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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position for the periods presented.

Principles of Consolidation

During 2017, the Company established a wholly-owned subsidiary in Australia. During 2019, the Company established a wholly-owned subsidiary in Ireland. The consolidated financial statements include the Company’s accounts and those of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts, transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Reverse Stock Split

On March 9, 2018, the Company effected a reverse split of all shares of its common and preferred stock at a ratio of 1-for-3.96 (the Reverse Split). The par values and the authorized shares of the common and preferred stock were not adjusted as a result of the Reverse Split. All references to shares of common stock outstanding, average number of shares outstanding and per share amounts in these consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements have been adjusted within the consolidated financial statements, on a retroactive basis, to reflect the Reverse Split.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Estimates are used to determine stock-based awards and other issuances, accruals for research and development costs, useful lives of long-lived assets, and uncertain tax positions. Actual results could differ materially from the Company’s estimates.

Risks And Uncertainties

Risk and Uncertainties

The Company’s future results of operations involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Factors that could affect the Company’s future operating results and cause actual results to vary materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, uncertainty of clinical trial results and achievement of milestones, uncertainty of regulatory approval of the Company’s potential drug candidates, uncertainty of market acceptance of the Company’s product candidates, competition from substitute products and larger companies, securing and protecting proprietary technology, strategic relationships and dependence on key individuals and sole source suppliers.

The Company’s investigational products require approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and comparable foreign regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales in their respective jurisdictions. There can be no assurance that any investigational products will receive the necessary approvals. If the Company does not obtain regulatory approval and does not successfully commercialize any of its investigational products, it would have a materially adverse impact on the Company.

Segments

The Company operates and manages its business as one reportable and operating segment, which is the business of developing and commercializing cancer therapies. The Company’s chief executive officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for purposes of allocating and evaluating financial performance. All long-lived assets are maintained in the United States of America.

Cash Equivalents, Short-Term and Long-Term Investments

Cash equivalents consist of marketable securities having an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase. Short-term investments have maturities of greater than three months and less than twelve months at the time of purchase. Long-term investments have maturities greater than 12 months at the time of purchase. Collectively, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments are considered available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Realized gains and losses are included in interest and other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The basis on which the cost of a security sold or amount reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings is determined using the specific identification method.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash at December 31, 2019 and 2018 comprises cash balances primarily held as security in connection with the Company’s facility lease agreement and is included in long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Receivable from a Related Party

Receivable from a related party is recorded net of any allowances. As of December 31, 2018, the outstanding amount was due from PACT Pharma, Inc. (PACT Pharma) for expenses the Company paid on its behalf. The receivable was fully paid in 2019.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value accounting is applied for all financial assets and liabilities, including short-term and long-term investments, and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). The carrying amount of the Company’s financial instruments, including receivable from a related party, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments are financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk. The Company invests in money market funds, treasury bills and notes, government bonds, commercial paper and corporate notes. The Company limits its credit risk associated with cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments by placing them with banks and institutions it believes are highly credit worthy and in highly rated investments.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from one to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the related lease term. Upon retirement or sale, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. An impairment charge would be recorded when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount. Impairment, if any, is assessed using discounted cash flows or other appropriate measures of fair value. The Company did not recognize any impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Revenue Recognition

At the inception of an arrangement, the Company evaluates if a counterparty to a contract is a customer, if the arrangement is within the scope of revenue from contracts with customers guidance, and the term of the contract. The Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services in a contract for an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. For contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. As part of the accounting for contracts with customers, the Company must develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the standalone selling price of each performance obligation identified in the contract. The Company then allocates the total transaction price to each performance obligation based on the estimated standalone selling prices of each performance obligation. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

The estimation of the stand-alone selling price may include such estimates as forecasted revenues or costs, development timelines, discount rates, and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. The Company evaluates each performance obligation to determine if they can be satisfied at a point in time or over time, and the Company measures the services delivered to the customer, which are periodically reviewed based on the progress of the related program. The effect of any change made to an estimated input component and, therefore revenue or expense recognized, would be recorded as a change in estimate. In addition, variable consideration (e.g. milestone payments) must be evaluated to determine if it is constrained and, therefore, excluded from the transaction price.

