EX-4.3 2 exhibit4-3.htm EXHIBIT 4.3 Integra Resources Corp.: Exhibit 4.3 - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

 

Integra Resources Corp.

 

Management's Discussion and Analysis

For the Years Ended

December 31, 2022 and 2021

Expressed in US Dollars


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

This portion of this quarterly report provides Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") of the financial condition and results of operations, to enable a reader to assess material changes in financial condition and results of operations as at, and for the year ended December 31, 2022, in comparison to the corresponding prior-year periods. The MD&A is intended to help the reader understand Integra Resources Corp. ("Integra", "we", "our" or the "Company"), our operations, financial performance, and present and future business environment. 

This MD&A has been prepared by management as at March 17, 2023 and should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (the "IASB"). Further information on the Company can be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and the Company's website, www.integraresources.com.

For the purposes of preparing our MD&A, we consider the materiality of information. Information is considered material if: (i) such information results in, or would reasonably be expected to result in, a significant change in the market price or value of our shares; or (ii) there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making an investment decision; or (iii) it would significantly alter the total mix of information available to investors. We evaluate materiality with reference to all relevant circumstances, including potential market sensitivity.

CORPORATE SUMMARY 


Integra Resources Corp. is a mineral resources company engaged in the acquisition, exploration, and development of mineral properties in the Americas. The primary focus of the Company is advancement of its DeLamar gold and silver project ("DeLamar Project"), consisting of the neighboring DeLamar Deposit and Florida Mountain Deposit ("Florida Mtn" or "Florida Mountain") in the heart of the historic Owyhee County mining district in southwestern Idaho. The management team comprises the former executive team from Integra Gold Corp. The Company announced a positive Pre-Feasibility Study ("PFS") in February 2022.

As of March 17, 2023, the officers and directors of the Company were:

George Salamis President, Director and CEO

Andrée St-Germain Chief Financial Officer

Max Baker Vice President Exploration

Timothy Arnold Chief Operating Officer

Joshua Serfass Executive VP, Corporate Development and Investor Relations

Leanne Nakashimada Corporate Secretary

Stephen de Jong Chairman and Director

David Awram Director

Timo Jauristo Director

Anna Ladd-Kruger Director

C.L. "Butch" Otter Director

Carolyn Clark Loder Director

The Company is incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the "BCBCA").

The Company's head office is located at 1050 - 400 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6C 3A6 and its registered office is located at 2200 HSBC Building, 885 West Georgia Street Vancouver, BC V6C 3E8.

The Company trades on the TSX Venture Exchange ("TSX-V"), under the trading symbol "ITR" and trades in the United States on the NYSE American under the stock symbol "ITRG".


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The following diagram illustrates the intercorporate relationships among Integra and its subsidiaries, as well as the jurisdiction of incorporation of each entity.

Q4 2022 IN REVIEW AND RECENT EVENTS


CORPORATE

Subsequent to the year-end, the Company announced a "at-market" merger with Millennial Precious Metals ("Millennial"), along with concurrent financings and amendments to its credit agreement with Beedie Capital. Please refer to the "Subsequent Events" section for further details.

EXPLORATION

Oxide Expansion Drill Program (Stockpile Drilling)

The company commenced in October its 11,000m oxide expansion drill program. This program, designed to expand oxide and mixed resource for future heap leach mine plans, has been initiated on low-grade gold-silver stockpiles left behind by previous operators. The Company completed ~4,000m of Sonic and RC drilling in 2022.

The stockpile drill program at DeLamar continues to meet or exceed expectations in regard to grade and intercept. In addition, the preliminary test work has demonstrated the potential of this oxidized gold-silver mineralized material to further extend the heap leach mine life.

The company announced on December 7, 2022, the first ten assays of the stockpile drill program. Drill results from the DeLamar stockpile drill program released on December 7, 2022 include*:


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
  • NDM22-032: 0.31 grams per tonne ("g/t") gold ("Au") and 16.12 g/t silver ("Ag") (0.51 g/t gold equivalent ("AuEq")) over 83.82 meters ("m")
  • NDM22-122: 0.27 g/t Au and 17.25 g/t Ag (0.49 g/t AuEq) over 70.11 m
  • NDM22-137: 0.29 g/t Au and 15.34 g/t silver Ag (0.48 g/t AuEq) over 67.05 m
  • NDM22-135: 0.26 g/t Au and 18.02 g/t Ag (0.50 g/t AuEq) over 86.87 m

The company announced on January 10, 2023, additional assays from the stockpile drill program. Drill results from the DeLamar stockpile drill program released on January 10, 2023 include*:

  • NDM-22-037: 0.25 g/t Au and 21.38 g/t Ag (0.52 g/t AuEq) over 102.11 m
  • NDM-22-040: 0.34 g/t Au and 18.19 g/t Ag (0.58 g/t AuEq) over 83.82 m
  • NDM-22-050: 0.28 g/t Au and 53.26 g/t Ag (0.97 g/t AuEq) over 24.38 m
  • NDM-22-136: 0.32 g/t Au and 14.28 g/t Ag (0.50 g/t AuEq) over 85.34 m
  • NDM-22-147A: 0.32 g/t Au and 19.60 g/t Ag (0.57 g/t AuEq) over 42.68 m
  • NDM-22-143: 0.23 g/t Au and 19.25 g/t Ag (0.48 g/t AuEq) over 67.06 m

* Downhole thickness; true width varies depending on drill hole dip; most drill holes are aimed at intersecting the vein structures close to perpendicular therefore true widths are close to downhole widths (approximately 70% conversion ratio); Gold equivalent = g Au/t + (g Ag/t ÷ 77.70); Intervals reported are uncapped.

Florida Mountain Drilling

The company announced on October 20, 2022 drill results from Florida Mountain.

Drill results from Florida Mountain include*:

o FME-21-138 - 0.59 g/t Au and 15.01 g/t Ag (0.79 g/t AuEq) over 108.81 m

 Including 3.16 g/t Au and 131.00 g/t Ag (4.85 g/t AuEq) over 1.52 m

o FME-21-141 - 0.50 g/t Au and 41.50 g/t Ag (1.03 g/t AuEq) over 73.15 m

 Including 6.42 g/t Au and 745.00 g/t Ag (16.01 g/t AuEq) over 1.53 m

 Including 2.04 g/t Au and 539.00 g/t Ag (8.98 g/t AuEq) over 1.52 m

o FME-21-152 - 0.50 g/t Au and 31.63 g/t Ag (0.91 g/t AuEq) over 43.89 m

Approximately the first 100 m of the Florida Mountain deposit host oxide and transitional gold-silver mineralization that could be amenable to heap leaching. These drill results from Florida Mtn continue to demonstrate the strong continuity and grade of the oxide and transitional material destined for the heap leach pad as demonstrated in the Company's 2022 PFS.

* Downhole thickness; true width varies depending on drill hole dip; most drill holes are aimed at intersecting the vein structures close to perpendicular therefore true widths are close to downhole widths (approximately 70% conversion ratio); Gold equivalent = g Au/t + (g Ag/t ÷ 77.70); Intervals reported are uncapped.

BlackSheep Drilling

The company announced on October 20, 2022 drill results from BlackSheep.

Drill results from BlackSheep include*:

o IGE-21-004 - 0.52 g/t Au and 110.58 g/t Ag (1.94 g/t AuEq) over 6.86 m

o LDE-21-005 - 0.59 g/t Au and 11.23 g/t Ag (0.73 g/t AuEq) over 48.77 m

 Including 8.62 g/t Au and 17.57 g/t Ag (8.85 g/t AuEq) over 1.52 m


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The BlackSheep target is a highly prospective, 25 square kilometer greenfield exploration target northwest of the DeLamar Deposit. Integra has done very limited exploration drilling in BlackSheep to date; however, the initial drill results at BlackSheep have identified multiple oxide and transitional gold-silver targets that could further complement DeLamar.

Generally, the first 40 m of material at BlackSheep is oxide and transitional and could be amenable heap leaching, subject to further metallurgical testwork. The Company also completed an extensive surface mapping and sampling program at BlackSheep, surface assay samples include:

o Lucky Days - 2.76 g/t Au and 586.00 g/t Ag (10.30 g/t AuEq)

o Georgianna - 13.33 g/t Au and 109.57 g/t Ag (14.74 g/t AuEq)

o Twin Peaks - 6.12 g/t Au and 330.00 g/t Ag (10.37 g/t AuEq)

* Downhole thickness; true width varies depending on drill hole dip; most drill holes are aimed at intersecting the vein structures close to perpendicular therefore true widths are close to downhole widths (approximately 70% conversion ratio); Gold equivalent = g Au/t + (g Ag/t ÷ 77.70); Intervals reported are uncapped.

Sampling and QA/QC Procedure

Thorough QA/QC protocols are followed on the DeLamar Project, including insertion of duplicate, blank and standard samples in the assay stream for all drill holes. The samples are submitted directly to AAL in Reno, Nevada for preparation and analysis. Analysis of gold is performed using fire assay method with atomic absorption ("AA") finish on a 1 assay ton aliquot. Gold results over 5 g/t are re-run using a gravimetric finish. Silver analysis is performed using ICP for results up to 100 g/t on a 5 acid digestion, with a fire assay, gravimetric finish for results over 100 g/t silver.

See "Properties - Sampling, Analysis and Data Verification" below with respect to the DeLamar Report.

DEVELOPMENT

Drilling:

Metallurgical Drilling:  The Company continued its metallurgical drilling program in 2022 and drilled a total of 1,831 m this year.

Condemnation Drilling:  The Company continued its condemnation drilling program in 2022 and drilled a total of 1,753 m this year.

Geotechnical Drilling:  The Company continued its geotechnical drilling program in 2022 and drilled a total of 283 m this year.

Engineering/Metallurgical Work:

Work began on the Mining Plan of Operations (MPO) in the fourth quarter of 2022. Kick off meetings where held and controls put in place. Major engineering efforts included the development of pit shells using parameters specific to the MPO.  Geochemistry and PAG management were identified as major focuses for future designs, along with site wide water management strategies. Legacy water management data and maps were provided to the MPO team in conjunction with Site Operations and Permitting teams.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Geotechnical drilling was conducted on private lands and BLM lands to support facility locations for the MPO. Sources of construction materials was also identified, including regional geology and historical data reviews for sand and gravel, and drilling of potential clay borrow locations for construction and reclamation. A meeting was held with Owyhee County to further discuss the potential use of Cow Creek Road. The Heap Leach Solutions conference in Reno was attended, a project update was presented at the Idaho Mining Conference.

Q4 metallurgical work included a review of the recovery models based on updated oxidation logging. Planned variability flotation testwork was completed on the Sullivan Gulch Albion composites. Additional cyanide shake data was added to the DeLamar database to better define that deposit and bolster the recovery model. Several column composites from DeLamar were started to fill in area gaps from the PFS and to investigate a finer crush size, as was done for Florida Mountain prior to the PFS. Additional Bottle Roll Variability Tests (BRT) tests were also completed on DeLamar materials to better define the ore body. BRTs were also started on a number of composites from the North DeLamar backfill drilling. This Metallurgical testwork on DeLamar materials will also help inform the extent to which the varios various historical zones of DeLamar need to remain separated in the recovery models. Two Column Leach Residues from Florida Mountain PFS testing were re-crushed from 2 inch to ½ inch to improve coverage of the heap leach recovery model.

Permitting:

Integra finalized comments from the agencies on the baseline survey technical reports that were completed in 2021.  The Geochemistry program continued for the fourth quarter of 2022 with humidity cell testing and sample analysis. Comments from the 2021 Meteorological Station annual report and the PM10 Q4 Data Summary Report were completed in Q4 with the addition of a meteorological monitoring station at Florida Mountain to better define site climatology in support of hydrogeologic modeling efforts.

A presentation was conducted in November to the agencies on the interpreted of data from the first 32 weeks of humidity cells data for Meteoric Water Mobility Procedures ("MWMP"), Acid Based Accounting ("ABA") and Net Acid Generating ("NAG").  The presentation was followed up by the submittal of a request to the agency, requesting termination of 13 of the 37 humidity cells currently in testing. Termination was granted for ten of the 13 cells submitted with the second batch of terminations to be requested after 52 weeks or the end of February 2023.  Integra plans on submitting the next request for termination of cells after week 52 of testing.

Integra advanced the groundwater hydrogeologic model by continued refinement of the geologic model and calibration to measured water levels in the site groundwater wells. Additional discretization and refinement around geology and large-scale faults, soils and surface soil water balance will be ongoing through Q1/Q2 2023. Continued monitoring of 2022 installed Vibrating Wire Piezometers (VWPs) in select metallurgical and exploration drill holes throughout the site to monitor groundwater elevations below the proposed pits in proximity to underground workings and surface stream flows to further refine the model parameters.

Integra initiated work on the Mine Plan of Operations ("MPO"); which is scheduled to be submitted in Q4 2023, by hosting an initial kick off meeting in late October and a subsequent detailed design, planning and delivery meeting in December with Integra's engineering and permitting departments.  Included in these meetings were all of the critical team members from permitting and engineering subconsultants that are expected to play a major role in the development and submittal of the MPO in Q4 2023.  The focus of these meetings was to identify critical factors of the mine plan and assign responsible parties and timelines around each of the critical factors needed for the submittal.

Integra continued work on water rights and potential groundwater or surface water locations to be use for future site makeup water. Conducted coordination with subconsultants on the USGS Gaging Station along Jordan and preparation for weir rehabilitation and basin water monitoring. Integra completed Q4 surface water and groundwater sampling events in early October and submitted Q3 quarterly report to the agencies.  Integra continued coordination with IDEQ, BLM, IDL, IDWR, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Idaho Office of Energy and Mineral Resources ("OEMR") on select 2022 project studies as well as planning for 2023. 


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

Over the course of 2022 Integra continued to engage with its stakeholder base guided by the Company's External Stakeholder Plan ("ESP"). The ESP outlines how Integra addresses stakeholders, community impacts, risks and opportunities associated with activities related to the DeLamar Project, and sets out to achieve its goals by:

  • Engaging in meaningful, regular dialogue with stakeholders about Project activities and plans, resulting in the development of lasting, meaningful relationships with stakeholders;
  • Managing, limiting and mitigating negative impacts to the community from the Project;
  • Maintaining an effective feedback & grievance mechanism to manage risks to the business and community through responsive and fair resolution of feedback and/or grievances, and;
  • Sharing benefits with and contributing positively to the local community in line with business objectives, as well as community needs and priorities.

In 2022, Integra engaged with over ~6,200 stakeholders, and made over $100,000 in direct investments into its local communities. The top four categories of stakeholders engaged were civic/nonprofit organizations, local residents, educational institutions, and Company employees. 79% of engagements took place in person, followed by 17% videoconference, allowing the Company to remain engaged with stakeholders who are geographically dispersed.

Integra continued to prioritize engagement with Tribal Nations with current and/or ancestral ties to the lands surrounding the DeLamar Project. These meetings are in addition to the Government to Government meetings held throughout various stages of project development. The Company has continued to work towards the collaborative implementation of a Cultural Monitoring Program with input and representation from several Tribal Nations.

The Company published its second annual Sustainability Report in Q4 2022. In preparation for this Sustainability Report, Integra conducted an inaugural Materiality Assessment. The Materiality Assessment is an analysis and validation process to define the topics that reflect the Company's significant economic, environmental and social impacts, or ones that substantively influence the assessments and decisions of its stakeholders. To ascertain these topics, the external relations team used interviews and surveys to identify what is relevant or significant for stakeholders and therein defined the topics that have the highest potential impact for Integra and the people, businesses and ecosystems the Company interacts with.

With a primary focus on strengthening Company culture, the Integra Employee Culture Committee held monthly meetings, focusing on culture and value integration and monitoring throughout the Company. The Committee manages the Peer-to-Peer Recognition Program, reviews and approves donation requests in accordance with the Community Investment Policy, and manages the Employee Wellness Program amongst other responsibilities.

Integra's Board of Directors ESG Committee met twice in 2022, completing a review of public affairs, including stakeholder engagement, Tribal Nation engagement, government affairs, and a risk dashboard review. The Committee also reviewed and approved the annual Sustainability Report, and reviewed an update on the Company's Corporate Governance policies.

Water treatment operations followed their regular course at the DeLamar Project, and no material environmental or health and safety incidents were reported for the year.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

2023 OUTLOOK


2023 Strategy

DeLamar Resources

The Company will continue its 11,000m stockpile drilling program started in 2022. The Company expects a revised oxide resource estimate in the first half of 2023.

DeLamar Permitting and Engineering

Permitting and engineering work at DeLamar will continue and is focused on a fully developed stand-alone heap leach gold-silver operation. Baseline study work is ongoing to support the submittal of a Mine Plan of Operations in H2 2023.

Completion of the Merger with Millennial Precious Metals

The completion of the Millennial merger is subject to regulatory approvals and subject to Millennial's shareholders approval. The shareholder vote is expected in late April, and the Company anticipates closing the merger shortly after. Key 2023 deliverables at the Wildcat and Mountain View properties include a revised resource estimate and the delivery of a Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) in late Q2 2023.

PROPERTIES


(1) DeLamar Project, Idaho

The DeLamar Project consists of the neighboring DeLamar Deposit and Florida Mountain Deposit.

The bulk of the information in this section is derived from the "Technical Report and Preliminary Feasibility Study for the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Gold - Silver Project, Owyhee County, Idaho, USA", dated March 22, 2022 with an effective date of January 24, 2022 (the "DeLamar Report"). The DeLamar Report is available for review under the Company's issuer profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com

Project Description, Location and Ownership

The DeLamar Project includes of 790 unpatented lode, placer, and millsite claims, and 16 tax parcels comprised of patented mining claims, as well as certain leasehold and easement interests, that cover approximately 8,673 hectares (21,431 acres) in southwestern Idaho, about 80km (50 miles) southwest of Boise.  The property is approximately centered at 43°00′48″N, 116°47′35″W, within portions of the historical Carson (Silver City) mining district, and it includes the formerly producing DeLamar mine last operated by Kinross Gold Corporation ("Kinross").  The total annual land-holding costs are estimated to be $473,244.  All mineral titles and permits are held by DMC, an indirect, 100% wholly owned subsidiary of Integra that was acquired from Kinross through the DeLamar Purchase Agreement in 2017.

