of our business.

 

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Role of Board of Directors in Risk Oversight Process

 

Risk assessment and oversight are an integral part of our governance and management processes and business strategy. Our Board encourages management to promote a culture that incorporates risk management into our corporate strategy and day-to-day business operations, to discusses strategic and operational risks at regular management meetings, and to conduct specific strategic planning and review sessions during the year that include a focused discussion and analysis of the risks facing us. Throughout the year, senior management will review these risks with the Board at regular board meetings as part of management presentations that focus on particular business functions, operations or strategies, and present the steps taken by management to mitigate or eliminate such risks.

 

Appointment of Secretary

 

Subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, the secretary shall be appointed by the directors for such term, at such remuneration and upon such conditions as they may think fit; and any secretary so appointed may be removed by them.

 

Family Relationships

 

There are no family relationships between any members of our executive management and our directors.

 

Approval of Related Party Transactions

 

General

 

Under Gibraltar law, related party transactions need to be disclosed to the board as such before the transaction. Details on the transaction will appear as related party transactions in the notes of the accounts of the Company.

 

Under the Companies Act, we may approve an action by an office holder from which the office holder would otherwise have to refrain, as described above, if:

 

  the office holder acts in good faith and the act or its approval does not cause harm to the company; and
     
  the office holder disclosed the nature of his or her interest in the transaction (including any significant fact or document) to the company at a reasonable time before the company’s approval of such matter.

 

Duty to Disclose Personal Interests

 

As set out above, under Gibraltar law directors of the company have various common law and fiduciary duties to the company. These duties are not codified in the Companies Act but are wide ranging and include a duty to not to allow their interests to conflict with those of the company. They are therefore required to promptly disclose any direct or indirect personal interest that he or she may have and all related material information known to him or her relating to any existing or proposed transaction by the company.

 

All arrangements as to compensation and indemnification or insurance of office holders require approval of the compensation committee and Board of Directors, and compensation of office holders who are directors must be also approved, subject to certain exceptions, by the shareholders, in that order. If shareholders of a company do not approve the compensation terms of office holders, other than directors, the compensation committee and Board of Directors may override the shareholders’ decision, subject to certain conditions.

 

Exculpation and Indemnification of Directors and Officers Indemnities

 

The general common law position that a company can indemnify its directors has been circumscribed in Gibraltar by statutory enactment. Section 231 of the Companies Act imposes certain limits on the extent and scope of indemnification relieving directors of indemnification under Gibraltar law. Section 231(1) prohibits indemnification for liability arising from their own negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust. A provision in the articles of a company or a specific contract seeking to provide such indemnification is void. However, it follows that apart from such restrictions, directors can in certain circumstances be indemnified (i.e. for matters not expressly prohibited).

 

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Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is therefore unenforceable.

 

Insurance

 

Under our Articles, the directors may decide to purchase and maintain insurance, at the expense of the company, for the benefit of any relevant director in respect of any relevant loss. In this paragraph: (a) a “relevant director” means any director or former director of the company or an associated company, (b) a “relevant loss” means any loss or liability which has been or may be incurred by a relevant director in connection with that director’s duties or powers in relation to the company, any associated company or any pension fund or employees’ share scheme of the company or associated company, and (c) companies are associated if one is a subsidiary of the other or both are subsidiaries of the same body corporate.

 

D.Employees.

 

Each of the individuals who provide services to us does so through a management, services, consulting or similar agreement.

  

Company(1)  Location  Management   Financing   Development   Administration and Other Positions   Total 
                        
INX Limited (Gib.)  Israel, UK & Gib.   3(2)   1    -    10(3)   14 
                             
INX Services, Inc. (US)  United States   -    -    -    -    - 
                             
INX Digital, Inc. (US)  United States   4    -    -    2    6 
                             
Midgard Technologies Ltd. (Israel)  United States   1    1    18    5    25 
                             
Total      8    2    18    17    45 

 

(1) As a single employee/service provider may be engaged in more than one activity, each employee/service provider is represented only once under the activity representing their primary responsibility.

 

(2) One employee/service provider is located in the United Kingdom.

  

(3) Two employees/service providers are located in Gibraltar.

 

E. Share Ownership.

 

As of March 26, 2021, 16,449,269 of our ordinary shares are outstanding. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These rules generally attribute beneficial ownership of securities to persons who possess sole or shared voting or investment power with respect to those securities, and include shares subject to options and warrants that are exercisable within 60 days from the date of this registration statement. Such shares are also deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of the person holding the option, but not the percentage ownership of any other person. As of March 26, 2021, 18.4% of our outstanding ordinary shares are held of record by U.S. Persons.

 

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Unless otherwise indicated below, to our knowledge, all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to their shares, except to the extent that authority is shared by spouses under community property laws. None of our shareholders has informed us that he, she, or it is affiliated with a registered broker-dealer or is in the business of underwriting securities. None of our shareholders has different voting rights from other shareholders. 

 

   Ordinary
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
  

Percentage of
Ordinary
Shares

Beneficially
Owned

 
         
5% Shareholders        
Yitshak Rafaeli (1)   1,837,886    11.14%
Doron Cohen (2)   1,280,363    7.77%
Adi Wolf (3)   1,218,034    7.15%
Riccardo Spagni (4)   885,057    5.36%
           
Senior Management and Directors (5)          
Shy Datika (6)   3,963,219    23.92%
Oran Mordechai   0    * 
Itai Avneri (7)   0    * 
Maia Naor   333,333    2.02%
Jonathan Azeroual   410,891    2.49%
James Crossley   0    * 
Alan Silbert (8)   220.959    1.33%
Douglas Borthwick (9)   135,680    * 
Paz Diamant (10)   0    * 
Emiliano “Jon” Rios   0    * 
David Weild   0    * 
Nicholas Thadaney   0    * 
Haim Ashar   0    * 
Thomas Lewis   0    * 
Rafael Rafaeli   0    * 
All of the senior management and directors as a group (15 persons)   5,064,082    29.92%

 

*Less than 1%

 

(1) Mr. Rafaeli holds 1,837,886 ordinary shares of the Company. The address of Mr. Rafaeli is 5 Shoham St., Ramat-Gan, Israel.

 

(2) Mr. Cohen holds 1,260,704 ordinary shares of the Company through A-Labs Finance and Advisory Ltd., a private company incorporated under the laws of Israel, of which Mr. Cohen is the controlling shareholder. A-Labs Finance and Advisory Ltd. also holds an option to purchase 19,659 Ordinary Shares for an exercise price of $1.696 per each share.  The address of A-Labs Finance and Advisory Ltd. is 18 Duvdevan Street, Kadima, Israel.

 

(3) Mr. Wolf holds 621,375 Ordinary Shares through Clover Wolf Capital Ltd.  Clover Wolf Capital Ltd. also holds a warrant to purchase 596,659 Ordinary Shares at a price of $2.514 per share. The address for Clover Wolf Capital is 24 Bodenhimer Street, Tel Aviv, Israel.

 

(4) Mr. Spagni holds 885,057 ordinary shares of the Company in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Subscription Agreement dated April 30, 2018. The address of Mr. Spagni is c/o MBE_YSI, v. Badazzole 24, Montichiari, Italy.

 

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(5) The address of Senior Management and Directors is INX Limited’s registered office at Unit 1.02, 1st Floor, 6 Bayside Road, Gibraltar, GX11 1AA.
   
(6) Mr. Datika, one of our founders, our controlling shareholder and President, holds 3,861,113 ordinary shares of the Company and an option to purchase 36,576 Ordinary Shares for an exercise price of $1.953 per each share and 49,147 Ordinary Shares for an exercise price of $1.696 per each share either directly or through Triple-V (1999) Ltd., a private company incorporated under the laws of Israel, of which Mr. Datika is the sole shareholder. In addition, on March 31, 2020, Mr. Datika invested an additional $25,000 in the Company pursuant to a Third SAFE. Under the terms of the Third SAFE, Mr. Datika is entitled to a minimum of 16,383 Ordinary Shares and an option to purchase 16,383 Ordinary Shares at an exercise price per share equal to $1.696. See “Item 7.B Related Party Transactions Relationships and Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers – Mr. Shy Datika – Transactions Involving the Company’s Securitiesfor a summary of the material terms of the Third SAFE.
   
(7)  Mr. Avneri, our Chief Operating Officer, shall receive, upon and subject to the adoption of a Share Ownership and Award Plan by the Company, an option to purchase 269,640 Ordinary Shares of the Company, at a price per share equal to its fair value at the grant date See “Item 7.B Related Party Transactions Relationships and Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers”
   
(8)  Mr. Silbert, a director of the Company and Chief Executive Officer of North America, holds options to purchase 287,290 Ordinary Shares of the Company at an exercise price per share equal to $0.391904, of which options to purchase 215,467 Ordinary Shares have vested or will vest within 60 days of March 26, 2021, and options to purchase 197,710 Ordinary Shares of the Company at an exercise price per share equal to $11.126, of which options to purchase 5,491 Ordinary Shares have vested or will vest within 60 days of March 26, 2021. See “Item 7.B Related Party Transactions Relationships and Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers”  
   
(9)  Mr. Borthwick, Chief Marketing and Business Development Officer of INX Services, holds options to purchase 194,937 Ordinary Shares of the Company at an exercise price per share equal to $1.367, of which options to purchase 129,958 Ordinary Shares have vested or will vest within 60 days of March 26, 2021, and options to purchase 206,000 Ordinary Shares of the Company at an exercise price per share equal to $11.126, of which options to purchase 5,722 Ordinary Shares have vested or will vest within 60 days of March 26, 2021. See “Item 7.B Related Party Transactions Relationships and Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers.”

 

(10) Mr. Diamant, our Chief Technology Officer, shall receive, upon and subject to the adoption of a Share Ownership and Award Plan by the Company, an option to purchase 67,158 Ordinary Shares of the Company, at a price per share equal to its fair value at the grant date. See “Item 7.B Related Party Transactions Relationships and Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers.”

 

In addition, the following table sets forth information with respect to the outstanding beneficial ownership of INX Tokens as of March 26, 2021 by:

 

  each of our executive officers and directors;

 

  each person or entity known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our outstanding shares; and

 

  all of our senior management and directors as a group.

 

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    INX
Tokens
Beneficially
Owned
    Percentage of INX
Tokens
Beneficially
Owned
 
5% Shareholders            
Yitshak Rafaeli     618,556       1.33 %
Doron Cohen (1)     4,550,000       9.78 %
Adi Wolf     6,666,667       14.33 %
Riccardo Spagni     0       *  
                 
Senior Management and Directors                
Shy Datika (2)     9,435,939       20.29 %
Oran Mordechai(3)     25,000       *  
Itai Avneri (4)     180,000       *  
Maia Naor     937,499       2.02 %
Jonathan Azeroual     750,000       1.61 %
James Crossley     265,000       * %
Alan Silbert (5)     505,556       1.08  
Douglas Borthwick (6)     419,306       *  
Paz Diamant (7)     50,000       *  
Emiliano “Jon” Rios (8)     150,000       *  
David Weild (9)     361,500       *  
Nicholas Thadaney (10)     361,500       *  
Haim Ashar (11)     361,500       *  
Thomas Lewis (12)     361,500       *  
Rafael Rafaeli     0       *  
All of the senior management and directors as a group (15 persons)     14,164,300       28.84 %

  

*Less than 1%

 

(1) Mr. Cohen holds 4,550,000 INX Tokens through A-Labs Finance and Advisory Ltd., a private company incorporated under the laws of Israel, of which Mr. Cohen is the controlling shareholder.
   
(2) Mr. Datika, one of our founders, our controlling shareholder and President, holds 9,435,939 INX Tokens through Triple V (1999) Ltd., a private company incorporated under the laws of Israel, of which Mr. Datika is the sole shareholder.

 

(3) Mr. Mordechai, our Chief Financial Officer, holds an option to purchase 25,000 INX Tokens at a price of US$ 0.09 per INX Token.

 

(4) Mr. Avneri, our Chief Operating Officer, holds an option to purchase 180,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.09 per Token and will be entitled to an option to purchase additional 180,000 INX Tokens upon the execution of the Avneri Employment Agreement.

 

(5) Mr. Silbert, a director of the Company and Chief Executive Officer of North America, holds an option to purchase 500,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.01 per Token and an option to purchase 200,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.90 per Token, of which options to purchase 5,556 INX Tokens have vested or will vest within 60 days of March 26, 2021.   
   
(6) Mr. Borthwick holds (i) an option to purchase 363,750 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.065 per INX Token, (ii) an option to purchase 50,000 Tokens at an exercise price is $0.09 per INX Token and (iii) an option to purchase 200,000 Tokens at an exercise price is $0.90 per INX Token, of which options to purchase 50,000 INX Tokens have vested or will vest within 60 days of March 26, 2021.

 

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(7) Mr. Diamant holds options to purchase 50,000 INX Tokens, at the price of $0.08 per Token. Upon entering into the Diamant Employment Agreement, Mr. Diamant shall be entitled to an option to purchase an additional 200,000 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.08 per INX Token.    
   
(8) Mr. Rios, our Chief Compliance Officer, holds an option to purchase 150,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.90 per Token.    
   
(9) Mr. Weild (i) holds an option to purchase 3,500 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.01, (ii) receives an option to purchase 3,500 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.01 per month; and (iii) has an option to purchase 350,000 INX Tokens at the price of $0.01 per Token.
   
(10) Mr. Thadaney (i) holds an option to purchase 3,500 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.01, (ii) receives an option to purchase 3,500 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.01 per month; and (iii) has an option to purchase 350,000 INX Tokens at the price of $0.01 per Token.
   
(11)  Mr. Ashar (i) holds an option to purchase 3,500 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.01, (ii) receives an option to purchase 3,500 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.01 per month; and (iii) has an option to purchase 350,000 INX Tokens at the price of $0.01 per Token.
   
(12)  Mr. Lewis (i) holds an option to purchase 3,500 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.01, (ii) receives an option to purchase 3,500 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.01 per month; and (iii) has an option to purchase 350,000 INX Tokens at the price of $0.01 per Token.

 

Share Ownership and Award Plan

 

On December 29, 2017, the Company’s board of directors approved a resolution to reserve 417,000 ordinary shares of the Company for the purpose of a Share Ownership and Award Plan and future grants to employees and consultants as the board of directors may approve from time to time. On February 22, 2021, the Company’s board of directors adopted the INX Limited Share Ownership and Award Plan (2021) (the “Share Ownership and Award Plan” or the “Plan”) and, on March 18, 2021, the Company’s shareholders approved the Plan. The Plan provides for the grant of options to purchase Ordinary Shares and restricted shares to such employees, directors and consultants engaged by the Company or any of its affiliates. The Plan further provides for the grant of options and restricted shares to service providers who are not Gibraltar citizens, and includes U.S. and Israeli appendices that further specify the terms and conditions of grants of options and restricted shares to such foreign grantees. The Plan authorized the issuance of up to 1,288,882 Ordinary Shares pursuant to share awards under the Plan.

 

ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

A. Major Shareholders.

 

Except as set forth in “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership,” to the best of our knowledge, no other person who we know beneficially owns 5% or more of our ordinary shares outstanding as of March 31, 2021. None of our shareholders has different voting rights from other shareholders. Other than as described herein, to the best of our knowledge, we are not owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by another corporation, by any foreign government or by any natural person or legal persons, severally or jointly, and we are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.

 

Changes in Percentage Ownership by Major Shareholders

 

During the past three years, there have been no significant percentage ownership changes in the ownership of our ordinary shares by any major shareholder.

 

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Record Holders

 

As of March 26, 2021, there were a total of 45 holders of record of our shares, of which approximately 13.6% are located in the United States. 

 

B. Related Party Transactions.

 

 

The following is a description of the material terms of those transactions with related parties to which we are party to date.

 

Relationships and Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers

 

Mr. James Crossley

 

Transactions Involving the Company’s Securities

 

Under a Services Agreement, dated March 8, 2018 between Bentley Limited and the Company (as amended on August 1, 2018, January 7, 2019, and October 1, 2020), Bentley Limited received the option to purchase 10,000 INX Tokens per month at the price of $0.01 per Token, subject to a maximum of 100,000 INX Tokens. Options to purchase INX Tokens granted pursuant to the Bentley Services Agreement were exercised for the maximum amount. On January 7, 2019, the Bentley Services Agreement was amended to include the grant of options to Bentley Limited to purchase additional 7,500 INX Tokens per month at the price of $0.01 per Token. On October 1, 2020, the Bentley Services Agreement was further amended such that Bentley Limited’s entitlement for INX Tokens ended on October 1, 2020. In the aggregate, 265,000 INX Tokens were issued pursuant to the Bentley Option Rights. As of the date hereof, Bentley Limited has exercised all options to purchase INX Tokens under the Bentley Option Rights.

 

Management, Services or Consulting Agreement

 

Bentley Limited has entered into a written services agreement with our Company, pursuant to which Mr. Crossley provides services to the Company as a member of the Board of Directors. See “Item 7.B Related Party Transactions Relationships and Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers

 

Mr. David Weild

 

Transactions Involving the Company’s Securities

 

Under the Weild Engagement Letter, Mr. Weild will receive a monthly issuance of 3,500 INX Tokens per month in consideration for $0.01 per Token, as well as an option to purchase 350,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.01 per Token.

 

Management, Services or Consulting Agreement

 

Mr. Weild has entered into a written services agreement with our Company, pursuant to which Mr. Weild provides services to the Company as a member of the Board of Directors. See “Item 7.B Related Party Transactions Relationships and Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers.

 

Mr. Alan Silbert

 

Transactions Involving the Company’s Securities

 

Under the Silbert Employment Agreement, on February 20, 2021 Mr. Silbert was granted an option to purchase 500,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.01 per Token.

 

Following the adoption of a Share Ownership and Award Plan by the Company, Mr. Silbert was granted with an option to purchase 287,290 Ordinary Shares of the Company constituting 3% of the share capital of the Company on a fully diluted basis at the date of the Original Silbert Employment Agreement, at a price per share equal to its fair value as of the effective date of the Original Silbert Employment Agreement or $$0.391904. 25% of the option shares will vest upon each anniversary of the Original Silbert Employment Agreement, such that the options will be fully vested and exercisable upon the 4th anniversary of the Original Silbert Employment Agreement.

 

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On March 25, 2021 the Silbert Employment Agreement was amended such that, effective as of April 1, 2021, an additional option to purchase 200,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.90 per Token, and an option to purchase 197,710 Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price per share equal to $11.126. One thirty-sixth (1/36) of the Ordinary shares and INX Tokens underlying each option shall vest following lapse of each month of Mr. Silbert’s continuous engagement by the Company, such that all such Ordinary shares and INX Tokens shall become fully vested on April 1, 2024.

 

Management, Services or Consulting Agreement

 

Mr. Silbert has entered into a written employment agreement with INX Digital, pursuant to which he provides services to as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company as the Chief Executive Officer of North America and commencing s of April 1, 2021 will be the Chief Executive Officer of North America. See “Item 7.B Related Party Transactions Relationships and Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers.”

 

Mr. Shy Datika

 

Transactions Involving the Company’s Securities

 

Under a Share Purchase Agreement, dated September 26, 2017, between the Company and Triple-V (1999) Ltd., a company wholly owned by Mr. Shy Datika, one of our founders, our controlling shareholder and President, the Company issued to Triple-V (1999) Ltd. 3,356,666 ordinary shares of the Company, par value of GBP 0.001 (each an “Ordinary Share”), in consideration of $446,875. See “Item 7.A Major Shareholders”.

 

Under the Share Purchase Agreement, the Company also issued to Triple-V 9,435,939 INX Tokens at a price of $0.01 per INX Token.

 

On April 25, 2019, Mr. Datika invested an additional $150,000 in the Company pursuant to a Simple Agreement for Future Equity (the “SAFE”). Pursuant to the terms of the SAFE, upon consummation of an investment round (in shares of capital stock of the Company) in the amount of not less than $2 million (in addition to the funds raised under the SAFEs) (a “Qualifying Financing”), the funds raised under the SAFE would have automatically been converted into the same class of shares of capital stock as those issued in the Qualifying Financing at a price per share equal to the lower of: (i) a 25% discount on the base (undiscounted) price per share of the Qualifying Financing; and (ii) US$ 1.367 (the “Default Price”). A Qualifying Financing was not consummated before April 25, 2020, and thus the funds raised under the SAFE were automatically converted into Ordinary Shares at a price per share equal to the Default Price. Hence, under the terms of the SAFE, on April 25, 2020, Mr. Datika received 109,729 Ordinary Shares.

  

The foregoing description of the SAFE executed between Mr. Datika and the Company summarizes the material terms of the SAFE, but is not a complete description. For more details, you should reference to the full text of the SAFE executed between Mr. Datika and the Company, which is attached as Exhibit 10.29 hereto, and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

On August 30, 2019 and November 29, 2019, Mr. Datika invested in the aggregate an additional $250,000 in the Company pursuant to Simple Agreements for Future Equity (the “Second SAFE”). The Second SAFE will also be automatically converted into the same class of shares of capital stock as those issued in the Qualifying Financing at a price per share equal to the lower of, 25% discount on the base (undiscounted) price per share of the Qualifying Financing, and $1.367 per share. If a Qualifying Financing is not consummated within 12 months commencing as of the Effective Date (as such term is defined in the Second SAFE), the funds will automatically be converted at a price per share of $1.367. Hence, the SAFE will have an anti-dilutive impact on the Qualifying Financing as the number of shares issued pursuant to the SAFE will increase relative to a decrease in the price per share of such Qualifying Financing. Notwithstanding an increased valuation, and thus increased price per share, of a Qualifying Financing, Mr. Datika is entitled to a minimum of 182,882 Ordinary Shares.

 

In addition to the shares issued to the investors upon conversion of the Second SAFE, upon such conversion the Second SAFE investors shall be entitled to an option to purchase additional shares, in the same amount and from the same class of the shares issued to them upon conversion of their investment under the Second SAFE, for an exercise price of $1.953 per share. This option shall be valid for a period of 36 months commencing as of the Effective Date.

 

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A Qualifying Financing was not consummated before August 30, 2020, and thus the funds raised under the Second SAFE were automatically converted into Ordinary Shares at a price per share equal to $1.367. Hence, under the terms of one of the Second SAFEs, on August 30, 2020, Mr. Datika received 146,305 Ordinary Shares and Mr. Datika was entitled to an option to purchase 146,305 Ordinary Shares for an exercise price of $1.953 per share. All of the options were exercised on September 13, 2020.

 

The foregoing description of the Second SAFEs summarizes the material terms of the Second SAFE, but is not a complete description. For more details, you should reference to the full text of the Second SAFE executed between Mr. Datika and the Company and Triple-V (1999) Ltd. and the Company, which are attached as Exhibits 10.31 and 10.32 hereto, and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

On January 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020, Mr. Datika invested in the aggregate an additional $100,000 in the Company pursuant to Simple Agreements for Future Equity (the “Third SAFE”). The Third SAFE will also be automatically converted into the same class of shares of capital stock as those issued in the Qualifying Financing at a price per share equal to the lower of, 25% discount on the base (undiscounted) price per share of the Qualifying Financing, and $1.526 per share. If a Qualifying Financing is not consummated within 12 months commencing as of the Effective Date (as such term is defined in the Third SAFE), the funds will automatically be converted at a price per share of $1.526. Hence, the Third SAFE will have an anti-dilutive impact on the Qualifying Financing as the number of shares issued pursuant to the Third SAFE will increase relative to a decrease in the price per share of such Qualifying Financing. Notwithstanding an increased valuation, and thus increased price per share, of a Qualifying Financing, Mr. Datika is entitled to a minimum of 65,530 Ordinary Shares.

 

In addition to the shares issued to the investors upon conversion of the Third SAFE, the Third SAFE investors shall be entitled to an option to purchase additional identical number of shares, from the same class of the shares issued to them upon conversion of their investment under the Third SAFE, for an exercise price of $1.696 per share. This option shall be valid for a period of 36 months commencing as of the Effective Date.

 

A Qualifying Financing was not consummated before January 31, 2021, and thus the funds raised under the one of the Third SAFEs were automatically converted into Ordinary Shares at a price per share equal to $1.526. Hence, under the terms of Third SAFE, on January 31, 2021 Mr. Datika received and aggregate of 49,147 Ordinary Shares and Mr. Datika will be entitled to an option to purchase 49,147 Ordinary Shares for an exercise price of $1.696 per share.

 

The foregoing description of the Third SAFE summarizes the material terms of the Third SAFE, but is not a complete description. For more details, you should reference to the full text of the Third SAFEs executed between Mr. Datika and the Company, which are attached as Exhibits 10.35 and 10.37 hereto, and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

On March 22, 2021, Mr. Datika entered into the March 2021 Subscription Agreement with the Company, pursuant to which Mr. Datika provided to the Company CAD$ 75,000 in consideration for subscription receipts of the Company that shall be replaced at the closing of the Valdy Transaction by 60,000 Ordinary Shares of Valdy and to an option to purchase 30,000 Ordinary Shares of Valdy at an exercise price of CAD$ 1.88 per share.  

 

Management, Services or Consulting Agreement

 

Triple-V (1999) Ltd. has entered into a written services agreement with our Company, pursuant to which Mr. Datika provides services to the Company as shall be determined by our Board of Directors.

 

Mr. Oran Mordechai

 

Transactions Involving the Company’s Securities

 

On October 1, 2020, Mr. Oran Mordechai was granted an option to purchase 25,000 INX Tokens at a price of US$ 0.09 per INX Token. The tokens issued upon exercise of the option are subject to a lockup period as determined by Company’s Board, to Company's applicable policies and to the terms and conditions determined by the Board and communicated to Mr. Mordechai in a grant document detailing the purchase.

 

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Management, Services or Consulting Agreement

 

Insight Finance Ltd. has entered into a written services agreement with our Company, pursuant to which Mr. Mordechai provides services to the Company as its Chief Financial Officer.

 

Ms. Maia Naor

 

Transactions Involving the Company’s Securities

 

Under a Loan Agreement, dated November 27, 2017, between the Company and Ms. Naor, our VP Product, the Company borrowed $40,635 from Ms. Naor. The term of the loan is five years, and the outstanding balance shall become due and payable on the five-year anniversary of the Naor Loan Agreement or upon the sooner of an IPO or a Deemed Liquidation Event (as such terms are defined in the Company’s Articles of Association). The interest rate on the principal of the loan is an annual rate of 2% compounded annually (subject to adjustment from time to time by the applicable Income Tax Ordinance).

 

Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, Ms. Naor is entitled, at any time and at her sole discretion, to convert outstanding principal and interest amounts of the loan agreement into 333,333 Ordinary Shares.

 

Under the terms of the Loan Agreement, Ms. Naor purchased 937,499 INX Tokens issued by the Company at a price of $0.01 per INX Token. On February 25, 2021, Ms. Naor exercised her right to convert the outstanding principal and interest amounts of the loan agreement into 333,333 Ordinary Shares of the Company.

 

Management, Services or Consulting Agreement

 

The Company has entered into a services agreement with Midgard, an Israeli private company, pursuant to which Ms. Naor shall provide services to the Company as VP Product. Ms. Naor’s services to the Company are rendered solely through Midgard. Prior to that, Ms. Naor provided services to the Company pursuant to a services agreement directly with Ms. Naor and to an agreement between the Company and Shiran Communications Ltd. On April 1, 2021, Midgard was purchased by the Company.

 

Mr. Jonathan Azeroual

 

Transactions Involving the Company’s Securities

 

Under a Share Purchase Agreement, dated September 27, 2017, between the Company and Mr. Jonathan Azeroual, our Vice President, Blockchain Asset Strategy, the Company issued to Mr. Azeroual 377,500 Ordinary Shares in consideration of GBP 377.50. On January 7, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the issuance to Mr. Azeroual of 33,391 Ordinary Shares in consideration of $34,860. See “Item 7.A Major Shareholders”.

 

Under the Share Purchase Agreement the Company also issued 750,000 INX Tokens to Mr. Azeroual at a price of $0.01 per Token.

 

Management, Services or Consulting Agreement

 

Mr. Azeroual has entered into a written services agreement with our Company, pursuant to which he provides services to the Company as its Vice President, Blockchain Asset Strategy.

 

Mr. Douglas Borthwick

 

Transactions Involving the Company’s Securities

 

Under Mr. Borthwick’s Employment Agreement, Mr. Borthwick was granted an option to purchase 103,929 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.065 per INX Token. On February 20, 2021, Mr. Borthwick received a one-time bonus in the amount of $200,000 and an option to purchase additional 259,821 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.065 per INX Token.

 

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Following the adoption of a Share Ownership and Award Plan by the Company, Mr. Borthwick was granted with an option to purchase 194,937 Ordinary Shares of the Company, at a price per share equal to its fair as of the effective date of Mr. Borthwick’s Employment Agreement. 50% of the option shares will vest on the effective date of the Original Borthwick Employment Agreement. Thereafter, on each anniversary of Mr. Borthwick’s employment with INX Digital one-third (1/3) of the remaining unvested portion of the options shall vest, such that, subject to the continuous engagement of Mr. Borthwick with the Company at such time, the options will be fully vested and exercisable upon the third anniversary of the effective date of Mr. Borthwick’s Employment Agreement.

 

On October 1, 2020, Mr. Borthwick’s Employment Agreement was amended such that, Mr. Borthwick’s monthly salary was increased to $15,000. Mr. Borthwick was also granted an option to purchase 50,000 Tokens at an exercise price is $0.09 per INX Token, which option vested on February 20, 2021. Mr. Borthwick was also granted an option to purchase 200,000 Tokens at an exercise price is $0.90 per INX Token, which option vests in accordance with the following vesting schedule: 25% vested on October 1, 2020 and, subject to Mr. Borthwick’ continuous engagement by the Company, an additional 25% vest on the yearly anniversary of such date during each consecutive year thereafter, such that all such 200,000 INX Tokens shall become fully vested on October 1, 2023.

 

On March 25, 2021 Mr. Borthwick’s Employment Agreement was amended such that, commencing as of April 1, 2021, Mr. Borthwick’s title shall change to Company’s Chief Business Officer (CBO) and Mr. Borthwick’s base salary shall increase to $23,000 per month. In addition, Mr. Borthwick was granted, effective as of April 1, 2021, an additional option to purchase 200,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.90 per Token, and with an option to purchase 206,000 Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price per share equal to $11.126. One thirty-sixth (1/36) of the Ordinary shares and INX Tokens underlying each option shall vest following lapse of each month of Mr. Borthwick’s continuous engagement by the Company, such that all such Ordinary shares and INX Tokens shall become fully vested on April 1, 2024. 

 

Management, Services or Consulting Agreement

 

Mr. Borthwick has entered into a written employment agreement with INX Digital, pursuant to which he provides services as the Chief Business Officer (CBO) of the Company.

 

Mr. Paz Diamant

 

Transactions Involving the Company’s Securities

 

Pursuant to Mr. Diamant’s Services Agreement, Mr. Diamant was granted options to purchase 50,000 Tokens, at the price of $0.08 per Token, which equals 10,000 Tokens per month during the three months between the effective date of Mr. Diamant’s Services Agreement and October 2020, plus 20,000 INX Tokens. Upon entering into an Employment Agreement, Mr. Diamant shall be entitled to an option to purchase an additional 200,000 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.08 per INX Token. The options granted under the Employment Agreement shall vest, subject to Mr. Diamant’s continued employment with the Company, over four years in equal amounts on each of the first four anniversaries of the effective date of the Employment Agreement.

 

In addition, upon and subject to the adoption of a Share Ownership and Award Plan by the Company, Mr. Diamant shall receive an option to purchase 67,158 Ordinary Shares of the Company, at a price per share equal to its fair value at the grant date. 20% of the option shares will vest on the first anniversary of the grant date. Thereafter, 5% of the options shares vest at the end of each quarter during the four (4) years after the first anniversary of the grant date, such that the options will be fully vested and exercisable upon the 5th anniversary of the grant date. The option to purchase Ordinary Shares is subject to the continued employment of Mr. Diamant with the Company.

  

Management, Services or Consulting Agreement

 

Mr. Diamant has entered into a written services agreement with the Company, pursuant to which he provides services as its Chief Technology Officer.

 

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Mr. Itai Avneri

 

Transactions Involving the Company’s Securities

 

Pursuant to the Mr. Avneri’s Services Agreement, Mr. Avneri was granted with an option to purchase 180,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.09 per each Token and will be entitled to an option to purchase additional 180,000 INX Tokens upon the execution of the Avneri Employment Agreement with the Company. In addition, upon and subject to the adoption of a Share Ownership and Award Plan by the Company, Mr. Avneri shall receive an option to purchase 269,640 Ordinary Shares of the Company, at a price per share equal to its fair value at the grant date. 25% of the option shares will vest on the first anniversary of the grant date. Thereafter, subject to Mr. Avneri’s continuous engagement with the Company, one-twelfth (1/12) of the remaining unvested options vest at the end of each quarter during the three (3) years after the first anniversary of the grant date, such that the options will be fully vested and exercisable upon the fourth anniversary of the grant date.

 

Management, Services or Consulting Agreement

 

Mr. Avneri has entered into a written services agreement with the Company, pursuant to which he provides services as its Chief Operating Officer.

 

Mr. Emiliano Rios Caban (known as Jon Rios)

 

Transactions Involving the Company’s Securities

 

Pursuant to Mr. Rios’ Employment Agreement, Mr. Rios was granted an option to purchase 150,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.9 per Token.

 

Management, Services or Consulting Agreement

 

Mr. Rios has entered into a written employment agreement with INX Digital, pursuant to which he serves as its Chief Compliance Officer.

 

Ms. Catherine Yoon

 

Transactions Involving the Company’s Securities

 

Pursuant to Ms. Yoon’s Employment Agreement, Ms. Yoon was granted an option to purchase 75,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.9 per Token.

 

Management, Services or Consulting Agreement

 

Mr. Yoon has entered into a written employment agreement with INX Digital, pursuant to which she serves as its General Counsel. 

 

Agreements with Other Interested Parties

 

The Company and A-Labs Finance and Advisory Ltd., a limited liability company registered under the laws of the state of Israel, entered into the A-Labs Engagement Agreement.

 

On January 7, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the issuance to A-Labs of 47,893 Ordinary Shares in consideration of $50,000.

 

On April 25, 2019, A-Labs invested an additional $100,000 in the Company pursuant to a SAFE dated as of such date. On April 25, 2020, under the terms of the SAFE, A-Labs received 73,152 Ordinary Shares. See Item 7.B Related Party Transactions Relationships and Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers – Mr. Shy Datika – Transactions Involving the Company’s Securitiesfor a summary of the material terms of the SAFE.

 

On March 7, 2020, A-Labs invested an additional $30,000 in the Company pursuant to a Third SAFE dated as of such date. Under the terms of the Third SAFE, A-Labs is entitled to a minimum of 19,659 Ordinary Shares. See “Item 7.B Related Party Transactions – Relationships and Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers – Mr. Shy Datika – Transactions Involving the Company’s Securities” for a summary of the material terms of the SAFE and Third SAFE.

 

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A Qualifying Financing was not consummated before March 7, 2021, and thus the funds raised under the Third SAFEs were automatically converted into Ordinary Shares at a price per share equal to $1.526. Hence, under the terms of Third SAFE, on March 7, 2021 A-Labs received 19,659 Ordinary Shares and A-Labs will be entitled to an option to purchase 19,659 Ordinary Shares for an exercise price of $1.696 per share.

 

The foregoing descriptions of the SAFE and Third SAFE executed between A-Labs and the Company summarizes the material terms of the SAFE and Third SAFE, but are not complete descriptions. For more details, you should reference to the full text of the SAFE and Third SAFE executed between A-Labs and the Company, which are attached as Exhibits 10.30 and 10.36 hereto, which are attached as Exhibits 10.30 and 10.36 incorporated herein by reference.

 

On March 22, 2021, A-Labs (for itself and/or on behalf of any affiliate or fund or other investment vehicle managed by A-Labs or an affiliate thereof) entered into the March 2021 Subscription Agreement with the Company, pursuant to which A-Labs provided to the Company CAD$ 2,487,500 in consideration for subscription receipts of the Company that shall be replaced at the closing of the Valdy Transaction by 1,990,000 Ordinary Shares of Valdy and to an option to purchase 995,000 Ordinary Shares of Valdy at an exercise price of CAD$ 1.88 per share.

 

C. Interests of Experts and Counsel.

 

None.

 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION.

 

A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information.

 

See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

 

Legal Proceedings

 

From time to time we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We are not involved in any material legal proceedings.

 

Dividends

 

We have never declared or paid cash dividends to our shareholders. Currently we do not intend to pay cash dividends. We currently intend to reinvest any future earnings in developing and expanding our business. Any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on a number of factors, including future earnings, our financial condition, operating results, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects, applicable Israeli law and other factors our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

 

B. Significant Changes.

 

None.

 

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ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING

 

A. Offer and Listing Details.

 

Following the Valdy Transaction, the shares of our parent company, Valdy, will be listed on the TSXV under the symbol “INX”. No trading market currently exists for our ordinary shares in the United States. No trading market currently exists for the INX Token.

 

B. Plan of Distribution.

 

Not applicable.

 

C. Markets.

 

We have submitted an application for listing our ordinary shares on the TSX under the symbol “INX”. No trading market currently exists for our ordinary shares in the United States. No trading market currently exists for the INX Token.

   

D. Selling Shareholders.

 

Not applicable.

 

E. Dilution.

 

Not applicable.

 

F. Expenses of the Issue.

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

A. Share Capital.

 

Not applicable.

 

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association.

 

On March 18, 2021, the shareholders of the Company approved the amendment of the Third Amended and Restated Articles of Association of the Company. Pursuant to such amendment, Article 80.D(f) shall be amended such that the Bring Along and Forced Sale provisions of the Articles shall not be terminated upon the SEC effectiveness of this registration statement.

 

C. Material Contracts.

 

We have not entered into any material contract within the two years prior to the date of this registration statement, other than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, or as otherwise described herein in “Item 4.A. History and Development of the Company” above, “Item 4.B. Business Overview” above, “Item 7A. Major Shareholders” above, or “Item 8B. Significant Changes”.

 

D. Exchange Controls.

 

Dividends paid or deemed to be paid or credited by the Company to a U.S. Holder are subject to Canadian withholding tax under Part XIII of the Tax Act. The default rate of withholding tax is 25% of the gross dividend paid to a non-resident of Canada.

 

Under the Treaty, the rate of withholding tax on dividends paid to a U.S. Holder is generally limited to 15% of the gross dividend. In the case of a U.S. Holder that is a corporation owning at least 10% of the Company’s voting shares, the applicable withholding rate is 5% of the gross dividend, provided the U.S. Holder can establish entitlement to the benefits of the Treaty.”

 

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Except as provided in the Investment Canada Act, or the Act, there are no limitations under the laws of Canada, the Province of British Columbia or in the charter or any other constituent documents of the Company on the right of foreigners to hold or vote the ordinary shares of the Company.

 

The following discussion summarizes the principal features of the Investment Canada Act for a non-resident who proposes to acquire the ordinary shares.

 

The Investment Canada Act generally prohibits an “entity” that is not Canadian-controlled from effecting an acquisition of control of a Canadian business that exceeds the applicable financial threshold for review, unless after review, the Director of Investments appointed by the Minister responsible for the Investment Canada Act is satisfied that the investment is likely to be of net benefit to Canada. The financial thresholds for review vary according to whether the direct acquisition of control is made by (i) an investor that is controlled by nationals of a specified free trade party; (ii) a national of a World Trade Organization (WTO) member state; or (iii) a state-owned enterprise. Any investment, regardless of the applicable financial threshold for review, may be reviewed on national security grounds. An acquisition of control is presumed to occur under the Investment Canada Act if a non-Canadian acquires a majority of the ordinary shares. An acquisition resulting in the non-Canadian purchaser holding one third or more, but less than a majority, of the ordinary shares would be presumed to be an acquisition of control of the Company unless it could be established that, on the acquisition, the Company was not controlled in fact by the acquirer through the ownership of the ordinary shares. Certain transactions relating to the ordinary shares would be exempt from the Investment Canada Act, including: (a) an acquisition of the ordinary shares by a person in the ordinary course of that person’s business as a trader or dealer in securities; (b) an acquisition of control of the Company in connection with the realization of security granted for a loan or other financial assistance and not for a purpose related to the provisions of the Investment Canada Act; and (c) an acquisition of control of the Company by reason of an amalgamation, merger, consolidation or corporate reorganization following which the ultimate direct or indirect control in fact of the Company, through the ownership of the ordinary shares, remained unchanged

 

E. Taxation.

 

U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations

 

Set forth below is a discussion, in summary form, of certain United States federal income tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Tokens. This summary does not attempt to present all aspects of the United States federal income tax laws or any state, local or foreign laws that may affect an interest in Tokens. Financial institutions, insurance companies, tax-exempt entities, purchasers subject to the alternative minimum tax and other purchasers of special status must consult with their own professional tax advisors regarding a prospective investment in INX Tokens. This summary is by nature general in nature and should not be construed as tax advice to any prospective purchaser. No ruling has been or will be requested from the IRS and no assurance can be given that the IRS will agree with the tax consequences described in this summary. The following discussion assumes that each prospective Purchaser will acquire Tokens as a capital asset (generally, property held for investment). This description is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”), existing, proposed and temporary U.S. Treasury Regulations and judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, in each case as available on the date hereof. All of the foregoing is subject to change, which change could apply retroactively and could affect the tax consequences described below. The following discussion is limited to prospective purchasers who are “United States Persons” within the meaning of the Code. Each prospective purchaser should consult with its own tax adviser in order to fully understand the United States federal, state, local and foreign income tax consequences of purchasing an interest in Tokens. No formal or legal tax advice is hereby given to any prospective purchaser, and no prospective purchaser may rely on the Company’s statements regarding the anticipated tax consequences of purchasing, holding and disposing of Tokens.

 

Transactions involving Tokens are relatively new and it is more than likely that the IRS will issue guidance, possibly with retroactive effect, impacting the taxation of participating in the purchase, ownership and disposition of Tokens. Such future tax guidance from the IRS (or guidance resulting from future judicial decisions) could negatively impact purchasers of Tokens.

 

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Character of Tokens

 

There are no regulations, published rulings or judicial decisions involving the characterization for US federal income tax purposes of instruments with substantially the same terms as the INX Tokens.  It is also unclear what guidance on the characterization and treatment of tokens for U.S. federal income tax purposes may be issued in the future.  Thus, the characterization and treatment of INX Tokens for U.S. federal income tax purposes is uncertain. 

 

The IRS has ruled on the tax treatment of virtual currencies. In Notice 2014-21, the IRS held that digital currencies (i) are “property” that is not currency for US federal income tax purposes and (ii) may be held as a capital asset.   The Notice does not address other aspects of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of tokens, including the tax characterization of tokens which possess non-currency rights or powers (so called “utility” tokens) or tokens which provide a share of profits to holders.  

