UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission File Number: 001-40344

Akoya Biosciences, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		47-5586242
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

100 Campus Drive, 6th Floor Marlborough, Massachusetts		01752
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(855) 896-8401

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share	AKYA	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of the registrant’s common shares outstanding at April 30, 2024: 49,386,247

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AKOYA BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
		(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13,039	$	83,125
Marketable securities		48,536		—
Accounts receivable, net		13,473		16,994
Inventories, net		22,988		17,877
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,793		3,794
Total current assets		101,829		121,790
Property and equipment, net		8,964		10,729
Restricted cash		700		699
Demo inventory, net		726		893
Intangible assets, net		16,699		17,412
Goodwill		18,262		18,262
Operating lease right of use assets, net		5,568		8,365
Financing lease right of use assets, net		1,348		1,562
Other assets		654		657
Total assets	$	154,750	$	180,369
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	10,747	$	11,776
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		12,462		13,433
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		2,654		2,681
Current portion of financing lease liabilities		718		767
Deferred revenue		6,612		6,688
Total current liabilities		33,193		35,345
Deferred revenue, net of current portion		2,928		3,193
Long-term debt, net of debt discount		75,469		75,254
Deferred tax liability, net		75		38
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		5,713		6,238
Financing lease liabilities, net of current portion		634		766
Contingent consideration liability, net of current portion		4,015		5,765
Total liabilities		122,027		126,599
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		—		—
Common Stock, $0.00001 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 49,340,417 and 49,117,738 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		2		2
Additional paid in capital		286,292		283,839
Accumulated deficit		(253,555)		(230,071)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(16)		—
Total stockholders’ equity		32,723		53,770
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	154,750	$	180,369

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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AKOYA BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)

(in thousands except share & per share data)


	Three months ended
	March 31,		March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	12,140	$	15,524
Service and other revenue		6,210		5,886
Total revenue		18,350		21,410
Cost of goods sold:
Cost of product revenue		6,723		5,751
Cost of service and other revenue		3,248		3,366
Total cost of goods sold		9,971		9,117
Gross profit		8,379		12,293
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		19,863		23,124
Research and development		5,554		6,378
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		179		227
Impairment		2,971		—
Restructuring		1,397		—
Total operating expenses		29,964		29,729
Loss from operations		(21,585)		(17,436)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense		(2,612)		(2,054)
Interest income		937		765
Other expense, net		(161)		(48)
Loss before provision for income taxes		(23,421)		(18,773)
Provision for income taxes		(63)		(29)
Net loss	$	(23,484)	$	(18,802)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.48)	$	(0.49)
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		49,188,170		38,326,024

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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AKOYA BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)


									Accumulated
					Additional				other		Total
	Common Stock				Paid in		Accumulated		comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit		loss		Equity
Balance at December 31, 2023	49,117,738	$	2	$	283,839	$	(230,071)	$	—	$	53,770
Exercise of stock options	65,482		—		36		—		—		36
Vesting of restricted stock units	157,197		—		(149)		—		—		(149)
Net loss	—		—		—		(23,484)		—		(23,484)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		—		(16)		(16)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		2,566		—		—		2,566
Balance at March 31, 2024	49,340,417	$	2	$	286,292	$	(253,555)	$	(16)	$	32,723


									Accumulated
					Additional				other		Total
	Common Stock				Paid in		Accumulated		comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit		income (loss)		Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022	38,288,188	$	2	$	225,333	$	(166,748)	$	(6)	$	58,581
Exercise of stock options	88,756		—		58		—		—		58
Vesting of restricted stock units	22,127		—		(94)		—		—		(94)
Net loss	—		—		—		(18,802)		—		(18,802)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		6		6
Stock-based compensation	—		—		2,375		—		—		2,375
Balance at March 31, 2023	38,399,071	$	2	$	227,672	$	(185,550)	$	—	$	42,124