Of the 284 unpatented claims acquired from Kinross, 101 are subject to a 2.0% NSR royalty payable to a predecessor owner.  This royalty is not applicable to the current project Mineral Resources and Reserves. There are also eight lease agreements covering 33 patented claims and five unpatented claims that require NSR payments ranging from 2.0% to 5.0%.  One of these leases covers a small portion of the DeLamar Area Mineral Resources and one covers a small portion of the Florida Mountain Area Mineral Resources and Reserves, with 5.0% and 2.5% NSRs applicable to maximums of $50,000 and $650,000 in royalty payments, respectively.  The DeLamar Project includes 1,561 hectares (3,857.2 acres) under seven leases from the State of Idaho, which are subject to a 5.0% NSR production royalty plus annual payments of $27,282.  The State of Idaho leases include very small portions of both the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area Mineral Resources and Reserves.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Kinross has retained a 2.5% NSR royalty (i.e. the "Kinross Royalty") that applies to those portions of the DeLamar Area claims that are unencumbered by the royalties outlined above.  The Kinross Royalty applies to more than 90% of the current DeLamar Area Mineral Resources, but this royalty will be reduced to 1.0% upon Kinross receiving total royalty payments of CAD$10,000,000 (US$7.4 million). The Kinross Royalty was subsequently purchased by Maverix on December 19, 2019.  Maverix was subsequently acquired by Triple Flag Precious Metals Corp. on January 19, 2023. DMC also owns mining claims and leased lands peripheral to the DeLamar Project described above.  These landholdings are not part of the DeLamar Project, although some of the lands are contiguous with those of the DeLamar and Florida Mountain claims and State Leases.  The DMC lands peripheral to the DeLamar Project have no Mineral Resources or Reserves.

The principal access to the DeLamar Project is from U.S. Highway 95 and the town of Jordan Valley, Oregon, proceeding east on Yturri Blvd. from Jordan Valley for 7.6km (4.7 miles) to the Trout Creek Road.  It is then another 39.4km (24.5 miles) travelling east on the gravel Trout Creek Road to reach the DeLamar mine tailing facility and nearby site office building.  Travel time by automobile via this route is approximately 35 minutes.  Secondary access is from the town of Murphy, Idaho and State Highway 78, via the Old Stage Road and the Silver City Road.  Travel time by this secondary route is estimated to be about 1.5 hours.

Environmental Liabilities and Permitting

The 1977 - 1998 DeLamar open-pit mining operations included the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas.  The DeLamar Area mine facilities, specifically the historical Sommercamp and North DeLamar open pits, incorporate essentially all the historical underground mining features (adits and dumps) in the vicinity.  In the Florida Mountain Area, many historical underground mining features remain to the north of the historical Florida Mountain Area open pits and waste rock dump, and several of these historical underground mining features are located within the DeLamar Project, including collapsed adits, dumps, and collapsed structures.  None of these features have water discharging to the environment.

The DeLamar Project historical open-pit mine areas have been in closure since 2003.  While a substantial amount of reclamation and closure work has been completed to date at the site, there remain ongoing water-management activities, monitoring, and reporting.  A reclamation bond of $2,778,929 remains with the Idaho Department of Lands ("IDL") and  $100,000 bond remains with the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality ("IDEQ") for ongoing reclamation activities. In addition, $631,400 bond remains with the United States Bureau of Land Management ("BLM") for exploration activities and groundwater well installation on public lands. There are also reclamation bonds with the IDL in the total amount of $597,049 for exploration activities on IDL leased lands.

The DeLamar Project holds the following primary permits: two Plans of Operation ("PoO"), one with IDL and the BLM (PoO #248), and one with IDL (PoO #936).  In addition, DMC holds a Cyanidation Permit from the IDEQ, an Air Quality Permit from IDEQ, a Dam Safety Permit from the IDWR, and a 2015 Multi-Sector General Permit, Storm Water Permit, and a Ground Water Remediation Permit from the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

As of the date of the DeLamar Report, Integra is conducting a drilling program on patented and unpatented mining claims in the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas.  This drilling is being undertaken under a notification from IDL, as well as two notices filed with the BLM.  The exploration program recommended in the DeLamar Report includes proposed drilling in the Florida Mountain Area, as well as further drilling in the DeLamar Area.  This proposed work would necessitate a modification to the existing notification for drilling in the DeLamar Area, and a new notification for Florida Mountain Area drilling performed on patented claims.  A notice would need to be filed with the BLM if any of the recommended drilling is undertaken on unpatented claims.  Separate notices would be filed with the BLM for each of the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas of unpatented claims. 


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

History

Total production of gold and silver from the DeLamar Project area is estimated to be approximately 1.3 million ounces of gold and 70 million ounces of silver from 1891 through 1998, with an additional but unknown quantity produced at the DeLamar mill in 1999.  From 1876 to 1891, an estimated 1.025 million ounces of gold and 51 million ounces of silver were produced from the original De Lamar underground mine and the later DeLamar open-pit operations.  At the Florida Mountain Area, nearly 260,000 ounces of gold and 18 million ounces of silver were produced from the historical underground mines and late 1990s open-pit mining. 

Mining activity began in the area of the DeLamar Project when placer gold deposits were discovered in early 1863 in Jordan Creek, a short distance upstream from what later became the town site of De Lamar.  During the summer of 1863, the first silver-gold lodes were discovered in quartz veins at War Eagle Mountain, to the east of the Florida Mountain Area, resulting in the initial settlement of Silver City.  Between 1876 and 1888, significant silver-gold veins were discovered and developed in the district, including underground mines at De Lamar Mountain and the Florida Mountain Area.  A total of 553,000 ounces of gold and 21.3 million ounces of silver were reportedly produced from the De Lamar and Florida Mountain Area underground mines from the late 1800s to early 1900s. 

The mines in the district were closed in 1914, following which very little production took place until gold and silver prices increased in the 1930s.  Placer gold was again recovered from Jordan Creek from 1934 to 1940, and in 1938 a 181 tpd flotation mill was constructed to process waste dumps from the De Lamar underground mine.  The flotation mill reportedly operated until the end of 1942.  Including the Florida Mountain Area, the De Lamar - Silver City area is believed to have produced about 1 million ounces of gold and 25 million ounces of silver from 1863 through 1942.

During the late 1960s, the district began to undergo exploration for near-surface bulk-mineable gold-silver deposits, and in 1977 a joint venture operated by Earth Resources Corporation ("Earth Resources") began production from an open-pit, milling and cyanide tank-leach operation at De Lamar Mountain, known as the DeLamar mine.  In 1981, Earth Resources was acquired by the Mid Atlantic Petroleum Company ("MAPCO"), and in 1984 and 1985 the NERCO Mineral Company ("NERCO") successively acquired the MAPCO interest and the entire joint venture to operate the DeLamar mine with 100% ownership.  NERCO was purchased by the Kennecott Copper Corporation ("Kennecott") in 1993.  Two months later in 1993, Kennecott sold its 100% interest in the DeLamar mine and property to Kinross, and Kinross operated the mine, which expanded to the Florida Mountain Area in 1994.  Mining ceased in 1998, milling ceased in 1999, and mine closure activities commenced in 2003.  Closure and reclamation were nearly completed by 2014, as the mill and other mine buildings were removed, and drainage and cover of the tailing facility were developed.

Total open-pit production from the DeLamar Project from 1977 through 1998, including the Florida Mountain Area operation, is estimated at approximately 750,000 ounces of gold and 47.6 million ounces of silver, with an unknown quantity produced at the DeLamar mill in 1999.  From start-up in 1977 through to the end of 1998, open-pit production in the DeLamar Area totaled 625,000 ounces of gold and about 45 million ounces of silver.  This production came from pits developed at the Glen Silver, Sommercamp - Regan (including North and South Wahl), and North DeLamar areas.  In 1993, the DeLamar mine was operating at a mining rate of 27,216 tonnes (30,000 tons) per day, with a milling capacity of about 3,629 tonnes (4,000 tons) per day.  In 1994, Kinross commenced open-pit mining at the Florida Mountain Area while continuing production from the DeLamar mine.  The ore from the Florida Mountain Area, which was mined through 1998, was processed at the DeLamar facilities.  Florida Mountain Area production in 1994 through 1998 totaled 124,500 ounces of gold and 2.6 million ounces of silver.

Historical Resource and Reserve Estimations

The estimates described in here are presented herein as an item of historical interest with respect to historical open-pit mining and exploration at the DeLamar Project property.  The historical estimations presented below are considered relevant because they represent an "ore reserve" that formed the basis of the initial open-pit mining, "reserves" estimated at the time of Kinross' acquisition of the mining operations, and "resources" estimated at the time of closure of the open-pit mining operations.  The classification terminology is presented as described in the original references, but these categories do not conform to the Measured, Indicated, and Inferred Mineral Resource classifications as set out in NI 43-101 and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (the CIM Definition Standards).  There is insufficient information for the relevant author of the DeLamar Report to understand how these historical categories differ from CIM Definition Standards.  In addition, the relevant author of the DeLamar Report has not completed sufficient work to classify these historical estimates as current Mineral Resources or Reserves, and Integra is not treating these historical estimates as current Mineral Resources or Reserves.  The relevant author of the DeLamar Report is unaware of the key assumptions, parameters, and methods used to prepare the historical estimates.  The historical estimates have been superseded by the current Mineral Resource and Reserve estimates described in the DeLamar Report and therefore they cannot be upgraded or verified as current Mineral Resources or Reserves.  Accordingly, these estimates are relevant only for historical context and should not be relied upon.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The first reported historical "ore reserve" was presented in a 1974 feasibility study prepared by the Exploration Division of Earth Resources.  A total of 4.124 million tonnes of "ore reserves" with average grades of 142.29 grams Ag/t and 1.58 grams Au/t, for about 18.8 million silver ounces and 210,000 gold ounces, were estimated for the Sommercamp and North DeLamar zones.

At the time of the Kinross acquisition of the DeLamar operations and properties in 1993, the end-of-year 1992 reserves for the DeLamar mine area were estimated by Elkin (1993) at approximately 9.335 million tonnes with average silver and gold grades of 55.86 grams Ag/t and 0.72 grams Au/t, respectively.  Following the cessation of mining at the end of 1998 due to low metal prices, Kinross reported estimated resources and no reserves of 8.406 million tonnes with average silver and gold grades of 32.05 grams Ag/t and 1.25 grams Au/t, respectively. 

In October 2017 Integra produced an initial Mineral Resource estimate on the DeLamar Project.  The Company subsequently updated the Mineral Resource estimate in March 2018.  In June 2019, Integra completed the 2019 Technical Report, including an updated Mineral Resource estimate for the DeLamar Project, which includes the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area deposits.  The 2019 PEA was based on the updated Mineral Resource estimate in the 2019 Technical Report. In March 2022, the Company filed the DeLamar Report including an updated Mineral Resource estimate and an initial Mineral Reserve estimate.  The Mineral Resource and Reserve estimates are provided under the heading "Mineral Resources and Reserves" below and the PFS included in the DeLamar Report is based on the Mineral Reserve estimate.

Geological Setting and Mineralization

The DeLamar Project is situated in the Owyhee Mountains near the east margin of the mid-Miocene Columbia River - Steens flood-basalt province and the west margin of the Snake River Plain.  The Owyhee Mountains comprise a major mid-Miocene eruptive center, generally composed of mid-Miocene basalt flows intruded and overlain by mid-Miocene rhyolite dikes, domes, flows and tuffs, developed on an eroded surface of Late Cretaceous granitic rocks.

The DeLamar mine area and mineralized zones are situated within an arcuate, nearly circular array of overlapping porphyritic and flow-banded rhyolite flows and domes that overlie cogenetic, precursor pyroclastic deposits erupted as local tuff rings.  Integra interprets the porphyritic and banded rhyolite flows and latites as composite flow domes and dikes emplaced along regional-scale northwest-trending structures.  At the Florida Mountain Area, flow-banded rhyolite flows and domes cut through and overlie a tuff breccia unit that overlies basaltic lava flows and Late Cretaceous granitic rocks.

Gold-silver mineralization occurred as two distinct but related types: (i) relatively continuous, quartz-filled fissure veins that were the focus of late 19th and early 20th century underground mining, hosted mainly in the basalt and granodiorite and to a lesser degree in the overlying felsic volcanic units; and (ii) broader, bulk-mineable zones of closely-spaced quartz veinlets and quartz-cemented hydrothermal breccia veins that are individually continuous for only a few meters/feet laterally and vertically, and of mainly less than 1.3cm (0.5 inches) in width - predominantly hosted in the rhyolites and latites peripheral to and above the quartz-filled fissures.  This second style of mineralization was mined in the open pits of the late 20th century DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area operations, hosted primarily by the felsic volcanic units.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The fissure veins mainly strike north to northwest and are filled with quartz accompanied by variable amounts of adularia, sericite or clay, ± minor calcite.  Vein widths vary from a few centimeters to several meters, but the veins persist laterally and vertically for as much as several hundreds of meters.  Principal silver and gold minerals are naumannite, aguilarite, argentite, ruby silver, native gold and electrum, native silver, cerargyrite, and acanthite.  Variable amounts of pyrite and marcasite with very minor chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena occur in some veins.  Gold- and silver-bearing minerals are generally very fine grained.

Deposit Type

Based upon the styles of alteration, the nature of the veins, the alteration and vein mineralogy, and the geologic setting, the gold and silver mineralization at the DeLamar Project is best interpreted in the context of the volcanic-hosted, low-sulfidation type of epithermal model.  This model has its origins in the De Lamar - Silver City district, where it was first developed by Lindgren (1900) based on his first-hand studies of the veins and altered wallrocks in the De Lamar and Florida Mountain mines.  Various vein textures, mineralization, and alteration features, and the low contents of base metals in the district are typical of what are now known as low-sulfidation epithermal deposits world-wide.  The host-rock setting of mineralization at the DeLamar Project is similar to the simple model shown in the figure below, with the lower basalt sequence occupying the stratigraphic position of the volcano-sedimentary rocks shown below.  The Milestone portion of the district appears to be situated within and near the surficial sinter terrace in this model.

Schematic Model of a Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Mineralizing System

Many other deposits of this class occur within the Basin and Range province of Nevada, and elsewhere in the world.  Some well-known low-sulfidation epithermal gold and silver properties with geological similarities to the DeLamar Project include the past-producing Rawhide, Sleeper, Midas, and Hog Ranch mines in Nevada.  The Midas district includes selenium-rich veins similar to, but much richer in calcite, than the veins known in the DeLamar Project.  At both the DeLamar Project and Midas, epithermal mineralization took place coeval with rhyolite volcanism, and shortly after basaltic volcanism, during middle Miocene time.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Exploration

Exploration work other than drilling has included topographic and geophysical surveys, airborne magnetic surveys, IP/Resistivity surveys, rock and soil geochemical sampling, geologic mapping, database development and checking and cross-sectional geologic modelling.  The results of this work and interpretations were applied to the estimation of Mineral Resources in the DeLamar Report.

Drilling

As of the effective date of the DeLamar Report, the Mineral Resource database includes data from 2,836 holes, for a total of 337,268m (1,106,522 feet), that were drilled by Integra and various historical operators at the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas. 

The historical drilling was completed from 1966 to 1998 and includes 2,625 holes for a total of 275,790m (904,821 feet) of drilling.  Most of the historical drilling was done using RC and conventional rotary methods; a total of 106 historical holes were drilled using diamond-core ("core") methods for a total of 10,845m (35,581 feet).  Approximately 74% of the historical drilling was vertical, including all historical conventional rotary holes.  At DeLamar, a significant portion of the total meterage drilled historically was subsequently mined during the open-pit operations.

Integra commenced drilling in 2018.  As of the end of December 2020, Integra had drilled a total of 60 RC holes, 140 core holes, and 11 holes commenced with RC and finished with core tails, for a total of 61,478 meters (201,699 feet) in the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas combined.  All but one of the Integra holes were angled.  Integra's drilling continued through 2021 but none of the 2021 drilling is included in the Mineral Resource database used to estimate the current Mineral Resources included in the DeLamar Report.

Of the historical holes for which the drilling method is known, 602 of the DeLamar Area holes were drilled by RC, 438 by conventional rotary, and 60 were core holes.  74% of the historical holes in the DeLamar Area were vertical.  At the Florida Mountain Area, 961 of the historical holes were drilled by RC methods, 58 by conventional-rotary methods, and 46 by diamond core methods; less than 10% of the historical holes were vertical.  None of the conventional rotary holes were angled in either area.  A combined total of 106 holes were drilled using core methods for a total of 10,822m (35,505 feet), or 3.9% of the overall meterage drilled.  The median down-hole depth of all historical holes in the DeLamar Area is 91m (298.6 feet), and the median depth in the Florida Mountain Area is 123m (403.5 feet).

Down-hole contamination is always a concern with holes drilled by rotary (RC or conventional) methods.  Contamination occurs when material originating from the walls of the drill hole above the bottom of the hole is incorporated with the sample being extracted at the bit face at the bottom of the hole.  The potential for down-hole contamination increases substantially if significant water is present during drilling, whether the water is from in-the-ground sources or injected by the drillers.  Conventional rotary holes, in which the sample is returned to the surface along the space between the drill rods and the walls of the drilled hole, are particularly susceptible to down-hole contamination, although these concerns are limited at the DeLamar project due to the shallow depths and vertical orientation of the rotary holes, and the fact that a significant quantity of the rotary data was mined out during the historical mining operations.

Some of the drill-hole logs reviewed by Mine Development Associates, a division of RESPEC ("MDA") were found to have notations as to the presence of water during drilling, as well as occasional comments concerning drilling difficulties and sample sizes.  Integra therefore comprehensively compiled sample quality information from the historical drill logs, and this information, which includes logged notes on intersected groundwater and/or drill-injected fluids, was used by MDA in the modeling of DeLamar Project Mineral Resources.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

There is a complete lack of down-hole deviation survey data for the historical holes in the DeLamar Area database, and the Florida Mountain Area database includes deviation data for 33 RC and four core holes.  While the paucity of such data is not unusual for drilling done prior to the 1990s, the lack of deviation data contributes a level of uncertainty as to the exact locations of drill samples at depth.  However, in the DeLamar Area these uncertainties are mitigated to a significant extent by the vertical orientation of three-quarters of the drill holes, the generally shallow down-hole depths, and the likely open-pit nature of any potential future mining operation that is based in part on data derived from the historical holes.  Such uncertainties, while still minor, are more pronounced in the Florida Mountain Area, where about 80% of the historical holes were inclined, and the holes were generally slightly longer than those in the DeLamar Area.  In consideration of the fact that any potential future mining operation that would rely in part on the reliability of the historical drill data would entail open-pit methods, the potential inaccuracies in the locations of drill samples imparted by the lack of down-hole surveys is not considered to be a material issue.

