0001213900-18-003069.txt : 20180316 0001213900-18-003069.hdr.sgml : 20180316 20180316154320 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001213900-18-003069 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-12G/A PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 5 FILED AS OF DATE: 20180316 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20180316 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: Pharos Capital BDC, Inc. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001719606 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MD FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-12G/A SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-55885 FILM NUMBER: 18695520 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 3889 MAPLE AVENUE STREET 2: SUITE 400 CITY: DALLAS STATE: TX ZIP: 75219 BUSINESS PHONE: (214) 855-0194 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 3889 MAPLE AVENUE STREET 2: SUITE 400 CITY: DALLAS STATE: TX ZIP: 75219 10-12G/A 1 f1012g2018a1_pharoscapital.htm AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO FORM 10

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2018

File No. 000-55885

 

 

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

Amendment No. 1 to

 

FORM 10

 

 

 

GENERAL FORM FOR REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES

PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

 

 

PHAROS CAPITAL BDC, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

 

 
     
Maryland   82-3059018

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or registration)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

   

3889 Maple Avenue

Suite 400

Dallas, TX

  75219
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

(214) 855 0194

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

with copies to:

Steven B. Boehm

Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP

700 Sixth Street, NW

Washington, DC 20001

(202) 383-0100

 

Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None

 

Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

(Title of class)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer     Accelerated filer  
Non-accelerated filer   ☒ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)   Smaller reporting company  
        Emerging growth company   ☒ 

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.     ☐

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Explanatory Note ii
Forward-Looking Statements iii
Item 1. Business 1
Item 1A. Risk Factors 27
Item 2. Financial Information 46
Item 3. Properties 49
Item 4. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management 49
Item 5. Directors and Executive Officers 49
Item 6. Executive Compensation 54
Item 7. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 55
Item 8. Legal Proceedings 56
Item 9. Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters 57
Item 10. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities 58
Item 11. Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered 58
Item 12. Indemnification of Directors and Officers 64
Item 13. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 65
Item 14. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 65
Item 15. Financial Statements and Exhibits 65

 

 i

 

EXPLANATORY NOTE

 

Pharos Capital BDC, Inc. is filing this registration statement on Form 10 (the “Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), on a voluntary basis in order to permit it to file an election to be regulated as a business development company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and to provide current public information to the investment community and to comply with applicable requirements in the event of the future quotation or listing of its securities on a national securities exchange or other public trading market.

In this Registration Statement, except where the context suggests otherwise:

 

    the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Company,” refer to Pharos Capital BDC, Inc.;
       
 

 

the term “Adviser” refers to Pharos Capital Group, LLC, our investment adviser; and

       
    the term “Administrator” refers to U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, our administrator.

 

The Company is an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) and the Company will take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”).

 

This Registration Statement registers shares of the Company’s common stock (“Shares,” each a “Share”), par value $0.01 per Share under the 1934 Act; however:

 

  the Company’s Shares may not be sold without the written consent of the Adviser;

 

    the Shares are not currently listed on an exchange, and it is uncertain whether they will be listed or whether a secondary market will develop;

 

    repurchases of Shares by the Company, if any, are expected to be limited; and

 

    an investment in the Company may not be suitable for investors who may need the money they invest in a specified time frame.

 

Once this Registration Statement has been deemed effective, we will be subject to the requirements of Section 13(a) of the 1934 Act, including the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, which will require us, among other things, to file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, and we will be required to comply with all other obligations of the 1934 Act applicable to issuers filing registration statements pursuant to Section 12(g) of the 1934 Act.

 

We intend to elect to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act and, upon doing so, we will become subject to the 1940 Act requirements applicable to BDCs. We are also subject to the proxy rules in Section 14 of the 1934 Act, and our directors, officers, and principal stockholders are subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 and 16 of the 1934 Act. The SEC maintains an Internet web site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains these reports.

 

 ii

 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This Registration Statement contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors and undue reliance should not be placed thereon. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about the Company, our current and prospective portfolio investments, our industry, our beliefs and opinions, and our assumptions. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,” “may,” “continue,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “targets,” “projects,” “outlook,” “potential,” “predicts” and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control and difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements, including without limitation:

 

    an economic downturn could impair our portfolio companies’ ability to continue to operate, which could lead to the loss of some or all of our investments in such portfolio companies;

 

    such an economic downturn could disproportionately impact the companies which we intend to target for investment, potentially causing us to experience a decrease in investment opportunities and diminished demand for capital from these companies;

 

    such an economic downturn could also impact availability and pricing of our financing;

 

    a contraction of available credit and/or an inability to access the equity markets could impair our lending and investment activities;

 

    interest rate volatility could adversely affect our results, particularly if we elect to use leverage as part of our investment strategy;

 

    currency fluctuations could adversely affect the results of our investments in foreign companies, particularly to the extent that we receive payments denominated in foreign currency rather than U.S. dollars;

 

    our future operating results;

 

    our business prospects and the prospects of our portfolio companies;

 

    our contractual arrangements and relationships with third parties;

 

    the ability of our portfolio companies to achieve their objectives;

 

    competition with other entities and our affiliates for investment opportunities;

 

    the speculative and illiquid nature of our investments;

 

    the use of borrowed money to finance a portion of our investments as well as any estimates regarding potential use of leverage;

 

    the adequacy of our financing sources and working capital;

 

    the loss of key personnel;

 

    the timing of cash flows, if any, from the operations of our portfolio companies;

 

    the ability of the Adviser to locate suitable investments for us and to monitor and administer our investments;

 

    the ability of the Adviser to attract and retain highly talented professionals;

 

    our ability to qualify and maintain our qualification as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and as a BDC;

 

    the effect of legal, tax and regulatory changes; and

 

    other risks, uncertainties and other factors we identify under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Registration Statement.

 

Although we believe that the assumptions on which these forward-looking statements are based are reasonable, any of those assumptions could prove to be inaccurate, and as a result, the forward-looking statements based on those assumptions also could be inaccurate. In light of these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of a projection or forward-looking statement in this Registration Statement should not be regarded as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved. These risks and uncertainties include those described or identified in the section entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Registration Statement. These forward-looking statements apply only as of the date of this Registration Statement. Moreover, we assume no duty and do not undertake to update the forward-looking statements. Because we are an investment company, the forward-looking statements and projections contained in this Registration Statement are excluded from the safe harbor protection provided by Section 21E of the 1934 Act.

 

 iii

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

 

(a) General Development of Business

 

We were formed on October 3, 2017 as a corporation under the laws of the State of Maryland. We were organized primarily to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns by investing in select high-growth companies well positioned in underserved communities with limited access to capital. We intend to execute this strategy by being a value-added partner with deep operating expertise in healthcare and seeking companies that improve patient outcomes, lower the total cost of healthcare, and/or expand access to care. We will invest primarily in mezzanine loans and convertible debt securities.

 

The Private Offering & Liquidity Options

 

We expect to conduct a private offering (collectively the “Private Offering”) of our Shares through multiple closings to investors in reliance on exemptions from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act. At the closing of any Private Offering, each investor will make a capital commitment (a “Capital Commitment”) to purchase Shares pursuant to a subscription agreement entered into with us. The initial closing (the “Initial Closing”) of the Private Offering is expected to occur in 2018. Investors will be required to fund drawdowns to purchase Shares up to the amount of their respective Capital Commitments on an as-needed basis each time we deliver a notice to the investors. Shares will be issued at the most recent quarterly net asset value per share, subject to adjustment as required by Section 23 of the 1940 Act. Any adjustments would take into account a good faith determination, by the Board or an authorized committee thereof, of changes to net asset value within 48 hours of the sale to assure compliance with Section 23(b) of the 1940 Act. Additionally, the Board is authorized to authorize the Company to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more classes or series without shareholder approval.

 

We anticipate commencing our loan origination and investment activities as soon as practicable following the initial drawdown from investors in the Private Offering (the “Initial Drawdown”) which is expected to occur in 2018. Prior to an initial public offering (“IPO”) the Adviser may, in its sole discretion, permit one or more additional closings (“Subsequent Closings”) as additional Capital Commitments are obtained (the conclusion of all Subsequent Closings, if any, the “Final Closing” and the Initial Closing, each Subsequent Closing and the Final Closing, each a “Closing”). We do not intend to impose a time limit for holding subsequent closings. See “Item 1(c). Description of Business — The Private Offering.”

 

Below is an example that illustrates the calculations for purchase of shares at a drawdown subsequent to the Initial Drawdown:

 

    On the Initial Closing Date, Investor A makes a capital commitment of $1,000,000.

 

    50% of Investor A’s capital commitment ($500,000) was called in the Initial Drawdown.

 

    At the time of the Initial Drawdown, the net asset value per share was $10.

 

    The remaining 50% of Investor A’s capital commitment ($500,000) was called in a subsequent drawdown.

 

    Initial Drawdown     Purchase Price Per Share     Shares  
Investor A   $ 500,000     $ 10.00       50,000  

 

The following table illustrates the effect of changes in the Company’s net asset value (“NAV”) per shares on the number of shares purchased in a subsequent drawdown, depending on whether the assumed net asset value per share was higher or lower than in the Initial Drawdown.

 

The calculations in the table below are hypothetical, and actual returns may be higher or lower than those appearing in the table below.

 

    Initial NAV     Hypothetical NAV at Subsequent Drawdown  
    $ 10.00     $ 15.00     $ 20.00     $ 25.00     $ 30.00  
Shares Purchased     50,000       33,333       25,000       20,000       16,666  
                                         
Total Shares Owned     100,000       83,333       75,000       70,000       66,666  

 

We may ultimately pursue an IPO or other liquidity option to create an exit option and value opportunity for shareholders. If we have not consummated an IPO or other liquidity option by the six-year anniversary of the Initial Closing, subject to extension for two additional one-year periods, in the sole discretion of our board of directors (the “Board”), the Board may determine to offer a share repurchase plan. Any Share repurchase will include numerous restrictions that limit an Investor’s ability to sell its Shares. Additionally, if we have not consummated an IPO or other liquidity option by the ten-year anniversary of the Initial Closing, subject to extension for two additional one-year periods, in the sole discretion of the Board, we may apply for exemptive relief from the SEC which, if granted, would provide a liquidity option to allow shareholders to exchange their Shares for shares of common stock in a newly formed entity (the “New BDC”) that will elect to be treated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. The New BDC will effectuate an orderly wind down. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such exemptive relief from the SEC. See “Item 1(c). Description of Business – Repurchase Offers” and “Item 1(c). Description of Business – Spin-Off Transaction.” None of the liquidity options described in this paragraph are guaranteed to occur.

 

 1 

 

BDC Election

 

We intend to elect to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. We intend to elect to be treated, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a BDC and a RIC, we will be required to comply with certain regulatory requirements. See “Item 1(c). Description of Business — Regulation as a Business Development Company” and “Item 1(c). Description of Business — Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.

 

(b) Financial Information about Industry Segments

 

Our operations comprise only a single reportable segment.

 

(c) Description of Business

 

The Company — Pharos Capital BDC, Inc.

 

Pharos Capital BDC, Inc. is a newly formed Maryland corporation organized primarily to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns by investing in select high-growth companies well positioned in underserved communities with limited access to capital. The BDC will have a core focus on the healthcare sector and will generally seek to maximize its returns by providing customized financing solutions to growing middle-market companies for internal growth, acquisitions, third party buyouts, and recapitalizations in the healthcare sector. Within the healthcare sector, we plan to target the following sub-groups: (i) healthcare providers; (ii) managed care services; (iii) behavioral health; (iv) hospice, palliative, and post-acute care; (v) wellness, disease, and/or population management; (vi) diagnostic technology and services; (vii) medical device companies with FDA-approved technology; (viii) healthcare data analytics and outcomes measurement; (ix) telemedicine; (x) value-based care; (xi) physical therapy; (xii) primary care; (xiii) oncology; and (xiv) other companies serving the healthcare sector. We will invest primarily in mezzanine loans and convertible debt securities, which are debt obligations convertible at a stated exchange rate or formula into common stock or other equity securities. We expect that the companies in our investment portfolio may be highly leveraged, and, we expect that in many cases, our investments in these companies will not be rated by any rating agency. These investments are highly speculative, and we expect that if these investments were rated, they would likely receive a rating of below investment grade, which is often referred to as “junk”. There are no specific maturity or credit rating parameters with respect to the fixed income securities in which the Company may invest.

 

Our investment objective is to generate current income, to add value beyond the capital invested, and to pursue investments in partnership with experienced management teams. To seek to achieve our investment objective, we will leverage our Adviser’s investment team’s extensive network of relationships with other sophisticated institutions to source, evaluate and, as appropriate, partner with on transactions (i.e. co-invest with non-affiliates). There are no assurances that we will achieve our investment objective. We seek to make investments in healthcare companies that improve the patient experience of care, reduce the total cost of healthcare, and possess attractive growth prospects either internally through core revenue growth or externally through acquisitions. We tailor the deal structure of each investment to meet the risk and return objectives of the Company while striking the appropriate balance with the needs of the entrepreneur and existing shareholder. We target companies that have defensible market positions, sustainable competitive advantage, and unique attributes of their business models.

 

We intend to primarily provide customized financing solutions to U.S. middle-market healthcare companies as a part of event-driven transactions such as leveraged buyouts, refinancings, recapitalizations, acquisitions, and growth capital. We define “middle-market companies” to generally mean companies with earnings before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, or “EBITDA,” of $2 million to $20 million and/or annual revenue of $10 million to $100 million at the time of investment. We may on occasion invest in smaller or larger companies if an attractive opportunity presents itself, especially when there are dislocations in the capital markets, including the high yield and large syndicated loan markets. We expect to invest between $5 and $50 million per portfolio company. From time to time, we may make contingent commitments to portfolio companies, but we will at all times have sufficient assets that, in our reasonable belief, will provide cover to allow us to satisfy all such commitments.

 

We may also invest a portion of our portfolio opportunistically in other types of investments, which will not be our primary focus, but will be intended to enhance our returns to holders of our common stock. These investments may include, but are not limited to, large U.S. companies, foreign companies, structured products or private equity. We will not invest more than 20% of our total assets in companies whose principal place of business is outside the United States, and we will not invest in emerging markets.

 

We generally intend to distribute, out of assets legally available for distribution, substantially all of our available earnings, on a quarterly basis, as determined by our Board in its discretion.

 

From time to time, we may be exposed to significant market risk. See “Item 1.A.Risk Factors —Risks Related to our Business and Structure —Risks Related to Changes in Interest Rates.” Our investment portfolio may be concentrated. We are subject to certain investment restrictions with respect to leverage and type of investments. We or our affiliates may engage in certain origination activities and receive attendant structuring or similar fees.

 

As a BDC, generally at least 70% of our assets must consist of investments in U.S. operating companies, as set forth in Section 55(a) of the 1940 Act, as described herein.

 

The Adviser — Pharos Capital Group, LLC

 

Pharos Capital Group, LLC serves as our investment adviser pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”) that we entered into with our Adviser prior to the effectiveness of this Registration Statement. Subject to the overall supervision of the Board, the Adviser will be responsible for managing our business and activities, including sourcing investment opportunities, conducting research, performing diligence on potential investments, structuring our investments, and monitoring our portfolio companies on an ongoing basis through a team of investment professionals. The founding partners of the Adviser are Kneeland Youngblood and D. Robert Crants III. The Adviser is also led by Jim Phillips, Joel Goldberg, and Anna Kovalkova. All investment decisions require the unanimous approval of the investment committee, which is currently comprised of Kneeland Youngblood, D. Robert Crants III, Jim Phillips, Joel Goldberg, and Anna Kovalkova (the “Investment Committee”).

 

 2 

 

The Board of Directors

 

Overall responsibility for the Company’s operations rests with the Board of Directors (the “Board”). The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in our operations in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and our amended and restated charter, which we refer to as our charter. The Board is currently composed of five members, three of whom are not “interested persons” of the Company or the Adviser as defined in the 1940 Act. Pursuant to our charter, the directors are divided into three classes. Directors of each class will hold office for terms ending at the third annual meeting of our shareholders after their election and when their respective successors are elected and qualify. However, the initial members of the three classes of directors have initial terms ending at the first, second and third annual meeting of our shareholders after the Initial Closing, respectively.

 

Investment Advisory Agreement

 

The description below of the Investment Advisory Agreement is only a summary and is not necessarily complete. The description set forth below is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Investment Advisory Agreement attached as an exhibit to this Registration Statement.

 

The Adviser provides management services to us pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement. Under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is responsible for the following:

 

    managing our assets in accordance with our investment objective, policies and restrictions;

 

    determining the composition of our portfolio, the nature and timing of the changes to our portfolio and the manner of implementing such changes;

 

    making investment decisions for us, including negotiating the terms of investments in, and dispositions of, portfolio securities and other instruments on our behalf;

 

    monitoring our investments;

 

    performing due diligence on prospective portfolio companies;

 

    exercising voting rights in respect of portfolio securities and other investments for us;

 

    serving on, and exercising observer rights for, boards of directors and similar committees of our portfolio companies; and

 

    providing us with such other investment advisory and related services as we may, from time to time, reasonably require for the investment of capital.

 

The Adviser’s services under the Investment Advisory Agreement are not exclusive, and it is free to furnish similar services to other entities so long as its services to us are not impaired.

 

Term

 

The Investment Advisory Agreement was approved by the Board prior to the effectiveness of this Registration Statement. Unless earlier terminated as described below, the Investment Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period of two years from the date it first becomes effective and will remain in effect from year-to-year thereafter if approved annually by a majority of the Board or by the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities and, in each case, a majority of the independent directors.

 

The Investment Advisory Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” within the meaning of the 1940 Act and related SEC guidance and interpretations. In accordance with the 1940 Act, without payment of any penalty, we may terminate the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Adviser upon 60 days’ written notice. In addition, without payment of any penalty, the Adviser may generally terminate the Investment Advisory Agreement upon 60 days’ written notice and, in certain circumstances, the Adviser may only be able to terminate the Investment Advisory Agreement upon 120 days’ written notice.

 

 3 

 

Removal of Adviser

 

The Adviser may be removed by the Board or by the affirmative vote of a Majority of the Outstanding Shares. “Majority of the Outstanding Shares” means the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the outstanding Shares present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding Shares are present or represented by proxy or (2) a majority of outstanding Shares.

 

Compensation of Adviser

 

Investment Advisory Agreement

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement we have entered into with the Adviser, we will pay the Adviser a fee for investment advisory and management services consisting of two components — a base management fee and an incentive fee. The cost of both the base management fee and the incentive fee will ultimately be borne by our shareholders.

 

Base Management Fee

 

The base management fee is payable at the beginning of each calendar quarter and calculated at an annual rate of 1.50% of the sum of all assets as of the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter, including those that may be purchased through the use of leverage, and of all uncalled capital committed to us by investors as of the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter. Uninvested cash will be included in gross assets for the purpose of calculating the base management fee. The base management fee for any partial month or quarter will be appropriately prorated.

  

Incentive Fee

 

The incentive fee, which provides the Adviser with a share of the income that the Adviser generates for us, will consist of an investment-income component and a capital-gains component, which are largely independent of each other, with the result that one component may be payable even if the other is not.

 

Investment Income Component: Under the investment income component, we will pay the Adviser each quarter an incentive fee with respect to our pre-incentive fee net investment income. The investment income component will be calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based on the pre-incentive fee net investment income for the immediately preceding fiscal quarter. Payments based on pre-incentive fee net investment income will be based on the pre-incentive fee net investment income earned for the quarter. For this purpose, “pre-incentive fee net investment income” means interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees, such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence, managerial and consulting fees or other fees we receive from portfolio companies) we accrue during the fiscal quarter, minus our operating expenses for the quarter, including the base management fee, expenses payable under the administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”) entered into between us and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (the “Administrator”), and any interest expense and dividends paid on any issued and outstanding preferred stock, but excluding the incentive fee; provided however, that pre-incentive fee net investment income shall be reduced by multiplying the pre-incentive fee net investment income earned for the quarter by a fraction, the numerator of which is our total assets (as of quarter-end) minus average daily borrowings for the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, and the denominator of which is our total assets (as of quarter-end) for the immediately preceding fiscal quarter. Pre-incentive fee net investment income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature (such as original issue discount, debt instruments with pay in kind interest and zero coupon securities), accrued income that we have not yet received in cash; provided, however, that the portion of the incentive fee attributable to deferred interest features shall be paid, only if and to the extent received in cash, and any accrual thereof shall be reversed if and to the extent such interest is reversed in connection with any write off or similar treatment of the investment giving rise to any deferred interest accrual, applied in each case in the order such interest was accrued. Such subsequent payments in respect of previously accrued income shall not reduce the amounts payable for any quarter pursuant to the calculation of the investment income component described above. Therefore, the Adviser intends only to collect an incentive fee on PIK interest that is in fact received in cash. Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not include any realized capital gains, realized capital losses or unrealized capital appreciation or depreciation.

 

 4 

 

Pre-incentive fee net investment income, expressed as a rate of return on the value of our net assets (defined as the amount of funded capital commitments from investors) at the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, will be compared to a “hurdle rate” of 2.0% per quarter (8.0% annualized). The Company shall pay the Adviser an incentive fee with respect to the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income in each calendar quarter as follows: (1) no incentive fee in any calendar quarter in which the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income does not exceed the hurdle rate of 2.0%; (2) 100% of the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income with respect to that portion of such pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than 2.5% in any calendar quarter (10.0% annualized) (the portion of the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income that exceeds the hurdle but is less than 2.5% is referred to as the “catch-up”; the “catch-up” is meant to provide the Adviser with 20.0% of the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income as if a hurdle did not apply if the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 2.5% in any calendar quarter); and (3) 20.0% of the amount of the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds 2.5% in any calendar quarter (10.0% annualized) payable to the Adviser (once the hurdle is reached and the catch-up is achieved, 20.0% of all pre-incentive fee net investment income thereafter is allocated to the Adviser). These calculations shall be appropriately pro-rated for any period of less than three months.

 

The following is a graphical representation of the calculation of the income-related portion of the incentive fee:

 

Pre-incentive fee net investment income (expressed as a percentage of the value of net assets)

 

  

Capital Gains Component: Under the capital gains component of the incentive fee, we will pay the Adviser at the end of each calendar year 20.0% of our aggregate cumulative realized capital gains from the date of our election to be regulated as a business development company through the end of that year, computed net of all aggregate cumulative realized capital losses and aggregate cumulative unrealized depreciation through the end of such year, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fees. For the foregoing purpose, our “aggregate cumulative realized capital gains” will not include any unrealized appreciation. We will accrue an incentive fee for accounting purposes taking into account any unrealized appreciation in accordance with GAAP. The capital gains component of the incentive fee is not subject to any minimum return to shareholders. If that amount is negative, then no capital gains incentive fee will be payable for such year. If the Investment Advisory Agreement is terminated as of a date that is not a calendar year end, the termination date will be treated as though it were a calendar year end for purposes of calculating and paying the capital gains incentive fee.

 

Limitations of Liability and Indemnification

 

The Adviser and its affiliates (each, an “Indemnitee”) will not be liable to us for (i) mistakes of judgment or for action or inaction that such person reasonably believed to be in our best interests absent such Indemnitee’s gross negligence, knowing and willful misconduct, or fraud or (ii) losses or expenses due to mistakes of judgment, action or inaction, or the negligence, dishonesty or bad faith of any broker or other agent of the Company who is not an affiliate of such Indemnitee, provided that such person was selected, engaged or retained without gross negligence, willful misconduct, or fraud.

 

We will indemnify each Indemnitee against any liabilities relating to our offering of our common stock or our business, operation, administration or termination, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner it believed to be in, or not opposed to, our interest and except to the extent arising out of the Indemnitee’s gross negligence, fraud or knowing and willful misconduct. We may pay the expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in defending an actual or threatened civil or criminal action in advance of the final disposition of such action, provided the Indemnitee agrees to repay those expenses if found by adjudication not to be entitled to indemnification.

 

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Board Approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement

 

The Board will hold an in-person meeting to consider and approve the Investment Advisory Agreement and related matters. The Board will be provided the information it requires to consider the Investment Advisory Agreement, including: (a) the nature, quality and extent of the advisory and other services to be provided to us by the Adviser; (b) comparative data with respect to advisory fees or similar expenses paid by other BDCs with similar investment objectives; (c) our projected operating expenses and expense ratio compared to BDCs with similar investment objectives; (d) any existing and potential sources of indirect income to the Adviser from its relationship with us and the profitability of that relationship; (e) information about the services to be performed and the personnel performing such services under the Investment Advisory Agreement; (f) the organizational capability and financial condition of the Adviser and its affiliates; (g) the Adviser’s practices regarding the selection and compensation of brokers that may execute our portfolio transactions and the brokers’ provision of brokerage and research services to the Adviser; and (h) the possibility of obtaining similar services from other third-party service providers or through an internally managed structure.

 

The Board, including a majority of independent directors, will oversee and monitor the investment performance and, beginning with the second anniversary of the effective date of the Investment Advisory Agreement, will annually review the compensation we pay to the Adviser to determine that the provisions of the Investment Advisory Agreement are carried out.

 

Administration Agreement

 

The description below of the Administration Agreement is only a summary and is not necessarily complete. The description set forth below is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Administration Agreement attached as an exhibit to this Registration Statement.

 

Under the terms of the Administration Agreement, the Administrator will perform, or oversee the performance of, required administrative services, which includes maintaining financial records, preparing reports to shareholders and reports filed with the SEC, and managing the payment of expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered by others. We will reimburse the Administrator for services performed for us pursuant to the terms of the Administration Agreement. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Administration Agreement, the Administrator may delegate its obligations under the Administration Agreement to an affiliate or to a third party and we will reimburse the Administrator for any services performed for us by such affiliate or third party.

 

Our Board approves the Administration Agreement on an annual basis. In connection with such approval the Board, including a majority of independent directors, reviews the compensation we pay to the Administrator to determine that the provisions of the Administration Agreement are carried out satisfactorily and to determine, among other things, whether the expenses payable under the Administration Agreement are reasonable in light of the services provided. The Board also reviews the methodology employed in determining how the expenses are allocated to us and the proposed allocation of administrative expenses among us and our affiliates. The Board then assesses the reasonableness of such reimbursements for expenses allocated to us based on the breadth, depth and quality of such services. The Board also considers the possibility of obtaining such services from a different third-party and whether any other third-party service provider would be capable of providing all such services at comparable cost and quality. Finally, the Board compares the total amount paid to the Administrator for such services as a percentage of our net assets to the same ratio as reported by other comparable BDCs.

 

The Administration Agreement has been approved by the Board. Unless earlier terminated as described below, the Administration Agreement will remain in effect for a period of two years from the date it becomes first effective and will remain in effect from year to year thereafter if approved annually by a majority of the Board or by the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities and, in each case, a majority of the independent directors.

 

We may terminate the Administration Agreement, without payment of any penalty, upon 60 days’ written notice. The decision to terminate the agreement may be made by a majority of the Board or shareholders holding a majority of the outstanding Shares. In addition, the Administrator may terminate the Administration Agreement, without payment of any penalty, upon 60 days’ written notice.

 

Payment of Our Expenses under the Investment Advisory and Administration Agreements

 

Except as specifically provided below, we anticipate that all investment professionals and staff of the Adviser, when and to the extent engaged in providing investment advisory and management services to us, and the base compensation, bonus and benefits, and the routine overhead expenses, of such personnel allocable to such services, will be provided and paid for by the Adviser. We will bear our allocable portion of the compensation paid by the Adviser (or its affiliates) to our chief compliance officer and chief financial officer and their respective staffs (based on a percentage of time such individuals devote, on an estimated basis, to our business affairs). We will also bear all other costs and expenses of our operations, administration and transactions, including, but not limited to (i) investment advisory fees, including management fees and incentive fees, to the Adviser, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement; (ii) our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Adviser in performing its administrative obligations under the Investment Advisory Agreement and by the Administrator in performing its administrative obligations under the Administration Agreement, and (iii) all other expenses of our operations and transactions including, without limitation, those relating to:

 

    the cost of our organization and this offering;

 

    the cost of calculating our net asset value, including the cost of any third-party valuation services;

 

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    the cost of effecting any sales and repurchases of our common stock and other securities;

 

    fees and expenses payable under any dealer manager agreements, if any;

 

    debt service and other costs of borrowings or other financing arrangements;

 

    costs of hedging;

 

    expenses, including travel expense, incurred by the Adviser and related personnel, or payable to third parties, performing due diligence on prospective portfolio companies and, if necessary, enforcing our rights;

 

    transfer agent and custodial fees;

 

    fees and expenses associated with marketing efforts;

 

    federal and state registration fees, any stock exchange listing fees and fees payable to rating agencies;

 

    federal, state and local taxes;

 

    independent directors’ fees and expenses including certain travel expenses;

 

    costs of preparing financial statements and maintaining books and records and filing reports or other documents with the SEC (or other regulatory bodies) and other reporting and compliance costs, including registration and listing fees, and the compensation of professionals responsible for the preparation of the foregoing;

 

    the costs of any reports, proxy statements or other notices to shareholders (including printing and mailing costs), the costs of any shareholder or director meetings and the compensation of investor relations personnel responsible for the preparation of the foregoing and related matters;

 

    commissions and other compensation payable to brokers or dealers;

 

    research and market data;

 

    fidelity bond, directors and officers errors and omissions liability insurance and other insurance premiums;

 

    direct costs and expenses of administration, including printing, mailing, long distance telephone and staff;

 

    fees and expenses associated with independent audits, outside legal and consulting costs;

 

    costs of winding up;

 

    costs incurred in connection with the formation or maintenance of entities or vehicles to hold our assets for tax or other purposes;

 

    extraordinary expenses (such as litigation or indemnification); and

 

    costs associated with reporting and compliance obligations under the 1940 Act and applicable federal and state securities laws.

 

Fees and Expenses

 

The table below provides information about the Company’s estimated annual operating expenses during a typical twelve month period, expressed as a percentage of average net assets attributable to common stock. The percentages indicated in the table below are estimates and may vary.

 

Base Management Fee (1)     2.25 %
Incentive Fee (2)      
Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds (3)     2.00 %
Other Expenses (4)     0.86 %
Total Annual Expenses     5.11 %

 

(1)  Amount assumes that we have average net assets of $300 million during the following twelve months and that we borrow funds equal to 50% of our average net assets during such period. The base management fee will be payable quarterly in arrears and calculated at an annual rate of 1.50% based on a percentage of the sum of all assets as of the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter and of all uncalled capital committed to us by investors as of the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter. The percentage indicated in this fee table is higher than the contractual rate because the base management fee included in the table is shown as a percentage of net assets.

 

(2)  For purposes of this chart, we have assumed that no incentive fee will be paid in the twelve-month period.

 

(3)  We intend to borrow funds to make investments. To the extent that we determine it is appropriate to borrow funds to make investments, the costs associated with such borrowing will be indirectly borne by our investors. The figure in the table assumes we borrow for investment purposes an amount equal to 50% of our average net assets (including such borrowed funds) during the twelve month period and that the annual interest rate on the amount borrowed is 4.0%. We may borrow additional funds from time to time to make investments to the extent we determine that the economic situation is conducive to doing so.

 

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(4)  Other expenses include, but are not limited to, accounting, legal and auditing fees, as well as the reimbursement of the compensation of administrative personnel and fees payable to our directors who do not also serve in an executive officer capacity for us or the Adviser. The amount presented in the table reflects estimated amounts we expect to pay during a typical twelve month period.

 

Finder’s Agreements

 

We have retained certain third parties to find potential investors (each a “Finder”). If an investor purchases through a Finder, we and/or such investor may be subject to finder-related fees, the arrangements of which are set forth in detail in our Private Placement Memorandum.

 

License Agreement

 

We entered into a license agreement (the “License Agreement”) with Pharos Capital Group, LLC, pursuant to which Pharos Capital Group, LLC granted us a non-exclusive license to use the name “Pharos.” Under the License Agreement, we have a right to use the Pharos name for so long as the Adviser or one of its affiliates remains our investment adviser. Other than with respect to this limited license, we have no legal right to the “Pharos” name or logo.

 

Market Opportunity

 

We believe that there is a substantial opportunity for a BDC focused on providing growth capital and other equity financing to middle-market healthcare companies in underserved areas and investing with entrepreneurs who traditionally have had less access to institutional investors. The middle-market lending environment will allow us to meet our goal of making investments that generate above market risk-adjusted returns as a result of a combination of the following factors:

 

Limited Availability of Capital for Middle-Market Companies. We believe that regulatory and structural changes in the market have reduced the amount of capital available to middle-market companies. Specifically, the Basel III accord, the adoption of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and recent leveraged lending guidelines and regulations implemented by the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation are expected to significantly increase capital and liquidity requirements for banks, decreasing their capacity and appetite to originate and/or hold non-investment grade loans on their balance sheets. In addition, the number of lenders serving the middle-market has declined as traditional participants, such as commercial banks and specialty finance companies, have consolidated and are pursuing larger opportunities and as many non-traditional lenders, often referred to as the “shadow banking sector” (e.g., hedge funds, private equity funds, mezzanine funds and structured vehicles) have struggled with illiquidity, been unable to satisfy investor expectations, or otherwise exited the market. Finally, while the institutional leveraged loan and high-yield bond markets have enjoyed significant investor interest in the past several years, middle-market companies are unable to access those markets as they fail to meet the size and liquidity requirements imposed by the institutional investor community.

 

Robust Demand for Debt Capital. We believe nearly 200,000 middle-market companies will continue to require access to debt capital to refinance existing debt, support growth and finance acquisitions. In addition, we believe the large amount of uninvested capital held by private equity funds will continue to drive deal activity. We expect that private equity firms will continue to pursue acquisitions and to seek to leverage their equity investments with debt provided by companies such as us.

 

Compelling Investment Dynamics. We believe that the imbalance between the supply of, and demand for, middle-market debt capital creates transaction dynamics that offer opportunities to make investments with attractive risk-adjusted rates of return. In addition to commanding higher pricing, principally due to illiquidity, the directly negotiated nature of middle-market financings generally provides for more favorable terms to the lender, including more conservative leverage, stronger covenants and reporting packages, better call protection, and more restrictive change-of-control provisions. In addition, middle-market companies often have simpler capital structures than those of larger borrowers, which we believe facilitates a streamlined underwriting process and improves returns to lenders during a restructuring process.

 

Disparate Financing Needs. Middle-market borrowers’ needs vary considerably based on company- or industry-specific circumstances. We believe that the number of capital providers with the capabilities and flexibility of mandate to deliver tailored “one-stop” solutions addressing the idiosyncratic needs of the market remains limited. We believe that the Adviser’s experience in designing and investing in custom solutions across the capital structure, positions us as a desirable lending partner to middle-market companies and their sponsors.