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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AKOYA BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Three months ended
	March 31,		March 31,
	2024		2023
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(23,484)	$	(18,802)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		2,051		2,121
Non-cash interest expense		215		178
Stock-based compensation expense		2,566		2,375
Deferred taxes		37		—
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		179		227
Credit losses on accounts receivable		375		—
Net accretion of marketable securities		(545)		(5)
Operating lease right of use assets		728		598
Provision for excess and obsolete inventories		2,298		—
Impairment		2,971		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		3,146		(3,214)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		4		2,517
Inventories, net		(7,310)		(137)
Accounts payable		(1,029)		(1,945)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(2,133)		(3,941)
Operating lease liabilities		(552)		(539)
Deferred revenue		(341)		809
Net cash used in operating activities		(20,824)		(19,758)
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(810)		(804)
Purchases of marketable securities		(48,007)		—
Maturities of marketable securities		—		7,000
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(48,817)		6,196
Financing activities
Proceeds from stock option exercises		36		58
Settlement of restricted stock units for tax withholding obligations		(149)		(94)
Principal payments on financing leases		(181)		(148)
Payments of debt issuance costs		—		(33)
Payments of deferred offering costs		(150)		(202)
Net cash used in financing activities		(444)		(419)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(70,085)		(13,981)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period		83,824		74,532
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	13,739	$	60,551
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	2,243	$	1,793
Cash paid for income taxes	$	—	$	—
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash activities
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	84	$	529

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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AKOYA BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(1) The company and basis of presentation

Description of business

Akoya Biosciences, Inc. (“Akoya” or the “Company”) is a life sciences technology company, founded on November 13, 2015 as a Delaware corporation with operations based in Marlborough, Massachusetts, delivering spatial biology solutions focused on transforming discovery, clinical research and diagnostics. Spatial biology refers to a rapidly evolving technology that enables academic and biopharma scientists to detect and map the distribution of cell types and biomarkers across whole tissue samples at single-cell resolution, enabling advancements in their understanding of disease progression and patient response to therapy. Through Akoya’s PhenoCycler (formerly CODEX) and PhenoImager (formerly Phenoptics) platforms, reagents, software and services, the Company offers end-to-end solutions to perform tissue analysis and spatial phenotyping across the full continuum from discovery through translational and clinical research and diagnostics.

On September 28, 2018, the Company acquired the commercial Quantitative Pathology Solutions (“QPS”) division of Perkin Elmer, Inc. (“PKI”), subsequently known as Revvity, Inc. (“Revvity”), for multiplex immunofluorescence, with the aim of providing consumers with a full suite of end-to-end solutions for high parameter tissue analysis. The QPS technology offers pathology solutions for cancer immunology and immunotherapy research, including advanced multiplex immunochemistry staining kits, multispectral imaging and whole side scanning instruments, and image analysis software. The Company’s combined portfolio of complementary technologies aims to fuel groundbreaking advancements in cancer immunology, immunotherapy, neurology and a wide range of other applications. The Company sells into three main regions across the world: North America, Asia-Pacific (“APAC”), and Europe-Middle East-Africa (“EMEA”).

Principles of consolidation

The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative United States generally accepted accounting principles as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Akoya Biosciences UK Ltd. (“Akoya UK”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unaudited interim financial information

The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024, the consolidated statements of operations, the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity, and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are unaudited. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2024, the results of its operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The financial data and other information disclosed in these notes related to the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are also unaudited. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024, any other interim periods, or any future year or period. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year

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to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.

The Company evaluates all promised goods and services within a customer contract and determines which of those are separate performance obligations. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether the good or service is capable of being distinct and whether the good or service is separable from other promises in the contract. Promised goods or services are considered distinct when (i) the customer can benefit from the good or service on its own or together with other readily available resources and (ii) the promised good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.

Most of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations (i.e., sale of an instrument and warranty services). For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct (i.e. capable of being distinct and separable from other promises in the contract). The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Excluded from the transaction price are sales tax and other similar taxes which are presented on a net basis.

In order to determine the stand-alone selling price, the Company conducts a periodic analysis to determine whether various goods or services have an observable stand-alone selling price as well as to identify significant changes to current stand-alone selling prices. If the Company does not have an observable stand-alone selling price for a particular good or service, then the stand-alone selling price for that particular good or service is estimated using an approach that maximizes the use of observable inputs. The Company’s process for determining stand-alone selling price requires judgment and considers multiple factors that are reasonably available and maximizes the use of observable inputs that may vary over time depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each performance obligation. The Company believes that this method results in an estimate that represents the price the Company would charge for the product offerings if they were sold separately.