Down-hole lengths of gold and silver intercepts derived from vertical holes, which were almost exclusively historical holes, can significantly exaggerate true mineralized thicknesses in cases where steeply dipping holes intersect steeply dipping mineralization, for example in portions of the Sommercamp area.  This effect is entirely mitigated by the modeling techniques employed in the estimation of the current Mineral Resources, however, which constrain all intercepts to lie within explicitly interpreted domains that appropriately respect the known and inferred geologic controls and mineralized thicknesses.

The overwhelming majority of sample intervals in the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area databases have a down-hole length of 1.52m (5.0 feet).  This sample length is considered appropriate for the near-surface style of mineralization that characterizes the current Mineral Resources at both the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas.

Beyond the sample-quality noted above, which were identified and the affected samples removed from use in the estimation of the DeLamar Project Mineral Resources, the relevant author of the DeLamar Report is unaware of any sampling or sample-recovery factors that materially impact the accuracy and reliability of the drill-hole data, and believes that the drill samples are of sufficient quality for the purposes used in the DeLamar Report.

Sampling, Analysis and Data Verification

Historical Sampling, Analysis and Data Verification

The relevant authors of the DeLamar Report are not aware of sample-preparation procedures or sample-security protocols employed prior to the start-up of open-pit mining operations in 1977, although further detailed reviews of historical documentation may yield such information in the future.

According to one historical report from 1993, sample preparation procedures at the mine laboratory had remained relatively constant up to the date of such ore-reserve report.  Drill cuttings were split at the drill site to obtain samples weighing approximately 4.5kg (10 pounds).  When received at the mine laboratory, the samples were dried and crushed to -10 mesh.  Splits of 150mm (9.15 cubic inch) volumes were then pulverized to pulps with 90% passing 100 mesh.  At the date of the report, one-assay-ton (30-gram) (1.06-ounce) aliquots were taken from these pulps for assaying.

The relevant authors of the DeLamar Report are unaware of any specific sample-security protocols undertaken during the various historical drilling programs at the DeLamar Project.  However, approximately 75% of the drill data in the DeLamar Area database and 98% of the holes in the Florida Mountain Area are derived from drilling undertaken after the open-pit mining operations had initiated.  It is very likely that the drilling and sampling completed during the mining operations were undertaken in areas of controlled access.

Until 1988, in-house assays were done by MIBK AA methods.  From approximately 1988 through to the end of the open-pit mining operations, all analyses by the mine laboratory were completed using standard fire-assay methods.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Integra Sampling, Analysis and Data Verification

Integra's RC and core samples were transported by the drilling contractor or Integra personnel from the drill sites to Integra's logging and core cutting facility at the DeLamar mine on a daily basis.  The RC samples were allowed to dry for a few days at the drill sites prior to delivery to the secured logging and core-cutting facility.

The 2018, 2019 and 2020 core sample intervals were sawn lengthwise mainly into halves after logging and photography by Integra geologists and technicians in the logging and sample storage area.  In some cases, the core was sawed into quarters.  Sample intervals of either ½ or ¼ core were placed in numbered sample bags and the remainder of the core was returned to the core box and stored in a secure area on site.  Core sample bags were closed and placed in a secure holding area awaiting dispatch to the analytical laboratory.

All of Integra's rock, soil and drilling samples were prepared and analyzed at American Assay Laboratories ("AAL") in Sparks, Nevada.  AAL is an independent commercial laboratory accredited effective December 1, 2020 to the ISO/IEC Standard 17025:2017 for testing and calibration laboratories.  The drilling samples were transported from the DeLamar mine logging and sample storage area to AAL by Integra's third-party trucking contractor. 

The soil samples were screened to -80 mesh for multi-element analysis at AAL.  MDA has no other information on the methods and procedures used for the preparation of Integra's soil and rock samples.

The same principal analytical methods were used at AAL for both soil and surface-rock samples collected by Integra.  Gold was determined by fire-assay fusion of 60-gram (2.12-ounce) aliquots with an inductively coupled plasma optical-emission spectrometry ("ICP") finish.  Silver and 44 major, minor and trace elements were determined by ICP and mass spectrometry ("ICP-MS") following a 5-acid digestion of 0.5-gram (0.018-ounce) aliquots.  Rock samples that assayed greater than 10 g Au/t were re-analyzed by fire-assay fusion of 30-gram (1.06-ounce) aliquots with a gravimetric finish.  Samples with greater than 100 g Ag/t were also re-analyzed fire-assay fusion of 30-gram aliquots with a gravimetric finish.  Some rock samples were analyzed for gold using a metallic-screen fire assay procedure.

RC samples from the 2018 and 2019 drilling were dried upon arrival at AAL's Reno facility.  The dry samples were crushed to a size of -6 mesh and then roll-crushed to -10 mesh.  One-kilogram (2.205-pound) splits of the -10-mesh materials were pulverized to 95% passing -150 mesh.  Sixty-gram aliquots of the one-kilogram pulps were analyzed at AAL for gold mainly by fire-assay fusion with an ICP finish.  Silver and 44 major, minor, and trace elements were determined by ICP and ICP-MS following a 5-acid digestion of 0.5-gram aliquots.  Samples that assayed greater than 10 g Au/t were re-analyzed by fire-assay fusion of 30-gram aliquots with a gravimetric finish.  Samples with greater than 100 g Ag/t were also re-analyzed fire-assay fusion of 30-gram aliquots with a gravimetric finish.  Selected RC samples were analyzed for gold using a metallic-screen fire assay procedure. 

Integra's 2018, 2019 and 2020 core samples were prepared and assayed at AAL for gold, silver, and multi-elements using the identical methods used for Integra's RC samples. 

Integra Quality Assurance/Quality Control Programs

Coarse blank material, certified reference materials ("CRMs"), and RC field duplicates were inserted into the drill-sample streams as part of Integra's quality assurance/ quality control procedures.  The blank material consisted of coarse fragments of basalt that was inserted approximately every 10th sample.  Commercial CRMs were inserted as pulps at a frequency of approximately every 10th sample.

Integra's sample preparation and analyses were performed at a well-known certified laboratory, and the sample security and assurance/quality control procedures were judged to be adequate by the relevant authors of the DeLamar Report.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Data Verification

The historical portions of the current resource drill-hole databases for the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas were created by MDA using original DeLamar mine digital database files, and this information was subjected to extensive verification measures by both MDA and Integra.  The Integra portions of the drill-hole databases were directly created by MDA using original digital analytical certificates in the case of the assay tables and checking against original digital records in the case of the collar and down-hole deviation tables.  Through these and numerous other verification procedures summarized in the DeLamar Report, the relevant author of the DeLamar Report has verified that the DeLamar Project data as a whole are acceptable as used in the DeLamar Report.

Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing

Useful information with respect to mineral processing of DeLamar Area gold-silver mineralization by milling and subsequent cyanide leaching is derived from mill production records from the historical open-pit mining operations from 1977 through to the end of 1992.  All ore during this time period was mined from the DeLamar Area and was processed by crushing, grinding, and cyanide leaching, followed by precipitation with zinc dust and in-house smelting of the precipitate to produce silver-gold doré.  After leaching, the solids were concentrated in a series of five thickening tanks and then pumped to a tailing impoundment.  During mine closure the tailing were partially dewatered and capped with layers of clay and soil as part of the mine reclamation program.

The DeLamar Area produced 421,300 ounces of gold and about 26 million ounces of silver from 1977 through 1992 from 11.686 million tonnes of ore processed with average mill head grades of 1.17 grams Au/t and 87.1 grams Ag/t.  The data relied upon indicated mill recoveries during the first 15 years of mine operation averaged 96.2% for gold and 79.5% for silver.  It should be noted that Elkin (1993) surmised that, "Based on historical records and laboratory testing, the metallurgical recovery of gold is projected to be about 94 percent and 77 percent for silver."

Metallurgical testing by Integra, generally conducted at McClelland Laboratories during 2018 through 2021, has been used to select preferred processing methods and estimate recoveries for oxide, mixed and non-oxide mineralization from both the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area.  Samples used for this testing, primarily drill hole composites from 2018 through 2020 Integra drilling, were selected to represent the various material types contained in the current Mineral Resources from both the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area.  Composites were selected to evaluate effects of area, depth, grade, oxidation, lithology, and alteration on metallurgical response.

Bottle-roll and column-leach cyanidation testing on drill core composites from both the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area and on bulk samples from the DeLamar Area have shown that the oxide and mixed material types from both deposits can be processed by heap-leach cyanidation.  These materials generally benefit from relatively fine crushing to maximize heap-leach recoveries and a feed size of 80% -12.7mm (0.5 inches) was selected as optimum.  Expected heap-leach gold recoveries for the oxide mineralization from both deposits (DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area) are consistently high (70% - 89%).  Heap leach gold recoveries for the mixed mineralization are expected to average 72% for the Florida Mountain Area and to range from 45% to 63% for the DeLamar Area.  Heap leach silver recoveries from the Florida Mountain Area oxide and mixed materials are expected to average 49% and 47%, respectively.  Expected heap-leach silver recoveries from the DeLamar Area material are highly variable (11% to 74%), but generally low.  A significant portion of the DeLamar Area oxide and mixed mineralization will require agglomeration pretreatment using cement, because of elevated clay content.  None of the Florida Mountain Area heap-leach material is expected to require agglomeration. 

Metallurgical testing (primarily flotation and agitated cyanidation) has shown that the DeLamar Area non-oxide materials respond well to flotation at a moderate grind size (150 microns) for recovery of gold and silver to a flotation concentrate.  The resulting flotation concentrate responds well to cyanide leaching after very fine regrinding (20 microns) for recovery of contained silver.  Some gold is also recovered by cyanide leaching of the reground flotation concentrate, but those recoveries generally are low.  Mineralogical examination and metallurgical testing have shown that these materials contain significant amounts of gold that are locked in sulfide mineral particles, which require oxidative pretreatment of sulfide minerals (such as the Albion process) for liberation of gold before high cyanidation gold recoveries can be obtained.  Expected recoveries from the DeLamar Area non-oxide mineralization in the planned mill circuit, consisting of grinding, flotation concentrate regrinding and cyanide leach, range from 28% to 39% for gold and from 64% to 87% for silver.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Metallurgical testing has shown that the non-oxide mineralization from the Florida Mountain Area responds well to upgrading by flotation at a moderate grind size (150 microns) and cyanidation gold and silver recoveries from the resulting concentrates can be maximized by very fine regrinding (20 microns).  In contrast to the DeLamar Area non-oxide materials, oxidative pretreatment of contained sulfide minerals is not required to achieve high cyanidation gold recoveries from the Florida Mountain Area non-oxide feeds.  Recoveries expected from the Florida Mountain Area non-oxide mineralization in the planned mill circuit vary with feed grade, but generally are high, with maximum recoveries of 87% gold and 77% silver.

The relevant author of the DeLamar Report has reviewed the historical metallurgical studies and the metallurgical studies conducted during 2018 through 2021 and concluded that the samples used during the 2018 through 2021 metallurgical studies are reasonably representative considering both the stage of the DeLamar Project development and the magnitude of the testing completed as of the effective date of the DeLamar Report.  However, further testwork of samples collected from portions of the deposit, particularly those displaying high degrees of variability in metallurgical response, will be needed as the DeLamar Project advances.  Other than as discussed herein and in the DeLamar Report, the relevant author of the DeLamar Report is not aware of any processing factors or deleterious elements that could have a significant effect on the potential economic extraction.

Mineral Resources and Reserves

Mineral Resource Estimate

Mineral Resources have been estimated for both the Florida Mountain and DeLamar Areas of the DeLamar Project.  These gold and silver resources were modeled and estimated by:

  • Evaluating the drill data statistically and spatially to determine natural gold and silver populations;

  • Creating low-, medium-, and high-grade mineral-domain polygons for both gold and silver on sets of cross sections spaced at 30m (98.4-foot) intervals;

  • Projecting the sectional mineral-domain polygons horizontally to the drill data within each sectional window;

  • Slicing the three-dimensionally projected mineral-domain polygons along 6m-spaced horizontal planes at the DeLamar Area and 8m-spaced (26.3-foot) planes at the Florida Mountain Area and using these slices to recreate the gold and silver mineral-domain polygons on a set of level plans for each Mineral Resource area;

  • Coding a block model to the gold and silver mineral domains for each of the two deposit areas using the level-plan mineral-domain polygons;

  • Analyzing the modeled mineralization geostatistically to aid in the establishment of estimation and classification parameters; and

  • Interpolating gold and silver grades by inverse-distance to the third power into 6 x 6 x 6-meter (19.7 x 19.7 x 19.7-foot) blocks for the DeLamar Area and 6 x 8 x 8-meter (19.7 x 26.3 x 26.3-foot) blocks at the Florida Mountain Area, using the coded gold and silver mineral-domain percentages to explicitly constrain the grade estimations.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

To meet the requirement of the in-pit resources having reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction, pit optimizations for the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas were run using the parameters summarized in the below tables:

Pit Optimization Cost Parameters

Parameter

DeLamar Area

Florida Mountain Area

Unit

Mining Cost

$2.00

$2.00

$/tonne mined

Heap Leach

 

 

 

Oxide Processing

$2.75

$2.75

$/tonne processed

Mixed Processing

$3.75

$3.50

$/tonne processed

Incremental Haulage

$0.20

$0.20

$/tonne processed

G&A

$0.40

$0.40

$/tonne processed

Mill - DeLamar Area

 

 

 

Non-Oxide Processing

$15.25

$-

$/tonne processed

Incremental Haulage

$0.20

$-

$/tonne processed

G&A Cost

$0.25

$-

$/tonne processed

Mill - Florida Mountain Area

 

 

 

Non-Oxide Processing

$-

$9.00

$/tonne processed

Incremental Haulage

-

$0.20

$/tonne processed

G&A Cost

$-

$0.25

$/tonne processed

Au Price

$1,800

$1,800

$/oz produced

Ag Price

$21

$21

$/oz produced

Au Refining Cost

$5.00

$5.00

$/oz produced

Ag Refining Cost

$0.50

$0.50

$/oz produced

Royalty

see above "Project Description, Location and Access"

see above "Project Description, Location and Access"

NSR

Pit-Optimization Metal Recoveries by Deposit and Oxidation State

 

DeLamar Area

Florida Mountain Area

Process Type

Oxide

Mixed

Non-Oxide

Oxide

Mixed

Non-Oxide

Heap Leach - Au

85%

80%

-

90%

85%

-

Heap Leach - Ag

45%

40%

-

65%

55%

-

Mill - Albion - Glen Silver - Au

-

-

78%

-

-

-

Mill - Albion - Glen Silver - Ag

-

-

78%

-

-

-

Mill - Albion - Non-Glen Silver - Au

-

-

87%

-

-

-

Mill - Albion - Non-Glen Silver - Ag

-

-

87%

-

-

-

Mill - Agitated Leach - Au

-

-

-

-

-

95%

Mill - Agitated Leach - Ag

-

-

-

-

-

92%



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The DeLamar Project Mineral Resources were estimated to reflect potential open-pit extraction and processing by: crushing and heap leaching of oxide and mixed materials at both the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas; grinding, flotation, ultra-fine regrind of concentrates, and Albion cyanide-leach processing of the reground concentrates for the non-oxide materials at the DeLamar Area; and grinding, flotation, ultra-fine regrind of concentrates, and agitated cyanide-leaching of non-oxide materials at the Florida Mountain Area.  To meet the requirement of having reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction by open-pit methods, pit optimizations for the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas were run using the parameters summarized in the tables above, and the resulting pits were used to constrain the DeLamar Project Mineral Resources.

The pit shells created using these optimization parameters were applied to constrain the DeLamar Project Mineral Resources.  The in-pit Mineral Resources were further constrained by the application of a gold-equivalent cutoff of 0.17 g/t to all model blocks lying within the optimized pits that are coded as oxide or mixed, a 0.3 g/t gold-equivalent cutoff for blocks coded as non-oxide at the DeLamar Area, and a 0.2 g/t cutoff for blocks coded as non-oxide at the Florida Mountain Area.  Gold-equivalent grades, which were used solely for the purpose of applying the Mineral Resource cutoffs, are a function of metal prices and metal recoveries, with the recoveries varying by deposit and oxidation state (see above tables).

The total DeLamar Project Mineral Resources, including both the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas, are summarized in the below table.  The DeLamar Project Mineral Resources are inclusive of the Mineral Reserves discussed herein.  Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.

Total DeLamar Project Gold and Silver Resources

Classification Tonnes g Au/t oz Au g Ag/t oz Ag
Measured 29,043,000 0.47 438,000 28.0 26,128,000
Indicated 171,205,000 0.39 2,159,000 18.3 100,840,000
Measured + Indicated 200,248,000 0.40 2,597,000 19.7 126,968,000
Inferred 40,615,000 0.35 452,000 12.5 16,358,000

(1) The effective date of the Mineral Resources is March 1, 2021.

(2) Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Mineral Reserves.

(3) Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.

(4) Rounding may result in slight discrepancies between tonnes, grade, and contained metal content.

(5) The estimate of Mineral Resources may be materially affected by geology, environment, permitting, legal, title, taxation, sociopolitical, marketing, or other relevant issues.

