On July 29, 2016, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Regeneron), which was amended in April 2019, with such amendment becoming effective in connection with Regeneron’s investment in the Company’s Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock private placement transaction in July 2019 (as amended, the Regeneron Agreement).

Agreement Structure. The Regeneron Agreement has two principal components: (a) a research collaboration component under which the parties will research, develop, and commercialize next-generation engineered gamma delta immune cell therapeutics (ICPs), namely engineered gamma delta immune cells with CARs and TCRs directed to disease-specific cell surface antigens, which includes the grant of certain licenses to intellectual property between the two parties, and (b) for a certain period following the effective date, a license to the Company to use certain of Regeneron’s proprietary mice to develop and commercialize ICPs generated by the Company, with certain limitations relating to targets under the Regeneron Agreement.

Research Collaboration. Research activities under the collaboration are governed by research plans, which include the strategy, goals, activities, and responsibilities of the parties with respect to a target. The Company is primarily responsible for generating, validating, and optimizing ICPs, developing processes for manufacture of ICPs, and certain preclinical and clinical manufacturing activities for ICPs; Regeneron’s key responsibility is generating, validating, and optimizing CARs and TCRs that bind to the applicable target. The parties have formed a joint research committee to monitor and govern the research and development efforts during the research program term.

Rights to Research Targets. Under the terms of the five-year research collaboration, the parties will conduct research on mutually agreed upon targets. Regeneron may obtain exclusive rights for the targets that it chooses in accordance with the target selection mechanism set forth in the Regeneron Agreement, and the Company similarly may obtain exclusive rights for targets it chooses in accordance with such target selection mechanism. The Company has the right to develop and commercialize ICPs to the first collaboration target to come out of the research program. In connection with an IND submission, Regeneron has an option to exercise exclusive rights for ADI-002 and potentially for additional targets to be mutually agreed upon. For those targets it does not have an option to license, Regeneron has a right of first negotiation for up to two targets. Regeneron has the right to terminate the research program in its entirety (a) for convenience on six months prior written notice given at any time after December 31, 2019, or (b) following a change of control (as defined in the Regeneron Agreement) of the Company. The parties mutually agreed to their first product declaration criteria for collaboration ICP, CD20, in 2018.

Rights to Company-Developed Targets. Regeneron has an exclusive license to use targeting moieties generated by the Company by its use of Regeneron’s proprietary mice to develop and commercialize non-ICPs.

Exclusivity. During the five-year target selection period, the Company may not directly or indirectly research, develop, manufacture or commercialize an ICP, or grant a license to do the foregoing, except pursuant to the agreement. For so long as either party is researching or developing an ICP to a target under the research program, neither party may research, develop, manufacture or commercialize any other ICP to such target, or grant a license to do the foregoing. And for so long as a party is researching, developing or commercializing an ICP to target that is licensed to it (and royalty bearing) under the agreement, neither party may research, develop, manufacture or commercialize any other ICP to such target, or grant a license to permit another party to do the foregoing. These exclusivity obligations are limited to engineered gamma delta immune cells to targets reasonably considered to have therapeutic relevance in oncology. The Regeneron Agreement includes certain exceptions to the exclusivity obligations of the parties, including with respect to targets that are rejected by one party in the target selection process, as well as protections in the event of a change of control of a party where the acquirer has a competing program.

Co-Funding and Profit Sharing. The Company has an option to co-fund specified portions of the future development costs for, and to co-promote, ICPs to a target for which Regeneron has exercised an option, and to participate in the profits for such target. The Company has the right to exercise this right in various geographic regions, including on a worldwide basis. In the event the Company exercises such right, the parties will share further development costs and revenues proportionally to their co-funding percentages.

Financial Terms. The Company received a non-refundable upfront payment of $25.0 million from Regeneron upon execution of the Regeneron Agreement, has received an aggregate of $20.0 million of additional payments for research funding from Regeneron as of December 31, 2020. In addition, Regeneron may have to pay the Company additional amounts in the future consisting of up to an aggregate of $100.0 million of option exercise fees, as specified in the Regeneron Agreement. Regeneron must also pay the Company high single digit royalties as a percentage of net sales for ICPs to targets for which it has exclusive rights, and low single digit royalties as a percentage of net sales on any non-ICP product comprising a targeting moiety generated by the Company through the use of Regeneron’s proprietary mice. The Company must pay Regeneron mid-single to low double digit, but less than teens, of royalties as a percentage of net sales of ICPs to targets for which the Company has exercised exclusive rights, and low to mid-single digit of royalties as a percentage of net sales of targeting moieties generated from the Company’s license to use Regeneron’s proprietary mice. Royalties are payable until the longer of the expiration or invalidity of the licensed patent rights or twelve (12) years from first commercial sale.