 

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Distinctive Lender Capabilities. Lending to middle-market companies requires specialized due diligence and underwriting capabilities, as well as extensive ongoing monitoring. Middle-market lending also is generally more labor-intensive than lending to larger companies due to smaller investment sizes and the lack of publicly available information on these companies. We believe the Adviser’s experience positions us more strongly to lend to middle-market companies than many other capital providers.

 

Competitive Strengths

 

We believe that the Adviser’s disciplined approach to origination, fundamental credit analysis, portfolio construction and risk management should allow us to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns while preserving our capital. We believe that it represents an attractive investment opportunity for the following reasons:

 

Experienced Investment Team. The five most senior investment professionals at the Adviser have worked together as a team for over 20 years. Over that period, the Adviser has developed a proven, proprietary strategy to (i) generate preferential deal flow in its target markets, (ii) effectively review and process investment opportunities, (iii) monitor and add value to its portfolio holdings, and (iv) execute the appropriate exit option to maximize return for investors. We believe this experience provides the Adviser with an in-depth understanding of the strategic, financial and operational challenges and opportunities of middle-market companies. Further, we believe this positions the Adviser to effectively identify, assess and select quality investments while also enabling it to monitor and provide managerial assistance to our portfolio companies.

 

Distinctive Origination Platform. We anticipate that a majority of our investments will not be intermediated and will be originated without the assistance of investment banks or other traditional Wall Street sources. The Adviser is responsible for originating, underwriting, executing and managing the assets of our direct lending transactions and for sourcing and executing opportunities directly. The Adviser’s investment professionals have significant experience as transaction originators and executing direct calling campaigns on companies based on the Adviser’s sector and macroeconomic views.

 

The Adviser also maintains direct contact with financial sponsors, banks, corporate advisory firms, industry consultants, attorneys, investment banks, “club” investors and other potential sources of lending opportunities. By sourcing through multiple channels, we believe we are able to generate investment opportunities that have more attractive risk-adjusted return characteristics than by relying solely on origination flow from investment banks or other intermediaries.

 

Disciplined, Income-Orientated Investment Philosophy. The Adviser will employ a defensive investment approach focused on long-term credit performance and principal protection. This investment approach will involve a multi-stage selection process for each investment opportunity as well as ongoing monitoring of each investment made, with particular emphasis on early detection of credit deterioration. This strategy is designed to achieve optimized risk adjusted returns.

 

Active Portfolio Monitoring. The Adviser intends to closely monitor the investments in the portfolio and take a proactive approach to identifying and addressing sector or company risks, as well as to monitor the financial information of each portfolio company through monthly and/or weekly reporting. The Adviser will receive and review detailed financial information from portfolio companies no less than quarterly in addition to maintaining regular dialogue with company management teams regarding current and forecasted performance.

 

Expertise Across All Levels of the Corporate Capital Structure. We believe that the Adviser’s broad expertise and experience at all levels of a company’s capital structure will afford it numerous tools to manage risk while preserving the opportunity for attractive returns on our investments. The Adviser will attempt to capitalize on this expertise in an effort to produce and maintain an investment portfolio that will perform in a broad range of economic conditions.

 

Investment Selection

 

The Adviser has identified the following investment criteria and guidelines that it believes are important in evaluating prospective portfolio companies. However, not all of these criteria and guidelines, either individually or collectively, will be met in connection with each of our investments.

 

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Established Companies with Positive Cash Flow and Profitability. For management buyouts and recapitalizations, the Adviser will generally seek out profitable, middle-market companies with rapid top-line growth independent of leverage. For growth and expansion investments, the Adviser expects to target companies that are EBITDA-positive, such that the company will not be dependent upon additional outside capital going forward. The Adviser believes that it is essential to have a clear understanding of the funding needs required for internal growth, capital spending, potential acquisitions, and eventual liquidity scenarios. As the portfolio companies grow, the Adviser will seek to ensure that each company has sufficient capital to execute its plan for value creation.

 

Strong Competitive Position in Industry. The Adviser will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of target companies relative to their competitors in the healthcare industry, and seeks to select investments in healthcare companies that improve the patient experience of care (including quality and satisfaction), reduce the total cost of healthcare, and possess attractive growth prospects either internally through core revenue growth or externally through acquisitions. The Adviser seeks to select investments in companies that have defensible market positions, sustainable competitive advantage, and unique attributes to their business model.

 

Experienced Management Team. We seek to invest in companies that have strong management teams with significant industry experience and a proven track record of executing strategic business plans. We strongly believe in having an alignment of interests with management teams and expect to see management hold a significant level of ownership.

 

Exit Strategy. The Adviser prefers to select investments in portfolio companies that have several viable exit strategies. These exits may involve a financial buyer, an IPO, a recapitalization, or a sale to a strategic purchaser. In the experience of the Adviser, the most successful exits are typically the direct result of growth in enterprise sales, sustained increases in profitability, and enhanced competitive position.

 

Investments in Different Portfolio Companies. We will seek to invest broadly among portfolio companies in the healthcare industry, thereby potentially reducing the risk of any one company having a disproportionate impact on the value of our portfolio, however there can be no assurances in this regard. Within the healthcare sector, we plan to target the following sub-groups: (i) healthcare providers; (ii) managed care services; (iii) behavioral health; (iv) hospice, palliative, and post-acute care; (v) wellness, disease, and/or population management; (vi) diagnostic technology and services; (vii) medical device companies with FDA-approved technology; (viii) healthcare data analytics and outcomes measurement; (ix) telemedicine; (x) value-based care; (xi) physical therapy; (xii) primary care; (xiii) oncology; and (xiv) other companies serving the healthcare sector.

 

Predictable Risk Exposure. From its considerable investment experience, the Adviser has developed a keen understanding of the various regulatory, market, and technology risks prevalent in the healthcare sector. These risks include government healthcare reimbursement rate changes, patient demographic shifts, market consolidation trends, and various other factors that the Adviser has navigated successfully throughout its history.

 

Investment Process Overview

 

Deal Log. When a new investment opportunity (“Deal”) is sourced by an Adviser professional (the “Deal Lead”), the Deal Lead will record the Deal into the Adviser Deal Log. Upon review of the available materials provided on the Deal, the Deal Lead elects to either pass or move forward to the next stage.

 

Deal Sheet. The Deal Lead completes our proprietary Deal Sheet, which summarizes the Deal in a standardized form and asks initial questions covering management, strategy, source, risk management, and structure. This produces a score based on the question responses. The Deal Lead then presents at the internal weekly meeting (which includes all investment professionals.) A majority approval vote of the investment professionals is required to move the Deal forward to the next stage.

 

Management Meeting. The Deal Lead gathers three to five investment professionals (the “Deal Team”) who will have primary responsibility for completing the due diligence. The Deal Team meets with the company’s management (typically at the company’s headquarters), collects additional company information, and completes an initial background check on the managers. If the Deal Lead is still interested in pursuing the Deal following the site visit with the management team and initial gathering of information, the Deal advances to the next stage.

 

Financial Due Diligence. The company management is presented with the Adviser’s Financial Due Diligence request that encompasses both historical and projected financial results, including the company’s detailed financial model in a fully dynamic format. The Deal Team completes the bulk of the due diligence process, including market analysis, review of competition, financial analysis, and sensitivity analysis, and develops a detailed report based on variable projected company results as well as proposed deal structures. Once this work is completed, the Deal moves to the next stage.

 

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Term Sheet. The Deal Lead commits to proceeding and composes a draft Term Sheet, distributes it to the Adviser’s investment professionals, and places it on the agenda for discussion at the Adviser’s weekly meeting. The Deal Team presents the results of the due diligence and financial analysis and makes a recommendation to move forward with a Term Sheet. A majority vote from the attendees at the meeting is required to approve the Term Sheet and move forward with the Deal.

 

Completion of Due Diligence/Negotiation of Terms. The Deal Lead presents the approved Term Sheet to the company management and then leads the negotiations that follow. The Deal Team completes the due diligence process, including executing detailed management background checks, collecting any outstanding items requested from the company, gathering information on any items from the Due Diligence Questionnaire that have not yet been addressed and completing any third-party due diligence that has not yet been finalized. Once the due diligence process and the Term Sheet negotiations have been satisfactorily completed, the Deal advances to the next step.

 

Investment Committee. The Deal Team distributes the final, negotiated Term Sheet to the Adviser’s investment professionals and places it on the agenda for discussion at the weekly meeting. At the meeting, the final results of the Team’s due diligence are discussed, final negotiated terms and conditions are reviewed, and the Deal Lead makes a recommendation on whether to close the Deal. A unanimous vote from the Adviser’s Investment Committee is required to move forward with the closing.

 

Closing. Upon approval of the Investment Committee, the Deal Team prepares closing documents and closes the deal.

 

Structure of Investments

 

Our investment objective is to generate current income, to add value beyond the capital invested, and to pursue investments in partnership with experienced management teams.

 

Debt Investments. The terms of our debt investments are tailored to the facts and circumstances of each transaction. The

Adviser will negotiate the structure of each investment to protect our rights and manage our risk. We intend to invest in the following types of debt:

 

 

 

Convertible debt. The Company will invest in convertible securities, including bonds, debentures, corporate notes, preferred stock or other securities which may be exchanged or converted into a predetermined number of the issuer’s underlying equity securities during a specified time period. Prior to their conversion, convertible securities have the same overall characteristics as non-convertible debt securities insofar as they generally provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of equity securities of the same or similar issuers. Convertible debt securities are debt obligations convertible at a stated exchange rate or formula into common stock or other equity securities. Convertible securities rank senior to equity securities in an issuer’s capital structure. They are of a higher credit quality and entail less risk than an issuer’s equity securities, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security.

 

The market value of a convertible security may be viewed as comprised of two components: its “investment value,” which is its value based on its yield without regard to its conversion feature; and its “conversion value,” which is its value attributable to the underlying equity security obtainable on conversion. The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates and the yield of similar non-convertible securities, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decrease. The conversion value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in the market price of the underlying common stock. If, because of a low price of the underlying equity security, the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying equity security approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value, and the convertible security may sell at a premium over its conversion value to the extent investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying equity security while holding a fixed income security.

 

A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest that is generally paid or accrued until the convertible security matures, or is redeemed, converted, or exchanged. Convertible securities have unique investment characteristics, in that they generally (i) have higher yields than equity securities, but lower yields that comparable non-convertible securities, (ii) are less subject to fluctuation in value than the underlying equity securities due to their fixed income characteristics, and (iii) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying equity securities increases. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing documents. If a convertible security held by the Company is called for redemption, the Company will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying equity security, or sell it to a third party. Any of these actions could result in losses to the Company.

 

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    Mezzanine debt. Structurally, mezzanine debt usually ranks subordinate in priority of payment to first-lien and second-lien debt, is often unsecured, and may not have the benefit of financial covenants common in first-lien and second-lien debt. However, mezzanine debt ranks senior to common and preferred equity in an issuer’s capital structure. Mezzanine debt investments generally offer lenders fixed returns in the form of interest payments and will often provide lenders an opportunity to participate in the capital appreciation, if any, of an issuer through an equity interest. This equity interest typically takes the form of an equity co-investment or warrants. Due to its higher risk profile and often less restrictive covenants compared to senior secured loans, mezzanine debt generally bears a higher stated interest rate than first-lien and second-lien debt.

 

Our debt investments will typically be structured with the maximum seniority and collateral that we can reasonably obtain while seeking to achieve our total return target. The Adviser seeks to limit the downside potential of our investments by:

 

    requiring a total return on our investments (including both interest and potential equity appreciation) that compensates us for credit risk;

 

    negotiating covenants in connection with our investments consistent with preservation of our capital, including restrictions such as affirmative covenants (including reporting requirements), negative covenants, change of control provisions and board rights (including either observation or rights to a seat on the board under some circumstances), close monitoring of the financial information of each portfolio company through monthly and/or weekly reporting; and

 

 

including debt amortization requirements, where appropriate, to require the timely repayment of principal of the loan, as well as appropriate maturity dates.

 

Within our portfolio, the Adviser aims to maintain the appropriate proportion among the various types of first-lien loans, as well as second-lien debt and mezzanine debt, to allow us to achieve our target returns while maintaining our targeted amount of credit risk. We may also invest in original issue discount or “payment-in-kind” (“PIK”) interest. We expect that the companies in our investment portfolio may be highly leveraged, and, we expect that in many cases, our investments in these companies will not be rated by any rating agency. These investments are highly speculative, and we expect that if these investments were rated, they would likely receive a rating of below investment grade, which is often referred to as “junk”. Additionally, we may seek to hedge against interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations and credit risk by using structured financial instruments such as futures, options, swaps and forward contracts, subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act.

 

Direct Equity Investments. Our investment in a portfolio company may secondarily include equity-related securities such as warrants, preferred stock and similar forms of senior equity, which may or may not be converted into a portfolio company’s common equity. Our equity investments typically will be completed in conjunction with a debt investment in a portfolio company. We expect that market capitalization of these investments to range from $10 to $200 million. We may seek direct investments in private companies. There is a large market among emerging private companies for equity capital investments. Many of these companies lack the necessary cash flow to sustain substantial amounts of debt, and therefore have viewed equity capital as a more attractive long-term financing tool. We seek to be a source of such equity capital as a means of investing in these companies and look for opportunities to invest alongside other venture capital and private equity investors with whom we have established relationships.

 

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Competition

 

Our primary competitors in providing financing to middle-market companies include public and private funds, other BDCs, commercial finance companies and, to the extent they provide an alternative form of financing, private equity and hedge funds. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical, and marketing resources than we do. Some competitors may have access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than us. Further, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a business development company, or to the distribution and other requirements we must satisfy to maintain our RIC status. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors — Risk Relating to Our Business and Structure — Competition for Investments.”

 

Term

 

Prior to an IPO, if the Board determines that there has been a significant adverse change in the regulatory or tax treatment of the Company or our shareholders that in its judgment makes it inadvisable for the Company to continue in its present form, then the Board will endeavor to restructure or change the form of the Company to preserve (insofar as possible) the overall benefits previously enjoyed by our shareholders as a whole or, if the Board determines it appropriate (and subject to any necessary shareholder approvals and applicable requirements of the 1940 Act), (i) cause the Company to change its form and/or jurisdiction of organization or (ii) liquidate and dissolve the Company.

 

If we have not consummated an IPO or other liquidity option by the six-year anniversary of the Initial Closing, subject to extension for two additional one-year periods, in the sole discretion of the Board, the Board (subject to any necessary shareholder approvals and applicable requirements of the 1940 Act) may determine to offer repurchases of capital accounts on a quarterly basis or on some other basis. The repurchases may be limited to 2% of the total value of the fund. To the extent greater than 2% is sought to be repurchased, repurchases will be prorated. See “Repurchase Offers.

 

Additionally, if we have not consummated an IPO or other liquidity option by the ten-year anniversary of the Initial Closing, subject to extension for two additional one-year periods, in the sole discretion of the Board, we may apply for exemptive relief from the SEC which, if granted, would provide a liquidity option to allow shareholders to exchange their common Shares for shares of common stock in a newly formed entity (the “New BDC”) that will elect to be treated as a BDC under the 1940 Act, and that will effectuate an orderly wind down. See “Spin-Off Transaction.”

 

In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each Share would be entitled to share ratably in all of our assets that are legally available for distribution after we paid or otherwise provide for all debts and other liabilities and subject to any preferential rights of holders of our preferred stock, if any preferred stock is outstanding at such time. For the purposes of this paragraph, a merger or consolidation of the Company with or into any other corporation or other entity, or a sale or conveyance of all or any part of our property or assets will not be deemed to be a dissolution, liquidation or winding up, voluntary or involuntary.

 

Emerging Growth Company

 

We are an emerging growth company as defined in the JOBS Act and we are eligible to take advantage of certain specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”). Although we have not made a determination whether to take advantage of any or all of these exemptions, we expect to remain an emerging growth company for up to five years following the completion of our IPO or until the earliest of (i) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1.0 billion, (ii) December 31 of the fiscal year that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the 1934 Act which would occur if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter and we have been publicly reporting for at least 12 months or (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the preceding three-year period. In addition, we will take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the 1933 Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards.

 

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Dividend Reinvestment Plan

 

We have adopted a dividend reinvestment plan, pursuant to which we will reinvest all cash dividends declared by the Board on behalf of our shareholders who elect to have their dividends reinvested. As a result, if the Board authorizes, and we declare, a cash dividend or other distribution, then our shareholders who have opted in to our dividend reinvestment plan will have their cash distributions automatically reinvested in additional Shares as described below, rather than receiving the cash dividend or other distribution. Any fractional Share otherwise issuable to a participant in the dividend reinvestment plan will instead be paid in cash.

 

The number of Shares to be issued to a shareholder under the dividend reinvestment plan will be determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the distribution payable to such shareholder by the net asset value per Share, as of the last day of our calendar quarter immediately preceding the date such distribution was declared. We intend to use newly issued Shares to implement the plan.

 

No action is required on the part of a registered shareholder to have his, her, or its dividend or other distribution issued in cash. A registered shareholder is able to elect to have his, her, or its dividend reinvested pursuant to the plan by notifying the Adviser in writing so that such notice is received by the Adviser no later than ten days prior to the record date for distributions to the shareholders.

 

There are no brokerage charges or other charges to shareholders who participate in the plan.

 

The plan is terminable by us upon notice in writing mailed to each shareholder of record at least 30 days prior to any record date for the payment of any distribution by us.

 

Repurchase Offers

 

If we have not consummated an IPO or other liquidity option by the six-year anniversary of the Initial Closing, subject to extension for two additional one-year periods, in the sole discretion of the Board, the Board (subject to any necessary shareholder approvals and applicable requirements of the 1940 Act) may determine to commence a share repurchase program on a quarterly basis to allow shareholders to tender their Shares at a price equal to the current net offering price per Share in effect on each date of repurchase. Any Share repurchase will include numerous restrictions that limit an Investor’s ability to sell its Shares.

 

We will conduct any repurchase offers in accordance with Section 23(c) of the 1940 Act and Rule 13e-4 under the 1934 Act. Subject to the discretion of the Board, repurchases may be limited to 2% of the weighted average number of Shares outstanding in the prior 12-month period. A shareholder may tender all of the Shares that it owns. To the extent that the number of Shares tendered to the Company pursuant to a Share repurchase exceeds the number of Shares that the Company is able to purchase, the Company will repurchase Shares on a pro rata basis. There is no repurchase priority for an Investor under the circumstances of death or disability of any shareholder. Further, the Company will have no obligation to repurchase Shares if the repurchase would violate the restrictions on distributions under federal law or Maryland law. Any share repurchase program will have many limitations, including the limitations described above, and should not in any way be viewed as the equivalent of a secondary market. Any periodic repurchase offers will be subject in part to the Company’s available cash and compliance with the RIC qualification and diversification rules and the 1940 Act. Shareholders will not pay a fee to the Company in connection with any repurchase of Shares under the share repurchase program.

 

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Spin-Off Transaction

 

If we have not consummated an IPO or other liquidity option by the ten-year anniversary of the Initial Closing, subject to extension for two additional one-year periods in the sole discretion of the Board, we may apply for exemptive relief from the SEC which, if granted, would provide a liquidity option to allow shareholders to exchange their Shares for shares of common stock in a newly formed entity (the “New BDC”) that will elect to be treated as a BDC under the 1940 Act, and that will effectuate an orderly wind down. Shareholders would also be able to retain some or all of their existing Shares and investments in the Company and to receive distributions in the ordinary course. In order to effectuate this option, the Company expects it would need to, among other things, transfer to the New BDC, in exchange for newly issued shares of the New BDC, a pro rata portion of its assets and liabilities corresponding to the aggregate net asset value of the shares of the shareholders that have elected to invest in the New BDC and thereafter exchange the New BDC shares received for the Shares of the electing shareholders. Such transfer of assets and liabilities and the mechanics relating thereto are referred to herein as the “Spin-Off”.

 

Because the Adviser would be managing both the Company and the New BDC, and the 1940 Act prohibits entities under common control from engaging in certain transactions, the Company will be required to rely on obtaining exemptive relief from the SEC to permit the transfer of assets from the Company to the New BDC, as well as with respect to other aspects relating to the Spin-Off. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain such exemptive relief from the SEC. Assuming the Company is able to obtain exemptive relief, the Board will then make the determination as to if and when it is appropriate to effectuate the Spin-Off. Upon the execution of the Spin-Off, the Company would effectively be divided into two separate BDCs. The Company will continue to operate as an externally managed BDC and to conduct private offerings to raise capital and, in connection therewith, accept other subscription agreements from current and new shareholders wishing to invest in the Company. If we are unable to execute the Spin-Off, then we will continue our operations in the manner otherwise set forth in this Registration Statement. Therefore, we may not ultimately engage in the Spin-Off transaction. Shareholders should not assume or rely upon any expectation that we will execute a Spin-Off transaction.

 

Employees

 

We do not currently have any employees and do not expect to have any employees. Our day-to-day investment and administrative operations will be managed by the Adviser and the Administrator. The Adviser’s Investment Committee is supported by a team of additional experienced investment professionals. The Adviser and the Administrator may hire additional investment and administrative professionals in the future to provide services to us, based upon our needs. See “ — Investment Advisory Agreement” and “ — Administration Agreement.”

 

In addition, we will reimburse the Administrator for its costs and expenses and our allocable portion of overhead incurred by it in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including compensation paid to or compensatory distributions received by our officers (including our Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Financial Officer) and any of their respective staff who provide services to us, operations staff who provide services to us, and any internal audit staff, to the extent internal audit performs a role in our Sarbanes-Oxley internal control assessment. See “ — Administration Agreement.”

 

The Private Offering

 

We expect to enter into separate subscription agreements with investors providing for the private placement of Shares pursuant to the Private Offering. Pursuant to each subscription agreement, each investor will make a Capital Commitment to purchase Shares. Investors will be required to make capital contributions to purchase Shares each time we deliver a drawdown notice, which will be issued based on our anticipated investment activities and capital needs, in an aggregate amount not to exceed each investor’s respective Capital Commitment. We will deliver drawdown requests at least ten business days prior to the required funding date. All purchases of our common stock will generally be made pro rata in accordance with remaining Capital Commitments of all investors, at a per-share price equal to the net asset value per Share subject to any adjustments. Any adjustments to the per-share price would take into account a good faith determination, by the Board or an authorized committee thereof, of changes to net asset value within 48 hours of the sale to assure compliance with Section 23(b) of the 1940 Act.

 

Additionally, the Company may issue debt securities, other evidences of indebtedness or preferred stock, and may borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, which are referred to collectively herein as ‘senior securities,’ up to the maximum amount permitted by the 1940 Act.

 

At the earlier of (i) an IPO and (ii) the end of the Commitment Period, shareholders will be released from any further obligation to fund drawdowns and purchase additional Shares, except in connection with any obligations relating to follow-on investments and fees and expenses of the BDC. The “Commitment Period” will continue until the six-year anniversary of the Initial Closing; provided, however, that the Commitment Period for any shareholder that makes its initial Capital Commitment after the two-year anniversary of the Initial Closing will extend until the three-year anniversary of such shareholder’s initial capital commitment. Prior to an IPO, no investor who participated in the Private Offering will be permitted to sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of its Shares or capital commitment unless (i) the Adviser provides its prior written consent and the transfer is otherwise made in accordance with applicable law, or (ii) in connection with any share repurchase program, if applicable. See “Repurchase Offers.”

 

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If, during the Commitment Period, Kneeland Youngblood and D. Robert Crants III (i) provide notice of resignation, resign, are terminated or are provided with notice of termination from their positions with the Company’s investment adviser, (ii) die or are disabled or (iii) cease to be actively involved as a member of the Investment Committee for any consecutive period exceeding 60 days, a “Key Person Event” will have occurred. We will send written notice of a Key Person Event to shareholders within ten business days of such occurrence, the Commitment Period shall automatically be suspended for 90 days and shareholders will not be obligated to fund drawdowns subject to certain conditions described in the subscription agreement. During the 90-day period in which the Commitment Period is suspended, we will convene a special meeting of shareholders for the purpose of determining whether the Commitment Period should be reinstated. If the majority of shareholders entitled to cast votes vote in favor of the proposal, and a majority of the independent members of the Board vote in favor the proposal, the Commitment Period will be reinstated and shareholders will be obligated to fund drawdowns as if a Key Person Event had not occurred. If a majority of the shareholders entitled to cast votes and a majority of the independent members of the Board do not vote in favor of the proposal, the Commitment Period shall be deemed to have terminated upon the occurrence of the Key Person Event.

 

While we expect each subscription agreement to reflect the terms and conditions summarized in the preceding paragraph, we reserve the right to enter into subscription agreements that contain terms and conditions not found in the subscription agreements entered into with other investors, subject to applicable law.

 

Regulation as a Business Development Company

 

The following discussion is a general summary of the material prohibitions and descriptions governing BDCs generally. It does not purport to be a complete description of all of the laws and regulations affecting BDCs.

 

Qualifying Assets. Under the 1940 Act, a BDC may not acquire any asset other than assets of the type listed in Section 55(a) of the 1940 Act, which are referred to as qualifying assets, unless, at the time the acquisition is made, qualifying assets represent at least 70% of the company’s total assets. The principal categories of qualifying assets relevant to our business are any of the following:

 

(1) Securities purchased in transactions not involving any public offering from the issuer of such securities, which issuer (subject to certain limited exceptions) is an eligible portfolio company, or from any person who is, or has been during the preceding 13 months, an affiliated person of an eligible portfolio company, or from any other person, subject to such rules as may be prescribed by the SEC. An eligible portfolio company is defined in the 1940 Act as any issuer which:

 

(a) is organized under the laws of, and has its principal place of business in, the United States;

 

(b) is not an investment company (other than a small business investment company wholly owned by the business development company) or a company that would be an investment company but for certain exclusions under the 1940 Act; and

 

(c) satisfies any of the following:

 

(i) does not have any class of securities that is traded on a national securities exchange;

 

(ii) has a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange, but has an aggregate market value of outstanding voting and non-voting common equity of less than $250 million;

 

(iii) is controlled by a business development company or a group of companies including a business development company and the business development company has an affiliated person who is a director of the eligible portfolio company; or

 

(iv) is a small and solvent company having total assets of not more than $4 million and capital and surplus of not less than $2 million.

 

(2) Securities of any eligible portfolio company controlled by the Company.

 

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(3) Securities purchased in a private transaction from a U.S. issuer that is not an investment company or from an affiliated person of the issuer, or in transactions incident thereto, if the issuer is in bankruptcy and subject to reorganization or if the issuer, immediately prior to the purchase of its securities was unable to meet its obligations as they came due without material assistance other than conventional lending or financing arrangements.

 

(4) Securities of an eligible portfolio company purchased from any person in a private transaction if there is no ready market for such securities and the Company already owns 60% of the outstanding equity of the eligible portfolio company.

 

(5) Securities received in exchange for or distributed on or with respect to securities described in (1) through (4) above, or pursuant to the exercise of warrants or rights relating to such securities.

 

(6) Cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment.

 

In addition, a BDC must be operated for the purpose of making investments in the types of securities described in (1), (2) or (3) above.

 

Significant Managerial Assistance. A BDC must have been organized and have its principal place of business in the United States and must be operated for the purpose of making investments in the types of securities described above. However, in order to count portfolio securities as qualifying assets for the purpose of the 70% test, the BDC must either control the issuer of the securities or must offer to make available to the issuer of the securities (other than small and solvent companies described above) significant managerial assistance; except that, where the BDC purchases such securities in conjunction with one or more other persons acting together, one of the other persons in the group may make available such managerial assistance. Making available significant managerial assistance means, among other things, any arrangement whereby the BDC, through its directors, officers or employees, offers to provide and, if accepted, does so provide, significant guidance and counsel concerning the management, operations or business objectives and policies of a portfolio company through monitoring of portfolio company operations, selective participation in board and management meetings, consulting with and advising a portfolio company’s officers or other organizational or financial guidance.

 

Temporary Investments. Pending investment in other types of qualifying assets, as described above, our investments can consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or high quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment, which are referred to herein, collectively, as temporary investments, so that 70% of our assets would be qualifying assets.

 

Issuance of Derivative Securities. Under the 1940 Act, a BDC is subject to restrictions on the issuance, terms and amount of warrants, options or rights to purchase shares of capital stock that it may have outstanding at any time. In particular, the amount of capital stock that would result from the conversion or exercise of all outstanding warrants, options or rights to purchase capital stock cannot exceed 25% of the BDC’s total outstanding shares of capital stock.

 

Senior Securities; Coverage Ratio. We are permitted, under specified conditions, to issue multiple classes of indebtedness and one class of stock senior to our common stock if our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, would at least equal to 200% immediately after each such issuance. In addition, while any senior securities remain outstanding, we will be required to make provisions to prohibit any dividend distribution to our shareholders or the repurchase of such securities or shares unless we meet the applicable asset coverage ratios at the time of the dividend distribution or repurchase. We will also be permitted to borrow amounts up to 5% of the value of our total assets for temporary or emergency purposes, which borrowings would not be considered senior securities.

 

We intend to establish one or more credit facilities and/or subscription facilities or enter into other financing arrangements to facilitate investments and the timely payment of our expenses. It is anticipated that any such credit facilities will bear interest at floating rates at to be determined spreads over LIBOR. We cannot assure shareholders that we will be able to enter into a credit facility. Shareholders will indirectly bear the costs associated with any borrowings under a credit facility or otherwise, including increased management fees payable to the Adviser as a result of such borrowings. In connection with a credit facility or other borrowings, lenders may require us to pledge assets, commitments and/or drawdowns (and the ability to enforce the payment thereof) and may ask to comply with positive or negative covenants that could have an effect on our operations. We may pledge up to 100% of our assets and may grant a security interest in all of our assets under the terms of any debt instrument that we enter into with lenders. In addition, from time to time, our losses on leveraged investments may result in the liquidation of other investments held by us and may result in additional drawdowns to repay such amounts. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors —Provisions in a Credit Facility May Limit Discretion.”

 

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Code of Ethics. We and the Adviser have each adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, respectively, that establishes procedures for personal investments and restricts certain personal securities transactions. Personnel subject to the code are permitted to invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by us, so long as such investments are made in accordance with the code’s requirements. You may read and copy this code of ethics at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. You may also obtain copies of the codes of ethics, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.

 

Affiliated Transactions. We may be prohibited under the 1940 Act from conducting certain transactions with our affiliates without the prior approval of our directors who are not interested persons and, in some cases, the prior approval of the SEC.

 

Other. We will be periodically examined by the SEC for compliance with the 1940 Act, and be subject to the periodic reporting and related requirements of the 1934 Act.

 

We are also required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a reputable fidelity insurance company to protect against larceny and embezzlement. Furthermore, as a BDC, we are prohibited from protecting any director or officer against any liability to our shareholders arising from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.

 

We are also required to designate a chief compliance officer and to adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws and to review these policies and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation.

 

We are not permitted to change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or to withdraw our election as, a BDC unless approved by a majority of our outstanding voting securities. A majority of the outstanding voting securities of a company is defined under the 1940 Act as the lesser of: (i) 67% or more of such company’s shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares of such company are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of such company.

 

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

 

We have delegated our proxy voting responsibility to the Adviser. The Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures of the Adviser are set forth below. The guidelines will be reviewed periodically by the Adviser and our non-interested directors, and, accordingly, are subject to change.

 

As an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Adviser has a fiduciary duty to act solely in the best interests of its clients. As part of this duty, the Adviser recognizes that it must vote client securities in a timely manner free of conflicts of interest and in the best interests of its clients. These policies and procedures for voting proxies for the Adviser’s investment advisory clients are intended to comply with Section 206 of, and Rule 206(4)-6 under, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

 

Proxy Policies

 

The Adviser will vote all proxies relating to our portfolio securities in the best interest of our shareholders. The Adviser reviews on a case-by-case basis each proposal submitted to a shareholder vote to determine its impact on the portfolio securities held by the Company. Although the Adviser will generally vote against proposals that may have a negative impact on our clients’ portfolio securities, the Adviser may vote for such a proposal if there exists compelling long-term reasons to do so. The Adviser will abstain from voting only in unusual circumstances and where there is a compelling reason to do so.

 

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The Adviser’s proxy voting decisions are made by members of the Investment Committee who are responsible for monitoring each of our investments. To ensure that the Adviser’s vote is not the product of a conflict of interest, the Adviser requires that: (i) anyone involved in the decision making process disclose to the Adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer any potential conflict that he or she is aware of and any contact that he or she has had with any interested party regarding a proxy vote; and (ii) employees involved in the decision-making process or vote administration are prohibited from revealing how the Adviser intends to vote on a proposal in order to reduce any attempted influence from interested parties.

 

Proxy Voting Records

 

You may obtain information about how the Adviser voted proxies by making a written request for proxy voting information to: Pharos Capital BDC, Inc., Attention: Chief Compliance Officer, 3889 Maple Avenue, Suite 400, Dallas, TX, 75219.

 

Privacy Policy

 

We are committed to maintaining the confidentiality, integrity and security of non-public personal information relating to investors. The following information is provided to help you understand what personal information we collect, how we protect that information and why, in certain cases, we may share information with select other parties.

 

Generally, we do not collect any non-public personal information relating to our investors, other than name, address, and number of shares held by the investor. This information is used only so that we can service your account, send you annual reports, proxy statements, and other information required by law. With regard to this information, we maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards designed to protect the non-public personal information of our investors.

 

We may share information that we collect regarding an investor with certain of our service providers for legitimate business purposes, for example, in order to process trades or mail information to investors. In addition, we may disclose information that we collect regarding an investor as required by law or in connection with regulatory or law enforcement inquiries.

 

Reporting Obligations

 

We will furnish our shareholders with annual reports containing audited financial statements, quarterly reports, and such other periodic reports as we determine to be appropriate or as may be required by law. We are filing this Registration Statement with the SEC voluntarily with the intention of establishing the Company as a reporting company under the 1934 Act. Upon the effectiveness of this Registration Statement, we will be required to comply with all periodic reporting, proxy solicitation and other applicable requirements under the 1934 Act.

 

We intend to make available on our website (www.pharosfunds.com) our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and our current reports on Form 8-K. Shareholders and the public may also read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. The SEC also maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains such information. The reference to our website is an inactive textual reference only and the information contained on our website is not a part of this Registration Statement.