The gold and silver resources for the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas are reported separately in the table below.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Gold and Silver Resources of the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas

 

Oxide

Mixed

Non-Oxide

Florida Mountain

Measured

Indicated

Meas+ Ind

Inferred

Measured

Indicated

Meas+ Ind

Inferred

Measured

Indicated

Meas+ Ind

Inferred

K Tonnes

1,361

14,302

15,663

4,516

5,498

34,098

39,596

5,292

2,119

16,009

18,128

4,663

g Au/t

0.39

0.36

0.36

0.25

0.47

0.39

0.40

0.28

0.40

0.44

0.43

0.32

K Ozs Au

17

164

181

37

82

425

507

48

27

225

252

48

g Ag/t

13.7

9.7

10.1

6.6

14.6

10.1

10.7

6.6

10.9

10.5

10.5

9.0

K Ozs Ag

599

4,467

5,066

958

2,584

11,064

13,648

1,126

741

5,399

6,140

1,343

DeLamar Deposit

K Tonnes

2,846

25,939

28,785

5,163

3,490

27,556

31,046

2,631

13,729

53,301

67,030

18,350

g Au/t

0.34

0.31

0.32

0.26

0.42

0.33

0.34

0.29

0.53

0.46

0.48

0.42

K Ozs Au

31

262

293

44

47

290

337

25

234

793

1,027

250

g Ag/t

17.7

17.0

17.1

11.1

37.3

23.0

24.6

11.4

37.2

26.5

28.7

17.2

K Ozs Ag

1,616

14,170

15,786

1,838

4,181

20,337

24,518

967

16,407

45,403

61,810

10,126

Total DeLamar Project

K Tonnes

4,207

40,241

44,448

9,679

8,988

61,654

70,642

7,923

15,848

69,310

85,158

23,013

g Au/t

0.36

0.33

0.33

0.26

0.45

0.36

0.37

0.28

0.51

0.46

0.47

0.40

K Ozs Au

48

426

474

81

129

715

844

73

261

1,018

1,279

298

g Ag/t

16.4

14.4

14.6

9.0

23.4

15.8

16.8

8.2

33.7

22.8

24.8

15.5

K Ozs Ag

2,215

18,637

20,852

2,796

6,765

31,401

38,166

2,093

17,148

50,802

67,950

11,469

(1) The effective date of the Mineral Resources is March 1, 2021.

(2) Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Mineral Reserves.

(3) Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.

(4) Rounding may result in slight discrepancies between tonnes, grade, and contained metal content.

(5) The estimate of Mineral Resources may be materially affected by geology, environment, permitting, legal, title, taxation, sociopolitical, marketing, or other relevant issues.

Mineral Reserve Estimate

Mineral Resources have been estimated for both the Florida Mountain and DeLamar Areas of the DeLamar Project.  The relevant author of the DeLamar Report has used Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources as the basis to define Mineral Reserves for both the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas.  Mineral Reserve definition was done by first identifying ultimate pit limits using economic parameters and pit optimization techniques.  The resulting optimized pit shells were then used for guidance in pit design to allow access for equipment and personnel.  The relevant author of the DeLamar Report then considered mining, processing, metallurgical, infrastructure, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social, and governmental factors for defining the estimated Mineral Reserves. 

The economic parameters and cutoff grades used in the estimation of the Mineral Reserves are shown in the table below. The overall leaching process rate is planned to be 35,000 tpd (38,581 tons) or 12,600,000 tonnes (13,889,123 tons) per year for both Florida Mountain and DeLamar Area oxide and mixed material.  DeLamar Area leach processing will also include agglomeration.  Initially only the oxide and mixed material will be processed, then starting in year 3, non-oxide will be processed through a plant constructed to operate at a rate of 6,000 tpd (6,614 tons) or 2,160,000 tonnes (2,380,992 tons) per year. 

The cutoff grades applied reflect the cost to process material along with G&A and incremental haulage costs.  Note that royalties are built into the block values and are considered in determining whether to process the material.  While the DeLamar Area non-oxide breakeven cutoff grade would be $11.44/t according to the applicable costs, a cutoff of $15.00 was assigned to enhance the project's economic performance.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area Economic Parameters

  DeLamar   Florida Mnt        
  Oxide     Mixed   Non-Oxide   Oxide   Mixed   Non-Oxide     Units  
Mining Cost $ 2.00   $ 2.00   $ 2.00   $ 2.00   $ 2.00   $ 2.00     $/t Mined  
Incremental Ore Haulage $ 0.20   $ 0.20   $ 0.20   $ 0.20   $ 0.20   $ 0.20     $/t Processed  
Process Cost $ 3.00   $ 4.00   $ 11.02   $ 2.75   $ 3.50   $ 9.00     $/t Processed  
G&A $ 0.44   $ 0.44   $ 0.22   $ 0.45   $ 0.45   $ 0.25     $/t Processed  
                                           
GMV Breakeven COG $ 3.64   $ 4.64   $ 11.44   $ 3.40   $ 4.15   $ 9.45     $/t Processed  
GMV COG Used $ 3.65   $ 4.65   $ 15.00   $ 3.55   $ 4.20   $ 10.35     $/t Processed  
                                           
Final Process Costs $ 4.27   $ 4.29   $ 11.91   $ 2.98   $ 3.67   $ 10.60     $/t Processed  

GMV = gross metal value; COG = cutoff grade.

Total Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves for the DeLamar Project from all pit phases are 123,483,000 tonnes at an average grade of 0.45 g Au/t and 23.27 g Ag/t, for 1,787,000 ounces of gold and 92,403,000 ounces of silver.  The Mineral Reserves point of reference is the point where material is fed into the crusher.

Total Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves, DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area

    Classification     K Tonnes     g Au/t     K Ozs Au     g Ag/t     K Ozs Ag   Block Value  
Oxide   Proven     3,295     0.39     41     17.39     1,842     19.34  
    Probable     31,486     0.37     375     15.24     15,426     17.93  
    P&P     34,782     0.37     416     15.44     17,268   $ 18.06  
Mixed   Proven     7,741     0.49     122     25.75     6,409     23.72  
    Probable     49,718     0.40     637     17.29     27,632     18.29  
    P&P     57,459     0.41     759     18.43     34,042   $ 19.02  
Non-oxide   Proven     7,321     0.65     153     53.15     12,511     39.33  
    Probable     23,921     0.60     459     37.16     28,582     33.81  
    P&P     31,243     0.61     612     40.91     41,093   $ 35.11  
Total   Proven     18,358     0.54     316     35.18     20,763   $ 29.16  
    Probable     105,126     0.44     1,471     21.20     71,640   $ 21.71  
    P&P     123,483     0.45     1,787     23.27     92,403   $ 22.82  

(1) All estimates of Mineral Reserves have been prepared in accordance with NI 43-101 and are included within the current Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources.

(2) Mineral Reserves are based on prices of $1,650 per ounce Au and $21.00 per ounce Ag. The Mineral Reserves were defined based on pit designs that were created to follow optimized pit shells created in Whittle.

(3) Mineral Reserves are reported using block value cutoff grades representing the cost of processing:

Florida Mountain Area oxide leach cutoff grade value of $3.55/t.

Florida Mountain Area mixed leach cutoff grade value of $4.20/t.

Florida Mountain Area non-oxide mill cutoff grade value of $10.35/t.

DeLamar Area oxide leach cutoff grade value of $3.65/t

DeLamar Area mixed leach cutoff grade value of $4.65/t.

DeLamar Area non-oxide mill cutoff grade value of $15.00/t.

(4) The Mineral Reserves point of reference is the point where is material is fed into the crusher.

(5) The effective date of the Mineral Reserves estimate is January 24, 2022.

(6) All ounces reported herein represent troy ounces, "g Au/t" represents grams per gold tonne and "g Ag/t" represents grams per silver tonne.

(7) Columns may not sum due to rounding.

(8) The estimate of Mineral Reserves may be materially affected by geology, environment, permitting, legal, title, taxation, sociopolitical, marketing or other relevant issues.

(9) Energy prices of US$2.50 per gallon of diesel and $0.065 per kWh were used.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Mining Operations

The PFS presented in the DeLamar Report considers open-pit mining of the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas.  Mining will utilize 23-cubic meter (30-cubic yard) hydraulic shovels along with 13-cubic meter (16.7-cubic yard) loaders to load 136-tonne capacity haul trucks.  The haul trucks will haul waste and ore out of the pit and to dumping locations.  Due to the length of ore hauls, the ore will be stockpiled near the pits followed by loading into a Railveyor system which will convey the ore into a crusher.  The Railveyor system will be supplemented with haul trucks on an as needed basis.

Waste material will be stored in waste-rock storage facilities ("WRSFs") located near each of the Florida Mountain and DeLamar Areas, as well as backfilled into pits where available.  The exception is the Milestone pit, from which waste material will be fully utilized for construction material for the tailing storage facility ("TSF").

Production scheduling was completed using Geovia's MineSched™ (version 2021) software.  Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves along with waste material inside pit designs were used to schedule mine production.  The production schedule considers the processing of DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area oxide and mixed material by crushing and heap leaching, with some of the DeLamar Area material requiring agglomeration prior to leaching.  DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area non-oxide material would be processed using flotation followed by cyanide leaching of the flotation concentrate.

An autonomous Railveyor light-rail haulage system will be used to transport ore from the open pits to the crusher facility.  Utilizing the Railveyor system allows the opportunity to realize cost savings compared to typical truck haulage.  This system, in conjunction with the planned solar and liquid natural gas electrical microgrid will reduce the overall fuel consumption and carbon footprint of the DeLamar Project.

The PFS has assumed owner mining instead of the more expensive contract mining.  The production schedule was used along with additional efficiency factors, performance curves, and productivity rates to develop the first-principal hours required for primary mining equipment to achieve the production schedule.  Primary mining equipment includes drills, loaders, hydraulic shovels, and haul trucks.  Support, blasting, and mine maintenance equipment will be required in addition to the primary mining equipment.

Processing and Recovery Operations

Processing

The PFS envisions the use of two process methods for the recovery of gold and silver:

1. Lower-grade oxide and mixed materials will be processed by crushed-ore cyanide heap leaching; and

2. Non-oxide material will be processed using grinding followed by flotation, and very fine grinding of flotation concentrate for agitated cyanide leaching.

Heap-leach and milling ores will be coming from both the Florida Mountain and DeLamar Areas.  Pregnant solutions from the heap-leach operation and from the milling operation will be processed by the same Merrill-Crowe zinc cementation plant.  Processing will start with heap leaching in the first two years of operation.  Milling of higher-grade non-oxide ore will start in the third year of operation. 

Both Florida Mountain and DeLamar Area oxide and mixed ore types have been shown to be amenable to heap-leach processing following crushing.  Material will be crushed in three stages to a nominal size of 80% finer than (P80) 12.7-millimeter (0.5 inches), at a rate of 35,000 tpd.  About 45% of DeLamar Area ore is expected to require agglomeration.

Crushed and prepared ore will be transferred to the heap-leach pad using overland conveyors and stacked on the heap using portable or grasshopper conveyors and a radial stacking system.  Pregnant leach solution will be collected at the base on the heap leach and transferred to the Merrill-Crowe processing plant for recovery of precious metals by zinc precipitation.  The precipitate will be filtered, dried, and smelted to produce gold and silver doré bullion for shipment off site.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The milling process will start with primary crushing of the ore to a nominal P80 of 120 millimeter (4.72 inches), followed by grinding in a SAG mill-ball mill circuit to a P80 of 150 microns.  The ball mill discharge will be pumped to hydrocyclones, with the hydrocyclone overflow advancing to flotation and the underflow returning to the ball mill. The mill will have a nominal capacity of 6,000 tpd.

The flotation circuit will produce a sulfide concentrate that will recover gold and silver from the ore.  This flotation concentrate will be reground to a nominal P80 of 20 microns before being leached in agitated leach tanks.  Pregnant solution will be separated using a CCD circuit that employs dewatering cyclones and thickeners.  The pregnant solution is then sent to the Merrill-Crowe plant and gold smelting facility to produce gold and silver doré bullion.

The flotation tailing stream will be thickened and pumped to the tailing storage facility.  The concentrate leach residue will be sent to cyanide destruction, then stored in a separate concentrate leach tailing storage facility.

Recovery

Recoveries were applied based on recommendations of the relevant author of the DeLamar Report.  Recoveries are shown in the table below.  The oxide and mixed recoveries assume crushed heap leaching for oxide and mixed material, and flotation milling for non-oxide material.  Florida Mountain Area non-oxide material uses recovery Equation  and Equation  to estimate the recoveries based on gold and silver grades respectively.

DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area Recoveries

    Oxide     Mixed     Non-Oxide  
Recoveries by Area   Au           Au     Ag     Au     Ag  
Florida Mountain   89%     49%     72%     47%     Eq. 1     Eq. 2  
Sullivan Gulch   86%     20%     61%     39%     38%     73%  
DeLamar   78%     11%     61%     42%     39%     87%  
Sommercamp   87%     15%     58%     44%     39%     87%  
Glen Silver   70%     18%     63%     30%     28%     64%  
South Wahl   77%     37%     50%     74%     39%     87%  
Milestone   75%     18%     45%     18%     39%     87%  

Equation 1 Florida Mountain Area Gold Recovery

Where: Maximum recovery = 87%

Equation 2 Florida Mountain Area Silver Recovery

Where: Maximum recovery = 77%


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

See "Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing" above.

Infrastructure, Permitting and Compliance Activities

Project Infrastructure

The infrastructure for the DeLamar Project has been developed to support mining and processing operations.  This includes the access road to the facilities, power supply, Railveyor, communication, heap-leach pads, process plant, and ancillary buildings.  This also includes haul roads within the mining area as well as the mine waste storage facilities.

The main access to the DeLamar Project is via gravel roads from Jordan Valley, Oregon, as used for previous mining at DeLamar.  The existing DeLamar Project site access road is located on the east side of Henrietta Ridge extending from the DeLamar Road across Jordan Creek to the western side of the existing reclaimed Kinross tailing impoundment.  This existing site access road is expected to become unusable due to its proximity to the proposed Milestone pit haul road and DeLamar West WRSF.  Therefore, this PFS proposes relocating the site access road to the west side of Henrietta Ridge.

Haul road access between the DeLamar Area mine and Florida Mountain Area will need to be improved for use with the proposed mining equipment.  This access will be utilized for delivery of all consumables, as well as any required construction materials and equipment.  This will also be the primary access for all personnel working at the Florida Mountain Area.

The electrical power demand at the DeLamar Project facilities is currently estimated at 13.5 MW for initial heap-leach process operations, with an additional load of 9.8 MW for the mill circuit.  The demand will vary according to the quantity of each ore type to be processed.  The average load for the mine is forecast to be 11.6 MW (Table 18.1) with a peak demand of 23.4 MW.  Lifetime electricity consumption is estimated to be 1.8 million MWh.

Existing electrical infrastructure on the DeLamar Project site consists of a 69 kV transmission line operated by Idaho Power Company. Significant upgrades to existing electrical infrastructure would be required to meet the anticipated load increase associated with the DeLamar Project, including construction of new 138 kV transmission lines, substations and tap station upgrades. To reduce capital expenditures of energy infrastructure, ensure power supply resilience and reduce emissions, Integra plans to power the project through an on-site microgrid with a solar electrical generation system and an LNG plant.

The DeLamar Project will utilize a Railveyor light rail haulage system to transport ore from the open pits to the crusher facility. The Railveyor system is an autonomous materials haulage system consisting of transport trains, light-rails, electrical drive stations, and materials loading and discharge stations.  The system functions similar to a conveyor, but is designed to be modular and relocatable, allowing improved operational flexibility and lower cost.  By leveraging the Railveyor system, the DeLamar Project has a unique opportunity to realize cost savings compared to typical truck haulage, while reducing its overall fuel consumption and carbon footprint and automating many essential functions that typically would require on-site personnel.

The heap-leach pads ("HLP" or "HLPs") will be located immediately north of the crushing facility in portions of Sections 3, 4, 9 and 10, Township 5 South, Range 4 West.  The site slopes northerly toward Jordan Creek at an average gradient of 12.5 percent.  The HLPs will be constructed in two phases. The phase 1 portion will be constructed on a feature locally identified as Jacobs Ridge and into an adjacent valley to the west (herein referred to as the "unnamed gulch" or the "valley").  The site is generally underlain with a basalt which is overlain with a thin veneer of colluvium derived from weathering of the basalt and interbeds of tuff.  Upper portions of the HLPs are underlain with porphyritic latite lava flows.  The northern extent of the Jacobs Ridge pad area is underlain by a Miocene age rhyolite dike or plug.  Geotechnical drilling in the Jacobs Ridge portion of the site in 1988 identified discontinuous layers of weathered tuff that had low shear strength.  An initial auger drilling program on the western side of the site did not encounter the tuffaceous material encountered on Jacobs Ridge.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Phase 2 portion of the HLP will consist of a westerly extension of the pad and tying in the area between the west side of the Jacobs Ridge pad and the east side of the phase 1 valley pad. Construction of phase 2 will begin two years ahead of when the extended pad is needed, assumed in year 3 of operation.  Phase 2 construction will be performed in the same sequence of activities and will add approximately 30% to the pad footprint.  The total volume of ore to be placed on the HLP is between 95 million tonnes and 100 million tonnes which may include up to 2 million tonnes placed at the southern end of the Jacobs Ridge portion of the phase 1 pad to minimize recovery time from the final ore placed on the pad.

The primary flotation TSF for the DeLamar Project will be located in Sections 30 and 31, Township 4 South, Range 4 West, and Sections 25 and 36, Township 4 South, Range 5 West, in Slaughterhouse Gulch, approximately 6.0 kilometers (3.7 miles) west of the new mill site.  Slaughterhouse Gulch is a natural drainage that descends to the south primarily on State and BLM lands.  The TSF will be a zoned earth and rockfill embankment that will be located where the valley narrows approximately 1km (0.6 miles) north of its confluence with Jordan Creek.  The Slaughterhouse Gulch TSF will impound flotation tailing that have not been processed by cyanidation and therefore will not be lined in accordance with IDEQ Rules 58.01.013.  The earth dam will be designed in accordance with Idaho dam safety regulation IDAPA 37 - DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES Water Allocations Bureau 37.03.05 - Mine Tailings Impoundment Structures.

The concentrate leach tailing storage facility ("CLTSF") will be a smaller, 26 hectare (64.2 acre) impoundment for containment of flotation concentrates from the milling process after they have been leached with cyanide to remove precious metals.  To aid in settling, this fine material (P80 of 20 microns) will be blended with a small stream of coarser flotation tailing in roughly a 1:1 blend.  The location of this CLTSF is immediately south of the HLP at the head of the unnamed drainage.  The construction of the CLTSF in this location will involve placing fill from the Jacobs Ridge pad area to provide initial stormwater storage and then installing a liner system in year 2 that will meet the lining requirements of the IDEQ Rules 58.01.13 - Rules for Ore Processing by Cyanidation.  In accordance with the regulation, the lining system will consist of 61 centimeters (24 inches) of compacted clay overlain with an 80-mil thick HDPE liner - or approved equivalent.  The downstream side of the TSF will be constrained by crushed ore placed in the south end of the HLPs.  A geotextile will be placed on the ore to allow drainage from the CLTSF into the ore to enhance consolidation of the tailing during operation and following closure.  Excess fluids will be decanted from the surface of the impoundment and pumped back to a tank for re-introduction into the process water stream.  Since this impoundment will be constructed in accordance with the IDEQ Cyanide Rules, in may also be used for temporary storage of excess fluids containing cyanide due to precipitation events on the HLP.