 

Moreover, there is no authority on the circumstances in which profit-sharing tokens such as INX Tokens may be treated as equity in the Company for U.S. federal income tax purposes.   It should be expected, however, that the IRS or a court would determine the characterization on tokens based on a consideration and weighing of the characteristics of these instruments.  Based on the characteristics of the INX Tokens, the Company intends to treat the INX Tokens as property that is not an equity interest in the Company for US federal income tax purposes.  This treatment is supported by the following characteristics:(i) distribution rights on the INX Tokens are (a) based on annual net cash flow from operating activities rather than earnings and profits of the Company and (b) entitlements pursuant to the terms of the INX Tokens without any action to declare a payment (distribution) required by Company’s board of directors, (ii) no participation rights in residual property of the Company on liquidation along with common equity and no specified liquidation preference typical with preferred equity and (iii) no voting rights. 

 

Other characterizations of the INX Tokens are possible, including the possibility characterization as equity of the Company. If INX Tokens were characterized as equity interests in the Company for U.S. federal income purposes, U.S. holders of INX Tokens would be subject additional tax consequences and related reporting considerations applicable to holders of stock in a foreign company, including the possible application of rules relating to PFICs and CFCs.  The summary below assumes that INX Tokens will not constitute an equity interest in the Company for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

Potential purchasers are strongly advised to consult their own tax advisors as to the US federal income tax characterization of the INX Tokens and the consequences to them of the various alternative characterizations.

 

Treatment of Token Sales. The issuance of Tokens to a purchaser will be treated as a taxable sale of property by the Company to the purchaser. A purchaser should not be taxed upon the acquisition of Tokens. A purchaser should generally have a tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes in INX Tokens it acquires from the Company equal to the value of the purchase price paid by such purchaser for INX Tokens. The purchaser’s holding period in INX Tokens should begin on the day INX Tokens are issued to the purchaser.

 

Disposition of Tokens. A Token holder who sells, exchanges, or otherwise disposes of Tokens for cash or other property (including pursuant to an exchange of such Tokens for other convertible virtual currency) should, pursuant to Internal Revenue Service Notice 2014-21, recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the fair market value of the property received in exchange for such Tokens and the purchaser’s adjusted tax basis in INX Tokens. This capital gain may be long term if the purchaser has held his Tokens for more than one year prior to disposition. Preferential tax rates for long term capital gain will generally apply to non-corporate U.S. Holders. Any gain or loss realized by a U.S. Holder on the sale, exchange, or other disposition of Tokens should generally be treated as from sources within the United States for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. The deductibility of capital losses for U.S. federal income tax purposes is subject to limitations.

 

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Treatment of Profit-Share Distributions. U.S. Holders of Tokens are required to include in gross income the amount of any distribution paid with respect to their Tokens. The source of distributions paid in respect of INX Tokens for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes is not clear.

 

EACH PURCHASER SHOULD SEEK, AND MUST DEPEND UPON, THE ADVICE OF HIS OR HER TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THEIR PURCHASE OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF TOKENS, AND EACH PURCHASER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FEES OF SUCH ADVISOR. NOTHING IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS OR SHOULD BE CONSTRUED AS LEGAL OR TAX ADVICE TO A PURCHASER. PURCHASERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE MAY NOT AGREE WITH ALL TAX POSITIONS TAKEN BY THE COMPANY AND THAT CHANGES TO THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OR THE REGULATIONS OR RULINGS THEREUNDER OR COURT DECISIONS AFTER THE DATE OF THIS MEMORANDUM MAY CHANGE THE ANTICIPATED TAX TREATMENT TO A PURCHASER. THE COMPANY WILL NOT OBTAIN ANY RULING FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE WITH REGARD TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF PURCHASES OF TOKENS.

 

THE TAX TREATMENT OF INX TOKENS IS UNCERTAIN AND THERE MAY BE ADVERSE TAX CONSEQUENCES FOR PURCHASERS UPON CERTAIN FUTURE EVENTS. A PURCHASE OF TOKENS MAY RESULT IN ADVERSE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO PURCHASERS, INCLUDING WITHHOLDING TAXES, INCOME TAXES AND TAX REPORTING REQUIREMENTS. EACH PURCHASER SHOULD CONSULT WITH AND MUST RELY UPON THE ADVICE OF ITS OWN PROFESSIONAL TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE UNITED STATES TAX TREATMENT OF TOKENS.

 

F. Dividends and Paying Agents.

 

Not applicable.

 

G. Statement by Experts.

 

Not applicable.

 

H. Documents on Display.

 

We are currently subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, applicable to foreign private issuers and under those requirements will file reports with the SEC. You may read and copy the registration statement, including the related exhibits and schedules, and any document we file with the SEC without charge at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. The SEC also maintains an Internet website that contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC will also available to the public through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

As a foreign private issuer, we will be exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file annual, quarterly and current reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. domestic companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. However, we will file with the SEC, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, or such applicable time as required by the SEC, an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent registered public accounting firm, and may submit to the SEC, on a Form 6-K, unaudited quarterly financial information.

 

We maintain a corporate website https://www.INX.co. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website and the other websites referenced above do not constitute a part of this annual report. We have included these website addresses in this registration statement solely as inactive textual references.

 

 

I. Subsidiary Information.

 

Not applicable.

 

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ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

Foreign Exchange Risk

 

We have not been exposed to material risks due to changes in foreign exchange rates, and we have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our foreign exchange risk exposure.

  

Interest Rate Risk

 

We have not been exposed to material risks due to changes in market interest rates, and we have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest risk exposure.

 

We may invest the net proceeds we received from our initial public offering in interest-earning instruments. Investments in both fixed rate and floating rate interest earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall.

 

Credit Risk

 

We are exposed to credit risk from our financing activities, including deposits with banks and financial institutions and other financial instruments. As a result, we are subject concentrations of credit risk. As of December 31, 2020, substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents were held at major financial institutions. We believe that these financial institutions are of high credit quality and continually monitor the credit worthiness of these financial institutions.

 

ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

 

A. Debt Securities.

 

Not applicable.

 

B. Warrants and rights.

 

Not applicable.

 

C. Other Securities.

 

Not applicable.

 

D. American Depositary Shares.

 

Not applicable.

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

Our management, with the participation of our President and Chief Financial Officer, has performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act.

 

Based upon that evaluation, our management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

We have not, and are not currently required to, complete an assessment, nor have our auditors tested, our systems of internal controls. We will be required to comply with the internal control requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021. Only in the event that we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer would we be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement. Further, for as long as we remain an emerging growth company as defined in the JOBS Act, we intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement.

 

We have not completed an assessment, nor have our auditors tested our systems, of internal controls. We may have internal controls that need improvement in areas such as:

 

  staffing for financial, accounting and external reporting areas, including segregation of duties;
     
  reconciliation of accounts;
     
  proper recording of expenses and liabilities in the period to which they relate;
     
  evidence of internal review and approval of accounting transactions;
     
  documentation of processes, assumptions and conclusions underlying significant estimates; and
     
  documentation of accounting policies and procedures.

 

Because it will take time, management involvement and perhaps outside resources to determine what internal control improvements are necessary for us to meet regulatory requirements and market expectations for our operation of a blockchain asset exchange business, we may incur significant expenses in meeting our public reporting responsibilities, particularly in the areas of designing, enhancing, or remediating internal and disclosure controls. Doing so effectively may also take longer than we expect, thus increasing our exposure to financial fraud or erroneous financial reporting.

 

ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

 

Our Board of Directors at this time has not determined whether or not any member of the audit committee is an “audit committee financial expert” (as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F).

 

ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS

 

We have adopted a Code of Business Ethics applicable to all of our directors and employees, including our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, controller or principal accounting officer, and other persons performing similar functions, which is a “code of ethics” as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The full text of the Code of Business Ethics will be posted on our website at INX.co. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference herein.

 

87

 

 

ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

 

The following table sets forth the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our principal auditors for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, for various types of services and a brief description of the nature of such services. Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer, a member of Ernst & Young Global and an independent registered public accounting firm, was our principal auditors for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. We currently expect Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer to serve as our principal auditors for the year ended December 31, 2021.

 

   Year Ended December 31, 
Services Rendered  2020   2019 
   (U.S. dollars in thousands) 
Audit (1)   237    293 
Total   237    293 

 

(1) These include professional services rendered by the principal accountant for the audit of the registrant's annual financial statements, including audited financial statements that were included in registration statements filed as part of our initial public offering.

 

ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

 

Not applicable.

 

88

 

 

PART III

 

ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

We have elected to provide financial statements and related information pursuant to Item 18.

 

ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The consolidated financial statements and the related notes required by this Item are included in this registration statement beginning on page F-1.

 

89

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020

 

U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS

 

INDEX

 

  Page
   
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-2
   
Consolidated Balance Sheets   F-3
   
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss F-4
   
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity F-5
   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows F-6
   
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-7 - F-39

 

- - - - - - - - - - -

 

F-1

 

 

Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer

144 Menachem Begin Road, Building A

Tel-Aviv 6492102, Israel

Tel: +972-3-6232525

Fax: +972-3-5622555

ey.com

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

 

INX LIMITED

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INX Limited (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”), and the related notes. In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board.

 

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

 

KOST FORER GABBAY & KASIERER

A Member of Ernst & Young Global

 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since its incorporation in 2017.

 

Tel-Aviv, Israel

March 30, 2021

 

F-2

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

 

       December 31, 
   Note   2020   2019 
             
ASSETS               
                
CURRENT ASSETS:               
Cash and cash equivalents        7,581    79 
Related parties        33    14 
Prepaid expenses and other receivables        439    294 
                
Total current assets        8,053    387 
                
EQUIPMENT, NET   7    32    - 
                
Total assets        8,085    387 
                
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY               
                
CURRENT LIABILITIES:               
Account payables        423    496 
    Accrued bonuses        905    - 
INX Token liability   3    24,106    1,179 
    INX Token warrant liability   4    4,249    113 
Convertible loans   6    148    145 
                
Total liabilities        29,831    1,933 
                
EQUITY:   8           
Ordinary shares of GBP 0.001 par value - Authorized: 100,000,000 shares at December 31, 2020 and 2019; Issued and Outstanding: 13,639,451 and 11,412,930 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively        18    15 
Share premium        10,866    6,805 
Receivable on account of shares        (9)   (76)
Conversion option of convertible loans        46    46 
Accumulated deficit        (32,667)   (8,336)
                
Total equity        (21,746)   (1,546)
                
 Total equity and liabilities        8,085    387 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-3

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

 

       Year ended December 31, 
   Note   2020   2019 
             
             
Operating expenses:               
Research and development        1,581    468 
Sales and marketing        2,153    108 
General and administrative        7,847    2,324 
                
Loss from operations        11,581    2,900 
                
Fair value adjustment of INX Token liability   3    12,518    762 
Fair value adjustment of INX Token warrants liability   4    209    92 
Finance expense        23    70 
Finance income        -    (135)
                
Loss and total comprehensive loss        24,331    3,689 
                
Loss per share, basic and diluted        2.00    0.32 
                
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted        12,152,006    11,395,273 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-4

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

 

 

   Ordinary shares   Share   Receivable
on account
   Conversion option of convertible   Accumulated   Total 
   Shares   Amount   premium   of shares   loans   deficit   equity 
                             
Balance as of January 1, 2019   10,987,747    14    4,717    (76)   46    (4,647)   54 
Loss and total comprehensive loss   -    -    -    -    -    (3,689)   (3,689)
Issuance of Ordinary shares   425,183    1    441    -    -    -    442 
Consideration for warrants exercised in 2018   -    -    39    -    -    -    39 
Share-based payment   -    -    202    -    -    -    202 
Issuance of SAFE   -    -    1,406    -    -    -    1,406 
Balance as of December 31, 2019   11,412,930    15    6,805    (76)   46    (8,336)   (1,546)
                                    
Loss and total comprehensive loss   -    -    -    -    -    (24,331)   (24,331)
Issuance of SAFE and warrants   -    -    879    -    -    -    879 
Issuance of Ordinary shares and warrants (**)   885,576    1    2,328    -    -    -    2,329 
Consideration for shares issued in 2017   -    -    -    75    -    -    75 
Conversion of SAFE   1,194,639    2    (2)   -    -    -    - 
Exercise of warrants   146,306    *)    286    (8)   -    -    278 
Share-based payment   -    -    570    -    -    -    570 
                                    
Balance as of December 31, 2020   13,639,451    18    10,866    (9)   46    (32,667)   (21,746)

 

*) Less than $1

**) See Note 8c.

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-5

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

U.S. dollars in thousands

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2020   2019 
Net cash flows from operating activities:          
           
Loss   (24,331)   (3,689)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:          
Share-based payment   570    202 
Depreciation   3    - 
INX Token-based compensation   3,933    9 
Fair value adjustment of INX Token liability   12,518    762 
Fair value adjustment of INX Token warrant liability   209    92 
Fair value adjustment of warrant liability   -    (135)
Accrued finance expense   3    39 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:          
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses   (145)   7 
Increase in accounts and other payables   280    199 
Increase in accrued bonuses   905    0 
           
Net cash used in operating activities   (6,055)   (2,514)
           
Net cash flows from investing activities:           
           
Purchase of equipment   (35)   - 
Decrease (increase) in funds held by a related party, net   (19)   57 
           
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities   (54)   57 
           
Net cash flows from financing activities:          
           
Proceeds from issuance of Ordinary shares   2,329    442 
Proceeds from issuance of SAFE and warrants   879    1,406 
Proceeds from warrants issued in 2018   -    39 
Proceeds from issuance of INX Tokens   10,403    - 
           
Net cash provided by financing activities   13,611    1,887 
           
Change in cash and cash equivalents   7,502    (570)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year    79    649 
           
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year    7,581    79 
           
 Significant non-cash transactions:          
Payment of shares receivable by related party   75    - 
Proceeds from Exercise of SAFE warrant by related party   278    - 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-6

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 1:- GENERAL

 

a.Business description:

 

INX Limited (the “Company”) was incorporated for the purpose of the development and operation of an integrated, regulated solution for trading blockchain assets (“INX Trading Solutions”) that will include a cryptocurrency trading platform, a security token trading platform and other services and products related to the trading of blockchain assets.

 

The Company’s goal in the development of INX Trading Solutions is to offer professionals in the financial services community a comprehensive, interactive platform that allows for seamless integrated trading, real-time risk management and reporting and administration tools. INX Trading Solutions will permit trading of various blockchain assets, including cryptocurrencies and security tokens, as it expands into different forms of trading products, including futures and derivative products. The Company plans to develop INX Trading Solutions as a series of centralized platforms that facilitates peer-to-peer professional trading services. This trading platform will help customers automate and coordinate front-office trading functions, middle-office risk management and reporting functions, and back-office accounting functions.

 

INX Trading Solutions will utilize established practices common in other regulated financial services markets, such as customary trading, clearing, and settlement procedures, regulatory compliance, capital and liquidity reserves and operational transparency.

 

As part of the INX decentralized blockchain ecosystem, the Company created 200 million INX Tokens (the “INX Token”).

 

On August 20, 2020, the SEC declared as effective the Company’s registration statement on Form F-1 filed in connection with the offering of INX Tokens (the “Offering”). The Company is offering up to 130 million INX Tokens at price of $0.90 per INX Token. The Company has met the minimum offering requirement of $7,500 and conducted closings of committed purchases of INX Tokens. In the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued 10,256,128 INX Tokens in the Offering for a total consideration of $9,232 and an additional 1,481,481 INX Tokens in an Ordinary Share and INX Token financing agreement, in which the consideration for the INX Tokens amounted to $1,171 (see Note (4)(d)). The Company will continue its public offering until its termination.

 

After the INX Securities trading platform is operational, the INX Token can be used to pay INX Securities trading platform transaction fees at a minimum discount of 10% as compared to the use of other currencies.

 

The Company does not intend to issue 35 million of the 200 million INX Tokens that have been created. In addition, the Company will reserve an additional 20% of INX Tokens received as payment of transaction fees, as long as the total amount of INX Tokens reserved does not exceed 35 million plus 50% of the number of INX Tokens sold by the Company to the public pursuant to the Offering and subsequent offerings of INX Tokens (excluding re-issuances of reacquired INX Tokens), up to a maximum of 100 million INX Tokens. The Company does not intend to issue these reserved INX Tokens for general fundraising purposes; these INX Tokens may be issued to finance extraordinary expenditures, as determined by the Board.

 

F-7

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 1:- GENERAL (Cont.)

 

In addition, as of December 31, 2020, a total of 17,373,438 INX Tokens are reserved for issuance to employees, directors, advisors and early investors. See Note 4.

 

Following an amendment to the INX Token rights which was approved by the Board of Directors of the Company on May 17, 2019 (the “Token Rights Amendment”), the Holders of INX Tokens (other than the Company) will be entitled to receive a pro rata distribution of 40% (20% prior to the Token Rights Amendment) of the Company’s net cash flow from operating activities, excluding any cash proceeds from an initial sale by the Company of an INX Token (the “Adjusted Operating Cash Flow”). The distribution will be based on the Company’s cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow, net of cash flows which have already formed a basis for a prior distribution, calculated as of December 31 of each year. The distribution will be paid to parties (other than the Company) holding INX Tokens as of March 31 of the following year. Distributions will be paid on April 30, commencing with the first distribution to be paid, if at all, on April 30, 2021, based on the Company’s cumulative Adjusted Operating Cash Flow calculated as of December 31, 2020.

 

b.Organizational information:

 

The Company was incorporated in Gibraltar on November 27, 2017. Its registered office is located at 6 Bayside Road, Gibraltar. After the INX Securities Trading platform becomes fully operational, the Company intends to relocate its principal office to New York, NY.

 

The Company’s founding shareholders are Triple-V (1999) Ltd. (“Triple-V”), and A-Labs Finance and Advisory Ltd. (“A-Labs”), which as of December 31, 2020 own 27.83% and 9.10%, respectively, of the Company’s outstanding Ordinary shares.

 

The Company has incorporated in Delaware two wholly-owned US subsidiaries, INX Services, Inc., which commenced operations in March 2018, and is intended to be registered as a licensed broker-dealer; and INX Digital, Inc. which was incorporated in April 2019 and is intended to be registered as a money transmitter to operate a trading platform for cryptocurrencies.

 

In addition, the Company has a wholly owned subsidiary, INX Solutions Limited., incorporated in Gibraltar, through which it intends to offer its services and products to the European market. INX Solutions Limited has not yet commenced operations.

 

F-8

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 1:-  GENERAL (Cont.)

 

c.COVID-19:

 

In early 2020, an outbreak of the novel strain of a coronavirus, which causes a disease named COVID-19, spread worldwide. As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, governments and industries have instituted drastic actions to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact. Such actions, including bans on international and domestic travel, quarantines, and prohibitions on accessing work sites, have caused significant disruptions to global and local economies and have led to dramatic volatility in the capital markets.

 

The extent to which the coronavirus pandemic impacts the Company’s operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence. Factors that may result in material delays and complications with respect to the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operation include the duration and severity of the outbreak, and the actions that may be required to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact.

 

In particular, the continued spread of the coronavirus globally could adversely impact the Company’s operations, including the development of the Company’s platforms within the expected timeframes, the health and safety of the employees, the ability to complete recruitment for open employment positions, and the ability to raise capital. In addition, the coronavirus pandemic could affect the operations of key governmental agencies, such as the SEC and CFTC, which may delay the development and regulatory approval necessary to operate the Company’s platforms.

 

d.Assessment of going concern:

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. Since inception of activities in September 2017, the Company has incurred a loss from operations and as of December 31, 2020, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $32,667. The Company has not yet generated cash from operations and it requires financing resources to support the ongoing operations, particularly development, marketing and operational costs. The Company’s future expenditures and capital requirements will depend on numerous factors, including: the final outcome of the Offering, the progress of the platform’s development efforts, timely launch of the operations of the INX Trading platform, and the outcome of the coronavirus pandemic which may impact the Company’s operations and the ability to raise capital. The Company’s management believes that its cash balance as of December 31, 2020 as well the additional proceeds amounting to approximately $15,000 received from the Offering through the date of approval of these financial statements, are sufficient to finance the Company’s operations for at least the coming 12 months, and accordingly, has concluded that the going concern assumption is appropriate.

 

  e. The financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 were authorized for issuance in accordance with a resolution of the board of directors on March 30, 2021.

 

F-9

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

The following accounting policies have been applied consistently in these consolidated financial statements for the periods presented, unless otherwise stated.

 

a.Basis of presentation of the financial statements:

 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (“IASB”).

 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a cost basis, except for INX Token and INX Token warrant liabilities, which are presented at fair value through profit or loss.

 

b.Consolidated financial statements

 

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and companies that are controlled by the Company (subsidiaries). Control is achieved when the Company is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Potential voting rights are considered when assessing whether an entity has control. The consolidation of the financial statements commences on the date on which control is obtained and ends when such control ceases.

 

The financial statements of the Company and of the subsidiaries are prepared as of the same dates and periods. The consolidated financial statements are prepared using uniform accounting policies by all companies in the Group. Significant intragroup balances and transactions and gains or losses resulting from intragroup transactions are eliminated in full in the consolidated financial statements.

 

c.Functional and presentation currencies:

 

The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is also the functional currency of all the entities in the Group, as substantially all of the Group’s expenditures and financing are denominated in U.S. dollars and the U.S. dollar presently best reflects the economic environment in which the Group is expecting to operate.

 

Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded upon initial recognition at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. After initial recognition, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated at each reporting date into the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. Exchange rate differences are recognized in profit or loss. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at cost are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at fair value are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined.

 

F-10

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

  d. Financial instruments:

 

  1.    Financial assets are initially recognized at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs.
     
2.Loans and receivables are held to collect contractual cash flows and give rise to cash flows representing solely payments of principal and interest. These are measured subsequent to initial recognition at amortized cost.
   
3.Financial liabilities:

 

Financial liabilities are initially recognized at fair value. After initial recognition, the accounting treatment of financial liabilities is based on their classification as follows:

 

    a) Financial liabilities at amortized cost:
       
  After initial recognition, loans and other liabilities are measured based on their terms at amortized cost less directly attributable transaction costs using the effective interest method.
     
  b)Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss – These include financial liabilities held for trading (including the INX Token warrant liability) and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognized in profit or loss.
     
  Based on the terms of the INX Token, as described in Note 1a, the INX Token is a hybrid financial instrument. The host instrument is a financial liability due to the right of the INX Token holder to effectively redeem the INX Token in consideration as payment for services. The INX Token is considered a puttable instrument which is a financial liability in accordance with IAS 32, Financial Instruments: Presentation.

 

The Company’s obligation to make a pro rata distribution annually to the INX Token holders from the Company’s Adjusted Operating Cash Flow is an embedded derivative. The Company views the Company’s operating cash flows as a financial variable, and therefore, the embedded derivative requires bifurcation pursuant to IFRS 9. The Company elected in accordance with IFRS 9 to designate the entire financial liability (including the embedded derivative) at fair value through profit and loss. Accordingly, the INX Token warrant liability is remeasured to fair value at the end of each reporting period.

 

F-11

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

 

The change in the fair value of the INX Token liability that is attributable to changes in credit risk, excluding those changes in credit risk attributable to the embedded derivative, is presented in other comprehensive income. The remaining amount of the change in the fair value of the INX Token liability is presented in profit or loss.

 

When the INX Token is used to pay for services provided by the Company, the respective portion of the INX Token liability is derecognized and revenue is recognized. The fair value of INX Tokens issued in consideration for services to be provided to the Company is recognized as compensation expense as the services are provided.

 

4.Compound financial instruments:

 

Convertible debt which contains both an equity component and a liability component are separated into two components. This separation is performed by first determining the liability component based on the fair value of an equivalent non-convertible liability. The value of the conversion component is determined to be the residual amount. Directly attributable transaction costs are apportioned between the equity component and the liability component based on the allocation of proceeds to the equity and liability components.

 

5.Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”)

 

The Company has entered into equity funding agreements (SAFEs) pursuant to which funds received by the Company from investors will automatically be converted into the same class of share capital of the Company that will be issued in a future qualifying financing, as defined in the SAFEs. The conversion price for SAFEs issued until June 2020 will be equal to the lower of, (i) 25% discount on the base (undiscounted) price per share of the qualifying financing, and (ii) a fixed price, as set forth in the SAFEs. For SAFEs issued in June 2020, the conversion price will be equal to the lower of, (i) 25% discount on the base (undiscounted) price per share of the qualifying financing, and (ii) a fixed Company valuation divided by the number of Company shares outstanding on a fully-diluted basis (as defined in the SAFEs). If there is no qualifying financing within a specified time period, the funds received will automatically be converted into Ordinary shares of the Company at the fixed price or, for the SAFEs issued in June 2020, based on the fixed Company valuation.

 

The Company is not obligated to complete a qualifying financing or to approve the issuance of shares or dilutive securities within the term specified in the SAFE that would result in the issuance of  a variable number of the Company’s equity instruments. Accordingly, as the SAFEs are a non-derivative for which the conversion price into the Company’s equity instruments is fixed at the end of its term, the consideration received from investors pursuant to the SAFEs is classified as equity.

 

  e. Fair value measurement:

 

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

 

Fair value measurement is based on the assumption that the transaction will take place in the asset’s or the liability’s principal market, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market.

 

F-12

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

 

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

 

Fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

 

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

 

All assets and liabilities measured at fair value or for which fair value is disclosed are categorized into levels within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the entire fair value measurement.

 

The Company classifies the bases used to measure certain assets and liabilities at their fair value. Assets and liabilities carried or measured at fair value have been classified into three levels based upon a fair value hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs used in making the measurements.

 

The levels are as follows:

 

  Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;
  Level 2: Significant inputs other than within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e.: as prices) or indirectly (i.e.: derived from prices);
  Level 3: Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data and require management assumptions or inputs from unobservable markets.

 

For details of the fair value of the INX Token liability – See Note 3. For the fair values of INX Token warrant liability, see Note 4. The fair values of current financial assets and financial liabilities, other than the INX Token and INX Token warrant liability, approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

 

F-13

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

 

f.Share based payment transactions:

 

Certain of the Company’s employees and other service providers are entitled to remuneration in the form of equity settled share-based payment transactions. The cost of the transactions is measured at the fair value of the equity instruments granted at grant date, using an appropriate valuation model, further details of which are provided in Note 9. The cost of the transactions is recognized in profit or loss together with a corresponding increase in equity or for share based grants during the period which the performance and/or service conditions are to be satisfied ending on the date on which the relevant employees/service provider become entitled to the award (the “vesting period”). The cumulative expense recognized at the end of each reporting period until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company’s best estimate of the number of instruments that will ultimately vest.

 

  g. Research and development expenses:

 

Research expenses are recognized in profit or loss when incurred. An intangible asset arising from a development project or from the development phase of an internal project is recognized if the Company can demonstrate all of the following: the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale; the Company’s intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it; the Company’s ability to use or sell the intangible asset; how the intangible asset will generate future economic benefits; the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the intangible asset; and the Company’s ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development. Through December 31, 2020, the Company has not met all the aforementioned criteria and therefore all development costs have been recognized in profit or loss. 

 

F-14

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

 

  h. Income taxes:
     
    Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred tax is provided using a liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and the carryforward of any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carryforward of unused tax losses can be utilized. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and is reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available for all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized.
     
    As of December 31, 2020, the Company has a carryforward operating loss that approximates the accumulated deficit of the Company in the amount of $32,667. No deferred tax asset has been recorded in respect of the carryforward tax loss due to the uncertainty of its realization.

 

  i Equipment, net:
     
   

Equipment is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and excluding day-to-day servicing expenses. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the assets. Computers and related equipment are depreciated over a period of three years. The useful life and depreciation method of an asset are reviewed at least each year-end and any changes are accounted for prospectively as a change in accounting estimate.

 

F-15

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 2:-SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

 

  j. Net loss per share:
     
    Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of Ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss, as above, after adjustment for interest on the convertible loans by the weighted average number of Ordinary shares outstanding, as above, plus the weighted average number of Ordinary shares that would be issued on conversion of the convertible loans.
     
    For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the effect of the inclusion of the weighted average number of shares of 2,030,400 Ordinary shares and 1,952,832 Ordinary shares, respectively, that would have been issued upon the conversion of the Company’s employees stock options, convertible loans, and warrants were anti-dilutive.
     
  k. Estimates and assumptions:
     
    The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that have an effect on the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Changes in accounting estimates are reported in the period of the change in estimate.
     
    The key assumptions made in the consolidated financial statements concerning uncertainties at the reporting date that may result in a material adjustment to the carrying amount of the INX Token liability and INX Token warrant liability within the next financial year are discussed in Note 3.

 

F-16

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 3:-INX TOKEN LIABILITY

 

The number of INX Tokens that the Company has distributed as of December 31, 2020 or has an obligation to distribute as of December 31, 2019 is as follows:

 

     December 31, 
     2020   2019 
           
  Founding shareholders:          
  Triple-V   9,435,939    9,435,939 
  A-Labs   4,550,000    4,550,000 
             
      13,985,939    13,985,939 
             
  Investors - see Note 8    2,549,481    1,068,000 
  Issued in the Offering   10,256,128    - 
  Holders of convertible loans   2,690,623    2,690,623 
  Service providers   1,215,000    1,147,500 
             
  Total   30,697,171    18,892,062 
             
  INX Token liability  $24,106   $1,179 

 

On August 20, 2020, the Company’s Form F-1 in connection with the Offering was declared as effective by the SEC. The Company intends to continue the public offering until its termination which is expected to occur in the second quarter of 2021. In the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued 10,256,128 INX Tokens in the Offering for a total consideration of $9,232 and additional 1,481,481 INX token in a shares and tokens financing agreement, in which the INX token consideration amounted to $1,171 (see Note 8(4)(d)).

 

The Company has determined the Offering price at $0.90 per token.

 

Certain INX tokens holders are subject to lock-up agreements that restrict such holder’s ability to sell or transfer their INX Tokens for periods of 6 to 24 months. For the purpose of determining the fair value of the INX token liability, the Company considered the restriction which apply on such token holders by discounting the Offering price with a discount rate reflecting the lack of marketability during the lock-up period.

 

The fair values of INX Tokens free of, or subject to lock-up agreements and the discount rates applied as of December 31, 2020, are as follows:

 

     Discount rate   Number of INX
tokens
   Total fair value 
  Not subject to lock-up   0%    10,256,128   $9,232 
  Subject to lock-up through February 2021   6.35%    2,553,124   $2,152 
  Subject to lock-up through September 2021   12.09%    1,481,481   $1,171 
  Subject to lock-up through April 2023   21.77%    16,406,438   $11,551 
  Total        30,697,171   $24,106 

 

F-17

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 3:- INX TOKEN LIABILITY (Cont.)

 

The fair value per INX token as of December 31, 2020 for tokens which are not subject to lock-up agreement was $0.90, based on the Offering price. The level in the fair value hierarchy is level 1.

 

For INX tokens which are subject to lock-up agreement, the Company used the Finnerty model to determine the discount rates applying for such INX tokens during their lock-up agreements. The significant inputs and assumptions are risk free interest, volatility of 62.46% - 81.48% and the period under the lock up. The level in the fair value hierarchy applied for such tokens is level 2.

 

The fair value as of December 31, 2019 was $0.06237 per token as determined by management and the Board of Directors based on valuations derived from a capital raise pursuant to the terms of SAFEs approved by the Board of directors in February 2020. In determining the fair value of the INX Token prior to the Offering, the Company used various inputs and assumptions in performing an underlying comparison of the shareholder’s and INX Token holder’s participation rights in the Company’s earning distribution. The significant inputs and assumptions were the price of the Ordinary share of the Company, the volatility used in valuing the Company’s share options and INX Token warrants, expected term of the INX Token warrants, the number of INX Tokens expected to be issued in the Offering and the weighted average probability as to the amount of funds to be raised in the Offering. The level in the fair value hierarchy is level 3.

 

A quantitative sensitivity analysis of certain inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement as of December 31, 2019, are shown below:

 

  Significant inputs   Input used   Sensitivity of the input
to fair value
           
  Price of the INX Ordinary share   December 2019: $0.98   10% increase (decrease) in the share price would result in increase (decrease) in fair value as of December 31, 2019 by $120.
  Number of INX tokens expected to be issued in the Offering   130 million   Decrease of 50 million in the number of INX Tokens would result in an increase in fair value as of December 31, 2019 by $559.

 

In respect of the other significant inputs described above, the Company estimates that there are no expected reasonably possible changes in the assumptions that would have a significant effect on the fair value of the INX Tokens as of the reporting dates.

 

There is currently no trading market for the INX Token. If such a trading market were to develop, the fair value of the INX Token liability will be subject to fluctuations due to changes in market prices (market risk). The market price of the INX Token may be volatile due to a number of factors, including fluctuations in the Company’s results of operations and macro-economic factors.

 

In the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the re-measurement to fair value of the INX Token liability in respect of INX Tokens resulted in an expense (unrealized loss) of $12,518 and $762, respectively, which was recorded in profit or loss.

 

F-18

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 3:- INX TOKEN LIABILITY (Cont.)

 

The changes in the fair value of the INX Token liability attributable to changes in credit risk, excluding those changes in credit risk attributable to the embedded derivative, are immaterial for all reported periods and therefore no amounts have been included in other comprehensive income in respect of credit risk.

 

NOTE 4:- INX TOKEN WARRANT LIABILITY

 

a.Composition:

 

     Year ended December 31, 
     2020   2019 
  Obligation to issue INX Tokens to early investors  $318   $109 
  Warrants granted to employees and service providers   3,931    4 
             
     $4,249   $113 

 

b.The Company reserved 17,373,438 INX Tokens for sales and issuances to employees, directors, advisors and early investors in the Company. Of this amount, 1,333,000 INX Tokens have been issued and the Company has commitments to issue up to 6,676,083 additional INX Tokens.

 

c.As part of equity financing agreements that took place in 2018, the Company has obligated to issue to the investors a number of INX tokens that will be determined pursuant to the results of the Offering. The Company have accounted for these obligations as derivative liabilities. See Notes 8(2)(a) and 8(2)(c).

 

d.Warrants granted to employees and service providers:

 

As of December 31, 2020, the Company has commitments to grant 5,906,083 INX Tokens to directors, employees and service providers, substantially all of which were exercisable subject to the Offering being declared effective by the SEC. Most of these warrants are exercisable six months following the date the Offering was declared effective by the SEC in August 2020 and some are also subject to vesting periods.

 

The following table lists the inputs to the Black-Scholes pricing model used for the fair value measurement of INX Tokens warrants:

 

  Expected volatility of the token prices (%)   65% - 99.3%
  Risk-free interest rate (%)   0.65%
  Expected life of warrant (years*)   0.25 - 4 
  Exercise price   $0.01 - $0.90 

 

*) INX Token warrant granted with no expiration date were valued as the INX Token fair value.

 

F-19

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 4:- INX TOKEN WARRANT LIABILITY (Cont.)

 

The liability for INX Token warrants to employees and service providers is presented at fair value based on the above inputs. Token based compensation expenses in the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 amounted to $3,933 and $9, respectively.

 

d.Movement during the year:

 

The following table presents the changes in the number of INX Tokens warrants and their weighted average exercise prices:

 

     2020   2019 
     Number of tokens   Weighted average exercise price   Number of tokens   Weighted average exercise price 
                   
  INX Tokens warrants outstanding at beginning of year   5,086,250   $0.016    4,482,500   $0.011 
  INX Token warrants granted during the year   1,084,833   $0.286    603,750   $0.057 
  Obligation exercised (tokens issued) during the year   (265,000)  $0.01    -    - 
                       
  INX Token warrants outstanding at the end of year   5,906,083   $0.067    5,086,250   $0.016 
                       
  INX Token warrants exercisable at end of year (*)   398,762   $0.080    247,500   $0.021 

 

(*) As of December 31, 2020, all exercisable INX token warrants are subject to lock-up agreements for periods of 6 to 24 months following the date the Offering was declared effective by the SEC in August 2020.

 

F-20

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 5:- RELATED PARTIES

 

a.Balances:

 

     December 31, 
     2020   2019 
           
  Assets:          
             
  Receivable - funds held by related party   33    14 
  Prepaid expenses   207    255 
             
  Liabilities:          
  Account payables   16    13 
  Accrued bonuses   450    - 
  INX Token liability   11,429    1,008 
  INX Token warrant liability   2,177    43 
  Convertible loans   52    50 

 

b.Transactions (*):

 

     Year ended December 31, 
     2020   2019 
           
  Sales and marketing   549    3 
  General and administrative   1,280    99 
  Fair value adjustment of INX Token and INX Token warrant liabilities   3,852    262 

 

*) Excluding benefit to key management personnel (See c below).

 

c.Benefits to key management personnel:

 

     Year ended December 31, 
     2020   2019 
           
  Short-term benefits   1,412    752 
  Share-based compensation   340    202 
  Token-based compensation   903    9 

 

F-21

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 6:- CONVERTIBLE LOANS

 

The Company entered into convertible loan agreements dated November 27, 2017 (“Convertible Loans”) with three individuals, of which one is an officer of the Company (the “Lenders”), for an aggregate amount of $144. The loans are convertible at any time and at each Lender’s sole discretion, into an aggregate total of 956,333 Ordinary shares of the Company or repaid at the earlier of (i) the lapse of five years; (ii) an initial public offering of the Company’s shares or (iii) upon a Deemed Liquidation Event as defined in the Company’s Articles of Association. The loans bear 2% interest compounded annually. In addition, the Lenders were granted the right to purchase a total of 2,690,623 INX Tokens.

 

During the years 2018 and 2017, the Company received $47 and $97, respectively, in consideration for the convertible loans and INX Tokens, of which $1 and $4, respectively were attributed to the fair value of the INX Tokens. The fair value of the loans received during the years 2018 and 2017, amounted to $31 and $ 62 respectively, resulting in an effective interest rate of 60% and the balances of $15 and $31, respectively, were attributed to the conversion option, which was recorded in equity.

 

In the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, interest and amortization of discount on the convertible loans amounted to $3 and $39, respectively.

 

The Convertible Loans were converted into Ordinary shares on February 25, 2021. See Note 12(f).

 

 

NOTE 7:- EQUIPMENT, NET

 

  Cost:  Computers
and related
equipment
 
  Balance at January 1, 2020  $ - 
  Additions   35 
  Balance at December 31, 2020   35 
  Accumulated depreciation:     
  Balance at January 1, 2020   - 
  Depreciation for the year   3 
  Balance at December 31, 2020   3 
        
  Depreciated cost at December 31, 2020  $32 

 

F-22

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 8:- EQUITY

 

Outstanding Ordinary shares:

 

Ordinary shares confer upon their holders’ rights to receive dividends in cash and in Company’s shares, rights to nominate the Company’s directors and rights to participate in distribution of dividends upon liquidation in proportion to their holdings. The Company has caused majority of its current shareholders and shall cause its future shareholders, to enter an agreement, pursuant to which such shareholders (i) irrevocably subordinate their rights to receive any distributions and payments from the Company prior to the payment in full by the Company of all distributions owed to INX Token holders, and (ii) irrevocably waive and subordinate their rights, in the event of an insolvency event, as defined in the INX Token Purchase Agreement, to any cash held in the cash fund. All Ordinary shares issued and outstanding have identical rights, including identical voting rights, in all respects.

 

In the period from inception (September 2017) through December 31, 2020, Ordinary shares of the Company were issued and outstanding as follows:

 

  1. Period ended December 31, 2017:

 

a)Issuance of 3,356,666 Ordinary shares to Triple-V in consideration for $527 of which $452 was paid in cash. The balance of the $75 is recorded as a receivable on account of shares as an offset to equity.

 

b)Issuance of 1,120,000 Ordinary shares to A-Labs in consideration for services provided to the Company at a fair value of $175.

 

c)Issuance of 440,500 Ordinary shares to certain service providers of the Company in consideration for services provided to the Company at a fair value of $69.

 

 

  2. Year ended December 31, 2018:

 

a)During January and February 2018, the Company signed four individual Share Purchase Agreements with four new investors (the “New Investors”). Pursuant to these agreements, the Company issued a total of 1,768,290 Ordinary shares to the New Investors. In addition, two of the New Investors were granted warrants to purchase up to an additional 1,647,264 Ordinary shares at an exercise price of $0.13465 per share. The warrants will expire upon the earlier of a merger or acquisition of the Company, or nine months from the date the warrants were granted in January 2018.

 

F-23

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 8:- EQUITY (Cont.)

 

In June 2018, some of the New Investors signed amendments to the Share Purchase Agreements pursuant to which the New Investors are entitled to receive an additional 1,068,000 INX Tokens.

 

The New Investors are also entitled to receive, for no additional consideration, a number of INX Tokens to be determined by dividing the aggregate consideration of $693 by the price per Token in an initial public offering of INX Tokens. The number of INX Tokens received will not exceed 2% of the total number of INX Tokens issued at the time of the initial public offering. The Company has accounted for this obligation to issue Tokens as a derivative liability that is measured at fair value through profit or loss.

 

As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair value of the related derivative liability, which was determined based on management’s assessment of the number of Tokens to be provided, amounted to $318 and $103, respectively, and is included in the INX Token warrant liability. The level in the fair value hierarchy is level 1 and 3 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

 

The aggregate consideration received from the New Investors amounted to $704, of which $698, $5 and $1 were attributed to the shares and warrants, INX Tokens and derivative liability, respectively.

 

On September 10, 2018, the New Investors exercised a portion of their warrants and purchased 1,368,759 Ordinary shares in consideration for $186, of which $39 was received in February 2019. The remaining warrants expired.

 

b)In May 2018, the Company issued to additional investors 2,358,820 Ordinary shares in consideration for an aggregate amount of $2,463.

 

c)On October 2, 2018, the Company issued to a new investor 478,927 Ordinary shares in consideration for $500 reflecting a price per share of $1.044 (the “Purchase Price”). The Company also issued to the investor a share warrant to purchase an additional 622,605 Ordinary shares at the same price per share. In addition, the investor received an INX Token warrant to purchase 325,000 INX Tokens at a price per token equal to 70% of the price of the INX Tokens determined at an initial coin offering. The share warrant is exercisable during a period of six months commencing from the effective date of the transaction (the “October 2018 Financing”). In April 2019, the share warrant expired. The terms of the INX Token warrant, as amended on December 19, 2019 and June 10, 2020, may be exercised through the earlier of: (i) the closing of the ICO; and (ii) December 31, 2020. The Token warrants expired in December 31, 2020.

 

According to the October 2018 Financing, in the event that during a period of six months from the effective date, the Company shall issue Ordinary shares at a price per share that is lower than the Purchase Price, the Purchase Price shall be retroactively adjusted to be equal to such lower price and the Company shall issue to the investor additional Ordinary shares, such that the total amount of shares issued to the investor under the October 2018 Financing shall be equal to the aggregate purchase price, divided by the lower share price.

 

F-24

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 8:- EQUITY (Cont.)