Taxes, such as sales, value-added and other taxes, collected from customers concurrent with revenue generating activities and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales.

Product Revenue

Product revenue is generated by the sale of instruments and consumable reagents predominantly through the Company’s direct sales force in the United States and in geographic regions outside the United States. The Company generally does not offer product return or exchange rights (other than those relating to defective goods under warranty) or price protection allowances to its customers. When an instrument is purchased by a customer, the Company recognizes revenue when the related performance obligation is satisfied (i.e. when the control of an instrument has passed to the customer). Revenue from the sale of consumables is recognized upon shipment to the customer. The Company’s perpetual software licenses generally have significant stand-alone functionality to the customer upon delivery and are considered to be functional intellectual property. The Company’s perpetual software licenses are considered distinct performance obligations, and revenue allocated to the software license is typically recognized upon provision of the license/software code to the customer (i.e., when the software is available for access and download by the customer).

Service and Other Revenue

Product sales of instruments include a service-based warranty typically for one year following the installation of the purchased instrument, with an extended warranty for an additional year sold in many cases. These are separate performance obligations as they are service-based warranties and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the service delivery period. After completion of the service period, customers have an option to renew or extend the warranty services, typically for additional one-year periods in exchange for additional consideration. The extended warranties are also service-based warranties that represent separate purchasing decisions. The Company recognizes revenue allocated to the extended warranty performance obligation on a straight-line basis over the service delivery period. Revenue from

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separately charged installation services is recognized upon completion of the installation process. Additionally, the Company provides laboratory services, in which revenue is recognized as services are performed. For laboratory services, the Company generally uses the output method to measure the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. For companion diagnostic development, the Company generally uses the cost-to-cost approach to measure the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation because the Company believes it best depicts the transfer of assets to the customer. Under the output method, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the value of the services transferred to date relative to the remaining services promised under the contract. Under the cost-to-cost measure approach, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. The Company records shipping and handling billed to customers as service and other revenue and the related costs in cost of service and other revenue in the consolidated statements of operations.

In June 2022, the Company entered into a Companion Diagnostic Agreement with Acrivon Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Acrivon Agreement”) to co-develop, validate, and commercialize Acrivon’s OncoSignature® test. On December 4, 2023, the Company amended the Acrivon Agreement, which expanded the scope of work and increased total development milestone payments to an aggregate of $17,250. Such amendment was accounted for as a modification to the existing contract. The Company is entitled to be paid through an upfront payment and at the achievement of certain developmental, commercial, and FDA milestones during the development, that could aggregate to $17,850. A portion of these payments have been received from June 2022 through March 31, 2024.

The Acrivon Agreement is in the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company concluded that the Acrivon Agreement contains one performance obligation for certain development services, since the underlying elements are inputs to a single development service and are not distinct within the context of the contract. Additional development services in the Acrivon Agreement were deemed to be an option, due to certain contingencies with significant uncertainty. The Company will recognize revenue over time for the transaction price in an amount proportional to the expenses incurred and the total estimated expenses to satisfy its performance obligation.

The costs incurred by the Company under this arrangement are included as research and development expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as these costs are related to the development of new services and technology to be owned and offered by the Company.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by type of products, and between instrument warranty and service and other revenue, as it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by major source:


	Three months ended
	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Revenue
Product revenue
Instruments	$	4,869	$	9,607
Consumables		7,001		5,712
Standalone software products		270		205
Total product revenue	$	12,140	$	15,524
Service and other revenue
Service and other revenue	$	3,383	$	3,552
Instrument warranty		2,827		2,334
Total service and other revenue	$	6,210	$	5,886
Total revenue	$	18,350	$	21,410

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The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options. The use of the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock consistent with the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yields of the common stock. The expected term was determined according to the simplified method, which is the average of the vesting tranche dates and the contractual term. Due to the lack of company-specific historical and implied volatility, the Company bases its estimate of expected volatility on the historical volatility of a group of similar companies that are publicly traded, in combination with the Company’s historical volatility. For these analyses, companies with comparable characteristics are selected, including enterprise value and position within the industry, and with historical price information sufficient to meet the expected life of the stock-based awards. The Company computes the historical volatility data using the daily closing prices for the Company’s and the selected companies’ shares during the equivalent period of the calculated expected term of its stock-based awards. The Company will continue to apply this process until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding volatility of its own stock price becomes available. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with remaining maturities similar to the expected term of the options. The Company has not paid, and does not anticipate paying, cash dividends on shares of common stock; therefore, the expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero.