Upfront Research and Development Fees: The Company identifies the performance obligations associated with the upfront research and development fees and determines if any of the promised services are distinct from each other. If a promised service is determined to be distinct, then the Company allocates the transaction price amongst the promised services based on its best judgment of their estimated stand-alone selling prices. If the promised services are not distinct, then all of the services are bundled together, and the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time. If the performance obligation is considered to be satisfied over time, the Company selects the revenue recognition method that it believes most faithfully depicts the Company’s performance in transferring control of the services.

The Company may choose between two methods to measure progress toward complete satisfaction of a performance obligation over time: input methods or output methods. Input methods recognize revenue on the basis of the entity’s efforts or inputs to the satisfaction of a performance obligation (e.g., resources consumed, labor hours expended, costs incurred, or time elapsed) relative to the total expected inputs to the satisfaction of that performance obligation. Output methods recognize revenue on the basis of direct measurements of the value to the customer of the goods or services transferred to date relative to the remaining goods or services promised under the contract (e.g. surveys of performance completed to date, appraisals of results achieved, milestones reached, time elapsed, and units produced or units delivered). The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition.

Option Fees: At the inception of each arrangement that includes option exercise fees to obtain development and commercialization licenses for the Company’s products, the Company determines whether or not such option fee is considered a material right. If the option is considered a material right, then that option is considered a separate performance obligation in the contract and the transaction price includes the option fee in the allocation amongst the performance obligations. If the option is not considered a material right, then the option is accounted for as a separate contract.

Milestone Payments: For arrangements that include development milestone payments, the Company consider the milestone payments to be variable consideration under ASC 606 at the inception of the arrangement, evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the Company’s or the licensee’s control, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being earned until the uncertainty associated with the approvals has been resolved. The transaction price is then allocated to each performance obligation, on a relative standalone selling price basis, which the Company recognizes as revenue when the performance obligations under the contract are satisfied. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of earning such development milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts the estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenue and earnings in the period of adjustment.

Royalties: For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Upfront payments and fees are recorded as deferred revenue when due and payable and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these arrangements. Amounts payable to the Company are recorded as accounts receivable when the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional. The Company does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer will be one year or less.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs for the Company’s research and development employees, costs incurred to third-party service providers for the conduct of research, preclinical and clinical studies, laboratory supplies and equipment maintenance costs, product license fees, consulting and other related expenses. Also included are non-personnel costs such as professional fees payable to third parties for preclinical and clinical studies and research services, laboratory supplies and equipment maintenance, product licenses, and other consulting costs.

The Company estimates research, preclinical and clinical study expenses based on services performed, pursuant to contracts with third-party research and development organizations that conduct and manage research, preclinical and clinical activities on its behalf. The Company estimates these expenses based on discussions with internal management personnel and external service providers as to the progress or stage of completion of services and the contracted fees to be paid for such services. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the original estimates, the Company will adjust the accrual accordingly. Payments associated with licensing agreements to acquire licenses to develop, use, manufacture and commercialize products that have not reached technological feasibility and do not have alternative future use are expensed as incurred. Payments made to third parties under these arrangements in advance of the performance of the related services by the third parties are recorded as prepaid expenses until the services are rendered.

Leases and Rent Expense

The Company records rent expense on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease. In cases where there is a free rent period or future fixed rent escalations, the Company records a deferred rent liability. Additionally, the receipt of any lease incentives is recorded as a deferred rent liability which is amortized over the lease term as a reduction of rent expense. Any lease incentives that are due from the landlord but have not been collected are recorded as a receivable in Prepaid expenses and other current assets. Building improvements that are made with lease incentives or tenant allowances are capitalized as leasehold improvements and included in property and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements in accordance with ASC 718, Stock Compensation. Prior to January 1, 2019, equity instruments issued to non-employees were accounted for in accordance with ASC 505-50 Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees. Based on this guidance, awards were recorded at their fair value on the measurement date subject to periodic adjustments as the underlying equity instruments vest. The fair value of options granted to consultants was expensed when vested. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2018-07 (Topic 718), Compensation – Stock Compensation, which expanded the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions with non-employees.

Stock-based awards granted include stock options with time-based vesting. ASC 718 requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair value-based method, for costs related to all stock-based payments. The Company’s determination of the fair value of stock options with time-based vesting on the date of grant utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and is impacted by the Company’s common stock price as well as other variables including, but not limited to, expected term that options will remain outstanding, expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards, risk-free interest rates and expected dividends.