 

Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations

 

The following discussion is a general summary of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to us and to an investment in our common stock. This discussion does not purport to be a complete description of the income tax considerations applicable to such an investment. For example, this discussion does not describe tax consequences that we have assumed to be generally known by investors or certain considerations that may be relevant to certain types of holders subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws, including persons who hold our common stock as part of a straddle or a hedging, integrated or constructive sale transaction, persons subject to the alternative minimum tax, tax-exempt organizations, insurance companies, brokers or dealers in securities, pension plans and trusts, persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, U.S. expatriates, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, personal holding companies, persons who acquire an interest in the Company in connection with the performance of services, and financial institutions. Such persons should consult with their own tax advisers as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our common stock, which may differ substantially from those described herein. This discussion assumes that shareholders hold our common stock as capital assets (within the meaning of the Code).

 

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The discussion is based upon the Code, Treasury regulations, and administrative and judicial interpretations, each as of the date of this Registration Statement and all of which are subject to change, possibly retroactively, which could affect the continuing validity of this discussion. We have not sought and will not seek any ruling from the Internal Revenue Service regarding any matter discussed herein. Prospective investors should be aware that, although we intend to adopt positions we believe are in accord with current interpretations of the U.S. federal income tax laws, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) may not agree with the tax positions taken by us and that, if challenged by the IRS, our tax positions might not be sustained by the courts. This summary does not discuss any aspects of U.S. estate, alternative minimum, or gift tax or foreign, state or local tax. It also does not discuss the special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws that could result if we invested in tax-exempt securities or certain other investment assets.

 

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Shareholder” generally is a beneficial owner of our common stock that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

    a citizen or individual resident of the United States;

 

    a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized in or under the laws of the U.S. or of any political subdivision thereof;

 

    a trust that is subject to the supervision of a court within the U.S. and the control of one or more U.S. persons or that has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person; or

 

    an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source.

 

A “Non-U.S. Shareholder” is a beneficial owner of our common stock that is not a U.S. Shareholder or a partnership for U.S. tax purposes.

 

If a partnership (including an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Any partner of a partnership holding our common stock should consult its tax advisers with respect to the purchase, ownership and disposition of such shares.

 

Tax matters are very complicated and the tax consequences to an investor of an investment in our common stock will depend on the facts of his, her or its particular situation.

 

Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company (“RIC”)

 

As soon as practicable after our election to be a BDC, we intend to elect to be treated and to qualify each year thereafter as a RIC. As a RIC, we generally will not have to pay corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any ordinary income or capital gains that we distribute to our shareholders as dividends. To qualify as a RIC, we must, among other things, meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements (as described below). In addition, in order to obtain RIC tax benefits, we must distribute to our shareholders, for each taxable year, at least 90% of our “investment company taxable income,” which is generally our ordinary income plus the excess of realized net short-term capital gains over realized net long-term capital losses (the “Annual Distribution Requirement”).

 

If we:

 

    qualify as a RIC; and

 

    satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement,

 

then we will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of our income we distribute (or is deemed to distribute) to our shareholders. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate rates on any income or capital gains not distributed (or deemed distributed) to our shareholders.

 

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We will be subject to a 4% nondeductible U.S. federal excise tax on certain undistributed income unless we distribute in a timely manner an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of our net ordinary income for each calendar year, (ii) 98.2% of the amount by which our capital gains exceed our capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for the one-year period ending October 31 in that calendar year and (iii) certain undistributed amounts from previous years on which we paid no U.S. federal income tax (the “Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement”). While we intend to distribute any income and capital gains in order to avoid imposition of this 4% U.S. federal excise tax, we may not be successful in avoiding entirely the imposition of this tax. In that case, we will be liable for the tax only on the amount by which we do not meet the foregoing distribution requirement.

 

In order to qualify as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must, among other things:

 

    continue to qualify as a BDC under the 1940 Act at all times during each taxable year;

 

    derive in each taxable year at least 90% of our gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of certain securities, gains from the sale of stock or other securities or foreign currencies, net income from certain “qualified publicly traded partnerships,” or other income derived with respect to our business of investing in such stock or securities (the “90% Income Test”); and

 

    diversify our holdings so that at the end of each quarter of the taxable year:

 

  ¡    at least 50% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities if such other securities of any one issuer do not represent more than 5% of the value of our assets or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer; and

 

  ¡    no more than 25% of the value of our assets is invested in the (i) securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of one issuer, (ii) securities of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under applicable Code rules, by us and that are engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses or (iii) securities of one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (the “Diversification Tests”).

 

We may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances in which we do not receive cash. For example, if we hold debt obligations that are treated under applicable tax rules as having original issue discount (such as debt instruments with PIK interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or issued with warrants), we must include in income each year a portion of the original issue discount that accrues over the life of the obligation, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by us in the same taxable year. We may also have to include in income other amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as PIK interest and deferred loan origination fees that are paid after origination of the loan. Because any original issue discount or other amounts accrued will be included in our investment company taxable income for the year of accrual, we may be required to make a distribution to our shareholders in order to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement, even though we will not have received the corresponding cash amount.

 

Although we do not presently expect to do so, we are authorized to borrow funds, to sell assets and to make taxable distributions of our stock and debt securities in order to satisfy distribution requirements. Our ability to dispose of assets to meet our distribution requirements may be limited by (i) the illiquid nature of our portfolio and/or (ii) other requirements relating to our status as a RIC, including the Diversification Tests. If we dispose of assets in order to meet the Annual Distribution Requirement or the Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement, we may make such dispositions at times that, from an investment standpoint, are not advantageous. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement, we may fail to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC and become subject to tax as an ordinary corporation.

 

Under the 1940 Act, we are not permitted to make distributions to our shareholders while our debt obligations and other senior securities are outstanding unless certain “asset coverage” tests are met. If we are prohibited from making distributions, we may fail to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC and become subject to tax as an ordinary corporation.

 

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Certain of our investment practices may be subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among other things: (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions; (ii) convert lower taxed long-term capital gain into higher taxed short-term capital gain or ordinary income; (iii) convert an ordinary loss or a deduction into a capital loss (the deductibility of which is more limited); (iv) cause us to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash; (v) adversely affect the time as to when a purchase or sale of securities is deemed to occur; (vi) adversely alter the characterization of certain complex financial transactions; and (vii) produce income that will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 90% Income Test described above. We will monitor our transactions and may make certain tax decisions in order to mitigate the potential adverse effect of these provisions.

 

A RIC is limited in its ability to deduct expenses in excess of its “investment company taxable income” (which is, generally, ordinary income plus the excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses). If our expenses in a given year exceed investment company taxable income, we would experience a net operating loss for that year. However, a RIC is not permitted to carry forward net operating losses to subsequent years. In addition, expenses can be used only to offset investment company taxable income, not net capital gain. Due to these limits on the deductibility of expenses, we may, for tax purposes, have aggregate taxable income for several years that we are required to distribute and that is taxable to our shareholders even if such income is greater than the aggregate net income we actually earned during those years. Such required distributions may be made from our cash assets or by liquidation of investments, if necessary. We may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event we realize net capital gains from such transactions, a shareholder may receive a larger capital gain distribution than it would have received in the absence of such transactions.

 

Failure to Qualify as a RIC

 

While we intend to elect to be treated as a RIC as soon as practicable following our election to be a BDC, we anticipate that we will have difficulty satisfying the Diversification Tests as we ramp up our portfolio. To the extent that we have net taxable income prior to our qualification as RIC, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such income. We would not be able to deduct distributions to our shareholders, nor would they be required to be made. Distributions, including distributions of net long-term capital gain, would generally be taxable to our shareholders as ordinary dividend income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Subject to certain limitations under the Code, our corporate shareholders would be eligible to claim a dividend received deduction with respect to such dividend; our non-corporate shareholders would generally be able to treat such dividends as “qualified dividend income,” which is subject to reduced rates of U.S. federal income tax. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits would be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of the shareholder’s tax basis, and any remaining distributions would be treated as a capital gain. In order to qualify as a RIC, in addition to the other requirements discussed above, we would be required to distribute all of our previously undistributed earnings and profits attributable to any period prior to us becoming a RIC by the end of the first year that we intend to qualify as a RIC. To the extent that we have any net built-in gains in our assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if we had been liquidated) as of the beginning of the first year that we qualify as a RIC, we would be subject to a corporate-level U.S. federal income tax on such built-in gains if and when recognized over the next ten years (or shorter applicable period). Alternatively, we may choose to recognize such built-in gains immediately prior to our qualification as a RIC.

 

If we have previously qualified as RIC, but are subsequently unable to qualify for treatment as a RIC, and certain amelioration provisions are not applicable, we would be subject to tax on all of our taxable income (including our net capital gains) at regular corporate rates. We would not be able to deduct distributions to our shareholders, nor would they be required to be made. Distributions, including distributions of net long-term capital gain, would generally be taxable to our shareholders as ordinary dividend income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Subject to certain limitations under the Code, our corporate shareholders would be eligible to claim a dividend received deduction with respect to such dividend; our non-corporate shareholders would generally be able to treat such dividends as “qualified dividend income,” which is subject to reduced rates of U.S. federal income tax. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits would be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of the shareholder’s tax basis, and any remaining distributions would be treated as a capital gain. In order to requalify as a RIC, in addition to the other requirements discussed above, we would be required to distribute all of our previously undistributed earnings attributable to the period we failed to qualify as a RIC by the end of the first year that we intend to requalify as a RIC. If we fail to requalify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, we may be subject to regular corporate tax on any net built-in gains with respect to certain of our assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if we had been liquidated) that we elect to recognize on requalification or when recognized over the next five years.

 

The remainder of this discussion assumes that we qualify as a RIC for each taxable year.

 

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Taxation of U.S. Shareholders

 

Distributions by us generally are taxable to U.S. Shareholders as ordinary income or capital gains. Distributions of our “investment company taxable income” (which is, generally, our net ordinary income plus realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses) will be taxable as ordinary income to U.S. Shareholders to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional Shares. To the extent such distributions paid by us to our shareholders taxed at individual rates are attributable to dividends from U.S. corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations, such distributions (“Qualifying Dividends”) may be eligible for a current maximum tax rate of 20%. In this regard, it is anticipated that distributions paid by us will generally not be attributable to dividends and, therefore, generally will not qualify for the 20% maximum rate applicable to Qualifying Dividends. Distributions of our net capital gains (which are generally our realized net long-term capital gains in excess of realized net short-term capital losses) properly reported by us as “capital gain dividends” will be taxable to a U.S. Shareholder as long-term capital gains that are currently taxable at a maximum rate of 20% in the case of our shareholders taxed at individual rates, regardless of the U.S. Shareholder’s holding period for his, her or its Shares and regardless of whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional common stock. Distributions in excess of our earnings and profits first will reduce a U.S. Shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in such shareholder’s Shares and, after the adjusted basis is reduced to zero, will constitute capital gains to such U.S. Shareholder.

 

We may retain some or all of our realized net long-term capital gains in excess of realized net short-term capital losses, but designate the retained net capital gain as a “deemed distribution.” In that case, among other consequences, we will pay tax on the retained amount, each U.S. Shareholder will be required to include his, her or its share of the deemed distribution in income as if it had been actually distributed to the U.S. Shareholder, and the U.S. Shareholder will be entitled to claim a credit equal to his, her or its allocable share of the tax paid thereon by us. Because we expect to pay tax on any retained capital gains at our regular corporate tax rate, and because that rate is in excess of the maximum rate currently payable by U.S. Shareholders taxed at individual rates on long-term capital gains, the amount of tax that individual U.S. Shareholders will be treated as having paid will exceed the tax they owe on the capital gain distribution and such excess generally may be refunded or claimed as a credit against the U.S. Shareholder’s other U.S. federal income tax obligations. The amount of the deemed distribution net of such tax will be added to the U.S. Shareholder’s cost basis for his, her or its Shares. In order to utilize the deemed distribution approach, we must provide written notice to our shareholders prior to the expiration of 60 days after the close of the relevant taxable year.

 

For purposes of determining (i) whether the Annual Distribution Requirement is satisfied for any year and (ii) the amount of capital gain dividends paid for that year, we may, under certain circumstances, elect to treat a dividend that is paid during the following taxable year as if it had been paid during the taxable year in question. If we make such an election, the U.S. Shareholder will still be treated as receiving the dividend in the taxable year in which the distribution is made. However, any dividend declared by us in October, November or December of any calendar year, payable to our shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month and actually paid during January of the following year, will be treated as if it had been received by our U.S. Shareholders on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared.

 

With respect to the reinvestment of dividends, if a U.S. Shareholder owns Shares registered in its own name, the U.S. Shareholder will have all cash distributions automatically reinvested in additional Shares unless the U.S. Shareholder opts out of the reinvestment of dividends by delivering a written notice to our dividend paying agent prior to the record date of the next dividend or distribution. Any distributions reinvested will nevertheless remain taxable to the U.S. Shareholder. The U.S. Shareholder will have an adjusted basis in the additional Shares purchased through the reinvestment equal to the amount of the reinvested distribution. The additional shares will have a new holding period commencing on the day following the day on which the Shares are credited to the U.S. Shareholder’s account.

 

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If an investor purchases Shares shortly before the record date of a distribution, the price of the Shares will include the value of the distribution. However, the shareholder will be taxed on the distribution as described above, despite the fact that, economically, it may represent a return of his, her or its investment.

 

A U.S. Shareholder generally will recognize taxable gain or loss if the U.S. Shareholder sells or otherwise disposes of his, her or its Shares. The amount of gain or loss will be measured by the difference between such U.S. Shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in our common stock sold and the amount of the proceeds received in exchange. Any gain arising from such sale or disposition generally will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Shareholder has held his, her or its Shares for more than one year. Otherwise, it will be classified as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any capital loss arising from the sale or disposition of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of the amount of capital gain dividends received, or undistributed capital gain deemed received, with respect to such Shares. In addition, all or a portion of any loss recognized upon a disposition of Shares may be disallowed if other Shares are purchased (whether through reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) within 30 days before or after the disposition.

 

In general, U.S. Shareholders taxed at individual rates currently are subject to a maximum U.S. federal income tax rate of 20% on their recognized net capital gain (i.e., the excess of recognized net long-term capital gains over recognized net short-term capital losses, subject to certain adjustments), including any long-term capital gain derived from an investment in our Shares. Such rate is lower than the maximum rate on ordinary income currently payable by such U.S. Shareholders. In addition, individuals with modified adjusted gross incomes in excess of $200,000 ($250,000 in the case of married individuals filing jointly) and certain estates and trusts are subject to an additional 3.8% tax on their “net investment income,” which generally includes gross income from interest, dividends, annuities, royalties, and rents, and net capital gains (other than certain amounts earned from trades or businesses), reduced by certain deductions allocable to such income. Corporate U.S. Shareholders currently are subject to U.S. federal income tax on net capital gain at the maximum 35% rate also applied to ordinary income. Non-corporate U.S. Shareholders with net capital losses for a year (i.e., capital losses in excess of capital gains) generally may deduct up to $3,000 of such losses against their ordinary income each year. Any net capital losses of a non-corporate U.S. Shareholder in excess of $3,000 generally may be carried forward and used in subsequent years as provided in the Code. Corporate U.S. Shareholders generally may not deduct any net capital losses for a year, but may carry back such losses for three years or carry forward such losses for five years.

 

Under applicable Treasury regulations, if a U.S. Shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to shares of $2 million or more for a non-corporate U.S. Shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate U.S. Shareholder in any single taxable year (or a greater loss over a combination of years), the U.S. Shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct U.S. Shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, U.S. Shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to U.S. Shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. U.S. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

 

We (or the applicable withholding agent) will send to each of our U.S. Shareholders, as promptly as possible after the end of each calendar year, a notice reporting the amounts includible in such U.S. Shareholder’s taxable income for such year as ordinary income and as long-term capital gain. In addition, the federal tax status of each year’s distributions generally will be reported to the IRS (including the amount of dividends, if any, eligible for the 20% maximum rate). Dividends paid by us generally will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction or the preferential tax rate applicable to Qualifying Dividends because our income generally will not consist of dividends. Distributions may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on a U.S. Shareholder’s particular situation.

 

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We may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax (“backup withholding”) from all distributions to certain U.S. Shareholders (i) who fail to furnish us with a correct taxpayer identification number or a certificate that such shareholder is exempt from backup withholding or (ii) with respect to whom the IRS notifies us that such shareholder furnished an incorrect taxpayer identification number or failed to properly report certain interest and dividend income to the IRS and to respond to notices to that effect. An individual’s taxpayer identification number is his or her social security number. Any amount withheld under backup withholding is allowed as a credit against the U.S. Shareholder’s federal income tax liability, provided that proper information is provided to the IRS.

 

For any period that we do not qualify as a “publicly offered regulated investment company,” as defined in the Code, our shareholders will be taxed as though they received a distribution of some of our expenses. A “publicly offered regulated investment company” is a RIC whose shares are either (i) continuously offered pursuant to a public offering, (ii) regularly traded on an established securities market or (iii) held by at least 500 persons at all times during the taxable year. We anticipate that we will not qualify as a publicly offered RIC immediately after the Private Offering; we may qualify as a publicly offered RIC for future taxable years. If we are not a publicly offered RIC for any period, a non-corporate shareholder’s allocable portion of our affected expenses, including its management fees, will be treated as an additional distribution to the shareholder and will be deductible by such shareholder only to the extent permitted under the limitations described below. For our non-corporate shareholders, including individuals, trusts, and estates, significant limitations generally apply to the deductibility of certain expenses of a non-publicly offered RIC, including advisory fees. In particular, these expenses, which are miscellaneous itemized deductions, are deductible to an individual only to the extent they exceed 2% of such a shareholder’s adjusted gross income, and are not deductible for alternative minimum tax purposes.

 

A U.S. Shareholder that is a tax-exempt organization for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore generally exempt from U.S. federal income taxation may nevertheless be subject to taxation to the extent that it is considered to derive unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”). The direct conduct by a tax-exempt U.S. Shareholder of the activities we propose to conduct could give rise to UBTI. However, a BDC is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and its business activities generally will not be attributed to its shareholders for purposes of determining their treatment under current law. Therefore, a tax-exempt U.S. Shareholder generally should not be subject to U.S. taxation solely as a result of the shareholder’s ownership of our common stock and receipt of dividends with respect to such common stock. Moreover, under current law, if we incur indebtedness, such indebtedness will not be attributed to a tax-exempt U.S. Shareholder. Therefore, a tax-exempt U.S. Shareholder should not be treated as earning income from “debt-financed property” and dividends we pay should not be treated as “unrelated debt-financed income” solely as a result of indebtedness that we incur. Legislation has been introduced in Congress in the past, and may be introduced again in the future, which would change the treatment of “blocker” investment vehicles interposed between tax-exempt investors and non-qualifying investments if enacted. In the event that any such proposals were to be adopted and applied to BDCs, the treatment of dividends payable to tax-exempt investors could be adversely affected. In addition, special rules would apply if we were to invest in certain real estate mortgage investment conduits, which we do not currently plan to do, that could result in a tax-exempt U.S. Shareholder recognizing income that would be treated as UBTI.

 

Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders

 

The following discussion only applies to certain Non-U.S. Shareholders. Whether an investment in the Shares is appropriate for a Non-U.S. Shareholder will depend upon that person’s particular circumstances. An investment in the Shares by a Non-U.S. Shareholder may have adverse tax consequences. Non-U.S. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers before investing in our common stock.

 

Distributions of our “investment company taxable income” to Non-U.S. Shareholders (including interest income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized long-term capital losses, which generally would be free of withholding if paid to Non-U.S. Shareholders directly) will be subject to withholding of federal tax at a 30% rate (or lower rate provided by an applicable treaty) to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits unless an applicable exception applies. No withholding is required with respect to certain distributions if (i) the distributions are properly reported as “interest-related dividends” or “short-term capital gain dividends,” (ii) the distributions are derived from sources specified in the Code for such dividends and (iii) certain other requirements are satisfied. No assurance can be provided as to whether any of our distributions will be reported as eligible for this exemption. If the distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. Shareholder, we will not be required to withhold federal tax if the Non-U.S. Shareholder complies with applicable certification and disclosure requirements, although the distributions will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. (Special certification requirements apply to a Non-U.S. Shareholder that is a foreign partnership or a foreign trust, and such entities are urged to consult their own tax advisers.)

 

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Actual or deemed distributions of our net capital gains to a Non-U.S. Shareholder, and gains realized by a Non-U.S. Shareholder upon the sale of our common stock, will generally not be subject to federal withholding tax and generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless the distributions or gains, as the case may be, are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. Shareholder.

 

Under our reinvestment of dividends policy, if a Non-U.S. Shareholder owns Shares registered in its own name, the Non-U.S. Shareholder will have all cash distributions automatically reinvested in additional Shares unless it opts out of the reinvestment of dividends by delivering a written notice to our dividend paying agent prior to the record date of the next dividend or distribution. See “Item 1(c). Description of Business — Dividend Reinvestment Plan.” If the distribution is a distribution of our investment company taxable income, is not designated by us as a short-term capital gains dividend or interest-related dividend and it is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. Shareholder (or, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is not attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment of the Non-U.S. Shareholder), the amount distributed (to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits) will be subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate (or lower rate provided by an applicable treaty) and only the net after-tax amount will be reinvested in our common stock. The Non-U.S. Shareholder will have an adjusted basis in the additional Shares purchased through the reinvestment equal to the amount reinvested. The additional Shares will have a new holding period commencing on the day following the day on which the Shares are credited to the Non-U.S. Shareholder’s account.

 

The tax consequences to Non-U.S. Shareholders entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty or that are individuals that are present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during a taxable year may be different from those described herein. Non-U.S. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers with respect to the procedure for claiming the benefit of a lower treaty rate and the applicability of foreign taxes.

 

If we distribute our net capital gains in the form of deemed rather than actual distributions, a Non-U.S. Shareholder will be entitled to a U.S. federal income tax credit or tax refund equal to the shareholder’s allocable share of the tax we pay on the capital gains deemed to have been distributed. In order to obtain the refund, the Non-U.S. Shareholder must obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number and file a refund claim even if the Non-U.S. Shareholder would not otherwise be required to obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number or file a U.S. federal income tax return. For a corporate Non-U.S. Shareholder, distributions (both actual and deemed), and gains realized upon the sale of our common stock that are effectively connected to a U.S. trade or business may, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate (or at a lower rate if provided for by an applicable treaty). Accordingly, investment in the Shares may not be advisable for a Non-U.S. Shareholder.

 

We must generally report to our Non-U.S. Shareholders and the IRS the amount of dividends paid during each calendar year and the amount of any tax withheld. Information reporting requirements may apply even if no withholding was required because the distributions were effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Shareholder’s conduct of a United States trade or business or withholding was reduced or eliminated by an applicable income tax treaty. This information also may be made available under a specific treaty or agreement with the tax authorities in the country in which the Non-U.S. Shareholder resides or is established. Under U.S. federal income tax law, interest, dividends and other reportable payments may, under certain circumstances, be subject to “backup withholding” at the then applicable rate (currently 28%). Backup withholding, however, generally will not apply to distributions to a Non-U.S. Shareholder of our common stock, provided the Non-U.S. Shareholder furnishes to us the required certification as to its non-U.S. status, such as by providing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E, or IRS Form W-8ECI, or certain other requirements are met. Backup withholding is not an additional tax but can be credited against a Non-U.S. Shareholder’s federal income tax, and may be refunded to the extent it results in an overpayment of tax and the appropriate information is timely supplied to the IRS.

 

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Legislation commonly referred to as the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act,” or “FATCA,” generally imposes a 30% withholding tax on payments of certain types of income to foreign financial institutions that fail to enter into an agreement with the U.S. Treasury to report certain required information with respect to accounts held by U.S. persons (or held by foreign entities that have U.S. persons as substantial owners) or that reside in a jurisdiction that has not entered into an agreement with the United States to collect and share such information. The types of income subject to the tax include U.S. source interest and dividends, and after December 31, 2018, the gross proceeds from the sale of any property that could produce U.S.-source fixed or determinable annual or periodic income. The information required to be reported includes the identity and taxpayer identification number of each account holder that is a U.S. person and certain transaction activity within the holder’s account. In addition, subject to certain exceptions, this legislation also imposes a 30% withholding on payments to foreign entities that are not financial institutions unless the foreign entity certifies that it does not have a greater than 10% U.S. owner or provides the withholding agent with identifying information on each greater than 10% U.S. owner. Depending on the status of a Non-U.S. Shareholder and the status of the intermediaries through which they hold their Shares, Non-U.S. Shareholders could be subject to this 30% withholding tax with respect to distributions on their Shares and proceeds from the sale of their Shares. Under certain circumstances, a Non-U.S. Shareholder might be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes.

 

Non-U.S. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the U.S. federal income tax and withholding tax, and state, local and foreign tax consequences of an investment in the Shares.

 

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

 

Investments in the Company involve a high degree of risk. There can be no assurance that our investment objectives will be achieved, or that a shareholder will receive a return of its capital. In addition, there will be occasions when the Adviser and its affiliates may encounter potential conflicts of interest in connection with the Company. The following considerations should be carefully evaluated before making an investment in our common stock. If any of those risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

 

Risks Related to Our Business and Structure

 

Lack of Operating History. We are a new entity with no operating history and we have no financial information on which a prospective investor can evaluate an investment in our common stock or our prior performance. As a result, we are subject to the business risks and uncertainties associated with recently formed businesses, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objective and the value of a shareholder’s investment could decline substantially or become worthless. While we believe that the past professional experiences, including investment and financial experience, will allow the Adviser to manage the Company successfully, there can be no assurance that this will be the case.

 

Risks Related to Changes in Interest Rates. Because we intend borrow money to make investments, our net investment income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds. As a result, we can offer no assurance that a significant change in interest rates would not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income in the event we use debt to finance our investments. In periods of rising interest rates, our cost of funds would increase, which could reduce our net investment income.

 

In addition, a substantial amount of our debt investments are likely to be based on floating rates, such as LIBOR, EURIBOR, the Federal Funds Rate, or the Prime Rate. General interest rate fluctuations may have a substantial negative impact our investments, the value of our Shares and our rate of return on invested capital. A reduction in the interest rates on new investments relative to interest rates on current investments could also have an adverse impact on our investment income. An increase in interest rates could decrease the value of any investments we hold which earn fixed interest rates, including subordinated loans, senior and junior secured and unsecured debt securities and loans and high yield bonds, and also could increase our interest expense, thereby decreasing our net investment income. Also, an increase in interest rates available to investors could make investment in our common stock less attractive if we are not able to increase our distributions, which could reduce the value of our Shares. Also, an increase in interest rates may result in an increase of the amount of our pre-incentive fee net investment income and, as a result, an increase in incentive fees payable to the Adviser.

 

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We may seek to hedge against interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations and credit risk by using structured financial instruments such as futures, options, swaps and forward contracts, subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Use of structured financial instruments for hedging purposes may present significant risks, including the risk of loss of the amounts invested. Defaults by the other party to a hedging transaction can result in losses in the hedging transaction. Hedging activities also involve the risk of an imperfect correlation between the hedging instrument and the asset being hedged, which could result in losses both on the hedging transaction and on the instrument being hedged. Use of hedging activities may not prevent significant losses and could increase our losses. Further, hedging transactions may reduce cash available to pay distributions to our shareholders.

 

Price Declines in the Corporate Leveraged Loan Market. Conditions in the medium- and large-sized U.S. corporate debt market may experience disruption or deterioration in the future, which may cause pricing levels to decline or be volatile. As a result, our net asset value could decline through an increase in unrealized depreciation and incurrence of realized losses in connection with the sale of our investments, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Defaults Under a Credit Facility. In the event we default under a credit facility or other borrowings, our business could be adversely affected as we may be forced to sell a portion of our investments quickly and prematurely at what may be disadvantageous prices to us in order to meet our outstanding payment obligations and/or support working capital requirements under such borrowing facility, any of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, following any such default, the agent for the lenders under such borrowing facility could assume control of the disposition of any or all of our assets, including the selection of such assets to be disposed and the timing of such disposition, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Provisions in a Credit Facility May Limit Discretion. A credit facility may be backed by all or a portion of our loans and securities on which the lenders will have a security interest. We may pledge up to 100% of our assets and may grant a security interest in all of our assets under the terms of any debt instrument we enter into with lenders. We expect that any security interests we grant will be set forth in a pledge and security agreement and evidenced by the filing of financing statements by the agent for the lenders. In addition, we expect that the custodian for our securities serving as collateral for such loan would include in its electronic systems notices indicating the existence of such security interests and, following notice of occurrence of an event of default, if any, and during its continuance, will only accept transfer instructions with respect to any such securities from the lender or its designee. If we were to default under the terms of any debt instrument, the agent for the applicable lenders would be able to assume control of the timing of disposition of any or all of our assets securing such debt, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

In addition, any security interests and/or negative covenants required by a credit facility may limit our ability to create liens on assets to secure additional debt and may make it difficult for us to restructure or refinance indebtedness at or prior to maturity or obtain additional debt or equity financing. In addition, if our borrowing base under a credit facility were to decrease, we may be required to secure additional assets in an amount sufficient to cure any borrowing base deficiency. In the event that all of our assets are secured at the time of such a borrowing base deficiency, we could be required to repay advances under a credit facility or make deposits to a collection account, either of which could have a material adverse impact on our ability to fund future investments and to make distributions.

 

In addition, we may be subject to limitations as to how borrowed funds may be used, which may include restrictions on geographic and industry concentrations, loan size, payment frequency and status, average life, collateral interests and investment ratings, as well as regulatory restrictions on leverage which may affect the amount of funding that may be obtained. There may also be certain requirements relating to portfolio performance, including required minimum portfolio yield and limitations on delinquencies and charge-offs, a violation of which could limit further advances and, in some cases, result in an event of default. An event of default under a credit facility could result in an accelerated maturity date for all amounts outstanding thereunder, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. This could reduce our liquidity and cash flow and impair our ability to grow our business.

 

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Competition for Investments. A large number of entities, including private equity funds, commercial financing companies, BDCs, and insurance companies, will compete with us to make the types of investments that we intend to target as a focus of our business strategy. Certain of these competitors may be substantially larger, have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we will have and offer a wider array of financial services. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of funds or access to funding sources that are not available to us. We may lose investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure. There may be intense competition for financings or investments of the type we intend to make, and such competition may result in less favorable financing or investment terms than might otherwise exist. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC or the source of income, asset diversification and distribution requirements we must satisfy to maintain our RIC status. There can be no assurance that there will be a sufficient number of attractive potential investments available to us to achieve target returns. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than us. The competitive pressures we face may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Broad Authority for Board Action. The Board has the authority to modify or waive certain of our operating policies and strategies without prior notice (except as required by the 1940 Act) and without shareholder approval. However, absent shareholder approval, the Board may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or withdraw our election as, a BDC. We cannot predict the effect any changes to our current operating policies and strategies would have on our business, operating results and value of our common stock. Nevertheless, the effects may adversely affect our business and impact our ability to make distributions.

 

Changes in Law or Regulation. Changes to the laws and regulations governing our operations may cause us to alter our investment strategy in order to avail ourselves of new or different opportunities. These changes could result in material differences to the strategies and plans described herein and may result in a shift in investment focus.

 

There is significant uncertainty regarding recently enacted legislation (including the Dodd-Frank Act and the regulations that have recently been adopted and future regulations that will need to be adopted pursuant to such legislation) and, consequently, the full impact that such legislation will ultimately have on us and the markets in which we invest is not fully known. Such uncertainty and any resulting confusion may itself be detrimental to the efficient functioning of the markets and the success of certain investment strategies. The Dodd-Frank Act impacts many aspects of the financial services industry. Some of the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act have been enacted, while others have extended implementation periods and delayed effective dates and will require extensive rulemaking by regulatory authorities. While the full impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on us and our portfolio companies may not be known for an extended period of time, the Dodd-Frank Act, including current rules and regulations and future rules implementing its provisions and the interpretation of those rules, along with other legislative and regulatory proposals directed at the financial services industry that are proposed or pending in the U.S. Congress, may negatively impact us and our portfolio companies’ operations, cash flows or financial condition, impose additional costs on us and our portfolio companies, intensify the regulatory supervision of us and our portfolio companies or otherwise adversely affect our business or the business of our portfolio companies.

 

Additionally, the laws and regulations governing the business of healthcare companies and interpretations of those laws and rules are subject to frequent change, any such change could have a material adverse effect on the business and operations of some of our portfolio companies. See “Our investments in the healthcare sector face considerable uncertainties including substantial regulatory challenges” and “Changes in healthcare laws and other regulations, or the enforcement or interpretation of such laws or regulations, applicable to some of our portfolio companies’ businesses may constrain their ability to offer their products and services.”

 

Reliance on Personnel. Our success depends upon the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of the Adviser investment professionals. They will evaluate, negotiate, structure, close and monitor our investments in accordance with the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement. There can be no assurance that the Adviser personnel will continue to be associated with the Adviser throughout the life of the Company. Adviser personnel, and any investment professionals that the Adviser may subsequently retain, will identify, evaluate, negotiate, structure, close, monitor and manage our investments. Our future success will depend to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of Adviser personnel. If the Adviser does not maintain its existing relationships with sources of investment opportunities and does not develop new relationships with other sources of investment opportunities available to us, the Adviser may not be able to grow our investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom Adviser personnel have relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities. Therefore, we and the Adviser can offer no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for us.

 

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Our ability to achieve our investment objective will also depend on the Adviser’s ability to manage the Company and to grow our investments and earnings. This will depend, in turn, on the Adviser’s ability to identify, invest in and monitor portfolio companies that meet our investment criteria. The achievement of our investment objective will depend upon the Adviser’s execution of our investment process, its ability to provide competent, attentive and efficient services to us and, to a lesser extent, our access to financing on acceptable terms. The Adviser’s team of investment professionals will have substantial responsibilities in connection with the management of other investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles. The personnel of the Adviser may be called upon to provide managerial assistance to our portfolio companies. These activities may distract them from servicing new investment opportunities for us or slow our rate of investment. Any failure to manage our business and our future growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Resignation of Adviser. Generally, the Adviser has the right, under the Investment Advisory Agreement, to resign at any time upon not less than 60 days’ written notice, regardless of whether we have found a replacement. In certain circumstances the Adviser may only be able to terminate the Investment Advisory Agreement upon 120 days’ written notice. If the Adviser resigns, we may not be able to find a new investment adviser or hire internal management with similar expertise and ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within 60 or 120 days, as applicable, or at all. If we are unable to do so quickly, our operations are likely to experience a disruption, our financial condition, business and results of operations as well as our ability to pay distributions are likely to be adversely affected, and the value of our common stock may decline.

 

Potential Lack of Diversification. Our portfolio may be concentrated in a limited number of portfolio companies and industries. Beyond the asset diversification requirements associated with our intention to comply with the requirements to qualify as a RIC for U.S. tax purposes we do not have fixed guidelines for diversification, and our investments will be concentrated in the healthcare industry. As a result, the aggregate returns we realize may be significantly adversely affected if a small number of investments perform poorly or if we need to write down the value of any one investment. Additionally, a downturn in the healthcare industry could significantly affect our aggregate returns.