 

The number of Ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrant and the exercise price shall be adjusted accordingly. The share warrant together with the anti-dilution protection mechanism described above, were accounted as Warrant liability which is re-measured each period at fair value in the statement of comprehensive loss. Through April 2019, no Ordinary shares were issued at a price lower than the Purchase Price. Therefore, no additional Ordinary shares were issued to the investor and the share warrant expired.

 

With respect to the INX Token warrant described above, the Company has accounted for this obligation to issue Tokens as a derivative liability that is measured at fair value through profit or loss. The following assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of the INX Token warrant: risk-free interest rate of 1.55%, expected volatility of 66.13%, expected life (in years) of 0.25 and expected dividend yield of 0%. The level in the fair value hierarchy is level 3.

 

The October 2018 Financing aggregate consideration was attributed to Ordinary shares, warrant liability and token derivative liability, according to their fair value as of the date of the transaction, which amounted to $340, $158 and $2, respectively.

 

As of December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 the fair value of the derivative liability, which was determined using a Black Scholes option pricing model, amounted to $0 and $6, respectively, and is included in INX Token warrant liability.

 

d)On October 10, 2018, the Company issued to an additional investor 95,785 Ordinary shares in consideration for $100.

 

  3. Year ended December 31, 2019:

 

a)In January 2019, the Company signed separate share purchase agreements with several investors, including A-Labs and one of the Company’s service providers which is a related party. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company issued to the investors 425,183 Ordinary shares in consideration for $444, reflecting a price of $1.044 per share. The Ordinary shares issued include 47,893 shares and 33,391 shares that were issued to A-Labs and one of the Company’s service providers, respectively.

 

b)In April 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a capital raise in the form of Simple Agreements for Future Equity (“SAFE”). Pursuant to the SAFE, upon consummation of an investment round in shares of capital stock of the Company in the amount of not less than $ 2,000 (in addition to the funds raised under the SAFEs) (the “Qualifying Financing”), the funds raised under the SAFEs will automatically be converted into the same class of shares of capital stock as those issued in the Qualifying Financing at a price per share equal to the lower of: (i) a 25% discount on the base (undiscounted) price per share of the Qualifying Financing; and (ii) $1.367 per share(the “Default Price”). If a Qualified Financing is not consummated within 12 months as of the Effective Date (as such term is defined in the SAFEs), the funds raised under the SAFEs will automatically be converted at a price per share equal to the Default Price pursuant to the terms set forth in the SAFEs.

 

F-25

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 8:- EQUITY (Cont.)

 

Following the approval of the Board of Directors, during April 2019, the Company entered into SAFEs with certain investors pursuant to which an amount of $428 was raised by the Company, including $150 and $100 from Triple V and A-Labs respectively.

 

A Qualified Financing was not consummated before April 25, 2020, and thus the funds raised under the SAFE were automatically converted into 312,849 Ordinary Shares at a price per share equal to the Default Price

 

c)On August 13, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an additional capital raise of up to $1,000 in the form of SAFE, which the Board of Directors of the Company then increased to $1,500 on October 28, 2019 (the “Second SAFE”). The Second SAFE will also be automatically converted into the same class of shares of capital stock as those issued in the Qualifying Financing at a price per share equal to the lower of: (i) 25% discount on the base (undiscounted) price per share of the Qualifying Financing, and (ii) $1.367 per share. If a Qualified Financing is not consummated within 12 months commencing as of the Effective Date (as such term is defined in the Second SAFE), the funds will automatically be converted at a price per share of $1.367. In addition to the shares issued to the investors upon conversion of the Second SAFE, the Second SAFE investors shall be entitled to an option to purchase an equal number of additional shares issued to them upon conversion of their investment under the Second SAFE, from the same class of such converted shares, for an exercise price of $1.953 per share. This option shall be valid for a period of 36 months. In connection with the Second SAFE, the Company raised an amount of $978, including $250 from Triple V.

 

In the absence of a qualified financing during the 12 months period following the effective date of such Second SAFE in 2020, the Company converted the investment provided to it under the Second SAFE into an aggregate of 716,136 Ordinary Shares of the Company.

 

Pursuant to the terms of the Second SAFE, upon the Second SAFE conversion, the investors under the Second SAFEs received an option to purchase an additional identical number of Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $1.953 per share.

 

On September 13, 2020, Triple-V exercised the option that was granted to it under the Second SAFE dated August 30, 2019 between Triple-V and the Company, and the option that was granted to Mr. Shy Datika under the Second SAFE dated August 30, 2019 between Mr. Datika and the Company that was assigned to Triple by Mr. Datika, were exercised to an aggregate of 146,306 Ordinary Shares at a price of $1.953 per share.

 

F-26

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 8:- EQUITY (Cont.)

 

  4. Year ended December 31, 2020:

 

a)On February 21, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an additional capital raise of up to $1,500 in the form of SAFE (the “Third SAFE”). The Third SAFE will be automatically converted into the same class of shares of capital stock as those issued in a Qualifying Financing at a price per share equal to the lower of, (i) 25% discount on the base (undiscounted) price per share of the Qualifying Financing, and (ii) $1.526 per share. If a Qualified Financing is not consummated within 12 months commencing as of the Effective Date (as such term is defined in the Third SAFE), the funds will automatically be converted at a price per share of $1.526. In addition to the shares issued to the investors upon conversion of the Third SAFE, the Third SAFE investors shall be entitled to an option to purchase additional identical number of shares, from the same class of the shares issued to them upon conversion of their investment under the Third SAFE, for an exercise price of $1.696 per share. This option shall be valid for a period of 36 months commencing as of the Effective Date of the agreement. An aggregate amount of $579 has been received by the Company pursuant to the Third SAFE in 2020, including $100 and $30 from Triple V and A-Labs, respectively. See Note 12(a).

 

b)On June 2, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an additional capital raise of $300 in the form of SAFE (the “Fourth SAFE”) to be invested in the Company by a new investor. The Fourth SAFE will also be automatically converted into the same class of shares of capital stock as those issued in a Qualifying Financing at a price per share equal to the lower of, (i) 25% discount on the base (undiscounted) price per share of the Qualifying Financing, and (ii) a price per share that is calculated by dividing $36,000 by the number of shares in the Fully Diluted Share Capital immediately prior to the issue of all Safe Equity Shares issuable upon conversion. If a Qualified Financing is not consummated within 18 months commencing as of the Effective Date (as such term is defined in the Fourth SAFE), the funds will automatically be converted at a price per share that is calculated by dividing $36,000 by the number of shares in the Fully Diluted Share Capital immediately prior to the issue of the last Safe Equity Shares issuable under those SAFEs issued in the Round.

 

In addition to the shares issued to the new investor upon conversion of the Fourth SAFE, the new investor shall be entitled to an option to purchase additional identical number of shares, from the same class of the shares issued to him upon conversion of his investment under the Fourth SAFE. The exercise price of each share underlying this option shall be calculated by dividing $40,000 by the Fully Diluted Share Capital immediately prior to the issue of the Safe Equity Shares. This option shall be valid for a period of 36 months commencing as of the Effective Date.

 

Upon the closing of such Qualified Financing on September 13, 2020 (see Note 8(4)(c)), the Company converted the investment provided to it under the Fourth SAFE into 165,654 Ordinary Shares of the Company. Such conversion reflected a price of $1.811 per share. Pursuant to the terms of the Fourth SAFE, upon the Fourth SAFE conversion, the investor under the Fourth SAFE received an option to purchase an additional identical number of Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price of $2.743 per share.

 

F-27

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 8:- EQUITY (Cont.)

 

c)On September 13, 2020, the Company entered into a subscription agreement with a new investor pursuant to which the investor invested in the Company $1,500 in consideration for 621,375 Ordinary Shares. The new investor is also entitled to receive, for no additional consideration a warrant to purchase 596,659 Ordinary Shares of the Company, at a price of $2.514 per share, until the warrant’s first-year anniversary.

 

In addition to its investment under the investment agreement, on September 8, 2020, the new investor also entered into a Token Purchase Agreement with the Company, under which he purchased from the Company 6,666,667 INX Tokens in consideration for $6,000.

 

The new investor also entered into a separate option agreement with Triple V, pursuant to which the new investor shall be entitled to purchase from Triple V (and not from the Company) up to 1.5 million INX Tokens held by Triple V at an exercise price of $0.25 per each INX Token.

 

The fair value of the option agreement with Triple V is approximately $790. This amount, representing a benefit provided to the investor on behalf of the Company by Triple V, a founding  shareholder of the Company, is accounted for as a contribution to equity (share premium) in the statement of changes in equity. As the purchase of the INX Tokens by the investor is recorded as a liability at their fair value on the date of the acquisition, this benefit has been deducted entirely from the consideration allocated to the purchase of Ordinary shares and warrants (share premium) in the statement of changes in equity. Accordingly, the net effect on share premium and equity is nil.

 

d)On September 30, 2020, the Company entered into an investment agreement with Awake Limited (the “Awake Agreement” and “Awake”, respectively). Pursuant to the Awake Agreement, Awake invested in the Company $2,000 in consideration for 264,201 Ordinary Shares of the Company and 1,481,481 INX Tokens. The INX Tokens under the Awake Agreement are subject to Lock-Up Agreement for a period of 12 months. The Awake Agreement’s consideration was attributed to Ordinary shares and to INX Token liability, according to their fair value as of the date of the transaction, which amounted to $829 and $1,171, respectively.

 

F-28

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 9:- SHARE-BASED PAYMENT

 

a.Shares reserved for Employees Stock Option Plan:

 

On December 29, 2017, the Company’s Board approved a resolution to reserve 417,000 Ordinary shares of the Company for the purpose of an Employees Stock Option Plan (“ESOP”) and future grants to employees and consultants as the Board may approve from time to time. As of December 31, 2020, no Stock Option Plan has been adopted (See Note 12g).

 

b.Ordinary shares issued to certain employees and service providers:

 

During 2017, the Company issued Ordinary shares to certain employees and service providers in consideration for services to be provided to the Company.

 

The fair value of the Ordinary share was determined at $0.156 per share as of the date of grant. The fair value of the Ordinary shares was derived from the total consideration paid by the Company’s founding shareholder for INX Tokens and Ordinary shares issued to him upon the establishment of the Company. Key assumptions include an underlying comparison of the shareholder’s and INX Token holder’s participation rights in the Company’s earning distribution.

 

c.Share options and warrants granted to employees and service providers:

 

1.In May 2018 the Company granted to Y. Singer (service provider) a warrant to purchase 68,173 Ordinary shares of the Company. See also Note 10b.

 

2.Upon and subject to the adoption of a Share Ownership and Option Plan (the “Plan”) by the Company, certain employees shall receive 653,419 options exercisable into Ordinary shares of the Company at a price per share equal to the fair value per share at the date of the adoption of the Plan. The options vest over periods of three to four years. The options are exercisable for a period of 10 years from the date of grant. As of December 31, 2020, none of these options were exercisable. Since the exercise price has not yet been determined, the Company has recorded expenses of $570 and $202 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, based on an estimate of the fair value of the options as of the respective periods end. See Note 12(g).

 

3.The table below summarizes the assumptions that were used to estimate the fair value of the above options granted to employees using the Black- Scholes option pricing model:

 

     Year ended December 31, 
     2020   2019 
  Expected term (years)   10    10 
  Expected volatility   99.26%   123.69%
  Estimated exercise price   3.133    0.98 
  Risk-free interest rate   0.65%   2%
  Dividend yield   0    0 

 

F-29

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 10:-  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

a.Engagement agreement with A-Labs Finance and Advisory Ltd. (“A-Labs”):

 

Under an engagement agreement dated September 26, 2017, as amended in December 2017 and January 31, 2018 (the “A-Labs Agreement”), A-Labs, a shareholder of the Company, shall provide services to the Company which include, among others, development, planning, management, execution, branding and marketing outside of the US with relation to the Offering of the INX Tokens on behalf of the Company. In consideration for these services, A-Labs received a non-refundable, cash payment of $500 and will receive a contingent cash payment of $500 payable upon the completion of an offering in which the Company has raised from US Persons not less than $10,000. Subject to the completion of an offering under which the Company has raised from non-U.S. persons not less than $10,000, A-Labs also will receive an additional contingent cash payment for the marketing and sale of INX Tokens to non-US Persons only. Such consideration shall be equal to: 10% of the first $30,000 (up to $3,000) in ICO Proceeds (as defined in the A-Labs Engagement Agreement); 5% of the next $70,000 (up to $3,500) in ICO Proceeds; 6% of the next $100,000 (up to $6,000) in ICO Proceeds; and 7.5% of ICO Proceeds in excess of $200,000.

 

A-Labs also received a grant of 4,550,000 INX Tokens at a fair value of $6. In addition, pursuant to an agreement signed contemporaneously with the A-Labs Agreement, the Company issued 1,120,000 Ordinary shares to A-Labs. The fair value of the Ordinary shares issued amounting to $136 ($175 less the payment of $39 required for those shares), is deemed additional consideration for the services to be provided by A-Labs.

 

In September 2017, the total consideration in the A-Labs Agreement amounted to $681. This amount is comprised of cash of $500, INX Tokens with a fair value of $6 and Ordinary shares with a fair value of $175. A-Labs contributed $45 ($6 for the INX Tokens and $39 for the Ordinary shares), such that the consideration in excess of the amount contributed amounted to $636. As the A-Labs Agreement required A-Labs to provide these services in the future, upon initial recognition this amount of $636 was recorded as prepaid expenses.

 

The fair value of the INX Tokens and of the Ordinary shares was derived from the total consideration paid by the Company’s founding shareholder for INX Tokens and Ordinary shares issued to him upon the establishment of the Company. Key assumptions include an underlying comparison of the shareholder’s and INX Token holder’s participation rights in the Adjusted Operating Cash Flow.

 

In the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized compensation expense in connection with the A-Labs Agreement of $508 and $3, respectively. The compensation expense recognized was based on the extent of the services performed until the respective dates.

 

As of December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the balance of prepaid expenses amounted to $207 and $258, respectively. The prepaid expenses balance as of December 31, 2020 includes additional advance payments of $143 paid to A-Labs during 2020.

 

F-30

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 10:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Cont.)

 

b.Software services agreement with Y. Singer Ltd. (“Y. Singer”):

 

Under the Software Services Agreement, effective as of October 1, 2017, and as amended on May 9, 2018, June 27, 2018 and August 6, 2018 (the “Y. Singer Agreement”), between the Company and Y. Singer, Y. Singer shall provide services to the Company, including the design, development, implementation, modification and customization of the INX Trading Solutions platform software. In addition, Y. Singer will provide maintenance and support services for a three-month period to INX Trading Solutions with a renewal option. In consideration for these services, Y. Singer is entitled to approximately $500. In consideration for past services, Y. Singer was also granted in May 2018 a warrant to purchase 68,173 Ordinary shares of the Company at an exercise price equal to the par value per share of GBP 0.001 exercisable for a period of 48 months from the date the warrants were granted. Upon issuance of these warrants, the Company recorded compensation expense of $71 in the year ended December 31, 2018 based upon the fair value of the Ordinary shares at that date. The Software Services Agreement between the Company and Y. Singer has terminated under its terms as a result of the Company’s failure to raise $5,000 by September 30, 2018. However, Y. Singer continued to perform the services under the Software Services Agreement through its completion during the second quarter of 2019, in consideration for the amount provided in the Software Services Agreement.

 

c.Appointment of Mr. Silbert as the Executive Managing Director:

 

In connection with the appointment of Mr. Silbert as the Executive Managing Director of INX Services, Inc., Mr. Silbert entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with INX Services, Inc. dated March 7, 2018, and subsequently amended on June 25, 2018, (the “Silbert Employment Agreement”), pursuant to which Mr. Silbert will provide services to INX Services, Inc. and the Company, including that Mr. Silbert shall serve as a member of the Board of the Company and Executive Managing Director of U.S. Operations of INX Services, Inc. Pursuant to the Silbert Employment Agreement, Mr. Silbert will receive an annual base salary of $132.

 

Six months following the date the registration statement in connection with an initial public offering of INX Tokens is declared effective by the SEC, Mr. Silbert shall be eligible to earn an annual performance-based bonus in the amount of $150 upon the achievement of certain performance-based targets which shall be established by the Board and shall also be granted an option to purchase 500,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.01 per Token, which option must be exercised within ninety days of the grant. Six months following the date the registration statement in connection with an initial offering of INX Tokens is declared effective by the SEC, Mr. Silbert’s base salary shall increase to a monthly rate of $20.

 

In addition, upon and subject to the adoption of a Share Ownership and Option Plan by the Company, Mr. Silbert shall receive an option to purchase 287,290 Ordinary shares of the Company constituting 3% of the share capital of the Company on a fully diluted basis at the date of the Silbert Employment Agreement, at a price per share equal to the fair value per share at the grant date, which will be the date of the adoption of a Share Ownership and Option Plan. 25% of the option shares will vest upon each anniversary of Mr. Silbert’s employment with INX Services. See Note 9c(2) for further details.

 

F-31

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 10:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Cont.)

 

On March 25, 2021 the Silbert Employment Agreement was amended such that, commencing as of April 1, 2021, Mr. Silbert’s title shall change to CEO, North America and his annual base salary shall increase to $300. In addition, Mr. Silbert was granted, effective as of April 1, 2021, an additional option to purchase 200,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.9 per Token, and with an option to purchase 197,710 Ordinary Shares of the Company.

 

d.Appointment of Mr. James Crossley as a member of the Company’s Board:

 

In connection with the appointment of Mr. James Crossley as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, the Company entered into a Services Agreement with Bentley Limited (the “Bentley Services Agreement”), effective as of February 1, 2018, pursuant to which Bentley Limited will provide services to the Company including that James Crossley shall serve as a board member of the Company. Pursuant to the Bentley Services Agreement, Bentley will receive a monthly consulting fee of GBP 1,600. Commencing January 2018, Bentley also receives a fee of GBP 1,000 per month in consideration for administrative services.

 

In addition, Bentley will receive the option to purchase 10,000 INX Tokens per month at the price of $0.01 per Token, subject to a maximum of 100,000 INX Tokens. On January 7, 2019, the Board of Directors approved the grant of options to Bentley Limited to purchase an additional 7,500 INX Tokens per month at the price of $0.01 per Token. Such additional options shall commence on December 1, 2018 and shall lapse on the first of the month in which the Company raises $10,000 in a public offering of INX Tokens.

 

On October 1, 2020, the Bentley Services Agreement was amended such that, commencing as of such date, the monthly consulting fee due to Bentley Limited was increased to GBP 3,600 + VAT per month. In addition, Bentley Limited’s entitlement for INX Tokens ended on October 1, 2020. The total aggregate number of INX Tokens underlying the Bentley Limited option is 265,000. As of the date hereof, Bentley Limited has exercised all options to purchase INX Tokens that have been granted pursuant to the Bentley Services Agreement.

 

e.Agreement with Fidelis LLC:

 

On April 23, 2018, the Company and INX Services, Inc. entered into a services agreement with Fidelis LLC, effective as of April 1, 2018 and as amended on June 25, 2018, pursuant to which Mr. Matt Rozzi shall serve as the Chief Operating Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of INX Services, Inc. Mr. Rozzi will receive a monthly fee of $12.5. In addition, upon the registration of INX Services as a broker-dealer with FINRA, Mr. Rozzi shall be granted a one-time cash bonus of $60.

 

It is intended that Mr. Rozzi will enter into an employment agreement with INX Services, Inc. six months following the date the registration statement in connection with an initial public offering is declared effective by the SEC. Pursuant to this agreement, Mr. Rozzi will receive a monthly salary in the amount of $25 and benefits appropriate to an executive level employee. Mr. Rozzi shall also receive additional bonus payments of up to $90 upon the achievement of certain performance targets and objectives as determined by the Board of the Company. Six months following the date the registration statement in connection with an initial public offering of INX Token is declared effective by the SEC, Mr. Rozzi will receive an option to purchase 350,000 INX Tokens at a price per Token of $0.01.

 

F-32

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 10:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Cont.)

 

In addition, upon and subject to the adoption of a Share Ownership and Option Plan by the Company, the Company will grant Mr. Rozzi an option to purchase 48,122 shares constituting 0.5% of the share capital of the Company as of April 23, 2018 (on a fully diluted basis and subject to future dilution) with an exercise price per share equal to the fair value of the Company’s share at the grant date, which will be the date of the adoption of a Share Ownership and Option Plan. 25% of the options will vest on each anniversary of Mr. Rozzi’s employment with INX Services. Since the exercise price has not been determined yet, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expenses based on the best estimate of the fair value of the options at the end of the reporting period. See Note 9c(2) for further details.

 

f.Appointment of Mr. David Weild as a member of the Company’s Board:

 

On March 21, 2018, as amended on June 25, 2018, the Company appointed Mr. David Weild as a member of the Board of the Company, effective as of April 15, 2018. Mr. Weild will receive a monthly fee of $1.5. Six months following the date the registration statement in connection with an initial public offering of INX Tokens is declared effective by the SEC, Mr. Weild shall receive an option to purchase 350,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.01 per Token and shall be entitled to purchase 3,500 INX Tokens at a price of $0.01 per Token on a monthly basis during his tenure as director.

 

g.Consulting Agreement with Shay Laboratory Ltd:

 

Under the Consulting Agreement with Shay Laboratory Ltd., dated October 1, 2017, in consideration for its consulting services, Shay Laboratory Ltd. shall receive, upon and subject to the adoption of a Share Ownership and Option Plan by the Company and to raising a certain minimum amount in an initial public offering of INX Tokens, an option to purchase 28,010 Ordinary shares of the Company, at a price per share equal to the par value per share of GBP 0.001.

 

In addition, the Company has granted Shay Laboratory Ltd. an option to purchase INX Tokens equaling in the aggregate 0.1% of the registered INX Tokens which were not sold at the ICO or otherwise were distributed by the Company to any third party, at the price of $0.01 per Token, provided that, such number of INX Tokens shall not exceed 100,000 and shall not be less than 15,000. Such options are contingent upon raising a certain minimum amount in an initial public offering of INX Tokens.

 

In addition, upon an initial public offering of INX Tokens whereby a certain minimum amount of proceeds is raised, Shay Laboratory Ltd will be entitled to receive a one-time cash bonus of approximately $55.

 

h.Appointment of Directors:

 

In 2018, pursuant to letters of intention the Company engaged Mr. Ashar, Mr. Thadaney and Mr. Lewis (the “New Directors”) as members of the Board of Directors of INX Limited. Each of the New Directors will receive a monthly fee of $1-$1.5 for the term of the engagement. Six months following the date the registration statement in connection with an initial public offering of INX Tokens is declared effective by the SEC, each of the New Directors will be entitled to purchase 3,500 INX Tokens per month in consideration for $0.01 per Token on a monthly basis during his tenure as director, as well as an option to purchase 350,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.01 per Token.

 

F-33

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 10:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Cont.)

 

i.Agreement with Mr. Douglas Borthwick:

 

On September 1, 2019, INX Services, Inc. entered into a services agreement with Mr. Douglas Borthwick, pursuant to which Mr. Borthwick shall serve as the Chief Marketing and Business Development Officer of INX Services, Inc. Pursuant to the Borthwick Employment Agreement, Mr. Borthwick receives a base monthly salary of $1. In addition, Mr. Borthwick was granted an option to purchase 103,929 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.065 per INX Token. Six months following the date the registration statement in connection with this offering is declared effective by the SEC, Mr. Borthwick shall be entitled to a one-time bonus in the amount of $200 and an option to purchase additional 259,821 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.065 per INX Token. In addition, upon and subject to the adoption of a Share Ownership and Option Plan by the Company, Mr. Borthwick shall receive an option to purchase 194.937 Ordinary Shares of the Company, at a price per share equal to the fair market value per share. The option shares shall vest over a period of three years, subject to the continuous engagement of Mr. Borthwick with the Company. Since the exercise price of the stock options has not been determined yet, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expenses based on the best estimate of the fair value of the options at the end of the reporting period. See Note 9c(2) for further details.

 

If the said Agreement is terminated without cause or good reason, as such terms are defined in the Agreement, INX Services shall continue to pay Mr. Borthwick a base salary for twelve months following the termination date.

 

Effective September 1, 2019, Mr. Borthwick and INX Services entered into an Amended and Restated Consultancy and Employment Agreement, as amended on October 1, 2020 (the “Previous Borthwick Employment Agreement”), pursuant to which Mr. Borthwick will provide services to INX Services and the Company, including that Mr. Borthwick shall serve as Chief Marketing and Business Development Officer of INX Services.

 

On October 1, 2020, the Borthwick Employment Agreement was amended such that, Mr. Borthwick’s monthly salary was increased to $ 15,000 and was granted with an option to purchase additional 250,000 INX Tokens (the “Borthwick’s Additional Tokens”). 50,000 Tokens of Borthwick’s Additional Tokens vested six months following the date the registration statement in connection with the offering of the INX Tokens was declared effective by the SEC and their exercise price is $0.09 per INX Token. 200,000 Tokens of Borthwick’s Additional Tokens shall vest in accordance with the following vesting schedule: 25% of such 200,000 INX Tokens vested on October 1, 2020 and additional 25% of such 200,000 INX Tokens shall vest over four year thereafter. The exercise price of such 200,000 INX Tokens shall be $0.9 per each Token.

 

On March 25, 2021 the Borthwick Employment Agreement was amended such that, commencing as of April 1, 2021, Mr. Borthwick’s title shall change to Company’s Chief Business Officer (CBO) and his annual base salary shall increase to $276. In addition, Mr. Borthwick was granted, effective as of April 1, 2021, an additional option to purchase 200,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.9 per Token, and with an option to purchase additional 206,000 Ordinary Shares of the Company.

 

F-34

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 10:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Cont.)

 

j.Agreement with Mr. Paz Diamant:

 

On July 6, 2020, the Company entered into a Services Agreement with Mr. Paz Diamant pursuant to which Mr. Diamant shall serve as Chief Technology Officer of the Company. The Diamant Services Agreement further envisions that Mr. Diamant will enter into an employment agreement with the Company two months following the date the registration statement in connection with the Offering is declared effective by the SEC. Mr. Diamant will receives a monthly consulting fee of $1. Upon entering into an employment agreement with the Company, Mr. Diamant shall be entitled to a monthly salary of approximately $13 per month.

 

Pursuant to the Diamant Services Agreement, during each month between the effective date of the Diamant Services Agreement until the month that is two months following the date the registration statement in connection with this offering is declared effective by the SEC, Mr. Diamant will be entitled to an option to 10,000 INX Tokens per month, at the price of $0.08 per Token. Two months following the date the registration statement in connection with an initial public offering of INX Tokens is declared effective by the SEC, Mr. Diamant shall be entitled to an option to purchase 20,000 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.08 per INX Token. Upon entering into an employment agreement with the Company, Mr. Diamant shall be entitled to an option to purchase an additional 200,000 INX Tokens at an exercise price of $0.08 per INX Token. The options granted under the Diamant Employment Agreement shall vest, subject to Mr. Diamant’s continued employment with the Company, over four years in equal amounts on each of the first four anniversaries of the effective date of the Diamant Employment Agreement.

 

In addition, upon and subject to the adoption of a Share Ownership and Option Plan by the Company, Mr. Diamant shall receive an option to purchase 67,158 Ordinary Shares of the Company, at a price per share equal to its fair value at the grant date. The option shares shall vest over a period of five years, subject to the continuous engagement of Mr. Diamant with the Company. In addition, Mr. Diamant is entitled to a one-time bonus payment of $250 upon the acquisition of the Company by a non-affiliated entity in consideration for no less than $50,000.

 

F-35

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 11:- EMPLOYEE BENEFIT EXPENSES

 

a.Employee benefit expenses:

 

Short term employee benefits included in consolidated statements of comprehensive loss are as follows:

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2020   2019 
           
Research and development          
    Short term benefit   738    360 
    Share based compensation   255    - 
    Token based compensation   336    3 
           
Sales and Marketing          
    Short term benefit   267    2 
    Share based compensation   171    106 
    Token based compensation   423    - 
           
General and administration          
    Short term benefit   1,600    756 
    Share based compensation   144    96 
    Token based compensation   3,174    6 

 

F-36

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 12:- SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

a.Conversion of the Third SAFE:

 

(1)Third SAFE dated March 2020 - In March 2021, in the absence of qualified financing during the 12 months following the effective date of such Third SAFE, the Company converted the investment provided to it under the Third SAFE dated March 2020 into an aggregate of 281,304 Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price per share of $1.526.

 

(2)Third SAFE dated May 2020 - March 2021, Oz.tz. Properties Ltd and SPiCE Venture Capital Pte. Ltd., who originally were entitled to convert their loan in May 2021, requested the Company for early conversion of their SAFEs, this request was approved by the Company’s board of directors and accordingly converted into an aggregate of 98,296 Ordinary Shares of the Company at a price per share of $1.526.

 

b.Asset purchase agreement with OFN:

 

On January 12, 2021, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Openfinance Holdings, Inc. and certain subsidiaries of Openfinance Holdings, Inc. (collectively, “OFN” and the “Asset Purchase Agreement”). Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company acquired various assets of OFN, including the entire share capital of Openfinance Securities, LLC (“OFN Securities”), a Pennsylvania corporation, who holds FINRA Broker Dealer permit and Alternative Trading System permit in the United States, in consideration of $1,180. In addition, following 6 months and 12 months from the closing and contingent upon the continued operation of the trading platform, the Company shall pay additional payments of $400 each. The first additional payments may be reduced to $200, subject to the number of issuers contracted to be listed on the trading platform between the time of the closing and the date of payment. In addition, the Company shall grant OFN a warrant to purchase 500,000 INX Tokens and additional warrants to INX Tokens, equal to 35,000 Tokens multiplied by the number of full months commencing as of June 1, 2020 and until the consummation of the transaction. The warrants underlying the Grant shall be exercisable during a period of 24 months as of the closing, with an exercise price of $ 0.07 per token. In addition, OFN will be entitled to additional consideration in a way of a split of the platform generated profit as follows: 33% in the first and second years of operations, 20% and 10% in the third and fourth years of operations, respectively. Following closing of the Asset Purchase Agreement, OFN Securities shall also become a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The closing thereof is subject to regulatory approvals. In the event that FINRA shall approve the change of control in OFN Securities and its sale to the Company, the Company is likely to be able to use OFN Securities’s Broker Dealer permit and Alternative Trading System permit for its purposes and shall no longer be required to obtain an independent Broker Dealer permit and Alternative Trading System permit.

 

F-37

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 12:- SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Cont.)

 

c.Letter of Intent and plan of merger:

 

On February 22, 202 the Company entered into a non-binding Letter of Intent with Valdy Investments Ltd. (TSXV: VLDY.P) (“Valdy”), a Capital Pool Company (CPC) incorporated under the laws of British Columbia, Canada, registered for trade on the TSX Venture Exchange (the “Exchange”) (the “LOI”). The LOI contemplates a merger/share exchange between the Company and Valdy, subject to the approval of the Exchange and the satisfaction of other conditions to be contained in the agreements between the Company and Valdy in connection with this transaction (the “Valdy Transaction”). At the closing of the Valdy Transaction, current holders of shares and option to purchase shares of the Company will be issued an aggregate of 175,000,000 common shares of the combined entity in exchange for their outstanding shares and option to purchase shares of the Company. The shareholders of Valdy shall receive 5,000,000 common shares of the combined entity. Additional securities of the combined entity will be issued to consultants of the Company (including the investment banks who facilitate the transaction) as set forth in the LOI. The Valdy Transaction shall be consummated pursuant to the terms of a securities exchange agreement, which terms are currently negotiated between the Company, Valdy and its principal shareholders and the shareholders and option holders of the Company. The Valdy Transaction was approved by the shareholders of the Company on March 18, 2021.

 

In parallel to the negotiation with respect to the final terms and conditions of the Valdy Transaction, the Company plans to complete an equity financing by way of a brokered private placement of subscription receipts which will entitle such purchasers to receive a unit comprised of one Ordinary share and one half of one warrant to purchase an Ordinary Share. The Ordinary shares and warrants issued pursuant to the subscription receipts will be exchanged for comparable securities of Valdy on closing of the Valdy Transaction.

 

  d. Agreement with Mr. Itai Avenri:

 

Effective January 4, 2021, Mr. Avneri and the Company entered into a Services Agreement (the “Avneri Services Agreement”), pursuant to which Mr. Avneri shall serve as Company’s Chief Operating Officer. The Avneri Services Agreement further envisions that Mr. Avneri will enter into an employment agreement with the Company.

 

Pursuant to the Avneri Services Agreement, Mr. Avneri receives monthly payment of approximately $31. Subject to the discretion of our Board and the discretion of the CEO of the Company, Mr. Avneri may be entitled to an annual bonus payment in the amount equal to 2-5 monthly payments. In addition, Mr. Avneri was granted with an option to purchase 180, 000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.09 per each Token and will be entitled to an option to purchase additional 180,000 INX Tokens upon the execution of the Avneri Employment Agreement with the Company. In addition, upon and subject to the adoption of a Share Ownership and Award Plan by the Company, Mr. Avneri shall receive an option to purchase 269,640 Ordinary Shares of the Company, at a price per share equal to the fair value at the shares subject to vesting over a period of four year from the grant date, subject to the continuous engagement of Mr. Avneri with the Company.

 

F-38

 

 

INX LIMITED

 

Notes to CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, token, per share and per token data)

 

NOTE 12:- SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Cont.)

 

  e. Employment Agreement with Mr. Emiliano Rios Caban:

 

On January 6, 2021, INX Digital entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Emiliano Rios Caban (known as Jon Rios) (the “Rios Employment Agreement”), pursuant to which Mr. Rios serve as the Chief Compliance Officer of INX Digital, the Company and its affiliated companies. If the Rios Employment Agreement is terminated without cause or good reason, as such terms are defined in the Rios Employment Agreement, INX Digital shall continue to pay Mr. Rios a base salary for twelve months following the termination date. Mr. Rios will receive an annual base salary of $195 and is eligible to earn an annual performance-based bonus in the amount of $50 upon the achievement of certain goals which shall be established by the INX Digital Board of Directors. In addition, Mr. Rios was granted an option to purchase 150,000 INX Tokens at a price of $0.9 per Token.

 

  f. Conversion of Convertible Loans

 

On February 25, 2021, holders of Convertible Loans (see Note 6) exercised their right under the loan agreements and converted the outstanding principal and interest amounts of the loan agreement into 956,333 Ordinary Shares of the Company.

 

  g. Share Ownership and Award Plan

 

The Company’s board of directors adopted the INX Limited Share Ownership and Award Plan (2021) (the “Share Ownership and Award Plan” or the “Plan”) and Company’s shareholders approved the Plan on February 22, 2021. The Plan provides for the grant of options to purchase Ordinary Shares and restricted shares to such employees, directors and consultants engaged by the Company or any of its affiliates. The Plan further provides for the grant of options and restricted shares to service providers who are not Gibraltar citizens, and includes U.S. and Israeli appendices that further specify the terms and conditions of grants of options and restricted shares to such foreign grantees. Subject to certain capitalization adjustments, the aggregate number of Ordinary Shares that may be issued pursuant to share awards under the Plan may not exceed 1,288,882 Ordinary Shares.

 

F-39

 

 

ITEM 19. EXHIBITS.

 

Exhibit
Number
  Exhibit Description
1.1   Memorandum of Association of the Company (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 333-233363), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
1.2#   Amended Third Amended and Restated Articles of Association of the Company, as currently in effect
2.1   Form of INX Token Purchase Agreement (previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 10 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 12, 2020 and herein incorporated by reference).
2.2   Form of Waiver and Subordination Undertaking (previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
2.3   Smart Contract (previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Amendment No. 5 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on December 20, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
2.4   INX Smart Contract Description V.3.0, dated December 12, 2019 (previously filed as Exhibit 4.4 to Amendment No. 5 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on December 20, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.1*   Amended and Restated Consultancy Agreement dated June 25, 2018 between Triple-V (1999) Ltd. and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 333-233363), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.2*   Financial Services Agreement dated December 26, 2017 between Insight Finance Ltd. and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.3   Second Amended and Restated Engagement Agreement dated December 31, 2017 between A-Labs Finance and Advisory Ltd. and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.4   Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Engagement Agreement dated January 31, 2018, between A-Labs Finance and Advisory Ltd. and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.5   Amended and Restated Consultancy Agreement dated June 25, 2018 between Mr. Jonathan Azeroual and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.6*   Executive Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2021 between Alan Silbert and INX Digital, Inc. (previously filed as Exhibit 10.42 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on March 30, 2021 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.7   Services Agreement dated March 8, 2018 between Bentley Limited and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.8*   Amendment to Services Agreement dated September 6, 2018 between Bentley Limited and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.16 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.9*   Second Amendment to Services Agreement dated November 30, 2018 between Bentley Limited and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.10*   Amended and Restated letter of invitation dated June 25, 2018 between Mr. David Weild and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.18 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.11*   Letter of Invitation dated July 10, 2018 Mr. Nicholas Thadaney and INX Limited  (previously filed as Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.12*   Letter of Invitation dated August 20, 2018 Mr. Haim Ashar and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.23 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.13*   Letter of Invitation dated September 21, 2018 Mr. Thomas Lewis and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.24 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).

 

90

 

 

4.14   Form of Custodial Services Agreement between INX Digital Inc. and BitGo Trust Company (previously filed as Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.15*   Simple Agreement for Future Equity, dated April 25, 2019, between Shy Datika and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.27 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.16*   Simple Agreement for Future Equity, dated April 25, 2019, between A-Labs Finance and Advisory Ltd. and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 19, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.17*   Simple Agreement for Future Equity, dated August 30, 2019, between Shy Datika and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.29 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on September 26, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.18*   Simple Agreement for Future Equity, dated August 30, 2019, between Triple-V (1999) Ltd. and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.30 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on September 26, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.19*   Consultancy and Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2021 between Douglas Borthwick and INX Digital, Inc. (previously filed as Exhibit 10.43 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on March 30, 2021 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.20*   Simple Agreement for Future Equity, dated November 29, 2019, between Shy Datika and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.33 to Amendment No. 5 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on December 20, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference)
4.21*   Simple Agreement for Future Equity, dated January 31, 2020, between Shy Datika and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.35 to Amendment No. 8 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on April 23, 2020 and herein incorporated by reference)
4.22*   Simple Agreement for Future Equity, dated March 7, 2020, between A-Labs Finance and Advisory, Ltd. and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.36 to Amendment No. 8 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on April 23, 2020 and herein incorporated by reference)
4.23*   Simple Agreement for Future Equity, dated March 31, 2020, between Shy Datika and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.37 to Amendment No. 8 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on April 23, 2020 and herein incorporated by reference)
4.24*   Amended and Restated Services Agreement dated July 6, 2020 between Mr. Paz Diamant and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.38 to Amendment No. 9 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 3, 2020 and herein incorporated by reference)
4.25   Transfer Agency and Service Agreement (previously filed as Exhibit 10.40 to Amendment No. 9 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on August 3, 2020 and herein incorporated by reference)
4.26*   Services Agreement dated December 24, 2020 between Itai Avneri and INX Limited (previously filed as Exhibit 10.44 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on March 30, 2021 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.27*   Executive Employment Agreement dated January 6, 2021 between Emiliano Rios Caban and INX Digital, Inc. (previously filed as Exhibit 10.45 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form F-1 (File No. 001-33332), filed on March 30, 2021 and herein incorporated by reference).
4.28#   Securities Exchange Agreement dated March 31, 2021 among Valdy Investments Ltd, the Company, the INX securityholders listed therein, PI Financial Corp. and Eight Capital
4.29*#   Executive Employment Agreement dated April 26, 2021 between Catherine Yoon and INX Digital, Inc.
11.1#   List of subsidiaries of the Registrant
12.1#   Certification by Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
12.2#   Certification by Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.1#   Certification by Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.2#   Certification by Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS##   XBRL Instance
101.SCH##   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL##   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF##   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB##   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE##   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

 

# Filed herewith

## To be filed by amendment

* Management contract or compensatory plan

 

91

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this registration statement filed on its behalf.

 

  INX LIMITED
     
Date: April 28, 2021 By: /s/ Shy Datika
    Shy Datika
    President

 

92

 

 

EX-1.2 2 f20f2020ex1-2_inxlimited.htm AMENDED THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OF THE COMPANY, AS CURRENTLY IN EFFECT

Exhibit 1.2

 

PRIVATE COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES

 

Amended Third Amended and Restated Articles of Association of

 

INX Limited
 
INDEX TO THE ARTICLES
 
PART 1
INTERPRETATION AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
 
1. Defined terms and references 1
2. Private company 4
3. Liability of members 4
4. Applicability of standard form memorandum and articles of association 4
     
PART 2
OFFICERS
5. First directors and secretary 5
     
APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTORS
   
6. Methods of appointing directors 5
7. Termination of director’s appointment 6
8. Removal of directors 6
9. Directors’ remuneration 6
10. Directors’ expenses 7
     
ALTERNATE DIRECTORS
     
11. Appointment and removal of alternates 7
12. Rights and responsibilities of alternate directors 7
13. Termination of alternate directorship 8
     
DIRECTORS’ POWERS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
     
14. Directors’ general authority 8
15 Directors may delegate 8
16. Powers of attorney 9
17-21. Borrowing powers 9
22. Accounts and balance sheets 10
23. Committees 10
24. Appointment of secretary 10
     
DECISION-MAKING BY DIRECTORS
     
25. Directors to take decisions collectively 11
25.A. Independent directors considerations. 11
26. Unanimous decisions 11
27. Calling a directors’ meeting 11
28. Participation in directors’ meetings 12
29-30. Quorum for directors’ meetings 12
31. Chairing of directors’ meetings 12
32. Casting vote 12
33. Alternates voting at directors’ meetings 13
34-36. Conflicts of interest 13
37. Defect in appointment 13
38. Records of decisions to be kept 13

 

i

 

 

PART 3
SHARES AND DISTRIBUTIONS SHARES
     
39. Allotment of shares 14
40. Fractional shares 14
41. Payment of shares 14
42-45. Lien 14
46-50. Call of shares 15
51. Powers to issue different classes of share 15
52. Company not bound by less than absolute interests 16
53. Share certificates 16
54. Replacement share certificates 17
55. Share transfers 17
56. Transmission of shares 17
57. Exercise of transmittees’ rights 18
58. Transmittees bound by prior notices 18
59-65. Forfeiture of shares 18-19
66-69. Alteration of capital 19-20
70. Buy back of shares 20
     
DIVIDENDS AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS
     
71. Procedure for declaring dividends 20
72-75. Payment of dividends and other distributions 21
76. No interest on distributions 22
77. Unclaimed distributions 22
78. Dividends in specie 22
79. Waiver of distributions 23
     
CAPITALISATION OF PROFITS
     
80. Authority to capitalise and appropriation of capitalised sums 23
80.A. Pre-Emptive Rights 24
80.B. Transfer and Transmission of Shares 25
80.C. Right of First Offer 25
80.D. Bring Along and Forced Sale 27
80.E. Co-Sale 29
80.F. Transfer of Shares 30
     
PART 4
DECISION-MAKING BY SHAREHOLDERS
   
ORGANISATION OF GENERAL MEETINGS
    32
81-82. Calling of general meetings 33
83-86. Notice of general meetings 33
87. Attendance and speaking at general meetings 33
88-89. Quorum for general meetings 34
90. Chairing general meetings 34
91. Attendance and speaking by directors and non-shareholders 34
92. Adjournment 35

 

ii

 

  

VOTING AT GENERAL MEETINGS
     
93-98. Voting: general 36
99. Errors and disputes 36
100. Poll votes 37
101. Content of proxy notices 37
102-103. Delivery of proxy notices 38
104. Resolution in writing 38
    39
PART 5
ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS
 
105. Place of meetings 39
106. Means of communication to be used 39
107. Company seals 39
108. No right to inspect accounts and other records 40
109. Provision for employees on cessation of business 40
     
PART 6
DIRECTORS’ INDEMNITY AND INSURANCE
 
110-111. Indemnities 40
112. Insurance 41
     
PART 7
WINDING UP AND RE-DOMICLIATION
     
113. Winding up 41
114. Transfer by way of re-domiciliation 41
     
PART 8
DIGITAL SECURITIES
     
115. Tokens 42
     
PART 9
TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES
     
116. Approval of Transaction with Affiliates 42

 

iii

 

 

PART 1

 

INTERPRETATION AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

 

Defined terms and references

 

1.(1) In the articles, unless the context requires otherwise:

 

“Act” shall mean the Companies Act 2014 including any modification or re-enactment thereof.