The proposed heap-leach facility will be located between the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Area pits.  The primary crusher and process facilities will be located just south of the HLPs.  Ore will be conveyed from the primary crusher to oxide or non-oxide coarse ore stockpiles accordingly.

WRSFs, along with backfill areas, have been designed for the PFS to contain the waste material mined from the different pit phases.  A single WRSF design is planned for the Florida Mountain Area along with a two backfill dumps into the Florida Mountain Area phase 1 and 2 pits.  Material from Florida Mountain Area phase 1 will be placed into the primary WRSF.  Phase 2 waste material will also be placed into the primary WRSF except for some upper areas of the pit where some waste will be backfilled.  Phase 3 waste material is planned to be placed into the backfill dump as available while the remaining waste material will be placed into the Florida Mountain Area WRSF.  The total capacity of the WRSF is 32.2 million cubic meters (42.1 million cubic yards).  The remaining 23.4 million cubic meters (30.6 million cubic yards) of waste material will be placed into backfill.

Three WRSF designs were created for the DeLamar Area which includes a West WRSF, East WRSF, and a North WRSF.  The West and East WRSFs are intended for storage of material from the DeLamar Main phase 1 pit.  Both dump designs include a roadway that will be built into the WRSFs to allow haulage through the main pit exits for both DeLamar Main and Sullivan Gulch pits.  The East WRSF creates its haulage road through a valley to the south of the deeper Sullivan Gulch phase 2 pit.  This road is anticipated to be in place well before the mining of Sullivan Gulch phase 2.  The total West DeLamar WRSF total capacity is 5.9 million cubic meters (7.7 million cubic yards).  After the roadway is completed, the East WRSF is to be expanded to the south.  The total East DeLamar WRSF total capacity will be 50.0 million cubic meters (65.4 million cubic yards).


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The North WRSF will be located in a valley to the north of the Main and Sullivan Gulch pits.  This will be used for the Main pit phase 2 waste along with Sullivan Gulch pit waste.  The designed capacity of the North WRSF is 26.4 million cubic meters (34.5 million cubic yards).  As available, additional waste will be placed into the Main phase 1 pit and from the Main phase 2 pit as backfill. Additional backfill material will be placed into the Main phase 2 pit from Sullivan Gulch phase 1 mining.

Other buildings located on or near the process facilities pad include the administration/change building, a substation, assay lab, Merrill-Crowe plant, and water treatment plant.

It is anticipated that there will be several freshwater wells on-site that will provide the requirements of the DeLamar Project.  Fresh water will be stored in a fresh/fire water tank that will have reserve storage dedicated for fire protection.  The balance of the fresh/fire water volume will be utilized to supply the demands of the process as well as mine dust suppression.

Stormwater from the site will be managed as contact and non-contact stormwater.  Non-contact stormwaters are the flows that do not come in contact with ore or mine processing facilities.  Non-contact flows will be diverted and conveyed around the sites and directly discharged to existing stream channels.  Contact stormwater will be utilized within the process to the greatest extent that allows the process to maintain a neutral balance.  If there is excess contact water within the process, the excess will be routed to a water treatment plant.  There is an existing water treatment plant at the project site.  An allowance has been included for additional water treatment capacity consisting of a plant with solids separation and treatment, as required, to allow for discharge to existing stream channels or re-use in the process system.

Mine site personnel requirements are shown in the table below.  This includes administrative, mining, and processing.  In addition, there would be approximately 80 additional personnel working on-site during construction. 

Mine, Process and Administrative Personnel

  Units Pre-Prod Yr_1 Yr_2 Yr_3 Yr_4 Yr_5 Yr_6 Yr_7 Yr_8 Yr_9 Yr_10 Yr_11 Yr_12 Yr_13 Yr_14 Yr_15 Yr_16 Yr_17 Yr_18 Max
Administration # 24 27 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 17 14 14 14 14 14 - 27
Mining Personnel                                          
Mine General Personnel # 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 15 15 15 15 15 11 - 22
Operators # 60 97 113 117 117 117 117 97 91 91 91 91 60 44 36 32 32 28 - 117
Mechanics # 30 49 59 59 59 59 59 51 47 47 47 47 31 23 19 15 15 13 - 59
Maintenance # 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 15 15 15 15 15 14 - 25
Total Mine Personnel # 137 193 219 223 223 223 223 195 185 185 185 185 121 97 85 77 77 66 - 223
Process Personnel                                          
Process General Personnel # 7 7 7 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 - 14
Operators # 10 21 21 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 - 46
Assay Lab # 6 6 6 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 - 12
Maintenance # 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 - 7
Total Process Personnel # 30 41 41 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 - 79






















Total Project Personnel # 191 261 284 326 326 326 326 298 288 288 288 288 217 190 178 170 170 159 - 326

Environmental Studies

The review and approval process for the PoO by the BLM constitutes a federal action under the National Environmental Policy Act ("NEPA") and BLM regulations.  Thus, for the BLM to process the PoO, the BLM is required to comply with the NEPA and prepare either an Environmental Assessment, or an Environmental Impact Statement ("EIS").  Based on discussions with the BLM, Integra anticipates an EIS will be required to comply with NEPA.

Integra has contracted qualified third parties to perform environmental adequacy reviews of all available existing environmental baseline reports and data compiled from 1979 through present.  Additionally, an EA was approved in 1987 for the DeLamar Silver Mine and an EIS was approved in 1995 for the Stone Cabin Mine by previous operators for the site.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The entire DeLamar mining district has been studied extensively, both historically and currently; therefore, ensuring scientific integrity of the methodologies and analysis used to collect the data and ultimately a meaningful analysis would be conducted allowing for a reasonable comparative assessment of the alternatives.

Permitting

The Mine Plan of Operations ("MPO") is submitted to the BLM for any surface disturbance in excess of five acres (2.02 hectares).  The MPO describes the operational procedures for the construction, operation, and closure of the project.  As required by the BLM, the MPO includes a waste-rock management plan, quality assurance plan, a storm water plan, a spill prevention plan, reclamation plan, a monitoring plan and an interim management plan.  In addition, a reclamation report with a Reclamation Cost Estimate ("RCE") for the closure of the project is required.  The content of the MPO is based on the mine plan design and the data gathered as part of the environmental baseline studies.  The MPO includes all mine and processing design information and mining methods.  The BLM determines the completeness of the MPO and, when the completeness letter is submitted to the proponent, the NEPA process begins.  The RCE is reviewed by BLM and the bond is determined prior to the BLM issuing a decision on the MPO.

The MPO will be submitted for the DeLamar Project when operational and baseline surveys are complete and operations and design for the DeLamar Project are at a level where a MPO can be developed to the necessary level of detail.  Submittal of the MPO is likely to occur in late 2023.

Approval of any MPO and reclamation plan by the federal agencies for the DeLamar Project as well as accordance with Section 404 requires an environmental analysis under the NEPA.  NEPA requires federal agencies study and consider the likely environmental impacts of the proposed action before taking whatever federal action is necessary for the project to proceed.

The purpose and need for the DeLamar Project would be to conduct open pit mining and ore processing, which would disturb over 809 hectares (2,000 acres) of unpatented and patented mining claims and state lands within the project area and complete reclamation and closure activities, as well as long-term water treatment, to produce silver and gold from mineralized material of the estimated mineral resources.  As a result, Integra anticipates that an EIS will be required to meet agency NEPA requirements. 

The BLM will be the lead federal agency for the preparation of the EIS, and other agencies will be cooperating agencies. The EIS and associated Record of Decision ("ROD") effectively drives the entire permitting process timeline.

Several other federal, state and local county authorizations and/or permits will be required.

Social and Community

The DeLamar Project is located in rural Owyhee County, close to the Oregon border. The closest substantial community is Jordan Valley, in Malheur County Oregon. This community is primarily an agricultural based economy. However, when the mine previously operated in the 1980s and 1990s many of the employees lived in Jordan Valley.

Capital and Operating Costs

Capital Costs

The table below summarizes the estimated capital costs for the DeLamar Project.  The LOM total capital costs are estimated as $589.5 million, including $307.6 million in preproduction capital (including working capital and reclamation bond) and $281.8 million for expansion and sustaining capital.  Sustaining capital includes $30.8 million in reclamation costs.  The estimated capital costs are inclusive of sales tax, engineering, procurement and construction management ("EPCM") and contingency. 


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Capital Cost Summary

Mine   Pre-Production     Sustaining
Yr 1 to Yr 17
    Total LOM  
Mining Equipment $ 28,859   $ 88,544   $ 117,403  
Pre-Stripping $ 12,712   $ -   $ 12,712  
Other Mine Capital $ 1,919   $ 225   $ 2,144  
Sub-Total Mine $ 43,490   $ 88,769   $ 132,260  
Processing                  
Leach Pad Construction Cost $ 42,296   $ 11,035   $ 53,331  
Oxide Plant Construction $ 165,198   $ 8,842   $ 174,040  
Non Oxide Mill Construction $ -   $ 132,005   $ 132,005  
Tailings Storage Facility Construction $ 3,836   $ 58,793   $ 62,629  
Sub-Total Processing $ 211,330   $ 210,675   $ 422,005  
Infrastructure                  
Power $ 3,500   $ -   $ 3,500  
Access Road $ 8,957   $ -   $ 8,957  
Other $ 7,652   $ 974   $ 8,626  
Sub-Total Infrastructure $ 20,109   $ 974   $ 21,083  
                   
Owner's Costs $ 7,001   $ -   $ 7,001  
                   
SUB-TOTAL $ 281,930   $ 300,418   $ 582,349  
Other                  
Working Capital $ 19,518   $ (19,518 ) $ -  
Cash Deposit for Reclamation Bonding $ 6,167   $ (6,167 ) $ -  
Salvage Value $ -   $ (23,729 ) $ (23,729 )
TOTAL $ 307,615   $ 251,004   $ 558,620  
Reclamation $ -   $ 30,835   $ 30,835  
Total Including Reclamation Costs $ 307,615   $ 281,839   $ 589,454  

(1) Capital costs include contingency and EPCM costs.

(2) Mining equipment includes cost of Railveyor.

(3) Major mining equipment assumes financing by equipment vendor with 10% down; principal payments included under sustaining capital column and interest payments included in operating costs.

(4) Sustaining capital showed in this table includes expansion capital (non-oxide plant) and principal payment of mining equipment leases (see note 3 above).

(5) Working capital is returned in year 17.

(6) Cash deposit = 20% of bonding requirement.  Released once reclamation is completed.

(7) Salvage value for mining equipment and plant.

The table below shows the estimated LOM operating costs for the DeLamar Project.  Operating costs are estimated to be $12.93 per tonne processed for the LOM.  This includes mining costs, which are estimated to be $1.90 per tonne mined.  The total cash cost is estimated to be $923 per ounce of AuEq1  and site level AISC are estimated to be $955 per ounce of AuEq.

____________________________________

1 Gold equivalent = oz Au + (oz Ag ÷ 79.07)


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Operating and Total Cost Summary

(1) By-Product costs are shown as US dollars per gold ounces sold with silver as a credit.

(2) Co-Product costs are shown as US dollars per gold equivalent ounce.

Economic Analysis

Economic highlights of the PFS for the DeLamar Project include:

  • Initial construction period is anticipated to be 18 months;

  • After-tax NPV (5%) of $407.8 million with a 27% after-tax IRR using $1,700 and $21.50 per ounce gold and silver prices, respectively;

  • After-tax payback period of 3.34 years;

  • Year 1 to 8 AuEq2  average production of 163,000 ounces (average 121,000 oz Au/year and 3,312,000 oz Ag/year);

  • Year 1 to 16 AuEq average production of 110,000 ounces (average 71,000 oz Au/year and 3,085,000 oz Ag/year);

  • After-tax LOM cumulative cash flow of $689.3 million; and

  • Average annual after-tax free cash flow of $59.8 million during production.

The below figures show (i) annual operating after-tax cash flow; (ii) AuEq production profile by process method; and (iii) AuEq profile by process metals.

____________________________________
2 Gold equivalent = oz Au + (oz Ag ÷ 79.07)


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Annual Operating After-Tax Cash Flow

Gold Equivalent Production Profile by Process Method

Gold Equivalent Profile by Process Metals


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Economic sensitivities of the DeLamar Project to changes in metal prices were evaluated based on constant gold to silver ratios as shown in the below table.

Project Sensitivity to Metal Prices

  $/oz Au $/oz Ag   NPV (5%)   NPV (8%)   NPV (10%) IRR Payback
$ 1,500 $ 18.97 $ 198,811 $ 123,406 $ 84,281 16% 4.30
$ 1,550 $ 19.60 $ 251,296 $ 167,213 $ 123,450 19% 3.94
$ 1,600 $ 20.24 $ 304,035 $ 211,159 $ 162,701 22% 3.72
$ 1,650 $ 20.87 $ 355,830 $ 254,247 $ 201,148 24% 3.52
$ 1,700 $ 21.50 $ 407,817 $ 297,519 $ 239,771 27% 3.34
$ 1,750 $ 22.13 $ 459,528 $ 340,561 $ 278,192 29% 3.19
$ 1,800 $ 22.76 $ 510,589 $ 383,015 $ 316,060 32% 3.05
$ 1,850 $ 23.40 $ 561,343 $ 425,183 $ 353,653 34% 2.93
$ 1,900 $ 24.03 $ 611,998 $ 467,275 $ 391,183 36% 2.83
$ 1,950 $ 24.66 $ 662,697 $ 509,428 $ 428,785 39% 2.73
$ 2,000 $ 25.29 $ 713,650 $ 551,851 $ 466,659 41% 2.64

The after-tax sensitivity to revenues, capital, and operating costs is shown in the below figure. 

After-Tax Sensitivity


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Exploration and Development

Please see "2023 Outlook" section above for further details on the Company's current and contemplated exploration and development activities.

Opportunities

There is the potential to lower project capital costs by foregoing mill processing and instead operate a heap-leach only project.  In this scenario, a high percentage of the current heap-leach reserves would be processed at the 35,000 tpd rate envisioned in the PFS.  LOM capital expenditures would decrease significantly as expansion capital, such as non-oxide plant and tailing facilities, would not be required.  A decision to construct and initiate mill processing (stage 2) could be exercised at any time, providing the flexibility to respond to changing market conditions and thereby reduce project risk.

A heap-leach only approach could reduce risk and provide greater flexibility to respond to the prevailing economic environment in connection with a decision to pursue a milling scenario later.

Please see the DeLamar Report on the Company's website at www.integraresources.com for additional details on potential opportunities.

(2) BlackSheep District, Idaho

On February 14, 2019, Integra announced the acquisition of a highly prospective trend of multiple epithermal centers 6 km to the northwest of the DeLamar Project, a trend now referred to as the BlackSheep District ("BlackSheep" or the "District"). The District was identified in part during site visits and research by renowned epithermal geologists Dr. Jeff Hedenquist and Dr. Richard Sillitoe. Dr. Sillitoe and Dr. Hedenquist, along with Integra's exploration team led by Dr. Max Baker, mapped the area and interpreted the District to have undergone very limited erosion since the mid-Miocene mineralization event, suggesting the productive zone of mineralization is potentially located approximately 200 m beneath the surface. Minimal historical exploration did encounter gold-silver in BlackSheep; however, historic drilling was shallow, less than 100 m vertical on average, and did not enter the theorized productive zone.

The BlackSheep District to the northwest of DeLamar is comparable in geographical size to both the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Deposits combined. The nature of the mineralization and alteration in BlackSheep includes extensive sinter deposits surrounding centers of hydrothermal eruption breccia vents associated with high-level coliform banded amorphous to chalcedonic silica with highly anomalous gold, silver arsenic, mercury, antimony and selenium values. In addition to some preliminary rock chip sampling, Integra completed an extensive soil geochemistry grid over the BlackSheep District showing highly anomalous gold and silver trends over significant lengths.

The Company commenced an extensive regional exploration program at BlackSheep in 2019. This regional exploration program included:

1. Additional rock-chip sampling and prospect scale mapping

2. A regional airborne magnetic and radiometric survey

3. Commissioning of the Idaho Geology Department to undertake 1:24,000 scale geological mapping of the DeLamar, Florida Mountain and BlackSheep Districts

4. Induced polarization ("IP") survey currently underway

See "Q4 2022 in Review" and "2023 Outlook" sections above for further details on recent exploration work.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

(3) War Eagle Property, Idaho

On January 21, 2019, Integra announced that, through its wholly owned subsidiary, DeLamar Mining Company, it entered into an option agreement with Nevada Select Royalty, Inc. ("Nevada Select"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Ely Gold Royalties, Inc ("Ely Gold") to acquire Nevada Select's interest in a State of Idaho Mineral Lease encompassing the War Eagle gold-silver Deposit ("War Eagle") situated 3 km east of Integra's Florida Mountain Deposit. On June 21, 2021, Gold Royalty Corp. ("GRC") and Ely Gold announced that they have entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which GRC will acquire all of the issued and outstanding common shares of Ely Gold by way of a statutory plan of arrangement under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia). The transaction was completed on August 23, 2021.

In the War Eagle Mountain District, Integra had previously acquired the Carton Claim group comprising of six patented mining claims covering 45 acres and located 750 m north of the State Lease.

War Eagle Mountain has a rich history of high-grade gold-silver production dating back to the late 1800's. The War Eagle-Florida-DeLamar geological settings, all hosting low sulphidation epithermal gold-silver are genetically related to the same mineralization forming event that occurred roughly 16 million years ago. The local geology and ore mineralogy found within the low sulphidation epithermal veins on War Eagle Mountain are similar to the regimes found at DeLamar and Florida Mountain to the west. The key difference is the host rock. Historically mined gold and silver in high grade veins at War Eagle was predominately mined and hosted by late Cretaceous age granitic rock. It should be noted that historically, the veins of War Eagle Mountain were of far higher grade compared to any other mining operations in the district, including DeLamar and Florida Mountain. Past production on these high-grade vein systems has outlined strike lengths in excess of 1 km and depth extents of up to 750 meters or more.

The following table highlights several of the best intercepts drilled by previous explorers of War Eagle Mountain, as described in historic drill data tabulations.