 

No Assurance of Cash Distributions. Subject to the Board’s discretion and applicable legal restrictions, we expect to declare and pay distributions quarterly. We expect to pay these distributions out of assets legally available for distribution. However, there are no assurances that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a targeted level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. All distributions that are made will be at the discretion of the Board and will depend on our earnings, financial condition, maintenance of our RIC status and other factors as the Board may deem to be relevant. Our ability to pay distributions might be adversely affected by the impact of the risks described herein. In addition, the inability to satisfy the asset coverage test applicable to a BDC may limit our ability to pay distributions. There can be no assurances that we will pay distributions to our shareholders in the future.

 

In certain cases, we may recognize income before or without receiving the accompanying cash. Depending on the amount of noncash income, this could result in difficulty satisfying the annual distribution requirement applicable to RICs. Accordingly, we may have to sell some of our investments at times we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or reduce new investments to meet these distribution requirements. In addition, the withholding tax treatment of our distributions to certain of our non-U.S. Shareholders will depend on whether and when Congress enacts legislation extending the pass-through treatment of “interest-related dividends,” and we may elect to defer the payment of dividends in any year pending the resolution of this issue.

 

Furthermore, the middle-market companies in which we intend to invest are generally more susceptible to economic down-turns than larger operating companies, and therefore may be more likely to default on their payment obligations to us during recessionary periods, including the current economic environment. Any such defaults could substantially reduce our net investment income available for distribution to our shareholders.

 

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Valuation of Portfolio Securities. Investments are valued at the end of each calendar quarter. A portion of our investments may be in loans that do not have readily ascertainable market prices. Assets that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board and reviewed by the valuation committee of the Adviser. In connection with that determination, portfolio company valuations will be prepared using sources, preliminary valuations obtained from independent valuation firms, and/or proprietary models depending on the availability of information on our assets and the type of asset being valued, all in accordance with our valuation policy. The participation of the Adviser in the valuation process could result in a conflict of interest, since the Adviser’s management fee is based in part on our gross assets.

 

Because fair values, and particularly fair values of private securities and private companies, are inherently uncertain, may fluctuate over short periods of time, and are often based to a large extent on estimates, comparisons and qualitative evaluations of private information, our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been determined if a ready market for these securities existed. This could make it more difficult for our shareholders to value accurately our portfolio investments and could lead to undervaluation or overvaluation of our interests. In addition, the valuation of these types of securities may result in substantial write-downs and earnings volatility.

 

Net asset value as of a particular date may be materially greater than or less than the value that would be realized if assets were to be liquidated as of such date. For example, if we were required to sell a certain asset or all or a substantial portion of our assets on a particular date, the actual price that we would realize upon the disposition of such asset or assets could be materially less than the value of such asset or assets as reflected in our net asset value. Volatile market conditions could also cause reduced liquidity in the market for certain assets, which could result in liquidation values that are materially less than the values of such assets as reflected in net asset value.

 

Potential Fluctuations in Quarterly Results. We could experience fluctuations in our quarterly operating results due to a number of factors, including our ability or inability to make investments in companies that meet our investment criteria, the interest rate payable and default rates on the debt securities we acquire, the level of our expenses, variations in and the timing of the recognition of realized and unrealized gains or losses, the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets, and general economic conditions. As a result of these factors, results for any previous period should not be relied upon as indicative of performance in future periods. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, the value of an investment in our common stock and our ability to pay distributions.

 

Certain Provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, Our Charter, and Our Bylaws Could Deter Takeover Attempts. Our charter and our bylaws as well as the Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”) contains provisions that may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for the Company. Among other things, our charter, our bylaws, and the MGCL allow corporations to:

 

    provide that the Board is classified, which may delay the ability of shareholders to change the membership of a majority of the Board;

 

    elect not to provide for cumulative voting;

 

    provide that, except for vacancies on the Board caused by the removal of a director by shareholders before the time that we have four independent directors, newly created directorships and vacancies on the Board may be filled only by a majority vote of directors then in office;

 

    provide that directors may be removed only for cause, and only by a supermajority vote of shareholders entitled to elect such directors;

 

    provide that shareholders may only take action (i) at an annual or special meeting of shareholders or (ii) by unanimous written consent;

 

    require a supermajority vote of shareholders to effect amendments to certain provisions of our charter;

 

    vest in the Board the exclusive power to amend the bylaws; and

 

    require shareholders to provide advance notice of new business proposals and director nominations under specific procedures.

 

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In addition, the affirmative vote of at least 75% of the votes entitled to be cast thereon, with each class or series of stock voting as a separate class, in addition to the affirmative vote of at least 75% of the Board is required to effect a number of actions, including certain business combinations, that the holders of Shares may view as desirable or in their best interest.

 

Under the MGCL, certain “business combinations,” including mergers, consolidations, share exchanges, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, asset transfers or issuances or reclassifications of equity securities, between a Maryland corporation and any person who owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock, and certain other parties (each an “interested shareholder”), or an affiliate of the interested shareholder, are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested shareholder becomes an interested shareholder to the extent such statute is not superseded by applicable requirements of the 1940 Act. Thereafter, any of the specified business combinations must be approved by two supermajority votes of the shareholders unless, among other conditions, holders of the corporation’s common stock receive a minimum price for their shares.

 

These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change of control in circumstances that could give our shareholders the opportunity to realize a premium over the market price for our common stock.

 

1934 Act Filing Requirements. Because our common stock will be registered under the 1934 Act, ownership information for any person who beneficially owns 5% or more of our common stock will have to be disclosed in a Schedule 13G or other filings with the SEC. Beneficial ownership for these purposes is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and includes having voting or investment power over the securities. In some circumstances, our shareholders who choose to reinvest their dividends may see their percentage stake in the Company increased to more than 5%, thus triggering this filing requirement. Each shareholder is responsible for determining their filing obligations and preparing the filings. In addition, our shareholders who hold more than 10% of a class of our Shares may be subject to Section 16(b) of the 1934 Act, which recaptures for the benefit of the Company profits from the purchase and sale of registered stock within a six-month period.

 

Investment by ERISA Plans. We intend to conduct our operations so that they will not trigger “prohibited transactions” for benefit plan investors. We will use reasonable efforts to conduct our affairs so that our assets will not be deemed to be “plan assets” under the plan asset regulations promulgated by the Department of Labor. The fiduciary of each prospective benefit plan investor must independently determine that our stock is an appropriate investment for such plan, taking into account the fiduciary’s obligations under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and the facts and circumstances of each investing benefit plan.

 

Limited Liquidity. There is currently no public market for our common stock, and a market for our common stock may never develop. Our common stock is not registered under the 1933 Act, or any state securities law and is restricted as to transfer by law and the terms of our charter. Our shareholders generally may not sell, assign or transfer Shares without prior written consent of the Adviser, which the Adviser may grant or withhold in its sole discretion. Except in limited circumstances for legal or regulatory purposes, our shareholders are not entitled to redeem their Shares. Our shareholders must be prepared to bear the economic risk of an investment in our common stock for an indefinite period of time. While we may undertake an IPO or other liquidity option, there can be no assurance that a listing will be successfully completed. Furthermore, an IPO or other liquidity option does not ensure that an actual market will develop for a listed security.

 

If we have not consummated an IPO or other liquidity option by the six-year anniversary of the Initial Closing, subject to extension for two additional one-year periods, we intend to conduct repurchase offers to allow shareholders to tender Shares on a quarterly basis at a price per Share expected to reflect a recent NAV per Share. Any such share repurchase offer will be at the discretion of the Board and subject to applicable law. We intend to limit the number of Shares repurchased pursuant to any such repurchase offers to 2% of the weighted average number of Shares outstanding in the prior 12-month period., with the exact amount to be set by the Board. We will conduct any repurchase offers in accordance with Section 23 (c) of the 1940 Act and Rule 13e-4 under the 1934 Act. Although we intend to conduct repurchase offers on a quarterly basis if we have not consummated an IPO or other liquidity option by the six-year anniversary of the Initial Closing, the Board has complete and absolute discretion to determine whether we will engage in any Share repurchases and, if so, the terms of such repurchases. Therefore, we may ultimately not engage in any Share repurchases or may cease Share repurchases at any time, and shareholders may not be able to sell Shares at all. Shareholders should not assume or rely upon any expectation that we will offer to repurchase any of their Shares. The repurchase price per Share of future repurchase offers, if any, may be lower than the price per Share that shareholders paid for their Shares. In addition, in the event that a shareholder chooses to participate in a quarterly repurchase offer, the shareholder may be required to provide us with notice of intent to participate prior to knowing what the NAV per Share will be on the repurchase date. We anticipate that certain designated principals of the Adviser will agree not to participate in any repurchase offers.

 

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Additionally, if we have not consummated an IPO or other liquidity option by the ten-year anniversary of the Initial Closing, subject to extension for two additional one-year periods, in the sole discretion of the Board, we may apply for exemptive relief from the SEC which, if granted, would provide a liquidity option to allow shareholders to exchange their Shares for shares of common stock in the New BDC that will effectuate an orderly wind down. In order to effectuate this option, the Company expects it would need to, among other things, transfer to the New BDC, in exchange for newly issued shares of the New BDC, a pro rata portion of its assets and liabilities corresponding to the aggregate net asset value of the Shares of the shareholders that have elected to invest in the New BDC and thereafter exchange the New BDC shares received for the Shares of the electing shareholders. Such transfer of assets and liabilities and the mechanics relating thereto are referred to herein as the “Spin-Off”.

 

Because the Adviser would be managing both the Company and the New BDC, and the 1940 Act prohibits entities under common control from engaging in certain transactions, the Company will be required to rely on obtaining exemptive relief from the SEC to permit the transfer of assets from the Company to the New BDC, as well as with respect to other aspects relating to the Spin-Off. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain such exemptive relief from the SEC. Assuming the Company is able to obtain exemptive relief, the Board will then make the determination as to if and when it is appropriate to effectuate the Spin-Off. Upon the execution of the Spinoff, the Company would effectively be divided into two separate BDCs. The Company will continue to operate as an externally managed BDC and to conduct private offerings to raise capital and, in connection therewith, accept other subscription agreements from current and new shareholders wishing to invest in the Company. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such exemptive and/or no-action relief from the SEC. If we are unable to do so, then we will continue our operations in the manner otherwise set forth in this Registration Statement. Therefore, we may ultimately not engage in the Spin-Off transaction. Shareholders should not assume or rely upon any expectation that we will effectuate a Spin-Off transaction.

 

Our Shareholders May Experience Dilution. Our shareholders will not have preemptive rights to subscribe to or purchase any Shares issued in the future. To the extent we issue additional equity interests, including in a public offering or following a Subsequent Closing, a shareholder’s percentage ownership interest in the Company will be diluted. In addition, depending upon the terms and pricing of any additional offerings and the value of our investments, a shareholder may also experience dilution in the net asset value and fair value of our Shares.

 

Preferred Stock Could Be Issued. Under the terms of our charter, the Board is authorized, to the fullest extent permitted by the 1940 Act, to authorize us to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more classes or series without shareholder approval. The Board, subject to the terms of any class or series of stock outstanding at the time, is required to set the preferences, conversion, and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption of each class or series, including preferred stock with terms that might adversely affect the interest of our existing shareholders.

 

Significant Financial and Other Resources to Comply with the Requirements of Being a Public Entity. Upon the effectiveness of this Registration Statement we will be subject to the reporting requirements of the 1934 Act and requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. These requirements may place a strain on our systems and resources. The 1934 Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, which are discussed below. In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls, significant resources and management oversight will be required. We intend to implement procedures, processes, policies and practices for the purpose of addressing the standards and requirements applicable to public companies. These activities may divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We expect to incur significant additional annual expenses related to these steps and, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees, reporting requirements of the SEC, transfer agent fees, additional administrative expenses payable to the Administrator to compensate them for hiring additional accounting, legal and administrative personnel, increased auditing and legal fees and similar expenses.

 

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The systems and resources necessary to comply with public company reporting requirements will increase further once we cease to be an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As long as we remain an emerging growth company, we intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We will remain an emerging growth company for up to five years following an IPO, although if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30 before that time, we would cease to be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31.

 

We Do Not Currently Have Comprehensive Documentation of Our Internal Controls. We are not required to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including the internal control evaluation and certification requirements of Section 404 of that statute (“Section 404”), and will not be required to comply with all of those requirements until we have been subject to the reporting requirements of the 1934 Act for a specified period of time or the date we are no longer an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act. Accordingly, our internal controls over financial reporting do not currently meet all of the standards contemplated by Section 404 that we will eventually be required to meet. We are in the process of addressing our internal controls over financial reporting and are establishing formal procedures, policies, processes and practices related to financial reporting and to the identification of key financial reporting risks, assessment of their potential impact and linkage of those risks to specific areas and activities within the Company.

 

Additionally, we have begun the process of documenting our internal control procedures to satisfy the requirements of Section 404, which requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. Our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until the later of the year following our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC, or the date we are no longer an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act. Because we do not currently have comprehensive documentation of our internal controls and have not yet tested our internal controls in accordance with Section 404, we cannot conclude in accordance with Section 404 that we do not have a material weakness in our internal controls or a combination of significant deficiencies that could result in the conclusion that we have a material weakness in our internal controls. As a public entity, we will be required to complete our initial assessment in a timely manner. If we are not able to implement the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, our operations, financial reporting or financial results could be adversely affected. Matters impacting our internal controls may cause us to be unable to report our financial information on a timely basis and thereby subject us to adverse regulatory consequences, including sanctions by the SEC or violations of applicable stock exchange listing rules, and result in a breach of the covenants under the agreements governing any of our financing arrangements. There could also be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of investor confidence in the Company and the reliability of our financial statements. Confidence in the reliability of our financial statements could also suffer if we or our independent registered public accounting firm were to report a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting. This could materially adversely affect us and, following an IPO, lead to a decline in the market price of our common stock.

 

We Could Raise Capital Through Other Channels. The Board may determine to raise additional capital through other channels, including through private offerings or an IPO. Capital raised through other channels could subject us to additional regulatory requirements. For example, an IPO would require us to comply with the rules of the relevant securities exchange. See “Item 11. Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered.” These additional provisions could, among other things, affect our shareholders and limit the ability of the Company and the Adviser to take certain actions. In addition, if capital is raised through other channels, we would have to use financial and other resources to file any required registration statements and to comply with any additional regulatory requirements.

 

Terrorist Attacks, Acts of War or Natural Disasters. Terrorist acts, acts of war or natural disasters may disrupt our operations, as well as the operations of the businesses in which we invest. Such acts have created, and continue to create, economic and political uncertainties and have contributed to recent global economic instability. Future terrorist activities, military or security operations, or natural disasters could further weaken the domestic/global economies and create additional uncertainties, which may negatively impact the businesses in which we invest directly or indirectly and, in turn, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Losses from terrorist attacks and natural disasters are generally uninsurable.

 

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Cyber-security Risks. A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our information resources. These incidents may be an intentional attack or an unintentional event and could involve gaining unauthorized access to our information systems for purposes of misappropriating assets, stealing confidential information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. The result of these incidents may include disrupted operations, misstated or unreliable financial data, liability for stolen information, misappropriation of assets, increased cyber-security protection and insurance costs, litigation and damage to our business relationships. This could result in significant losses, reputational damage, litigation, regulatory fines or penalties, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures and to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from operational and security risks. We face risks posed to our information systems, both internal and those provided to us by third-party service providers. We, the Adviser and our affiliates have implemented processes, procedures and internal controls to help mitigate cyber-security risks and cyber intrusions, but these measures, as well as our increased awareness of the nature and extent of a risk of a cyber incident, may be ineffective and do not guarantee that a cyber incident will not occur or that our financial results, operations or confidential information will not be negatively impacted by such an incident.

 

Third parties with which we intend to do business (including those that provide services to us) may also be sources or targets of cyber-security or other technological risks. We intend to outsource certain functions and these relationships may allow for the storage and processing of our information and assets, as well as certain investor, counterparty, employee and borrower information. While we intend to engage in actions to reduce our exposure resulting from outsourcing, ongoing threats may result in unauthorized access, loss, exposure or destruction of data, or other cyber-security incidents, with increased costs and other consequences, including those described above. Privacy and information security laws and regulation changes, and compliance with those changes, may also result in cost increases due to system changes and the development of new administrative processes.

 

State Licensing Requirements. We may be required to obtain various state licenses in order to, among other things, originate commercial loans. Applying for and obtaining required licenses can be costly and take several months. There is no assurance that we will obtain all of the licenses that we need on a timely basis. Furthermore, we will be subject to various information and other requirements in order to obtain and maintain these licenses, and there is no assurance that we will satisfy those requirements. Our failure to obtain or maintain licenses might restrict investment options and have other adverse consequences.

 

Risks Related to RICs and BDCs

 

We Will be Subject to Corporate-level U.S. Federal Income Tax if We are Unable to Qualify as a RIC. Although we intend to elect to be treated as a RIC as soon as practicable following our election to be a BDC, no assurance can be given that we will be able to qualify for and maintain our qualification as a RIC. To obtain and maintain our qualification as a RIC, we must meet the following source-of-income, asset diversification, and distribution requirements.

 

The income source requirement will be satisfied if we obtain at least 90% of our gross income for each year from dividends, interest, foreign currency, payments with respect to loans of certain securities, gains from the sale of stock or other securities, net income from certain “qualified publicly traded partnerships,” or similar sources.

 

The asset diversification requirement will be satisfied if we meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of our taxable year. Failure to meet those requirements may result in us having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of our qualification as a RIC. Because most of our investments will be in private companies, and therefore will be relatively illiquid, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and could result in substantial losses. We may have difficulty satisfying the diversification requirement during our ramp-up phase until we have a portfolio of investments.

 

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The annual distribution requirement will be satisfied if we distribute to our shareholders on an annual basis at least 90% of our net ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any. Because we may use debt financing, we are subject to certain asset coverage ratio requirements under the 1940 Act and financial covenants under loan and credit agreements that could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to satisfy the distribution requirement. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we could fail to qualify as a RIC.

 

If we fail to qualify as a RIC for any reason and therefore become subject to corporate income tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of our distributions.

 

Limits on Capital Raising; Asset Coverage Ratio. Our business will require a substantial amount of capital. However, we may not be able to raise additional capital in the future on favorable terms or at all. We may issue debt securities, other evidences of indebtedness or preferred stock, and may borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, which are referred to collectively herein as “senior securities,” up to the maximum amount permitted by the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act will permit us to issue senior securities in amounts such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 200% after each issuance of senior securities. Our ability to pay dividends or issue additional senior securities would be restricted if our asset coverage ratio were not at least 200%. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test. If that happens, we may be required to liquidate a portion of our investments and repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when such sales or repayment may be disadvantageous. As a result of issuing senior securities, we will also be exposed to typical risks associated with leverage, including an increased risk of loss. If we issue preferred stock, such preferred stock will rank “senior” to our common stock in our capital structure, preferred shareholders will have separate voting rights for certain purposes and may have rights, preferences or privileges more favorable than those of our common stock and the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our shareholders or otherwise be in the best interest of our shareholders.

 

To the extent we are constrained in our ability to issue debt or other senior securities, we will depend on issuances of capital stock to finance our operations. As a BDC, we will not generally be able to issue our common stock at a price below net asset value without first obtaining required approvals of our shareholders and our independent directors. If we raise additional funds by issuing more of our common stock or senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our common stock, the percentage ownership of our shareholders at that time would decrease and our shareholders may experience dilution. In addition to issuing securities to raise capital as described above, we could, in the future, securitize our loans to generate cash for funding new investments. An inability to successfully securitize our loan portfolio could limit our ability to grow our business, fully execute our business strategy and improve our profitability.

 

Legislation May Allow Us to Incur Additional Leverage. As a BDC, generally, we are not permitted to incur indebtedness unless immediately after such borrowing we have an asset coverage for total borrowings of at least 200% (i.e., the amount of debt may not exceed 50% of the value of our assets). If recent legislation in the U.S. House of Representatives is passed, or similar legislation is introduced, it would modify this section of the 1940 Act and increase the amount of debt that BDCs may incur by modifying the asset coverage percentage from 200% to 150%. As a result, we may be able to incur additional indebtedness in the future, and our shareholders may face increased investment risk.

 

Our Management Fee May Increase if We Incur Additional Leverage. Since our management fee is calculated as a percentage of the value of our gross assets, which includes any borrowings for investment purposes, the management fee expenses will increase if we incur additional indebtedness. Additionally, because the Adviser makes the determination as to whether the Company will incur indebtedness, there may be an incentive for the Adviser to incur additional indebtedness in order to receive a higher management fee. Because the management fee is calculated on gross assets, including uninvested cash, there may be an incentive for the Adviser to hold funds in uninvested cash in order to receive a higher management fee.

 

We May Have Difficulty Paying Our Required Distributions if We Recognize Income Before or Without Receiving Cash Representing Such Income. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we will include in our taxable income certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as original issue discount, which may arise if we receive warrants in connection with the origination of a loan or possibly in other circumstances, or contractual “payment-in-kind,” or PIK, interest, which represents contractual interest added to the loan balance and due at the end of the loan term. Such original issue discount or increases in loan balances as a result of contractual PIK arrangements will be included in our taxable income before we receive any corresponding cash payments. We also may be required to include in our taxable income certain other amounts that we will not receive in cash. Since, in certain cases, we may recognize taxable income before or without receiving corresponding cash payments, we may have difficulty meeting the annual distribution requirement necessary to maintain our qualification as a RIC. Accordingly, to satisfy our RIC distribution requirements, we may have to sell some of our investments at times or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forgo new investment opportunities. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC and thus become subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax. For additional discussion regarding the tax implications of our election to be taxed as a RIC, please see “Item 1(c). Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company.”

 

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To the extent original issue discount and PIK-interest constitute a portion of our income, we will be exposed to typical risks associated with such income being required to be included in taxable and accounting income prior to receipt of cash representing such income. Our investments may include original-issue-discount instruments and contractual PIK-interest arrangements. To the extent original issue discount or PIK-interest constitutes a portion of our income, we are exposed to typical risks associated with such income being required to be included in taxable and accounting income prior to receipt of cash, including the following:

 

    The higher interest rates of original issue discount and PIK instruments reflect the payment deferral and increased credit risk associated with these instruments, and original issue discount and PIK instruments generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans.

 

    Even if the accounting conditions for income accrual are met, the borrower could still default when our actual collection is supposed to occur at the maturity of the obligation.

 

    Original issue discount and PIK instruments may have unreliable valuations because their continuing accruals require continuing judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral. Original issue discount and PIK income may also create uncertainty about the source of our cash distributions.

 

    To the extent we provide loans with interest-only payments or moderate loan amortization, the majority of the principal payment or amortization of principal may be deferred until loan maturity. Because this debt generally allows the borrower to make a large lump-sum payment of principal at the end of the loan term, there is a risk of loss if the borrower is unable to pay the lump sum or refinance the amount owed at maturity.

 

    For accounting purposes, any cash distributions to shareholders representing original issue discount and PIK-income are not treated as coming from paid-in capital, even though the cash to pay them comes from offering proceeds. As a result, despite the fact that a distribution representing original issue discount and PIK-income could be paid out of amounts invested by our shareholders, the 1940 Act does not require that shareholders be given notice of this fact by reporting it as a return of capital.

 

    An election to defer PIK interest payments by adding them to principal increases our gross assets and, thus, increases future base management fees to the Adviser and, because interest payments will then be payable on a larger principal amount, the PIK election also increases the Adviser’s future income incentive fees at a compounding rate.
       
    Market prices of OID instruments are more volatile because they are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes than instruments that pay interest periodically in cash.
       
    The deferral of interest on a PIK loan increases its loan-to-value ratio, which is a measure of the riskiness of a loan.
       
    OID creates the risk of non-refundable cash payments to the Adviser based on non-cash accruals that may never be realized.
       
    The required recognition of OID, including PIK, interest for U.S. federal income tax purposes may have a negative impact on liquidity, because it represents a non-cash component of the Company’s taxable income that must, nevertheless, be distributed in cash to investors to avoid it being subject to corporate level taxation.

 

Distribution and Asset Coverage Ratio Requirements May Impact Company’s Ability to Grow. In order to satisfy the requirements applicable to RICs and to avoid payment of excise taxes, we intend to distribute to our shareholders substantially all of our ordinary income and capital gain net income except for certain net capital gains, which we intend to retain and to elect to treat as deemed distributions to our shareholders. As a BDC, we are generally required to meet a coverage ratio of total assets to total senior securities, which would include all of our borrowings and any preferred stock that we may issue in the future, of at least 200%. This requirement will limit the amount that we may borrow. Because we will continue to need capital to grow our loan and investment portfolio, this limitation may prevent us from incurring debt and require us to raise additional equity at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. While we expect to be able to borrow and to issue additional debt and equity securities, there is no assurance that debt and equity financing will be available to us on favorable terms or at all. In addition, as a BDC, we are not permitted to issue equity securities priced below net asset value without shareholder and independent director approval. However, if we do obtain the necessary approvals to issue securities at prices below their net asset values, a shareholder’s investment in our common stock will experience dilution as a result of such issuance. If additional funds are not available to us, we could be forced to curtail or cease our lending and investment activities, and our net asset value could decrease.

 

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Unrealized Depreciation on Our Loan Portfolio May Be an Indication of Future Realized Losses and Reduction in Income Available for Distribution. As a BDC, we are required to carry our investments at market value or, if no market value is ascertainable, at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board. Decreases in the market values or fair values of our investments will be recorded as unrealized depreciation. Any unrealized depreciation in our loan portfolio could be an indication of a portfolio company’s inability to meet its repayment obligations to us with respect to the loans whose market values or fair values decreased. This could result in realized losses in the future and ultimately in reductions of our income available for distribution in future periods.

 

Qualifying Asset Requirements. As a BDC, we may not acquire any assets other than “qualifying assets” unless, at the time of such acquisition, at least 70% of our total assets are qualifying assets. Therefore, we may be precluded from investing in what we believe are attractive investments if such investments are not qualifying assets. Similarly, these rules could prevent us from making additional investments in existing portfolio companies, which could result in the dilution of our position, or could require us to dispose of investments at an inopportune time to comply with the 1940 Act. If we were forced to sell non-qualifying investments for compliance purposes, the proceeds from such sale could be significantly less than the current value of such investments. Conversely, if we failed to invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets, we could lose our status as a BDC, which would subject us to substantially more regulatory restrictions and significantly decrease our operating flexibility.

 

Limits on Transactions with Affiliates. We are prohibited under the 1940 Act from participating in certain transactions with certain of our affiliates without the prior approval of a majority of the independent members of the Board and, in some cases, the SEC. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of our outstanding voting securities will be our affiliate for purposes of the 1940 Act, and we will generally be prohibited from buying or selling any securities from or to such affiliate, absent the prior approval of the Board. The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain of our affiliates, which could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times), without prior approval of the Board and, in some cases, the SEC. If a person acquires more than 25% of our voting securities, we will be prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to such person or certain of that person’s affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with such persons absent the prior approval of the SEC. Similar restrictions limit our ability to transact business with our officers or directors or their affiliates. We may apply for an exemptive order from the SEC which would allow us, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, to enter into transactions with certain of our affiliates. There are no assurances that such exemptive relief will be granted in a timely manner or at all. These restrictions may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us.

 

Risks Related to the Adviser

 

The Adviser Has no Prior Experience Managing a BDC. The Adviser has no prior experience managing a BDC. The 1940 Act imposes numerous constraints on the operations of BDCs that do not apply to the other types of investment vehicles. For example, under the 1940 Act, BDCs are generally required to invest at least 70% of their total assets primarily in securities of qualifying U.S. private or thinly traded companies. The failure to comply with these provisions in a timely manner could prevent us from qualifying as a BDC, which could be material. The Adviser’s lack of experience in managing a portfolio of assets under such constraints may hinder our ability to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities and, as a result, achieve our investment objective.

 

Conflicts Related to Obligations the Adviser Has to Other Clients. Certain Adviser personnel serve, or may serve, as officers, directors, members, or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as we do, or of investment funds, accounts, or investment vehicles managed by the Adviser or affiliates of the Adviser. Similarly, the Adviser may have other clients with similar, different or competing investment objectives. In serving in these multiple capacities, the Adviser and certain personnel may have obligations to other clients or investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which may not be in the best interests of the Company or our shareholders. In addition, prior to an IPO and in accordance with its obligations under the 1940 Act, the Adviser intends to agree to allow certain shareholders the opportunity to participate in certain investment opportunities that we may decide to participate in. The Adviser intends to allocate any investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner; however, there is no assurance that that we will be able to participate in all investment opportunities or that investment opportunities will be allocated in a fair and equitable manner.

 

Possession of Material Non-Public Information, Limiting the Adviser’s Investment Discretion. Adviser personnel, including members of the Investment Committee, may serve as directors of, or in a similar capacity with, portfolio companies in which we invest, the securities of which are purchased or sold on our behalf. In the event that material non-public information is obtained with respect to such companies, or we become subject to trading restrictions under the internal trading policies of those companies or as a result of applicable law or regulations, we could be prohibited for a period of time from purchasing or selling the securities of such companies, and this prohibition may have an adverse effect on us.

 

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Management Fees and Incentive Fees. Even in the event the value of a shareholder’s investment declines, the management fee and, in certain circumstances, the incentive fee will still be payable to the Adviser. The management fee is calculated as a percentage of the value of our gross assets and our shareholders’ remaining unfunded Capital Commitments to us at a specific time, which would include any borrowings for investment purposes, and may give the Adviser an incentive to use leverage to make additional investments and because it is based, in part, on our shareholders’ remaining unfunded Capital Commitments to us, it may be payable even when we have limited invested assets. In addition, the management fee is payable regardless of whether the value of our gross assets has decreased. The use of increased leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would disfavor our shareholders. Given the subjective nature of the investment decisions that the Adviser will make on our behalf, we may not be able to monitor this potential conflict of interest. Additionally, because the management fee is calculated on gross assets, including uninvested cash, the Adviser may continue to collect a management fee even if the Company fails to identify and make investments.

 

One component of the incentive fee is calculated as a percentage of pre-incentive fee net investment income. Since pre-incentive fee net investment income does not include any realized capital gains, realized capital losses, or unrealized capital appreciation or depreciation, it is possible that we may pay an incentive fee in a quarter in which we incur a loss. For example, if we receive pre-incentive fee net investment income in excess of the quarterly hurdle rate, we will pay the applicable incentive fee even if we have incurred a loss in that quarter due to realized and unrealized capital losses. In addition, because the quarterly hurdle rate is calculated based on our net assets, decreases in net assets due to realized or unrealized capital losses in any given quarter may increase the likelihood that the hurdle rate is reached in that quarter and, as a result, that an incentive fee is paid for that quarter. Our net investment income used to calculate this component of the incentive fee is also included in the amount of our gross assets used to calculate the management fee.

 

The second component of the incentive fee is calculated annually based upon our realized capital gains, computed net of realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis. As a result, we may owe the Adviser an incentive fee during one year as a result of realized capital gains on certain investments, and then later incur significant realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on the remaining investments in our portfolio during subsequent years. Incentive fees earned in prior years cannot be clawed back even if we later incur losses.

 

In addition, the incentive fee payable by us to the Adviser may create an incentive for the Adviser to make investments on our behalf that are risky or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such a compensation arrangement. The Adviser receives the incentive fee based, in part, upon capital gains realized on our investments. Unlike the portion of the incentive fee that is based on net investment income, there is no hurdle rate applicable to the portion of the capital gains incentive fee. As a result, the Adviser may have an incentive to invest more in companies whose securities are likely to yield capital gains, as compared to income-producing investments. Such a practice could result in us making more speculative investments than would otherwise be the case, which could result in higher investment losses, particularly during cyclical economic downturns.

 

Limitation on Liability of the Adviser. The Investment Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser, its officers, members and personnel, and any person controlling or controlled by the Adviser will not be liable to us or our shareholders for acts or omissions performed in accordance with and pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, except those resulting from acts constituting gross negligence, willful misconduct, bad faith or reckless disregard of the duties that Adviser owes to us under the Investment Advisory Agreement. In addition, as part of the Investment Advisory Agreement, we have agreed to indemnify the Adviser and each of its officers, directors, members, managers and employees from and against any claims or liabilities, including reasonable legal fees and other expenses reasonably incurred, arising out of or in connection with our business and operations or any action taken or omitted on our behalf pursuant to authority granted by the Investment Advisory Agreement, except where attributable to gross negligence, willful misconduct, bad faith or reckless disregard of such person’s duties under the Investment Advisory Agreement. These protections may lead the Adviser to act in a riskier manner when acting on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account.

 

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Related Party Agreement. The Investment Advisory Agreement was negotiated between related parties. Consequently, its terms, including fees payable to the Adviser, may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party.

 

Risks Associated with Our Investments

 

Nature of Investments. We intend to invest in mezzanine loans, convertible debt securities, and to a lesser extent, equity-related securities including warrants, preferred stock and similar forms of senior equity, which may or may not be convertible into a portfolio company’s common equity.

 

Mezzanine Loans. Our mezzanine loans generally will be subordinated to senior secured loans on a payment basis, are typically unsecured and rank pari passu with other unsecured creditors. As such, other creditors may rank senior to us in the event of insolvency. This may result in an above average amount of risk and loss of principal.

 

Convertible Debt Securities. Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible securities of similar quality. The market values of convertible securities tend to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, to increase as interest rates decline. In the absence of adequate anti-dilution provisions in a convertible security, dilution in the value of the Company’s holding may occur in the event the underlying stock is subdivided, additional equity securities are issued for below market value, a stock dividend is declared or the issuer enters into another type of corporate transaction that has a similar effect.

 

The value of a convertible security is influenced by the value of the underlying equity security. Convertible debt securities and preferred stocks may depreciate in value if the market value of the underlying equity security declines or if rates of interest increase. In addition, although debt securities are liabilities of a corporation which the corporation is generally obligated to repay at a specified time, debt securities, particularly convertible debt securities, are often subordinated to the claims of some or all of the other creditors of the corporation.

 

Mandatory conversion securities (securities that automatically convert into equity securities at a future date) may limit the potential for capital appreciation and, in some instances, are subject to complete loss of invested capital. Other innovative convertibles include “equity-linked” securities, which are securities or derivatives that may have fixed, variable, or no interest payments prior to maturity, may convert (at the option of the holder or on a mandatory basis) into cash or a combination of cash and equity securities, and may be structured to limit the potential for capital appreciation. Equity-linked securities may be illiquid and difficult to value and may be subject to greater credit risk than that of other convertibles. Moreover, mandatory conversion securities and equity-linked securities have increased the sensitivity of the convertible securities market to the volatility of the equity markets and to the special risks of those innovations, which may include risks different from, and possibly greater than, those associated with traditional convertible securities.