The fair value of a stock-based award is recognized over the period during which an optionee is required to provide services in exchange for the option award, known as the requisite service period (usually the vesting period) on a straight-line basis. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized based on the fair value determined on the date of grant and is reduced for forfeitures as they occur. Non-employee stock-based compensation expense was not material for all periods presented.

Estimating the fair value of equity-settled awards as of the grant date using valuation models, such as the Black-Scholes option pricing model, is affected by assumptions regarding a number of complex variables. Changes in the assumptions can materially affect the fair value and ultimately how much stock-based compensation expense is recognized. These inputs are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop.

Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company records all shares of convertible preferred stock at their respective fair values less issuance costs on the dates of issuance. The convertible preferred stock is recorded outside of stockholders’ equity (deficit) because, in the event of certain deemed liquidation events considered not solely within the Company’s control, such as a merger, acquisition and sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, the convertible preferred stock will become redeemable at the option of the holders. In the event of a change of control of the Company, proceeds received from the sale of such shares will be distributed in accordance with the liquidation preferences set forth in the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation unless the holders of convertible preferred stock have converted their shares of convertible preferred stock into shares of common stock. The Company has determined not to adjust the carrying values of the convertible preferred stock to the liquidation preferences of such shares because of the uncertainty of whether or when such an event would occur. All outstanding convertible preferred stock converted into common stock in March 2018 upon the effectiveness of the IPO.

Income Taxes

The Company provides for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Current income tax expense or benefit represents the amount of income taxes expected to be payable or refundable for the current year. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and credit carryforwards, and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when such items are expected to reverse. Deferred income tax assets are reduced, as necessary, by a valuation allowance when management determines it is more likely than not that some or all of the tax benefits will not be realized.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740-10, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. The Company assesses all material positions taken in any income tax return, including all significant uncertain positions, in all tax years that are still subject to assessment or challenge by relevant taxing authorities. Assessing an uncertain tax position begins with the initial determination of the position’s sustainability and is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of each balance sheet date, unresolved uncertain tax positions must be reassessed, and the Company will determine whether (i) the factors underlying the sustainability assertion have changed and (ii) the amount of the recognized tax benefit is still appropriate. The recognition and measurement of tax benefits requires significant judgment. Judgments concerning the recognition and measurement of a tax benefit might change as new information becomes available.

The Company includes any penalties and interest expense related to income taxes as a component of other expense and interest income, net, as necessary.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive loss includes net loss and net unrealized income and losses on available-for-sale securities, which are presented in a single continuous statement. Other comprehensive income (loss) is also disclosed in the consolidated balance sheets and statements of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), and is stated net of related tax effects, if any.

Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. The Company excludes the weighted-average shares subject to repurchase from its calculation of weighted average of common shares outstanding. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, outstanding common stock options are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. Because the Company reported a net loss for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the inclusion of the potentially dilutive securities would be antidilutive, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for all periods.

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – Revenue Recognition

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) using the modified retrospective transition method. This standard applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards, such as leases, insurance, collaboration arrangements and financial instruments. Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.

Impact of Adoption – ASC 606

The Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement (the Taiho Agreement) in September 2017, an agreement that is within the scope of ASC 606, under which it has provided Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Taiho) exclusive options, over a five-year period (the Option Period) to obtain an exclusive development and commercialization license to clinical stage product candidates from the Company’s programs. The terms of the arrangement include non-refundable upfront research and development fees, option fees to obtain development and commercialization licenses for the Company’s products, milestone payments based on achievement of defined development, regulatory and sales targets, and royalties on sales of commercialized product.

The Company has applied the five-step model of the new standard to the Taiho Agreement, the only Company contract that has been impacted by the adoption of the new revenue standards. The Company implemented the new revenue standard using the modified retrospective transition method. Results for the year ended December 31, 2019 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under previous revenue recognition guidance, Accounting Standards Codification Topic 605: Revenue Recognition (Topic 605).

Upon the adoption, the Company recorded a net reduction of $2.2 million to its opening accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2019, due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606, with the impact primarily relating to an increase in the transaction price recognized for the non-refundable upfront research and development fees over the five-year term.