 

“Affiliate” means a person who, directly or indirectly, Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with a person.

 

“alternate” or “alternate director” has the meaning given in article 11;

 

“appointor” has the meaning given in article 11; “articles” means the company’s articles of association;

 

“bankruptcy” includes individual insolvency proceedings in a jurisdiction other than Gibraltar which have an effect similar to that of bankruptcy;

 

“chairman” has the meaning given in article 31;

 

“chairman of the meeting” has the meaning given in article 90; “company” shall mean “INX Limited”

 

“Control” means the ownership (of record or beneficially) or control of a majority of the voting rights or other voting interests of the entity and/or the ability to appoint or elect a majority of the members of the board of directors (or similar organ) of the entity and/or the ability to direct the operations of the entity.

 

“Deemed Liquidation” means a transaction or a series of related transactions which entails (i) the sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the shares and/or the assets of the company and/or rights over assets, including, without limitation, exclusive perpetual license to all or substantially all of the company’s intellectual property other than in the company’s ordinary course of business; (ii) the consolidation, merger, or reorganization of the company into any other entity, in which the company is not the surviving entity; except, in each case, any transaction in which the shareholders of the company prior to the transaction hold more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding share capital of the company or the surviving company, as applicable, immediately following such transaction (provided, however, that shares of the surviving entity held by shareholders of the company acquired by means other than the exchange or conversion of the shares of this company shall not be used in determining if the shareholders of the company own more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding share capital of the surviving entity (or its parent), but shall be used for determining the total outstanding share capital of the surviving entity).

 

“director” means a director of the company, and includes any person occupying the position of director, by whatever name called;

 

1

 

 

“distribution recipient” means, in respect of a share in respect of which a dividend or other sum is payable:

 

(a)the holder of the share; or
(b)if the share has two or more joint holders, whichever of them is named first in the register of members; or
(c)if the holder is no longer entitled to the share by reason of death or bankruptcy, or otherwise by operation of law, the transmittee; and
(d)any person to which a shareholder assigns his right to receive a dividend or person which the shareholder has instructed the company in writing to pay the dividend to.

 

“document” includes, unless otherwise specified, any document sent or supplied in electronic form;

 

“Eligible Shareholders” any holder of at least five tenths of a percent (0.5%) of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company.

 

“Equity Securities” means any shares of the Company, options, warrants, securities, convertible deeds, convertible notes and loans, and other rights exercisable or convertible into shares of the Company. For the purpose of these articles, tokens shall not be deemed equity securities of the company.

 

“holder” in relation to shares means the person whose name is entered in the register of members as the holder of the shares;

 

“Independent Director” means a director of the Company that qualifies as “independent,” as that terms is defined in both the North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA) Statements of Policy and the UK Corporate Governance Code.

 

“insolvency” means the lawful commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy or insolvency or similar law (whether voluntary or involuntary), by or against the Company, or the appointment of a receiver or liquidator to all or substantially all of the Company’s assets or the making an assignment for the benefit of creditors.

 

“instrument” means a document in hard copy form;

 

“member” means the subscribers of the memorandum of a company and every other person who agrees to become a member of a company, and whose name is entered in its register of members.

 

2

 

 

“New Securities” means any shares, excluding (i) shares issued upon the exercise of options, warrants convertible loans or other rights to purchase shares of the company; (ii) shares and options to purchase shares issued to employees, advisors, service providers, officers or directors of the company, pursuant to company incentive plan(s) or agreements approved (or which may be approved hereafter) by the directors or as otherwise resolved by the directors; (iii) shares issued as part of a Recapitalization Event; (iv) shares issued in any public offering of the company’ssecurities; (v) shares issued as consideration for the acquisition by the company of another business entity or the merger of any business entity with or into the company; (vi) shares issued to a strategic partner(s) or debt facilitator(s), as determined by the directors; (vii) shares constituting no more than 2.5% of the issued share capital of the Company, that the directors have resolved, with a 2/3 majority to exclude from the definition of “New Securities”.

 

“ordinary resolution” has the meaning given in section 200 of the Act;

 

“paid” means paid or credited as paid;

 

“participate”, in relation to a directors’ meeting, has the meaning given in article 28;

 

“Permitted Transferee” means, with respect to a shareholder: (i) such shareholder’s spouse, child, parent or sibling (including step and adopted children, siblings and parents) ancestors or descendants or any trusts for the benefit of a shareholder or such persons; (ii) any person or entity which Controls, is Controlled by or is under common Control with such shareholder (provided, however, that if such person or entity does not remain so Controlled or Controlling, then the shares shall be transferred back to the original shareholder); (iii) if such shareholder is a trustee, the beneficiary or beneficiaries for the benefit of which such shareholder holds the shares; (iv) if such shareholder is a company - such shareholder’s shareholders in the event of the dissolution of such shareholder; (v) if such shareholder is a limited or general partnership - its partners, affiliated partnerships managed by the same management company or managing (general) partner or by an entity which Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, such management company or managing (general) partner and (vi) without limitation to the generality of the foregoing, with respect to any shareholder directly or indirectly controlled by a trust (a “Controlling Trust”), a “Permitted Transferee” of that shareholder includes any beneficiary of such Controlling Trust and any other person (legal or natural) directly or indirectly controlled by, or under common control, with (a) a beneficiary of such Controlling Trust; or (b) a separate trust, with a beneficiary in common with such Controlling Trust.

 

“person” shall, where appropriate, mean any real or legal person;

 

“proxy notice” has the meaning given in article 101;

 

“Recapitalization Event” means any event of share combination or subdivision, distribution of bonus shares or any other similar reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the company’s share capital where the shareholders retain their proportionate holdings in the company.

 

3

 

 

“SEC Effectiveness” means the effectiveness of the Form F-1 Registration Statement prospectus filed by the Company with the Securities Exchange Commission under the US Securities Act of 1933.

 

“shareholder” means a person who is the holder of a share; “shares” means shares in the company;

 

“special resolution” has the meaning given in section 201 of the Act;

 

“subsidiary” has the meaning given in section 2 of the Act;

 

“tokens” means digital securities, commonly known as tokens, recorded on a shared network ledger based on a continuously growing list of records (called “blocks”) and secured using cryptography and that may, among other things, be used to pay for goods and services, entitle the owner to certain rights, or represent other types of assets;

 

“transmittee” means a person entitled to a share by reason of the death or bankruptcy of a shareholder or otherwise by operation of law; and

 

“writing” means the representation or reproduction of words, symbols or other information in a visible form by any method or combination of methods, whether sent or supplied in electronic form or otherwise.

 

(2)Unless the context otherwise requires, other words or expressions contained in these articles bear the same meaning as in the Act as in force on the date when these articles become binding on the company.

 

(3)When any provision of the Act is referred to, the reference is to that provision as modified by any statute for the time being in force.

 

Private company

 

2.The company is a “private company” within the meaning of the Act, and accordingly the following provisions shall have effect:

 

(a)The company shall not offer any of its shares or debentures to the public for subscription; and

 

(b)The right to transfer shares in the company shall be restricted in the manner hereinafter provided.

 

Liability of members

 

3.The liability of the members is limited to the amount, if any, unpaid on the shares held by them.

 

Applicability of standard form memorandum and articles of association

 

4.The form of memorandum and articles of association of a private company limited by shares contained in the Companies Act (Model Memoranda and Articles) Regulations 2014 shall, unless specific reference is made to the contrary in these articles, not apply to the company.

 

4

 

 

PART 2

 

OFFICERS

 

First directors and secretary

 

5.(1) The number of directors and the names of the first directors shall be determined in writing by the majority of the subscribers of the memorandum of association of the company.

 

(2)Line Secretaries Limited is unanimously appointed from the date of incorporation as the first secretary of the company by the subscribers of the memorandum of association of the company.

 

APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTORS

 

Methods of appointing directors

 

6.(1) Any person who is willing to act as a director, and is permitted by law to do so, may be appointed to be a director:

 

(a)by ordinary resolution. or

 

(b)by a decision of the directors. or

 

(c)Notwithstanding the above and Article 8 below. until immediately prior to the SEC Effectiveness and subject thereto, 6 members shall be nominated and removed by each holder of 15% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company; and one member shall be a market expert to be nominated and removed by Shy Datika. For the purpose of this article, shareholdings may be aggregated.

 

Commencing as of the SEC Effectiveness and subject thereto, the Company shall maintain a board of directors with a majority of independent directors.

 

(2)In any case where, as a result of death, the company has no shareholders and no directors, the personal representatives of the last shareholder to have died have the right, by notice in writing, to appoint a person to be a director.

 

(3)For the purposes of paragraph (2), where 2 or more shareholders die in circumstances rendering it uncertain who was the last to die, a younger shareholder is deemed to have survived an older shareholder.

 

5

 

 

Termination of director’s appointment

 

7.A person ceases to be a director as soon as:

 

(a)that person ceases to be a director by virtue of any provision of the Act or of the Insolvency Act 2011 or is prohibited from being a director by law;

 

(b)a bankruptcy order is made against that person;

 

(c)if he is absent from the meetings of the directors for six months without the leave of the other directors or a majority of the other directors;

 

(d)a registered medical practitioner who is treating that person gives a written opinion to the company stating that that person has become physically or mentally incapable of acting as a director and may remain so for more than three months;

 

(e)notification is received by the company from the director that the director is resigning from office, and such resignation has taken effect in accordance with its terms;

 

(f)if he becomes prohibited by law from acting as a Director; and

 

(g)if he is removed from office under the provisions of article 8.

 

Removal of directors

 

8.The company may, by ordinary resolution of which special notice has been given, or by special resolution, remove any director from office, notwithstanding any provisions of these presents or of any agreement between the company and such director, but without prejudice to any claim he may make for damages for breach of such agreement. The company may, by ordinary resolution, appoint another person to be a director in the place of a director so removed from office. In default of such appointment the vacancy so arising may be filled by the directors as a casual vacancy.

 

Directors’ remuneration

 

9.(1) Directors may undertake any services for the company that the directors decide.

 

(2)Directors may be entitled to such remuneration as the directors determine:

 

(a)for their services to the company as directors, and

 

(b)for any other service which they undertake for the company.

 

(3)Subject to the articles, a director’s remuneration may:

 

(a)take any form, and

 

(b)include any arrangements in connection with the payment of a pension, allowance or gratuity, or any death, sickness or disability benefits, to or in respect of that director.

 

(4)Unless the directors decide otherwise, directors’ remuneration accrues from day to day.

 

(5)Unless the directors decide otherwise, directors are not accountable to the company for any remuneration which they receive as directors or other officers or employees of the company’s subsidiaries or of any other body corporate in which the company is interested.

 

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Directors’ expenses

 

10.The company may pay any reasonable expenses which the directors properly incur in connection with their attendance at:

 

(a)meetings of directors or committees of directors,

 

(b)general meetings, or

 

(c)separate meetings of the holders of any class of shares or of debentures of the company, or otherwise in connection with the exercise of their powers and the discharge of their responsibilities in relation to the company.

 

ALTERNATE DIRECTORS

 

Appointment and removal of alternates

 

11.(1) Any director (the “appointor”) may appoint as an alternate any other director, or any other person approved by resolution of the directors, to:

 

(a)exercise that director’s powers, and

 

(b)carry out that director’s responsibilities, in relation to the taking of decisions by the directors in the absence of the alternate’s appointor.

 

(2)Any appointment or removal of an alternate must be effected by notice in writing to the company signed by the appointor, or in any other manner approved by the directors.

 

(3)The notice must:

 

(a)identify the proposed alternate, and

 

(b)in the case of a notice of appointment, contain a statement signed by the proposed alternate that the proposed alternate is willing to act as the alternate of the director giving the notice.

 

Rights and responsibilities of alternate directors

 

12.(1) An alternate director has the same rights, in relation to any directors’ meeting or directors’ written resolution, as the alternate’s appointor.

 

(2)Except as the articles specify otherwise, alternate directors:

 

(a)are deemed for all purposes to be directors;

 

(b)are liable for their own acts and omissions;

 

(c)are subject to the same restrictions as their appointors; and

 

(d)are not deemed to be agents of or for their appointors.

 

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(3)A person who is an alternate director but not a director:

 

(a)may be counted as participating for the purposes of determining whether a quorum is participating (but only if that person’s appointor is not participating), and

 

(b)may sign a written resolution (but only if it is not signed or to be signed by that person’s appointor).

 

No alternate may be counted as more than one director for such purposes.

 

(4)An alternate director is not entitled to receive any remuneration from the company for serving as an alternate director except such part of the alternate’s appointor’s remuneration as the appointor may direct by notice in writing made to the company.

 

Termination of alternate directorship

 

13.An alternate director’s appointment as an alternate terminates:

 

(a)when the alternate’s appointor revokes the appointment by notice to the company in writing specifying when it is to terminate;

 

(b)on the occurrence in relation to the alternate of any event which, if it occurred in relation to the alternate’s appointor, would result in the termination of the appointor’s appointment as a director;

 

(c)on the death of the alternate’s appointor; or

 

(d)when the alternate’s appointor’s appointment as a director terminates, except that an alternate’s appointment as an alternate does not terminate when the appointor retires by rotation at a general meeting and is then re-appointed as a director at the same general meeting.

 

DIRECTORS’ POWERS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

 

Directors’ general authority

 

14.Subject to the articles, the directors are responsible for the management of the company’s business, for which purpose they may exercise all the powers of the company.

 

Directors may delegate

 

15.Subject to the articles, the directors may delegate any of the powers which are conferred on them under the articles:

 

(a)to such person or committee;

 

(b)by such means (including by power of attorney);

 

(c)to such an extent;

 

(d)in relation to such matters or territories; and

 

(e)on such terms and conditions;

 

as they think fit.

 

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Powers of attorney

 

16.Every power of attorney granted by the company pursuant to article 155(b) must be executed as a deed and must make clear on its face that it is intended to be a deed.

 

Borrowing Powers

 

17.The directors may exercise all the powers of the company to: borrow money, and to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and uncalled capital or any part thereof, and to give guarantee and to issue debentures, debenture stock and other equity securities whether outright or as a security for any debt, liability or obligations of the company or of any third party.

 

18.The directors may borrow or raise any such moneys upon or by the issue or sale of any bonds, debentures, debenture stock, or equity securities, and upon such terms as to time of repayment, rate of interest, price of issue or sale, payment of premium or bonus upon redemption or repayment or otherwise as they may think proper, including a right for the holders of bonds debentures, debenture stock or equity securities to exchange the same for shares in the company or any class authorised to be issued.

 

19.Subject to the provisions contained in these articles, the directors may secure or provide for the payment of any moneys to be borrowed or raised by a mortgage of, or charge upon, all or any part of the undertaking or property of the company, both present and future, and confer upon any mortgagees or persons in whom any debenture, debenture stock or security is vested such rights and powers as they think necessary or expedient, and they may vest any property of the company in trustees for the purpose of securing any moneys so borrowed or raised and confer upon the trustees or any debenture holders such rights and powers as the directors may think necessary or expedient in relation to the undertaking or property of the company, or the management or the realisation thereof, or the making, receiving or enforcing of calls upon the members in respect of unpaid capital and otherwise and may make and issue debentures to trustees for the purpose of further securities and any such trustee may be remunerated.

 

20.The directors may give security for the payment of moneys payable by the company in like manner as for the payment of money borrowed or raised.

 

21.The directors shall cause a proper register to be kept in accordance with the Act of all mortgages and charges specifically affecting the property of the company and shall keep a copy of every instrument creating a charge at the company’s registered office and shall duly comply with the requirements of the Act in relation to any security given by the company.

 

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Accounts and balance sheets

 

22.(1) The directors shall cause to be kept proper books of account with respect to:

 

(a)all sums of money received and expended by the company and all bills and receipts and other matters in respect of which the receipt and expenditure takes place;

 

(b)all the work and operations and purchases and sales of goods by the company; and

 

(c)the assets and liabilities of the company;

 

(2)The books of account shall be kept at the registered office of the company, or at such other place as the directors think fit, and shall at all times be open to inspection by the directors.

 

(3)An auditor shall be appointed and duties regulated in accordance with the Act.

 

(4)The directors shall, in accordance with the Act, cause to be made out in every year and to be laid before the company in general meeting a balance sheet and profit and loss account to be decided upon by the directors, and made up to a date within nine months of the day of the meeting.

 

(5)The directors shall, in respect of each financial year, deliver to the Registrar of Companies annual accounts:

 

(a)within 18 months from the first anniversary of the incorporation of the company; or

 

(b)within 13 months after the end of the relevant financial year,

 

(6)The annual accounts supplied in accordance with sub- article (5) shall be signed by two directors, or, if there is only one director, by that director.

 

Committees

 

23.(1) Committees to which the directors delegate any of their powers must follow procedures which are based as far as they are applicable on those provisions of the articles which govern the taking of decisions by directors.

 

(2)The directors may make rules of procedure for all or any committees, which prevail over rules derived from the articles if they are not consistent with them.

 

Appointment of Secretary

 

24.Subject to the provisions of the Act, the secretary shall be appointed by the directors for such term, at such remuneration and upon such conditions as they may think fit; and any secretary so appointed may be removed by them.

 

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DECISION-MAKING BY DIRECTORS

 

Directors to take decisions collectively

 

25.(1) As a general rule any decision of the directors must be either a majority decision at a meeting or a decision taken in accordance with article 26.

 

(2)If:

 

(a)the company only has one director, and

 

(b)no provision of the articles requires it to have more than one director,

 

the general rule does not apply, and the director may take decisions without regard to any of the provisions of the articles relating to directors’ decision-making.

 

Independent directors considerations

 

25A.In addition to any obligation, duty or consideration imposed on them by law, independent directors shall be required to consider the interests of the token holders in determining whether to approve or disapprove of the following events:

 

(1)a transaction with an Affiliate;

 

(2)a Deemed Liquidation; and

 

(3)an Insolvency.

 

Unanimous decisions

 

26.(1) A decision of the directors is taken in accordance with this article when all eligible directors indicate to each other by any means that they share a common view on a matter.

 

(2)Such a decision shall be recorded as a resolution in writing, copies of which have been signed by each eligible director.

 

(3)References in this article to eligible directors are to directors who would have been entitled to vote on the matter had it been proposed as a resolution at a directors’ meeting.

 

(4)A decision may not be taken in accordance with this article if the eligible directors would not have formed a quorum at such a meeting.

 

Calling a directors’ meeting

 

27.(1) Any director may call a directors’ meeting by giving notice of the meeting to the directors or by authorising the company secretary (if any) to give such notice.

 

(2)Notice of any directors’ meeting must indicate:

 

(a)its proposed date and time;

 

(b)where it is to take place; and

 

(c)if it is anticipated that directors participating in the meeting will not be in the same place, how it is proposed that they should communicate with each other during the meeting.

 

(3)Notice of a directors’ meeting must be given to each director, but need not be in writing.

 

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Participation in directors’ meetings

 

28.(1) Directors participate in a directors’ meeting, or part of a directors’ meeting, when:

 

(a)the meeting has been called and takes place in accordance with article 27, and

 

(b)they can each communicate to the others any information or opinions they have on any particular item of the business of the meeting.

 

(2)If all the directors participating in a meeting are not in the same place, they may decide that the meeting is to be treated as taking place wherever any of them is.

 

Quorum for directors’ meetings

 

29.(1) At a directors’ meeting, unless a quorum is participating, no proposal is to be voted on, except a proposal to call another meeting.

 

(2)The quorum for directors’ meetings may be fixed from time to time by a decision of the directors, and unless so fixed shall when the number of directors is two or exceeds two, be two, and when the number of directors is one, be one.

 

30.The continuing directors may act notwithstanding any vacancy in their body, but, if and so long as their number is reduced below the number fixed by or pursuant to the articles of the company as the necessary quorum of directors, the continuing directors may act for the purpose of increasing the number of directors to that number, or of summoning a general meeting of the company, but for no other purpose.

 

Chairing of directors’ meetings

 

31.(1) The directors may appoint a director to chair their meetings.

 

(2)The person so appointed for the time being is known as the chairman.

 

(3)The directors may terminate the chairman’s appointment at any time.

 

(4)If the chairman is not participating in a directors’ meeting within fifteen minutes of the time at which it was to start, the participating directors must appoint one of themselves to chair it.

 

(5)Director’s meetings shall be deemed to be held where the chairman is located.

 

Casting vote

 

32.(1) If the numbers of votes for and against a proposal are equal, the chairman or other director chairing the meeting has a casting vote.

 

(2)Sub-article (1) does not apply if, in accordance with the articles, the chairman or other director is not to be counted as participating in the decision-making process for quorum or voting purposes.

 

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Alternates voting at directors’ meetings

 

33.A director who is also an alternate director has an additional vote on behalf of each appointor who is:

 

(a)not participating in a directors’ meeting, and

 

(b)would have been entitled to vote if they were participating in it.

 

Conflicts of interest

 

34.A director who is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or proposed contract (being a contract of significance in relation to the company’s business) with the company shall, if his interest in the contract or proposed contract is material, declare the nature of his interest at a meeting of the directors in accordance with the Act.

 

35.A director, having declared the nature of his interest at the meeting of the directors, may vote in respect of the matter in which he is so interested and may count in the quorum of that meeting.

 

36.A director, notwithstanding his interest, may be counted in the quorum present at any meeting whereat he or any other director is appointed to hold any such office or place of profit under the company or whereat the terms of any such appointment are arranged, and he may vote on any such appointment or arrangement other than his own appointment or the arrangement of the terms thereof.

 

Defect in appointment

 

37.All acts done by any meeting of the directors or of a committee of directors, or by any person acting as a director, shall notwithstanding that it be afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of any such director or person acting as aforesaid, or that they or any of them were disqualified, be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointed and was qualified to be a director.

 

Records of decisions to be kept

 

38.The directors must ensure that the company keeps a record, in writing, for at least 6 years from the date of the decision recorded, of every unanimous or majority decision taken by the directors.

 

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PART 3

 

SHARES AND DISTRIBUTIONS SHARES

 

Allotment of shares

 

39.The shares of the company shall be allotted by the directors to such persons at such times and upon such terms and conditions and either at a premium or at par as they think fit.

 

Fractional shares

 

40.The company may not issue fractional shares except as otherwise provided in article 52.

 

Payment of shares

 

41.(1) Shares of the company need not be fully-paid up.

 

(2)Shares of the company may only be issued at a discount in accordance with the provisions of the Act.

 

Lien

 

42.(1) The company shall have a lien on every share (not being a fully-paid share) for all moneys (whether presently payable or not) called or payable at a fixed time in respect of that share, and the company shall also have a lien on all shares (other than fully-paid shares) standing registered in the name of a single person for all moneys presently payable by him or his estate to the company; but the directors may at any time declare any share to be wholly or in part exempt from the provisions of this regulation.

 

(2)The company’s lien (if any) on a share shall extend to all dividends payable thereon.

 

43.The company may sell, in such manner as the directors think fit, any shares on which the company has a lien where:

 

(a)some sum in respect of which the lien exists is presently payable;

 

(b)a notice in writing has been given to the registered holder of the shares (or the person entitled thereto by reason of his death or bankruptcy) stating and demanding payment of such part of the amount in respect of which the lien exists; and

 

(c)fourteen days have passed since the notice was given to the registered holder.

 

44.(1) For giving effect to any such sale the directors may authorise some person to transfer the shares sold to the purchaser thereof.

 

(2)The purchaser shall be registered as the holder of the shares comprised in any such transfer and he shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money, nor shall his title to the shares be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings in reference to the sale.

 

45.The proceeds of the sale shall be received by the company and applied in payment of such part of the amount in respect of which the lien exists as is presently payable, and the residue shall (subject to a like lien for sums not presently payable as existed upon the shares prior to the sale) be paid to the person entitled to the shares at the date of the sale.

 

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Calls of shares

 

46.The directors may from time to time make calls upon the members in respect of any moneys unpaid on their shares provided that no call shall exceed one-fourth of the nominal amount of the share, or be payable less than one month from the last call; and each member shall (subject to receiving at least fourteen days’ notice specifying the time or times of payment) pay to the company at the time or times so specified the amount called on his shares.

 

47.The joint holders of a share shall be jointly and severally liable to pay all calls in respect thereof.

 

48.If a sum called in respect of a share is not paid before or on the day appointed for payment thereof, the person from whom the sum is due shall pay interest upon the sum at such rate as may be prescribed by the directors from the day appointed for the payment thereof to the time of the actual payment, but the directors shall be at liberty to waive payment of that interest wholly or in part.

 

49.The provisions of these articles as to the liability of joint holders and as to payment of interest shall apply in the case of non- payment of any sum which, by the terms of issue of a share, becomes payable at a fixed time, whether on account of the amount of the share, or by way of premium, as if the same had become payable by virtue of a call duly made and notified.

 

50.The directors may make arrangements on the issue of shares for difference between the holders in the amount of calls to be paid and in times of payment.

 

Powers to issue different classes of shares

 

51.(1) Subject to the articles, but without prejudice to the rights attached to any existing share, the company may authorise the directors to issue shares with such rights or restrictions as may be determined by ordinary resolution.

 

(2)The company may authorise the issuance of shares which are to be redeemed, or are liable to be redeemed at the option of the company or the holder, and the directors may determine the terms, conditions and manner of redemption of any such shares.

 

(3)All shares created pursuant to this article 51 shall be:

 

(a)subject to all the provisions of these articles, including without limitation provisions relating to payment of calls, lien, forfeiture, transfer and transmission;

 

(b)subject to any right granted by the Company to the token holders; and

 

(c)ordinary shares, unless otherwise provided by these articles in which case the articles shall also reflect such rights or restrictions as are applicable to said shares.

 

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Company not bound by less than absolute interests

 

52.Whenever any fractions arise as a result of a consolidation or sub- division of shares, the directors may on behalf of the members deal with the fractions as they think fit. In particular, without limitation, the directors may sell shares representing fractions to which any shareholder would otherwise become entitled to any person including (subject to the provisions of the Act) the company and distribute the net proceeds of sale in due proportion among those members. Where the shares to be sold are held in certificated form the directors may authorise some person to execute an instrument of transfer of the shares to, or in accordance with, the directions of the buyer. Where the shares to be sold are held in uncertificated form, the directors may do all acts and things he considers necessary or expedient to effect the transfer of the shares to, or in accordance with, the directions of the buyer. The buyer shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase moneys and his title to the shares shall not be affected by any irregularity in, or invalidity of, the proceedings in relation to the sale.

 

Share certificates

 

53.(1) The company must issue each shareholder, free of charge, with one or more certificates in respect of the shares which that shareholder holds.

 

(2)Every certificate must specify:

 

(a)in respect of how many shares it is issued;

 

(b)in respect of which class of shares the issued shares belong;

 

(c)the nominal value of those shares; and

 

(d)any distinguishing numbers assigned to them.

 

(3)No certificate may be issued in respect of shares of more than one class.

 

(4)If more than one person holds a share, only one certificate may be issued in respect of it.

 

(5)Certificates must:

 

(a)have affixed to them the company’s common seal, or

 

(b)be otherwise executed in accordance with the Act.

 

(6)Each certificate shall be kept at the registered office of the company unless it is requested by the relevant shareholder or unless it is given to a lender or other financial institution as part of a security package.

 

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Replacement share certificates

 

54.(1) If a certificate issued in respect of a shareholder’s shares is:

 

(a)damaged or defaced, or

 

(b)said to be lost, stolen or destroyed, that shareholder is entitled to be issued with a replacement certificate in respect of the same shares.

 

(2)A shareholder exercising the right to be issued with such a replacement certificate:

 

(a)may at the same time exercise the right to be issued with a single certificate or separate certificates;

 

(b)must return the certificate which is to be replaced to the company if it is damaged or defaced; and

 

(c)must comply with such conditions as to evidence, indemnity and the payment of a reasonable fee as the directors decide.

 

Share transfers

 

55.(1) Shares may be transferred by means of an instrument of transfer in any usual form or any other form approved by the directors, which is executed by or on behalf of the transferor.

 

(2)The company may retain any instrument of transfer which is registered.

 

(3)The transferor remains the holder of a share until the transferee’s name is entered in the register of members as holder of it.

 

(4)The directors may refuse to register the transfer of a share, and if they do so, the instrument of transfer must be returned to the transferee with the notice of refusal unless they suspect that the proposed transfer may be fraudulent.

 

(5)The transferee shall acknowledge in writing and consent to their receipt of the transferred shares and shall inform the secretary of such acknowledgement.

 

Transmission of shares

 

56.(1) If title to a share passes to a transmittee, the company may only recognise the transmittee as having any title to that share.

 

(2)A transmittee who produces such evidence of entitlement to shares as the directors may properly require:

 

(a)may, subject to the articles, choose either to become the holder of those shares or to have them transferred to another person, and

 

(b)subject to the articles, and pending any transfer of the shares to another person, has the same rights as the holder had.

 

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(3)The transmittee shall be entitled to the same dividends and other advantages to which he would be entitled if he were the registered holder of the shares, but he shall not have the right to attend or vote at a general meeting, or agree to a proposed written resolution, in respect of shares to which they are entitled, by reason of the holder’s death or bankruptcy or otherwise, unless they become the holders of those shares.

 

(4)In the case of a share registered in the names of two or more holders, the survivors or survivor, or the legal personal representatives of the deceased survivor, shall be the only persons recognised by the company as having any title to the share.

 

Exercise of transmittees’ rights

 

57.(1) Transmittees who wish to become the holders of shares to which they have become entitled must notify the company in writing of that wish.

 

(2)If the transmittee wishes to have a share transferred to another person, the transmittee must execute an instrument of transfer in respect of it.

 

(3)The directors shall, in either case set out in sub-article (1) and sub-article (2) above, have the same right to decline or suspend registration as they would have had in the case of a transfer of the share by the deceased or bankrupt person before the death or bankruptcy.

 

(4)Any transfer made or executed under this article is to be treated as if it were made or executed by the person from whom the transmittee has derived rights in respect of the share, and as if the event which gave rise to the transmission had not occurred.

 

Transmittees bound by prior notices

 

58.If a notice is given to a shareholder in respect of shares and a transmittee is entitled to those shares, the transmittee is bound by the notice if it was given to the shareholder before the transmittee’s name has been entered in the register of members.

 

Forfeiture of shares

 

59.If a member fails to pay any call or instalment of a call on the day appointed for payment thereof, the directors may, at any time thereafter during such time as any part of such call or instalment remains unpaid, serve a notice on him requiring payment of so much of the call or instalment as is unpaid, together with any interest which may have accrued.

 

60.The notice shall name a further day (not earlier than the expiration of fourteen days from the date of the notice) on or before which the payment required by the notice is to be made, and shall state that in the event of non-payment at or before the time appointed the shares in respect of which the call was made will be liable to be forfeited.

 

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61.If the requirements of any such notice as aforesaid are not complied with, any share in respect of which the notice has been given may at any time thereafter, before the payment required by the notice has been made, be forfeited by a resolution of the directors to that effect.

 

62.A forfeited share may be sold or otherwise disposed of on such terms and in such manner as the directors think fit, and at any time before a sale or disposition the forfeiture may be cancelled on such terms as the directors think fit.

 

63.A person whose shares have been forfeited shall cease to be a member in respect of the forfeited shares, but shall, notwithstanding, remain liable to pay to the company all moneys which at the date of forfeiture, were presently payable by him to the company in respect of the shares, but his liability shall cease if and when the company receive payment in full of the nominal amount of the shares.

 

64.(1) A statutory declaration in writing that the declarant is a director of the company, and that a share in the company has been duly forfeited on a date stated in the declaration, shall be conclusive evidence of the facts therein stated as against all persons claiming to be entitled to the share.

 

(2)The company may receive the consideration (if any) given for the share on any sale or disposition thereof and may execute a transfer of the share in favour of the person to whom the share is sold or disposed of and he shall thereupon be registered as the holder of the share, and shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money (if any) nor shall his title to the share be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings in reference to the forfeiture, sale or disposal of the share.

 

65.The provisions of these articles as to forfeiture shall apply in the case of non-payment of any sum which, by the terms of issue of a share, becomes payable.

 

Alteration of Capital

 

66.The company may from time to time by ordinary resolution increase the share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such amount, as the resolution shall prescribe.

 

67.The new shares shall be subject to the same provisions with reference to the payment of calls, lien, transfer, transmission, forfeiture and otherwise as the shares in the original share capital.

 

68.The company may by ordinary resolution in a general meeting:

 

(a)increase its share capital by authorising new shares of such value and of such class as it thinks expedient;

 

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(b)consolidate and divide all or any of its share capital into shares of larger amount than its existing shares;

 

(c)re-classify all or any of its share capital;

 

(d)convert all or any of its paid-up shares into stock, and reconvert that stock into paid-up shares of any denomination;

 

(e)subdivide any of its shares into shares of smaller amount than is fixed by its constitution (ensuring that in the sub- division the proportion of the amount paid and unpaid on each reduced share shall be the same as the share from which the reduced shares are derived);

 

(f)cancel shares which have not, at the date of the passing of the resolution, been taken or agreed to be taken by any person, and diminish the amount of its share capital by the amount so cancelled. A cancellation of shares in pursuance of this sub-article shall not be deemed to be a reduction of share capital within the meaning of this Act.

 

69.The company may by special resolution reduce its share capital and any capital redemption reserve fund in any manner and with, and subject to, any incident authorised, and consent required, by law.

 

Buy back of shares

 

70.The company shall have the authority, in accordance with the provisions of sections 105 to 116 of the Act (or the relevant sections contained in any modification or re-enactment thereof), to purchase its own shares (including any redeemable shares) in issue.

 

DIVIDENDS AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS

 

Procedure for declaring dividends

 

71.(1)The company may by ordinary resolution, on the recommendation of the directors, declare dividends.

 

(2)A dividend must not be declared unless the directors have made a recommendation as to its amount. Such a dividend must not exceed the amount recommended by the directors.

 

(3)No dividend may be declared or paid unless it is in accordance with shareholders’ respective rights.

 

(4)Unless the shareholders’ resolution to declare or directors’ decision to pay a dividend, or the terms on which shares are issued, specify otherwise, it must be paid by reference to each shareholder’s holding of shares on the date of the resolution or decision to declare or pay it.

 

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(5)If the company’s share capital is divided into different classes, no interim dividend may be paid on shares carrying deferred or non-preferred rights if, at the time of payment, any preferential dividend is in arrears.

 

(6)The directors may from time to time pay to the members such interim dividends as appear to the directors to be justified by the profits of the company having regard to the company’s up to date management accounts and, where these are not available, the current financial position of the company.

 

(7)Notice of any dividend declared shall be given to each shareholder.

 

(8)If the directors act in good faith, they do not incur any liability to the holders of shares conferring preferred rights for any loss they may suffer by the lawful payment of an interim dividend on shares with deferred or non-preferred rights.

 

Payment of dividends and other distributions

 

72.No dividend shall be paid otherwise than out of profits.

 

73.The directors may, before recommending any dividend, set aside out of the profits of the company such sums as they think proper as a reserve or reserves which shall, at the discretion of the directors, be applicable for meeting contingencies, or for equalising dividends, or for any other purpose to which the profits of the company may be properly applied, and pending such application may, at the like discretion either be employed in the business of the company, or be invested in such investments (other than shares of the company) as the directors may from time to time think fit.

 

74.If several persons are registered as joint holders of any share, any one of them may give effectual receipts for any dividend or other moneys payable on or in respect of the share.

 

75.Where a dividend or other sum which is a distribution is payable in respect of a share, it must be paid by one or more of the following means:

 

(a)transfer to a bank or building society account specified by the distribution recipient either in writing or as the directors may otherwise decide;

 

(b)sending a cheque made payable to the distribution recipient by post to the distribution recipient at the distribution recipient’s registered address (if the distribution recipient is a holder of the share), or (in any other case) to an address specified by the distribution recipient either in writing or as the directors may otherwise decide;

 

(c)sending a cheque made payable to such person by post to such person at such address as the distribution recipient has specified either in writing or as the directors may otherwise decide; or

 

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(d)any other means of payment as the directors agree withthe distribution recipient either in writing or by such other means as the directors decide.

 

No interest on distributions

 

76.The company may not pay interest on any dividend or other sum payable in respect of a share unless otherwise provided by:

 

(a)the terms on which the share was issued, or

 

(b)the provisions of another agreement between the holder of that share and the company.

 

Unclaimed distributions

 

77.(1)All dividends or other sums which are:

 

(a)payable in respect of shares, and

 

(b)unclaimed after having been declared or become payable,

 

may be invested or otherwise made use of by the directors for the benefit of the company until claimed.

 

(2)The payment of any such dividend or other sum into a separate account does not make the company a trustee in respect of it.

 

(3)If:

 

(a)six years have passed from the date on which a dividend or other sum became due for payment, and

 

(b)the distribution recipient has not claimed it,

 

the distribution recipient is no longer entitled to that dividend or other sum and it ceases to remain owing by the company.

 

Dividends in specie

 

78.(1)Subject to the terms of issue of the share in question, the company may, by ordinary resolution on the recommendation of the directors, decide to pay all or part of a dividend or other distribution payable in respect of a share by transferring non-cash assets of equivalent value (including, without limitation, shares or other equity securities in any company).

 

(2)For the purposes of paying a non-cash distribution, the directors may make whatever arrangements they think fit, including, where any difficulty arises regarding the distribution:

 

(a)fixing the value of any assets;

 

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(b)paying cash to any distribution recipient on the basis of that value in order to adjust the rights of recipients; and

 

(c)vesting any assets in trustees.

 

(3)In calculating the value of the proposed non-cash distribution the directors shall have regard to the book value of the assets calculated by reference to the latest accounts of the company.

 

Waiver of distributions

 

79.Distribution recipients may waive their entitlement to a dividend or other distribution payable in respect of a share by deed of waiver and by giving notice in writing to the company to that effect, but if:

 

(a)the share has more than one holder, or

 

(b)more than one person is entitled to the share, whether by reason of the death or bankruptcy of one or more joint holders, or otherwise,

 

the notice is not effective unless it is expressed to be given, and signed, by all the holders or persons otherwise entitled to the share.

 

CAPITALISATION OF PROFITS

 

Authority to capitalise and appropriation of capitalised sums

 

80.(1)Subject to the articles, the directors may, if they are so authorised by an ordinary resolution:

 

(a)decide to capitalise any profits of the company (whether or not they are available for distribution) which are not required for paying a preferential dividend, or any sum standing to the credit of the company’s share premium account or capital redemption reserve; and

 

(b)appropriate any sum which they so decide to capitalise (a “capitalised sum”) to the persons who would have been entitled to it if it were distributed by way of dividend (the “persons entitled”) and in the same proportions.

 

(2)Capitalised sums must be applied:

 

(a)on behalf of the persons entitled, and

 

(b)in the same proportions as a dividend would have been distributed to them.

 

(3)Any capitalised sum may be applied in paying up new shares of a nominal amount equal to the capitalised sum which are then allotted credited as fully paid to the persons entitled or as they may direct.

 

(4)A capitalised sum which was appropriated from profits available for distribution may be applied in paying up new debentures of the company which are then allotted credited as fully paid to the persons entitled or as they may direct.

 

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(5)Subject to the articles the directors may:

 

(a)apply capitalised sums in accordance with paragraphs (3) and (4) partly in one way and partly in another;

 

(b)make such arrangements as they think fit to deal with shares or debentures; and

 

(c)authorise any person to enter into an agreement with the company on behalf of any interested persons in respect of the allotment of shares and debentures to them under this article. Any such agreement shall be binding on all interested persons.

 

80.A.Pre-Emptive Rights

 

Until immediately prior to the SEC Effectiveness and subject thereto, each Eligible Shareholder shall have a pre-emptive right to purchase its pro-rata portion, or any part thereof, of any New Securities that the company may, from time to time, propose to sell and issue.

 

(a)The Eligible Shareholder’s pro-rata portion shall be the ratio of the number of shares of the company held by such Eligible Shareholder as of the date of the Rights Notice (as defined below), to the aggregate number of shares held by all Eligible Shareholders as of such date.

 

(b)If the company proposes to issue New Securities, it shall deliver to the Eligible Shareholders written notice thereof (the “Rights Notice”) stating its bona fide intention to offer such New Securities, describing the New Securities, the price thereof, the general terms upon which the company proposes to issue them, and the number of New Securities that the Eligible Shareholder has the right to purchase under this Article (or the aggregate purchase price payable therefor). Each Eligible Shareholder shall then be entitled to notify the company, by written notice received by the company within fourteen (14) days after receipt of the Rights Notice by such Eligible Shareholder, of the number of New Securities it wishes to purchase or obtain (or the aggregate purchase price it wishes to infuse), at the price and on the terms specified in the Rights Notice.

 

(c)If any Eligible Shareholder fails to provide the company its notice as aforesaid within fourteen (14) days, then such Eligible Shareholder shall be deemed to have waived its pre-emptive right pursuant to this Article.

 

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(d)If the Eligible Shareholders fail to exercise in full their pre- emptive right within the period or periods specified in sub-article (c) above, then the company may, during then ninety (90) day period following the expiration of the fourteen (14) days’ period, offer New Securities unsubscribed for by the Eligible Shareholders to any person or persons at a price not less than, and upon terms no more favourable to the offeree than those specified in the Rights Notice. If the company does not consummate the sale of the New Securities within such period, the right provided hereunder shall be deemed to be revived and such New Securities shall not be offered unless first re-offered to the Eligible Shareholders in accordance herewith.
   