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer will fail to pay interest or dividends and principal in a timely manner. Companies that issue convertible securities may be small to medium-size, and they often have low credit ratings. In addition, the credit rating of a company’s convertible securities is generally lower than that of its conventional debt securities. Convertible securities are normally considered “junior” securities—that is, the company usually must pay interest on its conventional debt before it can make payments on its convertible securities. Credit risk could be high for the Company, because it could invest in securities with low credit quality. The lower a debt security is rated, the greater its default risk. As a result, the Company may incur cost and delays in enforcing its rights against the issuer.
   
Market Risk. Although convertible securities do derive part of their value from that of the securities into which they are convertible, they are not considered derivative financial instruments. However, the Company’s mandatory convertible securities include features which render them more sensitive to price changes of their underlying securities. Thus they expose the Company to greater downside risk than traditional convertible securities, but generally less than that of the underlying equity security.
   
Interest Rate Risk for Convertible Securities. Market interest rates are currently significantly below historical average rates, which results in more pronounced interest rate risk in the current market environment. These factors increase the risk that the market interest rates will rise or continue to rise in the future, with a corresponding decline in the value of convertible securities held by the Company. Convertible securities are particularly sensitive to interest rate changes when their predetermined conversion price is much higher than the issuing company’s common stock price.

 

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Additionally, preferred stocks are equity securities in the sense that they do not represent a liability of the corporation. In the event of liquidation of the corporation, and after its creditors have been paid or provided for, holders of preferred stock are generally entitled to a preference as to the assets of the corporation before any distribution may be made to the holders of common stock. Debt securities normally do not have voting rights. Preferred stocks may have no voting rights or may have voting rights only under certain circumstances.

 

Equity-related Investments. When we invest in first and second lien loans, unitranche loans, or mezzanine loans, we may acquire equity securities in a portfolio company. In addition, we may invest directly in the equity securities of portfolio companies. Our goal is ultimately to dispose of such equity interests and realize gains upon our disposition of such interests. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.

 

In addition, our investments are likely to be in lower grade obligations. The lower grade investments in which we invest may be rated below investment grade (often referred to as “junk”) by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating agencies at the time of investment or may be unrated but determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. Loans or debt securities rated below investment grade are considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The major risks of non-investment grade investments include:

 

    Non-investment grade securities may be issued by less creditworthy issuers. Issuers of non-investment grade securities may have a larger amount of outstanding debt relative to their assets than issuers of investment grade securities. In the event of an issuer’s bankruptcy, claims of other creditors may have priority over the claims of holders of non-investment grade securities, leaving few or no assets available to repay holders of non-investment grade securities.

 

    Prices of non-investment grade securities are subject to extreme price fluctuations. Adverse changes in an issuer’s industry and general economic conditions may have a greater impact on the prices of non-investment grade securities than on other higher rated fixed-income securities.

 

    Issuers of non-investment grade securities may be unable to meet their interest or principal payment obligations because of an economic downturn, specific issuer developments, or the unavailability of additional financing.

 

    Non-investment grade securities frequently have redemption features that permit an issuer to repurchase the security from us before it matures. If the issuer redeems non-investment grade securities, we may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields and may reduce income.

 

    Non-investment grade securities may be less liquid than higher rated fixed-income securities, even under normal economic conditions. There are fewer dealers in the non-investment grade securities market, and there may be significant differences in the prices quoted by the dealers. Judgment may play a greater role in valuing these securities and we may be unable to sell these securities at an advantageous time or price.

 

    We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting issuer.

 

The credit rating of a high yield security does not necessarily address its market value risk. Ratings and market value may change from time to time, positively or negatively, to reflect new developments regarding the issuer.

 

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Risks Associated with Investments in Middle-Market Companies. Investment in private and middle-market companies involves a number of significant risks including:

 

    such companies may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt securities that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of us realizing any guarantees we may have obtained in connection with its investment;

 

    such companies typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as to general economic downturns;

 

    such companies are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on the portfolio company and, in turn, on us;

 

    such companies generally have less predictable operating results, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position;

 

    debt investments in such companies generally may have a significant portion of principal due at the maturity of the investment, which would result in a substantial loss to us if such borrowers are unable to refinance or repay their debt at maturity;

 

    our executive officers, directors and the Adviser may, in the ordinary course of business, be named as defendants in litigation arising from our investments in such companies;

 

    such companies generally have less publicly available information about their businesses, operations and financial condition and, if we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision; and

 

    such companies may have difficulty accessing the capital markets to meet future capital needs, which may limit their ability to grow or to repay their outstanding indebtedness upon maturity.

 

Risks Associated with Equity Investments. Our investments may include equity related securities, such as rights and warrants that may be converted into or exchanged for the issuer’s common stock or the cash value of the issuer’s common stock. In addition, we intend to make direct equity investments in portfolio companies. The equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience. We will generally have little, if any, control over the timing of any gains we may realize from our equity investments. We may also be unable to realize any value if a portfolio company does not have a liquidity event, such as a sale of the business, recapitalization or public offering, which would allow us to sell the underlying equity interests. We may be unable to exercise any put rights we acquire, which would grant us the right to sell our equity securities back to the portfolio company, for the consideration provided in its investment documents if the issuer is in financial distress.

 

Portfolio Company Debt and Equity. Our portfolio companies may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt or issue equity securities that rank equally with, or senior to, the debt in which we invest. By their terms, such debt instruments or equity securities may entitle the holders to receive payment of dividends, interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments with respect to our investments. These debt instruments or equity securities would usually prohibit the portfolio companies from paying interest on or repaying our investments in the event and during the continuance of a default under such debt or equity securities. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of debt instruments or equity securities ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution in respect of our investment. After repaying such senior creditors, such portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of debt or equity securities ranking equally with debt instruments in which we invest, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other creditors holding such debt or equity in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company.

 

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Subordinated Liens on Collateral. Certain debt investments that we may make in portfolio companies will be secured on a second priority basis by the same collateral securing senior secured debt of such companies. The first priority liens on the collateral will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under any outstanding senior debt and may secure certain other future debt that may be permitted to be incurred by the company under the agreements governing the debt. The holders of obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral will generally control the liquidation of and be entitled to receive proceeds from any realization of the collateral to repay their obligations in full before we are so entitled. In addition, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from the sale or sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens after payment in full of all obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral. If such proceeds are not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens, then, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, we will only have an unsecured claim against the company’s remaining assets, if any.

 

We may also make unsecured debt investments in portfolio companies, meaning that such investments may not benefit from any interest in collateral of such companies. Liens on such portfolio companies’ collateral, if any, will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under its outstanding secured debt and may secure certain future debt that is permitted to be incurred by the portfolio company under its secured debt agreements. The holders of obligations secured by such liens will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of such collateral to repay their obligations in full before we are so entitled. In addition, the value of such collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of such collateral would be sufficient to satisfy its unsecured debt obligations after payment in full of all secured debt obligations. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay the outstanding secured debt obligations, then its unsecured claims would rank equally with the unpaid portion of such secured creditors’ claims against the portfolio company’s remaining assets, if any.

 

The rights we may have with respect to the collateral securing the debt investments we make in portfolio companies with senior debt outstanding may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more inter-creditor agreements that we enter into with the holders of senior debt. Under such an inter-creditor agreement, at any time that obligations that have the benefit of the first priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the obligations secured by the first priority liens: the ability to cause the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the collateral; the ability to control the conduct of such proceedings; the approval of amendments to collateral documents; releases of liens on the collateral; and waivers of past defaults under collateral documents. We may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if our rights are adversely affected.

 

Our Investments Will Be Illiquid and Long Term. We will generally make loans to private companies that are illiquid and may be difficult for us to sell if the need arises. Although portfolio financings and investments by us may generate current income, the return of capital and the realization of gains, if any, from a financing or investment generally will occur only upon the partial or complete satisfaction of the financing conditions or disposition of such investment, which may not occur for a number of years after the investment is made. If we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we had previously recorded such investments. In addition, we will not be able to sell securities we purchase publicly, if we hold any, unless the sale of such securities is registered under applicable securities laws, or unless an exemption from such registration requirements is available. In addition, in some cases we may be prohibited by contract from selling certain securities we invest in for a period of time or we may face other restrictions on our ability to liquidate an investment in a portfolio company to the extent that we hold a significant portion of a company’s equity or if we have material non-public information regarding that company. Furthermore, under the 1940 Act, if there is no readily available market for these investments, we are required to carry these investments at fair value as determined by the Board. As a result, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we had previously recorded these investments.

 

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Limited Number of Portfolio Companies. To the extent we assume large positions in the securities of a small number of issuers or industries, our net asset value may fluctuate to a greater extent than that of a more diversified investment company as a result of changes in the financial condition or the market’s assessment of the issuer. In addition, the aggregate returns we realize may be significantly adversely affected if a small number of investments perform poorly or if we need to write down the value of any one investment. Additionally, a downturn in any particular industry in which we are invested could significantly affect our aggregate returns.

 

Follow-on Investments in Portfolio Companies. Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, we may make additional investments in that portfolio company as “follow-on” investments, in seeking to:

 

    increase or maintain in whole or in part our position as a creditor or equity ownership percentage in a portfolio company;

 

    exercise warrants, options or convertible securities that were acquired in the original or subsequent financing; or

 

    preserve or enhance the value of our investment.

 

We have discretion to make follow-on investments, subject to the availability of capital resources. Failure on our part to make follow-on investments may, in some circumstances, jeopardize the continued viability of a portfolio company and our initial investment, or may result in a missed opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation.

 

Portfolio Company Leverage. Our portfolio companies will typically have capital structures with significant leverage. Leveraged companies in which we invest may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their loans and debt securities that we hold. Although the Adviser will seek to structure transactions in an attempt to minimize these risks, such leverage may increase our exposure to adverse economic factors such as rising interest rates, downturns in the general economy or deterioration in the condition of the portfolio company or its sector in its particular industry. Such developments may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of us realizing any guarantees that we may have obtained in connection with our investment. Smaller leveraged companies also may have less predictable operating results and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance their expansion or maintain their competitive position.

 

A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, acceleration of the time when the loans are due and foreclosure on its assets representing collateral for its obligations, which could trigger cross defaults under other agreements and jeopardize the value of any equity securities we own and the portfolio company’s ability to meet its obligations under any debt that we hold. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting portfolio company.

 

Defaults by Portfolio Companies. A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its assets. This could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize such portfolio company’s ability to meet its obligations under the loans or debt or equity securities that we hold. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting portfolio company.

 

Prepayments by Portfolio Companies. We will be subject to the risk that the debt investments we make in portfolio companies may be repaid prior to maturity. The Adviser expects that our investments will generally allow for repayment at any time subject to certain penalties. When this occurs, the Adviser may reinvest a portion of these proceeds in temporary investments, pending their future investment in accordance with our investment strategy. These temporary investments will typically have substantially lower yields than the debt being prepaid, and we could experience significant delays in reinvesting these amounts. Any future investment may also be at lower yields than the debt that was repaid. As a result, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected if one or more of our portfolio companies elect to prepay amounts owed to us.

 

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Economic Recessions or Downturns. Our portfolio companies may be susceptible to economic downturns or recessions. During these periods the value of our portfolio may decrease if we are required to write down the values of our investments. Adverse economic conditions may also decrease the value of our equity investments and the value of collateral securing any debt instruments that we hold. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets which could harm our operating results. In addition, a prolonged economic downturn or recession could extend our investment time horizon by limiting our ability to achieve timely liquidity events, such as a sale, merger or IPO or the refinancing of our debt investments, and could ultimately impact our ability to realize anticipated investment returns.

 

Risks Related to Non-Controlling Investments. At least a majority of investments we make will be non-controlling investments, meaning we will not be in a position to control the management, operation and strategic decision-making of the companies in which we invest. As a result, we will be subject to the risk that a portfolio company we do not control, or in which we do not have a majority ownership position, may make business decisions with which we disagree, and the equity holders and management of such a portfolio company may take risks or otherwise act in ways that are adverse to our interests. Due to the lack of liquidity for the debt investments that we will typically hold in our portfolio companies, we may not be able to dispose of our investments in the event that we disagree with the actions of a portfolio company, and may therefore suffer a decrease in the value of such portfolio company.

 

Our investments in the healthcare sector face considerable uncertainties including substantial regulatory challenges. Our investments in the healthcare sector are subject to substantial risks. The laws and rules governing the business of healthcare companies and interpretations of those laws and rules are subject to frequent change. Broad latitude is given to the agencies administering those regulations. Existing or future laws and rules could force our portfolio companies engaged in healthcare to change how they do business, restrict revenue, increase costs, change reserve levels and change business practices.

 

Healthcare companies often must obtain and maintain regulatory approvals to market many of their products, change prices for certain regulated products and consummate some of their acquisitions and divestitures. Delays in obtaining or failing to obtain or maintain these approvals could reduce revenue or increase costs. Policy changes on the local, state and federal level, such as the expansion of the government’s role in the healthcare arena and alternative assessments and tax increases specific to the healthcare industry or healthcare products as part of federal health care reform initiatives, could fundamentally change the dynamics of the healthcare industry. In addition, insurance company and other reimbursement rates may be subject to change, often with little notice, and decreases in such rates could materially adversely affect the value of the healthcare companies in our portfolio.

 

Changes in healthcare laws and other regulations, or the enforcement or interpretation of such laws or regulations, applicable to some of our portfolio companies’ businesses may constrain their ability to offer their products and services.

 

Changes in healthcare or other laws and regulations, or the enforcement or interpretation of such laws or regulations, applicable to the businesses of some of our portfolio companies may occur that could increase their compliance and other costs of doing business, require significant systems enhancements, or render their products or services less profitable or obsolete, any of which could have a material adverse effect on their results of operations. There has also been an increased political and regulatory focus on healthcare laws in recent years, and new legislation could have a material effect on the business and operations of some of our portfolio companies.

 

Additionally, it is possible that new legislation will be introduced and passed by the Republican-controlled Congress repealing certain healthcare laws and regulation in whole or in part and signed into law by President Trump, consistent with statements made by him during his presidential campaign and presidency thus far indicating his intention to do so. Because of the continued uncertainty surrounding the healthcare industry, including the potential for further legal challenges or repeal of existing legislation, we cannot quantify or predict with any certainty the likely impact on our portfolio companies, our business model, prospects, financial condition or results of operations. We also anticipate that Congress, state legislatures, and third-party payors may continue to review and assess alternative healthcare delivery and payment systems and may in the future propose and adopt legislation or policy changes or implementations effecting additional fundamental changes in the healthcare delivery system. We cannot assure you as to the ultimate content, timing, or effect of changes, nor is it possible at this time to estimate the impact of any such potential legislation on certain of our portfolio companies, our business model, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.

 

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Legislative or other actions relating to taxes could have a negative effect.

 

Legislative or other actions relating to taxes could have a negative effect on the Company. The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. Recently enacted tax reform legislation makes many changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including, among other things, significant changes to the taxation of business entities, the deductibility of interest expense, and the tax treatment of capital investment. We cannot predict with certainty how these or any other changes in the tax laws might affect the Company, investors, or the Company’s portfolio investments. Any additional new legislation and any U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions interpreting the recent tax reform legislation or any other new legislation could significantly and negatively affect the Company’s ability to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC or the U.S. federal income tax consequences to the Company and its investors of any such qualification, or could have other adverse consequences. Investors are urged to consult with their tax advisor regarding tax legislative, regulatory, or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in the Company’s securities.

 

ITEM 2. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

Overview

 

We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Maryland on October 3, 2017. We intend to elect to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act, and intend to elect to be treated as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes. As such, we are required to comply with various regulatory requirements, such as the requirement to invest at least 70% of our assets in “qualifying assets,” source of income limitations, asset diversification requirements, and the requirement to distribute annually at least 90% of our taxable income and tax-exempt interest. See “Item 1(c). Description of Business — Regulation as a Business Development Company” and “Item 1(c). Description of Business — Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences — Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company.” In addition, we will not invest more than 20% of our total assets in companies whose principal place of business is outside the United States.

 

Revenues

 

We plan to generate revenues in the form of interest income from the debt securities we hold and dividends and capital appreciation on either direct equity investments or equity interests obtained in connection with originating loans, such as options, warrants or conversion rights. Any debt we invest in will typically not be rated by any rating agency, but if it were, it is likely that such debt would be below investment grade. In addition, we may also generate revenue in the form of commitment, loan origination, structuring or diligence fees, fees for providing managerial assistance to our portfolio companies, and possibly consulting fees. Certain of these fees may be capitalized and amortized as additional interest income over the life of the related loan.

 

Expenses

 

Except as specifically provided below, we anticipate that all investment professionals and staff of the Adviser, when and to the extent engaged in providing investment advisory and management services to the Company, and the base compensation, bonus and benefits, and the routine overhead expenses, of such personnel allocable to such services, will be provided and paid for by the Adviser. We will bear our allocable portion of the compensation paid by the Adviser (or its affiliates) to our chief compliance officer and chief financial officer and their respective staffs (based on a percentage of time such individuals devote, on an estimated basis, to our business affairs). We will bear all other costs and expenses of our operations, administration and transactions, including, but not limited to (i) investment advisory fees, including management fees and incentive fees, to the Adviser, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement; (ii) our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Adviser in performing its administrative obligations under the Investment Advisory Agreement, and (iii) all other expenses of its operations and transactions including, without limitation, those relating to:

 

    the cost of our organization and this offering;

 

    the cost of calculating our net asset value, including the cost of any third-party valuation services;

 

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    the cost of effecting any sales and repurchases of our common stock and other securities;

 

    fees and expenses payable under any dealer manager agreements, if any;

 

    debt service and other costs of borrowings or other financing arrangements;

 

    costs of hedging

 

    expenses, including travel expense, incurred by the Adviser or related personnel, or payable to third parties, performing due diligence on prospective portfolio companies and, if necessary, enforcing our rights;

 

    transfer agent and custodial fees;

 

    fees and expenses associated with marketing efforts;

 

    federal and state registration fees, any stock exchange listing fees and fees payable to rating agencies;

 

    federal, state and local taxes;

 

    independent directors’ fees and expenses including certain travel expenses;

 

    costs of preparing financial statements and maintaining books and records and filing reports or other documents with the SEC (or other regulatory bodies) and other reporting and compliance costs, including registration and listing fees, and the compensation of professionals responsible for the preparation of the foregoing;

 

    the costs of any reports, proxy statements or other notices to our shareholders (including printing and mailing costs), the costs of any shareholder or director meetings and the compensation of investor relations personnel responsible for the preparation of the foregoing and related matters;

 

    commissions and other compensation payable to brokers or dealers;

 

    research and market data;

 

    fidelity bond, directors and officers errors and omissions liability insurance and other insurance premiums;

 

    direct costs and expenses of administration, including printing, mailing, long distance telephone and staff;

 

    fees and expenses associated with independent audits, outside legal and consulting costs;

 

    costs of winding up;

 

    costs incurred in connection with the formation or maintenance of entities or vehicles to hold our assets for tax or other purposes;

 

    extraordinary expenses (such as litigation or indemnification); and

 

    costs associated with reporting and compliance obligations under the 1940 Act and applicable federal and state securities laws.

 

Hedging

 

We may, but are not required to, enter into interest rate, foreign exchange or other derivative agreements to hedge interest rate, currency, credit or other risks, but we do not generally intend to enter into any such derivative agreements for speculative purposes. Any derivative agreements entered into for speculative purposes are not expected to be material to the Company’s business or results of operations. These hedging activities, which will be in compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, may include the use of futures, options and forward contracts. We will bear the costs incurred in connection with entering into, administering and settling any such derivative contracts. There can be no assurance any hedging strategy we employ will be successful.

 

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Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

As we have not yet commenced investment operations, we have not substantiated any transactions to date. Our primary uses of cash will be for (i) investments in portfolio companies and other investments to comply with certain portfolio diversification requirements, (ii) the cost of operations (including paying the Adviser), (iii) debt service of any borrowings and (iv) cash distributions to the holders of our stock.

 

Contractual Obligations

 

We have entered into certain contracts under which we have material future commitments. We have entered into the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Adviser in accordance with the 1940 Act. Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser will be responsible for sourcing, reviewing and structuring investment opportunities for us, underwriting and conducting diligence on our investments and monitoring our investment portfolio on an ongoing basis. For these services, we will pay (i) a base management fee equal to a percentage of aggregate amount of capital committed to us by investors and (ii) an incentive fee based on our performance. The Adviser will also be responsible for furnishing us with office facilities and equipment and will provide us with clerical, bookkeeping, recordkeeping and other administrative services at such facilities. We will reimburse the Adviser an amount equal to our allocable portion (subject to the review of our Board) of its overhead resulting from its obligations under the Investment Advisory Agreement, including rent and the allocable portion of the cost of our Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Financial Officer and their respective staffs. See “Item 1(c). Description of Business — Investment Advisory Agreement.

 

We have also entered into the Administration Agreement with the Administrator, pursuant to which the Administrator will perform, or oversee the performance of, clerical, bookkeeping, recordkeeping, and other required administrative services, including managing the payment of expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered by others. We will reimburse the Administrator an amount equal to our allocable portion (subject to the review of our Board) of its overhead resulting from its obligations under the Administration Agreement. See “Item 1(c). Description of Business — Administration Agreement.

 

We intend to establish one or more credit facilities and/or subscription facilities or enter into other financing arrangements to facilitate investments and the timely payment of our expenses. It is anticipated that any such credit facilities will bear interest at floating rates at to be determined spreads over LIBOR. We cannot assure shareholders that we will be able to enter into a credit facility on favorable terms or at all. In connection with a credit facility or other borrowings, lenders may require us to pledge assets, commitments, and/or drawdowns (and the ability to enforce the payment thereof) and may ask to comply with positive or negative covenants that could have an effect on our operations.

 

If any of the contractual obligations discussed above are terminated, our costs under any new agreements that we enter into may increase. In addition, we would likely incur significant time and expense in locating alternative parties to provide the services we expect to receive under the Advisory Agreement and the Administration Agreement. Any new investment advisory agreement would also be subject to approval by our stockholders.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

Other than contractual commitments and other legal contingencies incurred in the normal course of our business, we do not expect to have any off-balance sheet financings or liabilities.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. We plan to invest primarily in illiquid debt and equity securities of private companies. Most of our investments will not have a readily available market price, and we will value these investments at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board in accordance with our valuation policy. There is no single standard for determining fair value in good faith. As a result, determining fair value requires that judgment be applied to the specific facts and circumstances of each portfolio investment while employing a consistently applied valuation process for the types of investments we make. See “Item 9. Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Shareholder Matters—Valuation of Portfolio Securities.”

 

Related Parties

 

See “Item 7. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence” for a description of certain transactions and relationships with related parties.

 

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ITEM 3. PROPERTIES

 

Our corporate headquarters are located at 3889 Maple Avenue, Suite 400, Dallas, TX, 75219, and are provided by the Adviser in accordance with the terms of our Administration Agreement. We believe that our office facilities are suitable and adequate for our business as it is contemplated to be conducted.

 

ITEM 4. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

 

We do not expect to have any shareholders until the Initial Closing and the issuance of Shares in connection therewith.

 

ITEM 5. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

 

Our business and affairs will be managed under the direction of the Board. The responsibilities of the Board include, among other things, the oversight of our investment activities, the quarterly valuation of our assets, oversight of our financing arrangements and corporate governance activities. Our Board consists of five members, three of whom will not be “interested persons” of the Company or of the Adviser as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act and are “independent,” as determined by the Board. These individuals are referred to as independent directors. Our Board elects the Company’s executive officers, who serve at the discretion of the Board.

 

Board of Directors and Executive Officers

 

Directors

 

Under our charter, the directors are divided into three classes. Directors of each class will hold office for terms ending at the third annual meeting of our shareholders after their election and when their respective successors are elected and qualify. However, the initial members of the three classes of directors have initial terms ending at the first, second and third annual meeting of our shareholders after the Initial Closing, respectively. Each director will hold office for the term to which he or she is elected and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Each director may stand for re-election at the end of each term.

 

We anticipate that certain shareholders may be given the right to propose for nomination an individual who must qualify as an independent director, to serve on the Board and/or to invite a representative to attend meetings of the Board in a nonvoting observer capacity. Such rights, if granted, would terminate prior to an IPO.

 

Information regarding the Board is as follows:

 

Name

  Year of
Birth
  Position   Director
Since
  Expiration of
Term
Interested Director:                
Kneeland Youngblood   1955   Chairman, Director, and Chief Executive Officer        2017   2018
D. Robert Crants III   1969   Director and Chief Investment Officer   2017   2019
Independent Directors:                
Wanda Lynn Fitch   1961   Director   2017   2020
Paul Irving   1952   Director   2017   2019
Billie Williamson   1952   Director   2017   2018

 

The address for each of our directors is c/o Pharos Capital BDC, Inc., 3889 Maple Avenue, Suite 400, Dallas, TX, 75219.

 

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Executive Officers

 

Name

  Year of Birth   Position
Kneeland Youngblood   1955   Chief Executive Officer
D. Robert Crants III   1969   Chief Investment Officer
Kimberly Futrell   1971   Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer

 

Biographical Information

 

Directors

 

Our directors have been divided into two groups — interested directors and independent directors. An interested director is an “interested person” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.

 

Interested Directors

 

Kneeland Youngblood

 

Kneeland Youngblood is a Founding Partner of the Adviser and has been working for the Adviser since 1998. Mr. Youngblood is Chairman of the Adviser and responsible for overall firm strategy. Mr. Youngblood is a member of the Investment Committee and currently serves on the boards of Egenera, Employee Benefit Solutions, and Reel FX.

 

Mr. Youngblood was chairman of the American Beacon Funds, a $30 billion mutual fund company, managed by American Beacon Advisors, a $65 billion investment affiliate of American Airlines. He was a director of Starwood Hotels and Lodging, one of the largest hotel companies in the world with more than 725 properties in 80 countries and 120,000 employees. He also served on the board of directors of Gap Inc., Burger King and the $3 Billion Dallas Employee Retirement System. He is a former director of the U.S. Enrichment Corporation, a global energy services company taken public in 1998 in a $1.4 billion IPO, the largest U.S. government privatization since Conrail. He served as a Presidential appointee with Senate confirmation in his role on the Board. He currently serves on the boards of Pace Holdings Corporation, Energy Future Holdings (formerly TXU) and Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, a UK based company listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

 

Mr. Youngblood is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and graduated from Princeton University in 1978 with an A.B. in Politics/Science in Human Affairs and earned an M.D. degree from the University of Texas, Southwestern Medical School in 1982. He is based out of the Adviser’s Dallas office.

 

D. Robert Crants III

 

D. Robert Crants III is a Founding Partner and Chief Investment Officer of the Adviser, and has been working for the Adviser since 1998. Mr. Crants is responsible for setting the Adviser’s investment and risk management strategy, developing targeted investment themes, supervising the transaction structuring process, and fundraising. Mr. Crants is a member of the Investment Committee and currently serves on the boards of Back Yard Burgers, Sona Dermatology and Medspa, Employee Benefit Solutions, FasPsych, MOTION Physical Therapy, TechLab, Seaside Healthcare, and TotalTrax.

 

Mr. Crants has been directly involved in private equity investments for over twenty-five years. Prior to founding the Adviser, Mr. Crants was with Goldman Sachs, where he was a founding member of the Special Investments Group, and was active in the development and marketing of proprietary equity derivative products, equity private placements, exchange funds and merchant banking funds totaling over $6.0 billion in gross funds raised. As a result of his work, in 1993 he received the Goldman Sachs Investment Banking Division Innovation Award. From 1997 through 2000, Mr. Crants was the President and on the Board of Trustees of Prison Realty Trust, a New York Stock Exchange traded Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT).

 

Mr. Crants graduated from Princeton University with an A.B., summa cum laude, in Economics. Mr. Crants is based out of the Adviser's Nashville office.

 

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Independent Directors

 

Wanda Lynn Fitch

 

Lynn Fitch is the State Treasurer for the State of Mississippi, where she runs banking operations for the state, administers two State 529 plans, and is charged with debt management. She was elected to her position in 2011 and reelected in 2015. She is also a member of a variety of Mississippi state boards and commissions, including the State Bond Commission, the Mississippi Tort Claims Board, and the Mississippi Guaranty Pool Board. Prior to her election, she served as Executive Director of the Mississippi State Personnel Board from 2009-2011, where she was nominated by Governor Haley Barbour and confirmed by the Mississippi State Senate. She had oversight of over 32,000 state employees and 130 boards, agencies, and commissions in this role. She has also previously served as the Deputy Executive Director of the Mississippi Department of Employment Security, as an attorney for two law firms, counsel for the Mississippi House of Representatives, and as Special Assistant Attorney General for the State of Mississippi. She graduated with a BBA and a JD from the University of Mississippi.

 

Paul Irving

 

Paul Irving is chairman of the Milken Institute Center for the Future of Aging, chairman of the board of Encore.org, and distinguished scholar in residence at the University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology. He previously served as the Milken Institute’s president, an advanced leadership fellow at Harvard University, and chairman and CEO of Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP, a law and consulting firm. Author of “The Upside of Aging: How Long Life Is Changing the World of Health, Work, Innovation, Policy, and Purpose,” a Wall Street Journal expert panelist and contributor to the Huffington Post, PBS Next Avenue, and Forbes, Irving also serves as a director of East West Bancorp, Inc. and on advisory boards at USC, Stanford University, and U.C. Berkeley, the Global Coalition on Aging, WorkingNation, and the Bipartisan Policy Center. PBS Next Avenue named Irving an “Influencer” for his leadership in the field of aging. He has been honored with the Janet L. Witkin Humanitarian Award by Affordable Living for the Aging, the Life Journey Inspiration Award by Stanford’s Distinguished Careers Institute, and the Board of Governors Award by Loyola Law School, Los Angeles.

 

Billie Williamson

 

Billie Williamson served as a Senior Assurance Partner of Ernst & Young LLP until her retirement at the end of 2011. She began her career at EY in 1974 and spent the first 19 years in the assurance practice, becoming a partner in 1984. She then left to become CFO of AMX Corp. in Dallas where she helped lead the Company’s successful IPO. Billie subsequently became Senior Vice President, Finance of Marriott International, Inc. in Washington, D.C. She rejoined EY in 1998 in EY’s Center for Strategic Transactions. As a senior client-serving partner at EY, Billie was responsible for some of the firm’s largest global accounts in the aerospace and defense, technology and other industries. She is a specialist in financial reporting, internal controls and compliance with complex regulations as well as accounting for family limited partnerships and trusts. Billie currently serves on the Boards of Directors of CSRA, Inc., Energy Future Holdings Corporation, Pentair plc and Extrusions, Inc. Billie previously served on the boards of Annie's, Inc., Exelis, Inc. and Janus Capital Group, Inc. prior to their respective acquisitions by General Mills, Inc., Harris Corporation and Henderson Group, plc. Billie has over 40 years of experience in public accounting and business. She graduated with a BBA from Southern Methodist University and is a Certified Public Accountant in Texas.

 

Executive Officers Who Are Not Directors

 

Kimberly Futrell

 

Kimberly Futrell is the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of Pharos Capital BDC, Inc. Ms. Futrell is responsible for managing and overseeing accounting, budgeting and forecasting, cash management, tax, audit, investor reporting and human resources. In addition, Ms. Futrell oversees and monitors the implementation of the Adviser’s compliance program.

 

Prior to joining the company in 2000, Ms. Futrell was with a New York Stock Exchange listed company from 1995 to 2000, where she worked in accounting, financial modeling, planning and analysis. Prior to that, she worked as an accountant in private industry. Ms. Futrell graduated from Lubbock Christian University with a B.S. in Business Administration. Ms. Futrell is based out of the Adviser's Dallas office.

 

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Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities

 

Overall responsibility for our oversight rests with the Board. We have entered into the Investment Advisory Agreement pursuant to which the Adviser will manage the Company on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in our operations in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable provisions of state and other laws and our charter. The Board is currently composed of five members, three of whom are directors who are not “interested persons” of the Company or the Adviser as defined in the 1940 Act. The Board meets in person at regularly scheduled quarterly meetings each year. In addition, the Board may hold special in-person or telephonic meetings or informal conference calls to discuss specific matters that may arise or require action between regular meetings. As described below, the Board has established a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and an Audit Committee, and may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time, to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities.

 

Under our bylaws, our Board may designate a Chairman to preside over the meetings of the Board and meetings of the shareholders and to perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by the Board. Presently, Kneeland Youngblood serves as the Chairman of our Board. Mr. Youngblood is an “interested person” of the Company as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act because he is the CEO of the Company and the Chairman of the Adviser. Mr. Youngblood’s familiarity with the Adviser’s investment platform and extensive knowledge of the financial services industry and the investment valuation process in particular qualify him to serve as the Chairman of our Board. Our view is that we are best served through this existing leadership structure, as Mr. Youngblood’s relationship with the Adviser provides an effective bridge and encourages an open dialogue between management and the Board, ensuring that both groups act with a common purpose.

 

Our Board does not currently have a designated lead independent director. We are aware of the potential conflicts that may arise when a non-independent director is Chairman of the Board, but believe these potential conflicts are offset by our strong corporate governance policies. Our corporate governance policies include regular meetings of the independent directors in executive session without the presence of interested directors and management, the establishment of an audit committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee, each of which is comprised solely of independent directors, and the appointment of a Chief Compliance Officer, with whom the independent directors meet regularly without the presence of interested directors and other members of management, for administering our compliance policies and procedures.

 

We recognize that different Board leadership structures are appropriate for companies in different situations. We intend to re-examine our corporate governance policies on an ongoing basis to ensure that they continue to meet our needs.

 

We are subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance, operational and valuation risks, among others. Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Company and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. Day-to-day risk management functions are subsumed within the responsibilities of the Adviser and other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), which carry out our investment management and business affairs. The Adviser and other service providers employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various events or circumstances that give rise to risks, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Each of the Adviser and other service providers has their own independent interest in risk management, and their policies and methods of risk management will depend on their functions and business models. The Board recognizes that it is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect the Company or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. As part of its regular oversight of the Company, the Board interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, the Adviser, our chief compliance officer, our independent registered public accounting firm and counsel, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by the Company and applicable risk controls. The Board may, at any time and in its discretion, change the manner in which it conducts risk oversight.

 

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Committees

 

The Board expects to have an Audit Committee and a Nominating Committee and may form additional committees in the future.