For restricted stock units (“RSUs”) issued under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans, the fair value of each grant is calculated based on the Company’s stock price on the date of grant.

The Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur; any compensation cost previously recognized for an award that is forfeited because of a failure to satisfy a service or performance condition will be reversed in the period of the forfeiture.

Refer to Note 11 for further details on the Company’s stock-based compensation plans.

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

Basic and diluted net loss per common share outstanding is determined by dividing net loss by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculations, stock options, and unvested restricted stock units, are considered to be potentially dilutive securities, but are excluded from the diluted net loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive and therefore basic and diluted net loss per share were the same for all periods presented.

Comprehensive income (loss)

Components of comprehensive income (loss), including net loss, are reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Other comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Net loss and other comprehensive income (loss) are reported net of any related tax effect to arrive at comprehensive income (loss). Comprehensive income (loss) includes net loss as well as other changes in stockholders’ equity that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders which for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 consist of unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities.

Marketable securities

Marketable securities represent holdings of available-for-sale marketable debt securities in accordance with the Company’s investment policy. Short-term marketable securities mature within one year from the balance sheet date while long-term marketable securities mature after one year. Investments in marketable securities are recorded at fair value, with any unrealized gains and losses reported within accumulated other comprehensive income as a separate component of stockholders’ equity until realized or until a determination is made that an other-than-temporary decline in market value has occurred. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization and accretion are reflected as a component of interest income. Interest on

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securities sold is determined based on the specific identification method and reflected as interest income. Any realized gains or losses on the sale of investment are reflected as realized (loss) gain on investments.

Recent accounting standards

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. The Company is considered to be an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (Jobs Act). The Jobs Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company has elected to avail itself of this extended transition period and, as a result, the Company will not be required to adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies.

Recently issued but not yet adopted accounting standards

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvement to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This update enhances reportable segment disclosure requirements by requiring public entities to provide disclosures of significant segment expenses and other segment items, as well as disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually in interim periods. The new standard will be effective for the Company’s annual financial statements for the period beginning on January 1, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This update enhances income tax disclosure requirements by requiring public entities to provide additional information in its tax rate reconciliation and additional disclosures about income taxes paid. The update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance and the amendments in this update should be applied prospectively, but entities have the option to apply it retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

(3) Significant risks and uncertainties including business and credit concentrations

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, marketable securities, and receivables. The Company’s cash equivalents are held by large, credit worthy financial institutions. Marketable securities consist of short-term investments. The Company has established guidelines relative to credit ratings, diversification and maturities that seek to maintain safety and liquidity. Deposits in these banks generally exceed federally insured limits. To date, the Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.

The Company controls credit risk through credit approvals, credit limits, and monitoring procedures. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral. Accounts receivable are recorded net of an allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is developed using historical collection experience, current and future economic and market conditions, and a review of the status of customers’ accounts receivable. The Company had an allowance for credit losses of $420 and $45 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue. As of March 31, 2024, one customer accounted for 16% of accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2023, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable.

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(4) Fair value of financial instruments

The Company measures the following financial liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during any of the periods presented.

The following tables set forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value categorized using the lowest level of input applicable to each financial instrument as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
	Balance at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	March 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	2024		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	11,528	$	10,141	$	1,387	$	—
U.S Treasury securities		29,776		—		29,776		—
Corporate bonds		6,908		—		6,908		—
U.S. Government agency bonds		4,996		—		4,996		—
Commercial paper		3,410		—		3,410		—
Yankee bonds		3,446		—		3,446		—
Total Assets	$	60,064	$	10,141	$	49,923	$	—

Liabilities:
Contingent consideration – Short term portion	$	3,839	$	—	$	—	$	3,839
Contingent consideration – Long term portion		4,015		—		—		4,015
Total Liabilities	$	7,854	$	—	$	—	$	7,854


			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
	Balance at		Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	December 31,		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	2023		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	76,844	$	76,844	$	—	$	—
Total Assets	$	76,844	$	76,844	$	—	$	—