The impact of the adoption of Topic 606 on contract liabilities and accumulated deficit balances as of January 1, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):

	December 31, 2018			Adjustment Due to the Adoption of Topic 606			January 1, 2019
Current portion of deferred revenue	$	6,250		$	750		$	7,000
Long-term portion of deferred revenue		16,984			(2,962	)		14,022
Accumulated deficit	$	(122,828	)	$	2,212		$	(120,616	)

The adjustments due to the adoption of Topic 606 primarily relate to an increase in the transaction price recognized for the non-refundable upfront research and development fees over the five-year term. Under Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue based on the transaction price of $35.0 million, representing the total amount that the Company expects to receive related to the non-refundable upfront fees. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had received the full $35.0 million in upfront fees, which consisted of payments of $25.0 million in 2017 at the inception of the contract and anniversary payments of $5.0 million in 2018 and 2019. Under Topic 605, the $25.0 million non-refundable, non-creditable cash payment received by the Company in 2017 was recognized as revenue ratably over an estimated performance period of five years and the anniversary payment of $5.0 million received in 2018 over an estimated performance period of four years. The additional $2.2 million recorded in the adoption adjustment and attributable as revenue through December 31, 2018 under Topic 606 resulted in both a lower accumulated deficit and a lower total amount of deferred revenue as of January 1, 2019.

The impact of the adoption of Topic 606 on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Operations as of and for the period ended December 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):

	As of December 31, 2019
	As Reported		Balances without the Adoption of Topic 606		Effect of Adoption Higher/ (Lower)
Current portion of deferred revenue	$	7,000	$	7,917	$	(917	)
Long-term portion of deferred revenue		12,022		13,594		(1,572	)
Accumulated deficit	$	-	$	-	$	(2,489	)

	Year ended December 31, 2019
	As Reported			Without the Adoption of Topic 606			Effect of Adoption Higher/ (Lower)
Collaboration and license revenue	$	15,000		$	14,722		$	278
Net loss		(84,710	)		(84,988	)		278
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(1.93	)	$	(1.94	)	$	0.01

Impact of Adoption – ASU 2016-18

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18 (Topic 230), Restricted Cash, Statement of Cash Flows (ASU 2016-18). ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash and, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the consolidated statement of cash flows. The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-18 as of January 1, 2019. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amount shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	57,937	$	71,064
Restricted cash		203		203
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	58,140	$	71,267

Impact of Adoption – ASU 2018-07

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07 (Topic 718), Compensation – Stock Compensation (ASU 2018-07). ASU 2018-07 requires an entity to expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees. The Company adopted ASU No.2018-07 as of January 1, 2019, to simplify the calculation of nonemployee share-based payment transactions. The Company measured the estimated fair value of the unvested portion of the non-employee awards as of January 1, 2019. The fair value of options granted to non-employees was estimated using the Black-Scholes method. The adoption had no material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards or Updates Not Yet Effective

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 (Topic 842), Leases (ASU 2016-02). ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases. The ASU will also require new qualitative and quantitative disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. For public entities, ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. As a result of the Company having elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act, ASU 2016-02 is effective for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2021, and all interim periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of Topic 842 and believes it will likely have a material impact on its consolidated balance sheet when adopted. The Company is still evaluating the impact that the statement will have on its consolidated statement of operations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, an amendment which modifies the measurement and recognition of credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. The amendment updates the guidance for measuring and recording credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost by replacing the “incurred loss” model with an “expected loss” model. Accordingly, these financial assets will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The amendment also requires that credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities be recorded as an allowance through net income rather than reducing the carrying amount under the current, other-than-temporary-impairment model. As a result of the Company having elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act, ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023, and all interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No.2018-13 (Topic 820), Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurement in Topic 820. For public entities, ASU 2018-013 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. As a result of the Company having elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act, ASU 2018-13 is effective for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2021, and all interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No.2018-15 (Subtopic 350-40), Intangible – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software. ASU 2018-15 requires an entity in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to internal-use software. For public entities, ASU 2018-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. As a result of the Company having elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act, ASU 2018-15 is effective for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2022, and all interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18 (Topic 808), Collaborative Arrangements. ASU 2018-18 clarifies certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under ASC 606 when the collaborative arrangement participant is a customer in the context of a unit of account and precludes recognizing as revenue consideration received from a collaborative arrangement participant if the participant is not a customer. For public entities, ASU 2018-18 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. As a result of the Company having elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act, ASU 2018-18 is effective for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2021, and all interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. ASU 2019-12 reduces costs and complexity of applying accounting standards while maintaining the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. As a result of the Company having elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act, ASU 2019-12 is effective for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2022, and all interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of the standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.