(e)The pre-emptive right granted to the Eligible Shareholders under this Article is non-transferable other than in conjunction with the Transfer of by such shareholder in accordance with the provisions of these Articles.

 

(f)The provisions set forth in this Article shall terminate and be of no further force or effect (i) immediately prior to the SEC Effectiveness and subject thereto, or upon a Deemed Liquidation, whichever event occurs first.

 

80.B.Transfer and Transmission of Shares

 

Any assignment, transfer, pledge, conveyance, hypothecating or other disposal or encumbrance (each, a “Transfer”) of shares, will be subject to the approval of the directors, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed, and no transfer shall have any legal effect without such consent.

 

80.C.Right of First Offer

 

(a)Except for Transfers to Permitted Transferees, in connection with Article 80.F. below and in connection with the purchase by the company of its shares, until immediately prior to the SEC Effectiveness and subject thereto, any shareholder wishing to Transfer its shares, or any number thereof (the “Selling Shareholder’ and the “Offered Shares”, respectively), must first offer the Offered Shares to each Eligible Shareholder (the “Offerees”).

 

(b)The Selling Shareholder shall give notice (the “Offer Notice”) to each Eligible Shareholder, stating (i) its bona fide intention to offer such Offered Shares, (ii) the number of such Offered Shares to be offered, and (ii) the price and terms, if any, upon which it proposes to offer such Offered Shares.

 

(c)Subject to the provisions of sub-article (f) below, each Offeree shall be entitled to purchase its Proportional Part of the Offered Shares, or any portion thereof, at the price and under the conditions stated in the Offer Notice, within fourteen days (14) of its receipt (the “Notice Period”), by giving written notice of his wish to do so to the Selling Shareholder, with a copy to the Company (the “Response Notice”).

 

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(d)Each Offeree shall also be entitled to purchase Offered Shares that are not purchased by the other Offerees, by so indicating in the Response Notice. If the Response Notices, in the aggregate, are in respect of more than the Offered Shares, then the accepting Offerees shall be cut back with respect to their oversubscriptions, on a pro- rata basis between them in proportion to their respective Proportional Parts, until full allocation of the subscribed Offered Shares (which shall not exceed, per each accepting Offeree, the number of Offered Shares indicated in his Response Notice).

 

The “Proportional Part” of each Eligible Shareholder for the purposes hereof shall equal the number of aggregate Offered Shares multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares then held by such Offeree and the denominator of which is the aggregate number of shares then held by all Offerees.

 

(e)The Response Notice shall, when taken in conjunction with the offer as set forth in the Offer Notice, be deemed to constitute a valid, legally binding and enforceable agreement for the sale and purchase of such Offered Shares.

 

(f)If a Response Notice has not been given by an Offeree within the Notice Period, then such Offeree shall be deemed to have waived its right of first offer pursuant to this Article 80.C.

 

(g)Upon expiration of the Notice Period, subject to the provisions of Article 80.F.

 

i.If the Response Notices, in the aggregate, are in respect of all of, or more than, the Offered Shares, then the Offerees who sent such Response Notices shall acquire the Offered Shares, on the terms aforementioned, at a closing that shall take place within seven (7) days following the approval of the board of directors of the Transfer in accordance with Article 80.B. above (or any such later date as shall be agreed upon between the parties).

 

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ii.If all Offered Shares referred to in the Offer Notice are not elected to be purchased or acquired as provided above, the Selling Shareholder may, during the ninety (90) day period following the expiration of the Notice Period, offer and sell the remaining unsubscribed portion of such Offered Shares to any Person or Persons at a price not less than, and upon terms no more favourable to the offeree than, those specified in the Offer Notice. If the Selling Shareholder does not enter into an agreement for the sale of the Offered Shraes within such period, or if such agreement is not consummated within thirty (30) days of the execution thereof, the right provided hereunder shall be deemed to be revived and such Offered Shares shall not be offered unless first reoffered to the Eligible Shareholders in accordance with this Article 80.C.

  

(h)Nothing in this Article shall have any effect upon the requirement of the consent of the directors to the Transfer of any shares or upon its authority to refuse to consent to the share transfer, as stated in Article 80.B.

 

(i)The right of first offer granted to the Eligible Shareholders under this Article is non-transferable other than in conjunction with the Transfer of shares by such shareholder.

 

(j)The provisions set forth in this Article 80.C. shall terminate and be of no further force or effect (i) immediately prior to the SEC Effectiveness and subject thereto, or (ii) upon a Deemed Liquidation, whichever event occurs first.

 

80.D. Bring Along and Forced Sale

 

(a)Notwithstanding any other provision set forth in these Articles, in the event that, , any person or entity, whether a third party or a Shareholder (in this Article “Purchaser”), (i) offers to purchase all of the issued share capital of the company, whether in one transaction or in a series of related transactions, pursuant to a sale, exchange or other disposition (including a disposition by way of merger or other similar transactions) (in this Article the “Purchase Offer”), and (ii) the shareholders holding at least 51% of the issued share capital of the company (in this Article the “Selling Shareholders”) agree to accept the Purchase Offer, then all other shareholders (in this Article the “Remaining Shareholders”) shall be obligated to sell their shares to the Purchaser at the Closing (as defined below), pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Offer, and shall, vote in favour of, execute the relevant documentation in connection with and otherwise take all necessary and reasonable actions relating to, such sale.

 

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(b)The notice of the Purchase Offer to be provided to all Shareholders at least twenty one (21) days prior to the date of the Closing, shall state (i) the name and address of the Purchaser; (ii) the proposed amount and form of consideration to be paid for such shares or to be paid in such sale and the terms and conditions of payment offered by the Purchaser; and (iii) the estimated time and date for the delivery of and payment for the shares, and shall include a copy of the transaction agreement (the “Closing”).

 

(c)All reasonable fees and expenses incurred by the shareholders (including fees and expenses in respect of financial advisors, accountants and counsel) in connection with a Purchase Offer pursuant to this Article shall be shared pro-rata based upon the amount of consideration received by each shareholder. In the event that the Remaining Shareholders are required to provide representations or indemnities in connection with the Purchase Offer (other than representations and indemnities concerning each Remaining Shareholder’s valid ownership of shares and his authority, power, and right to enter into and consummate such purchase or merger agreement), then each Remaining Shareholder shall not be liable for more than his pro- rata share (based upon the amount of consideration received) of any liability towards the Purchaser or otherwise, and in any event such liability shall not exceed the total consideration received by such Remaining Shareholder for its shares pursuant to this Article.

 

(d)At the Closing, each shareholder shall sell, transfer, convey, and assign his holdings to the Purchaser, free and clear of any liens, charges, claims, rights or encumbrances whatsoever, against delivery of such shareholder’s share of the aggregate purchase price. Each shareholder shall further deliver to the company the certificates for such shares sold duly endorsed, or accompanied by written instruments of transfer duly executed by such shareholder, free and clear of any liens, charges, claims, rights or encumbrances whatsoever, and shall approve and vote in favour of such sale in the Purchase Notice, as the case may be.

 

(e)If a Remaining Shareholder is obligated to sell its shares, or approve and vote in favour of such sale in accordance with this Article, and such Remaining Shareholder fails to deliver the certificates representing such shares in accordance with the terms of this Article or fails to approve and vote in favour of such sale, the company shall be entitled to cancel on its register of members the certificate or certificates representing the shares required to be sold pursuant to this Article (and shall issue new certificates in the name of the Purchaser) and such shares in the possession of the Remaining shareholder shall cease to be outstanding for any purpose other than evidencing such shareholder’s right to receive the same consideration as the Selling Shareholders for its shares, whereupon all of the rights of such Remaining Shareholder in and to such shares shall terminate. Further, the directors shall be authorized to establish an escrow account, for the benefit of such failing shareholder, as applicable, into which the consideration for such equity securities represented by such cancelled certificate shall be deposited and to appoint a trustee to administer such account.

 

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(f)The provisions set forth in this Article 80.D. shall terminate and be of no further force or effect upon a Deemed Liquidation.

 

80.E.Co-Sale

 

(a)Until immediately prior to the SEC Effectiveness and subject thereto, in the event that a Selling Shareholder wishes to Transfer the Offered Shares pursuant to the terms of a bona fide offer received from any person or entity (including another Shareholder) (the “Third Party”), he shall deliver to the Eligible Shareholders an Offer Notice and the Offer Notice provided in accordance with this Article 80.E. shall provide the Offerees with the right to exercise their co-sale right as set forth in this Article 80.E. instead of exercising the right of first offer in Article 80.C.

  

(b)The Offerees shall have the option, exercisable by written notice to the Selling Shareholder within fourteen days (14) of its receipt of the Offer Notice, to require the Selling Shareholder to provide as part of its proposed sale that such Offeree be given the right to participate, on the same terms and conditions as the Selling Shareholder, in the sale pro-rata in proportion to the respective number of shares (on an “as-converted” basis) owned at such time by the Selling Shareholder and all other Offerees who participate in the proposed sale. To the extent any of the Offerees exercises such right, the number of shares that the Selling Shareholder may sell shall be correspondingly reduced. The Offerees that exercised their right under this Article 80.E. shall sell their shares (based on the calculation above) together with the Selling Shareholder either to the Third Party or to the other Offerees that exercised their rights under Articles 80.C.

 

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(c)If the right hereunder is exercised by one or more of the Offerees, then any such sale in which such exercising holders shall not participate shall be null and void and the Company shall not recognize any such Transfer of shares on its register.

 

(d)If the right hereunder is not exercised by an Offeree during the 14 days’ notice period set forth above, the right of such Offeree hereunder shall be deemed to expire. Notwithstanding, if the Offered Shares and the shares of the exercising holders, if any, have not been sold within the ninety (90) day period set forth in Article 80.C., the Transfer of the Offered Shares shall once again be subject to the provisions of this Article.

 

(e)The provisions set forth in this Article 80.E. shall terminate and be of no further force or effect (i)immediately prior to the SEC Effectiveness and subject thereto, or (ii) upon a Deemed Liquidation, whichever event occurs first.

 

80.F. Transfer

 

(a)Except for a Transfer pursuant to Article 80.D. above, any and all Transfer of shares (including without limitation to a Permitted Transferee) shall be conditioned upon the following:

 

(b)The transferee’s written agreement to be bound by the terms applicable to and the obligations of the transferor under these Articles and all agreements involving the company in respect of the Transferred shares and their holding; and

 

(c)No Transfer shall be allowed if it constitutes a public offering or public distribution of the company’s shares pursuant to any applicable law, or if as a result of such transfer the number of Shareholders, as calculated pursuant to Article 2(b) above shall exceed fifty (50).

 

(d)Without derogating any of the above, no Transfer of shares shall be approved or registered unless a proper instrument of transfer has been submitted to the company (or its transfer agent) together with the share certificate for the transferred shares (if such has been issued) and with any other evidence the directors may require in order to prove to its satisfaction the rights of the transferor in the transferred shares.

 

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(e)The instrument of transfer shall be signed by the transferor and the transferee and the transferor shall be considered the owner of the shares until the transferee is registered in the register of members in respect of the shares transferred to him. The instrument of transfer of any share shall be in writing in an accepted form approved by directors.

 

(f)The company may impose a fee for registration of a share transfer, at a reasonable rate as may be determined by the directors from time to time.

 

(g)Instruments of transfer that are registered shall remain in the company’s possession; however, instruments of transfer which the directors refuses to register in accordance with the provisions of these Articles, shall be returned, on demand, to whomever delivered them along with the share certificate (if delivered).

 

(h)The executors and administrators of a deceased sole holder of a share, or, if there are no executors or administrators, the persons beneficially entitled as heirs of a deceased sole holder, shall be the only persons recognized by the company as having any title to the share. In case of a share registered in the names of two or more holders, the company shall recognize the survivor or survivors as the only persons having any title to or benefit in the share. Nothing herein contained shall release the estate of a deceased joint holder from any liability in respect of any share jointly held by him.

 

(i)Any person becoming entitled to a share in consequence of the death of any person, upon producing evidence of the grant of probate or letters of administration or declaration of succession or such other evidence as the directors may deem sufficient that he sustains the character in respect of which he proposes to act under this Article or of his title, shall be registered as a shareholder in respect of such shares, or may, subject to the regulations as to transfer herein contained, transfer such shares.

 

(j)The company may recognize the receiver or liquidator of any shareholder in winding-up or dissolution, or the trustee in bankruptcy or any official receiver of a bankrupt shareholder as being entitled to the shares registered in the name of such shareholder.

 

(k)The receiver or liquidator of a shareholder in winding- up or dissolution, or the trustee in bankruptcy, or any official receiver of any bankrupt shareholder, upon producing such evidence as directors may deem sufficient that he sustains the character in respect of which he proposes to act under this Article or of his title, may, with the consent of the directors (which the directors may grant or refuse in its absolute discretion), be registered as a shareholder in respect of such shares, or may, subject to the regulations as to transfer herein contained, transfer such shares.

 

(l)A person upon whom the ownership of a share devolves by transmission shall be entitled to receive, and may give a discharge for any dividends or other monies payable in respect of the share but he shall not be entitled in respect of it to receive notices, or to attend or vote at meetings of the company, or, save as otherwise provided herein, to exercise any of the rights or privileges of a shareholder, unless and until he shall be registered in the register of members.

 

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PART 4

 

DECISION-MAKING BY SHAREHOLDERS ORGANISATION OF GENERAL MEETINGS

 

Calling of General Meetings

 

81.All meetings called pursuant to section 193 of the Act (annual general meetings) shall be called ordinary general meetings; all other general meetings shall be called extraordinary general meetings.

 

82.(1)The directors may, whenever they think fit, convene an extraordinary general meeting in writing as provided by section 196 (3) of the Act.

 

(2)A meeting of a company, other than a meeting for the passing of a special resolution, may be called by 7 days’ notice in writing.

 

(3)A meeting of a company for the passing of a special resolution may be called by giving at least 21 days’ notice in writing of the meeting and specifying in the notice the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution.

 

(4)If all the members entitled to attend and vote at any such meetings so agree, a resolution may be proposed and passed at a meeting of which less than the notice period stipulated in sub-article (2) and sub-article (3).

 

(5)Extraordinary general meetings shall be convened on such requisition, or in default, may be convened by such requisitionists, as provided by section 195 of the Act.

 

(6)If at any time there are not in Gibraltar sufficient directors capable of acting to form a quorum, any director or any two members of the company may convene an extraordinary general meeting in the same manner as nearly as possible as that in which meetings may be convened by the directors, but such convocation must be in writing.

  

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Notice of General Meetings

 

83.Subject to the provisions of section 201 (2) of the Act relating to special resolutions, seven days’ notice at the least (exclusive of the day on which the notice is served or deemed to be served, but inclusive of the day for which notice is given) specifying the place, the day and the hour of meeting and, in case of special business, the general nature of that business shall be given in manner hereinafter mentioned, or in such other manner (if any) as may be prescribed by the company in general meeting, to such persons as are, under the articles of the company, entitled to receive such notices from the company; but with the consent of all the members entitled to receive notice of some particular meeting, that meeting may be convened by such shorter notice and in such manner as those members may think fit.

 

84.The accidental omission to give notice of a meeting to, or the non- receipt of notice of a meeting by, any member shall not invalidate the proceedings at any meeting except in relation to a notice given under section 195 of the Act.

 

85.All business shall be deemed special that is transacted at an extraordinary meeting.

 

86.With the exception of sanctioning a dividend, the consideration of the accounts, balance sheets and the ordinary report of the directors and auditors, and the fixing of the remuneration of the auditors, all business that is transacted at an ordinary meeting shall be deemed special.

 

Attendance and speaking at general meetings

 

87.(1)A person is able to exercise the right to speak at a general meeting when that person is in a position to communicate to all those attending the meeting, during the meeting, any information or opinions which that person has on the business of the meeting.

 

(2)A person is able to exercise the right to vote at a general meeting when:

 

(a)that person is able to vote, during the meeting, on resolutions put to the vote at the meeting, and

 

(b)that person’s vote can be taken into account in determining whether or not such resolutions are passed at the same time as the votes of all the other persons attending the meeting.
   
(3)The directors may make whatever arrangements they consider appropriate to enable those attending a general meeting to exercise their rights to speak or vote at it.In determining attendance at a general meeting, it is immaterial whether any two or more members attending it are in the same place as each other.

 

(4)Two or more persons who are not in the same place as each other attend a general meeting if their circumstances are such that if they have (or were to have) rights to speak and vote at that meeting, they are (or would be) able to exercise them.

  

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Quorum for general meetings

 

88.No business other than the appointment of the chairman of the meeting is to be transacted at a general meeting if the persons attending it do not constitute a quorum.

 

89.No business shall be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum of Members is present at the time when the meeting proceeds to business. Save as herein otherwise provided two members present in person or by proxy shall be a quorum unless there shall at any time be one member in which event such member alone shall have the authority to transact the business of a general meeting and shall do so by written resolution under his hand.

 

Chairing general meetings

 

90.(1)If the directors have appointed a chairman, the chairman shall chair general meetings if present and willing to do so.

 

(2)If the directors have not appointed a chairman, or if the chairman is unwilling to chair the meeting or is not present within ten minutes of the time at which a meeting was due to start:

 

(a)the directors present, or

 

(b)(if no directors are present), the meeting,

 

must appoint a director or shareholder to chair the meeting, and the appointment of the chairman of the meeting must be the first business of the meeting.

 

(3)The person chairing a meeting in accordance with this article is referred to as “the chairman of the meeting”.

 

Attendance and speaking by directors and non-shareholders

 

91.(1)Directors may attend and speak at general meetings, whether or not they are shareholders.

 

(2)The chairman of the meeting may permit other persons who are not:

 

(a)shareholders of the company, or

 

(b)otherwise entitled to exercise the rights of shareholders in relation to general meetings, to attend and speak at a general meeting.

  

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Adjournment

 

92.(1)If the persons attending a general meeting within half an hour of the time at which the meeting was due to start do not constitute a quorum, or if during a meeting a quorum ceases to be present, the chairman of the meeting must adjourn it, unless the meeting was convened upon the requisition of members, in which case it shall be dissolved.

 

(2)The chairman of the meeting may adjourn a general meeting at which a quorum is present if:

 

(a)the meeting consents to an adjournment, or

 

(b)it appears to the chairman of the meeting that an adjournment is necessary to protect the safety of any person attending the meeting or ensure that the business of the meeting is conducted in an orderly manner.

 

(3)The chairman of the meeting must adjourn a general meeting if directed to do so by the meeting.

 

(4)When adjourning a general meeting, the chairman of the meeting must:

 

(a)either specify the time and place to which it is adjourned or state that it is to continue at a time and place to be fixed by the directors, and

 

(b)have regard to any directions as to the time and place of any adjournment which have been given by the meeting.

 

(5)If the continuation of an adjourned meeting is to take place more than 10 days after it was adjourned, the company must give at least 7 clear days’ notice of it (that is, excluding the day of the adjourned meeting and the day on which the notice is given):

 

(a)to the same persons to whom notice of the company’s general meetings is required to be given, and

 

(b)containing the same information which such notice is required to contain.

 

(6)No business may be transacted at an adjourned general meeting which could not properly have been transacted at the meeting if the adjournment had not taken place.

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VOTING AT GENERAL MEETINGS

 

Voting: general

 

93.(1)An ordinary resolution of the members (or of a class of members) of the company means a resolution that is passed by members representing a simple majority (more than 50%) of the total voting rights of the members or, as the case may be, of the class of members.

 

(2)An extraordinary resolution of the members means a resolution that is passed by members representing a majority of not less than 75% of those members at a general meeting of which notice specifying the terms of the resolution and the intention to propose the resolution as an extraordinary resolution has been given.

 

(3)A special resolution of the members means a resolution that is passed by members representing a majority of not less than 75% of those members at a general meeting of which not less than 21 days’ notice, specifying the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution has been given in accordance with article 82.

 

94.A resolution put to the vote of a general meeting must be decided on a show of hands unless a poll is duly demanded in accordance with the articles.

 

95.(1)On a show of hands every member present in person shall have one vote.

 

(2)On a poll every member shall have one vote for each share of which he is the holder.

 

96.In the case of joint holders the vote of the senior who tenders a vote whether in person or by proxy, shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders; and for this purpose seniority shall be determined by the order in which the names stand in the register of members.

 

97.If a member is suffering from mental disorder, a person authorised in that behalf under section 47 of the Mental Health Act or a receiver appointed under section 49 of that Act may vote on behalf of the member, either on a show of hands or on a poll.

 

98.No member shall be entitled to vote at any general meeting unless all calls or other sums presently payable by him in respect of shares in the company have been paid.

 

Errors and disputes

 

99.(1)No objection may be raised to the qualification of any person voting at a general meeting except at the meeting or adjourned meeting at which the vote objected to is tendered, and every vote not disallowed at the meeting is valid.

 

(2)Any such objection must be referred to the chairman of the meeting, whose decision is final.

  

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Poll votes

 

100.(1)A poll on a resolution may be demanded:

 

(a)in advance of the general meeting where it is to be put to the vote, or

 

(b)at a general meeting, either before a show of hands on that resolution or immediately after the result of a show of hands on that resolution is declared.

 

(2)A poll may be demanded by:

 

(a)the chairman of the meeting;

 

(b)the directors;

 

(c)three or more persons having the right to vote on the resolution; or

 

(d)a person or persons representing not less than 15% of the total voting rights of all the shareholders having the right to vote on the resolution.

 

(3)A demand for a poll may be withdrawn if:

 

(a)the poll has not yet been taken, and

 

(b)the chairman of the meeting consents to the withdrawal.

 

(4)Polls must be taken immediately and in such manner as the chairman of the meeting directs.

 

(5)On a poll votes may be given either personally or by proxy.

 

(6)In the case of an equality of votes, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, the chairman of the meeting at which the show of hands takes place or at which the poll is demanded, shall be entitled to a second or casting vote.

 

(7)A poll demanded on the election of a chairman or on a question of adjournment, shall be taken forthwith. A poll demanded on any other question shall be taken at such time as the chairman of the meeting directs.

 

Content of proxy notices

 

101.(1)Proxies may only validly be appointed by a notice in writing (a “proxy notice”) which:

 

(a)states the name and address of the shareholder appointing the proxy;

 

(b)identifies the person appointed to be that shareholder’s proxy and the general meeting in relation to which that person is appointed;

 

(c)is signed by or on behalf of the shareholder appointing the proxy, or is authenticated in such manner as the directors may determine; and

 

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(d)is delivered to the company in accordance with the articles and any instructions contained in the notice of the general meeting to which they relate and in any event must be deposited at the registered office of the company not less than 24 hours before the time for holding the meeting or adjourned meeting, at which the person named in the instrument proposes to vote.

 

(2)The company may require proxy notices to be delivered in a particular form, and may specify different forms for different purposes.

 

(3)Proxy notices may specify how the proxy appointed under them is to vote (or that the proxy is to abstain from voting) on one or more resolutions.

 

(4)Unless a proxy notice indicates otherwise, it must be treated as:

 

(a)allowing the person appointed under it as a proxy discretion as to how to vote on any ancillary or procedural resolutions put to the meeting, and

 

(b)appointing that person as a proxy in relation to any adjournment of the general meeting to which it relates as well as the meeting itself.

 

(5)The chairman of the meeting may on behalf of the company waive the requirement for a proxy notice pursuant to this article with the approval of all the directors.

 

Delivery of proxy notices

 

102.(1)A person who is entitled to attend, speak or vote (either on a show of hands or on a poll) at a general meeting remains so entitled in respect of that meeting or any adjournment of it, even though a valid proxy notice has been delivered to the company by or on behalf of that person.

 

(2)An appointment under a proxy notice may be revoked by delivering to the company a notice in writing given by or on behalf of the person by whom or on whose behalf the proxy notice was given.

 

(3)A notice revoking a proxy appointment only takes effect if it is delivered before the start of the meeting or adjourned meeting to which it relates.

 

(4)If a proxy notice is not executed by the person appointing the proxy, it must be accompanied by written evidence of the authority of the person who executed it to execute it on the appointor’s behalf.

 

103.Any corporation which is a member of the company may by resolution of its directors or other governing body authorise such person as it thinks fit to act as its representative at any meeting of the company or of any class of members of the company, and the person so authorised shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the corporation which he represents as that corporation could exercise if it were an individual member of the company.

 

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Resolution in writing

 

104.(1)A resolution in writing signed by all members of the company who would be entitled to vote if that resolution were submitted to a general meeting shall be as effective for all purposes as a resolution of the company passed in general meeting duly convened and constituted, and may consist of several instruments in the like form each executed by one or more of the members.

 

(2)Such resolution in writing shall be pasted in or attached to the minute book of the company.

  

Place of meetings

 

PART 5

 

ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS

 

105.The meetings of the directors or the shareholders of the company may be held in Gibraltar or elsewhere in the world.

 

Means of communication to be used

 

106.(1) Subject to the articles, anything sent or supplied by or to the company under the articles may be sent or supplied in any way in which the Act provides for documents or information which are authorised or required by any provision of that Act to be sent or supplied by or to the company.

 

(2) A director may agree with the company that notices or documents sent to that director in a particular way are to be deemed to have been received within a specified time of their being sent, and for the specified time to be less than 24 hours.

 

Company seals

 

107.(1)Any common seal may only be used by the authority of the directors.

 

(2)The directors may decide by what means and in what form any common seal is to be used.

 

(3)Unless otherwise decided by the directors, if the company has a common seal and it is affixed to a document, the document must also be signed by at least one authorised person in the presence of a witness who attests the signature.

 

(4)For the purposes of this article, an authorised person is:

 

(a)any director of the company;

 

(b)the company secretary; or

 

(c)any person authorised by the directors for the purpose of signing documents to which the common seal is applied.

  

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No right to inspect accounts and other records

 

108.Except as provided by law or authorised by the directors or an ordinary resolution of the company, no person is entitled to inspect any of the company’s accounting or other records or documents merely by virtue of being a shareholder.

 

Provision for employees on cessation of business

 

109.The directors may decide to make provision for the benefit of persons employed or formerly employed by the company or any of its subsidiaries (other than a director or former director or shadow director) in connection with the cessation or transfer to any person of the whole or part of the undertaking of the company or that subsidiary.

 

PART 6

 

DIRECTORS’ INDEMNITY AND INSURANCE

 

Indemnities

 

110.The directors, managers, secretary and other officers or servants for the time being of the company acting in relation to any of the affairs of the company, or every one of them shall be indemnified and secured harmless out of the assets and profits of the company from and against all actions, costs, charges, losses, damages and expenses which they, or any of them, shall or may incur or sustain by reason of any contract entered into or act done, concurred in or omitted in or about the execution of their duty or supposed duty in their respective office, except such (if any) as they shall incur or sustain by or through their own wilful neglect or wilful default respectively, and none of them shall be answerable for the acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of the other or others of them, or for joining in any receipt for the sake of conformity or for any bankers or other persons with whom any moneys or effects belonging to the company shall or may be lodged or deposited for safe custody, or for any defect of title of the company to any property purchased, or for any insufficiency or deficiency of or defect of title of the company to any security upon which any moneys of or belonging to the company shall be placed out or invested, or for any loss, misfortune or damage resulting from any such cause as aforesaid or which may happen in the execution of their respective office or in relation thereto, except the same shall happen by or through their own wilful neglect or wilful default respectively.

 

111.(1)Subject to paragraph (2), a relevant director of an associated company may be indemnified out of the company’s assets against any liability which by virtue of any rule of law would otherwise attach to him in respect of any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust of which he may be guilty in relation to the company.

 

(2)This article does not authorise any indemnity which would be prohibited or rendered void by any provision of the Act or by any other provision of law.

 

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(3)In this article:

 

(a)companies are associated if one is a subsidiary of the other or both are subsidiaries of the same body corporate, and

 

(b)a “relevant director” means any director or former director of an associated company.

 

Insurance

 

112.(1)The directors may decide to purchase and maintain insurance, at the expense of the company, for the benefit of any relevant director in respect of any relevant loss.

 

(2)In this article:

 

(a)a “relevant director” means any director or former director of the company or an associated company,

 

(b)a “relevant loss” means any loss or liability which has been or may be incurred by a relevant director in connection with that director’s duties or powers in relation to the company, any associated company or any pension fund or employees’ share scheme of the company or associated company, and

 

(c)companies are associated if one is a subsidiary of the other or both are subsidiaries of the same body corporate.

 

PART 7

 

WINDING UP AND RE-DOMICILIATION

 

Winding Up

 

113.If the company shall be wound up the liquidator may, with the sanction of an extraordinary resolution of the company and any other sanction required by the Act, divide amongst the members in specie or kind the whole or any part of the assets of the company (whether they shall consist of property of the same kind or not) and may for such purpose set such value as he deems fair upon any property to be divided as aforesaid, and may determine how such division shall be carried out as between the Members or different classes of Members. The liquidator may, with the like sanction, vest the whole or any part of such assets in trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of contributories as the liquidator with the like sanction shall think fit, but so that no member shall be compelled to accept any shares or other equity securities whereupon there is any liability.

 

Transfer by way of re-domiciliation

 

114.The company shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Companies (Re-domiciliation) Regulations (or any modification or re-enactment thereof) and with the approval of a Special Resolution, have the power to register by way of re-domiciliation as a body corporate under the law of any jurisdiction outside Gibraltar and to be deregistered in Gibraltar.

 

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PART 8

 

DIGITAL SECURITIES

 

Tokens

 

115.The board of directors may from time to time create and issue tokens on behalf of the company. The tokens shall be subject to the following provisions:

 

(a)The terms and rights applicable to tokens of the company will be established by the board of directors and shall be specified in a token purchase agreement between the company and the holders of tokens (the “Token Terms”) or in such other form as the directors may approve from time to time.

 

(b)The issue of tokens will be at the discretion of the board of directors, save where otherwise provided in the Token Terms.

 

(c)Nothing in these articles shall entitle holders of tokens to any of the rights to which holders of equity securities are entitled. Holders of tokens shall not be deemed third party beneficiaries of the rights granted under these articles to the company or any other party.

 

PART 9

 

TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES

 

Approval of Transaction with Affiliates

 

116.The Company shall not enter into any material transaction with an Affiliate (including, without limitation, loans) unless, in addition to obtaining any other approvals or satisfying any requirements imposed under applicable law, such transaction has been approved by a majority of the Independent Directors appointed at such time that do not have an interest in the transaction; provided, however, that if the Company only has two Independent Directors, the Company may not enter into such transaction unless both Independent Directors are disinterested in the transaction and both Independent Directors have approved the transaction.

  

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EX-4.28 3 f20f2020ex4-28_inxlimited.htm SECURITIES EXCHANGE AGREEMENT DATED MARCH 31, 2021 AMONG VALDY INVESTMENTS LTD, THE COMPANY, THE INX SECURITYHOLDERS LISTED THEREIN, PI FINANCIAL CORP. AND EIGHT CAPITAL

Exhibit 4.28

 

SECURITIES EXCHANGE AGREEMENT

 

THIS AGREEMENT is entered into this 31st day of March, 2021.

 

AMONG:

 

VALDY INVESTMENTS LTD. a corporation existing under the laws of the Province of British Columbia, Canada

 

(“Valdy”)

 

AND:

 

INX LIMITED, a corporation existing under the laws of Gibraltar

 

(“INX”)

 

AND:

 

EACH OF THE INX SECURITYHOLDERS LISTED ON SCHEDULE “A” HERETO

 

(collectively, the “INX Securityholders” and each individually, an “INX Securityholder”)

 

AND:

 

PI FINANCIAL CORP., a corporation existing under the laws of British Columbia, solely for purposes of Section 2.4 and Article 10

 

(“PI”)

 

AND:

 

EIGHT CAPITAL, a partnership governed by the laws of the Province of Ontario, solely for purposes of Section 2.4 and Article 10

 

(“Eight” and, together with PI, the “Agents”)

 

WHEREAS each INX Securityholder is the registered and beneficial owner of the number and type of INX Securities (as defined below) set forth next to its name on Schedule “A” hereto.

 

AND WHEREAS Valdy and the INX Securityholders wish to effect an exchange of the INX Securities for, as applicable, the Consideration Shares, the Consideration Options, and the Consideration Legacy Warrants (as each such term is defined below), in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, and such transactions shall constitute Valdy’s Qualifying Transaction (as defined below).

 

 

 

 

NOW THEREFORE THIS AGREEMENT WITNESSES that in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the Parties agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE 1

INTERPRETATION

 

1.1Defined Terms

 

In this Agreement and in the Schedules hereto, unless there is something in the subject matter or context inconsistent therewith, the following terms and expressions will have the following meanings:

 

1933 Act” means the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended;

 

arm’s length” will have the meaning ascribed to such term under the Tax Act;

 

Business Day” means any day other than a day which is a Saturday, a Sunday or a statutory holiday in Vancouver, British Columbia;

 

Canadian Electing Holder” means an INX Shareholder who at the Closing Time, for purposes of the Tax Act, is (i) a resident in Canada, and is not exempt from tax under Part I of the Tax Act, or (ii) a “Canadian partnership” for purposes of the Tax Act no member of which is exempt from tax under Part I of the Tax Act;

 

Closing Date” means such date as may be mutually agreed upon by the Parties in writing but in any event no later than July 28, 2021;

 

Closing Time” means 8:00 a.m. (Vancouver time) on the Closing Date;

 

Code” means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;

 

Consolidation” has the meaning given thereto in Section 5.2(b);

 

Conversion Ratio” means a ratio of one INX Share for every 10.4871348 Valdy Shares;

 

Debt Instrument” means any bond, debenture, mortgage, promissory note or other instrument evidencing indebtedness for borrowed money;

 

Encumbrances” means mortgages, charges, pledges, security interests, liens, encumbrances, royalties, actions, claims, leases, demands and equities of any nature whatsoever or howsoever arising and any rights or privileges capable of becoming any of the foregoing;

 

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ESOP Commitments” means commitments of INX incurred prior to the date hereof to grant INX Legacy Options to employees, officers, consultants and service providers of INX to purchase an aggregate of no more than 758,533 ordinary shares of INX;

 

Exchange” means the TSX Venture Exchange;

 

Filing Statement” means the filing statement of Valdy in respect of the Securities Exchange, prepared on Form 3B-2 of the TSX Venture Exchange Corporate Finance Manual;

 

Finder’s Fee Agreement” means the finder’s fee agreement dated March 18, 2021 between Valdy and Peter Hough whereby Valdy agreed to issue to Mr. Hough an aggregate of 650,000 pre-Consolidation Valdy Shares at the Closing Time;

 

Governmental Entity” means any

 

(a)multinational, federal, provincial, state, regional, municipal, local or other government, governmental or public department, central bank or tribunal;

 

(b)any subdivision, agent, commission, board, or authority of any of the foregoing; or

 

(c)any quasi-governmental or private body exercising any regulatory, expropriation or taxing authority under or for the account of any of the foregoing;

 

Guarantee” means any agreement, contract or commitment providing for the guarantee, indemnification, assumption or endorsement or any like commitment with respect to the obligations, liabilities (contingent or otherwise) or indebtedness of any Person;

 

IFRS” means International Financial Reporting Standards;

 

Indebtedness” means any loan agreements, credit facilities or other indebtedness for borrowed money, but for greater certainty shall not include trade payables or other liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business or obligations under any simple agreements for future equity;

 

INX Articles” means the third amended and restated articles of association of INX, as may be further amended and/or restated from time to time;

 

INX De Minimis Shareholders” means those INX Shareholders who immediately following the Closing Time hold less than one (1%) percent of the issued and outstanding INX Shares, but does not include officers or directors of INX;

 

INX Financial Statements” means the audited annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the interim financial statements for the period ended June 30, 2020 and 2019;

 

3

 

 

INX Legacy Shares” means the INX Shares other than INX Shares issued pursuant to the exercise of the INX Subscription Receipts;

 

INX Legacy Warrant Holder” means a holder of one or more INX Legacy Warrants that is a party to this Agreement, either by executing on the date hereof or by execution of a joinder agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as Schedule “C” to this Agreement;

 

INX Legacy Warrants” means the ordinary share purchase warrants of INX issued and outstanding as of the date hereof, as described in greater detail in Schedule “A” hereto;

 

INX Nominees” means the individuals appointed by INX to form the board of directors of Valdy immediately following the Closing Time, being James Crossley, Alan Silbert, David Weild, Nicholas Thadaney, Haim Ashar, Thomas Lewis, Rafael Rafaeli and an individual to be nominated by Valdy and who is acceptable to INX, acting reasonably;

 

INX Option Holder” means a holder of one or more INX Options;

 

INX Options” means the options of INX issued pursuant to the INX Share Ownership and Award Plan, including the ESOP Commitments, each of which is exercisable into one INX Share;

 

INX Prospectus” means the prospectus of INX dated September 29, 2020, as supplemented from time to time, pursuant to which the INX Token Offering is registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission;

 

INX Securities” means, collectively, the INX Shares, the INX Options, and the INX Legacy Warrants;

 

INX Securityholders” means, collectively, the INX Shareholders, INX Legacy Warrant Holders, and the INX Option Holders;

 

INX Securityholder Approval” means the approval by the INX Securityholders in respect of the Securities Exchange and the other transactions contemplated hereby by resolution authorized by the holders of no less than 75% of the issued and outstanding INX Shares;

 

INX Share Ownership and Award Plan” means the share ownership and award plan of INX approved by the INX Shareholders on March 18, 2021;

 

INX Shareholder” means a holder of one or more INX Shares;

 

INX Shareholders Waiver” has the meaning given thereto in Section 3.2(10)(c);

 

INX Shareholders’ Agreement” means the founders’ agreement of INX effective as of September 1, 2017, as amended to date;

 

INX Shares” means the ordinary shares in the capital of INX;

 

4

 

 

INX Subscription Receipt Warrants” means share purchase warrants of INX issuable pursuant to the conversion of the INX Subscription Receipts, with each whole warrant being exercisable into one (1) INX Share at a price of $1.88 per share for a period of two years from the Closing Date;

 

INX Subscription Receipts” means the subscription receipts of INX issued pursuant to the Private Placement Financing and, upon the satisfaction of all conditions precedent to the completion of the Securities Exchange and immediately prior to the Closing Time, each INX Subscription Receipt shall automatically convert into one (1) INX Share and one-half of one INX Subscription Receipt Warrant;

 

INX Token Offering” means the offering of INX Tokens pursuant to the INX Prospectus;

 

INX Tokens” means the security tokens of INX issued pursuant to the INX Prospectus;

 

ITA” has the meaning given thereto in Section 6.3(g);

 

Laws” means all statutes, regulations, statutory rules, regulatory instruments, principles of law, orders, published policies and guidelines, and terms and conditions of any grant of approval, permission, authority or license of any Governmental Entity, statutory body, stock exchange or self-regulatory authority, and the term “applicable” with respect to such Laws and in the context that refers to one or more Persons means that such Laws apply to such Person or Persons or its or their business, undertaking, property or securities and emanate from a Person having jurisdiction over the Person or Persons or its or their business, undertaking, property or securities;

 

Letter of Intent” means the letter of intent dated February 22, 2021 between Valdy and INX;

 

Licenses” means all of the licenses, registrations and qualifications to do business required to be held by any Party and their respective subsidiaries, if any, in order to carry on the business of such entity as currently conducted or as proposed to be conducted;

 

Lock-Up Terms” means the applicable terms of lock-up to which all INX Securityholders consent upon execution of this Agreement, in the form attached hereto as Schedule “B-1” (for Shy Datika), “B-2” (for holders of INX Shares equal to 1% or greater of the outstanding INX Shares and INX Nominees and Management) or “B-3” (for INX De Minimis Shareholders), as applicable;

 

Material Agreement” means, with respect to a Party:

 

(a)any continuing contract for the purchase of materials, supplies, equipment or services involving, in the case of any such contract, more than US$50,000 over the life of the contract;

 

5

 

 

(b)any contract that expires, or may be renewed at the option of any Person other than a Party or its respective subsidiaries so as to expire, more than one year after the date of this Agreement;

 

(c)any Debt Instrument;

 

(d)any contract for capital expenditures in excess of US$50,000 in the aggregate;

 

(e)any contract limiting the right of a Party or its respective subsidiaries to engage in any line of business or to compete with any other Person;

 

(f)any contract pursuant to which Party or its respective subsidiaries leases any real property;

 

(g)any contract pursuant to which Party or its respective subsidiaries leases any personal property involving payments by Party or its respective subsidiaries in excess of US$50,000 annually or involving rights or obligations which cannot be terminated without penalty on less than three months’ notice;

 

(h)any Guarantee;

 

(i)any contract requiring the counterparty’s consent to a change of control of the Party or providing rights to the counterparty on a change of control of the Party;

 

(j)any contract with a non-arm’s length party;

 

(k)any hedges, swaps or other like financial instruments;

 

(l)any employment contracts with employees and service contracts with independent contractors providing for annual compensation over US$100,000 or any agreements with any executive officer;

 

(m)any agreement to indemnify, hold harmless or defend any other Person with respect to any assertion of personal injury, damage to property, misappropriation or violation or warranting the lack thereof; and

 

(n)any other agreement, indenture, contract, lease, deed of trust, license, option, instrument or other commitment which is or would reasonably be expected to be material to the business, properties, assets, operations, condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of Party or its respective subsidiaries;

 

but shall not include agreements with legal, accounting, or other professional service providers;

 

Material Adverse Change”, when used in connection with a Party, means any change, effect, development, event or occurrence either individually or in the aggregate which would reasonably be expected to be, material and adverse to the business, properties, assets, operations, condition, affairs, liabilities (contingent or otherwise), obligations (whether absolute, conditional or otherwise) or prospects of such entity and its subsidiaries taken as a whole;

 

6

 

 

Material Adverse Effect”, when used in connection with a Party, means any matter or action that has an effect that is, or would reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Change with respect to such entity and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, and “Materially Adversely Affected” will have a corresponding meaning;

 

Name Change” has the meaning given thereto in Section 5.2(a);

 

Parties” means Valdy, INX and the INX Securityholders, and “Party” means any one of them;

 

Person” includes any individual, firm, partnership, joint venture, venture capital fund, association, trust, trustee, executor, administrator, legal personal representative, estate, group, body corporate, corporation, company, unincorporated association or organization, Governmental Entity, syndicate or other entity, whether or not having legal status;

 

Power of Attorney” means the Power of Attorney granted by a purchaser of INX Subscription Receipts in favour of INX in respect of the execution and delivery of this Agreement by INX on behalf of the purchaser, and all matters related thereto;

 

Private Placement Financing” means the private placement of up to 32,000,000 INX Subscription Receipts at a price of $1.25 per INX Subscription Receipt for total gross proceeds of up to $40,000,000, or such other amount as may be mutually agreed to by INX and Valdy in writing;

 

Qualifying Transaction” has the meaning given to that term in the TSX Venture Exchange Corporate Finance Manual, and as the context requires, refers to the Securities Exchange;

 

Reorganization” has the meaning given thereto in Section 2.2;

 

Representatives” means, collectively, in respect of a Person, (a) its directors, officers, employees, agents, representatives and any financial advisor, law firm, accounting firm or other professional firm retained to assist the Person in connection with the transactions contemplated in this Agreement, and (b) the Person’s affiliates and subsidiaries and the directors, officers, employees, agents and representatives and advisors thereof;

 

Securities Exchange” means the exchange of the INX Securities for Valdy Consideration Securities in accordance with the terms of this Agreement;

 

Tax” or “Taxes” (including, with correlative meaning, “Taxable”) means all federal, provincial, state, local and foreign taxes, assessments, levies, duties, impositions, withholdings and other governmental charges (including taxes based upon or measured by gross receipts, income, profits, sales, use or occupation, and value added, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, withholding, payroll, social security, employment, excise and property taxes), together with all interest, penalties and additions imposed with respect to such amounts and any obligations under any agreements or arrangements with any other person with respect to such amounts;

 

7

 

 

Tax Act” means the Income Tax Act (Canada), as amended from time to time;

 

Tax Ordinance” means the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance (New Version), 5721–196;

 

Tax Returns” means all Tax returns, reports and forms (including withholding tax returns) for a Taxable period required to be filed by applicable federal, state, local or foreign Tax laws;

 

Termination Date” has the meaning given thereto in Section 9.1(e);

 

U.S. Person” has the meaning ascribed thereto in Regulation S, as promulgated under the 1933 Act;

 

Valdy Consideration Securities” means, collectively, the Valdy Consideration Shares, the Valdy Consideration Options, and the Valdy Consideration Legacy Warrants;

 

Valdy Consideration Legacy Warrants” has the meaning given thereto in Section 2.3;

 

Valdy Consideration Options” has the meaning given thereto in Section 2.2;

 

Valdy Consideration Shares” has the meaning given thereto in Section 2.1;

 

Valdy Financial Statements” means the audited financial statements of Valdy for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the unaudited financial statements of Valdy for the interim period ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, in each case including the notes thereto and related management’s discussion and analysis;

 

Valdy Material Agreements” means the Material Agreements set forth in Schedule 3.1(14) of this Agreement;

 

Valdy Post-Consolidation Shares” means the common shares in the capital of Valdy following completion of the Consolidation;

 

Valdy Public Disclosure Record” means all documents filed by Valdy under its profile on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval;

 

Valdy Shareholder Approval” means the approval of the shareholders of Valdy to amend and restate Valdy’s stock option plan in a form acceptable to INX, acting reasonably, subject to the approval of the Exchange; and

 

Valdy Shares” means the common shares in the capital of Valdy.