Liabilities:
Contingent consideration – Short term portion	$	1,911	$	—	$	—	$	1,911
Contingent consideration – Long term portion		5,765		—		—		5,765
Total Liabilities	$	7,676	$	—	$	—	$	7,676

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The following is a summary of cash equivalents and marketable securities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2024
			Gross		Gross
			Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Cash equivalents	$	11,528	$	—	$	—	$	11,528
Marketable securities (due in one year or less):
U.S Treasury securities		29,780		—		(4)		29,776
Corporate bonds		6,911		—		(3)		6,908
U.S. Government agency bonds		5,000		—		(4)		4,996
Commercial paper		3,413		—		(3)		3,410
Yankee bonds		3,448		—		(2)		3,446
Total marketable securities		48,552		—		(16)		48,536
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	60,080	$	—	$	(16)	$	60,064


	December 31, 2023
			Gross		Gross
			Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Cash equivalents	$	76,844	$	—	$	—	$	76,844
Total cash equivalents	$	76,844	$	—	$	—	$	76,844

The Company held ten debt securities at March 31, 2024 classified as marketable securities with original maturity dates greater than three months that were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months. The fair market value of these securities was $48,536. The Company evaluated its securities for other-than-temporary impairments based on quantitative and qualitative factors. The Company considered the decline in market value for these securities to be primarily attributable to current economic and market conditions. It is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell these securities, and the Company does not intend to sell these securities before the recovery of their amortized cost basis. Based on its analysis, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2024.

The Company had no material realized gains or losses on its available-for-sale securities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company’s recurring fair value measurements using Level 3 inputs relate to the Company’s contingent consideration liability. In those circumstances where an acquisition involves a contingent consideration arrangement, the Company recognizes a liability equal to the fair value of the contingent payments the Company expects to make as of the acquisition date. The Company re-measures this liability each reporting period and records changes in the fair value through changes in fair value of contingent consideration on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Increases or decreases in the fair value of the contingent consideration liability can result from changes in discount rates, periods, timing and amount of projected revenue.

The recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of the Company’s contingent consideration liability include the following significant unobservable inputs:


	Fair Value
	as of
	March 31,		Valuation	Unobservable
Contingent Consideration Liability	2024		Technique	Inputs
Revenue-based Payments	$	7,854	Discounted Cash Flow Analysis under the Income Approach	Revenue discount factor, discount rate

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(5) Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment consists of the following:


	Estimated Useful	March 31,		December 31,
	Life (Years)	2024		2023
Furniture and fixtures	7	$	317	$	474
Computers, laptop and peripherals	5		5,173		5,173
Laboratory equipment	5		7,470		8,869
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of the lease life or 7		5,139		5,876
Total property and equipment			18,099		20,392
Less: Accumulated depreciation			(9,135)		(9,663)
Property and equipment, net		$	8,964	$	10,729

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded $902 in impairment related to leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures, and laboratory equipment associated with its exit of office and laboratory space in Menlo Park, California. Please refer to Note 18 – Leases for further discussion. There was no impairment related to property and equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Depreciation expense relating to property and equipment charged to operations was $716 and $698 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense relating to property and equipment charged to cost of sales was $156 and $79 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Demo inventory consists of the following:


	Estimated	March 31,		December 31,
	Life (Years)	2024		2023
Demo inventory – gross	3	$	4,164	$	4,284
Less: Accumulated depreciation			(3,438)		(3,391)
Demo inventory, net		$	726	$	893

Depreciation expense relating to demo equipment charged to operations was $252 and $326 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(6) Allowance for credit losses

The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through sales of products and services. The Company’s expected loss allowance methodology for accounts receivable is developed using historical collection experience, current and future economic and market conditions, and a review of the current status of customers’ trade accounts receivable. Due to the short-term nature of such receivables, the estimated accounts receivable that may not be collected is based on aging of the accounts receivable balances.

The Company evaluates contract terms and conditions, country, and political risk, and may require prepayment to mitigate risk of loss. Specific allowance amounts are established to record the appropriate provision for customers that have a higher probability of default. The Company monitors changes to the receivables balance on a timely basis, and balances are written off as they are determined to be uncollectable after all collection efforts have been exhausted.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s accounts receivable balance was $13,473, net of $420 of allowance for credit losses. The following table provides a roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March

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31, 2024 that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of accounts receivable to present the net amount expected to be collected.