Other Terms. The Regeneron Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants by the Company and Regeneron and includes (i) an obligation of the Company to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize at least one product based on a collaboration ICP that is not an optioned collaboration ICP for each collaboration target and (ii) an obligation of Regeneron to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize at least one product based on an optioned collaboration ICP for each collaboration target. The Company and Regeneron are required to indemnify the other party against all losses and expenses related to breaches of its representations, warranties and covenants under the Regeneron Agreement.

Term and Termination. The term of the Regeneron Agreement expires, on a product-by-product basis, on the expiration of the obligation to pay royalties for such product. The Regeneron Agreement is subject to early termination by either party upon uncured material breach by the other party. The licenses to develop and commercialize an ICP to a target that one party has exclusively licensed may be terminated by such party for convenience.

Equity Investments. In connection with its collaboration, Regeneron and the Company entered into a side letter pursuant to which, among other matters, Regeneron was granted certain stockholder rights and investment rights in connection with the Company’s next equity financing that met certain criteria and in connection with an initial public offering by the Company. Regeneron exercised its investment right and purchased approximately $10.0 million of the Company’s Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock in a private placement transaction in July 2019. The remaining obligations under the side letter agreement terminated immediately prior to the Effective Time of the Merger.

The Company identified the following material promises under the Regeneron Agreement: (1) a research license, (2) a collaboration invention license, (3) a trademark license, (4) research and development services during the research term, (5) manufacturing services to manufacture collaboration ICPs for the research programs, (6) participation in the joint research committee, and (7) information sharing during the research term. The Company considered that the licenses granted under the Regeneron Agreement are not capable of being distinct and are not distinct from the research and development and manufacturing services within the context of the Regeneron Agreement, because 1) such licenses are for the research and development effort during the research term, unless Regeneron exercises its option under the Regeneron Agreement, 2) the research and development services significantly increase the utility of such licenses, and 3) research and development services require collaboration ICPs being manufactured. Specifically, the Company’s granted licenses can only provide benefit to Regeneron in combination with the Company’s research and development and manufacturing services to discover the collaboration ICPs. Similarly, the participation in the joint research committee and information sharing are not capable of being distinct and are not distinct from the research and development and manufacturing services within the context of the agreement, because the participation in the joint research committee is for monitoring and governing of the research and development efforts and the information sharing is for sharing results of such research and development efforts. Therefore, all of the promises above are combined into a single performance obligation.

The Company also evaluated whether the option provided to Regeneron represents a material right that would require separate deferral and recognition. The option exercise will provide Regeneron with a development and commercial license to develop and commercialize the optioned collaboration ICPs. The Company concluded that the $25.0 million upfront payment to the Company was not negotiated to provide incremental discount for the future option fees payable upon Regeneron’s exercise of the option.

Regeneron could decide not to exercise the option at its own discretion. The exercise of the option by Regeneron is not certain and is dependent on many factors, such as progress made on the specific option-eligible collaboration ICP, Regeneron’s overall assessment of commercial feasibility of the further research, development and commercialization of the Option products, availability and cost of alternative programs and products. The option provides Regeneron with a license for intellectual property that will be improved from the inception of the Regeneron Agreement. In addition, the option fee is significant compared to the sum total of the upfront payment and research funding fees in the original Regeneron Agreement. Therefore, the Company determined that the option provided to Regeneron does not represent a material right and that any potential exercise of the option should be accounted as a separate contract. Hence, upon the option exercise by Regeneron the option fee would be allocated to the development and commercial license which would be the only performance obligation in that separate contract and recognized as revenue when control of the license rights is transferred to Regeneron.

For revenue recognition purposes, the Company determined that the duration of the contract is the same as the research term of five years beginning on the execution of the Regeneron Agreement on July 29, 2016. The contract duration is defined as the period during which parties to the contract have present and enforceable rights and obligations. The Company determined that Regeneron faces significant in-substance penalties were it to terminate the Regeneron Agreement prior to the end of the research term.