 

Audit Committee

 

The Audit Committee will be composed of three individuals, each of whom is not considered an “interested person” of the Company as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act. Our Board has determined that our Audit Committee chair is an “audit committee financial expert” as that term is defined under Item 407 of Regulation S-K, as promulgated under the 1934 Act. Messrs. We expect that our Audit Committee members will meet the current independence and experience requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the 1934 Act.

 

In accordance with its written charter adopted by the Board, the Audit Committee (a) assists the Board’s oversight of the integrity of our financial statements, the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence, our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and the performance of our independent registered public accounting firm; (b) prepares an Audit Committee report, if required by the SEC, to be included in our annual proxy statement; (c) oversees the scope of the annual audit of our financial statements, the quality and objectivity of our financial statements, accounting and financial reporting policies and internal controls; (d) determines the selection, appointment, retention and termination of our independent registered public accounting firm, as well as approving the compensation thereof; (e) pre-approves all audit and non-audit services provided to us and certain other persons by such independent registered public accounting firm; and (f) acts as a liaison between our independent registered public accounting firm and the Board.

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

 

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (the “Nominating Committee”) will be composed of three individuals, each of whom is not considered an “interested person” of the Company as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.

 

In accordance with its written charter adopted by the Board, the Nominating Committee recommends to the Board persons to be nominated by the Board for election at the Company’s meetings of our shareholders, special or annual, if any, or to fill any vacancy on the Board that may arise between shareholder meetings. The Nominating Committee also makes recommendations with regard to the tenure of the directors and is responsible for overseeing an annual evaluation of the Board and its committee structure to determine whether the structure is operating effectively. The Nominating Committee will consider for nomination to the Board candidates submitted by our shareholders or from other sources it deems appropriate.

 

Compensation Committee

 

The Board does not currently intend to delegate any authority to a compensation committee because our executive officers will not receive any direct compensation from us.

 

Indemnification Agreements

 

We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors. The indemnification agreements are intended to provide our directors the maximum indemnification permitted under Maryland law and the 1940 Act. Each indemnification agreement will provide that we will indemnify the director who is a party to the agreement including the advancement of legal expenses, if, by reason of his or her corporate status, the director is, or is threatened to be, made a party to or a witness in any threatened, pending, or completed proceeding, other than a proceeding by or in the right of the Company.

 

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Portfolio Management

 

The management of our investment portfolio is the responsibility of the Adviser and its investment professionals, including the Investment Committee. We consider these individuals to be its portfolio managers. The Adviser sources investment opportunities, conducts research, performs due diligence on potential investments, structures our investments and will monitor our portfolio companies on an ongoing basis. The Investment Committee meets regularly to consider our investments, direct our strategic initiatives and supervise the actions taken by the Adviser on our behalf. In addition, the Investment Committee reviews and determines whether to make prospective investments and monitors the performance of the investment portfolio. Each investment opportunity requires the unanimous approval of the Investment Committee. Follow-on investments in existing portfolio companies may require the Investment Committee’s approval beyond that obtained when the initial investment in the company was made. In addition, temporary investments, such as those in cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high quality debt investments that mature in one year or less, may require approval by the Investment Committee. Their compensation package from the Adviser includes some combination of fixed draw and variable incentive compensation based primarily on performance for services provided.

 

None of the Adviser’s investment professionals receive any direct compensation from the Company in connection with the management of our portfolio. The members of the Investment Committee, through their financial interests in the Adviser, are entitled to a portion of the profits earned by the Adviser, which includes any fees payable to the Adviser under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement, less expenses incurred by the Adviser in performing its services under the Investment Advisory Agreement.

 

The Adviser

 

Pharos Capital Group, LLC will serve as the Company’s investment adviser. The Adviser is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The Adviser was founded in 1998 and has extensive experience in the private equity market, but no prior experience managing a BDC. The Adviser is led by Kneeland Youngblood, its Founding Partner and D. Robert Crants III, its Chief Investment Officer. Subject to the overall supervision of the Board, the Adviser manages the day-to-day operations of, and provides investment advisory and management services to, the Company.

 

Adviser Personnel and Investment Committee

 

All investment decisions require the unanimous approval of the Investment Committee, currently comprised of Kneeland Youngblood, D. Robert Crants III, Jim Phillips, Joel Goldberg, and Anna Kovalkova. The Board, including a majority of independent directors, oversees and monitors the investment performance and, beginning with the second anniversary of the effective date of the Investment Advisory Agreement, will annually review the compensation the Company pays to the Adviser to determine that the provisions of the Investment Advisory Agreement are carried out. See “Description of Business Investment Advisory Agreement” for more information, including information regarding the termination provisions of the Investment Advisory Agreement.

 

ITEM 6. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

 

Compensation of Executive Officers

 

We do not currently have any employees and do not expect to have any employees. Services necessary for our business are provided by individuals who are employees of the Adviser, the Administrator or its affiliates, pursuant to the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement and the Administration Agreement, as applicable. Our day-to-day investment and administrative operations are managed by the Adviser and the Administrator. Most of the services necessary for the origination and administration of our investment portfolio will be provided by investment professionals employed by the Adviser, the Administrator or its affiliates.

 

None of our executive officers will receive direct compensation from us. We will reimburse the Adviser the allocable portion of the compensation paid by the Adviser (or its affiliates) to our chief compliance officer and chief financial officer and their respective staffs (based on the percentage of time such individuals devote, on an estimated basis, to our business and affairs). The members of the Investment Committee, through their financial interests in the Adviser, are entitled to a portion of the profits earned by the Adviser, which includes any fees payable to the Adviser under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement, less expenses incurred by the Adviser in performing its services under the Investment Advisory Agreement. See “Item 1(c). Description of Business — Investment Advisory Agreement” and “Item 7. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.”

 

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Compensation of Directors

 

No compensation is expected to be paid to our directors who are “interested persons,” as such term is defined in Section 2(a) (19) of the 1940 Act. We expect to pay each independent director the following amounts for serving as a director: (i) $65,000 per year, (ii) an additional fee of $10,000 per year for the chairman of the Audit Committee and (iii) an additional fee of $5,000 per year for the chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. We are also authorized to pay the reasonable out-of-pocket expenses of each independent director incurred by such director in connection with the fulfillment of his or her duties as an independent director.

 

ITEM 7. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

 

Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons

 

Investment Advisory Agreement

 

We have entered into the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Adviser pursuant to which we will pay management fees and incentive fees to the Adviser. See “Item 1(c). Description of Business — Investment Advisory Agreement.” The Investment Advisory Agreement has been approved by the Board. Unless earlier terminated, the Investment Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period of two years from the date it first becomes effective and will remain in effect from year-to-year thereafter if approved annually by a majority of the Board, including a majority of independent directors, or by the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities.

 

Administration Agreement

 

We have entered into the Administration Agreement with the Administrator, pursuant to which the Administrator will be responsible for providing us with clerical, bookkeeping, recordkeeping and other administrative services at such facilities. See “Item 1(c). Description of Business — Administration Agreement.”

 

License Agreement

 

We have entered into the License Agreement with the Adviser, pursuant to which the Adviser has granted us a non-exclusive license to use the name “Pharos.” Under the License Agreement, we have a right to use the “Pharos” name for so long as the Adviser or one of its affiliates remains our investment adviser. Other than with respect to this limited license, we have no legal right to the “Pharos” name or logo.

 

Relationship with the Adviser and Potential Conflicts of Interest

 

We, the Adviser and our respective direct or indirect members, partners, officers, directors, employees, agents and affiliates may be subject to certain potential conflicts of interest in connection with our activities and investments. For example, the terms of the Adviser’s management and incentive fees may create an incentive for the Adviser to approve and cause us to make more speculative investments than we would otherwise make in the absence of such fee structure. In addition, certain Adviser personnel serve, or may serve, as officers, directors, members, or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as we do, or of investment funds, accounts, or investment vehicles managed by the Adviser. Similarly, the Adviser may have other clients with similar, different or competing investment objectives. In serving in these multiple capacities, they may have obligations to other clients or investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which may not be in the best interests of the Company or our shareholders. In addition, prior to an IPO and in accordance with its obligations under the 1940 Act, the Adviser intends to agree to allow certain shareholders the opportunity to participate in certain investment opportunities that we may also participate in.

 

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The Adviser and its affiliates have procedures and policies in place designed to manage the potential conflicts of interest between its fiduciary obligations to us and its similar fiduciary obligations to other clients. An investment opportunity that is suitable for multiple clients of the Adviser and its affiliates may not be capable of being shared among some or all of such clients and affiliates due to the limited scale of the opportunity or other factors, including regulatory restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act. There can be no assurance that the Adviser’s or its affiliates’ efforts to allocate any particular investment opportunity fairly among all clients for whom such opportunity is appropriate will result in an allocation of all or part of such opportunity to us. Not all conflicts of interest can be expected to be resolved in our favor.

 

The principals of the Adviser may manage investment vehicles with similar or overlapping investment strategies. In order to address these issues, the Adviser has put in place an investment allocation policy that addresses the co-investment restrictions set forth under the 1940 Act and seeks to ensure the equitable allocation of investment opportunities when we are able to co-invest with other accounts managed by the Adviser and affiliated entities. In the absence of receiving exemptive relief from the SEC that would permit greater flexibility relating to co-investments, the Adviser will apply the investment allocation policy. When we engage in such permitted co-investments, we will do so in a manner consistent with the Adviser’s allocation policy. In situations where co-investment with other entities managed by the Adviser or its affiliates is not permitted or appropriate, such as when there is an opportunity to invest in different securities of the same issuer, the Adviser will need to decide whether we or such other entity or entities will proceed with the investment. The Adviser will make these determinations based on its policies and procedures, which generally require that such opportunities be offered to eligible accounts in a manner that will be fair and equitable over time.

 

Co-Investment Opportunities

 

As a BDC, we are subject to certain regulatory restrictions in negotiating certain investments with entities with which we may be restricted from doing so under the 1940 Act, such as the Adviser and its affiliates, unless we obtain an exemptive order from the SEC. We, the Adviser and certain of its affiliates may submit an exemptive application to the SEC to permit us to co-invest with other funds managed by the Adviser or its affiliates in a manner consistent with our investment objective, positions, policies, strategies and restrictions as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors. There can be no assurance that this exemptive order will be granted. If such relief is granted, then we will be permitted to co-invest with our affiliates if a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of our independent directors make certain conclusions in connection with a co-investment transaction, including that (1) the terms of the transactions, including the consideration to be paid, are reasonable and fair to us and our shareholders and do not involve overreaching by us or our shareholders on the part of any person concerned and (2) the transaction is consistent with the interests of our shareholders and is consistent with our investment objective and strategies.

 

Certain Business Relationships

 

Certain of our current directors and officers are directors or officers of the Adviser.

 

Promoters and Certain Control Persons

 

The Adviser may be deemed a promoter of the Company. We have entered into the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Adviser. The Adviser, for its services to us, will be entitled to receive management fees and incentive fees in addition to the reimbursement of certain expenses. In addition, under the Investment Advisory Agreement, we expect, to the extent permitted by applicable law and in the discretion of our Board, to indemnify the Adviser and certain of its affiliates. See “Item 1(c). Description of Business—General.”

 

ITEM 8. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

Neither we nor the Adviser are currently subject to any material legal proceedings, nor, to our knowledge, are any material legal proceedings threatened against us or the Adviser. From time to time, we or the Adviser may be a party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including proceedings relating to the enforcement of our rights under contracts with our portfolio companies. Our business is also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against us. While the outcome of these legal or regulatory proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not expect that these proceedings will have a material effect upon our financial condition or results of operations.

 

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ITEM 9. MARKET PRICE OF AND DIVIDENDS ON THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 

Market Information

 

Until the completion of an IPO, our outstanding common stock will be offered and sold in transactions exempt from registration under the 1933 Act under Section 4(2) and Regulation D. See “Item 10. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities” for more information. There is no public market for our common stock currently, nor can we give any assurance that one will develop.

 

Because Shares are being acquired by investors in one or more transactions “not involving a public offering,” they are “restricted securities” and may be required to be held indefinitely. Our Shares may not be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or otherwise disposed of unless (i) our consent is granted, and (ii) the Shares are registered under applicable securities laws or specifically exempted from registration (in which case the shareholder may, at our option, be required to provide us with a legal opinion, in form and substance satisfactory to us, that registration is not required). Accordingly, an investor must be willing to bear the economic risk of investment in the Shares until we are liquidated. No sale, transfer, assignment, pledge or other disposition, whether voluntary or involuntary, of the Shares may be made except by registration of the transfer on our books. Each transferee will be required to execute an instrument agreeing to be bound by these restrictions and the other restrictions imposed on the Shares and to execute such other instruments or certifications as are reasonably required by us.

 

Holders

 

Please see “Item 4. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” for disclosure regarding the holders of our common stock.

 

Valuation of Portfolio Securities

 

Investments for which market quotations are readily available will typically be valued at those market quotations. To validate market quotations, we will utilize a number of factors to determine if the quotations are representative of fair value, including the source and number of the quotations. Debt and equity securities that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available, as is expected to be the case for substantially all of our investments, will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board, based on, among other things, the input of the Adviser, the Audit Committee and independent third-party valuation firm(s) engaged at the direction of the Board to review our investments.

The Board will undertake a multi-step valuation process, which includes, among other procedures, the following:

 

    With respect to investments for which market quotations are readily available, those investments will typically be valued at those market quotations;

 

    With respect to investments for which market quotations are not readily available, the valuation process begins with the Adviser providing a preliminary valuation of each portfolio company or investment to the independent valuation firm;

 

    The independent valuation firm will review and adjust the preliminary valuations as necessary. Agreed upon valuation recommendations will be presented to the Audit Committee;

 

    The Audit Committee will review the valuations presented and recommend values for each investment to the Board; and

 

    The Board will review the recommended valuations and determine the fair value of each investment; valuations that are not based on readily available market quotations will be valued in good faith based on, among other things, the input of the Adviser, the Audit Committee and, where applicable, other third parties.

 

Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of our investments may fluctuate from period to period. Additionally, the fair value of such investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market existed for such investments and may differ materially from the values that may ultimately be realized. Further, such investments are generally less liquid than publicly traded securities and may be subject to contractual and other restrictions on resale. If we were required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, we could realize amounts that are different from the amounts presented and such differences could be material.

 

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In addition, changes in the market environment and other events that may occur over the life of the investments may cause the gains or losses ultimately realized on these investments to be different than the unrealized gains or losses reflected in our financial statements.

 

Distribution Policy

 

We generally intend to distribute, out of assets legally available for distribution, substantially all of our available earnings, on a quarterly basis, as determined by the Board in its discretion.

 

We will reinvest dividends on behalf of our shareholders that elect to reinvest their dividend. A shareholder may elect to reinvest its dividend by notifying the Adviser in writing no later than ten days prior to the record date for dividends to our shareholders. See “Item 1(c). Description of Business—Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”

 

Reports to Shareholders

 

We will furnish our shareholders with annual reports containing audited financial statements, quarterly reports, and such other periodic reports as we determine to be appropriate or as may be required by law. Upon the effectiveness of this Registration Statement, we will be required to comply with all periodic reporting, proxy solicitation and other applicable requirements under the 1934 Act.

 

ITEM 10. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES

 

In conjunction with our formation, we issued and sold 100 Shares to the Adviser, for an aggregate purchase price of $1,000. These Shares were issued and sold in reliance upon the available exemptions from registration requirements of Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act.

 

ITEM 11. DESCRIPTION OF REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED

 

The following description is based on relevant portions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and on our charter and bylaws. This summary possesses the provisions deemed to be material, but is not necessarily complete.

 

General

 

Under the terms of our charter, our authorized stock consists solely of 100,000,000 Shares, par value $0.01 per Share, and no shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. As permitted by the MGCL, our charter provides that a majority of the entire Board, without any action by our shareholders, may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue. Our charter also provides that the Board may classify or reclassify any unissued Shares into one or more classes or series of our common stock or Preferred Stock by setting or changing the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, or limitations as to dividends, qualifications, or terms or conditions of redemption of the shares. There is currently no market for our stock, and we can offer no assurances that a market for our stock will develop in the future. We do not currently intend for our Shares to be listed on any national securities exchange, although it is possible that they would be listed in the future. There are no outstanding options or warrants to purchase our stock. No stock has been authorized for issuance under any equity compensation plans. Under Maryland law, our shareholders generally are not personally liable for our debts, except as they may be liable by reason of their own conduct or acts. Unless the Board determines otherwise, we will issue all Shares in uncertificated form.

 

None of our Shares are subject to further calls or to assessments, sinking fund provisions, obligations of the Company or potential liabilities associated with ownership of the security (not including investment risks).

 

The following are our outstanding classes of securities as of March 16, 2018:

 

          (1)
Title of Class
  (2)
Amount
Authorized
    (3)
Amount Held
by
Us or for
Our Account
    (4)
Amount
Outstanding
Exclusive of
Amounts Shown
Under(3)
Common stock     100,000,000           1,000

 

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Common Stock

 

All Shares will have equal rights as to earnings, assets, voting, and dividends and, when they are issued, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. Distributions may be paid to the holders of our common stock if, as and when authorized by our Board and declared by us out of assets legally available therefor. Shares of our common stock will have no preemptive, conversion or redemption rights and are freely transferable, except where their transfer is restricted by federal and state securities laws or by contract. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each Share would be entitled to share ratably in all of our assets that are legally available for distribution after we pay all debts and other liabilities and subject to any preferential rights of holders of our preferred stock, if any preferred stock is outstanding at such time. Each Share will be entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, including the election of directors. Except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of our common stock will possess exclusive voting power. There will be no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which means that holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares can elect all of our directors, and holders of less than a majority of such Shares will be unable to elect any director.

 

Preferred Stock

 

Our Board may be authorized to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of stock into other classes or series of stock, including preferred stock. The cost of any such reclassification would be borne by our existing common shareholders. Prior to the issuance of shares of each class or series, the Board will be required by Maryland law to set the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each class or series. Thus, the Board could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. However, that issuance of preferred stock must comply with the requirements of the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires, among other things, that (1) immediately after issuance and before any dividend or other distribution is made with respect to our common stock and before any purchase of common stock is made, such preferred stock together with all other senior securities must not exceed an amount equal to 50% of our total assets after deducting the amount of such dividend, distribution or purchase price, as the case may be, and (2) the holders of shares of preferred stock, if any are issued, must be entitled as a class to elect two directors at all times and to elect a majority of the directors if dividends on such preferred stock are in arrears by two full years or more. Certain matters under the 1940 Act require the separate vote of the holders of any issued and outstanding preferred stock. For example, holders of preferred stock would vote separately from the holders of common stock on a proposal to cease operations as a BDC. We believe that the availability for issuance of preferred stock will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring future financings and acquisitions. However, we do not currently have any plans to issue preferred stock.

 

Limitation on Liability of Directors; Indemnification and Advance of Expenses

 

Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision eliminating the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its shareholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty that is established by a final judgment and is material to the cause of action. Our charter contains a provision that eliminates directors’ and officers’ liability, subject to the limitations of Maryland law and the requirements of the 1940 Act.

 

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Maryland law requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made or threatened to be made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity against reasonable expenses actually incurred in the proceeding in which the director or officer was successful. Maryland law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made or threatened to be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that (1) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (a) was committed in bad faith or (b) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; (2) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or (3) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. Under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation also may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or on behalf of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification, and then only for expenses. In addition, Maryland law permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation’s receipt of (a) a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation and (b) a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.

 

Our charter obligates us, subject to the limitations of Maryland law and the requirements of the 1940 Act, to indemnify (1) any present or former director or officer; (2) any individual who, while a director or officer and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a director, officer, partner, member, manager or trustee; or (3) the Adviser or any of its affiliates acting as an agent for us, from and against any claim or liability to which the person or entity may become subject or may incur by reason of such person’s service in that capacity, and to pay or reimburse such person’s reasonable expenses as incurred in advance of final disposition of a proceeding. These indemnification rights vest immediately upon an individual’s election as a director or officer. In accordance with the 1940 Act, we will not indemnify any person for any liability to the extent that such person would be subject by reason of such person’s willful misconduct, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his, her or its office.

 

Certain Provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and Our Charter and Bylaws

 

The MGCL and our charter and bylaws contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a potential acquirer to acquire us by means of a tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, the material ones of which are discussed below. These provisions are expected to discourage certain coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to negotiate first with our Board. We expect the benefits of these provisions to outweigh the potential disadvantages of discouraging any such acquisition proposals because, among other things, the negotiation of such proposals may improve their terms.

 

Classified Board of Directors

 

Our Board is divided into three classes of directors serving staggered three-year terms. The current terms of the first, second and third classes will expire in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively, and in each case, those directors will serve until their successors are elected and qualify. Upon expiration of their terms, directors of each class will be elected to serve for three-year terms and until their successors are duly elected and qualify, and each year one class of directors will be elected by the shareholders. A classified Board may render a change in control of us or removal of our incumbent management more difficult. We believe, however, that the longer time required to elect a majority of a classified Board will help to ensure the continuity and stability of our management and policies.

 

Election of Directors

 

Our bylaws, as authorized by our charter, provide that the affirmative vote of the holders of a plurality of the outstanding Shares entitled to vote in the election of directors cast at a meeting of shareholders duly called, and at which a quorum is present, will be required to elect a director. Pursuant to our charter our Board may amend the bylaws to alter the vote required to elect directors.

 

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Number of Directors; Vacancies; Removal

 

Our charter provides that the number of directors will be set only by the Board in accordance with our bylaws. Our bylaws provide that a majority of our entire Board may at any time increase or decrease the number of directors. However, unless our bylaws are amended, the number of directors may never be less than one nor more than nine. Our charter provides that, at such time as we have at least three independent directors and our common stock is registered under the 1934 Act, as amended, we elect to be subject to the provision of Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL regarding the filling of vacancies on the Board. Accordingly, at such time, except as may be provided by the Board in setting the terms of any class or series of preferred stock, any and all vacancies on the Board may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies, subject to any applicable requirements of the 1940 Act.

 

Our charter provides that a director may be removed only for cause, as defined in our charter, and then only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors.

 

Action by Shareholders

 

Under the MGCL, shareholder action can be taken only at an annual or special meeting of shareholders or (unless the charter provides for shareholder action by less than unanimous written consent, which our charter does not) by unanimous written consent in lieu of a meeting. These provisions, combined with the requirements of our bylaws regarding the calling of a shareholder-requested special meeting of shareholders discussed below, may have the effect of delaying consideration of a shareholder proposal until the next annual meeting.

 

Advance Notice Provisions for Shareholder Nominations and Shareholder Proposals

 

Our bylaws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of shareholders, nominations of persons for election to the Board and the proposal of business to be considered by shareholders may be made only (1) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (2) by or at the direction of the Board or (3) by a shareholder of the Company who is a shareholder of record both at the time of giving of notice provided for in our bylaws and at the time of the annual meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice provisions of the bylaws. With respect to special meetings of shareholders, only the business specified in our notice of the meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board at a special meeting may be made only (1) by or at the direction of the Board or (2) provided that the Board has determined that directors will be elected at the meeting, by a shareholder of the Company who is a shareholder of record both at the time of giving of notice provided for in our bylaws and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice provisions of the bylaws.

 

The purpose of requiring shareholders to give us advance notice of nominations and other business is to afford our Board a meaningful opportunity to consider the qualifications of the proposed nominees and the advisability of any other proposed business and, to the extent deemed necessary or desirable by our Board, to inform shareholders and make recommendations about such qualifications or business, as well as to provide a more orderly procedure for conducting meetings of shareholders. Although our bylaws do not give our Board any power to disapprove shareholder nominations for the election of directors or proposals recommending certain action, they may have the effect of precluding a contest for the election of directors or the consideration of shareholder proposals if proper procedures are not followed and of discouraging or deterring a third party from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or to approve its own proposal without regard to whether consideration of such nominees or proposals might be harmful or beneficial to us and our shareholders.

 

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Calling of Special Meetings of Shareholders

 

Our bylaws provide that special meetings of shareholders may be called by our Board and certain of our officers. Additionally, our bylaws provide that, subject to the satisfaction of certain procedural and informational requirements by the shareholders requesting the meeting, a special meeting of shareholders will be called by the secretary of the corporation upon the written request of shareholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting.

 

Approval of Extraordinary Corporate Action; Amendment of Charter and Bylaws

 

Under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business, unless approved by the affirmative vote of shareholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However, a Maryland corporation may provide in its charter for approval of these matters by a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our charter generally provides for approval of charter amendments and extraordinary transactions by the shareholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our charter also provides that certain charter amendments, any proposal for our conversion, whether by charter amendment, merger or otherwise, from a closed-end company to an open-end company and any proposal for our liquidation or dissolution requires the approval of the shareholders entitled to cast at least 80% of the votes entitled to be cast on such matter. However, if such amendment or proposal is approved by a majority of our continuing directors (in addition to approval by our Board), such amendment or proposal may be approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on such a matter. The “continuing directors” are defined in our charter as (1) our current directors, (2) those directors whose nomination for election by the shareholders or whose election by the directors to fill vacancies is approved by a majority of our current directors then on the Board or (3) any successor directors whose nomination for election by the shareholders or whose election by the directors to fill vacancies is approved by a majority of continuing directors or the successor continuing directors then in office.

 

Our charter and bylaws provide that the Board will have the exclusive power to make, alter, amend or repeal any provision of our bylaws.

 

No Appraisal Rights

 

For certain extraordinary transactions and charter amendments, the MGCL provides the right to dissenting shareholders to demand and receive the fair value of their shares, subject to certain procedures and requirements set forth in the statute. Those rights are commonly referred to as appraisal rights. As permitted by the MGCL, our charter provides that our shareholders will not be entitled to exercise appraisal rights unless the Board determines that appraisal rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of stock, to one or more transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which our shareholders would otherwise be entitled to exercise appraisal rights.

 

Control Share Acquisitions

 

Certain provisions of the MGCL provide that a holder of control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition has no voting rights with respect to the control shares except to the extent approved by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, which is referred to as the Control Share Acquisition Act. Shares owned by the acquirer, by officers or by employees who are directors of the corporation are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. Control shares are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:

 

    one-tenth or more but less than one-third;

 

    one-third or more but less than a majority; or

 

    a majority or more of all voting power.

 

 62 

 

The requisite shareholder approval must be obtained each time an acquirer crosses one of the thresholds of voting power set forth above. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained shareholder approval or shares acquired directly from the corporation. A control share acquisition means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.

 

A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel the Board of the corporation to call a special meeting of shareholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. The right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the meeting. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any shareholders meeting.

 

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then the corporation may redeem for fair value any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved. The right of the corporation to redeem control shares is subject to certain conditions and limitations. Fair value is determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer or if a meeting of shareholders is held at which the voting rights of the shares are considered and not approved, as of the date of such meeting. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a shareholder meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other shareholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control share acquisition.

 

The Control Share Acquisition Act does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Control Share Acquisition Act any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of stock. There can be no assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at time in the future. However, the SEC staff has taken that position that, if a BDC fails to opt-out of the Control Share Acquisition Act, its actions are inconsistent with Section 18(i) of the 1940 Act and we will amend our bylaws to be subject to the Control Share Acquisition Act only if the Board determines that it would be in our best interests and if the SEC staff does not object to our determination that being subject to the Control Share Acquisition Act does not conflict with the 1940 Act.

 

Business Combinations

 

Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested shareholder or an affiliate of an interested shareholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested shareholder becomes an interested shareholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested shareholder is defined as:

 

    any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s stock; or

 

    an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation.

 

A person is not an interested shareholder under this statute if the corporation’s board of directors approves in advance the transaction by which he or she otherwise would have become an interested shareholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.

 

After the five-year prohibition, any such business combination generally must be recommended by the corporation’s board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

 

    80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and

 

   

two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested shareholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested shareholder.

 

 63 

 

These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if holders of the corporation’s common stock receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested shareholder for its shares. The statute provides various exemptions from its provisions, including for business combinations that are exempted by the corporation’s board of directors before the time that the interested shareholder becomes an interested shareholder. The Board intends to adopt a resolution exempting from the requirements of the statute any business combination between the Company and any other person, provided that such business combination is first approved by the Board (including a majority of the directors who are not “interested persons” within the meaning of the 1940 Act). This resolution, however, may be altered or repealed in whole or in part at any time. If this resolution is repealed, or the Board does not otherwise approve a business combination, the statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of the Company and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer.

 

Conflict with the 1940 Act

 

Our bylaws will provide that, if and to the extent that any provision of the MGCL, including the Control Share Acquisition Act (if we amend our bylaws to be subject to such Act) and the Business Combination Act or any provision of our charter or bylaws conflicts with any provision of the 1940 Act, the applicable provision of the 1940 Act will control.

 

ITEM 12. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

 

Limitation on Liability of Directors; Indemnification and Advance of Expenses

 

See “Item 11. Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered — Limitation on Liability of Directors and Officers; Indemnification and Advance of Expenses.

 

Indemnification Agreements

 

We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors. The indemnification agreements are intended to provide our directors the maximum indemnification permitted under Maryland law and the 1940 Act. Each indemnification agreement provides that we shall indemnify the director who is a party to the agreement including the advancement of legal expenses, if, by reason of his or her corporate status, such director is, or is threatened to be, made a party to or a witness in any threatened, pending, or completed proceeding, other than a proceeding by or in the right of the Company.

 

Adviser

 

Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser and its affiliates (each, an “Indemnitee”) will not be liable to us for (i) mistakes of judgment or for action or inaction that such person reasonably believed to be in our best interests absent such Indemnitee’s gross negligence, knowing and willful misconduct, or fraud or (ii) losses or expenses due to mistakes of judgment, action or inaction, or the negligence, dishonesty or bad faith of any broker or other agent of the Company who is not an affiliate of such Indemnitee, provided that such person was selected, engaged or retained without gross negligence, willful misconduct, or fraud.

 

We will indemnify each Indemnitee against any liabilities relating to our offering of our common stock or our business, operation, administration or termination, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner it believed to be in, or not opposed to, our interest and except to the extent arising out of the Indemnitee’s gross negligence, fraud or knowing and willful misconduct. We may pay the expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in defending an actual or threatened civil or criminal action in advance of the final disposition of such action, provided the Indemnitee agrees to repay those expenses if found by adjudication not to be entitled to indemnification.

 

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ITEM 13. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

 

Set forth below is an index to our financial statements attached to this Registration Statement.

 

  Page
Index to Financial Statements F-1 
Balance Sheet as of February 28, 2018  F-3
Notes to Balance Sheet  F-4 -F-7

 

ITEM 14. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

 

There are not and have not been any disagreements between the Company and its accountant on any matter of accounting principles, practices, or financial statement disclosure.

 

ITEM 15. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS

 

(a) List separately all financial statements filed

 

The financial statements attached to this Registration Statement are listed under “Item 13. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

 

(b) Exhibits

 

3.1 Articles of Amendment and Restatement
   
3.2 Bylaws
   
4.1 Form of Subscription Agreement*
   
10.1 Investment Advisory Agreement between the Company and the Adviser*
   
10.2 Administration Agreement between the Company and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC*
   
10.3 Dividend Reinvestment Plan
   
10.4 Form of Indemnification Agreement*
   
10.5 Custody Agreement by and between the Company and U.S. Bank, N.A.*
   
10.6 License Agreement between the Company and the Adviser*
   
21.1 List of Subsidiaries—None

 

*

To be filed by amendment

 

 65 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

  Pharos Capital BDC, Inc.
     
  By: /s/ Kneeland Youngblood
    Name: Kneeland Youngblood
    Title:   President and Chief Executive Officer

 

Date: March 16, 2018

 

  By: /s/ Kimberly Futrell
    Name: Kimberly Futrell
    Title:   Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 66 

 

Table of Contents

 

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Pharos Capital BDC, Inc.

  

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-2
   
Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of February 28, 2018 F-3
   
Notes to Statements of Assets and Liabilities F-4 - F-7

 

F-1 

 

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

   

To the Shareholder and the Board of Directors of Pharos Capital BDC, Inc.

 

Opinion on the Financial Statement

We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Pharos Capital BDC, Inc. (the Company) as of February 28, 2018 and the related notes to the financial statement (collectively, the financial statement). In our opinion, the financial statement presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of February 28, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Basis for Opinion

This financial statement is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statement based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS). These standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statement is free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statement, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statement. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statement. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/ RSM US LLP

 

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2018.

 

Chicago, Illinois

March 16, 2018

 

F-2 

 

 

Pharos Capital BDC, Inc.

Statement of Assets and Liabilities

As of February 28, 2018

 

Assets     
Cash  $1,000 
Total assets   1,000 
      

Commitments and contingencies (Note 4)

     
Net assets     
Common shares, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized;     
100 shares issued and outstanding   1 
Additional paid-in-capital   999 
Total net assets  $1,000 
      

Net asset value per share

  $10.00 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

F-3 

 

 

Pharos Capital BDC, Inc.

 

Notes to Statement of Assets and Liabilities

 

 

 

1.Organization and Basis of Presentation

 

Organization

 

Pharos Capital BDC, Inc. (the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation formed on October 3, 2017. The Company intends to elect to be regulated as a Business Development Company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“the 1940 Act”). The Company was formed primarily to lend to select high-growth companies in underserved communities with limited access to capital in the United States.

 

As of February 28, 2018, no operations other than the sale and issuance of 100 shares of common stock, par value $0.01, at an aggregate purchase price of $1,000 ($10.00 per share) to Pharos Capital Group, LLC, the Company’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”) have occurred. The sale of common shares was approved by the unanimous consent of the Company’s board.

 

The Company expects to conduct private offerings (each a “Private Offering”) of its common stock to investors in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. At the closing of any Private Offering, each investor will make a capital commitment (a “Capital Commitment”) to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to a subscription agreement entered into with the Company. Investors will be required to fund drawdowns to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock up to the amount of their respective Capital Commitment on an as-needed basis each time the Company delivers a notice to its investors. The Company anticipates commencing its loan origination and investment activities contemporaneously with the initial drawdown from investors in the Private Offering.

 

The Company is managed by the Adviser. No management fees will be paid to the Adviser until commencement of operations.

 

Basis of Presentation

The statement of assets and liabilities has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

 

Fiscal Year End

The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31.

 

2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Such estimates could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits and highly liquid investments (e.g. money market funds, U. S. treasury notes) with original maturities of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair value. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions.

 

Income Taxes

The Company intends to file an election to be regulated as a Business Development Company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company also intends to elect to be

 

F-4 

 

 

Pharos Capital BDC, Inc.

 

Notes to Statement of Assets and Liabilities (continued)

 

 

 

treated as a Regulated Investment Company (RIC) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for the taxable year ending December 31, 2018. So long as the Company maintains its status as a RIC, it generally will not pay corporate-level U. S. federal income taxes on any ordinary income or capital gains that it distributes at least annually to its stockholders as dividends. Rather, any tax liability related to income earned by the Company represents obligations of the Company’s investors and will not be reflected on the financial statements of the Company.