Balance at January 1, 2024	$	45
Change in provision		375
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	420

(7) Intangible assets

Intangible assets as of March 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:


				Accumulated			Useful Life
	Cost			Amortization		Net	(in years)
Customer relationships	$	11,800	$	(4,331)	$	7,469	15
Developed technology		8,300		(3,808)		4,492	12
Licenses		213		(184)		29	15
Trade names and trademarks		6,300		(3,585)		2,715	12
Capitalized software		3,377		(1,383)		1,994	5
Total intangible assets	$	29,990	$	(13,291)	$	16,699

Intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:


				Accumulated			Useful Life
	Cost			Amortization		Net	(in years)
Customer relationships	$	11,800	$	(4,134)	$	7,666	15
Developed technology		8,300		(3,635)		4,665	12
Licenses		213		(183)		30	15
Trade names and trademarks		6,300		(3,378)		2,922	12
Capitalized software		3,377		(1,248)		2,129	5
Total intangible assets	$	29,990	$	(12,578)	$	17,412

Total amortization expense was $713 and $817 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024 the amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets in future periods is expected to be as follows:


2024 remaining	$	2,141
2025		2,853
2026		2,823
2027		1,955
2028		1,762
Thereafter		5,165
Total	$	16,699

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(8) Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:


	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Payroll and compensation	$	4,112	$	7,074
Current portion of contingent consideration		3,839		1,911
Inventory purchases		458		609
Customer deposits		1,479		1,096
Accrued interest		791		711
Other accrued expenses		1,783		2,032
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	12,462	$	13,433

(9) Debt

Term Loan Agreements

In October 2020, the Company entered into a debt financing arrangement with Midcap Financial Trust (the “Midcap Trust Term Loan”), for a $37,500 credit facility, consisting of a senior, secured term loan. The Company received $32,500 in aggregate proceeds as a result of the debt financing.

The Midcap Trust Term Loan initially provided for an interest only term for 36 months followed by 24 months of straight-line amortization. Interest on the outstanding balance of the Midcap Trust Term Loan was originally to be payable monthly in arrears at an annual rate of one-month LIBOR plus 6.35%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.50%. Under the original terms of the loan, at the time of final payment, the Company would be required to pay Midcap Financial Trust a final payment fee of 5.00% of the amount borrowed under the Midcap Trust Term Loan. Additionally, the original terms of the Midcap Trust Term Loan provided that if the loan was prepaid prior to the end of the term, the Company would be required to pay to Midcap Financial Trust a fee as compensation for the costs of being prepared to make funds available in an amount determined by multiplying the amount being prepaid by (i) three percent (3.00%) in the first year, two percent, (2.00%) in the second year and one percent (1.00%) in the third year and thereafter.

On March 21, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Midcap Trust Term Loan, which amended certain provisions to permit certain additional debt and capital leases.

On June 1, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 (“Amendment No. 2”) to the Midcap Trust Term Loan, which permitted the draw of a second tranche of $10,000, and a third tranche of $10,000, which were drawn on June 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022, respectively. The amendment also delayed the amortization start dates for the outstanding loan amounts from November 1, 2023 until April 1, 2025, at which point the Company would be required to repay the principal amounts in seven equal monthly installments until the maturity date. Finally, Amendment No. 2 amended the interest rate payable on the term loan to apply an interest rate equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) rate (with a floor of 1.61448%) plus 6.35%. Substantially all other terms and conditions, and covenants of the credit agreement remained unchanged. In connection with Amendment No. 2, the Company agreed to pay a $75 commitment fee as well as a 0.25% fee upon the funding of each of the second tranche and third tranche amounts. The Company accounted for Amendment No. 2 as a modification pursuant to ASC 470-50.