Drill Hole ID

From (m)

To
(m)

Interval
(m) (1)

g/t AuEq(2)

W14

Incl

131.06

131.06

213.36

134.11

82.30

3.05

4.07

32.04

W02

56.39

62.48

6.09

9.49

W03

175.26

182.88

7.62

9.28

W06

146.30

147.83

1.52

55.03

W40

68.58

92.96

24.38

8.45

W40

Incl

152.40

166.12

195.07

176.78

42.67

10.67

8.83

19.19

W51

124.97

132.59

7.62

8.04

1. The historic drill data reported in this release was developed by previous operators of the War Eagle Project prior to the introduction of NI43-101. Historic drill intersections are reported as drilled thicknesses. True widths of the mineralized intervals are estimated to be less than 75% of the reported widths. The historic drill data was sourced from historic reports by various operators' exploration and production data and reports. Integra Resources is providing this historic data for informational purposes only, and gives no assurance as to its reliability or relevance. Integra Resources has not completed any quality assurance program or applied quality control measures to the historic data. Accordingly, the historic data should not be relied upon.

2. Gold equivalent = g Au/t + (g Ag/t ÷ 85)

See "Q4 2022 in Review" and "2023 Outlook" sections above for further details on recent exploration work.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION 


The following table sets forth selected consolidation information of the Company as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, prepared in accordance with IFRS. The selected consolidated financial information should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

    Year Ended
December 31, 2022
$
    Year Ended
December 31, 2021

$
    Year Ended
December 31, 2020
$
 
Exploration and evaluation expenses   (11,989,334 )   (24,072,394 )   (12,774,217 )
Operating loss   (19,212,921 )   (31,702,931 )   (19,139,151 )
Other income (expense)   (594,100 )   (1,230,714 )   (1,110,273 )
Net loss   (19,807,021 )   (32,933,645 )   (20,249,424 )
Net loss per share   (0.29 )   (0.58 )   (0.41 )
Other comprehensive income (loss)   (663,590 )   480,751     457,112  
Comprehensive loss   (20,470,611 )   (32,452,894 )   (19,792,312 )
Cash and cash equivalents   15,919,518     14,337,078     29,061,142  
Exploration and evaluation assets   40,801,924     56,491,140     56,809,632  
Total assets   61,422,237     75,160,191     89,211,595  
Total current liabilities   15,390,668*     5,719,241     5,691,634  
Total non-current liabilities   24,708,404     40,365,947     41,693,819  
Working capital   1,603,220*     9,387,223     24,057,845  

*December 31, 2022 current liabilities and working capital include the convertible debt liability; the Company's current liabilities and working capital, excluding the convertible debt, were $5,342,454 and $11,651,434, respectively (see "Convertible Debt Facility" section).

The Company has changed its presentation currency as of December 31, 2021 from the Canadian dollar to the US dollar, to better reflect the Company's business activities and as most of the Company's assets and liabilities are held in its US subsidiaries hence denominated in US dollars. As a result, comparative figures in the audited consolidated financial statements have been translated into US dollars. No changes were made to the Company's functional currencies, as per the management's assessment based on the IAS 21 recommendations, which will be performed on a quarterly basis.

The operating losses for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were mostly driven by exploration and evaluation expenses, as well as head office and site G&A expenses which includes compensation, office, professional fees, regulatory fees, and stock-based compensation (non-cash) expenses.

Other expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 were mostly driven by the reclamation accretion expenses, interest and accretion expenses related to the convertible debt, partly offset by foreign exchange gain, interest and rent income, and change in fair value of derivatives (non-cash). Other expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were mostly due to foreign exchange loss and reclamation accretion expenses, partly offset by interest and rent income.

Other comprehensive income (loss) amounts are related to the foreign exchange translation adjustment.

Total assets in the current year ended December 31, 2022 decreased compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, mostly due to a decrease in exploration and evaluation assets (resulting from a reclamation adjustment), partially off-set by a slight increase in cash and pre-paid expenses. Total assets in the year ended December 31, 2021 decreased compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, due to a decrease in cash (mostly as a result of exploration/development activities and G&A) partially off-set by an increase in property, plant and equipment assets. 


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Working capital in the current year ended December 31, 2022 decreased compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 due to the convertible debt being classified as a current liability. The Company's working capital, excluding the convertible debt, was $11,651,434, which represents an increase compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, mostly due to an increase in cash in the current period, as a result of the Company's August 2022 equity financing and proceeds from convertible debt initial advance. Working capital in the year ended December 31, 2021 decreased compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was also mostly due to a decrease in cash for the reasons as discussed above.

Total current liabilities increased in the year ended December 31, 2022, when compared to the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, due to the convertible debt loan being classified as a current liability despite of its maturity date being August 2025.  The Company adopted IAS 1 amendments in 2022 and classified the liability portion of the convertible debt as a current liability, in accordance with these amendments. As a result, the Company reported lower working capital.  Total non-current liabilities decreased in the current year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 mostly due to a change in reclamation liability assumptions around inflation and discount rates.   

The following table outlines the exploration and evaluation assets break-down:

Exploration and Evaluation Assets Summary:

    Total  
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 56,809,632  
Land acquisitions/option payments   45,000  
Claim staking   3,000  
Reclamation adjustment*   (424,038 )
Depreciation**   (7,404 )
Total    56,426,190  
Advance minimum royalty   64,950  
Balance at December 31, 2021   56,491,140  
Land acquisitions/option payments   90,000  
Legal   14,987  
Reclamation adjustment*   (15,864,249 )
Depreciation**   (7,404 )
Total   40,724,474  
Advance minimum royalty   77,450  
Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 40,801,924  

*Reclamation adjustment is the change in present value of the reclamation liability, mainly due to changes to inflation rate and discount rate.

**A staff house building with a carrying value of $187,150 has been included in the DeLamar property. This building is being depreciated.

The Company spent $11,989,334 in exploration and evaluation activities during the year ended December 31, 2022 (December 31, 2021 - $24,072,394; December 31, 2020 - $12,774,217).


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The following tables outline the Company's exploration and evaluation expense summary for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020:

Exploration and Evaluation Expense Summary:

 
December 31, 2022
  DeLamar deposit

    Florida Mountain
deposit
    War Eagle
deposit
    Other
deposits
    Joint
expenses
     
Total
 
Contract exploration drilling $ 1,478,499   $ -   $ -   $ -   $ -   $ 1,478,499  
Contract metallurgical drilling   657,499     -     -     -     -     657,499  
Contract condemnation drilling   -     -     -     -     216,877     216,877  
Contract geotech drilling   -     -     -     -     222,876     222,876  
Exploration drilling - other drilling labour & related costs   1,023,359     20,952     10,779     -     -     1,055,090  
Metallurgical drilling - other drilling labour & related costs   310,344     -     -     -     -     310,334  
Condemnation drilling - other   -     -     -     -     307,833     307,833  
drilling labour & related costs                                    
Other exploration expenses*   -     11,159     -     2,492     891,586     905,237  
Other development expenses**   -     -     -     -     1,785,321     1,785,321  
Land***   282,847     50,114     1,656     20,946     223,164     578,727  
Permitting   -     -     -     -     3,019,675     3,019,675  
Metallurgical test work   279,682     59,640     -     -     -     339,322  
Technical reports and engineering   -     -     -     -     835,591     835,591  
Community engagement   -     -     -     -     276,443     276,443  
Total $ 4,032,230   $ 141,865   $ 12,435   $ 23,438   $ 7,779,366   $ 11,989,334  

*Includes mapping, IP, sampling, payroll, exploration G&A expenses, consultants

**Includes development G&A expenses and payroll

***Includes BLM and IDL annual fees, consulting, property taxes, legal, etc. expenses

 
December 31, 2021
  DeLamar deposit

    Florida Mountain
deposit
    War Eagle
deposit
    Other
deposits
    Joint
expenses
     
Total
 
Contract exploration drilling $ 1,164,217   $ 5,089,592   $ 601,761   $ 1,071,786   $ -   $ 7,927,356  
Contract metallurgical drilling   424,819     -     -     -     -     424,819  
Contract condemnation drilling   -     -     -     -     226,752     226,752  
Exploration drilling - other drilling labour & related costs   762,001     2,628,087     445,944     598,134     -     4,434,166  
Metallurgical drilling - other drilling labour & related costs   196,570     -     -     -     -     196,570  
Condemnation drilling - other drilling labour & related costs   124,235     -     -     -     -     124,235  
Other exploration expenses*   153,982     -     17,232     222,359     1,447,921     1,841,494  
Other development expenses**   -     -     -     -     1,664,611     1,664,611  
Land***   231,544     103,877     2,815     21,772     236,426     596,434  
Permitting   -     -     -     -     4,357,412     4,357,412  
Metallurgical test work   238,965     179,874     -     -     -     418,839  
Technical reports and studies   -     -     -     -     1,640,468     1,640,468  
Community engagement   -     -     -     -     219,238     219,238  
Total $ 3,296,333   $ 8,001,430   $ 1,067,752   $ 1,914,051   $ 9,792,828   $ 24,072,394  

*Includes mapping, IP, sampling, payroll, exploration G&A expenses, consultants

**Includes development G&A expenses and payroll

***Includes BLM and IDL annual fees, consulting, property taxes, legal, etc. expenses


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

 
December 31, 2020
  DeLamar deposit

    Florida Mountain
deposit
    War Eagle
deposit
    Other
deposits
    Joint
expenses
     
Total
 
Contract exploration drilling $ 368,944   $ 2,310,366   $ 740,989   $ -   $ -   $ 3,420,299  
Contract metallurgical drilling   737,431     -     -     -     -     737,431  
Exploration drilling - other drilling labour & related costs   240,249     1,195,220     446,690     272,597     -     2,154,756  
Metallurgical drilling - other                                    
drilling labour & related costs   318,201     -     -     -     -     318,201  
Other exploration expenses*   -     321,755     -     405,750     1,310,546     2,038,051  
Other development expenses**   -     -     -     -     1,006,451     1,006,451  
Land***   162,816     88,451     4,528     26,188     218,829     500,182  
Permitting   -     -     -     -     1,619,696     1,619,696  
Metallurgy test work   239,985     239,884     -     -     -     479,869  
Technical reports and studies   -     -     -     -     327,020     327,020  
Community engagement   -     -     -     -     172,261     172,261  
Total $ 2,066,996   $ 4,155,676   $ 1,192,207   $ 704,535   $ 4,654,803   $ 12,774,217  

*Includes mapping, IP, sampling, payroll, exploration G&A expenses, consultants.

**Includes development G&A expenses and payroll

***Includes BLM and IDL annual fees, consulting, property taxes, legal, etc. expenses

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS         


YEAR-ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022

Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $19,807,021 and the comprehensive loss $20,470,611, compared to a net loss of $32,933,645 and a comprehensive loss of $32,452,894 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Overall, operating expenses were lower in the current year mostly due to a decrease in exploration and development expenses. Other expenses in the current year were driven by the reclamation accretion expenses, interest and accretion expenses related to the convertible debt (non-cash), partially off-set by the foreign exchange gain, and interest and rent income. Other expenses in the comparative period were due to the foreign exchange loss and reclamation expense, partly offset by the interest and rent income. The variances between these two periods were primarily due to the following items:

  • Exploration and evaluation expenses: the Company incurred $11,989,334 in exploration and development expenses during the current year (December 31, 2021 - $24,072,394). The difference is mostly due to decreased drilling activities in the current period.
  • Office and site administration: the Company incurred $1,242,742 in expenses during the current year (December 31, 2021 - $1,586,233). The difference is mostly due to lower travel to the site, training, equipment repair, sanitation and supplies, recruitment relocation, general site maintenance, and health and safety expenses in the current period. 
  • Stock-based compensation: the Company incurred $1,742,511 in stock-based compensation in the current year (December 31, 2021 - $1,863,085). The variance is due to the timing of vesting of equity incentive awards granted from 2017 to 2022.
  • Other income (expense):  amounted to $594,100 (other expense) in the current year, compared to $1,230,714 (other expense) in the comparative period. The variance is mostly due higher interest and rent income, change in fair value of derivatives (non-cash), interest and accretion expenses related to the convertible debt, and foreign exchange gain in the current period compared to the foreign exchange loss in the comparative period.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

THREE-MONTH PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022

Net loss for the three-month period ended December 31, 2022 was $6,204,720 and the comprehensive loss $6,045,574, compared to a net loss of $7,200,497 and a comprehensive loss of $7,058,158 for the three-month period ended December 31, 2021.

Overall, operating expenses were lower in the current three-month period mostly due to a decrease in exploration and development expenses. Other expenses were higher in the current three-month period mostly due to higher reclamation accretion expenses, interest and accretion expenses related to the convertible debt, and change in fair value of derivatives (non-cash). The variances between these two periods were primarily due to the following items:

  • Exploration and evaluation expenses: the Company incurred $3,728,621 in exploration and development expenses during the current quarter (December 31, 2021 - $4,810,795). The difference is mostly due to decreased drilling activities in the current three-month period.
  • Office and site administration: the Company incurred $345,325 in expenses during the current three-month period (December 31, 2021 - $507,119). The difference is mostly due to lower travel to the site, IT, training, equipment repair, sanitation and supplies, recruitment relocation, and health and safety expenses in the current period. 
  • Stock-based compensation: the Company incurred $345,891 in stock-based compensation in the current three-month period (December 31, 2021 - $457,654). The variance is due to the timing of vesting of equity incentive awards granted from 2017 to 2022.
  • Other income (expense):  amounted to $722,750 (other expense) in the current three-month period, compared to $346,127 (other expense) in the comparative period. The variance is mostly due a higher reclamation accretion expenses, interest and accretion expenses related to the convertible debt (non-cash), and the change in fair value of derivatives (non-cash) in the current quarter.

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021

Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $32,933,645 and the comprehensive loss $32,452,894, compared to a net loss of $20,249,424 and a comprehensive loss of $19,792,312 for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Overall, operating expenses were higher in the year ended December 31, 2021 mostly due to a significant increase in exploration and development expenses, and an increase in compensation, office and site administration, stock-based compensation (non-cash item), and depreciation (non-cash item) expenses; other non-operating losses in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were mostly driven by reclamation accretion expenses and foreign exchange loss, partially offset by rent and interest income. The variances between these two periods were primarily due to the following items:

  • Exploration and evaluation expenses: the Company incurred $24,072,394 in exploration and development expenses in the year ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $12,774,217). The difference is mostly due to increased exploration and development activities in the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company significantly increased permitting and engineering activities in 2021.
  • Office and site administration: the Company incurred $1,586,233 in expenses in the year ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $713,011), mostly due to increased insurance premiums, computer and software expenses, travel to the site, training, equipment repair, general site maintenance, Boise office expenses (new in 2021), mining camp expenses (new in 2021), and health and safety expenses in 2021.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
  • Compensation and benefits: these expenses amounted to $2,428,809 in the year ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $2,061,723). The increase is mostly due to new employees hired since December 31, 2020.
  • Corporate development and marketing:  these expenses totaled $303,034 for the year ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $613,724). The decrease was mostly due to significant decrease in travel expenses in the current period, due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. Mining conferences where also held virtually, which meaningfully reduced marketing expenses.
  • Stock-based compensation: the Company incurred $1,863,085 in stock-based compensation in the year ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $1,693,886). The variance is due to the timing of vesting of equity incentive awards granted from 2017 to 2021.
  • Depreciation expenses related to the property, plant and equipment: these expenses amounted to $467,703 in the year ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $302,470), due to equipment additions since Q4 2020.
  • Depreciation expenses related to the right-of-use assets: these expenses amounted to $460,254 in the year ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $305,389), due to lease additions since Q4 2020.
  • Professional fees: these expenses totaled $295,971 for the year ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $416,906). Professional fees include expenses such as legal, audit, accounting, tax, and miscellaneous consulting expenses. Professional fees were significantly higher in 2020 mostly due to higher legal fees related to the Company's continuation to BC, share consolidation, and NYSE American listing.
  • Regulatory fees: these expenses totaled $225,448 for the year ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $257,825). Regulatory fees, which also include filing fees and transfer agent fees, were higher in the comparative period mostly due to the Company's NYSE American listing.  The Company listed on the NYSE American in July 2020, which resulted in higher annual regulatory and filling fees in the comparative period. 
  • Other income (expense):  amounted to $1,230,714 (other expenses) in the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $1,110,273 (other expense) in the comparative period. The variance is mostly due to higher reclamation expenses and lower interest income in 2021.

THREE-MONTH PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021

Net loss for the three-month period ended December 31, 2021 was $7,200,497 and the comprehensive loss $7,058,158, compared to a net loss of $8,426,081 and a comprehensive loss of $6,925,215 for the three-month period ended December 31, 2020.

Overall, operating expenses were slightly higher in the three-month period ended December 31, 2021 mostly due to an increase in exploration and development expenses, office and site administration, professional, and depreciation (non-cash item) expenses; other non-operating income in both three-month periods were mostly driven by the foreign exchange loss and reclamation expenses, partially offset by interest and rent income. The variances between these two periods were primarily due to the following items:

  • Office and site administration: the Company incurred $507,119 in expenses during the three-month period ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $239,227), mostly due to increased insurance premiums, computer and software expenses, travel to the site, training, equipment repair, general site maintenance, new Boise office expenses, new mining camp expenses, and health and safety expenses in Q4 2021. 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
  • Stock-based compensation: the Company incurred $457,654 in stock-based compensation in the three-month period ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $673,795). The variance is due to the timing of vesting of equity incentive awards granted from 2017 to 2021.
  • Corporate development and marketing:  these expenses totaled $80,544 for the three-month period ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $260,409). Expenses were greater in the comparative period due to higher travel expenses and US focused new marketing initiatives, which were initiated after the Company's July 2020 NYSE listing.
  • Exploration and evaluation expenses: the Company incurred $4,810,795 in exploration and development expenses during the three-month period ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $4,721,469). The difference is mostly due to increased development activities in Q4 2021.
  • Depreciation expenses related to the property, plant and equipment: these expenses amounted to $134,632 in the three-month period ended December 31, 021 (December 31, 2020 - $92,564), due to equipment additions since Q4 2020.
  • Professional fees: these expenses totaled $111,322 for the three-month period ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $75,007). Professional fees include expenses such as legal, audit, accounting, tax, and miscellaneous consulting expenses. Professional fees were higher in Q4 2021 mostly due to higher audit, internal control testing, and tax services in Q4 2021.
  • Depreciation expenses related to the right-of-use assets: these expenses amounted to $121,161 in the three-month period ended December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020 - $93,258), due to lease additions since Q4 2020.
  • Other income (expense):  amounted to $346,127 (other expense) in the three-month period ended December 31, 2021, compared to $1,558,248 (other expenses) in the comparative period. The variance is mostly due higher foreign exchange loss in the comparative period.