 

8

 

 

1.2Best of Knowledge

 

Any reference herein to “the best of the knowledge” of a Party will be deemed to mean the actual knowledge of the Party and the best of the knowledge which they would have had if they had conducted a diligent inquiry into the relevant subject matter.

 

1.3Schedules

 

The Schedules which are attached to this Agreement are incorporated into this Agreement by reference and are deemed to be part hereof.

 

1.4Currency

 

Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts referred to in this Agreement are in lawful money of Canada.

 

1.5Choice of Law and Attornment

 

This agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Province of British Columbia and the laws of Canada applicable therein. The Parties agree that the courts of that Province will have non-exclusive jurisdiction to determine all disputes and claims arising between the Parties.

 

1.6Interpretation Not Affected by Headings or Party Drafting

 

The division of this Agreement into articles, sections, paragraphs, subsections and clauses and the insertion of headings are for convenience of reference only and will not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement. The terms “this Agreement”, “hereof”, “herein”, “hereunder” and similar expressions refer to this Agreement and the Schedules hereto and not to any particular article, section, paragraph, clause or other portion hereof and include any agreement or instrument supplementary or ancillary hereto. Each Party hereto acknowledges that it and its legal counsel have reviewed and participated in settling the terms of this Agreement, and the Parties hereby agree that any rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguity is to be resolved against the drafting Party will not be applicable in the interpretation of this Agreement.

 

1.7Number and Gender

 

In this Agreement, unless there is something in the subject matter or context inconsistent therewith:

 

(a)words in the singular number include the plural and such words will be construed as if the plural had been used;

 

(b)words in the plural include the singular and such words will be construed as if the singular had been used; and

 

(c)words importing the use of any gender will include all genders where the context or Party referred to so requires, and the rest of the sentence will be construed as if the necessary grammatical and terminological changes had been made.

 

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1.8Time of Essence

 

Time will be of the essence hereof.

 

ARTICLE 2

EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES

 

2.1Exchange of INX Shares

 

(1)Subject to the terms and conditions herein and compliance with all applicable Laws, at the Closing Time:

 

(a)each INX Shareholder hereby agrees to transfer to Valdy that number of INX Shares as is set out next to the INX Shareholder’s name on Schedule “A” hereto, and all right, title and interest of the INX Shareholder in and to such INX Shares free and clear of all Encumbrances; and

 

(b)Valdy hereby agrees to issue and deliver to each INX Shareholder that number of Valdy Post-Consolidation Shares as is equal to the number of INX Shares held by the INX Shareholder multiplied by the Conversion Ratio (provided however that the number of Valdy Post-Consolidation Shares that shall be issued upon exchange of INX Shares issued pursuant to the INX Subscription Receipt shall not be multiplied by the Conversion Ratio but rather will be exchanged on a 1:1 basis) (each, a “Valdy Consideration Share”). Subject to Section 2.1(1)(c), an aggregate of 159,669,047 Valdy Consideration Shares shall be issued pursuant to this Section 2.1(1)(a), as set out on Schedule “A” hereto. The Valdy Consideration Shares shall be issued as fully paid and non-assessable shares of Valdy, free and clear of all Encumbrances.

 

(c)Notwithstanding Section 2.1(1)(b), to the extent that on or before the Closing Time, holders of INX Legacy Warrants exercise such INX Legacy Warrants into INX Shares, the aggregate number of Valdy Consideration Shares issuable pursuant to Section 2.1(1)(b) will increase in accordance with the Conversion Ratio, and the number of Valdy Consideration Legacy Warrants to be issued pursuant to Section 2.3 will decrease in a corresponding amount.

 

(2)INX hereby represents and warrants to Valdy that the INX Shareholders that have executed this Agreement as of the date hereof, together with INX Shareholders that will deliver Powers of Attorney in favour of INX, will hold at least 51% of the outstanding INX Shares as of the Closing Date.

 

(3)INX hereby represents and warrants to Valdy that, pursuant to the INX Articles to be in effect as of the Closing Date, because INX Shareholders holding at least 51% of the issued INX Shares as of the Closing Date have either executed this Agreement or will deliver Powers of Attorney in favour of INX, all remaining INX Shareholders will be obligated to sell their INX Shares to Valdy at the Closing Time in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

 

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2.2Exchange of INX Options

 

(1)Subject to the terms and conditions herein and compliance with all applicable Laws, at the Closing Time:

 

(a)each INX Option Holder hereby agrees to surrender for cancellation each INX Option held by it and all right, title and interest of the INX Option Holder in and to the INX Option; and

 

(b)Valdy hereby agrees to issue and deliver to each INX Option Holder, in exchange for each INX Option surrendered pursuant to Section 2.2(1)(a), an option to acquire Valdy Post-Consolidation Shares (each, a “Valdy Consideration Option”), having terms equivalent to the surrendered INX Option with respect to vesting conditions and expiry date, but adjusted such that: (i) the number of Valdy Post-Consolidation Shares issuable pursuant to the Valdy Consideration Option shall be the product of the number of INX Shares issuable pursuant to the INX Option, and the Conversion Ratio; and (ii) the exercise price for each Valdy Post- Consolidation Share issuable upon conversion of the Valdy Consideration Option shall be equal to the exercise price of the INX Option divided by the Conversion Ratio.

 

2.3Exchange of INX Legacy Warrants

 

(1)Subject to the terms and conditions herein and compliance with all applicable Laws, at the Closing Time:

 

(a)each INX Legacy Warrant Holder hereby agrees to surrender for cancellation each INX Legacy Warrant held by it and all right, title and interest of the INX Legacy Warrant Holder in and to the INX Legacy Warrant; and

 

(b)Valdy hereby agrees to issue and deliver to each INX Legacy Warrant Holder, in exchange for the INX Legacy Warrants surrendered pursuant to Section 2.3(1)(a), a warrant to acquire Valdy Shares (each, a “Valdy Consideration Legacy Warrant”), having terms equivalent to the surrendered INX Legacy Warrant with respect to expiry date, but adjusted such that: (i) the number of Valdy Post- Consolidation Shares issuable pursuant to the Valdy Consideration Warrant shall be the product of the number of INX Shares issuable pursuant to the INX Legacy Warrant, and the Conversion Ratio; and (ii) the exercise price for each Valdy Post-Consolidation Share issuable upon conversion of the Valdy Consideration Option shall be equal to the applicable exercise price of the INX Warrant divided by the Conversion Ratio.

 

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2.4Lock-Up Terms

 

(1)By entering into this Agreement, each INX Legacy Shareholder hereby agrees with each of INX, Valdy and the Agents to be subject to, and comply with, the Lock-Up Terms applicable to it based on the percentage of INX Legacy Shares (on an undiluted basis) held by it on the date hereof.

 

(2)By entering into this Agreement, each INX Option Holder hereby agrees to with each of INX, Valdy and the Agents to be subject to, and comply with, the Lock-Up Terms applicable to it based on the percentage of INX Legacy Shares (on a partially diluted basis) held by it on the date hereof.

 

(3)By entering into this Agreement, each INX Legacy Warrant Holder hereby agrees with each of INX, Valdy and the Agents to be subject to, and comply with, the Lock-Up Terms applicable to it based on the percentage of INX Legacy Shares (on a partially diluted basis) held by it on the date hereof.

 

2.5Treatment of INX Subscription Receipt Warrants

 

The Parties agree that, in accordance with the terms of the INX Subscription Receipt Warrants, at any time after the Closing Time, to the extent applicable, each holder of INX Subscription Receipt Warrants which is outstanding, shall receive (and such holder shall accept), in accordance with its terms and pursuant to the Securities Exchange, upon the exercise of such holder’s INX Subscription Receipt Warrants, in lieu of each INX Share to which such holder was theretofore entitled upon such exercise and for the same aggregate consideration payable therefor, the equivalent number of Valdy Post-Consolidation Shares as the number of INX Shares which were subject to such INX Subscription Receipt Warrants immediately prior to the Closing Time, and such INX Subscription Receipt Warrants shall otherwise continue to be governed by and subject to their terms.

 

2.6Tax Liability

 

Neither Valdy nor INX shall assume or be liable for any taxes under the Tax Act, the Code, the Tax Ordinance or any other taxes whatsoever which may be or become payable by the INX Shareholders including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any taxes resulting from or arising as a consequence of the transfer, exchange, or surrender by the INX Securityholders to Valdy of the INX Securities herein contemplated, and the INX Securityholders shall indemnify, on a several and not joint or joint and several basis, and save harmless each of Valdy and INX from and against all such taxes.

 

2.7Reorganization

 

If, prior to the Closing Date, Valdy sub-divides, consolidates, re-classifies or changes the Valdy Shares issuable hereunder, other than pursuant to the Consolidation (any such event, a “Reorganization”), then the number of Valdy Shares issuable to the INX Shareholders shall be adjusted effective immediately after the effective date of the Reorganization to a product which is the number of Valdy Shares issuable hereunder immediately prior to the Reorganization multiplied by a fraction: (A) the numerator of which is the number of Valdy Shares outstanding after giving effect to the Reorganization; and (B) the denominator of which is the number of Valdy Shares outstanding immediately prior to giving effect to the Reorganization.

 

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ARTICLE 3

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

3.1Representations and Warranties of Valdy

 

Valdy hereby represents and warrants to INX and the INX Securityholders as follows, and acknowledges that INX and the INX Securityholders are relying upon the accuracy of each of such representations and warranties in connection with the Securities Exchange and the completion of the other transactions hereunder:

 

(1)Corporate Authority and Binding Obligation

 

Valdy has good right, full power and absolute authority to enter into this Agreement and to perform all of its obligations under this Agreement. Valdy has taken all necessary actions, steps and corporate and other proceedings to approve or authorize, validly and effectively, the entering into of, and the execution, delivery and performance of, this Agreement. This Agreement is a legal, valid and binding obligation of Valdy, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms subject to (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, reorganization and other laws relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and (ii) the fact that equitable remedies, including the remedies of specific performance and injunction, may only be granted in the discretion of a court.

 

(2)Subsidiaries

 

Valdy has no subsidiaries.

 

(3)Capitalization

 

(a)The authorized capital of Valdy consists of an unlimited number of common shares without par value and an unlimited number of preferred shares without par value.

 

(b)As of the date hereof, Valdy has (i) 11,583,333 common shares issued and outstanding, (ii) 1,150,000 options to purchase common shares outstanding, (iii) 250,000 agent’s options to purchase common shares outstanding.

 

(c)There are no outstanding bonds, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness of Valdy having the right to vote (or that are convertible for or exercisable into securities having the right to vote) with the holders of the common shares of Valdy on any matter.

 

(d)Valdy has not, since the date of its incorporation, declared or paid any dividends or made any other distributions (in either case, in stock or property) on any of its shares.

 

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(4)No Other Purchase Agreements

 

Except as set forth in Section 3.1(3) and the Finder’s Fee Agreement, Valdy does not have any agreements, options, understanding or commitments, or any rights or privileges (whether by law, pre-emptive or contractual) capable of becoming an agreement, option or commitment, including convertible securities, warrants or convertible obligations of any nature, for:

 

(a)the purchase, subscription, allotment or issuance of, or conversion into, any of the unissued shares of Valdy; or

 

(b)the purchase from Valdy of any of the Valdy Shares.

 

(5)Contractual and Regulatory Approvals

 

Except for Exchange approval, Valdy is not under any obligation, contractual or otherwise, to request or obtain the consent of any Person, and no permits, licenses, certifications, authorizations or approvals of, or notifications to any Governmental Entity are required to be obtained by Valdy, in connection with the execution, delivery or performance by Valdy of this Agreement or the completion of the Securities Exchange.

 

(6)Status, Charter Documents and Licenses

 

(a)Valdy is a corporation duly incorporated and validly existing in all respects under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation. Valdy has all necessary corporate power and authority to own, lease or otherwise hold its properties and assets and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted and proposed to be conducted. Complete and correct copies of the constating documents of Valdy have been delivered to INX, the receipt of which is acknowledged.

 

(b)Valdy is duly licensed, registered and qualified as a corporation to do business, is up-to-date in the filing of all required corporate returns and other notices and filings and is otherwise in good standing in all respects, in each jurisdiction where it carries on business.

 

(7)Compliance with Charter Documents, Agreements and Laws

 

The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and each of the other agreements contemplated or referred to herein by Valdy, and the completion of the transactions contemplated hereby, will not conflict with nor constitute or result in a violation or material breach of or material default under, or cause the acceleration of any obligations of Valdy under:

 

(a)any term or provision of any of the constating documents of Valdy or any director or shareholder minutes; or

 

(b)the terms of any agreement (written or oral), indenture, instrument or understanding or other obligation or restriction to which Valdy is a party; or

 

(c)any term or provision of any License or any order or decree of any court, Governmental Entity or regulatory body or any Law or regulation of any jurisdiction.

 

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(8)Restrictions on Business Activities.

 

There is no arbitral award, judgment, injunction, constitutional ruling, order or decree binding upon Valdy that has or could reasonably be expected to have the effect of prohibiting, restricting, or impairing any business practice of Valdy, any acquisition or disposition of property by Valdy, or the conduct of the business by Valdy as currently conducted, which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Valdy.

 

(9)Issuance of Valdy Consideration Securities

 

When issued, the Valdy Consideration Securities to be issued to the INX Securityholders will be duly and validly issued by Valdy as fully paid and non-assessable securities and will not be issued in violation of the terms of any agreement or other understanding binding upon Valdy at the time that such securities are issued and will be issued in compliance with the constating documents of Valdy and all applicable Laws.

 

(10)Corporate Records

 

The corporate records and minute books of Valdy, copies of which have been provided to INX and made available to the INX Securityholders, contain complete and accurate minutes or written resolutions, as the case may be, of all meetings or actions by written resolution in lieu of holding such a meeting, of the directors and shareholders of Valdy at which resolutions were passed or adopted, as the case may be, since its incorporation. The share certificate books, register of shareholders and register of directors and officers and any similar corporate records of Valdy are complete and accurate.

 

(11)Shareholders Agreements, Etc.

 

There are no shareholders’ agreements, pooling agreements, voting trusts or other similar agreements with respect to the ownership or voting of any of the Valdy Shares.

 

(12)Financial Statements

 

The Valdy Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS, are true, correct and complete in all respects and present fairly the financial condition of Valdy as of the dates thereof, including the assets and liabilities of Valdy as of the dates thereof, and the revenues, expenses and results of the operations of Valdy for the fiscal years ended on the date thereof.

 

(13)Financial Records

 

All financial transactions of Valdy have been recorded in the financial books and records of Valdy in accordance with good business practice, and such financial books and records form the basis for the Valdy Financial Statements and the Valdy Financial Statements are derived from such books and records.

 

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(14)Material Agreements

 

Except for the Valdy Material Agreements listed and described in Schedule 3.1(14) of this Agreement, as of the date of this Agreement Valdy is not a party to any Material Agreement.

 

(15)No Breach of Material Agreements

 

Valdy has performed all of the material obligations required to be performed by it, and is entitled to all benefits under, and is not in default in respect of, any Valdy Material Agreement to which it is a party. Each of the Valdy Material Agreements is enforceable, is in full force and effect, unamended, and there exists no breach thereof or default or event of default or event, occurrence, condition or act with respect to Valdy or, to Valdy’s knowledge, with respect to the other contracting party or otherwise that, with or without the giving of notice, the lapse of time or the happening of any other event or conditions, would:

 

(a)become a default or event of default under any Valdy Material Agreement, or

 

(b)result in the loss or expiration of any right or option by Valdy (or the gain thereof by any third party) under any Valdy Material Agreement.

 

(16)Liabilities

 

There are no material liabilities of Valdy of any kind (whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise and whether matured or unmatured) existing on the date hereof except for:

 

(a)liabilities (including liabilities for unpaid Taxes) disclosed on, reflected in or provided for in the Valdy Financial Statements;

 

(b)liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business and attributable to the period since December 31, 2020, none of which, individually or in the aggregate, has a Material Adverse Effect on Valdy; and

 

(c)liabilities incurred in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated in this Agreement.

 

(17)Absence of Certain Material Changes or Events

 

Since the date of the Valdy Financial Statements:

 

(a)there has not been any event, circumstance or occurrence which has had or is reasonably likely to give rise to a Material Adverse Effect with respect to Valdy;

 

(b)no liability or obligation of any nature (whether absolute, accrued, contingent or otherwise and whether matured or unmatured) which has had or is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to Valdy has been incurred;

 

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(c)there has been no damage, destruction or loss of any material tangible assets, whether covered by insurance or not, that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Valdy;

 

(d)Valdy has not acquired or sold, pledged, leased, encumbered or otherwise disposed of any material property or assets or incurred or committed to incur capital expenditures in excess of $2,000 in the aggregate, as of the date hereof, nor has Valdy agreed to do any of the foregoing;

 

(e)Valdy has not entered into any Valdy Material Agreement, other than the Finder’s Fee Agreement and the Letter of Intent, or amended, modified, relinquished, terminated or failed to renew any Valdy Material Agreement, other than certain amendments to the terms of the escrow agreement among Valdy and certain of its securityholders and the terms of certain agent’s options issued by Valdy passed by resolutions of the shareholders of Valdy at a meeting held on March 12, 2021;

 

(f)Valdy has not made any change in accounting policies, principles, methods, practices or procedures (including for bad debts, contingent liabilities or otherwise); and

 

(g)there has been no waiver by Valdy or agreement to waive, any right of substantial value and Valdy has not entered into any commitment or transaction not in the ordinary course of business where such right, commitment or transaction is or would be material in relation to Valdy.

 

(18)Litigation

 

There are no actions, suits or proceedings, judicial or administrative (whether or not purportedly on behalf of Valdy) pending or, to the best of the knowledge of Valdy, threatened, by or against or affecting Valdy, at law or in equity, or before or by any court or any Governmental Entity. To the best of the knowledge of Valdy, there are no grounds on which any such action, suit or proceeding might be commenced with any reasonable likelihood of success.

 

(19)Tax

 

(a)All Tax Returns required to be filed by or on behalf of Valdy have been duly filed on a timely basis and such Tax Returns are true, complete and correct in all material respects. All Taxes shown to be payable on the Tax Returns or on subsequent assessments with respect thereto have been paid in full on a timely basis, and no other Taxes are payable by Valdy with respect to items or periods covered by such Tax Returns.

 

(b)Valdy has paid or provided adequate accruals in its financial statements for current Taxes, including income taxes and related deferred taxes, in conformity with IFRS applied on a consistent basis.

 

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(20)Reporting Issuer Status

 

(a)Valdy is a reporting issuer in the provinces of British Columbia and Alberta and is not on the list of reporting issuers in default under applicable securities Laws.

 

(b)The Valdy Shares are listed and posted for trading on the Exchange and Valdy is in compliance in all material respects with the rules and policies of the Exchange.

 

(c)Valdy is not subject to any cease trade or other order of any Governmental Entity, and, to the knowledge of Valdy, no inquiry, review or investigation (formal or informal) or other proceedings involving Valdy that may operate to prevent or restrict trading of any securities of Valdy are currently in progress or pending before any Governmental Entity, other than the trading halt of the Valdy Shares imposed in accordance with Exchange policies in connection with the public announcement of the proposed Qualifying Transaction.

 

(21)Public Disclosure Record

 

(a)Valdy has filed all documents required to be filed by it in accordance with applicable securities Laws with the applicable securities regulatory authorities to maintain Valdy’s status as a reporting issuer not on the list of reporting issuers in default under applicable securities Laws in the Provinces of British Columbia and Alberta. All such documents and information comprising the Valdy Public Disclosure Record, as of their respective dates (and the dates of any amendments thereto):

 

(i)did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading; and

 

(ii)complied in all material respects with the requirements of applicable securities Laws, and any amendments to the Valdy Public Disclosure Record required to be made have been filed on a timely basis with the applicable securities regulatory authorities.

 

(b)Valdy has not filed any confidential material change report with any securities regulatory authority that at the date of this Agreement remains confidential.

 

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(22)Related Party Transactions

 

Other than as set forth in the Valdy Public Disclosure Record, there are no contracts or other transactions currently in place between Valdy or its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and: (i) any officer or director of Valdy or its subsidiaries; (ii) any holder of record or, to the knowledge of Valdy, beneficial owner of 10% or more of the Valdy Shares; and (iii) any affiliate or associate of any such, officer, director, holder of record or beneficial owner, on the other hand.

 

(23)Compliance with Laws

 

Valdy has conducted and is conducting its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Laws, in each jurisdiction in which its business is carried on, is not in material breach of any of such Laws and is duly licensed or registered in each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases its property and assets or carries on its business, so as to enable its business to be carried on as now conducted and its property and assets to be so owned or leased. Valdy has carried on no business other than activities as a capital pool company seeking to identify and evaluate assets or business with a view to completing a Qualifying Transaction. Valdy has not received notice of any violation of applicable Laws in any jurisdiction. There are no material Licenses necessary to carry on Valdy’s business as presently carried on or to own or lease any of the property or the assets utilized by Valdy except where the lack of grant of such would not have a Material Adverse Effect on Valdy. Each License is valid and subsisting and in good standing and there is no default or breach of any License and, to the best of the knowledge of Valdy, no proceeding is pending or threatened to revoke or limit any License. No License is non-renewable, expires within 12 months or contains any burdensome term, provision, condition or limitation which has or could have a Material Adverse Effect on Valdy or the business or requires the consent, approval, permit or acknowledgement of any Person in connection with the completion of the transactions herein contemplated.

 

(24)Fees.

 

No broker, investment banker, financial advisor or other Person is entitled to any broker’s, finder’s, financial advisor’s or other similar fee or commission in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of Valdy, other than pursuant to the Finder’s Fee Agreement.

 

(25)Disclosure

 

The representations and warranties and other factual statements of Valdy contained in this Agreement, and all information in the Schedules hereto, taken as a whole, do not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made herein and therein not misleading.

 

3.2Representations and Warranties of INX

 

INX hereby represent and warrants to Valdy and the INX Securityholders as follows, and acknowledges that Valdy and the INX Securityholders are relying upon the accuracy of each of such representations and warranties in connection with the Securities Exchange and the completion of the other transactions hereunder:

 

(1)Corporate Authority and Binding Obligation

 

INX has good right, full power and absolute authority to enter into this Agreement and to perform all of its obligations under this Agreement. INX has taken all necessary actions, steps and corporate and other proceedings to approve or authorize, validly and effectively, the entering into of, and the execution, delivery and performance of, this Agreement. This Agreement is a legal, valid and binding obligation of INX, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms subject to (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, reorganization and other laws relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and (ii) the fact that equitable remedies, including the remedies of specific performance and injunction, may only be granted in the discretion of a court.

 

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(2)Subsidiaries

 

(a)INX has no subsidiaries other than:

 

(i)INX Services, Inc. (incorporated under the laws of Delaware);

 

(ii)INX Digital, Inc. (incorporated under the laws of Delaware);

 

(iii)INX Solutions Limited (incorporated under the laws of Gibraltar); and

 

(iv)Midgard Technologies Ltd. (incorporated under the laws of Israel).

 

INX is the sole registered and beneficial holder of all the issued and outstanding share capital of each of its subsidiaries.

 

(b)On January 12, 2021, INX entered into an asset purchase agreement with Openfinance Holdings, Inc. and certain subsidiaries of Openfinance Holdings, Inc. (collectively, “OFN” and the “Asset Purchase Agreement”). Upon closing of the transactions contemplated by the Asset Purchase Agreement, INX shall acquire various assets of OFN, including the entire share capital of Openfinance Securities, LLC, a Pennsylvania corporation.

 

(3)Capitalization

 

(a)The authorized capital of INX consists of 100,000,000 ordinary shares, GBP 0.001 par value each.

 

(b)As of the date hereof, INX has 15,225,231 ordinary shares issued and outstanding, all of which are held by the INX Shareholders.

 

(c)Other than the ESOP Commitments, there are no outstanding bonds, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness of INX having the right to vote (or that are convertible for or exercisable into securities having the right to vote) with the shareholders of INX on any matter.

 

(d)INX has issued INX Tokens pursuant to the INX Prospectus. Pursuant to the INX Articles, the INX Tokens are deemed not to be equity securities of INX.

 

(e)INX has not, since the date of its incorporation, declared or paid any dividends or made any other distributions (in either case, in stock or property) on any of its shares.

 

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(4)No Other Purchase Agreements

 

Other than as set out on Schedule “A” or in connection with the ESOP Commitments, no Person has any agreement, option, understanding or commitment, or any right or privilege (whether by law, pre-emptive or contractual) capable of becoming an agreement, option or commitment, including convertible securities, warrants or convertible obligations of any nature, for:

 

(a)the purchase, subscription, allotment or issuance of, or conversion into, any of the unissued shares of INX; or

 

(b)to the knowledge of INX, the purchase from the INX Securityholders of any of the INX Securities.

 

(5)Contractual and Regulatory Approvals

 

INX is not under any obligation, contractual or otherwise, to request or obtain the consent of any Person, and no permits, licenses, certifications, authorizations or approvals of, or notifications to, any Governmental Entity are required to be obtained by INX, in connection with the execution, delivery or performance by INX of this Agreement or the completion of the Securities Exchange.

 

(6)Status, Charter Documents and Licenses

 

(a)INX is duly incorporated and validly existing in all respects under the laws of its jurisdictions of incorporation. INX has all necessary corporate power and authority to own, lease or otherwise hold its properties and assets and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted and proposed to be conducted. Complete and correct copies of the constating documents of INX have been delivered to Valdy the receipt of which is acknowledged.

 

(b)INX is duly licensed, registered and qualified as a corporation to do business, is up-to-date in the filing of all required corporate returns and other notices and filings and is otherwise in good standing in all respects, in each jurisdiction where it carries on business.

 

(7)Restrictions on Business Activities.

 

There is no arbitral award, judgment, injunction, constitutional ruling, order or decree binding upon INX or its subsidiaries that has or could reasonably be expected to have the effect of prohibiting, restricting, or impairing any business practice of any of them, any acquisition or disposition of property by any of them, or the conduct of the business by any of them as currently conducted, which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on INX.

 

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(8)Compliance with Charter Documents, Agreements and Laws

 

The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and each of the other agreements contemplated or referred to herein by INX, and the completion of the transactions contemplated hereby, will not conflict with nor constitute or result in a violation or material breach of or material default under, or cause the acceleration of any obligations of INX under:

 

(a)any term or provision of any of the constating documents of INX or any director or shareholder minutes;

 

(b)the terms of any agreement (written or oral), indenture, instrument or understanding or other obligation or restriction to which any INX is a party; or

 

(c)any term or provision of any License or any order or decree of any court, Governmental Entity or regulatory body or any Law or regulation of any jurisdiction.

 

(9)Corporate Records

 

The corporate records and minute books of INX, copies of which have been provided to Valdy, contain complete and accurate minutes or written resolutions, as the case may be, of all meetings or actions by written resolution in lieu of holding such a meeting, of the directors and shareholders of INX at which resolutions were passed or adopted, as the case may be, since its incorporation. The share certificate books, register of shareholders and register of directors and officers and any similar corporate records of INX are complete and accurate.

 

(10)Shareholders Agreements, Shareholder Waivers, Etc.

 

(a)There are no shareholders’ agreements, pooling agreements, voting trusts or other similar agreements with respect to the ownership or voting of any of the INX Shares other than the INX Shareholders’ Agreement.

 

(b)Pursuant to the INX Articles, the INX Securityholder Approval provides INX the authority to execute this Agreement on behalf of the INX Shareholders upon exercise of the “Bring Along Rights” set out in Article 80D of the INX Articles.

 

(c)84% of the INX Shareholders (a) irrevocably subordinated their rights to receive any distributions and payments from INX prior to the payment in full by INX of all distributions owed to INX Token holders, and (b) irrevocably waived and subordinated their rights, in the event of an insolvency event of INX, to any cash held in a designated cash fund which INX had created for such purpose, as further detailed in the INX Prospectus (the “INX Shareholders Waiver”).

 

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(11)Financial Records

 

All financial transactions of INX have been recorded in the financial books and records of INX in accordance with good business practice and the INX Financial Statements present fairly the financial condition of INX.

 

(12)Liabilities

 

There are no material liabilities of INX of any kind (whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise and whether matured or unmatured) existing on the date hereof except for:

 

(a)liabilities (including liabilities for unpaid Taxes) disclosed on, reflected in or provided for in the INX Financial Statements;

 

(b)liabilities disclosed or referred to in this Agreement or Schedule 3.2(12) of this Agreement;

 

(c)liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business and attributable to the period since September 30, 2020, none of which, individually or in the aggregate, has a Material Adverse Effect on INX;

 

(d)liabilities incurred in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated in this Agreement; and

 

(e)liabilities of INX (and/or INX Securityholders) to holders of INX Tokens as set forth in the INX Prospectus.

 

(13)Absence of Certain Material Changes or Events

 

Since the date of the INX Financial Statements:

 

(a)there has not been any event, circumstance or occurrence which has had or is reasonably likely to give rise to a Material Adverse Effect with respect to INX;

 

(b)no liability or obligation of any nature (whether absolute, accrued, contingent or otherwise and whether matured or unmatured) which has had or is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to INX has been incurred;

 

(c)there has been no damage, destruction or loss of any material tangible assets, whether covered by insurance or not, that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on INX;

 

(d)Except for the sale of INX Tokens and grant of rights to holders of INX Tokens as set forth in the INX Prospectus and the transactions contemplated under the Open Finance Asset Purchase Agreement, INX has not acquired or sold, pledged, leased, encumbered or otherwise disposed of any material property or assets or incurred or committed to incur capital expenditures in excess of US$100,000 in the aggregate, as of the date hereof, nor has INX agreed to do any of the foregoing;

 

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(e)INX has not made any change in accounting policies, principles, methods, practices or procedures (including for bad debts, contingent liabilities or otherwise); and

 

(f)there has been no waiver by INX or agreement to waive, any right of substantial value and INX has not entered into any commitment or transaction not in the ordinary course of business where such right, commitment or transaction is or would be material in relation to INX.

 

(14)Material Agreements

 

Except for the INX Material Agreements listed and described in Schedule 3.2(14) of this Agreement, as of the date of this Agreement INX is not a party to any Material Agreement.

 

(15)No Breach of Material Agreements

 

INX has performed all of the material obligations required to be performed by it, and is entitled to all benefits under, and is not in default in respect of, any INX Material Agreement to which it is a party. Each of the INX Material Agreements is enforceable, is in full force and effect, unamended, and there exists no breach thereof or default or event of default or event, occurrence, condition or act with respect to INX or, to INX’s knowledge, with respect to the other contracting party or otherwise that, with or without the giving of notice, the lapse of time or the happening of any other event or conditions, would:

 

(a)become a default or event of default under any INX Material Agreement, or

 

(b)result in the loss or expiration of any right or option by Valdy (or the gain thereof by any third party) under any INX Material Agreement.

 

(16)Litigation

 

There are no actions, suits or proceedings, judicial or administrative (whether or not purportedly on behalf of INX) pending or, to the best of the knowledge of INX, threatened, by or against or affecting INX, at law or in equity, or before or by any court or Governmental Entity. To the best of the knowledge of INX, there are no grounds on which any such action, suit or proceeding might be commenced with any reasonable likelihood of success.

 

(17)Tax

 

(a)All Tax Returns required to be filed by or on behalf of INX have been duly filed on a timely basis and such Tax Returns are true, complete and correct in all material respects. All Taxes shown to be payable on the Tax Returns or on subsequent assessments with respect thereto have been paid in full on a timely basis, and no other Taxes are payable by INX with respect to items or periods covered by such Tax Returns.

 

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(b)INX has paid or provided adequate accruals in its financial statements for current Taxes, including income taxes and related deferred taxes, in conformity with IFRS applied on a consistent basis.

 

(18)Compliance with Laws

 

INX has conducted and is conducting its business in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Laws, in each jurisdiction in which its business is carried on, is not in material breach of any of such Laws and is duly licensed or registered in each jurisdiction in which it owns or leases its property and assets or carries on its business, so as to enable its business to be carried on as now conducted and its property and assets to be so owned or leased. INX has not received notice of any violation of applicable Laws in any jurisdiction. Schedule 3.2(18) of this Agreement sets out a complete and accurate list of all material Licenses and there are no other material Licenses necessary to carry on its business as presently carried on or to own or lease any of the property or the assets utilized by INX except where the lack of grant of such would not have a Material Adverse Effect on the INX business as currently conducted. Each License is valid and subsisting and in good standing and there is no default or breach of any License and, to the best of the knowledge of INX, no proceeding is pending or threatened to revoke or limit any License.

 

(19)Fees

 

No broker, investment banker, financial advisor or other Person is entitled to any broker’s, finder’s, financial advisor’s or other similar fee or commission in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of INX, other than fees and commissions payable to the selling agents pursuant to the Private Placement Financing.

 

(20)Disclosure

 

The representations and warranties and other factual statements of INX contained in this Agreement, and all information in the Schedules hereto, taken as a whole, do not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made herein and therein not misleading.

 

3.3Acknowledgements, Representations and Warranties of the INX Securityholders

 

Each of the INX Securityholders hereby severally, and not jointly or joint and severally, acknowledges, represents and warrants to Valdy and INX and acknowledges and confirms that Valdy and INX are relying upon the INX Securityholders’ acknowledgements, representations and warranties in connection with the Securities Exchange and the completion of the other transactions hereunder:

 

(1)No Conflict

 

Neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement, or any other agreements and instruments executed in connection with the Securities Exchange by the INX Securityholder nor the performance by the INX Securityholder of its obligations hereunder and thereunder will conflict with or result in:

 

(a)a violation, contravention or breach by the INX Securityholder of any of the terms, conditions or provisions of any agreement or instrument to which such the INX Securityholder is a party, or by which the INX Securityholder is bound or constitute a default by the INX Securityholder thereunder, or, to the knowledge of the INX Securityholder, after due inquiry, under any statute, regulation, judgment, decree or law by which the Shareholder is subject or bound, or result in the creation or imposition of any mortgage, lien, charge or Encumbrance of any nature whatsoever upon any of the INX Securityholder’s INX Securities; or

 

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(b)a violation by the INX Securityholder of any Law or regulation or any applicable order of any court, arbitrator or Governmental Entity having jurisdiction over the INX Securityholder.

 

(2)No Third Party Rights

 

No Person has any agreement or option or any right or privilege (whether pre-emptive or contractual) capable of becoming an agreement or option for the acquisition from the INX Securityholder of any of the INX Securityholder’s INX Securities.

 

(3)Power and Capacity

 

The INX Securityholder has all necessary power, authority and capacity to enter into the Agreement, and all other agreements and instruments to be executed by it as contemplated by the Agreement and to carry out its obligations under the Agreement, and such other agreements and instruments;

 

(4)Authorization

 

The execution and delivery of the Agreement, and such other agreements and instruments and the consummation of the transaction have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the INX Securityholder as may be required.

 

(5)Binding Obligation

 

The Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of the INX Securityholder enforceable against the INX Securityholder in accordance with its terms subject, however, to limitations with respect to enforcement imposed by law in connection with bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and to the extent that equitable remedies such as specific performance and injunctions are only available in the discretion of the court from which they are sought.

 

(6)Ownership

 

The INX Securityholder is the registered and legal beneficial owner of its INX Securities and has good and valid title thereto free and clear of any Encumbrances, other than the INX Shareholders Waiver.

 

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ARTICLE 4

SURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

4.1Survival of Warranties

 

The representations and warranties made by each of Valdy and INX contained in this Agreement, or contained in any document or certificate given in order to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby will survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement and shall expire and be terminated on the earlier of the Closing Time and the date on which this Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms. The representations and warranties made by the INX Securityholders contained in this Agreement, or contained in any document or certificate given in order to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby will survive the Closing Date and will continue in full force and effect for the benefit of the other Parties hereto for a period of 12 months from the Closing Date.

 

ARTICLE 5

COVENANTS

 

5.1Mutual Covenants of Valdy and INX

 

Each of Valdy and INX covenants and agrees that, from the date of the Agreement to the Closing Time, except with respect to any matter contemplated by this Agreement or any transaction contemplated by this Agreement or otherwise required by applicable Law, or with the consent of the other and the holders of majority interest of the INX Securityholders on a fully-diluted basis, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, it will:

 

(a)except as strictly required to give effect to the matters contemplated herein carry on business in, and only in, the ordinary course in substantially the same manner as heretofore conducted;

 

(b)not issue, authorize or propose the issuance of, or acquire or propose the acquisition of, any shares of its capital stock of any class or securities convertible into, or rights, warrants or options to acquire, any such shares or other convertible securities other than pursuant to the INX Token Offering and other than those currently outstanding or upon exercise of existing convertible securities (including ESOP Commitments) or as otherwise contemplated hereby;

 

(c)not alter or amend its articles or by-laws in any manner which may adversely affect the success of the Securities Exchange, except as strictly required to give effect to the matters contemplated herein;

 

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(d)take all actions within its control to ensure that the representations and warranties made by it remain true and correct at the Closing Time, with the same force and effect as if such representations and warranties were made at and as of the Closing Time, and to satisfy or cause to be satisfied the conditions in Article 6;

 

(e)promptly inform the other of any facts that come to its attention which would cause any of its representations and warranties in this Agreement to be untrue in any material respect;

 

(f)duly observe and perform each and every one of its covenants and agreements set forth in this Agreement;

 

(g)promptly inform the other in writing of any Material Adverse Change in respect of itself;

 

(h)prepare such financial statements of Valdy and INX, respectively, including any acquisition or pro forma financial statements, as may be required to be included in the Filing Statement;

 

(i)seek the Valdy Shareholder Approval or the INX Securityholder Approval, respectively; and

 

(j)at or before the Closing Time, use all commercially reasonable efforts to procure that all necessary steps and corporate proceedings are taken in order to facilitate the Securities Exchange.

 

5.2Covenants of Valdy

 

Valdy covenants and agrees that, from the date of this Agreement to the Closing Time, except with respect to any matter contemplated by this Agreement or otherwise required by applicable Law, or with the consent of INX, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, Valdy will use all commercially reasonable efforts to:

 

(a)change its name to “The INX Digital Company Inc.”, subject to the approval of the Exchange and as may be accepted by the Registrar (the “Name Change”);

 

(b)consolidate the Valdy Shares such that immediately prior to the Closing Time (but subsequent to the issuance of the Valdy Share pursuant to the Finder’s Fee Agreement), there shall be outstanding 5,000,000 Valdy Shares on a fully-diluted basis, including the issuance of Valdy Shares pursuant to the exercise of the securities described in Section 3.1(3)(b)(ii) and 3.1(3)(b)(iii) (the “Consolidation”);

 

(c)appoint the INX Nominees to replace the current slate of directors of Valdy immediately following the Closing Time;

 

(d)obtain the approval of the Exchange for the Securities Exchange and the listing and posting for trading on the Exchange of the Valdy Consideration Shares;

 

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(e)cause the Filing Statement to be filed with applicable regulatory authorities in all jurisdictions where the same is required to be filed; and

 

(f)implement the changes to the Valdy stock option plan reflected in the Valdy Shareholder Approval.

 

5.3Canadian Tax Election

 

(1)Valdy agrees to make a joint election with each Canadian Electing Holder pursuant to subsection 85(1) or 85(2) of the Tax Act (and any similar provision of any provincial tax legislation) (“Tax Election”) in respect of the exchange of their INX Shares for Valdy Consideration Shares pursuant to Section 2.1. However, Valdy will only make a Tax election with a Canadian Electing Holder who notifies Valdy in writing prior to the Closing Date of its intention to make a Tax Election. A tax instruction letter providing certain instructions on how to complete and return the Tax Election forms will be provided to such Canadian Electing Holders shortly after the Closing Date.

 

(2)Each Canadian Electing Holder will be solely responsible for ensuring the Tax Election form is completed correctly and filed with the Canada Revenue Agency (and any applicable provincial income tax authorities) by the required deadline. The “agreed amount” in the Tax Election will be selected by the Canadian Electing Holder, subject to the limitations set out in the Tax Act (and any applicable provincial tax legislation). Valdy will not be responsible for the proper completion or filing of any Tax Election form. With the exception of execution of the Tax Election form by Valdy, compliance with the requirements for a valid Tax Election will be the sole responsibility of the Canadian Electing Holder making the election. Accordingly, Valdy will not be responsible or liable for taxes, interest, penalties, damages or expenses resulting from the failure to properly complete any Tax Election form or to properly file it within the time prescribed and in the form prescribed under the Tax Act (or the corresponding provisions of any applicable provincial tax legislation).