 

Management does not believe any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying financial statement.

 

3.Related Party Transactions

 

The Company entered into an investment advisory agreement with the Adviser, pursuant to which the Adviser manages the Company’s investment program and related activities. The advisory service fees will consist of an advisory fee and an incentive fee. The cost of both the base management fee and the incentive fee will ultimately be borne by the Company’s shareholders.

 

Base Management Fee

The base management fee is payable at the beginning of each calendar quarter and calculated at an annual rate of 1.50% of the sum of all assets as of the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter and of all uncalled capital committed to the Company by investors as of the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter. Uninvested cash will be included in gross assets for the purpose of calculating the base management fee. The base management fee for any partial month or quarter will be appropriately prorated.

 

Incentive Fee

The incentive fee, which provides the Adviser with a share of the income that the Adviser generates for the Company, will consist of an investment-income component and a capital-gains component, which are largely independent of each other, with the result that one component may be payable even if the other is not.

 

Investment Income Component: Under the investment income component, the Company will pay the Adviser each quarter an incentive fee with respect to its pre-incentive fee net investment income. The investment income component will be calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based on the pre-incentive fee net investment income for the immediately preceding fiscal quarter. Payments based on pre-incentive fee net investment income will be based on the pre-incentive fee net investment income earned for the quarter. For this purpose, “pre-incentive fee net investment income” means interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees, such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence, managerial and consulting fees or other fees the Company receives from portfolio companies) the Company accrues during the fiscal quarter, minus operating expenses for the quarter, including the base management fee, expenses payable under the administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”) entered into between the Company and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (the “Administrator”), and any interest expense and dividends paid on any issued and outstanding preferred stock, but excluding the incentive fee; provided however, that pre-incentive fee net investment income shall be reduced by multiplying the pre-incentive fee net investment income earned for the quarter by a fraction, the numerator of which is the Company’s total assets (as of quarter-end) minus average daily borrowings for the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, and the denominator of which is the Company’s total assets (as of quarter-end) for the immediately preceding fiscal quarter. Pre-

 

F-5 

 

 

Pharos Capital BDC, Inc.

 

Notes to Statement of Assets and Liabilities (continued)

 

 

 

incentive fee net investment income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature (such as original issue discount, debt instruments with pay in kind interest and zero coupon securities), accrued income that the Company has not yet received in cash; provided, however, that the portion of the incentive fee attributable to deferred interest features shall be paid, only if and to the extent received in cash, and any accrual thereof shall be reversed if and to the extent such interest is reversed in connection with any write off or similar treatment of the investment giving rise to any deferred interest accrual, applied in each case in the order such interest was accrued. Such subsequent payments in respect of previously accrued income shall not reduce the amounts payable for any quarter pursuant to the calculation of the investment income component described above. Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not include any realized capital gains, realized capital losses or unrealized capital appreciation or depreciation.

 

Pre-incentive fee net investment income, expressed as a rate of return on the value of the Company’s net assets (defined as the amount of funded capital commitments from investors) at the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, will be compared to a “hurdle rate” of 2.0% per quarter (8.0% annualized). The Company shall pay the Adviser an incentive fee with respect to the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income in each calendar quarter as follows: (1) no incentive fee in any calendar quarter in which the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income does not exceed the hurdle rate of 2.0%; (2) 100% of the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income with respect to that portion of such pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than 2.5% in any calendar quarter (10.0% annualized) (the portion of the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income that exceeds the hurdle but is less than 2.5% is referred to as the “catch-up”; the “catch-up” is meant to provide the Adviser with 20.0% of the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income as if a hurdle did not apply if the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 2.5% in any calendar quarter); and (3) 20.0% of the amount of the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds 2.5% in any calendar quarter (10.0% annualized) payable to the Adviser (once the hurdle is reached and the catch-up is achieved, 20.0% of all pre-incentive fee net investment income thereafter is allocated to the Adviser). These calculations shall be appropriately pro-rated for any period of less than three months.

 

Capital Gains Component: Under the capital gains component of the incentive fee, the Company will pay the Adviser at the end of each calendar year 20.0% of its aggregate cumulative realized capital gains from the date of our election to be regulated as a business development company through the end of that year, computed net of all aggregate cumulative realized capital losses and aggregate cumulative unrealized depreciation through the end of such year, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fees. For the foregoing purpose, the Company’s “aggregate cumulative realized capital gains” will not include any unrealized appreciation. The Company will accrue an incentive fee for accounting purposes taking into account any unrealized appreciation in accordance with GAAP. The capital gains component of the incentive fee is not subject to any minimum return to shareholders. If that amount is negative, then no capital gains incentive fee will be payable for such year. If the Investment Advisory Agreement is terminated as of a date that is not a calendar year end, the termination date will be treated as though it were a calendar year end for purposes of calculating and paying the capital gains incentive fee.

 

F-6 

 

 

Pharos Capital BDC, Inc.

 

Notes to Statement of Assets and Liabilities (continued)

 

 

  

4.Commitments and Contingencies

 

As of February 28, 2018, the Adviser and its affiliates have incurred organizational and offering costs of approximately $510,522 on behalf of the Company. In the event receipt of a formal commitment of external capital does not occur, initial organization and offering costs incurred will be borne by the Adviser. As there has been no formal commitment of external capital as of the date of issuance of this statement of assets and liabilities, no such costs have been recorded by the Company.

 

5.Net Assets

 

As of February 28, 2018, the total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Company has the authority to issue is 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share. During the period October 3, 2017, the date of inception, to February 28, 2018, the Adviser committed to contribute $1,000 of capital to the Company. In exchange for this contribution, the Adviser received 100 shares of common stock of the Company at $10 per share.

 

6.Subsequent Events

 

There have been no subsequent events that require recognition or disclosure through March 16, 2018, the date that the financial statement was available to be issued.

 

F-7 

 

EX-3.1 2 f1012g2018a1ex3-1_pharos.htm ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT

Exhibit 3.1

 

PHAROS CAPITAL BDC, INC.

 

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT

 

FIRST: Pharos Capital BDC, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Corporation”), desires to amend and restate its charter as currently in effect and as hereinafter amended.

 

SECOND: The following provisions are all the provisions of the charter currently in effect and as hereinafter amended:

 

ARTICLE I

 

NAME

 

The name of the Corporation is Pharos Capital BDC, Inc.

 

ARTICLE II

 

PURPOSES

 

The purposes for which the Corporation is formed are to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the general laws of the State of Maryland as now or hereafter in force, including, without limitation or obligation, engaging in business as a business development company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

 

ARTICLE III

 

RESIDENT AGENT AND PRINCIPAL OFFICE

 

The name of the resident agent of the Corporation in the State of Maryland is The Corporation Trust Incorporated, whose address is 2405 York Road, Suite 201, Lutherville Timonium MD 21093-2264. The street address of the principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland is c/o The Corporation Trust Incorporated, whose address is 2405 York Road, Suite 201, Lutherville Timonium MD 21093-2264.

 

ARTICLE IV

 

PROVISIONS FOR DEFINING, LIMITING

AND REGULATING CERTAIN POWERS OF THE

CORPORATION AND OF THE STOCKHOLDERS AND DIRECTORS

 

Section 4.1 Number, Vacancies and Classification of Directors. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board”). The number of directors of the Corporation is five, which number may be increased or decreased only by the Board pursuant to the Bylaws, but shall never be less than the minimum number required by the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”). The names of the directors who shall serve until the first annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualify are:

 

Kneeland Youngblood

D. Robert Crants III

Wanda Lynn Fitch

Paul H. Irving

Billie Williamson

 

   

 

 

These directors may increase the number of directors and may fill any vacancy, whether resulting from an increase in the number of directors or otherwise, on the Board occurring before the first annual meeting of stockholders in the manner provided in the Bylaws.

 

The Corporation elects, at such time as the Corporation becomes eligible to make an election provided for under Section 3-802(b) of the MGCL, that, subject to applicable requirements of the 1940 Act and except as may be provided by the Board in setting the terms of any class or series of Preferred Stock (as hereinafter defined), any and all vacancies on the Board may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred and until a successor is duly elected and qualifies.

 

On the first date on which the Corporation shall have more than one stockholder of record, the directors (other than any director elected solely by holders of one or more classes or series of Preferred Stock in connection with dividend arrearages) shall be classified, with respect to the terms for which they severally hold office, into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible as determined by the Board, one class to hold office initially for a term expiring at the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders, another class to hold office initially for a term expiring at the second succeeding annual meeting of stockholders and another class to hold office initially for a term expiring at the third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders, with the members of each class to hold office until their successors are duly elected and qualify. At each annual meeting of the stockholders, the successors to the class of directors whose term expires at such meeting shall be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders held in the third year following the year of their election and until their successors are duly elected and qualify.

 

Section 4.2 Extraordinary Actions. Except as specifically provided in Section 4.9 and in Section 6.2 of the charter of the Corporation (the “Charter”), notwithstanding any provision of law requiring any action to be taken or approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of shares entitled to cast a greater number of votes, any such action shall be effective and valid if declared advisable and approved by the Board and taken or approved by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

 

Section 4.3 Election of Directors. Except as otherwise provided in the Bylaws of the Corporation, each director shall be elected by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of stock outstanding and entitled to vote thereon.

 

Section 4.4 Quorum. The presence in person or by proxy of the holders of shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast (without regard to class) shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of stockholders, except with respect to any such matter that, under applicable statutes or regulatory requirements or the Charter, requires approval by a separate vote of one or more classes or series of stock, in which case the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of shares entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by such classes or series on such a matter shall constitute a quorum. To the extent permitted by Maryland law as in effect from time to time, the foregoing quorum provision may be changed by the Bylaws.

 

Section 4.5 Authorization by Board of Stock Issuance. The Board may authorize the issuance from time to time of shares of stock of the Corporation of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, or securities or rights convertible into shares of its stock of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, for such consideration as the Board may deem advisable (or without consideration in the case of a stock split or stock dividend), subject to such restrictions or limitations, if any, as may be set forth in the Bylaws.

 

Section 4.6 Preemptive Rights. Except as may be provided by the Board in setting the terms of classified or reclassified shares of stock pursuant to Section 5.4 or as may otherwise be provided by contract, no holder of shares of stock of the Corporation shall, as such holder, have any preemptive right to purchase or subscribe for any additional shares of stock of the Corporation or any other security of the Corporation which it may issue or sell.

 

Section 4.7 Appraisal Rights. No holder of stock of the Corporation shall be entitled to exercise the rights of an objecting stockholder under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the MGCL or any successor provision thereto unless the Board, upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board, shall determine that such rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of stock, or any proportion of the shares thereof, to a particular transaction or all transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which holders of such shares would otherwise be entitled to exercise such rights.

 

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Section 4.8 Determinations by Board. The determination as to any of the following matters, made in good faith by or pursuant to the direction of the Board consistent with the Charter, shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding upon the Corporation and every holder of shares of its stock: the amount of the net income of the Corporation for any period and the amount of assets at any time legally available for the payment of dividends, redemption of its stock or the payment of other distributions on its stock; the amount of paid-in surplus, net assets, other surplus, annual or other cash flow, net profit, net assets in excess of capital, undivided profits or excess of profits over losses on sales of assets; the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such reserves or charges shall have been created shall have been paid or discharged); any interpretation of the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers or rights, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of any class or series of stock of the Corporation; the fair value, or any sale, bid or asked price to be applied in determining the fair value, of any asset owned or held by the Corporation or of any shares of stock of the Corporation; the number of shares of stock of any class of the Corporation; any matter relating to the acquisition, holding and disposition of any assets by the Corporation; or any other matter relating to the business and affairs of the Corporation or required or permitted by applicable law, the Charter or Bylaws or otherwise to be determined by the Board.

 

Section 4.9 Removal of Directors. Subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of Preferred Stock to elect or remove one or more directors, any director, or the entire Board, may be removed from office at any time only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. For the purpose of this paragraph, “cause” shall mean, with respect to any particular director, conviction of a felony or a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction holding that such director caused demonstrable, material harm to the Corporation through bad faith or active and deliberate dishonesty.

 

Section 4.10 Exclusive Forum. All stockholders of the Corporation shall be subject to the forum selection provisions for any direct or derivative action or proceeding as may be set forth in the Bylaws.

 

ARTICLE V

 

STOCK

 

Section 5.1 Authorized Shares. The Corporation has authority to issue 100,000,000 shares of stock, initially consisting of 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Common Stock”). The aggregate par value of all authorized shares of stock having par value is $1,000,000. If shares of one class or series of stock are classified or reclassified into shares of another class or series of stock pursuant to this Article V, the number of authorized shares of the former class or series shall be automatically decreased and the number of shares of the latter class or series shall be automatically increased, in each case by the number of shares so classified or reclassified, so that the aggregate number of shares of stock of all classes and series that the Corporation has authority to issue shall not be more than the total number of shares of stock set forth in the first sentence of this paragraph. A majority of the entire Board, without any action by the stockholders of the Corporation, may amend the Charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that the Corporation has authority to issue.

 

Section 5.2 Common Stock. Each share of Common Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote. The Board may reclassify any unissued shares of Common Stock from time to time into one or more classes or series of stock.

 

Section 5.3 Preferred Stock. The Board may classify any unissued shares of stock and reclassify any previously classified but unissued shares of stock of any class or series from time to time, into one or more classes or series of stock, including preferred stock (“Preferred Stock”).

 

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Section 5.4 Classified or Reclassified Shares. Prior to issuance of classified or reclassified shares of any class or series, the Board by resolution shall: (a) designate that class or series to distinguish it from all other classes and series of stock of the Corporation; (b) specify the number of shares to be included in the class or series; (c) set or change, subject to the express terms of any class or series of stock of the Corporation outstanding at the time, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series; and (d) cause the Corporation to file articles supplementary with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (“SDAT”). Any of the terms of any class or series of stock may be made dependent upon facts or events ascertainable outside the Charter (including determinations by the Board or other facts or events within the control of the Corporation) and may vary among holders thereof, provided that the manner in which such facts, events or variations shall operate upon the terms of such class or series of stock is clearly and expressly set forth in the Charter document filed with the SDAT.

 

Section 5.5 Inspection of Books and Records. A stockholder that is otherwise eligible under applicable law to inspect the Corporation’s books of account, stock ledger, or other specified documents of the Corporation shall have no right to make such inspection if the Board determines that such stockholder has an improper purpose for requesting such inspection.

 

Section 5.6 Charter and Bylaws. All persons who shall acquire stock in the Corporation shall acquire the same subject to the provisions of the Charter and the Bylaws. The Board shall have the exclusive power, at any time, to make, alter, amend or repeal the Bylaws.

 

ARTICLE VI

 

AMENDMENTS; CERTAIN EXTRAORDINARY TRANSACTIONS

 

Section 6.1 Amendments Generally. The Corporation reserves the right from time to time to make any amendment to its Charter, now or hereafter authorized by law, including any amendment altering the terms or contract rights, as expressly set forth in the Charter, of any shares of outstanding stock. All rights and powers conferred by the Charter on stockholders, directors and officers are granted subject to this reservation.

 

Section 6.2 Approval of Certain Extraordinary Actions and Charter Amendments.

 

(a) Required Votes. The affirmative vote of the holders of shares entitled to cast at least 80 percent of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, each voting as a separate class, shall be necessary to effect:

 

  (i) Any amendment to the Charter to make the Corporation’s Common Stock a “redeemable security” or to convert the Corporation, whether by merger or otherwise, from a “closed-end company” to an “open-end company” (as such terms are defined in the 1940 Act);

 

  (ii) The liquidation or dissolution of the Corporation and any amendment to the Charter to effect any such liquidation or dissolution;

 

  (iii) Any amendment to, or any amendment inconsistent with the provisions of, Section 4.1, Section 4.2, Section 4.9, Section 6.1 or this Section 6.2;

 

  (iv) Any merger, consolidation, share exchange or sale or exchange of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation that the MGCL requires be approved by the stockholders of the Corporation; and

 

  (v) Any transaction between the Corporation and a person, or group of persons acting together (including, without limitation, a “group” for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor provision), and any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with any such person or member of such group, that is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise, or acquire the right to exercise or direct the exercise, directly or indirectly, other than solely by virtue of a revocable proxy, of one-tenth or more of the voting power in the election of directors generally; provided, however, that, if the Continuing Directors (as defined herein), by a vote of at least a majority of such Continuing Directors, in addition to approval by the Board, approve such proposal, transaction or amendment, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast shall be sufficient to approve such proposal, transaction or amendment; and provided further, that, with respect to any transaction referred to in (a)(v) above, if such transaction is approved by the Continuing Directors, by a vote of at least two-thirds of such Continuing Directors, no stockholder approval of such transaction shall be required unless the MGCL or another provision of the Charter or Bylaws otherwise requires such approval.

 

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(b) Continuing Directors. “Continuing Directors” means (i) the directors identified in Section 4.1, (ii) the directors whose nomination for election by the stockholders or whose election by the directors to fill vacancies on the Board is approved by a majority of the directors identified in Section 4.1, who are on the Board at the time of the nomination or election, as applicable, or (iii) any successor directors whose nomination for election by the stockholders or whose election by the directors to fill vacancies is approved by a majority of the Continuing Directors or successor Continuing Directors, who are on the Board at the time of the nomination or election, as applicable.

 

ARTICLE VII

 

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION

AND ADVANCE OF EXPENSES

 

Section 7.1 Limitation of Liability. To the maximum extent that Maryland law in effect from time to time permits limitation of the liability of directors and officers of a corporation, no present or former director or officer of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for money damages.

 

Section 7.2 Indemnification and Advance of Expenses. The Corporation shall have the power, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and the 1940 Act, both as in effect from time to time, to obligate itself to indemnify, and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to, (a) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Corporation or (b) any individual who, while a director or officer of the Corporation and at the request of the Corporation, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, trustee, member or manager of another corporation, real estate investment trust, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise from and against any claim or liability to which such person may become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his or her service in such capacity. The Corporation shall have the power, with the approval of the Board or any duly authorized committee thereof, to provide such indemnification and advancement of expenses to an individual who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described in (a) or (b) above and to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the Corporation.

 

Section 7.3 1940 Act. The provisions of this Article VII shall be subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act.

 

Section 7.4 Amendment or Repeal. Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Article VII, nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of the Charter or Bylaws inconsistent with this Article VII, shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding sections of this Article VII with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.

 

ARTICLE VIII


TERMINATION; LIQUIDATION 

 

Notwithstanding anything contained in this Charter to the contrary, if, prior to any initial public offering of the common stock that may occur, the Board determines that there has been a significant adverse change in the regulatory or tax treatment of the Corporation or its stockholders that in its judgment makes it inadvisable for the Corporation to continue in its present form, then the Board shall endeavor to restructure or change the form of the Corporation to preserve (insofar as possible) the overall benefits previously enjoyed by stockholders as a whole or, if the Board determines it appropriate (and subject to any necessary stockholder approvals and applicable requirements of the 1940 Act), the Board may (i)(a) wind down, (b) sell or exchange all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets, and/or (c) liquidate and dissolve the Corporation; or (ii) amend this Charter as necessary to preserve (insofar as possible) the overall benefits previously enjoyed by stockholders as a whole.

 

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Notwithstanding anything in this Charter, the Corporation if within ten (10) years of the initial closing to the first private offering of the Common Stock in reliance on exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, subject to extension for two additional one-year periods in the sole discretion of the Board, the Board has not (a) offered stockholders a liquidity option, such as a share repurchase plan, or an option to exchange shares for shares of common stock in a newly formed entity, or another liquidity option; or (b) conducted an initial public offering of the Common Stock, then the Corporation’s Board (subject to any necessary stockholder approvals and applicable requirements of the 1940 Act) shall use its best efforts to wind down and/or liquidate and dissolve the Corporation.

 

THIRD: The amendment to and restatement of the charter as hereinabove set forth has been duly advised by the Board and approved by the stockholders of the Corporation as required by law.

 

FOURTH: The current address of the principal office of the Corporation is as set forth in Article III of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.

 

FIFTH: The name and address of the Corporation’s current resident agent is as set forth in Article III of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.

 

SIXTH: The number of directors of the Corporation and the names of those currently in office are as set forth in Article IV of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.

 

SEVENTH: This amendment and restatement shall not affect the total number of shares of stock which the Corporation has authority to issue or the par value thereof.

 

EIGHTH: The undersigned President and Chief Executive Officer acknowledges these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be the corporate act of the Corporation and, as to all matters or facts required to be verified under oath, the undersigned President and Chief Executive Officer acknowledges that, to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, these matters and facts are true in all material respects and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its Chief Executive Officer and attested to by its Secretary on this 20th day of February, 2018.

 

ATTEST:   Pharos Capital BDC, Inc.
     
    By:        
Joel Goldberg     Kneeland Youngblood
Secretary     Chief Executive Officer

 

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EX-3.2 3 f1012g2018a1ex3-2_pharos.htm BYLAWS

Exhibit 3.2

 

PHAROS CAPITAL BDC, INC. (the “Corporation”)

 

BYLAWS

 

FEBRUARY 20, 2018

 

ARTICLE I

 

OFFICES

 

Section 1. PRINCIPAL OFFICE. The principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland shall be located at such place as the Board of Directors may designate.

 

Section 2. ADDITIONAL OFFICES. The Corporation may have additional offices, including a principal executive office, at such places as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

 

ARTICLE II

 

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

 

Section 1. PLACE. All meetings of stockholders shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation or at such other place as shall be set by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting.

 

Section 2. ANNUAL MEETING. An annual meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of any business within the powers of the Corporation shall be held on the date and at the time set by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 3. SPECIAL MEETINGS.

 

(a) General. The Chair of the Board, the chief executive officer, the president or the Board of Directors may call a special meeting of the stockholders. Subject to subsection (b) of this Section 3, a special meeting of stockholders shall also be called by the secretary of the Corporation upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting.

 

(b) Stockholder Requested Special Meetings. (1) Any stockholder of record seeking to have stockholders request a special meeting shall, by sending written notice to the secretary (the “Record Date Request Notice”) by registered mail, return receipt requested, request the Board of Directors to fix a record date to determine the stockholders entitled to request a special meeting (the “Request Record Date”). The Record Date Request Notice shall set forth the purpose of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at it, shall be signed by one or more stockholders of record as of the date of signature (or their agents duly authorized in a writing accompanying the Record Date Request Notice), shall bear the date of signature of each such stockholder (or such agent) and shall set forth all information relating to each such stockholder that must be disclosed in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of directors in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or is otherwise required in connection with such a solicitation, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Exchange Act”). Upon receiving the Record Date Request Notice, the Board of Directors may fix a Request Record Date. The Request Record Date shall not precede and shall not be more than ten days after the close of business on the date on which the resolution fixing the Request Record Date is adopted by the Board of Directors. If the Board of Directors, within ten days after the date on which a valid Record Date Request Notice is received, fails to adopt a resolution fixing the Request Record Date, the Request Record Date shall be the close of business on the tenth day after the first date on which the Record Date Request Notice is received by the secretary.

 

   

 

 

(2) In order for any stockholder to request a special meeting, one or more written requests for a special meeting (collectively, the “Special Meeting Request”) signed by stockholders of record (or their agents duly authorized in a writing accompanying the request) as of the Request Record Date entitled to cast not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting (the “Special Meeting Percentage”) shall be delivered to the secretary. In addition, the Special Meeting Request shall (a) set forth the purpose of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at it (which shall be limited to those lawful matters set forth in the Record Date Request Notice received by the secretary), (b) bear the date of signature of each such stockholder (or such agent) signing the Special Meeting Request, (c) set forth (i) the name and address, as they appear in the Corporation’s books, of each stockholder signing such request (or on whose behalf the Special Meeting Request is signed), (ii) the class, series and number of all shares of stock of the Corporation which are owned (beneficially or of record) by each such stockholder and (iii) the nominee holder for, and number of, shares of stock of the Corporation owned beneficially but not of record by such stockholder, (d) be sent to the secretary by registered mail, return receipt requested, and (e) be received by the secretary within 60 days after the Request Record Date. Any requesting stockholder (or agent duly authorized in a writing accompanying the revocation or the Special Meeting Request) may revoke his, her or its request for a special meeting at any time by written revocation delivered to the secretary.

 

(3) The secretary shall inform the requesting stockholders of the reasonably estimated cost of preparing and mailing or delivering the notice of the meeting (including the Corporation’s proxy materials). The secretary shall not be required to call a special meeting upon stockholder request and such meeting shall not be held unless, in addition to the documents required by paragraph (2) of this Section 3(b), the secretary receives payment of such reasonably estimated cost prior to the preparation and mailing or delivery of any notice of the meeting.

 

(4) Except as provided in the next sentence, any special meeting shall be held at such place, date and time as may be designated by the Chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, the president or the Board of Directors, whoever has called the meeting. In the case of any special meeting called by the secretary upon the request of stockholders (a “Stockholder-Requested Meeting”), such meeting shall be held at such place, date and time as may be designated by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that the date of any Stockholder-Requested Meeting shall be not more than 90 days after the record date for such meeting (the “Meeting Record Date”); and provided further that if the Board of Directors fails to designate, within ten days after the date that a valid Special Meeting Request is actually received by the secretary (the “Delivery Date”), a date and time for a Stockholder-Requested Meeting, then such meeting shall be held at 2:00 p.m., local time, on the 90th day after the Meeting Record Date or, if such 90th day is not a Business Day (as defined below), on the first preceding Business Day; and provided further that in the event that the Board of Directors fails to designate a place for a Stockholder-Requested Meeting within ten days after the Delivery Date, then such meeting shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation. In fixing a date for any special meeting, the Chair of the Board, the chief executive officer, the president or the Board of Directors may consider such factors as he, she or it deems relevant within the good faith exercise of business judgment, including, without limitation, the nature of the matters to be considered, the facts and circumstances surrounding any request for the meeting and any plan of the Board of Directors to call an annual meeting or a special meeting. In the case of any Stockholder-Requested Meeting, if the Board of Directors fails to fix a Meeting Record Date that is a date within 30 days after the Delivery Date, then the close of business on the 30th day after the Delivery Date shall be the Meeting Record Date. The Board of Directors may revoke the notice for any Stockholder-Requested Meeting in the event that the requesting stockholders fail to comply with the provisions of paragraph (3) of this Section 3(b).

 

(5) If written revocations of the Special Meeting Request have been delivered to the secretary and the result is that stockholders of record (or their agents duly authorized in writing), as of the Request Record Date, entitled to cast less than the Special Meeting Percentage have delivered, and not revoked, requests for a special meeting to the secretary: (i) if the notice of meeting has not already been mailed or delivered, the secretary shall refrain from mailing or delivering the notice of the meeting and send to all requesting stockholders who have not revoked such requests written notice of any revocation of a request for the special meeting, or (ii) if the notice of meeting has been mailed or delivered and if the secretary first sends to all requesting stockholders who have not revoked requests for a special meeting written notice of any revocation of a request for the special meeting and written notice of the Corporation’s intention to revoke the notice of the meeting or for the chair of the meeting to adjourn the meeting without action on the matter, (A) the secretary may revoke the notice of the meeting at any time before ten days before the commencement of the meeting or (B) the chair of the meeting may call the meeting to order and adjourn the meeting without acting on the matter. Any request for a special meeting received after a revocation by the secretary of a notice of a meeting shall be considered a request for a new special meeting.

 

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(6) The Chair of the Board, chief executive officer, president or Board of Directors may appoint independent inspectors of elections to act as the agent of the Corporation for the purpose of promptly performing a ministerial review of the validity of any purported Special Meeting Request received by the secretary. For the purpose of permitting the inspectors to perform such review, no such purported Special Meeting Request shall be deemed to have been delivered to the secretary until the earlier of (i) five Business Days after receipt by the secretary of such purported request and (ii) such date as the independent inspectors certify to the Corporation that the valid requests received by the secretary represent, as of the Request Record Date, not less than the Special Meeting Percentage. Nothing contained in this paragraph (6) shall in any way be construed to suggest or imply that the Corporation or any stockholder shall not be entitled to contest the validity of any request, whether during or after such five Business Day period, or to take any other action (including, without limitation, the commencement, prosecution or defense of any litigation with respect thereto, and the seeking of injunctive relief in such litigation).

 

(7) For purposes of these Bylaws, “Business Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

 

Section 4. NOTICE OF MEETINGS. Not less than ten nor more than 90 days before each meeting of stockholders, the secretary shall give to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting and to each stockholder not entitled to vote who is entitled to notice of the meeting notice in writing or by electronic transmission stating the time and place of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting or as otherwise may be required by any statute, the purpose for which the meeting is called, either by mail, by presenting it to such stockholder personally, by leaving it at the stockholder’s residence or usual place of business or by any other means permitted by Maryland law. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid. If transmitted electronically, such notice shall be deemed to be given when transmitted to the stockholder by an electronic transmission to any address or number of the stockholder at which the stockholder receives electronic transmissions. The Corporation may give a single notice to all stockholders who share an address, which single notice shall be effective as to any stockholder at such address, unless such stockholder objects to receiving such single notice or revokes a prior consent to receiving such single notice. Failure to give notice of any meeting to one or more stockholders, or any irregularity in such notice, shall not affect the validity of any meeting fixed in accordance with this Article II or the validity of any proceedings at any such meeting.

 

Subject to Section 11(a) of this Article II, any business of the Corporation may be transacted at an annual meeting of stockholders without being specifically designated in the notice, except such business as is required by any statute to be stated in such notice. No business shall be transacted at a special meeting of stockholders except as specifically designated in the notice. The Corporation may postpone or cancel a meeting of stockholders by making a “public announcement” (as defined in Section 11(c)(3) of this Article II) of such postponement or cancellation prior to the meeting. Notice of the date, time and place to which the meeting is postponed shall be given not less than ten days prior to such date and otherwise in the manner set forth in this section.

 

Section 5. ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT. Every meeting of stockholders shall be conducted by an individual appointed by the Board of Directors to be chair of the meeting or, in the absence of such appointment or appointed individual, by the Chair of the Board or, in the case of a vacancy in the office or absence of the Chair of the Board, by one of the following officers present at the meeting: the Vice Chair of the Board, if any, the chief executive officer, the president, any vice president, the secretary, the treasurer or, in the absence of such officers, a chair chosen by the stockholders by the vote of a majority of the votes cast by stockholders present in person or by proxy. The secretary or, in the secretary’s absence, an assistant secretary or, in the absence of both the secretary and assistant secretaries, an individual appointed by the Board of Directors or, in the absence of such appointment, an individual appointed by the chair of the meeting shall act as secretary. In the event that the secretary presides at a meeting of stockholders, an assistant secretary, or, in the absence of all assistant secretaries, an individual appointed by the Board of Directors or the chair of the meeting, shall record the minutes of the meeting. The order of business and all other matters of procedure at any meeting of stockholders shall be determined by the chair of the meeting. The chair of the meeting may prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and take such action as, in the discretion of the chair and without any action by the stockholders, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, (a) restricting admission to the time set for the commencement of the meeting; (b) limiting attendance at the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized proxies and other such individuals as the chair of the meeting may determine; (c) limiting participation at the meeting on any matter to stockholders of record of the Corporation entitled to vote on such matter, their duly authorized proxies and other such individuals as the chair of the meeting may determine; (d) limiting the time allotted to questions or comments; (e) determining when the polls should be opened and closed; (f) maintaining order and security at the meeting; (g) removing any stockholder or any other individual who refuses to comply with meeting procedures, rules or guidelines as set forth by the chair of the meeting; (h) concluding a meeting or recessing or adjourning the meeting to a later date and time and at a place announced at the meeting; and (i) complying with any state and local laws and regulations concerning safety and security. Unless otherwise determined by the chair of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.

 

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Section 6. QUORUM. At any meeting of stockholders, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast (without regard to class) shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of the stockholders, except with respect to any such matter that, under applicable statutes or regulatory requirements, requires approval by a separate vote of one or more classes of stock, in which case the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of shares entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by each such class on such a matter shall constitute a quorum. This section shall not affect any requirement under any statute or the charter of the Corporation for the vote necessary for the approval of any matter.

 

If, however, such quorum is not present at any meeting of the stockholders, the chair of the meeting shall have the power to (a) adjourn the meeting from time to time to a date not more than 120 days after the original record date without notice other than announcement at the meeting or (b) conclude the meeting without adjournment to another date. If a meeting is adjourned and a quorum is present at such adjournment, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.

 

The stockholders present either in person or by proxy, at a meeting which has been duly called and at which a quorum was present, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal from the meeting of enough stockholders to leave fewer than would be required to establish a quorum.

 

Section 7. VOTING. A plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present shall be sufficient to elect a director. Each share may be voted for as many individuals as there are directors to be elected and for whose election the share is entitled to be voted. A majority of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present shall be sufficient to approve any other matter which may properly come before the meeting, unless more than a majority of the votes cast is required by statute or by the charter of the Corporation. Unless otherwise provided in the charter, each outstanding share, regardless of class, shall be entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of stockholders.

 

Section 8. PROXIES. A stockholder may cast the votes entitled to be cast by the holder of the shares of stock owned of record by the stockholder in person or by proxy executed by the stockholder or by the stockholder’s duly authorized agent in any manner permitted by law. Such proxy or evidence of authorization of such proxy shall be filed with the secretary of the Corporation before or at the meeting. No proxy shall be valid more than eleven months after its date unless otherwise provided in the proxy.

 

Section 9. VOTING OF STOCK BY CERTAIN HOLDERS. Stock of the Corporation registered in the name of a corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company or other entity, if entitled to be voted, may be voted by the president or a vice president, general partner, trustee or managing member thereof, as the case may be, or a proxy appointed by any of the foregoing individuals, unless some other person who has been appointed to vote such stock pursuant to a bylaw or a resolution of the governing body of such corporation or other entity or agreement of the partners of a partnership presents a certified copy of such bylaw, resolution or agreement, in which case such person may vote such stock. Any director or other fiduciary may vote stock registered in the name of such person in the capacity of such director or fiduciary, either in person or by proxy.

 

Shares of stock of the Corporation directly or indirectly owned by it shall not be voted at any meeting and shall not be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares entitled to be voted at any given time, unless they are held by it in a fiduciary capacity, in which case they may be voted and shall be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares at any given time.