On November 7, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 (“Amendment No. 3”) to the Midcap Trust Term Loan, which permits the draw of two additional tranches, each totaling $11,250, which were drawn on November 7, 2022, and December 22, 2023, respectively. Amendment No. 3 also delays the amortization start dates for the outstanding loan amounts from April 1, 2025 until December 1, 2025 (subject to further extension upon certain conditions), at which point the Company will repay the principal amounts in equal monthly installments until the new maturity date of November 1, 2027, which was extended pursuant to Amendment No. 3. In addition, Amendment No. 3 amends the interest rate payable on the term loan to apply an interest rate equal to the SOFR rate (with a floor of 2.50%) plus 6.80%, and resets the call protection to begin as of November 7, 2025. Finally, Amendment No. 3 provides for a

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commitment fee of $74 that was paid on November 7, 2022 on the new tranche amounts and an exit fee of 4.75%. As part of Amendment No. 3, the Company paid $779 for the accrued amount of the final payment fee. Substantially all other terms and conditions, and covenants of the credit agreement remain unchanged. The Company accounted for Amendment No. 3 as a modification pursuant to ASC 470-50.

The interest rate was 12.24% at March 31, 2024. A final payment fee of $3,563 is due upon the earlier to occur of the maturity date or prepayment of such borrowings. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $186 and $150, respectively, related to the amortization of the final payment fee associated with the Midcap Trust Term Loan.

Debt consists of the following:


	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Midcap Trust Term Loan	$	75,000	$	75,000
Unamortized debt discount		(419)		(448)
Accretion of final fee		888		702
Total long-term debt, net	$	75,469	$	75,254

As of March 31, 2024, future principal payments due under the Midcap Trust Term Loan, excluding the $3,563 final payment fee, are as follows:


	Midcap Trust
Year ended:	Term Loan
December 31, 2024	$	—
December 31, 2025		3,125
December 31, 2026		37,500
December 31, 2027		34,375
Total minimum principal payments	$	75,000

(10) Stockholder’s equity

The Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes it to issue 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.00001 per share. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote. The holders of common stock are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the Board, subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, a total of 49,340,417 and 49,117,738 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding, respectively, and 11,157,498 and 8,924,291 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance upon the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock, respectively, including 2,831,674 and 1,823,265, respectively, of shares available for issuance under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan.

On November 7, 2022, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”) with Piper Sandler & Co. (“Piper Sandler”) with respect to an at-the-market offering program under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Common Stock”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000 (the “Placement Shares”) through Piper Sandler as its sales agent. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Equity Distribution Agreement, Piper Sandler may sell the shares by methods deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), including sales made through The Nasdaq Global Select Market, on any other existing trading market for the Common Stock, to or through a market maker, or, if expressly authorized by the Company, in privately negotiated transactions. The Company or Piper Sandler may terminate the Equity Distribution Agreement upon notice to the other party and subject to other conditions. The Company will pay Piper Sandler a commission equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds of any Common Stock sold through Piper Sandler under the Equity Distribution Agreement and has provided Piper Sandler with customary indemnification rights. As of March 31, 2024, we have not sold any shares of common stock under the ATM program.

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Issuance costs incurred related to the Equity Distribution Agreement are classified as long-term assets on the balance sheet at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

On June 7, 2023, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Piper Sandler (collectively, the “Underwriters”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell up to 10,005,000 shares of common stock (the “Shares”), which included 1,305,000 shares (the “Optional Shares”) subject to a 30-day option to purchase additional shares granted to the Underwriters (the “Offering”). The Shares were offered and sold in the Offering at the public offering price of $5.00 per share and were purchased by the Underwriters from the Company at a price of $4.70 per share, except for 3,509,718 shares purchased by entities affiliated with Telegraph Hill Partners, entities affiliated with PSC Capital Partners LLC and certain of our directors, executive officers and other insiders, all considered related parties, which were purchased by the Underwriters at the public offering price.

On June 8, 2023, the Underwriters exercised their option to purchase the Optional Shares in full.

The Company received approximately $47,817 in net proceeds from the Offering, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company. The Offering closed on June 12, 2023.

(11) Stock compensation plans

2021 Equity Incentive Plan

On March 24, 2021, the Board, and on April 8, 2021, the Company’s stockholders, approved and adopted the 2021 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the “2021 Plan”). The 2021 Plan became effective immediately prior to the closing of the IPO. Under the 2021 Plan, the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and other stock or cash-based awards to individuals who are then employees, officers, directors or consultants of the Company. A total of 1,727,953 shares of common stock were approved to be initially reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan. The number of shares under the Company’s 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”) subject to outstanding awards as of the effective date of the 2021 Plan that are subsequently canceled, forfeited or repurchased by the Company were added to the shares reserved under the 2021 Plan. In addition, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2021 Plan will be automatically increased on the first day of each calendar year during the term of the 2021 Plan, beginning with January 1, 2022 and ending with January 1, 2030, by an amount equal to 5% of the outstanding number of shares of the Company’s common stock on December 31st of the preceding calendar year or such lesser amount as determined by the Board.