At contract inception, the Company determined a transaction price of the Regeneron Agreement consisting of the $25.0 million upfront payment and the aggregate research funding fees payable over the research term. In order to determine the transaction price, the Company evaluated all the payments to be received during the duration of the contract. Per the terms of the original Regeneron Agreement prior to the amendment effective from July 2019, the research funding fees were payable merely due to the passage of time and therefore did not represent a variable consideration. After the amendment became effective in July 2019, certain of these fees became contingent upon meeting certain development and regulatory milestones. Therefore, the Company concluded that after the amendment such potential payments became variable consideration. The receipt of the variable consideration was subject to substantial uncertainty and was therefore excluded from the transaction price upon the effective date of the amendment. As a result, during the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $6.6 million as a reduction to cumulative revenue recognized prior to the amendment effective date. The Company will re-evaluate the transaction price if there is a significant change in facts and circumstances at least at the end of each reporting period. The Company increased the transaction price by $10.0 million in June 2020 when it achieved the milestone for the selection of a clinical candidate to the second collaboration target under the Regeneron Agreement, resulting in the recognition of an additional $5.0 million in revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2020.

The Company also considered the existence of any significant financing component within the Regeneron Agreement given its upfront payment structure. Based upon this assessment, the Company concluded that the up-front payment was provided for valid business reasons and not for the purpose of providing financing. The reason for the initial advance payment at the beginning of the contract is not to provide financing to the Company, but to ensure Regeneron’s commitment to the contract and to provide assurance that the customer will perform its obligations under the contract. Accordingly, the Company has concluded that the upfront payment structure of the Regeneron Agreement does not result in the existence of a significant financing component.

The royalty payments will be recognized when the related sales occur as they were determined to relate predominantly to the intellectual property licenses granted to Regeneron and therefore have also been excluded from the transaction price.

The Company has determined that the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time. ASC 606 requires the Company to select a single revenue recognition method for the performance obligation that depicts the Company’s performance in transferring control of the services. Accordingly, the Company utilizes a cost-based input method to measure proportional performance and to calculate the corresponding amount of revenue to recognize. The Company believes this is the best measure of progress because it reflects how the Company transfers its performance obligation to Regeneron. In applying the cost-based input method of revenue recognition, the Company uses actual costs incurred relative to budgeted costs to fulfill the combined performance obligation. These costs consist primarily of internal full-time equivalent effort and third-party contract costs. Revenue is recognized based on actual costs incurred as a percentage of total budgeted costs as the Company completes its performance obligations over the research term of five years. A cost-based input method of revenue recognition requires management to make estimates of costs to complete the Company’s performance obligations. In making such estimates, significant judgment is required to evaluate assumptions related to cost estimates. The cumulative effect of revisions to estimated costs to complete the Company’s performance obligations will be recorded in the period in which changes are identified and amounts can be reasonably estimated. A significant change in these assumptions and estimates could have a material impact on the timing and amount of revenue recognized in future periods.

The following table presents changes in the Company’s contract liabilities (in thousands):

Year ended December 31, 2020	Balance at beginning of period		Additions		Additions (Deductions) ⁽¹⁾			Balance at end of period
Contract asset	$	—	$	10,000	$	(10,000	)	$	—
Contract liability	$	21,883	$	10,000	$	(17,903	)	$	13,980

Year ended December 31, 2019	Balance at beginning of period		Additions		Additions (Deductions) ⁽¹⁾			Balance at end of period
Contract liability	$	22,878	$	—	$	(995	)	$	21,883

Contract assets are reflected as accounts receivable—related party on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company achieved the milestone for the selection of a clinical candidate to the second collaboration target under the Regeneron Agreement in June 2020 and was entitled to receive a payment of $10.0 million from Regeneron. The Company received the payment from Regeneron in July 2020.

Contract liabilities related to the Regeneron Agreement of $14.0 million and $21.9 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which was comprised of the $25.0 million upfront payment and additional $5.0 million research funding fees in each of 2017 and 2018, and $10.0 million for achievement of the milestone for the selection of a clinical candidate to the second collaboration target in June 2020, less $31.0 million and $13.1 million of license and collaboration revenue recognized from the inception of the Regeneron Agreement as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, will be recognized as the combined performance obligation is satisfied.

During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $17.9 million, $1.0 million and $8.2 million of license and collaboration revenue, respectively, from amounts included in the contract liability balances at the beginning of the period. There were no costs to obtain or fulfill the contract that meet the criteria to be capitalized.