 

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The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution a procedure by which a stockholder may certify in writing to the Corporation that any shares of stock registered in the name of the stockholder are held for the account of a specified person other than the stockholder. The resolution shall set forth the class of stockholders who may make the certification, the purpose for which the certification may be made, the form of certification and the information to be contained in it; if the certification is with respect to a record date, the time after the record date within which the certification must be received by the Corporation; and any other provisions with respect to the procedure which the Board of Directors considers necessary or desirable. On receipt by the Corporation of such certification, the person specified in the certification shall be regarded as, for the purposes set forth in the certification, the holder of record of the specified stock in place of the stockholder who makes the certification.

 

Section 10. INSPECTORS. The Board of Directors or the chair of the meeting may appoint, before or at the meeting, one or more inspectors for the meeting and any successor thereto. The inspectors, if any, shall (i) determine the number of shares of stock represented at the meeting, in person or by proxy and the validity and effect of proxies, (ii) receive and tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, (iii) report such tabulation to the chair of the meeting, (iv) hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, and (v) do such acts as are proper to fairly conduct the election or vote. Each such report shall be in writing and signed by the inspector or by a majority of them if there is more than one inspector acting at such meeting. If there is more than one inspector, the report of a majority shall be the report of the inspectors. The report of the inspector or inspectors on the number of shares represented at the meeting and the results of the voting shall be prima facie evidence thereof.

 

Section 11. ADVANCE NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDER NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR AND OTHER STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS.

 

(a) Annual Meetings of Stockholders. (1) Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors and the proposal of other business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders (i) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting, (ii) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (iii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice by the stockholder as provided for in this Section 11(a) and at the time of the annual meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with this Section 11(a).

 

(2) For any nomination or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (iii) of paragraph (a)(1) of this Section 11, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the secretary of the Corporation and any such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for action by the stockholders. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall set forth all information required under this Section 11 and shall be delivered to the secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not earlier than the 150th day prior to the first anniversary of the date of the proxy statement for the preceding year’s annual meeting nor later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of the date of the proxy statement (as defined in Section 11(c)(3) of this Article II) for the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days from the first anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting (or in the case of the first annual meeting), notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the 150th day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of the 120th day prior to the date of such annual meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. The public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of an annual meeting shall not commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

 

(3) Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth:

 

(i) as to each individual whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director (each, a “Proposed Nominee”), (A) the name, age, business address and residence address of such Proposed Nominee, (B) whether such stockholder believes any Proposed Nominee is, or is not, an “interested person of the Corporation, as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder (the “Investment Company Act”) and information regarding such Proposed Nominee that is sufficient, in the discretion of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof or any authorized officer of the Corporation, to make such determination and (C) all other information relating to such Proposed Nominee that is required to be disclosed in connection with the solicitation of proxies for election of directors in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder (including such Proposed Nominee’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected);

 

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(ii) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a description of such business, the reasons for proposing such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person (as defined below), individually or in the aggregate, including any anticipated benefit to the stockholder or the Stockholder Associated Person therefrom;

 

(iii) as to the stockholder giving the notice, any Proposed Nominee and any Stockholder Associated Person,

 

(A) the class, series and number of all shares of stock or other securities of the Corporation or any affiliate thereof (collectively, the “Company Securities”), if any, which are owned (beneficially or of record) by such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person, the date on which each such Company Security was acquired and the investment intent of such acquisition, and any short interest (including any opportunity to profit or share in any benefit from any decrease in the price of such stock or other security) in any Company Securities of any such person,

 

(B) the nominee holder for, and number of, any Company Securities owned beneficially but not of record by such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person,

 

(C) whether and the extent to which such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person, directly or indirectly (through brokers, nominees or otherwise), is subject to or has engaged in any hedging, derivative or other transaction or series of transactions or entered into any other agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any short interest, any borrowing or lending of securities or any proxy or voting agreement), the effect or intent of which is to (I) manage risk or benefit of changes in the price of (x) Company Securities or (y) any security of any other closed-end investment company (a “Peer Group Company”) for such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person or (II) increase or decrease the voting power of such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person in the Corporation or any affiliate thereof (or, as applicable, in any Peer Group Company) disproportionately to such person’s economic interest in the Company Securities (or, as applicable, in any Peer Group Company); and

 

(D) any substantial interest, direct or indirect (including, without limitation, any existing or prospective commercial, business or contractual relationship with the Corporation), by security holdings or otherwise, of such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person, in the Corporation or any affiliate thereof, other than an interest arising from the ownership of Company Securities where such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person receives no extra or special benefit not shared on a pro rata basis by all other holders of the same class or series;

 

(iv) as to the stockholder giving the notice, any Stockholder Associated Person with an interest or ownership referred to in clauses (ii) or (iii) of this paragraph (3) of this Section 11(a) and any Proposed Nominee,

 

(A) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s stock ledger, and the current name and address, if different, of each such Stockholder Associated Person and any Proposed Nominee, and

 

(B) the investment strategy or objective, if any, of such stockholder and each such Stockholder Associated Person and a copy of the prospectus, offering memorandum or similar document, if any provided to investors or potential investors in such stockholder and each such Stockholder Associated Person; and

 

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(v) to the extent known by the stockholder giving the notice, the name and address of any other stockholder supporting the nominee for election or reelection as a director or the proposal of other business on the date of such stockholder’s notice.

 

(4) Such stockholder’s notice shall, with respect to any Proposed Nominee, be accompanied by a certificate executed by the Proposed Nominee (i) certifying that such Proposed Nominee (a) is not, and will not become a party to, any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed to the Corporation and (b) will serve as a director of the Corporation if elected; and (ii) attaching a completed Proposed Nominee questionnaire (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Corporation, upon request, to the stockholder providing the notice and shall include all information relating to the Proposed Nominee that would be required to be disclosed in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of the Proposed Nominee as a director in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or would otherwise be required in connection with such solicitation, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder, or would be required pursuant to the rules of any national securities exchange on which any securities of the Corporation are listed or over-the-counter market on which any securities of the Corporation are traded).

 

(5) Notwithstanding anything in this subsection (a) of this Section 11 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors is increased and there is no public announcement of such action at least 130 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the proxy statement (as defined in Section 11(c)(3) of this Article II) for the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 11(a) shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the tenth day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.

 

(6) For purposes of this Section 11, “Stockholder Associated Person” of any stockholder shall mean (i) any person acting in concert with such stockholder, (ii) any beneficial owner of shares of stock of the Corporation owned of record or beneficially by such stockholder (other than a stockholder that is a depositary) and (iii) any person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such stockholder or such Stockholder Associated Person.

 

(b) Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected only (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) provided that the special meeting has been called in accordance with Section 3(a) of this Article II for the purpose of electing directors, by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 11 and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated and who has complied with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 11. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more individuals to the Board of Directors, any stockholder may nominate an individual or individuals (as the case may be) for election as a director as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice, containing the information required by paragraph (a)(3) of this Section 11, is delivered to the secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not earlier than the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. The public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of a special meeting shall not commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

 

(c) General. (1) If information submitted pursuant to this Section 11 by any stockholder proposing a nominee for election as a Director or any proposal for other business at a meeting of stockholders shall be inaccurate in any material respect, such information may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 11. Upon written request by the secretary or the Board of Directors, any such stockholder shall provide, within five Business Days of delivery of such request (or such other period as may be specified in such request), (A) written verification, satisfactory, in the discretion of the Board of Directors or any authorized officer of the Corporation, to demonstrate the accuracy of any information submitted by the stockholder pursuant to this Section 11 and (B) a written update of any information previously submitted by the stockholder pursuant to this Section 11 as of an earlier date (including, if requested by the Corporation, written confirmation by such stockholder that it continues to intend to bring such nomination or other business proposal before the meeting). If a stockholder fails to provide such written verification or written update within such period, the information as to which written verification or a written update was requested may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 11.

 

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(2) Only such individuals who are nominated in accordance with this Section 11 shall be eligible for election by stockholders as directors, and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with this Section 11. The chair of the meeting shall have the power to determine whether a nomination or any other business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with this Section 11.

 

(3) For purposes of this Section 11, “the date of the proxy statement” shall have the same meaning as “the date of the company’s proxy statement release to shareholders” as used in Rule 14a-8(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, as interpreted by the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. “Public announcement” shall mean disclosure (A) in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press, Business Wire, PR Newswire or other widely circulated news or wire service or (B) in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act or the Investment Company Act.

 

(4) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of state law and of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 11. Nothing in this Section 11 shall be deemed to affect any right of a stockholder to request inclusion of a proposal in, or the right of the Corporation to omit a proposal from, the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act.

 

Section 12. VOTING BY BALLOT. Voting on any question or in any election may be viva voce unless the presiding officer shall order or any stockholder shall demand that voting be by ballot.

 

Section 13. CONTROL SHARE ACQUISITION ACT. Notwithstanding any other provision of the charter of the Corporation or these Bylaws, Subtitle 7 of Title 3 of the Maryland General Corporation Law, or any successor statute (the “MGCL”), shall not apply to any acquisition by any person of shares of stock of the Corporation. This section may be repealed, in whole or in part, at any time, whether before or after an acquisition of control shares and, upon such repeal, may, to the extent provided by any successor bylaw, apply to any prior or subsequent control share acquisition.

 

ARTICLE III

 

DIRECTORS

 

Section 1. GENERAL POWERS. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of its Board of Directors.

 

Section 2. NUMBER, TENURE AND RESIGNATION. At any regular meeting or at any special meeting called for that purpose, a majority of the entire Board of Directors may establish, increase or decrease the number of directors, provided that the number thereof shall never be less than one, nor more than nine, and further provided that the tenure of office of a director shall not be affected by any decrease in the number of directors. Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time by delivering his or her resignation to the Board of Directors, the Chair of the Board or the secretary. Any resignation shall take effect immediately upon its receipt or at such later time specified in the resignation. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective unless otherwise stated in the resignation.

 

Section 3. ANNUAL AND REGULAR MEETINGS. An annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders, no notice other than this Bylaw being necessary. In the event such meeting is not so held, the meeting may be held at such time and place as shall be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board of Directors. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held from time to time at such places and times as provided by the Board of Directors by resolution, without notice other than such resolution.

 

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Section 4. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by or at the request of the Chair of the Board, the chief executive officer, the president or by a majority of the directors then in office. The person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the Board of Directors may fix any place as the place for holding any special meeting of the Board of Directors called by them. The Board of Directors may provide, by resolution, the time and place for the holding of special meetings of the Board of Directors without notice other than such resolution.

 

Section 5. NOTICE. Notice of any special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be delivered personally or by telephone, electronic mail, facsimile transmission, United States mail or courier to each director at his or her business or residence address. Notice by personal delivery, telephone, electronic mail or facsimile transmission shall be given at least 24 hours prior to the meeting. Notice by United States mail shall be given at least three days prior to the meeting. Notice by courier shall be given at least two days prior to the meeting. Telephone notice shall be deemed to be given when the director or his or her agent is personally given such notice in a telephone call to which the director or his or her agent is a party. Electronic mail notice shall be deemed to be given upon transmission of the message to the electronic mail address given to the Corporation by the director. Facsimile transmission notice shall be deemed to be given upon completion of the transmission of the message to the number given to the Corporation by the director and receipt of a completed answer-back indicating receipt. Notice by United States mail shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail properly addressed, with postage thereon prepaid. Notice by courier shall be deemed to be given when deposited with or delivered to a courier properly addressed. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any annual, regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors need be stated in the notice, unless specifically required by statute or these Bylaws.

 

Section 6. QUORUM. A majority of the directors shall constitute a quorum for transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, provided that, if less than a majority of such directors is present at such meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice, and provided further that if, pursuant to applicable law, the charter of the Corporation or these Bylaws, the vote of a majority or other percentage of a particular group of directors is required for action, a quorum must also include a majority of such group.

 

The directors present at a meeting which has been duly called and convened may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal from the meeting of enough directors to leave fewer than required to establish a quorum.

 

Section 7. VOTING. The action of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the action of the Board of Directors, unless the concurrence of a greater proportion is required for such action by applicable law, the charter or these Bylaws. If enough directors have withdrawn from a meeting to leave fewer than required to establish a quorum, but the meeting is not adjourned, the action of the majority of that number of directors necessary to constitute a quorum at such meeting shall be the action of the Board of Directors, unless the concurrence of a greater proportion is required for such action by applicable law, the charter of the Corporation or these Bylaws.

 

Section 8. ORGANIZATION. At each meeting of the Board of Directors, the Chair of the Board or, in the absence of the Chair, the Vice Chair of the Board, if any, shall act as Chair. In the absence of both the Chair and Vice Chair of the Board, the chief executive officer, or in the absence of the chief executive officer, the president, or in the absence of the president, a director chosen by a majority of the directors present, shall act as chair of the meeting. The secretary or, in his or her absence, an assistant secretary of the Corporation, or in the absence of the secretary and all assistant secretaries, an individual appointed by the chair of the meeting, shall act as secretary of the meeting.

 

Section 9. TELEPHONE MEETINGS. Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time; provided however, this Section 9 does not apply to any action of the directors pursuant to the Investment Company Act, that requires the vote of the directors to be cast in person at a meeting. Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

 

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Section 10. CONSENT BY DIRECTORS WITHOUT A MEETING. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if a consent to such action is given in writing or by electronic transmission and is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors; provided however, this Section 10 does not apply to any action of the directors pursuant to the Investment Company Act, that requires the vote of the directors to be cast in person at a meeting.

 

Section 11. VACANCIES. If for any reason any or all the directors cease to be directors, such event shall not terminate the Corporation or affect these Bylaws or the powers of the remaining directors hereunder, if any. Pursuant to the Corporation’s election in Article IV of the charter, subject to applicable requirements of the Investment Company Act, except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of any class or series of preferred stock, (a) any vacancy on the Board of Directors may be filled only by a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum and (b) any director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the class in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies.

 

Section 12. COMPENSATION. Directors shall not receive any stated salary for their services as directors but, by resolution of the Board of Directors, may receive compensation per year and/or per meeting and/or per visit to real property or other facilities owned or leased by the Corporation and for any service or activity they perform or engage in as directors. Directors may be reimbursed for expenses of attendance, if any, at each annual, regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof and for their expenses, if any, in connection with each property visit and any other service or activity they perform or engage in as directors; but nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any directors from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

 

Section 13. LOSS OF DEPOSITS. No director shall be liable for any loss which may occur by reason of the failure of the bank, trust company, savings and loan association, or other institution with whom moneys or stock have been deposited.

 

Section 14. SURETY BONDS. Unless required by law, no director shall be obligated to give any bond or surety or other security for the performance of any of his or her duties.

 

Section 15. RELIANCE. Each director and officer of the Corporation shall, in the performance of his or her duties with respect to the Corporation, be entitled to rely on any information, opinion, report or statement, including any financial statement or other financial data, prepared or presented by an officer or employee of the Corporation whom the director or officer reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in the matters presented, by a lawyer, certified public accountant or other person, as to a matter which the director or officer reasonably believes to be within the person’s professional or expert competence, or, with respect to a director, by a committee of the Board of Directors on which the director does not serve, as to a matter within its designated authority, if the director reasonably believes the committee to merit confidence.

 

Section 16. RATIFICATION. The Board of Directors or the stockholders may ratify and make binding on the Corporation any action or inaction by the Corporation or its officers to the extent that the Board of Directors or the stockholders could have originally authorized the matter. Moreover, any action or inaction questioned in any stockholders’ derivative proceeding or any other proceeding on the ground of lack of authority, defective or irregular execution, adverse interest of a director, officer or stockholder, non-disclosure, miscomputation, or the application of improper principles or practices of accounting, may be ratified, before or after judgment, by the Board of Directors or by the stockholders, and if so ratified, shall have the same force and effect as if the action or inaction had been originally duly authorized, and such ratification shall be binding upon the Corporation and its stockholders and shall constitute a bar to any claim or execution of any judgment in respect of such questioned action or inaction.

 

Section 17 . EMERGENCY PROVISIONS. Notwithstanding any other provision in the charter or these Bylaws, this Section 17 shall apply during the existence of any catastrophe, or other similar emergency condition, as a result of which a quorum of the Board of Directors under Article III of these Bylaws cannot readily be obtained (an “Emergency”). During any Emergency, unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, (i) a meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee thereof may be called by any director or officer by any means feasible under the circumstances; (ii) notice of any meeting of the Board of Directors during such an Emergency may be given less than 24 hours prior to the meeting to as many directors and by such means as may be feasible at the time, including publication, television or radio; and (iii) the number of directors necessary to constitute a quorum shall be one-third of the entire Board of Directors.

 

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ARTICLE IV

 

COMMITTEES

 

Section 1. NUMBER, TENURE AND QUALIFICATIONS. The Board of Directors may appoint from among its members an Executive Committee, an Audit Committee, a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, a Compensation Committee and other committees, composed of one or more directors, to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 2. POWERS. The Board of Directors may delegate to committees appointed under Section 1 of this Article any of the powers of the Board of Directors, except as prohibited by law.

 

Section 3. MEETINGS. Notice of committee meetings shall be given in the same manner as notice for special meetings of the Board of Directors. A majority of the members of the committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the committee. The act of a majority of the committee members present at a meeting shall be the act of such committee. The Board of Directors may designate a chair of any committee, and such chair or, in the absence of a chair, any two members of any committee (if there are at least two members of the Committee) may fix the time and place of its meeting unless the Board shall otherwise provide. In the absence of any member of any such committee, the members thereof present at any meeting, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may appoint another director to act in the place of such absent member. Each committee shall keep minutes of its proceedings.

 

Section 4. TELEPHONE MEETINGS. Members of a committee of the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

 

Section 5. CONSENT BY COMMITTEES WITHOUT A MEETING. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of a committee of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if a consent to such action is given in writing or by electronic transmission by each member of the committee and is filed with the minutes of proceedings of such committee.

 

Section 6. VACANCIES. Subject to the provisions hereof, the Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to change the membership of any committee, to fill any vacancy, to designate one or more alternate members to replace any absent or disqualified member or to dissolve any such committee. Subject to the power of the Board of Directors, the members of the committee shall have the power to fill any vacancies on the committee.

 

ARTICLE V

 

OFFICERS

 

Section 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS. The officers of the Corporation shall include a president, a secretary and a treasurer and may include a chief executive officer, one or more vice presidents, a chief operating officer, a chief financial officer, a chief investment officer, a chief compliance officer, one or more assistant secretaries and one or more assistant treasurers. In addition, the Board of Directors may from time to time elect such other officers with such powers and duties as it shall deem necessary or desirable. The Board of Directors may designate a Chair of the Board and a Vice Chair of the Board, neither of whom shall, solely by reason of such designations, be officers of the Corporation but shall have such powers and duties as determined by the Board of Directors from time to time. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors, except that the chief executive officer or president may from time to time appoint one or more vice presidents, assistant secretaries, assistant treasurers or other officers. Each officer shall serve until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until his or her death, or his or her resignation or removal in the manner hereinafter provided. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person. Election of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights between the Corporation and such officer or agent.

 

 11 

 

 

Section 2. REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION. Any officer or agent of the Corporation may be removed, with or without cause, by the Board of Directors if in its judgment the best interests of the Corporation would be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Any officer of the Corporation may resign at any time by delivering his or her resignation to the Board of Directors, the Chair of the Board, the chief executive officer, the president or the secretary. Any resignation shall take effect immediately upon its receipt or at such later time specified in the notice of resignation. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective unless otherwise stated in the resignation. Such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the Corporation.

 

Section 3. VACANCIES. A vacancy in any office may be filled by the Board of Directors for the balance of the term.

 

Section 4. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER. The Board of Directors may designate a chief executive officer. In the absence of such designation, the president shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation. The chief executive officer shall have general responsibility for implementation of the policies of the Corporation, as determined by the Board of Directors, and for the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation. He or she may execute any deed, mortgage, bond, contract or other instrument, except in cases where the execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or shall be required by law to be otherwise executed; and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of chief executive officer and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time.

 

Section 5. CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER. The Board of Directors may designate a chief operating officer. The chief operating officer shall have the responsibilities and duties as determined by the Board of Directors or the chief executive officer.

 

Section 6. CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER. The Board of Directors may designate a chief investment officer. The chief investment officer shall have the responsibilities and duties as determined by the Board of Directors or the chief executive officer.

 

Section 7. CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. The Board of Directors may designate a chief financial officer. The chief financial officer shall have the responsibilities and duties as determined by the Board of Directors or the chief executive officer.

 

Section 8. CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER. The Board of Directors shall designate a chief compliance officer to the extent required by and consistent with the requirements of, the Investment Company Act. The chief compliance officer, subject to the direction of and reporting to the Board of Directors, shall be responsible for the oversight of the Corporation’s compliance with the Federal securities laws. The designation, compensation and removal of the chief compliance officer must be approved by the Board of Directors, including a majority of the directors who are not “interested persons” (as such term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act) of the Corporation. The chief compliance officer shall perform such executive, supervisory and management functions and duties as may be assigned to him or her from time to time.

 

Section 9. PRESIDENT. In the absence of a designation of a chief executive officer by the Board of Directors, the president shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation. He or she may execute any deed, mortgage, bond, contract or other instrument, except in cases where the execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or shall be required by law to be otherwise executed; and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of president and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time.

 

Section 10. VICE PRESIDENTS. In the absence of the president or in the event of a vacancy in such office, the vice president (or in the event there be more than one vice president, the vice presidents in the order designated at the time of their election or, in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their election) shall perform the duties of the president and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the president; and shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to such vice president by the chief executive officer, president or by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may designate one or more vice presidents as executive vice president or as vice president for particular areas of responsibility.

 

 12 

 

 

Section 11. SECRETARY. The secretary shall: (a) keep the minutes of the proceedings of the stockholders, the Board of Directors and committees of the Board of Directors in one or more books provided for that purpose; (b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws or as required by law; (c) be custodian of the corporate records and of the seal of the Corporation; (d) keep a register of the post office address of each stockholder which shall be furnished to the secretary by such stockholder; (e) have general charge of the stock transfer books of the Corporation; and (f) in general perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the chief executive officer, the president or the Board of Directors.

 

Section 12. TREASURER. The treasurer shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation, shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors and in general perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the chief executive officer, the president or the Board of Directors. In the absence of a designation of a chief financial officer by the Board of Directors, the treasurer shall be the chief financial officer of the Corporation.

 

The treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the chief executive officer, president and Board of Directors, at the regular meetings of the Board of Directors or whenever it may so require, an account of all his or her transactions as treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation.

 

Section 13. ASSISTANT SECRETARIES AND ASSISTANT TREASURERS. The assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers, in general, shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them by the secretary or treasurer, respectively, or by the chief executive officer, the president or the Board of Directors.

 

ARTICLE VI

 

CONTRACTS, CHECKS AND DEPOSITS

 

Section 1. CONTRACTS. The Board of Directors may authorize any officer or agent to enter into any contract or to execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Any agreement, deed, mortgage, lease or other document shall be valid and binding upon the Corporation when authorized or ratified by action of the Board of Directors and executed by an authorized person.

 

Section 2. CHECKS AND DRAFTS. All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or agent of the Corporation in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 3. DEPOSITS. All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the Board of Directors may designate.

 

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ARTICLE VII

 

STOCK

 

Section 1. CERTIFICATES; REQUIRED INFORMATION. Except as may be otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, stockholders of the Corporation are not entitled to certificates representing the shares of stock held by them. In the event that the Corporation issues shares of stock represented by certificates, such certificates shall be in such form as prescribed by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized officer, shall contain the statements and information required by the MGCL and shall be signed by the officers of the Corporation in the manner permitted by the MGCL. In the event that the Corporation issues shares of stock without certificates, to the extent then required by the MGCL, the Corporation shall provide to the record holders of such shares a written statement of the information required by the MGCL to be included on stock certificates. There shall be no differences in the rights and obligations of stockholders based on whether or not their shares are represented by certificates. If a class or series of stock is authorized by the Board of Directors to be issued without certificates, no stockholder shall be entitled to a certificate or certificates representing any shares of such class or series of stock held by such stockholder unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors and then only upon written request by such stockholder to the secretary of the Corporation.

 

Section 2. TRANSFERS. All transfers of shares of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation, by the holder of the shares, in person or by his or her attorney, in such manner as the Board of Directors or any officer of the Corporation may prescribe and, if such shares are certificated, upon surrender of certificates duly endorsed. The issuance of a new certificate upon the transfer of certificated shares is subject to the determination of the Board of Directors that such shares shall no longer be represented by certificates. Upon the transfer of any uncertificated shares, to the extent then required by the MGCL, the Corporation shall provide to the record holders of such shares a written statement of the information required by the MGCL to be included on stock certificates.

 

The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share of stock as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise expressly provided by the laws of the State of Maryland.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, transfers of shares of any class or series of stock will be subject in all respects to the charter of the Corporation and all of the terms and conditions contained therein.

 

Section 3. REPLACEMENT CERTIFICATE. Any officer of the Corporation may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, destroyed, stolen or mutilated, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, destroyed, stolen or mutilated; provided, however, if such shares have ceased to be certificated, no new certificate shall be issued unless requested in writing by such stockholder and the Board of Directors has determined that such certificates may be issued. Unless otherwise determined by an officer of the Corporation, the owner of such lost, destroyed, stolen or mutilated certificate or certificates, or his or her legal representative, shall be required, as a condition precedent to the issuance of a new certificate or certificates, to give the Corporation a bond in such sums as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation.

 

Section 4. FIXING OF RECORD DATE. The Board of Directors may set, in advance, a record date for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or determining stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment of any other rights, or in order to make a determination of stockholders for any other proper purpose. Such date, in any case, shall not be prior to the close of business on the day the record date is fixed and shall be not more than 90 days and, in the case of a meeting of stockholders, not less than ten days, before the date on which the meeting or particular action requiring such determination of stockholders of record is to be held or taken.

 

When a record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting of stockholders has been set as provided in this section, such record date shall continue to apply to the meeting if adjourned or postponed, except if the meeting is adjourned or postponed to a date more than 120 days after the record date originally fixed for the meeting, in which case a new record date for such meeting may be determined as set forth herein.

 

 14 

 

 

Section 5. STOCK LEDGER. The Corporation shall maintain at its principal office or at the office of its counsel, accountants or transfer agent, an original or duplicate stock ledger containing the name and address of each stockholder and the number of shares of each class held by such stockholder.

 

Section 6. FRACTIONAL STOCK; ISSUANCE OF UNITS. The Board of Directors may authorize the Corporation to issue fractional stock or authorize the issuance of scrip, all on such terms and under such conditions as it may determine. Notwithstanding any other provision of the charter or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may issue units consisting of different securities of the Corporation. Any security issued in a unit shall have the same characteristics as any identical securities issued by the Corporation, except that the Board of Directors may provide that for a specified period securities of the Corporation issued in such unit may be transferred on the books of the Corporation only in such unit.

 

ARTICLE VIII

 

ACCOUNTING YEAR

 

The Board of Directors shall have the power, from time to time, to fix the fiscal year of the Corporation by a duly adopted resolution.

 

ARTICLE IX

 

DISTRIBUTIONS

 

Section 1. AUTHORIZATION. Dividends and other distributions upon the stock of the Corporation may be authorized by the Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of law and the charter of the Corporation. Dividends and other distributions may be paid in cash, property or stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of law and the charter.

 

Section 2. CONTINGENCIES. Before payment of any dividends or other distributions, there may be set aside out of any assets of the Corporation available for dividends or other distributions such sum or sums as the Board of Directors may from time to time, in its absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve fund for contingencies, for equalizing dividends, for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall determine, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.

  

ARTICLE X

 

SEAL

 

Section 1. SEAL. The Board of Directors may authorize the adoption of a seal by the Corporation. The seal shall contain the name of the Corporation and the year of its incorporation and the words “Incorporated Maryland.” The Board of Directors may authorize one or more duplicate seals and provide for the custody thereof.

 

Section 2. AFFIXING SEAL. Whenever the Corporation is permitted or required to affix its seal to a document, it shall be sufficient to meet the requirements of any law, rule or regulation relating to a seal to place the word “(SEAL)” adjacent to the signature of the person authorized to execute the document on behalf of the Corporation.

 

 15 

 

 

ARTICLE XI

 

INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCE OF EXPENSES

 

To the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and the Investment Company Act in effect from time to time, the Corporation shall indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, shall pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (a) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Corporation and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity or (b) any individual who, while a director or officer of the Corporation and at the request of the Corporation, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, trustee, member or manager of another corporation, real estate investment trust, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The rights to indemnification and advance of expenses provided by the charter of the Corporation and these Bylaws shall vest immediately upon election of a director or officer. The Corporation may, with the approval of its Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof, provide such indemnification and advance for expenses to an individual who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described in (a) or (b) above and to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the Corporation. The indemnification and payment or reimbursement of expenses provided in these Bylaws shall not be deemed exclusive of or limit in any way other rights to which any person seeking indemnification or payment or reimbursement of expenses may be or may become entitled under any bylaw, resolution, insurance, agreement or otherwise.

 

Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Article, nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of the charter of the Corporation or these Bylaws inconsistent with this Article, shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding paragraph with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.

 

No provision of this Article XI shall be effective to protect or purport to protect any director or officer of the Corporation against liability to the Corporation or its stockholders to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.

 

ARTICLE XII

 

WAIVER OF NOTICE

 

Whenever any notice is required to be given pursuant to the charter of the Corporation or these Bylaws or pursuant to applicable law, a waiver thereof in writing or by electronic transmission, given by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any meeting need be set forth in the waiver of notice of such meeting, unless specifically required by statute. The attendance of any person at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where such person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting has not been lawfully called or convened.

 

ARTICLE XIII

 

INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT

 

If and to the extent that any provision of the MGCL, including, without limitation, Subtitle 6 and, if then applicable, Subtitle 7, of Title 3 of the MGCL, or any provision of the charter or these Bylaws conflicts with any provision of the Investment Company Act, the applicable provision of the Investment Company Act shall control.

 

ARTICLE XIV

 

EXCLUSIVE FORUM

 

Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of a different forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland (the "Circuit Court"), or, if the Circuit Court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division, shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (b) any action asserting an internal corporate claim (as defined in the MGCL) or (c) any other action asserting a claim against the Corporation or any director or officer or other employee of the Corporation that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Any stockholder (or beneficial owner of stock) who is a party to any action or proceeding governed by this Article shall be deemed to have consented to the jurisdiction of the foregoing courts solely for the purpose of adjudicating any action or proceeding governed by this Article. With respect to an action or proceeding in the Circuit Court governed by this Article, the Corporation and the stockholders (or beneficial owners of stock) shall be deemed to have consented to the assignment of the action or proceeding to the Business and Technology Case Management Program for the State of Maryland (or any successor program governing complex corporate proceedings).

 

ARTICLE XV

 

AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS

 

The Board of Directors shall have the exclusive power, at any time, to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of these Bylaws and to make new Bylaws.

 

 16 

EX-10.3 4 f1012g2018a1ex10-3_pharos.htm DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN

Exhibit 10.3

 

DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN

OF

PHAROS CAPITAL BDC, INC.

 

Effective as of February 20, 2018

 

Pharos Capital BDC, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company), hereby adopts the following plan (the “Plan) with respect to cash dividend distributions declared by its Board of Directors the Company’s common shares, par value $0.01 per share (“Shares”).

 

1. Unless a stockholder specifically elects to have any portion of its cash dividend distributions reinvested by the Company in the Shares pursuant to paragraph 3 below, all cash dividend distributions hereafter declared by the Company’s Board of Directors shall be paid in cash to each stockholder, and no action shall be required on such stockholder’s part to receive such cash.

 

2. Such cash dividend distributions shall be payable on such date or dates (each, a “Payment Date”) as may be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors to stockholders of record at the close of business on the record date(s) established by the Board of Directors for the cash dividend distribution involved.

 

3. Prior to the initial public offering of the Shares, the Company intends to use primarily newly issued shares to implement the Plan. The number of Shares to be issued to a stockholder that has elected to have its cash dividend distributions reinvested in accordance with this paragraph 3 (each, a “Participant”) shall be determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the distribution payable to such Participant by the net asset value per share as of the last day of the Company’s fiscal quarter immediately preceding the date such distribution was declared (the “Reference NAV”); provided that in the event a distribution is declared on the last day of a fiscal quarter, the Reference NAV shall be deemed to be the net asset value per share as of such day; provided further that the number of Shares to be issued to a Participant pursuant to the foregoing may include fractional Shares. To exercise the option of having its cash dividend distributions reinvested, such stockholder shall notify the Company and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (referred to as the Plan Administrator”), in writing (using the form of notice set forth as an appendix to the Subscription Agreement signed by such stockholder or any other form of notice as distributed to such stockholder by the Company) so that such notice is received by the Plan Administrator no later than ten (10) days prior to the record date fixed by the Board of Directors for the first distribution such stockholder wishes to have its cash dividend distribution reinvested. Such election shall remain in effect until the stockholder shall notify the Plan Administrator in writing of such stockholder’s desire to change its election, which notice shall be delivered to the Plan Administrator no later than so that such notice is received by the Plan Administrator no later than ten (10) days prior to the record date fixed by the Board of Directors for the first distribution such stockholder wishes to change its election.

 

4. Shares issued pursuant to the Plan in connection with any cash dividend shall be issued to each Participant (i) in the event that the applicable Reference NAV has been approved by the Company’s Board of Directors (or a committee thereof) prior to the Payment Date of such cash dividend, on the Payment Date or (ii) otherwise, promptly upon the date such approval has been provided by the Company’s Board of Directors. All Shares issued pursuant to the Plan shall be issued in non-certificated form and shall be credited to such Participant on the books and records of the Company. Cash payable to a Participant in lieu of fractional Shares pursuant to paragraph 3 shall be paid contemporaneously with the issuance of such Shares in connection with such cash dividend.

 

5. The Plan Administrator will confirm to each Participant each issuance of Shares made to such Participant pursuant to the Plan as soon as practicable following the date of such issuance.

 

6. The Plan Administrator’s service fee, if any, and expenses for administering the Plan will be paid for by the Company. There will be no brokerage charges or other charges to stockholders who participate in the Plan.

 

7. The Plan may be terminated by the Company upon notice in writing mailed to each Participant at least 30 days prior to the effectiveness of such termination.

 

8. These terms and conditions may be amended or supplemented by the Company at any time. Any such amendment or supplement may include an appointment by the Plan Administrator in its place and stead of a successor agent under the terms and conditions agreed upon by the Company, with full power and authority to perform all or any of the acts to be performed by the Plan Administrator as agreed to by the Company.

 

9. The Plan Administrator will at all times act in good faith and use its best efforts within reasonable limits to ensure its full and timely performance of all services to be performed by it under this Plan and to comply with applicable law, but assumes no responsibility and shall not be liable for loss or damage due to errors.

 

10. These terms and conditions shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware without regard to the conflicts of law principles thereof, to the extent such principles would require or permit the application of the laws of another jurisdiction.

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