Net cash used by the Company in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $18,098,477 (December 31, 2021 - $30,513,499; December 31, 2020 - 16,848,339).  The variance between the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was mostly driven by lower exploration and development expenditures in the current period. The variance between the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was mostly driven by exploration and development expenditures, compensation, and office and site administration.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $95,092 (December 31, 2021 - $1,292,625 (used in); December 31, 2020 - $913,251 (provided by)). The difference between the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was mostly due to a loan receivable paid back in the current period and higher additions to property, plant and equipment in the comparative period.  The difference between the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was mostly due to the release of restricted cash (long-term investment) held as cash collateral for our environmental bonds in the comparative period and higher additions to the property, plant and equipment in the year ended December 31, 2021. 


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2022 was $19,776,009 (December 31, 2021 - of $17,082,060; December 31, 2020 - $20,879,086). The difference between the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was mostly due to slightly greater proceeds from financings in 2022, including proceed from the convertible liability. The difference between the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was driven by exercise of stock options in 2021, issuance of shares under the ATM facility in 2021, and the Company's September 2021 financing vs the Company's September 2020 financing.

The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $19.3 million (net) in August 2022 through a bought deal financing and a convertible loan. The table below summarized the expected use of proceeds:

August 2022 Financing
 
Expected Use of
Proceeds ($M)

Mid-August 2022 to May
2023
Actual Use of
Proceeds ($M)
(1)

September 2022 to
June 2023
Variance ($M)
Exploration work, including drilling $6.1 $4.8 ($1.3)
Development work, including engineering and permitting $7.1 $8.2 $1.1
Other Site Costs (field costs, land acquisition, land holdings, site G&A, infrastructure, etc.) $2.1 $2.2 $0.1
Site Ongoing Environmental Monitoring / Water Treatment $1.2 $1.2 $0.0
Corporate G&A $2.8 $3.1 $0.3
Total $19.3 $19.5 $0.2

(1) Actual Use of Proceeds includes actual expenditures from September 2022 to December 2022, and estimated expenditures from January

2023 to June 2023.

The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $16.0 million (net) in September 2021 through a bought deal financing. The table below summarized the expected use of proceeds:

September 2021 Financing

Expected Use of
Proceeds ($M)

September 2021 to May
2022

Actual Use of
Proceeds ($M)
(1)

September 2021 to
August 2022

Variance ($M)

Exploration work, including drilling

$7.0 

$3.5

($3.5)

Development work, including engineering and permitting

$4.9

$5.7

$0.8

Other Site Costs (field costs, land acquisition, land holdings, site G&A, infrastructure, etc.)

$1.2

$2.5

$1.3

Site Ongoing Environmental Monitoring / Water Treatment

$0.9

$1.3

$0.4

Corporate G&A

$2.0

$2.8

$0.8

Total

$16.0

$15.8

($0.2)

(1) Actual Use of Proceeds includes actual expenditures from September 2021 to August 2022.

The Company raised net proceeds of approximately US$21.3 million (net) in September 2020 through a brokered financing. The table below summarized the expected use of proceeds:


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

September 2020 Financing
(Expenditures from January 2021 to September 2021) (1)
Expected Use of
Proceeds ($M)
Actual Use of
Proceeds ($M)
(1)
Variance ($M)
Exploration work, including drilling $6.4 $10.9 $4.6 (2)
Pre-Feasibility Study work, including engineering and permitting $9.0 $3.5 ($5.5) (3)
Other (field costs, land acquisition, land holdings, site G&A, infrastructure, etc.) $1.7 $2.3 $0.6
Site Ongoing Environmental Monitoring / Water Treatment $1.4  $1.3 ($0.1)
Corporate G&A $2.8 $1.7 ($1.1)
Total $21.3 $19.7 ($1.5) (4)

1. Actual Use of Proceeds includes actual expenditures from January 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021.

2. Variance due to increased drilling program and foreign exchange rate fluctuation.

3. Approximately $3.4 mm of the 2021 development expenditures were funded with the proceeds from the 2019 financings. As a result, a lesser amount of the proceeds raised in September 2020 had to be allocated to development expenditures. The Company do not believe that the variance will have an impact on its development timeline.

4. The overall variance vs use of proceeds is not material.

SUMMARY OF SELECTED QUARTERLY INFORMATION


The following table sets forth selected quarterly financial information for each of the last eight quarters *.

Quarter Ending

Revenue

($)

Net Loss

($)

Net Loss
Per Share ($)

December 31, 2022

Nil

                        (6,204,720)

                                        (0.08)

September 30, 2022

Nil

(3,305,706)

(0.05)

June 30, 2022

Nil

(4,509,761)

(0.07)

March 31, 2022

Nil

(5,786,834)

(0.09)

December 31, 2021

Nil

(7,200,497)

(0.11)

September 30, 2021

Nil

(9,538,606)

(0.17)

June 30, 2021

Nil

(9,529,459)

(0.18)

March 31, 2021

Nil

(6,665,083)

(0.12)



*Net loss per share data reflects the 2.5 to 1 consolidation on July 9, 2020 of the Company's issued and outstanding shares.

The net losses for all these quarters were mostly driven by exploration and development expenses, head office and site G&A expenses (such as compensation, corporate development and marketing, office and administration, professional, and regulatory fees), and stock-based compensation expenses (non-cash item), partly offset by interest and rent income in all those periods and by foreign exchange gain recorded in the second and third quarters of 2022 and third quarter of 2021. The net loss for Q3 2022 and Q4 2022 also included accretion expenses and interest expense accrual related to the convertible debt.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES


The Company does not have a mineral property in production and consequently does not receive revenue from the sale of precious metals. The Company currently has no operations that generates cash flow.  The Company has financed its operations primarily through the issuance of share capital and convertible debt. The continued operations of the Company are dependent on its ability to complete sufficient public equity financing or generate profitable operations in the future.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The Company adopted IAS 1 amendments in 2022 and classified the liability portion of the convertible debt as a current liability, in accordance with these amendments, despite of its maturity date being August 2025.  That meaningfully impacted the Company's working capital. The Company's working capital, including the convertible debts, as of December 31, 2022 was $1,603,220 (December 31, 2021 - $9,387,223). The Company's working capital, excluding the convertible debt liability, as of December 31, 2022 was $11,651,434. Working capital, excluding the convertible liability, increased in the current period comparing to the year ended December 31, 2021 mostly due to an increase in cash as a result of the Company's August 2022 financing and the initial advance of the convertible debt facility. 

The Company actively manages its liquidity using budgeting based on expected cash flows to ensure there are appropriate funds for meeting short term obligations during the year. 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS


All financial instruments are required to be measured at fair value on initial recognition. The fair value is based on quoted market prices, unless the financial instruments are not traded in an active market. In this case, the fair value is determined by using valuation techniques like the Black-Scholes option pricing model or other valuation techniques. Measurement in subsequent periods depends on the classification of the financial instrument. A description of financial instruments and their fair value is included in the audited consolidated financial statements for the  years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com  and on Integra's website at www.integraresources.com.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS


Net Smelter Return

A portion of the DeLamar Project is subject to a 2.5% NSR payable to Maverix Metals Inc. ("Maverix"). The NSR will be reduced to 1.0% once Maverix has received a total cumulative royalty payment of CAD$10 million (US$7.4 million).  Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2022, Maverix was acquired by Triple Flag Precious Metals Corp.

Advance Minimum Royalties, Land Access Lease Payments, and Annual Claim Filings

The Company is required to make property rent payments related to its mining lease agreements with landholders and the Idaho Department of Lands ("IDL"), in the form of advance minimum royalties ("AMR"). There are multiple third-party landholders, and the royalty amounts due to each of them over the life of the Project varies with each property.

The Company's AMR obligation was $77,450 for 2022 (December 31, 2021 - $64,950), paid in full in the current year ended December 31, 2022.

The Company's obligation related to land and road access lease payments, option payments and IDL rent payments was $383,669 for 2022 (December 31, 2021 - $329,331), paid in full in the current year ended December 31, 2022. 

The Company's obligation for BLM claim fees was $192,225 for 2022 (December 31, 2021 - $191,565), paid in full in the current year ended December 31, 2022.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

LEASES - RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITIES


Integra renewed its head office lease agreement on August 18, 2022, extending the lease term from January 31, 2023 to January 31, 2028. All balances related to the original right-of-use asset and lease liability were closed in the current year and replaced by the new right-of-use asset and lease liability amounts.

Summaries of the changes in right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are included in the Company's audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The Company subleased a portion of its head office to four companies for a rent income of $111,046, in the current year ended December 31, 2022 (December 31, 2021 - $71,797; December 31, 2020 - $48,026). The income is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, under the "Rent income - sublease".

Operating Leases

The Company elected to apply recognition exemption under IFRS 16 on its short-term rent agreements related to its office and equipment rentals. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company expensed $77,823 (December 31, 2021 - $93,154; December 31, 2020 - $89,166) related to these operating leases.  The Company's short-term lease commitment as of December 31, 2022 was $30,461 (December 31, 2021 - $19,068).

TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES


Related parties include the Board of Directors and officers and enterprises that are controlled by these individuals as well as certain consultants performing similar functions.

As December 31, 2022, $636,555 (December 31, 2021 - $693,344) was due to related parties for payroll expenses, consulting fees, bonuses accruals, vacation accruals and other expenses.  Receivables from related parties (related to rent and office expenses) as of December 31, 2022 were $18,843 (December 31, 2021 - $Nil) and was recorded in receivables.

Key Management Compensation:

Key management personnel include those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing, and controlling the activities of the Company as a whole. The Company has determined that key management personnel consist of executive and non-executive members of the Company's Board of Directors and corporate officers.

Remuneration attributed to executives and directors for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were as follows: 

     
December 31, 2022
     
December 31, 2021
     
December 31, 2020
 
Short-term benefits* $ 1,596,362   $ 1,806,716   $ 1,583,279  
Associate companies**   (16,932 )   (18,137 )   (23,061 )
Stock-based compensation   1,165,694     1,173,216     1,314,431  
Total $ 2,745,124   $ 2,961,795   $ 2,874,649  

*Short-term employment benefits include salaries, consulting fees, vacation accruals and bonus accruals for key management. It also includes directors' fees for non-executive members of the Company's Board of Directors.

**Net of payable/receivable/GST due to/from entities for which Integra's directors are executives, mostly related to rent and office expenses.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

In the current year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued 170,858 deferred share units to certain directors, in lieu of their directors' fees, as elected by those directors. Each DSU has been fair valued at Integra's closing share price at the end of quarter. The share-based payment related to these DSUs is included in the above table under stock-based compensation.

In the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued 30,168 deferred share units to certain directors, in lieu of their directors' fees, as elected by those directors. Each DSU has been fair valued at Integra's closing share price at the end of quarter. The share-based payment related to these DSUs is included in the above table under stock-based compensation.

The Company did not issue DSUs in lieu of directors' fees in 2020. The option to receive DSUs in lieu of cash directors' fees was introduced in 2021 in order to encourage insiders' ownership.

DSUs granted before December 2021 vested in full at the grant date. DSUs granted in December 2021 and going forward will vest in 12 months.

EQUIPMENT FINANCING


During the 2020 fiscal year, the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, DeLamar Mining Company, purchased a dozer and two small excavators and entered into a 48-month mobile equipment financing agreement in the amount of $0.6 million. The mobile equipment financing is guaranteed by Integra Resources Corp. During the quarter ended June 30, 2021, the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, DeLamar Mining Company, purchased a dozer and entered into a 48-month mobile equipment financing agreement in the amount of $0.3 million. The mobile equipment financing is guaranteed by Integra Resources Corp.

The equipment financing liability is initially measured at the present value of the payments to be made over the financing term, using the implicit interest rate of 7.0% per annum for the 2020 financing and the implicit interest rate of 6.5% for the financing incurred in the second quarter of 2021. Subsequently, equipment financing liability is accreted to reflect interest and the liability is reduced to reflect financing payments.

Summaries of the changes in the equipment financing liabilities and interest expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are included in the Company's audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

CONVERTIBLE DEBT FACILITY


On July 28, 2022, the Company executed a credit agreement with Beedie Investment Ltd. (the "Lender"), for the issuance of a non-revolving term convertible debt facility (the "Convertible Facility") in the principal amount up to $20 million. On August 4, 2022, an initial advance of $10 million was drawn under this facility, with the Company having the option to draw "subsequent advances" in increments of at least $2.5 million, up to an additional $10 million, subject to certain conditions.

Maturity date of the loan is set as 36 months following the closing date (August 4, 2022), which could be extended for an additional 12 months, if certain conditions are met. The Convertible Facility is secured by the Company's material assets and guaranteed by the Company's subsidiaries. 

The Company is required to pay standby fees, of 2% (annual rate), calculated on the undrawn portion of the Convertible Facility, calculated on a daily basis, compounded quarterly, and payable in arrears on each interest payment date following the effective date commencing September 30, 2022.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The Convertible Facility bears interest at 8.75% per annum. Prior to July 31, 2024, interest will be accrued and shall be compounded quarterly and added to the principal at the end of each quarterly interest period. Commencing with the quarterly interest period ending September 30, 2024, interest shall be paid quarterly either in cash or shares.

Summaries of the convertible debt facility for the year ended December 31, 2022 are included in the Company's audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA


Share capital details are included in the Company's audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The following table outlines the outstanding share data as of the date of this MD&A: 

 

March 17, 2023

Issued and outstanding common shares

79,763,689

Outstanding Options/RSUs/DSUs to purchase common shares

5,738,654

Issued and outstanding common shares (fully diluted)

85,502,343

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS


  • On January 10, 2023, the Company granted 479,760 stock options at an exercise price of $0.65 (CAD$0.87) per option, with the expiry date January 10, 2028, 290,310 RSUs, and 247,500 DSUs to its employees, directors, and officers, according to the Company's Equity Incentive Plan.
  • In February 2023, 90,000 stock options at an exercise price of $2.60 (CAD$3.20) and 100,000 stock options at an exercise price of $2.30 (CAD$2.95) expired unexercised.
  • Millennial Precious Metals Transaction

On February 27, 2023, the Company announced that it had entered into an arm's length definitive arrangement agreement dated February 26, 2023 (the "Arrangement Agreement") for an at-market merger with Millennial Precious Metals Corp ("Millennial") pursuant to which Integra will acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Millennial by way of a court-approved plan of arrangement (the "Arrangement") under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the "Transaction"). Under the terms of the Transaction, Millennial shareholders will receive 0.23 of a common share of Integra (each whole Integra share, an "Integra Share") for each Millennial common share (a "Millennial Share") held (the "Exchange Ratio"). The Transaction is subject to certain conditions precedent set out in the Arrangement Agreement, including, but not limited to, approval of the Arrangement by the Supreme Court of British Columbia, approval of the Transaction by the TSX Venture Exchange and NYSE American, the Company having raised at least CAD$35 million under the Brokered and Non-Brokered Offerings (each, as defined below), and the approval of Arrangement by (i) 66 2/3% of the votes cast by Millennial shareholders; and (ii) a simple majority of the votes cast by Millennial shareholders, excluding certain related parties as prescribed by Multilateral Instrument 61-101 - Protection of Minority Security Holders in Special Transactions, in each case, voting in person or by proxy at a special meeting of Millennial shareholders.  The special meeting of Millennial shareholders is expected to be held in April 2023 and, provided all conditions precedent have been met, the Transaction is expected to close in early May 2023. A copy of the Arrangement Agreement is available under the Company's SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

As at February 24, 2023, there were 180,402,860 Millennial Shares issued and outstanding; and 8,312,000 stock options (each, a "Millennial Option"), 2,396,789 restricted share units (each, a "Millennial RSU") and 24,644,814 warrants (each, a "Millennial Warrant") issued and outstanding, each exercisable to acquire or otherwise settle in Millennial Shares.  Pursuant to the Transaction: (i) each Millennial RSU, whether vested or unvested, will immediately vest in accordance with the terms of the Millennial RSU plan and be exchanged for one Millennial Share, with such Millennial Shares exchanged for Integra Shares based on the Exchange Ratio; (ii) each Millennial Option, whether vested or unvested, will be transferred to Integra and the holder of such Millennial Option will receive a replacement option (a "Replacement Option") to acquire such number of Integra Shares equal to the Exchange Ratio multiplied by the number of Millennial Options, at an exercise price equal to current Millennial Option exercise price divided by the Exchange Ratio, exercisable until the original expiry date of such Millennial Option and otherwise governed by the terms of the Millennial stock option plan; and (iii) each Millennial Warrant will, upon the exercise of such rights, be exercisable into such number of Integra Shares equal to the Exchange Ratio multiplied by the number of Millennial Warrants, at an exercise price equal to current Millennial Warrant exercise price divided by the Exchange Ratio, exercisable until the original expiry date of such Millennial Warrant.  Consequently, assuming no further issuances of securities by Millennial, we expect to issue approximately 41,492,658 Integra Shares to former holders of Millennial Shares; approximately 551,261 Integra Shares to former holders of Millennial RSUs; approximately 1,911,760 Replacement Options, exercisable at various exercise prices ranging from CAD$1.30 to CAD$2.87, with expiry dates ranging from May 5, 2023 to April 5, 2027; and approximately 5,668,307 Integra Shares on exercise of Millennial Warrants, exercisable at various exercise prices ranging from CAD$1.74 to CAD$2.39, with expiry dates ranging from April 28, 2023 to June 16, 2024. 

  • Bridge Loan

The Company announced on February 27, 2023, that it had agreed to provide Millennial with an unsecured bridge loan in the principal amount of not less than CAD$500,000 (the "Bridge Loan"), which Bridge Loan (i) will bear interest at a rate of 6.5% per annum from the date of advance until repayment of the principal amount in full; (ii) have a maturity date of 120 days from the issue date; and (iii) not accelerate and become due in connection with the termination of the Arrangement Agreement.  As of the date hereof, the Company has extended CAD$Nil by way of promissory note to Millennial in connection with the Bridge Loan.

