NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” This update requires that a lessee recognize in the statement of financial position a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and a liability for future lease payments. Similar to past guidance, the update continues to differentiate between finance leases and operating leases; however, this distinction now primarily relates to differences in the manner of expense recognition over time and in the classification of lease payments in the statement of cash flows. Additionally, lessors will be required to classify leases as sales-type, finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of income recognition. Classification for both lessees and lessors is now based on an assessment of whether a lease contract is economically similar to the purchase of a non-financial asset from the perspective of control. The update also requires quantitative and qualitative disclosures to enable users to understand the amount, timing, and judgments related to leases and the related cash flows. We applied the provisions of this ASU to our lease contracts as of January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective method of adoption. Prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reflected in accordance with our historical accounting policies. As of January 1, 2019, we recorded operating lease right-of-use assets of $27.0 million, operating lease liabilities of $28.7 million, and a reduction to retained earnings of $1.7 million as a result of the adoption of this guidance.

We have applied the following practical expedients and elections under the new standard:


•	We elected to utilize the package of transition practical expedients, which among other things, allowed us to carry forward our historical lease classifications for existing leases.


•	For contracts in which we are a lessee, we have elected to account for each lease component and its associated non-lease components as a single lease component.


•	We elected to utilize the short term lease exemption for lease contracts with a term of less than 12 months. These contracts are excluded from the measurement of our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis over their lease term.

Lessee accounting—Lease liabilities are measured at the lease commencement date and are based on the present value of remaining payments contractually required under the contract. Payments that are variable in nature are excluded from the measurement of our lease liabilities and are recorded as an expense as incurred. Options to renew or extend a lease are included in the measurement of our lease liabilities only when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise these rights. In estimating the present value of our lease liabilities, payments are discounted at our incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”), which has been applied utilizing a portfolio approach. We utilized information publicly available from companies within our industry with similar credit profiles to construct a company-specific yield curve in order to estimate the rate of interest we would pay to borrow at various lease terms. At lease commencement, we recognize a lease right-of-use asset equal to our lease liability, adjusted for lease payments paid to the lessor prior to the lease commencement date, and any initial direct costs incurred. Operating lease expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, we amortize our right-of-use assets on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the lease term. Additionally, interest expense is recognized each period related to the accretion of our lease liabilities over their respective lease terms.

Lessor accounting—Our lease contracts generally allow customers to rent equipment on a daily basis with no stated end date. Customers may return the equipment at any point subsequent to the lease commencement date without penalty. We account for these arrangements as a daily renewal option beginning on the lease commencement date, with the lease term determined as the period in which it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. Based on our assessment of the lease classification criteria, our lease contracts have been classified as operating leases. Our lease contracts generally include lease and non-lease components for which each component’s standalone price is separately stated within the contract. Lease revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Non-lease revenue is recognized in accordance with our revenue recognition accounting policy. Assets in our lease program are reported in “Property, plant, and equipment, net” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and are depreciated over their estimated useful lives.

See Note 10—Leases for additional information related to our lease accounting. See Note 17—Cash Flow Information for additional information regarding the presentation of our leases within our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The update amends the impairment model to utilize an expected loss methodology in place of the currently used incurred loss methodology, which may result in earlier recognition of losses related to financial instruments. The guidance will be effective for us on January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract.” The amendments in this update align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by the amendments in this update. The amendments in this update are effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. We are in the process of assessing the impacts the guidance will have on our financial statements.