 

ARTICLE 6

CONDITIONS

 

6.1Mutual Conditions Precedent

 

The respective obligations of the parties hereto to consummate the Securities Exchange are subject to the satisfaction, on or prior to the Closing Time, of the following conditions any of which may be waived by the mutual consent of such parties without prejudice to their rights to rely on any other or others of such conditions:

 

(a)this Agreement shall not have been terminated in accordance with Article 9;

 

(b)there will not be in force any order or decree restraining or enjoining the consummation of the Securities Exchange and there will be no proceeding of a judicial or administrative nature or otherwise, in progress or threatened that relates to or results from the transactions contemplated by this Agreement that would, if successful, result in an order or ruling that would preclude completion of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof;

 

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(c)all required regulatory and third party approvals will have been received, including the conditional approval of the Exchange for the Qualifying Transaction;

 

(d)receipt of the Valdy Shareholder Approval and the INX Securityholder Approval; and

 

(e)the completion of the Private Placement Financing for aggregate gross proceeds of no less than $15,000,000.

 

6.2Conditions to the Obligations of Valdy

 

Notwithstanding anything herein contained, the obligation of Valdy to complete the Securities Exchange will be subject to the fulfilment of the following conditions at or prior to the Closing Time, and INX covenants to use its commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that such conditions are fulfilled:

 

(a)INX and the INX Securityholders shall have performed, satisfied and complied with all obligations, covenants and agreements to be performed and complied with by them on or before the Closing Date pursuant to the terms of this Agreement and that, except as affected by the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the representations and warranties of INX and the INX Securityholders made in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as at the Closing Date;

 

(b)INX having no Indebtedness outstanding;

 

(c)Valdy will have executed an investor relations/market awareness contract with Creative Direct Marketing Group Inc. to take effect on the Closing Date on terms and conditions to be agreed to by INX, subject to requisite corporate approvals;

 

(d)INX having no more than 175,000,000 INX Shares issued and outstanding on a fully-diluted basis, which amount shall include INX Shares issuable pursuant to any convertible securities other than in respect of: (i) INX Options; and (ii) the Private Placement Financing;

 

(e)there will have been no Material Adverse Change with respect to INX; and

 

(f)at the Closing Time, INX will deliver to Valdy all of the documents set forth in Section 7.2(b).

 

The conditions contained in this Section 6.2 are inserted for the exclusive benefit of Valdy and may be waived in whole or in part by Valdy at any time. The completion of the Securities Exchange will be deemed to mean a waiver of all conditions by Valdy. INX acknowledges that the waiver by Valdy of any condition or any part of any condition will constitute a waiver only of such condition or such part of such condition, as the case may be, and will not constitute a waiver of any covenant, agreement, representation or warranty made by INX herein that corresponds or is related to such condition or such part of such condition, as the case may be.

 

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6.3Conditions to the Obligations of INX and the INX Securityholders

 

Notwithstanding anything herein contained, the obligations of INX and the INX Securityholders to complete the Securities Exchange will be subject to the fulfillment of the following conditions at or prior to the Closing Time, and Valdy will use its best efforts to ensure that such conditions are fulfilled:

 

(a)Valdy shall have performed, satisfied and complied with all obligations, covenants and agreements to be performed and complied with by them on or before the Closing Date pursuant to the terms of this Agreement and that, except as affected by the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the representations and warranties of Valdy made in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as at the Closing Date

 

(b)there will have been no Material Adverse Change with respect to Valdy;

 

(c)Valdy having a minimum of $800,000 in cash, and all liabilities of Valdy showing on the Valdy Financial Statements or incurred since that date shall have been eliminated, other than liabilities incurred in connection with any transaction contemplated by this Agreement or incurred following the date thereof to maintain Valdy’s status as a reporting issuer not in default in British Columbia and Alberta;

 

(d)the Exchange shall not have objected to the appointment of the INX Nominees to the board of directors of Valdy, or of the management nominees of INX to serve as officers of Valdy, each following the Closing Time;

 

(e)completion of the Name Change;

 

(f)completion of the Consolidation;

 

(g)receipt of a ruling from the Israeli tax authorities (“ITA”) in connection with the transactions contemplated herein in accordance with the provisions of Section 6.4;

 

(h)the Valdy Consideration Shares and the Valdy Consideration Legacy Warrants being free trading pursuant to applicable securities laws and, for those INX Shareholders who hold less than one (1%) percent of Valdy’s issued and outstanding share capital post-Closing, not subject to escrow under the rules of the Exchange; and

 

(i)the changes to the Valdy stock option plan reflected in the Valdy Shareholder Approval shall have been implemented;

 

(j)at the Closing Time, Valdy will deliver to INX and the INX Securityholders all of the documents set forth in Section 7.2(a).

 

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The conditions contained in this Section 6.3 hereof are inserted for the exclusive benefit of INX and the INX Securityholders and may be waived in whole or in part by INX on its own behalf or the INX Securityholders (or such percentage of INX Securityholders as may be required under the INX Articles) at any time. The completion of the Securities Exchange will be deemed to mean a waiver of all conditions by INX and the INX Securityholders. Valdy acknowledges that the waiver by INX of any condition or any part of any condition will constitute a waiver only of such condition or such part of such condition, as the case may be, and will not constitute a waiver of any covenant, agreement, representation or warranty made by Valdy herein that corresponds or is related to such condition or such part of such condition, as the case may be.

 

6.4Israeli Tax Ruling

 

INX has instructed its Israeli tax advisors to prepare and file with the ITA an application for a tax ruling in connection with the Israeli tax implication of the transactions contemplated under this Agreement on behalf of INX and INX Securityholders who elect to become a party to such a tax ruling requesting the ITA to defer any obligation to pay capital gains tax on the exchange of securities as part of the transactions contemplated under this Agreement (the “Israeli Income Tax Ruling”). The Parties shall use their best efforts to promptly take, or cause to be taken, all actions and to do, or cause to be done, all things necessary, proper or advisable to obtain the Israeli Income Tax Ruling as promptly as practicable. The Parties hereby agree, that to the extent so required under the relevant Israeli Income Tax Ruling, the Valdy Consideration Securities distributable hereunder shall be deposited with a paying agent, who shall act as a paying or escrow agent, subject to the terms of the Israeli Income Tax Ruling and a customary paying agent agreement shall be executed prior to the Closing Time by the Parties.

 

Each Party shall, and shall instruct its representatives to cooperate with the other Parties and their respective counsels and representatives, with respect to the preparation and filing of such applications and in the preparation of any written or oral submissions that may be necessary, proper or advisable to obtain the Israeli Income Tax Ruling or any related document.

 

ARTICLE 7
CLOSING

 

7.1Closing Date

 

The parties will use commercially reasonable efforts to complete the Securities Exchange by the Closing Date.

 

7.2Deliveries on Closing

 

At the Closing Time:

 

(a)Valdy will deliver to INX:

 

(i)duly executed share certificates of Valdy representing the Valdy Consideration Shares registered in the name of the INX Shareholders or as the INX Shareholders may direct no less than seven days prior to the Closing Date, and/or a direct deposit of the Valdy Consideration Shares into the non-certificated inventory system of CDS Clearing and Depository Services Inc., registered in the name of “CDS & Co.”;

 

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(ii)a copy of the resolution of the directors of Valdy authorizing: (A) the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the performance by Valdy of the terms of this Agreement; and (B) the issuance of the Valdy Consideration Securities hereunder;

 

(iii)resignations of Johnny Ciampi, James Decker, Jonathan McNair, and Neil Currie as directors and officers of Valdy;

 

(iv)evidence, satisfactory to INX, acting reasonably, of the Valdy Shareholder Approval;

 

(v)evidence, satisfactory to INX, acting reasonably, of the Consolidation;

 

(vi)evidence, satisfactory to INX, acting reasonably, of the appointment of the INX Nominees;

 

(vii)evidence, satisfactory to INX, acting reasonably, regarding the financial matters described in Section 6.3(c);

 

(viii)a certificate of name change confirming the Name Change;

 

(ix)a form of INX Shareholders Waiver, executed by Valdy; and

 

(x)a certificate of good standing in respect of Valdy.

 

(b)INX will deliver to Valdy:

 

(i)certificates representing the INX Legacy Shares, accompanied by stock transfer powers duly executed in blank or duly executed instruments of transfer;

 

(ii)acknowledgements, in a form reasonably acceptable to Valdy, that the holders of INX Subscription Receipts will be deemed to have been issued INX Shares exchanged at Closing for Valdy Shares;

 

(iii)duly executed share certificates of INX registered in the name of Valdy, representing all of the INX Shares;

 

(iv)evidence, satisfactory to Valdy, acting reasonably, of the INX Securityholder Approval and the implementation of changes to the Valdy stock option plan reflected therein;

 

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(v)a joinder agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as Schedule “C” to this Agreement, between INX and each of the INX Shareholders that has not executed this Agreement, which may be signed by INX on behalf of each INX Shareholder that has delivered a Power of Attorney in favour of INX;

 

(vi)a joinder agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as Schedule “C” to this Agreement, between INX and such INX Legacy Warrant Holders that have not executed this Agreement as of the date hereof as would result in INX Securityholders holding at most 5,000,000 INX Shares (on a fully diluted basis and after applying the Conversion Ratio) not being subject to the Lock-Up Terms, including in said 5,000,000 INX Shares the INX Shares held by the INX De Minimis Shareholders which are released from the Lock-Up Terms on the Closing Date; and

 

(vii)a copy of the resolution of the directors of INX authorizing the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the performance by INX of the terms of this Agreement.

 

7.3Closing Arrangements

 

Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the transactions contemplated herein will be closed on the Closing Date at the Closing Time at the offices of Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP, in the City of Toronto, or electronically.

 

7.4Advisory Agreements

 

The Parties agree that, upon completion of the Securities Exchange, Valdy shall enter into five year advisory agreements with each of James Decker and Johnny Ciampi in a form and substance reasonably acceptable to Valdy, INX and each of Mr. Decker and Mr. Ciampi with respect to their respective agreement, and such agreements shall provide for the issuance to Mr. Decker and Mr. Ciampi, as applicable, of 500,000 immediately vesting five year options to purchase Valdy Shares at a price of $1.25 per share and 500,000 immediately vesting five year options to purchase Valdy shares at a price of $2.50 per share.

 

ARTICLE 8

INDEMNIFICATION

 

8.1Indemnification by Valdy

 

(1)Valdy (in this Section 8.1, the “Indemnifying Party”) hereby agrees to indemnify and save INX and the INX Securityholders (each, in this Section 8.1, an “Indemnified Party”) harmless from and against any claims, demands, actions, causes of action, damage, loss, deficiency, cost, liability and expense (“Indemnified Losses”) which may be made or brought against the Indemnified Party or which the Indemnified Party may suffer or incur as a result of, in respect of or arising out of:

 

(a)any non-performance or non-fulfilment of any covenant or agreement on the part of the Indemnifying Party contained in this Agreement or in any document given in order to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby;

 

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(b)any misrepresentation, inaccuracy, incorrectness or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Indemnifying Party contained in this Agreement or contained in any document or certificate given in order to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby; and

 

(c)all costs and expenses including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees on a solicitor and client basis, incidental to or in respect of the foregoing.

 

8.2Indemnification by INX

 

(1)INX (in this Section 8.2 the “Indemnifying Party”) hereby agrees to indemnify and save Valdy and the INX Securityholders (each, in this Section 8.2, an “Indemnified Party”) harmless from and against any Indemnified Losses which may be made or brought against the Indemnified Party or which the Indemnified Party may suffer or incur as a result of, in respect of or arising out of:

 

(a)any non-performance or non-fulfilment of any covenant or agreement on the part of the Indemnifying Party contained in this Agreement or in any document given in order to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby;

 

(b)any misrepresentation, inaccuracy, incorrectness or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Indemnifying Party contained in this Agreement or contained in any document or certificate given in order to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby; and

 

(c)all costs and expenses including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees on a solicitor and client basis, incidental to or in respect of the foregoing.

 

8.3Indemnification by INX Securityholders

 

(1)Each INX Securityholder (each, in this Section 8.3, an “Indemnifying Party”) hereby agrees, on a several, and not joint or joint and several basis, to indemnify and save Valdy and INX (each, in this Section 8.3, an “Indemnified Party”) harmless from and against any Indemnified Losses which may be made or brought against the Indemnified Party or which the Indemnified Party may suffer or incur as a result of, in respect of or arising out of:

 

(a)any non-performance or non-fulfilment of any covenant or agreement on the part of the Indemnifying Party contained in this Agreement or in any document given in order to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby;

 

(b)any misrepresentation, inaccuracy, incorrectness or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Indemnifying Party contained in this Agreement or contained in any document or certificate given in order to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby; and

 

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(c)all costs and expenses including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees on a solicitor and client basis, incidental to or in respect of the foregoing.

 

(2)Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement, or of any agreement, certificate or other document made in order to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby, the maximum aggregate liability of an INX Securityholder hereunder in respect of all Indemnified Losses will not exceed the value of the consideration actually received by such Indemnifying Party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.

 

ARTICLE 9
TERMINATION

 

9.1Termination

 

This Agreement may, by notice given before or at the Closing Time, be terminated by:

 

(a)mutual agreement of Valdy and INX;

 

(b)either Valdy or INX upon notice to the other in the event that any condition set forth in this Agreement for their benefit is not satisfied to the satisfaction of such Party prior to the Closing Date or becomes incapable of being satisfied and such Party does not waive such condition;

 

(c)either Valdy or INX, if there shall be any Law that makes consummation of the Securities Exchange illegal or otherwise prohibited, any applicable regulatory authority having notified in writing either Valdy or INX that it will not permit the Securities Exchange to proceed, or if any judgment, injunction, order or decree of a competent Governmental Entity enjoining Valdy or INX from consummating the Securities Exchange shall be entered and such judgment, injunction, order or decree shall have become final and non-appealable;

 

(d)either Valdy or INX if the Private Placement Financing is not completed by April 30, 2021;

 

(e)either Valdy or INX upon notice to the other in the event that the Securities Exchange is not completed before the date that is 120 days following the date hereof, or such other date as Valdy and INX may agree in writing (the “Termination Date”);

 

(f)Valdy if:

 

(i)INX has breached any of its representations, warranties or covenants in this Agreement in any material respect and such breach is not curable or if curable, is not cured within five Business Days after notice thereof has been received by the Party alleged to be in breach;

 

(ii)there shall occur after the date hereof, any change, effect, event, circumstance or fact that constitutes a Material Adverse Effect in respect of INX; or

 

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(g)INX if:

 

(i)Valdy has breached any of its representations, warranties or covenants in this Agreement in any material respect and such breach is not curable or if curable, is not cured within five Business Days after notice thereof has been received by the Party alleged to be in breach; or

 

(ii)there shall occur after the date hereof, any change, effect, event, circumstance or fact that constitutes a Material Adverse Effect in respect of Valdy.

 

9.2Rights not Exclusive

 

Each Party’s right of termination under Section 9.1 hereto is in addition to any other rights it may have under this Agreement or otherwise, and the exercise of such right of termination will not be an election of remedies. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 9.1 hereto, all obligations of the Parties under this Agreement will terminate, except as provided under Section 9.3 hereto; provided, however, that for greater certainty if this Agreement is terminated by a Party because of the breach of the Agreement by another Party or because one or more of the conditions to the terminating Party’s obligations under this Agreement is not satisfied as a result of any other Party’s failure to comply with its obligations under this Agreement, the terminating Party’s right to pursue all legal remedies will survive such termination unimpaired.

 

9.3Expenses and Reimbursement

 

(1)All fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement shall be paid by the Party incurring such fees, costs or expenses, except that if the Securities Exchange does not complete for any reason, INX shall reimburse Valdy for all of its reasonable costs incurred in connection with obtaining the Valdy Shareholder Approval, up to a maximum of $15,000.

 

(2)Nothing in this Section 9.3 shall preclude a Party from seeking injunctive relief to restrain any breach or threatened breach of the covenants or agreements set forth in this Agreement or otherwise to obtain specific performance of any such covenants or agreements.

 

ARTICLE 10

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

10.1Further Assurances

 

Each Party hereby covenants and agrees that at any time and from time to time after the Closing Date it will, upon the request of the other Parties, do, execute, acknowledge and deliver or cause to be done, executed, acknowledged and delivered all such further acts, deeds, assignments, transfers, conveyances and assurances as may be required for the better carrying out and performance of all the terms of this Agreement.

 

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10.2Confidentiality

 

Except as may be required by any rule, regulation or law of any kind whatsoever which is applicable to a Party (including without limitation, the guidelines and instructions of the US Securities and Exchange Commission), or its directors, officers, employees, authorized agents or representatives, while this Agreement is in effect and for a period of three years thereafter, each of the Parties will keep confidential all discussions and communications between them (collectively, “Confidential Information”) including, without limitation, all information communicated therein and all written and printed materials of any kind whatsoever exchanged between them and, if requested by a Party to do so, such Party will arrange for its directors, officers, employees, authorized agents and representatives that are or that may become aware of the relationship between the Parties created by this Agreement to provide to the first Party a letter, in a form acceptable to the Parties hereto, confirming their agreement to be bound by these non-disclosure provisions. For the purposes hereof, “Confidential Information” will not include information that: (a) is already in a Party’s possession and not subject to any obligation of confidentiality; (b) is or becomes generally available to the public other than as a result of unauthorized disclosure by or through a Party; (c) is or becomes available to a Party on a non- confidential basis from the Party or from a source other than such Party, any party related to such Party or such Party’s advisors, provided that such source is not known by a Party to be bound by any obligation of confidentiality to the other Party.

 

10.3Notices

 

Any notice, designation, communication, request, demand or other document, required or permitted to be given or sent or delivered hereunder to any Party hereto will be in writing and will be sufficiently given or sent or delivered if it is:

 

(a)delivered personally to such Party or to an officer or director of such Party, as applicable, or

 

(b)sent to the Party entitled to receive it by registered mail, postage prepaid, mailed in Canada, or

 

(c)sent by electronic mail.

 

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Notices will be sent to the following addresses or email addresses:

 

(i)in the case of INX:

 

Unit 1.02, 1st Floor

6 Bayside Road

Gibraltar, GX11 1AA

Attention: Alan Silbert

Tel: +350 200 79000

Email: alan.silbert@inx.co

 

With copies, which shall not constitute notice, to each of:

 

Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP

333 Bay Street, Suite 2400

Toronto, Ontario M5H 2R2

Canada

 

Attention: Bradley Freelan

Email: bfreelan@fasken.com

 

and

 

Horn & Co. Law Offices

Amot Investments Tower, 2 Weizmann St.,

24th Floor, Tel-Aviv 6423902, Israel.

 

Attention: Yuval Horn, Adv.

Email: yhorn@hornlaw.co.il

 

(ii)in the case of Valdy:

 

Valdy Investments Ltd.

#902 – 510 Burrard Street

Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 3H1

Canada

 

Attention: Johnny Ciampi

Email: johnny@maxamcapitalcorp.com

 

with a copy, which shall not constitute notice, to:

 

Clark Wilson LLP 

900-885 West Georgia Street

Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 3H1

 

Attention: Bernard Pinsky

Email: BPinsky@cwilson.com

 

or to such other address or email addresses as the Party entitled to or receiving such notice, designation, communication, request, demand or other document, by a notice given in accordance with this Section, has communicated to the Party giving or sending or delivering such notice, designation, communication, request, demand or other document.

 

39

 

 

Any notice, designation, communication, request, demand or other document given or sent or delivered as aforesaid will:

 

(d)if delivered as aforesaid, be deemed to have been given, sent, delivered and received on the date of delivery;

 

(e)if sent by mail as aforesaid, be deemed to have been given, sent, delivered and received on the fourth Business Day following the date of mailing, unless at any time between the date of mailing and the fourth Business Day thereafter there is a discontinuance or interruption of regular postal service, whether due to strike or lockout or work slowdown, affecting postal service at the point of dispatch or delivery or any intermediate point, in which case it will be deemed to have been given, sent, delivered and received in the ordinary course of the mails, allowing for such discontinuance or interruption of regular postal service; and

 

(f)if sent by email, be deemed to have been given, sent, delivered and received on the date the sender receives an electronic acknowledgement back confirming receipt by the recipient or the next Business Day if sent after 5:00 p.m. PST or on a weekend or holiday whichever is later.

 

10.4Counterparts

 

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts by DocuSign or other form of electronic delivery, and delivered by email transmission or other means of electronic communication capable of producing a printed copy, each of which so executed will be deemed to be an original, and such counterparts together will constitute but one and the same instrument.

 

10.5Expenses of Parties

 

Except as otherwise provided herein, each of the Parties hereto will bear all expenses incurred by it in connection with this Agreement including, without limitation, the charges of their respective counsel, accountants, financial advisors and finders.

 

10.6Announcements

 

No announcement with respect to this Agreement will be made by any Party hereto without the prior approval of the other Parties. The foregoing will not apply to any announcement by any Party required in order to comply with securities laws or the requirements of relevant securities exchanges, in which case each Party will share with the other Parties in advance any announcement so that the other Parties may comment and arrange their announcements accordingly.

 

10.7Assignment

 

The rights of a Party hereunder are not assignable without the written consent of the other Parties.

 

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10.8Successors and Assigns

 

This Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any person, other than the Parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns, any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement.

 

10.9Entire Agreement

 

This Agreement and the Schedules referred to herein constitute the entire agreement among the Parties hereto and supersede all prior agreements, representations, warranties, statements, promises, information, arrangements and understandings, whether oral or written, express or implied, with respect to the subject matter hereof, including without limitation, the Letter of Intent. None of the Parties hereto will be bound or charged with any oral or written agreements, representations, warranties, statements, promises, information, arrangements or understandings not specifically set forth in this Agreement or in the Schedules, documents and instruments to be delivered before the Closing Date pursuant to this Agreement. The Parties hereto further acknowledge and agree that, in entering into this Agreement and in delivering the Schedules, documents and instruments to be delivered at the Closing Date, they have not in any way relied, and will not in any way rely, upon any oral or written agreements, representations, warranties, statements, promises, information, arrangements or understandings, express or implied, not specifically set forth in this Agreement or in such Schedules, documents or instruments.

 

10.10Amendments

 

No modification or amendment to this Agreement may be made unless agreed to by the Parties hereto in writing, provided that approvals by the INX Securityholders may be provided by a holders of majority interest of the INX Securityholders on a fully-diluted basis.

 

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank. Signature page follows.]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have duly executed this agreement as of the day and year first above written.

 

  INX LIMITED, on its own behalf and on behalf of the INX Securityholders who have not executed herein
     
  By: “Alan Silbert”
    Name: Alan Silbert
    Title: Director
       
  VALDY INVESTMENTS LTD.
       
  By: “Johnny Ciampi”
    Name: Johnny Ciampi
    Title: Chief Financial Officer and Director
       
  PI FINANCIAL CORP.
       
  By: “Vay Tham”
    Name: Vay Tham
    Title: MD, Investment Banking
       
  EIGHT CAPITAL
       
  By: “Stephen Delany”
    Name:  Stephen Delaney
    Title: Principal, Head of Investment Banking

 

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SCHEDULE “B-1”

 

LOCK-UP TERMS (SHY DATIKA)

 

1.The applicable INX Securityholder (the “Locked-up Securityholder”) understands that INX Limited (“INX” or the “Company”) is entering into the securities exchange agreement to which this Schedule is attached (the “Definitive Agreement”) with, among others, Valdy Investments Inc. (“Valdy”), to complete a reverse takeover pursuant to which the business of INX shall become the business of Valdy (the “Reverse Takeover”) and, upon completion of the Reverse Takeover, the securityholders of the Company will hold the majority of the outstanding equity securities of Valdy (the “Resulting Issuer Shares”), and INX will be the resulting issuer of the Reverse Takeover (the “Resulting Issuer”).

 

2.The Locked-up Securityholder also understands that in connection with the Reverse Takeover, the Company intends to enter into an agency agreement (the “Agency Agreement”) with PI Financial Corp. and Eight Capital, as joint book-runners and co-lead agents (the “Agents”) relating to an offering (the “Offering”) of subscription receipts (the “Subscription Receipts”) of INX. Each Subscription Receipt will entitle the holder thereof to receive one common share of INX (each, an “Underlying Share”) and one half of one common share purchase warrant of INX (each, an “Underlying Warrant”) upon satisfaction or waiver of certain specified escrow release conditions. In connection with the Reverse Takeover, each Underlying Share will be exchanged for common shares of the Resulting Issuer pursuant to the Conversion Ratio (the “Resulting Issuer Shares”). The Underlying Warrants will remain outstanding and thereafter entitle the holder thereof to acquire one Resulting Issuer Share on the same terms and conditions on an economically equivalent basis.

 

3.In consideration for the benefit that the Offering and the Reverse Takeover will confer upon the Locked-up Securityholder, the Locked-up Securityholder agrees with the Agents, Valdy and the Company (and, following the Reverse Takeover, the Resulting Issuer) that during the period commencing on the closing of the Offering (the “Closing Date”) and ending 24 months following the closing of the Reverse Takeover (the “Lock-up Period”), the Locked-up Securityholder will not, directly or indirectly (the “Restrictions”): (i) offer, sell, contract to sell, transfer, assign, secure, hypothecate, pledge, lend, swap, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant for the sale of, or otherwise dispose of (whether through the facilities of a stock exchange, by private placement or otherwise) or transfer any securities of the Company or an affiliate of the Company or any Resulting Issuer Shares, or securities convertible or exchangeable into equity securities of the Company or any affiliate of the Company or into Resulting Issuer Shares, in each case, whether owned by the Locked-up Securityholder or the Locked-up Securityholder has the power of disposition, including those listed below the undersigned’s signature (collectively, the “Locked-up Securities”); (ii) make any short sale, engage in any hedging transaction, or enter into any swap or other arrangement or transaction that transfers, in whole or part, to another person any of the economic consequences of ownership of any Locked-up Securities, whether any such swap or transaction is to be settled by delivery of securities, in cash or otherwise, as the case may be; or (iii) otherwise publicly announce (by press release or other public platform of dissemination) any intention to do any of the activities restricted by (i) and (ii).

 

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4.For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Schedule, “Locked-up Securities” shall include any additional Locked-up Securities acquired by the Locked-up Securityholder following the Closing Date (which shall be treated as if they were originally held on the Closing Date by the Locked-up Securityholder) other than those Locked-Up Securities acquired pursuant to the Offering.

 

5.The Restrictions will not apply if the prior written consent of the Agents, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed, has been obtained by the Locked-up Securityholder in connection with any transaction involving Locked-up Securities.

 

6.Nothing in this Schedule shall prohibit or otherwise restrict the transfer, sale or tender of any or all of the Locked-up Securities: (i) during the Lock-up Period pursuant to a Business Combination (as defined below); provided, all Locked-up Securities that are not so transferred, sold or tendered remain subject to this Schedule, and provided, further, that it shall be a condition of transfer that if such Business Combination is not completed, any Locked-up Securities subject to this Schedule shall remain subject to the restrictions herein for the balance of the Restricted Period; or (ii) in connection with transfers to any affiliates of the Locked-up Securityholder, any immediate family members of the Locked- up Securityholder, or any company, trust or other entity owned by or maintained for the benefit of the Locked-up Securityholder or any immediate family members of the Locked- up Securityholder. For the purposes of this lock-up agreement, “Business Combination” means: (a) a bona fide formal take-over bid (as defined in the Securities Act (Ontario)) made for all outstanding Resulting Issuer Shares or which, if successful, would result in a change of control; (b) a bona fide formal issuer bid (as defined in the Securities Act (Ontario)) made for all outstanding Resulting Issuer Shares; (c) an amalgamation that results in a change of control; or (d) a merger or similar statutory procedure involving a change of control.

 

7.The Locked-up Securityholder hereby acknowledges and agrees that during the Lock-up Period the Company (or, following the Reverse Takeover, the Resulting Issuer) may cause any transfer agent for any of the Locked-up Securities to decline to transfer, and to note stop transfer restrictions on the share register and other records relating to, the Locked-up Securities for which the Locked-up Securityholder is the record or beneficial holder.

 

8.The Locked-up Securityholder acknowledges that he or she has been advised to seek independent legal advice with respect to the matters contained in this Schedule and has either obtained such advice or has waived his or her right to do so. Should any part of this Schedule be declared or held to be invalid for any reason, the invalidity will not affect the validity of the remainder of this Schedule which will continue in full force and effect and be construed as if this Schedule had been executed without the invalid portion and it is hereby declared the intention of the parties that this Schedule would have been executed without reference to any portion that may, for any reason, be hereafter declared or held invalid. The Locked-up Securityholder consents to the details of this Schedule being made publicly available. This Schedule is irrevocable and will be binding upon and enure to the benefit of the parties and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, personal representatives, successors and assigns. The Locked-up Securityholder understands that the Agents are relying upon this Schedule in proceeding towards consummation of the Offering.

 

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SCHEDULE “B-2”

 

LOCK-UP TERMS (1% OR GREATER)

 

1.The applicable INX Securityholder (the “Locked-up Securityholder”) understands that INX Limited (“INX” or the “Company”) is entering into the securities exchange agreement to which this Schedule is attached (the “Definitive Agreement”) with, among others, Valdy Investments Inc. (“Valdy”), to complete a reverse takeover pursuant to which the business of INX shall become the business of Valdy (the “Reverse Takeover”) and, upon completion of the Reverse Takeover, the securityholders of the Company will hold the majority of the outstanding equity securities of Valdy (the “Resulting Issuer Shares”), and INX will be the resulting issuer of the Reverse Takeover (the “Resulting Issuer”).

 

2.The Locked-up Securityholder also understands that in connection with the Reverse Takeover, the Company intends to enter into an agency agreement (the “Agency Agreement”) with PI Financial Corp. and Eight Capital, as joint book-runners and co-lead agents (the “Agents”) relating to an offering (the “Offering”) of subscription receipts (the “Subscription Receipts”) of INX. Each Subscription Receipt will entitle the holder thereof to receive one common share of INX (each, an “Underlying Share”) and one half of one common share purchase warrant of INX (each, an “Underlying Warrant”) upon satisfaction or waiver of certain specified escrow release conditions. In connection with the Reverse Takeover, each Underlying Share will be exchanged for common shares of the Resulting Issuer pursuant to the Conversion Ratio (the “Resulting Issuer Shares”). The Underlying Warrants will remain outstanding and thereafter entitle the holder thereof to acquire one Resulting Issuer Share on the same terms and conditions on an economically equivalent basis.

 

3.In consideration for the benefit that the Offering and the Reverse Takeover will confer upon the Locked-up Securityholder, the Locked-up Securityholder agrees with the Agents, Valdy and the Company (and, following the Reverse Takeover, the Resulting Issuer) that during the period commencing on the closing of the Offering (the “Closing Date”) and ending 24 months following the closing of the Reverse Takeover (the “Lock-up Period”), the Locked-up Securityholder will not, directly or indirectly (the “Restrictions”): (i) offer, sell, contract to sell, transfer, assign, secure, hypothecate, pledge, lend, swap, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant for the sale of, or otherwise dispose of (whether through the facilities of a stock exchange, by private placement or otherwise) or transfer any securities of the Company or an affiliate of the Company or any Resulting Issuer Shares, or securities convertible or exchangeable into equity securities of the Company or any affiliate of the Company or into Resulting Issuer Shares, in each case, whether owned by the Locked-up Securityholder or the Locked-up Securityholder has the power of disposition, including those listed below the undersigned’s signature (collectively, the “Locked-up Securities”); (ii) make any short sale, engage in any hedging transaction, or enter into any swap or other arrangement or transaction that transfers, in whole or part, to another person any of the economic consequences of ownership of any Locked-up Securities, whether any such swap or transaction is to be settled by delivery of securities, in cash or otherwise, as the case may be; or (iii) otherwise publicly announce (by press release or other public platform of dissemination) any intention to do any of the activities restricted by (i) and (ii).

 

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4.The Locked-up Securities shall be automatically released from the Restrictions as follows:

 

Date Following the Closing
Date of the Reverse
Takeover
 

Percentage of Lock-up
Securities

(as of the date hereof)

6 months   20%
9 months   20%
12 months   20%
15 months   20%
18 months   20%

 

5.For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Schedule, “Locked-up Securities” shall include any additional Locked-up Securities acquired by the Locked-up Securityholder following the Closing Date (which shall be treated as if they were originally held on the Closing Date by the Locked-up Securityholder) other than those Locked-Up Securities acquired pursuant to the Offering.

 

6.The Restrictions will not apply if the prior written consent of the Agents, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed, has been obtained by the Locked-up Securityholder in connection with any transaction involving Locked-up Securities.

 

7.Nothing in this Schedule shall prohibit or otherwise restrict the transfer, sale or tender of any or all of the Locked-up Securities: (i) during the Lock-up Period pursuant to a Business Combination (as defined below); provided, all Locked-up Securities that are not so transferred, sold or tendered remain subject to this Schedule, and provided, further, that it shall be a condition of transfer that if such Business Combination is not completed, any Locked-up Securities subject to this Schedule shall remain subject to the restrictions herein for the balance of the Restricted Period; or (ii) in connection with transfers to any affiliates of the Locked-up Securityholder, any immediate family members of the Locked- up Securityholder, or any company, trust or other entity owned by or maintained for the benefit of the Locked-up Securityholder or any immediate family members of the Locked- up Securityholder. For the purposes of this lock-up agreement, “Business Combination” means: (a) a bona fide formal take-over bid (as defined in the Securities Act (Ontario)) made for all outstanding Resulting Issuer Shares or which, if successful, would result in a change of control; (b) a bona fide formal issuer bid (as defined in the Securities Act (Ontario)) made for all outstanding Resulting Issuer Shares; (c) an amalgamation that results in a change of control; or (d) a merger or similar statutory procedure involving a change of control.

 

8.The Locked-up Securityholder hereby acknowledges and agrees that during the Lock-up Period the Company (or, following the Reverse Takeover, the Resulting Issuer) may cause any transfer agent for any of the Locked-up Securities to decline to transfer, and to note stop transfer restrictions on the share register and other records relating to, the Locked-up Securities for which the Locked-up Securityholder is the record or beneficial holder.

 

9.The Locked-up Securityholder acknowledges that he or she has been advised to seek independent legal advice with respect to the matters contained in this Schedule and has either obtained such advice or has waived his or her right to do so. Should any part of this Schedule be declared or held to be invalid for any reason, the invalidity will not affect the validity of the remainder of this Schedule which will continue in full force and effect and be construed as if this Schedule had been executed without the invalid portion and it is hereby declared the intention of the parties that this Schedule would have been executed without reference to any portion that may, for any reason, be hereafter declared or held invalid. The Locked-up Securityholder consents to the details of this Schedule being made publicly available. This Schedule is irrevocable and will be binding upon and enure to the benefit of the parties and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, personal representatives, successors and assigns. The Locked-up Securityholder understands that the Agents are relying upon this Schedule in proceeding towards consummation of the Offering.

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SCHEDULE “B-3”

 

LOCK-UP TERMS (LESS THAN 1%)

 

1.The applicable INX Securityholder (the “Locked-up Securityholder”) understands that INX Limited (“INX” or the “Company”) is entering into the securities exchange agreement to which this Schedule is attached (the “Definitive Agreement”) with, among others, Valdy Investments Inc. (“Valdy”), to complete a reverse takeover pursuant to which the business of INX shall become the business of Valdy (the “Reverse Takeover”) and, upon completion of the Reverse Takeover, the securityholders of the Company will hold the majority of the outstanding equity securities of Valdy (the “Resulting Issuer Shares”), and INX will be the resulting issuer of the Reverse Takeover (the “Resulting Issuer”).

 

2.The Locked-up Securityholder also understands that in connection with the Reverse Takeover, the Company intends to enter into an agency agreement (the “Agency Agreement”) with PI Financial Corp. and Eight Capital, as joint book-runners and co- lead agents (the “Agents”) relating to an offering (the “Offering”) of subscription receipts (the “Subscription Receipts”) of INX. Each Subscription Receipt will entitle the holder thereof to receive one common share of INX (each, an “Underlying Share”) and one half of one common share purchase warrant of INX (each, an “Underlying Warrant”) upon satisfaction or waiver of certain specified escrow release conditions. In connection with the Reverse Takeover, each Underlying Share will be exchanged for common shares of the Resulting Issuer pursuant to the Conversion Ratio (the “Resulting Issuer Shares”). The Underlying Warrants will remain outstanding and thereafter entitle the holder thereof to acquire one Resulting Issuer Share on the same terms and conditions on an economically equivalent basis.

 

3.In consideration for the benefit that the Offering and the Reverse Takeover will confer upon the Locked-up Securityholder, the Locked-up Securityholder agrees with the Agents, Valdy and the Company (and, following the Reverse Takeover, the Resulting Issuer) that during the period commencing on the closing of the Offering (the “Closing Date”) and ending 24 months following the closing of the Reverse Takeover (the “Lock- up Period”), the Locked-up Securityholder will not, directly or indirectly (the “Restrictions”): (i) offer, sell, contract to sell, transfer, assign, secure, hypothecate, pledge, lend, swap, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant for the sale of, or otherwise dispose of (whether through the facilities of a stock exchange, by private placement or otherwise) or transfer any securities of the Company or an affiliate of the Company or any Resulting Issuer Shares, or securities convertible or exchangeable into equity securities of the Company or any affiliate of the Company or into Resulting Issuer Shares, in each case, whether owned by the Locked-up Securityholder or the Locked-up Securityholder has the power of disposition, including those listed below the undersigned’s signature (collectively, the “Locked-up Securities”); (ii) make any short sale, engage in any hedging transaction, or enter into any swap or other arrangement or transaction that transfers, in whole or part, to another person any of the economic consequences of ownership of any Locked-up Securities, whether any such swap or transaction is to be settled by delivery of securities, in cash or otherwise, as the case may be; or (iii) otherwise publicly announce (by press release or other public platform of dissemination) any intention to do any of the activities restricted by (i) and (ii).

 

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4.The Locked-up Securities shall be automatically released from the Restrictions as follows:

 

Date Following the
Closing Date of the Reverse
Takeover
 

Percentage of Lock-up
Securities

(as of the date hereof)

On closing   10%
6 months   18%
9 months   18%
12 months   18%
15 months   18%
18 months   18%

 

5.For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Schedule, “Locked-up Securities” shall include any additional Locked-up Securities acquired by the Locked-up Securityholder following the Closing Date (which shall be treated as if they were originally held on the Closing Date by the Locked-up Securityholder) other than those Locked-Up Securities acquired pursuant to the Offering.

 

6.The Restrictions will not apply if the prior written consent of the Agents, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed, has been obtained by the Locked-up Securityholder in connection with any transaction involving Locked-up Securities.

 

7.Nothing in this Schedule shall prohibit or otherwise restrict the transfer, sale or tender of any or all of the Locked-up Securities: (i) during the Lock-up Period pursuant to a Business Combination (as defined below); provided, all Locked-up Securities that are not so transferred, sold or tendered remain subject to this Schedule, and provided, further, that it shall be a condition of transfer that if such Business Combination is not completed, any Locked-up Securities subject to this Schedule shall remain subject to the restrictions herein for the balance of the Restricted Period; or (ii) in connection with transfers to any affiliates of the Locked-up Securityholder, any immediate family members of the Locked-up Securityholder, or any company, trust or other entity owned by or maintained for the benefit of the Locked-up Securityholder or any immediate family members of the Locked-up Securityholder. For the purposes of this lock-up agreement, “Business Combination” means: (a) a bona fide formal take-over bid (as defined in the Securities Act (Ontario)) made for all outstanding Resulting Issuer Shares or which, if successful, would result in a change of control; (b) a bona fide formal issuer bid (as defined in the Securities Act (Ontario)) made for all outstanding Resulting Issuer Shares; (c) an amalgamation that results in a change of control; or (d) a merger or similar statutory procedure involving a change of control.

 

8.The Locked-up Securityholder hereby acknowledges and agrees that during the Lock-up Period the Company (or, following the Reverse Takeover, the Resulting Issuer) may cause any transfer agent for any of the Locked-up Securities to decline to transfer, and to note stop transfer restrictions on the share register and other records relating to, the Locked-up Securities for which the Locked-up Securityholder is the record or beneficial holder.

 

9.The Locked-up Securityholder acknowledges that he or she has been advised to seek independent legal advice with respect to the matters contained in this Schedule and has either obtained such advice or has waived his or her right to do so. Should any part of this Schedule be declared or held to be invalid for any reason, the invalidity will not affect the validity of the remainder of this Schedule which will continue in full force and effect and be construed as if this Schedule had been executed without the invalid portion and it is hereby declared the intention of the parties that this Schedule would have been executed without reference to any portion that may, for any reason, be hereafter declared or held invalid. The Locked-up Securityholder consents to the details of this Schedule being made publicly available. This Schedule is irrevocable and will be binding upon and enure to the benefit of the parties and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, personal representatives, successors and assigns. The Locked-up Securityholder understands that the Agents are relying upon this Schedule in proceeding towards consummation of the Offering.

 

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SCHEDULE “C”

 

FORM OF JOINDER AGREEMENT

 

This JOINDER AGREEMENT (the “Joinder Agreement”) is executed on _____________________ by the undersigned (“Holder”) pursuant to the terms of that certain Securities Exchange Agreement dated as of March 31st, 2021 (the “Agreement”), by and among INX Limited (the “Company”), Valdy Investments Ltd., the Agents (as defined therein), and each holder of outstanding securities of INX Limited, as such Agreement may be amended and restated hereafter. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Joinder Agreement shall have the respective meanings ascribed to such terms in the Agreement. By the execution of this Joinder Agreement, Holder agrees as follows.

 

1.1Acknowledgement. Holder acknowledges that Holder is the beneficial owner of certain INX [Shares/Legacy Warrants] and has been recorded on the books of the Company as the holder of such INX [Shares/Legacy Warrants].

 

1.2Agreement. Holder hereby (a) agrees to exchange its INX [Shares/Legacy Warrants] in accordance with the terms of Section [2.1/2.3] of the Agreement, and (b) adopts the Agreement with the same force and effect as if Holder were originally a party thereto.

 

1.3Notice. Any notice required or permitted by the Agreement shall be given to Holder at the address or facsimile number listed below Holder’s signature hereto.

 

ACCEPTED AND AGREED: HOLDER:
   
  By:                              
   
  INX LIMITED
   
  By:  
    Name:                       
    Title:  

 

 

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EX-4.29 4 f20f2020ex4-29_inxlimited.htm EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT DATED APRIL 26, 2021 BETWEEN CATHERINE YOON AND INX DIGITAL, INC

Exhibit 4.29

 

EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

 

This EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) between INX Digital, Inc. (the “Company”), a company incorporated under the laws of Delaware and a wholly-owned subsidiary of INX Limited (“INX Ltd”), and Ms. Catherine Yoon (the “Executive”) is effective as of April 26, 2021 (the “Effective Date”). The Company, INX Limited, and INX Services, Inc. (“INX Services”) shall be jointly referred to as the “Group”.