  • Brokered Offering

The Company announced on February 27, 2023 that it had entered into an agreement with Raymond James Ltd., BMO Capital Markets and Cormark Securities Inc., as joint bookrunners (collectively, the "Underwriters"), in connection with a bought deal private placement of subscription receipts (each, a "Subscription Receipt"). On March 16, 2023, the Company and the Underwriters entered into a definitive underwriting agreement and completed the sale of 35,000,000 Subscription Receipts, at a price of CAD$0.70 per Subscription Receipt (the "Issue Price") for gross proceeds of CAD$24,500,000 (the "Brokered Offering"). Each Subscription Receipt represents the right of a holder to receive, upon satisfaction or waiver of certain release conditions (including the satisfaction of all conditions precedent to the completion of the Transaction other than the issuance of the Integra Shares to shareholders of Millennial) (the "Escrow Release Conditions"), without payment of additional consideration, one Integra Share, subject to adjustments and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the subscription receipt agreement (the "Subscription Receipt Agreement") entered into on closing of the Brokered Offering among the Company, the Underwriters and TSX Trust Company (the "Subscription Receipt Agent").

The gross proceeds from the sale of Subscription Receipts pursuant to the Brokered Offering (including the Non-Brokered Offering, as described below) were placed into escrow with Subscription Receipt Agent. If the Escrow Release Conditions are satisfied on or before June 9, 2023 (the "Termination Date"), the escrowed funds together with interest earned thereon (less the balance of 75% of the remaining Underwriters' commission plus interest earned thereon) will be released to the Company. If the Escrow Release Conditions are not satisfied prior to the Termination Date, or if the Arrangement Agreement is terminated, the escrowed funds, together with interest earned thereon, will be returned on a pro rata basis to the holders of the Subscription Receipts, and the Subscription Receipts will be cancelled and have no further force and effect, all in accordance with the terms of the Subscription Receipt Agreement. On the closing date of the Brokered Offering, the Company paid to the Underwriters CAD$0.3 million, representing 25% of the Underwriters' commission, together with the Underwriters' expenses incurred in connection with the Brokered Offering. In the event that the Transaction does not close, these fees will not be refundable.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
  • Non-Brokered Offering

The Company announced on February 27, 2023, that it had entered into a binding letter agreement with Wheaton Precious Metals Corp. ("Wheaton"), and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Wheaton, pursuant to which Wheaton agreed to purchase the lesser of: (a) CAD$15 million of Subscription Receipts at the Issue Price; (b) such number of Subscription Receipts that will result in Wheaton owning 9.9% of the issued and outstanding Integra Shares (following the completion of the proposed Transaction and the conversion of the Subscription Receipts issuable to Wheaton and pursuant to the Brokered Offering); and (c) 30% of the combined Subscription Receipts to be issued to Wheaton and investors in the Brokered Offering (the "Non-Brokered Offering").  On March 16, 2023, the Company and Wheaton entered into a definitive subscription agreement and completed the Non-Brokered Offering, resulting in the issuance and sale to Wheaton of 15,000,000 Subscription Receipts for aggregate gross proceeds of CAD$10,500,000.

Pursuant to the terms of the Non-Brokered Offering, and upon completion of the Transaction, Wheaton will receive a corporate wide right of first refusal on precious metals royalties, streams or pre-pays pertaining to any properties that Integra or its affiliates: (a) currently hold; (b) acquire in connection with the Transaction; and (c) acquire in the future within a five kilometer radius of the outer perimeter of the foregoing properties or is otherwise acquired in connection with or for the use of the projects currently held by Integra and Millennial. Integra will also grant to Wheaton the right to participate in future equity offerings so that it can maintain at least its pro rata ownership at the time of any such offering, up to a maximum of 9.9% of the Integra Shares (provided Wheaton holds at least 5.0% of the outstanding equity at the time of such offering).

  • Beedie Capital Credit Facility

The Company announced on February 27, 2023, that, in connection with the closing of the Transaction, the convertible loan agreement with Beedie Investments Ltd. ("Beedie Capital") dated July 28, 2022 (the "Loan Agreement") will be amended to accommodate the assets of Millennial and its subsidiaries, each of which, following the closing of the Transaction, will be loan parties and provide guarantees and security for the obligations under the Loan Agreement. In addition, conditional on the closing of the Transaction (as described above), the Loan Agreement will be amended to, among other things, modify the conversion price on the initial advance of US$10 million under the Loan Agreement to reflect a 35% premium to the Issue Price (as described above) and to increase the effective interest rate from 8.75% to 9.25% per annum on the loan outstanding, which interest continues to be accrued for the first twenty-four (24) months from the date of the Loan Agreement, payable quarterly either in shares or in cash, at Integra's election. As of the date hereof, the principal amount of the loan outstanding under the Loan Agreement is US$20 million, of which US$10 million is currently drawn.

  • Consolidation

Subject to the completion of the Transaction and receipt of approval from the TSXV, Integra intends to consolidate the Integra Shares on the basis of one post-consolidation Integra Share for every 2.5 pre-consolidation Integra Shares (the "Consolidation"). It is expected that the Consolidation will take effect shortly following the completion of the Transaction.

Assuming no further issuances of securities by Integra and Millennial (other than as contemplated above), Integra expects to have approximately 171.8 million Integra Shares issued and outstanding immediately following the completion of the Transaction on a non-diluted basis and approximately 185.1 million Integra Shares outstanding on a fully-diluted basis. Following the implementation of the Consolidation, it is expected that Integra will have approximately 68.7 million Integra Shares issued and outstanding on a non-diluted basis and approximately 74.1 million Integra Shares outstanding on a fully-diluted basis. No fractional Integra Shares will be issued, and any fractional interest in Integra Shares resulting from the Consolidation will be rounded down to the nearest whole Integra Share.  As of the date hereof, no definitive decision has been made to proceed with the Consolidation.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS AND ESTIMATES


The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions which affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the audited consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are based on historical experience and other factors considered to be reasonable and are reviewed on an ongoing basis.  Revisions to estimates and the resulting effects on the carrying amounts of the Company's assets and liabilities are accounted for prospectively.

Measurement uncertainties are described in the Company's audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES


The Company's accounting policies are in accordance with IFRS and described in the Company's audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES


The Company is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties due to the nature of its business. The Company's exploration activities expose it to various financial and operational risks that could have a significant impact on its level of operating cash flows in the future.

Limitations on the Mineral Resource and Reserve Estimates

The Company's Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves are estimates only and are based on estimates of mineral content and quantity derived from limited information acquired through drilling and other sampling methods and require judgmental interpretations of geology, structure, grade distributions and trends and other factors. The Company's Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates may be materially affected by environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-political, marketing and other factors. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, including many factors beyond the Company's control. Estimation is a subjective process, and the accuracy of the Company's Mineral Resource or Mineral Reserve estimate is a function of the quantity and quality of available data, and of the assumptions made and judgments used in engineering and geological interpretation of that data and the level of congruence with the actual size and characteristics of the Company's deposits. No assurance can be given that the estimates are accurate or that the indicated level of metal will be produced. Actual mineralization or geological formations may be different from those predicted. Further, it may take many years before production is possible, and during that time the economic feasibility of exploiting a discovery may change. These estimates may, therefore, require adjustments or downward revisions based upon further exploration or development work, drilling or actual production experience.

Fluctuations in gold and silver prices, results of drilling, metallurgical testing and production, the evaluation of mine plans after the date of any estimate, permitting requirements or unforeseen technical or operational difficulties may require revision of the Company's Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates.  Prolonged declines in the market price of gold or silver may render Mineral Reserves containing relatively lower grades of mineralization uneconomical to recover and could materially reduce the Company's Mineral Reserves. Mineral Resource estimates are based on drill hole information, which is not necessarily indicative of conditions between and around the drill holes. Accordingly, such Mineral Resource estimates may require revision as more geologic and drilling information becomes available and as actual production experience is gained. Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves should not be interpreted as assurances of LOM or of the profitability of future operations. There is a degree of uncertainty in estimating Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves and of the grades and tonnages that are forecast to be mined and, as a result, the grade and volume of gold or silver that the Company mines, processes and recovers may not be the same as currently anticipated. Any material reductions in estimates of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, or of the Company's ability to economically extract these Mineral Reserves, could have a material adverse effect on the DeLamar Project and the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and have a greater degree of uncertainty as to their existence and feasibility. Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no assurance that Mineral Resources will be upgraded to Proven or Probable Mineral Reserves. Inferred Mineral Resources have a substantial degree of uncertainty as to their existence, and economic and legal feasibility.  Accordingly, there is no assurance that Inferred Mineral Resources reported herein will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Investors are cautioned not to assume that part or all of an Inferred Mineral Resource exists, or is economically or legally mineable.

Readers are advised to study and consider risk factors disclosed in the Company's Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, dated March 17, 2023 and available under the Company's issuer profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

CAUTIONARY NOTE TO US INVESTORS WITH RESPECT TO MINERAL RESOURCES


National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects ("NI 43-101") is a rule of the Canadian Securities Administrators which establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects. Technical disclosure contained in this MD&A has been prepared in accordance with NI 43-101 and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Classification System.  These standards differ from the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and resource information contained in this MD&A may not be comparable to similar information disclosed by domestic United States companies subject to the SEC's reporting and disclosure requirements.

NON-GAAP MEASURES


Alternative performance measures in this MD&A such as "cash cost", "AISC" "free cash flow" are furnished to provide additional information. These non-GAAP performance measures are included in this MD&A because these statistics are used as key performance measures that management uses to monitor and assess performance of the DeLamar Project, and to plan and assess the overall effectiveness and efficiency of mining operations. These performance measures do not have a standard meaning within International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") and, therefore, amounts presented may not be comparable to similar data presented by other mining companies. These performance measures should not be considered in isolation as a substitute for measures of performance in accordance with IFRS. As the Company has yet to commence production, the equivalent historical non-GAAP financial measure is $0.

Cash Costs

Cash costs include site operating costs (mining, processing, site G&A), refinery costs and royalties.  While there is no standardized meaning of the measure across the industry, the Company believes that this measure is useful to external users in assessing operating performance.

All-In Sustaining Cost ("AISC")

Site level AISC include cash costs (see description above) and sustaining capital but excludes head office G&A and exploration expenses.  The Company believes that this measure is useful to external users in assessing operating performance and the Company's ability to generate free cash flow from current operations.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flows are revenues net of operating costs, royalties, capital expenditures and cash taxes.  The Company believes that this measure is useful to the external users in assessing the Company's ability to generate cash flows from the DeLamar Project.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION


The scientific and technical information contained in this MD&A has been reviewed and approved by E. Max Baker (F.AusIMM), Vice President Exploration, and Timothy Arnold (P.E.), Chief Operating Officer, who are a "Qualified Person" ("QP") as defined in National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE


Management and the Board recognizes the value of good corporate governance and the need to adopt best practices. The Corporation is committed to continuing to improve its corporate governance practices in light of its stage of development and evolving best practices and regulatory guidance.

The Board has adopted a Board mandate outlining its responsibilities and defining its duties. The Board has five committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee, the Technical and Safety Committee, and the Environmental Social Governance Committee. Each Committee has a committee charter, which outlines the Committee's mandate, procedures for calling a meeting, and provides access to outside resources.

The Board has also adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which governs the ethical behavior of all employees, management, and directors. For more details on the Company's corporate governance practices, please refer to Integra's website (www.integraresources.com) and the statement of Corporate Governance contained in Integra's Management Information Circular dated May 16, 2022. The Management Information Circular is available on Integra's website (www.integraresources.com) and on SEDAR (www.sedar.com).

The Corporation's Directors have expertise in exploration, metallurgy, mining, financial reporting and accounting, M&A, financing, permitting and government relations, environmental considerations, human resources, governance, and relations with tribal nations and local communities. The Board meets at least four times per year.

CONTROL AND PROCEDURES


Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that material information is gathered and reported to management, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions about public disclosure. The Company has disclosure controls and procedures in place to provide reasonable assurance that any information required to be disclosed by the Company under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the applicable time periods and that required information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, so that decisions can be made about the timely disclosure of that information.

Management has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls as of December 31, 2022 and concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting as such term is defined in the rules of the National Instrument 52-109 in Canada ("NI 52-109") and Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company's internal controls over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Company's financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

Based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, the Company's internal controls over financial reporting include:

(a) Maintaining records, that in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of the  assets of the Company;

(b) Providing reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary for preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB;

(c) Providing reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures are made in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and

(d) Providing reasonable assurance that unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Company assets that could have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements would be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Management has evaluated the effectiveness of the internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 and concluded that those controls were effective. 

Limitation of Controls and Procedures

Management believes that any disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed and operated, have their inherent limitations. Due to those limitations (resulting from unrealistic or unsuitable objectives, human judgment in decision making, human errors, management overriding internal control, circumventing controls by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, external events beyond the entity's control), internal control can only provide reasonable assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.

The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Due to the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

There were no changes in internal controls of the Company during the year ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

INFORMATION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS


Certain information set forth in this MD&A contains "forward-looking statements" or "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable Canadian and United States securities legislation (collectively, "forward-looking statements").  Forward-looking statements are included to provide information about management's current expectations and plans that allows investors and others to get a better understanding of the Company's operating environment, business operations and financial performance and condition.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited, to: statements regarding planned exploration and development programs and expenditures; the estimation of mineral resources and reserves; anticipated advancement of mineral properties and programs; future exploration prospects; proposed exploration plans and expected results of exploration from the DeLamar Project; the development, operational and economic results of the pre-feasibility study for the DeLamar and Florida Mountain Areas, including cash flows, revenue potential, staged development, capital expenditures, development costs and timing thereof, extraction rates, life of mine projections and cost estimates; opportunity to pursue  heap-leach only approach; magnitude or quality of mineral deposits; anticipated advancement of the DeLamar Project mine plan; exploration expenditures, costs and timing of the development of new deposits; underground exploration potential; costs and timing of future exploration; the completion and timing of future development studies; estimates of metallurgical recovery rates, including prospective use of the Albion process; anticipated advancement of the DeLamar Project and future exploration prospects; requirements for additional capital; Integra's ability to meet the conditions of the Convertible Facility; Integra's ability to obtain licenses, permits and regulatory approvals required to implement expected future exploration plans; government regulation of mining operations; environmental risks; the timing and possible outcome of pending regulatory matters; the realization of the expected economics of the DeLamar Project; future growth potential of the DeLamar Project; future development plans; changes in commodity prices and exchange rates; future growth potential of Integra; future development plans; and currency and interest rate fluctuations. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of words such as "may", "will", "could", "would", "anticipate", 'believe", expect", "intend", "potential", "estimate", "budget", "scheduled", "plans", "planned", "forecasts", "goals" and similar expressions.

Forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon a number of factors and assumptions made by management and considered reasonable at the time such information is provided. Assumptions and factors include: the Company's ability to complete its planned exploration programs; the absence of adverse conditions at the DeLamar Project; no unforeseen operational delays; no material delays in obtaining necessary permits; the price of gold and silver remaining at levels that render the DeLamar Project economic; the Company's ability to continue raising necessary capital to finance operations; the ability to realize on the Mineral Resource and Reserve estimates; capital and operating costs will not increase significantly from current levels or as outlined in the DeLamar Report; key personnel will continue their employment with the Company and the Company will be able to recruit and retain additional qualified personnel, as needed, in a timely and cost efficient manner; no significant adverse changes in Canada/U.S. currency exchange or interest rates and stock markets; the timely receipt of required approvals and permits, including those approvals and permits required for successful project permitting, construction and operation of projects; and that there will be no significant changes in the ability of the Company to comply with environmental, safety and other regulatory requirements.

Forward-looking statements necessarily involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual performance and financial results in future periods to differ materially from any projections of future performance or result expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: general business, economic and competitive uncertainties; the actual results of current and future exploration activities; conclusions of economic evaluations; meeting various expected cost estimates; benefits of certain technology usage; changes in project parameters and/or economic assessments as plans continue to be refined; future prices of metals; uncertain nature of estimating Mineral Resources and Reserves; possible variations of mineral grade or recovery rates; the risk that actual costs may exceed estimated costs; geological, mining and exploration technical problems; failure of plant, equipment or processes to operate as anticipated; accidents, labour disputes and other risks of the mining industry; delays in obtaining governmental approvals or financing; the speculative nature of mineral exploration and development (including the risks of obtaining necessary licenses, permits and approvals from government authorities); title to properties; the impact of COVID-19 on the timing of exploration and development work and management's ability to anticipate and manage the foregoing factors and risks. Although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause actions, events or results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual events or results to differ from those expressed or implied.  There can be no assurance that such statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements.  Certain important factors that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, among others: (i) access to additional capital; (ii) uncertainty and variations in the estimation of Mineral Resources and Reserves; (iii) health, safety and environmental risks; (iv) success of exploration, development and operations activities; (v) delays in obtaining or failure to obtain governmental permits, or non-compliance with permits; (vi) delays in getting access from surface rights owners; (vii) the fluctuating price of gold and silver; (viii) assessments by taxation authorities; (ix) uncertainties related to title to mineral properties; (x) the Company's ability to identify, complete and successfully integrate acquisitions; and (xi) volatility in the market price of Company's securities.


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect any of the Company's forward-looking statements.  Although the Company believes its expectations are based upon reasonable assumptions and have attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause actions, events or results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended.  Readers are advised to study and consider risk factors disclosed in the "Risks and Uncertainties" section above and in the Company's Form 20-F annual report for the year-ended December 31, 2022 for additional risk factors that could cause results to differ materially from forward-looking statements.

Investors are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements.  The forward-looking statements contained herein are made as of the date of this MD&A and, accordingly, are subject to change after such date.  The Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements or the foregoing list of assumptions or factors, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except in accordance with applicable securities laws.  Investors are urged to read the Company's filings with Canadian securities regulatory agencies, which can be viewed online under the Company's profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSIBILITY


Management is responsible for all information contained in this MD&A. The audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and include amounts based on management's informed judgments and estimates. The financial and operating information included in this MD&A is consistent with that contained in the audited consolidated financial statements in all material aspects.

Management maintains internal controls to provide reasonable assurance that financial information is reliable and accurate, and assets are safeguarded.

The Audit Committee has reviewed the audited consolidated financial statements with management. The Board of Directors has approved these audited consolidated financial statements on the recommendation of the Audit Committee.

George Salamis

President and CEO

March 17, 2023