 

W I T N E S S E T H:

 

WHEREAS, the Company desires the Executive to provide employment services to the Company, and wishes to provide the Executive with certain compensation and benefits in return for such employment services; and

 

WHEREAS, the Executive wishes to be employed by the Company and to provide her services to the Company in return for certain compensation and benefits;

 

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing, of the mutual promises contained herein and of other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

 

1. EMPLOYMENT TERM.

 

The Company hereby offers to engage the Executive, and the Executive hereby accepts such offer by the Company, upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, during the period commencing on the Effective Date and ending on the date of the termination of the Executive’s employment in accordance with Section 6 below (the “Employment Term”). The Executive shall be employed at will, meaning that either the Company or the Executive may terminate this Agreement and the Executive’s employment at any time, for any reason or no reason, with or without cause, subject to the terms of this Agreement.

 

2. POSITION & DUTIES.

 

(a) The Executive shall serve as the General Counsel (the “Position”) of the Company and of additional companies within the Group. The Executive shall report directly to Mr. Alan Silbert (“Supervising Officer”) or to any other person designated for such purpose by him or, if Mr. Alan Silbert is no longer at the Company, to the CEO or President (or equivalent role) of the Company.

 

(b) The Executive shall have such duties, authorities and responsibilities as are commensurate with such position and such other duties and responsibilities as the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) and INX Limited's Board of Directors (the "INX Ltd Board") shall designate that are consistent with the Executive’s position (the “Services”). If there is a conflict between the instructions or delegation of duties, the Board will control. The Executive’s Services shall include but not be limited to:

 

(i) Develop and lead corporate legal strategy to promote and protect the company’s matters;

 

 

 

(ii) Oversee delivery of legal services and resources to accomplish corporate goals, strategies, and priorities;

 

(iii) Maintain proper corporate interactions with the relevant local, state and federal government bodies, legislatures and the community at large;

 

(iv) Advising the Supervising Officer and other senior corporate officers on a variety of issues;

 

(v) Developing and leading internal audit and corporate compliance programs;

 

(vi) Participate in the formulation of general management policy as a member of the executive management team; and

 

(vii) Manage a team of corporate counsel and other members of the legal department.

 

(c) During the Employment Term, the Executive agrees to devote her full business time, attention and energies to the performance of all of the lawful duties, responsibilities and authority that may be assigned to heri hereunder. Nothing contained in this Agreement will preclude the Executive from (i) devoting time to personal and family investments, (ii) serving as a director of any not-for-profit company, (iii) serving as a director for-profit company that is pre-approved by the Board, (iv) from participating in charitable or industry associations, or (v) acting as an unpaid advisor to other companies pre-approved by the Board, in each case, provided that such activities or services do not (x) materially interfere with the Executive’s performance of duties hereunder or (y) violate the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement (as defined below).

 

(d) Upon the Executive’s termination from the Company for any reason, unless otherwise specified in a written agreement between the Executive and the Company, the Executive will be deemed to have resigned from all offices, directorships, and other employment positions if any, then held with the Company or any of its affiliates, and agrees to take all actions reasonably requested by the Company to effectuate the foregoing.

 

(e) During the term of this Agreement, the Executive’s principal place of engagement shall be in the New York City Metropolitan Area, subject to customary business travel consistent with the Executive’s duties and responsibilities.

 

3. BASE SALARY.

 

During the Employment Term, the Company agrees to pay the Executive a base salary (the “Base Salary”) at an annual rate of US$ 300,000. The Base Salary will be payable on a bi-weekly basis in accordance with the regular payroll practices of the Company.

 

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4. BONUSES; GRANT OF TOKENS; EQUITY GRANT.

 

(a) ANNUAL BONUS. Subject to the continuous engagement of the Executive with the Company, the Executive shall be eligible to earn an annual, performance-based bonus (an “Annual Bonus”) in the amount of US$ 45,000 (the “Target Annual Bonus”) based upon and subject to the achievement of performance targets, which shall be established by the Board (or a committee thereof) in consultation with the Executive (the "Performance Targets"). The Target Annual Bonus is a target and shall not be deemed to be guaranteed or capped at such amount. To the extent due, an Annual Bonus earned by the Executive will be paid no later than March 15th of the subsequent calendar year. Following receipt of each Annual Bonus by the Executive, the Board shall determine in good faith the Performance Targets and the terms and conditions of the Annual Bonus for the subsequent year.

 

(b) ONE TIME GRANT OF AN OPTION TO PURCHASE TOKENS. On the Effective Date, the Executive shall be granted an option to purchase 75,000 INX Tokens issued by the Company, subject to the continuous engagement of the Executive with the Company in accordance with the vesting schedule set forth below (the “Tokens”). The exercise price of the Tokens shall be US$ 0.90 (ninety cents) per each Token. Executive shall be required to exercise the option within 12 months as of the end of the last vesting period set forth below, otherwise the option shall lapse. However, upon termination of this Agreement for any reason the Executive shall be required to exercise the (then vested portion of the) option within 90 days as of the termination date of this Agreement, otherwise the option shall lapse. The Tokens shall be subject to the following vesting schedule of 3 years subject to the continuous engagement of the Executive with the Company at such time: 1/3 of the Tokens shall vest on each annual anniversary of the Effective Date within the term of this Agreement. The Tokens shall be further subject to terms and conditions determined by the Board of Directors of the Company and to the Company’s policies in connection with grant of tokens to officers, employees and service providers of the Company (including the execution of a token lock-up agreement by the Executive at the request of the Company for a lock up period similar to other executives in the Company in the same or similar level of Service Provider).

 

(c) As soon as an equity grant plan is prepared and implemented, the Company will make an equity grant to the Executive consistent with the grant of equity to other senior executives of the Company.

 

5. ADDITIONAL BENEFITS.

 

(a) VACATION. Upon and subject to the commencement of the Employment Term, the Executive shall be entitled to 20 days of paid vacation days and the number of sick days in compliance with New York State and New York City minimum statutory requirements as of the Executive’s Effective Date. Vacation shall be scheduled and utilized as provided in the Company’s applicable policy and as business needs allow.

 

(b) BUSINESS EXPENSES. The Company will reimburse the Executive for all reasonable and properly documented business expenses incurred by the Executive in connection with the discharge of her duties for the Company and approved in advance and in writing by the Company. During the Employment Period, the Company will pay or reimburse the Executive for all of the Executive’s reasonable and ordinary fees and costs to continue as a member of the legal profession such as registration fees, bar association dues, and continuing legal education costs.

 

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(c) OTHER EMPLOYEE BENEFITS. Upon and subject to the commencement of the Employment Term, the Executive shall be entitled to all other employee benefits as the Company determines to provide for similarly situated employees.

 

(d) INDEMNIFICATION. The Company shall indemnify the Executive to the maximum extent that its officers, directors and employees are entitled to indemnification pursuant to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws for any acts or omissions by reason of being a director, officer or employee of the Company as of the Effective Date. At all times, the Company shall maintain in effect a directors and officers liability insurance policy with the Executive as a covered officer and director during the Employment Term. The Executive shall promptly fill and execute any document or agreement required or desirable at Company's discretion in connection with such purpose.

 

6. TERMINATION. The Executive’s engagement and the Employment Term (if commenced) shall terminate on the first of the following to occur:

 

(a) DISABILITY. Upon the 30th day following the Executive’s receipt of notice of the Company’s intention to terminate the Executive’s employment due to Disability (as defined in this Section 6(a)); provided that, the Executive has not returned to full-time performance of her duties within 30 days after receipt of such notice. If the Company determines in good faith that the Executive’s Disability has occurred during the term of this Agreement, it will give the Executive written notice of its intention to terminate her employment. For purposes of this Agreement, “Disability” shall mean the Executive’s inability to substantially perform the essential duties of her job with or without reasonable accommodation on a full-time basis for 180 calendar days during any consecutive twelve-month period or for 90 consecutive days as a result of incapacity due to mental or physical illness.

 

(b) DEATH. Automatically on the date of death of the Executive.

 

(c) CAUSE. Immediately upon written notice by the Company to the Executive of a termination for Cause. “Cause” shall mean (i) the Executive’s commission of an act of fraud, embezzlement or theft against the Company or its subsidiaries; (ii) the Executive’s conviction of, or a plea of no contest to, a felony; (iii) willful nonperformance by the Executive (other than by reason of illness) of her material duties as an employee of the Company, which, to the extent it is curable by the Executive (as determined by the Company), is not cured within seven (7) days after written notice thereof is given to the Executive by the Company; provided, that, this clause (iii) shall not apply where performance of the Executive's duties could reasonably be expected to conflict with the Executive’s duties to the Company, its shareholders and the Board, pursuant to ethical and professional responsibilities of in-house counsel; (iv) the Executive’s material breach of this Agreement or any other material agreement between the Executive and the Company or any of its subsidiaries, including the Confidentiality Agreement, which, to the extent it is curable by the Executive (as determined by the Company), is not cured within seven (7) days after written notice thereof is given to the Executive by the Company; or (v) the Executive’s gross negligence, willful misconduct or any other act of willful disregard for the Company’s or any of its subsidiaries’ best interests, which, to the extent it is curable by the Executive (as determined by the Company), is not cured within seven (7) days after written notice thereof is given to the Executive by the Company.

 

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(d) WITHOUT CAUSE. Upon thirty (30) days prior written notice by the Company to the Executive (the “Notice Period”). During the Notice Period, the Executive shall remain an employee, but the Company may, at its discretion, eliminate or reduce any of Executive’s roles, inform Executive not to attend the office, and/or require Executive to assist in the transition of her duties, all at the discretion of the Company.

 

(e) GOOD REASON. “Good Reason” for the Executive to terminate the Executive’s employment hereunder shall mean the occurrence of any of the following conditions during the Employment Term without the Executive’s express written consent; provided that any resignation by the Executive due to any of the following conditions shall only be deemed for Good Reason if: (i) the Executive gives the Company written notice of the intent to terminate for Good Reason within sixty (60) days following the first occurrence of the condition(s) that the Executive believes constitutes Good Reason, which notice shall describe such condition(s); (ii) the Company fails to remedy, if remediable, such condition(s) within thirty (30) days following receipt of the written notice (the “Cure Period”) of such condition(s) from the Executive; and (iii) the Executive actually resigns her employment within the first thirty (30) days after expiration of the Cure Period:

 

(1)A 10% or greater reduction by the Company of the Executive’s Base Salary as initially set forth herein or as the same may be increased from time to time;

 

(2)Any material diminution in the Executive’s duties, title, responsibilities or authority;

 

(3)Any material diminution in the Executive’s other benefits that are not also materially diminished for other similarly situated employees of the Company; and

 

(4)Any material breach of this Agreement or other Executive-specific employment-related agreements by the Company.

 

(f) WITHOUT GOOD REASON. The Executive shall provide two (2) weeks’ prior written notice (the “Transition Period”) to the Company of the Executive’s intended termination of employment without Good Reason (“Voluntary Termination”). During the Transition Period, the Executive shall assist and advise the Company in any transition of business, customers, prospects, projects and strategic planning, and the Company shall pay the pro rata portion of the Executive’s Base Salary and benefits through the end of the Transition Period. The Company may, in its sole discretion, upon written notice to the Executive, make such termination of employment effective earlier than the expiration of the Transition Period (“Early Termination Right”), but it shall pay the pro rata portion of the Executive’s Base Salary and benefits through the earlier of: the end of the Transition Period, or the date that the Executive accepts employment or a consulting engagement from a third party.

 

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7. CONSEQUENCES OF TERMINATION. Any termination payments made and benefits provided under this Agreement to the Executive shall be in lieu of any termination or severance payments or benefits for which the Executive may be eligible under any of the plans, policies or programs of the Company or its affiliates as may be in effect from time to time. Following and subject to the commencement of the Employment Term and subject to satisfaction of each of the conditions set forth in Section 9, the following amounts and benefits shall be due to the Executive:

 

(a) DISABILITY. Upon employment termination due to Disability, the Company shall pay or provide the Executive: (i) any unpaid Base Salary through the date of termination and any accrued vacation; (ii) reimbursement for any unreimbursed expenses owed to Executive pursuant to the terms of the Company’s policies; and (iii) all other payments and benefits to which the Executive is entitled under the terms of any applicable compensation arrangement or benefit, equity or other plan or program, including but not limited to any applicable insurance benefits, payable on the next regularly scheduled Company payroll date following the date of termination or earlier if required by applicable law (collectively, “Accrued Amounts”). In addition, upon the Executive’s termination due to Disability, the Company shall pay the amounts described in Sections 7(d) to the Executive.

 

(b) DEATH. In the event the Employment Term ends on account of the Executive’s death, the Executive’s estate (or to the extent a beneficiary has been designated in accordance with a program, the beneficiary under such program) shall be entitled to any Accrued Amounts, including but not limited to proceeds from any Company sponsored life insurance programs. In addition, upon the Executive’s death, the Company shall pay the amounts described in Section 7(d) to the Executive’s estate.

 

(c) TERMINATION FOR CAUSE OR WITHOUT GOOD REASON. If the Executive’s employment should be terminated (i) by the Company for Cause, or (ii) by the Executive without Good Reason, the Company shall pay to the Executive any Accrued Amounts only, and shall not be obligated to make any additional payments to the Executive.

 

(d) TERMINATION WITHOUT CAUSE OR FOR GOOD REASON. If the Executive’s employment by the Company is terminated by the Company other than for Cause (and not due to Disability or death) or by the Executive for Good Reason the Company shall pay or provide the Executive with the Accrued Amounts and subject to compliance with Sections 8, 10, 20, 25 and all other post-employment obligations imposed by this Agreement: continued payment of the Executive’s Base Salary as in effect immediately preceding the last day of the Employment Term for a period of twelve (12) months following the termination date (the “Salary Severance Period”) in accordance with the Company’s ordinary payroll practices (for purposes of calculating the Executive’s severance benefits, the Executive’s Base Salary shall be calculated based on the rate in effect prior to any material reduction in Base Salary that would give the Executive the right to resign for Good Reason (as provided in Section 7(e)(1)). The Company shall also continue the Executive’s subsidized health and welfare benefits then in effect for the duration of the Salary Severance Period or, if the relevant benefit plans do not permit such continuation, the Company shall pay out the cash equivalent in a lump sum payment to Executive within thirty (30) days following the Executive’s termination date. Except as set forth in this Section, Executive shall not be entitled to any other compensation or any other benefits from the Company under this Agreement in the event of any such termination.

 

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(e) RESIGNATIONS. Termination of Executive’s employment for any reason whatsoever shall constitute Executive’s resignation from the Board, if Executive is serving as a Board Member at the Termination Date unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the Board.

 

8. CONDITIONS. Any payments or benefits made or provided pursuant to Section 7 (other than Accrued Amounts) are subject to: (i) the commencement of the Employment Term; and (ii) the Executive’s (or, in the event of the Executive’s death, the beneficiary’s or estate’s, or in the event of the Executive’s Disability, the guardian’s):

 

(a) compliance with the provisions of Sections 10, 20, 25 and all other post-employment obligations imposed by this Agreement;

 

(b) delivery to the Company of the executed Agreement and General Release (the “General Release”), which shall be in the form attached hereto as Appendix A (with such changes therein or additions thereto as needed under then applicable law to give effect to its intent and purpose) within 21 days following the date of termination of employment, and permitting the General Release to become effective in accordance with its terms;

 

(c) delivery to the Company of a resignation from all offices, directorships and fiduciary positions with the Company, its affiliates and employee benefit plans, by no later than 3 days following termination of employment.

 

(d) delivery to the Company of all Company property in Executive’s possession, custody or control including, without limitation, all computer hardware, and software, all Company electronic devices, and all Company paper or electronic files.

 

(e) Notwithstanding the due date of any post-employment payments, any amounts due following a termination under this Agreement (other than Accrued Amounts) shall not be due until after the expiration of any revocation period applicable to the General Release without the Executive having revoked such General Release, and any such amounts shall be paid or commence being paid to the Executive on the Company’s first ordinary payroll date occurring on or after the expiration of such revocation period without the occurrence of a revocation by the Executive (or such later date as may be required under Section 17

 

(f) or the final sentence of this Section 8). Nevertheless (and regardless of whether the General Release has been executed by the Executive), upon any termination of Executive’s employment, Executive shall be entitled to receive any Accrued Amounts, payable after the date of termination in accordance with the Company’s applicable plan, program, policy or payroll procedures. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if any severance pay or benefits are deferred compensation under Section 409A (as defined below), and the period during which the Executive may sign the General Release begins in one calendar year and ends in another, then the severance pay or benefit shall not be paid or the first payment shall not occur until the later calendar year.

 

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9. SECTION 4999 EXCISE TAX.

 

(a) If any payment or distribution in the nature of compensation (within the meaning of Section 280G(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”)) to or for the benefit of the Executive, whether paid or payable pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise (“Payment”) would (i) constitute a “parachute payment” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code, and (ii) but for this sentence, be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code (the “Excise Tax”), then the Company shall cause to be determined, before any amounts of the Payment are paid to the Executive, which of the following two alternative forms of payment shall be paid to the Executive: (i) payment in full of the entire amount of the Payment (a “Full Payment”), or (ii) payment of only a part of the Payment so that the Executive receives the largest payment possible without the imposition of the Excise Tax (a “Reduced Payment”). A Full Payment shall be made in the event that the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the excess of (a) the Full Payment, over (b) the Reduced Payment, by (ii) the Reduced Payment, is greater than ten percent (10%). A Reduced Payment shall be made in the event that the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the excess of (a) the Full Payment, over (b) the Reduced Payment, by (ii) the Reduced Payment, is less than or equal to ten percent (10%). If a Reduced Payment is made, (i) the Payment shall be paid only to the extent permitted under the Reduced Payment alternative, and the Executive shall have no rights to any additional payments and/or benefits constituting the Payment, and (ii) reduction in payments and/or benefits shall occur in the following order: (1) reduction of cash payments; (2) reduction of other benefits paid to the Executive; (3) cancellation of accelerated vesting of equity awards other than stock options; and (4) cancellation of accelerated vesting of stock options. Any reductions in payments to be made shall be made with respect to payments in inverse order of the scheduled dates or times for the payment.

 

(b) The independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Company for general audit purposes as of the day prior to the effective date of the Significant Event (as shall be as defined in the Plan) shall make all determinations required to be made under this Section 9. If the independent registered public accounting firm so engaged by the Company is serving as accountant or auditor for the individual, entity or group effecting the Significant Event, the Company shall appoint a nationally recognized independent registered public accounting firm to make the determinations required hereunder. The Company shall bear all expenses with respect to the determinations by such independent registered public accounting firm required to be made hereunder.

 

(c) The independent registered public accounting firm engaged to make the determinations hereunder shall provide its calculations, together with detailed supporting documentation, to the Company and the Executive within fifteen (15) calendar days after the date on which the Executive’s right to a Payment is triggered (if requested at that time by the Company or the Executive) or such other time as requested by the Company or the Executive. Any good faith determinations of the accounting firm made hereunder shall be final, binding and conclusive upon the Company and the Executive.

 

10. CONFIDENTIALITY AND POST-ENGAGEMENT OBLIGATIONS. As a condition of engagement under this Agreement, the Executive agrees to execute and abide by the Company’s current form of Employee Invention Assignment and Confidentiality Agreement (“Confidentiality Agreement”), which may be amended by the parties from time to time without regard to this Agreement. The Confidentiality Agreement contains provisions that are intended by the parties to survive and do survive termination of this Agreement.

 

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11. ASSIGNMENT.

 

(a) The Executive may not assign or delegate any rights or obligations hereunder without first obtaining the written consent of the Company.

 

(b) This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Company and its successors, assigns and legal representatives. The Company will require any acquiror or successor of the Company in any merger, consolidation, sale, or acquisition of the Company, or a similar transaction to assume the Company’s obligations under this Agreement, and any failure to do so shall constitute a material breach of this Agreement.

 

12. NOTICE. For the purpose of this Agreement, notices and all other communications provided for in this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given (a) on the date of delivery if delivered by hand, (b) on the date of transmission, if delivered by confirmed facsimile, (c) on the first business day following the date of deposit if delivered by guaranteed overnight delivery service, or (d) on the fourth business day following the date delivered or mailed by United States registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, addressed as follows:

 

If to the Executive: at the address (or to the facsimile number) shown on the records of the Company.

 

If to the Company:

 

INX Digital, Inc.

1209 Orange Street

Wilmington, Delaware 19801

USA

 

or to such other address as either party may have furnished to the other in writing in accordance herewith, except that notices of change of address shall be effective only upon receipt.

 

13. SECTION HEADINGS; INCONSISTENCY. The section headings used in this Agreement are included solely for convenience and shall not affect, or be used in connection with, the interpretation of this Agreement. If there is any inconsistency between this Agreement and any other agreement (including but not limited to any option, stock, shares, long-term incentive or other equity award agreement), plan, program, policy or practice (collectively, “Other Provision”) of the Company the terms of this Agreement shall control over such Other Provision.

 

14. SEVERABILITY. The provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed severable and the invalidity of unenforceability of any provision shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the other provisions hereof.

 

15. COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instruments. One or more counterparts of this Agreement may be delivered by facsimile, with the intention that delivery by such means shall have the same effect as delivery of an original counterpart thereof.

 

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16. MISCELLANEOUS. No provision of this Agreement may be modified, waived or discharged unless such waiver, modification or discharge is agreed to in writing and signed by the Executive and such officer or director of the Company as may be designated or authorized by the Board. No waiver by either party hereto at any time of any breach by the other party hereto of, or compliance with, any condition or provision of this Agreement to be performed by such other party shall be deemed a waiver of similar or dissimilar provisions or conditions at the same or at any prior or subsequent time. This Agreement together with all exhibits hereto and the Confidentiality Agreement sets forth the entire agreement of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein. No agreements or representations, oral or otherwise, express or implied, with respect to the subject matter hereof have been made by either party which are not expressly set forth in this Agreement. The validity, interpretation, construction and performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware without regard to its conflicts of law principles.

 

17. SECTION 409A.

 

This Agreement is intended to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. In the event that any provision of Agreement or any other agreement or award referenced herein is mutually agreed by the parties to be in violation of Section 409A of the Code, the parties shall cooperate reasonably to attempt to amend or modify this Agreement (or other agreement or award) in order to avoid a violation of Section 409A of the Code while attempting to preserve the economic intent of the applicable provision. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Executive shall not be considered to have terminated employment with the Company for purposes of any payments under this Agreement which are subject to Section 409A of the Code until the Executive would be considered to have incurred a “separation from service” from the Company within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code. Each amount to be paid or benefit to be provided under this Agreement shall be construed as a separate identified payment for purposes of Section 409A of the Code. Without limiting the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, to the extent required in order to avoid accelerated taxation and/or tax penalties under Section 409A of the Code, amounts that would otherwise be payable and benefits that would otherwise be provided pursuant to this Agreement or any other arrangement between the Executive and the Company during the six-month period immediately following the Executive’s separation from shall instead be paid on the first business day after the date that is six months following the Executive’s separation from service (or, if earlier, the Executive’s date of death). To the extent required to avoid an accelerated or additional tax under Section 409A of the Code, amounts reimbursable to the Executive under this Agreement shall be paid to the Executive on or before the last day of the year following the year in which the expense was incurred and the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement (and in kind benefits provided to the Executive) during one year may not affect amounts reimbursable or provided in any subsequent year. Executive is advised to seek tax advice and agrees to assume such personal tax liability as may be incurred under this Agreement. Neither the Company nor its directors, officers, employees or advisers shall be held liable for any taxes, interest, penalties or other monetary amounts owed by Executive as a result of the application of Section 409A of the Code. For purposes of this Section 10, Section 409A of the Code shall include all regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder.

 

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18. MITIGATION OF DAMAGES. In no event shall the Executive be obliged to seek other employment or take any other action by way of mitigation of the severance benefits payable to the Executive under any of the provisions of this Agreement, nor shall the amount of any severance benefit hereunder be reduced by any compensation earned by the Executive as a result of employment by another employer, except as set forth in this Agreement.

 

19. REPRESENTATIONS. The Executive represents and warrants to the Company that the Executive has the legal right to enter into this Agreement and to perform all of the obligations on the Executive’s part to be performed hereunder in accordance with its terms and that the Executive is not a party to any agreement or understanding, written or oral, which could prevent the Executive from entering into this Agreement or performing all of the Executive’s obligations hereunder. The Executive further represents and warrants that Executive has not (i) requested, solicited or encouraged, and will not request, solicit or encourage, any employees, customers or clients of any previous employers to join or become a customer or client of the Company or to leave or cease to be a customer or client of any previous employers, in any such case in violation of any common law duties; or (ii) brought to or used and will not bring to or use at the Company any documents or files, whether in hard copy or electronic form, which were created, collected or received by Executive in connection with any previous employment. The Executive further represents and warrants that she has been advised to consult with an attorney and that he has been represented by the attorney of her choosing during the negotiation of this Agreement (or chosen not to be so represented), that he has consulted with her attorney before executing this Agreement (or chosen not to consult an attorney), that she has carefully read and fully understand all of the provisions of this Agreement and that she is voluntarily entering into this Agreement.

 

20. NON-DISPARAGEMENT. Both during and after the Employment Term, the Executive and the Company (through its officers and directors) agree not to disparage the other party, and the other party’s officers, directors, employees, shareholders, affiliates and agents, in any manner likely to be harmful to them or their business, business reputation or personal reputation; provided that both the Executive and the Company may respond accurately and fully to any question, inquiry or request for information when required by legal process and provided further that nothing in this Section 20 shall preclude any party from making truthful statements that are reasonably necessary or to enforce or defend the party’s rights under this Agreement.

 

21. WITHHOLDING. The Company may withhold from any and all amounts payable under this Agreement such federal, state and local taxes as may be required to be withheld pursuant to any applicable law or regulation.

 

22. SURVIVAL. The respective obligations of, and benefits afforded to, the Company and the Executive which by their express terms or clear intent survive termination of the Executive’s employment with the Company, including, without limitation, the provisions of Sections 6 through 26, inclusive, of this Agreement, will survive termination of the Executive’s employment with the Company, and will remain in full force and effect according to their terms.

 

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23. AGREEMENT OF THE PARTIES. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties hereto to express their mutual intent. Neither the Executive nor the Company shall be entitled to any presumption in connection with any determination made hereunder in connection with any arbitration, judicial or administrative proceeding relating to or arising under this Agreement.

 

1. BACKGROUND CHECK. This offer of employment is contingent upon the completion of a standard background check, inclusive of references from third parties (to the Company’s satisfaction), Executive’s ability to be employed in the United States and any requisite approvals of any applicable government, regulatory or self-regulatory authority, if any. To comply with the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, Executive understands and agrees to provide proof of identity and employment eligibility as required by applicable law. Executive pledges to execute any documents necessary for the completion of same. For the sake of clarity, this Agreement shall not be Effective until and unless the provisions of this paragraph are satisfied in GEMS America’ sole discretion.

 

2. COOPERATION. During and subsequent to her employment, Executive will provide cooperation to the Company and its counsel in connection with any investigation, administrative proceeding, arbitration, or litigation relating to any matter that occurred during Executive’s employment in which Executive was involved or of which Executive has knowledge. The Company agrees to reimburse Executive for reasonable out-of-pocket legal fees and expenses incurred at the request of the Company with respect to Executive’s compliance with this paragraph, so long as such expenses are approved in advance and so long as the underlying legal issue does not involve a dispute between Executive and the Company. Further, Executive agrees that, in the event she is subpoenaed by any person or entity to give testimony or provide documents (in a deposition, court proceeding or otherwise) which in any way relates to her employment by the Company, he will give prompt notice of such request to the Company’s General Counsel (or her or her successor or designee) and will make no disclosure until the Company has had a reasonable opportunity to contest the right of the requesting person or entity to such disclosure; provided, however, Executive does not need the prior authorization of the Company to make any disclosure of possible violations of law or regulation to the Government Agencies, nor is she required to notify the Company that she has done so. Executive agrees to maintain, and not to waive, the attorney-client and other evidentiary privileges to which the Company is entitled, absent the prior written permission of the Company.

 

12

 

 

3. DEFEND TRADE SECRET ACT NOTIFICATION. The Executive shall not be held criminally or civilly liable under any Federal or State trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that (A) is made (i) in confidence to a Federal, State, or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney, and (ii) solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or (B) is made in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal. In a case where the Executive files a lawsuit or asserts a counterclaim alleging retaliation by the Company for reporting a suspected violation of law, the Executive may disclose the trade secret to the Executive’s attorney and use the trade secret information in the court proceeding, but only if the Executive (A) files any document containing the trade secret under seal; and (B) does not disclose the trade secret other than pursuant to court order.

 

4. DISPUTE RESOLUTION. In the event of any controversy, dispute or claim between the parties under, arising out of or related to this Agreement (including but not limited to, claims relating to breach, termination of this Agreement, or the performance of a party under this Agreement) whether based on contract, tort, statute or other legal theory (collectively referred to hereinafter as “Disputes”), the parties shall follow the dispute resolution procedures set forth below. Any Dispute shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the Employment Arbitration Rules & Procedures of JAMS (“JAMS”) then in force, and that the arbitration hearings shall be held in New York. The parties agree to (i) appoint an arbitrator or arbitrators who is knowledgeable in employment and human resource matters and, to the extent possible, the industry in which the Company operates, and instruct the arbitrator to follow substantive rules of law; (ii) require the testimony to be transcribed; and (iii) require the award to be accompanied by findings of fact and a statement of reasons for the decision. The arbitrator shall have no power or authority to add to or detract from the written agreement of the parties. If the parties cannot agree upon an arbitrator within ten (10) days after demand by either of them, either or both parties may request JAMS name a panel of five (5) arbitrators. The Company shall strike the names of two (2) off this list; then, the Executive shall strike two (2) of the remaining names; and the remaining name shall be the arbitrator. The arbitrator may award fees and expenses in his or her discretion. Otherwise, the Company and the Executive shall each pay for their own attorneys’ fees and expenses and their pro rata share of the JAMS fees and expenses. Any award shall be final, binding and conclusive upon the parties and a judgment rendered thereon may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company shall have the right to sue for injunctive relief in Court for a breach of the obligations of this Agreement and to sue for injunctive relief or otherwise to enforce the Confidentiality Agreement.

 

[signature page follows]

 

13

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement, effective as of the date first written above.

 

  INX DIGITAL, INC.
     
  By:  
    Alan Silbert, Director
     
  EXECUTIVE
     
     
    Catherine Yoon

 

Acknowledged and agreed by:

 

  INX LIMITED
     
  By:  
    Alan Silbert
  Its: Director

 

 

 

APPENDIX A

 

FORM OF RELEASE

 

AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE

 

INX Digital, Inc. (the “Company”) and Catherine Yoon (“Executive”) agree:

 

1. Last Day of Employment. Executive’s last day of employment with the Company was [INSERT DATE] (the “Termination Date”). In addition, effective as of the Termination Date, Executive ceased to serve in its position with the Company and ceased to be eligible for any benefits or compensation from the Company and its affiliates other than as specifically provided in Section 8 of the Executive Employment Agreement between the Company and Executive dated as of [INSERT DATE] (the “Employment Agreement”). Executive further acknowledges and agrees that from and after the date Executive executes this Agreement and General Release, Executive will not represent (and since the Termination Date the Executive has not represented) the Executive as being a director, employee, officer, trustee, agent or representative of the Company or its affiliates for any purpose. In addition, effective as of Termination Date, Executive resigns from all offices, directorships, trusteeships, committee memberships and fiduciary capacities held with, or on behalf of, the Company and its affiliates or any benefit plans of the Company and its affiliates. These resignations will become irrevocable as set forth in Section 3 below.

 

24. Consideration. The parties acknowledge that this Agreement and General Release is being executed in accordance with Section 8 of the Employment Agreement.

 

25. Revocation. Executive may revoke this Agreement and General Release for a period of seven (7) calendar days following the day the Executive executes this Agreement and General Release. Any revocation within this period must be submitted in writing to the Company and state, “I hereby revoke my acceptance of our Agreement and General Release.” The revocation must be personally delivered to the Chairman of the Board, INX Digital, Inc., or her designee. This Agreement and General Release shall become effective and irrevocable on the eighth (8th) day after the Executive executes it, unless earlier revoked by Executive in accordance with this Section 3.

 

26. General Release of Claims. (A) Executive and the Executive’s heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns (collectively referred to throughout this Agreement as “Executive”) knowingly and voluntarily release and forever discharge the Company and its affiliates, subsidiaries, divisions, benefit plans, successors and assigns in such capacity, and the current, future and former employees, officers, directors, trustees and agents thereof (collectively referred to as “the Company”) from any and all actions, causes of action, contributions, indemnities, duties, debts, sums of money, suits, controversies, restitutions, understandings, agreements, promises, claims regarding stock, stock options or other forms of equity compensation, commitments, damages, fees and liabilities, responsibilities and any and all claims, demands, executions and liabilities of whatsoever kind, nature or description, oral or written, known or unknown, matured or unmatured, suspected or unsuspected at the present time, in law or in equity, whether known and unknown, against the Company, which the Executive has, has ever had or may have as of the date of Executive’s execution of this Agreement and General Release, including, but not limited to, any alleged violation of:

 

-Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended;

 

-The Civil Rights Act of 1991;

 

1

 

 

-Sections 1981 through 1988 of Title 42 of the United States Code, as amended;

 

-The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended;

 

-The Immigration Reform and Control Act, as amended;

 

-The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended;

 

-The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended;

 

-The Older Workers Benefit Protection Act of 1990;

 

-The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, as amended;

 

-The Occupational Safety and Health Act, as amended;

 

-The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993;

 

-Any applicable wage act;

 

-Any applicable anti-discrimination laws;

 

-Any wage payment and collection, equal pay and other similar laws, acts and statutes ;

 

-Any other federal, state or local civil or human rights law or any other local, state or federal law, regulation or ordinance;

 

-Any public policy, contract, tort, or common law; or

 

-Any allegation for costs, fees, or other expenses including attorneys’ fees incurred in these matters.

 

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Agreement and General Release do not apply to: (i) Executive’s express rights or claims for accrued vested benefits under any employee benefit plan, policy or arrangement maintained by the Company or under COBRA; (ii) Executive’s rights under the provisions of the Employment Agreement which are intended to survive termination of employment; (iii) Executive’s rights as a stockholder (if Executive is a stockholder); or (iv) any rights of the Executive to indemnification as a Director or Officer of the Company.

 

2

 

 

27. No Claims Permitted. Executive waives Executive’s right to file any charge or complaint against the Company arising out of Executive’s employment with or separation from the Company before any federal, state or local court or any state or local administrative agency, except where such waivers are prohibited by law (with the understanding that that this Agreement and General Release bars the Executive from recovering monetary relief from the Company in connection with any charges or complaints which are not waived hereunder).

 

Furthermore, nothing in this Agreement or General Release and Waiver of Claims prohibits Executive from reporting possible violations of federal law or regulation to any governmental agency or entity, including but not limited to the Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Congress, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the National Labor Relations Board, and any agency Inspector General, or making other disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower provisions of federal law or regulation. Executive does not need the prior authorization of the Company to make any such reports or disclosures and Executive is not required to notify the Company that Executive has made such reports or disclosures.

 

28. Affirmations. Executive affirms he has not filed, has not caused to be filed, and is not presently a party to, any claim, complaint, or action against the Company in any forum. Executive further affirms that he has been paid and/or has received all compensation, wages, bonuses, commissions, and/or benefits to which Executive may be entitled and no other compensation, wages, bonuses, commissions and/or benefits are due to Executive, except as provided in Section 8 of the Employment Agreement. Executive also affirms Executive has no known workplace injuries.

 

29. Cooperation; Return of Property. Executive agrees to reasonably cooperate with the Company and its counsel in connection with any investigation, administrative proceeding or litigation relating to any matter that occurred during Executive’s employment in which Executive was involved or of which Executive has knowledge. the Company will reimburse the Employee for any reasonable out-of-pocket travel, delivery, legal fees and/or similar expenses incurred in providing such service to the Company. Executive represents that he has returned to the Company all property belonging to the Company, including but not limited to: all computer hardware, and software, all Company electronic devices, and all Company paper or electronic files.

 

30. Governing Law and Interpretation. This Agreement and General Release shall be governed and conformed in accordance with the laws of Delaware without regard to its conflict of laws provisions. In the event Executive or the Company breaches any provision of this Agreement and General Release, Executive and the Company affirm either may institute an action to specifically enforce any term or terms of this Agreement and General Release. Should any provision of this Agreement and General Release be declared illegal or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction and should the provision be incapable of being modified to be enforceable, such provision shall immediately become null and void, leaving the remainder of this Agreement and General Release in full force and effect. Nothing herein, however, shall operate to void or nullify any general release language contained in the Agreement and General Release.

 

3

 

 

31. No Admission of Wrongdoing. Executive agrees neither this Agreement and General Release nor the furnishing of the consideration for this Agreement and General Release shall be deemed or construed at any time for any purpose as an admission by the Company of any liability or unlawful conduct of any kind.

 

32. Non-Disparagement. Executive and the Company (through its officers and directors) agree not to disparage the other party, and the other party’s officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents, in any manner likely to be harmful to them or their business, business reputation or personal reputation; provided that both Executive and the Company may respond accurately and fully to any question, inquiry or request for information when required by legal process and provided further that nothing in this Section 10 shall preclude the Company or Executive from making truthful statements that are reasonably necessary or to enforce or defend the party’s rights under this Agreement and General Release.

 

33. Amendment. This Agreement and General Release may not be modified, altered or changed except upon express written consent of both parties wherein specific reference is made to this Agreement and General Release.

 

34. Entire Agreement. This Agreement and General Release and the Confidentiality Agreement (as defined in the Employment Agreement) sets forth the entire agreement between the parties hereto and fully supersedes any prior agreements or understandings between the parties; provided, however, that notwithstanding anything in this Agreement and General Release, the provisions in the Employment Agreement which are intended to survive termination of the Employment Agreement, including but not limited to those contained in Sections 10, 20, and 25 thereof, shall survive and continue in full force and effect. Executive acknowledges Executive has not relied on any representations, promises, or agreements of any kind made to Executive in connection with Executive’s decision to accept this Agreement and General Release.

 

35. ADEA. Executive understands and acknowledges that Executive is waiving and releasing any rights Executive may have under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (“ADEA”), and that this waiver and release is knowing and voluntary. Executive understands and agrees that this waiver and release does not apply to any rights or claims that may arise under the ADEA after the date Executive signs this Agreement and General Release. Executive understands and acknowledges that the consideration given for this waiver and release is in addition to anything of value to which Executive was already entitled. Executive further understands and acknowledges that Executive has been advised by this writing that nothing in this Agreement prevents or precludes Executive from challenging or seeking a determination in good faith of the validity of this waiver under the ADEA, nor does it impose any condition precedent, penalties, or costs for doing so, unless specifically authorized by federal law.

 

[signature page follows]

 

4

 

 

EXECUTIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED THAT EXECUTIVE HAS UP TO TWENTY-ONE (21) CALENDAR DAYS TO REVIEW THIS AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE AND HAS BEEN ADVISED IN WRITING TO CONSULT WITH AN ATTORNEY PRIOR TO EXECUTION OF THIS AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE.

 

EXECUTIVE AGREES ANY MODIFICATIONS, MATERIAL OR OTHERWISE, MADE TO THIS AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE DO NOT RESTART OR AFFECT IN ANY MANNER THE ORIGINAL TWENTY-ONE (21) CALENDAR DAY CONSIDERATION PERIOD. IN THE EVENT EXECUTIVE SIGNS THIS AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE AND RETURNS IT TO THE COMPANY IN LESS THAN THE TWENTY-ONE (21) DAY PERIOD IDENTIFIED ABOVE, EXECUTIVE HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT EXECUTIVE HAS FREELY AND VOLUNTARILY CHOSEN TO WAIVE THE TIME PERIOD ALLOTTED FOR CONSIDERING THIS AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE.

 

HAVING ELECTED TO EXECUTE THIS AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE, TO FULFILL THE PROMISES SET FORTH HEREIN, AND TO RECEIVE THE SUMS AND BENEFITS SET FORTH IN THE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT, EXECUTIVE FREELY AND KNOWINGLY, AND AFTER DUE CONSIDERATION, ENTERS INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE INTENDING TO WAIVE, SETTLE AND RELEASE ALL CLAIMS EXECUTIVE HAS OR MIGHT HAVE AGAINST THE COMPANY.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto knowingly and voluntarily executed this Agreement and General Release as of the date set forth below:

 

  INX DIGITAL, INC.
     
  By:
    Alan Silbert, Director
     
  Date:
     
  EXECUTIVE
     
  By:
    Catherine Yoon
     
  Date:

 

 

 

 

 

EX-11.1 5 f20f2020ex11-1_inxlimited.htm LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT

Exhibit 11.1

 

Subsidiaries of

INX LIMITED

 

   

Jurisdiction

of Incorporation

INX Digital, Inc.   Delaware
INX Services, Inc.   Delaware
INX Solutions Limited   Gibraltar
Midgard Technologies Ltd.   Israel

 

EX-12.1 6 f20f2020ex12-1_inxlimited.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 12.1

 

RULE 15d-14(a) CERTIFICATION

 

I, Shy Datika, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of INX Limited;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the issuer and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) [Omitted];

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the issuer's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer's internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer's auditors and the audit committee of the issuer's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer's internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date:  April 28, 2021   /s/ Shy Datika
    Shy Datika
    President
     
     

 

 

 

 

 

EX-12.2 7 f20f2020ex12-2_inxlimited.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 12.2

 

RULE 15d-14(a) CERTIFICATION

 

I, Oran Mordechai, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of INX Limited;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the issuer and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) [Omitted];

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the issuer's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer's internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer's auditors and the audit committee of the issuer's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer's internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date:  April 28, 2021   /s/ Oran Mordechai
   

Oran Mordechai

    Chief Financial Officer
     
     

 

 

 

 

 

EX-13.1 8 f20f2020ex13-1_inxlimited.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 13.1

 

SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATIONS

 

Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350 of chapter 63 of title 18 of the United States Code), the undersigned officer of INX Limited (the “Company”), hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

 

This annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 (the “Report”) of the Company fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date:  April 28, 2021

/s/ Shy Datika

  Shy Datika
  President

 

 

EX-13.2 9 f20f2020ex13-2_inxlimited.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 13.2

 

SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATIONS

 

Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350 of chapter 63 of title 18 of the United States Code), the undersigned officer of INX Limited (the “Company”), hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

 

This annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 (the “Report”) of the Company fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date:  April 28, 2021 /s/ Oran Mordechai
  Oran Mordechai
  Chief Financial Officer

 

 

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