2015 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2015 Plan was established for granting stock incentive awards to directors, officers, employees and consultants to the Company. The 2015 Plan provided for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units as determined by the Board. Under the 2015 Plan, stock options were generally granted with exercise prices equal to or greater than the fair value of the common stock as determined by the Board, expired no later than 10 years from the date of grant, and vested over various periods not exceeding four years. While no shares are available for future issuance under the 2015 Plan, it continues to govern outstanding equity awards granted thereunder.

Stock Options

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted options with an aggregate fair value of $2,709 and $6,008, respectively, which are being recorded as compensation expense over the requisite service period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options. The valuation model for stock compensation expense requires the Company to make assumptions and judgments about the variables used in the calculation including the expected term (weighted-average period of time that the options granted are expected to be outstanding), volatility of the Company’s common stock and an assumed-risk-free interest rate.

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During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company granted options to purchase 730,000 shares of common stock at a weighted average fair value of $3.71 per share and a weighted average exercise price of $5.35 per share. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company granted options to purchase 982,400 shares of common stock at a weighted average fair value of $6.12 per share and a weighted average exercise price of $10.86 per share. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the fair values were estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model using the following weighted-average assumptions:


	Three months ended		Three months ended
	March 31,		March 31,
	2024		2023
Weighted-average risk-free interest rate	4.3	%	3.9	%
Expected dividend yield	0	%	0	%
Expected volatility	75.7	%	55.4	%
Expected term	6.1 years		6.1 years

Restricted Stock Units

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted RSUs with an aggregate fair value of $5,482 and $11,547, respectively, which are being recorded as compensation expense over the requisite service period. The fair value of each grant is calculated based on the Company’s stock price on the date of grant. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company granted 1,025,951 RSUs at a weighted average fair value of $5.34 per share. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company granted 1,027,590 RSUs at a weighted average fair value of $11.24 per share.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation related to the Company’s stock-based awards was recorded as an expense and allocated as follows:


	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Cost of goods sold	$	74	$	86
Selling, general and administrative		2,140		1,922
Research and development		352		367
Total stock-based compensation	$	2,566	$	2,375

As of March 31, 2024, there was $11,778 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options that is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 2.4 years.

As of March 31, 2024, there was $13,644 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs that is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 3.2 years.

(12) Employee stock purchase plan

On March 24, 2021, the Board and on April 8, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved and adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The ESPP became effective in connection with the closing of the Company’s IPO. The ESPP permits participants to purchase common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation. A total of 172,795 shares of common stock were approved to be initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. In addition, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP will be automatically increased on the first day of each calendar year during the first ten-years of the term of the ESPP, beginning with January 1, 2022 and ending with January 1, 2030, by an amount equal to 0.5% of the outstanding number of shares of the Company’s common stock on December 31st of the preceding calendar year or such lesser amount as determined by the Board. No shares have been issued under the ESPP at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

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(13) Income taxes

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded a tax provision of $63 and $29, respectively. The tax provision consists primarily of foreign income taxes and state taxes in the United States. The provision differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the full valuation allowance recorded against the U.S. deferred tax assets, including the current year to date losses. The Company maintains a valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets as the Company believes it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

(14) Commitments and contingencies

License Agreements

In September 2018, in connection with the acquisition of the QPS division of PKI (subsequently known as Revvity), the Company entered into a License Agreement with PKI, pursuant to which PKI granted the Company an exclusive, nontransferable, sublicensable license under certain patent rights to make, use, import and commercialize QPS products and services. The Company is required to pay royalties on net sales of products and services that are covered by patent rights under the agreement at a rate ranging from 1.0% to 7.0%. As of the acquisition date, the Company accounted for the future potential royalty payments as contingent consideration. This contingent consideration is subject to remeasurement. The Company recorded approximately $1,928 and $1,911 of accrued royalties for projected net sales in 2024, and actual net sales in 2023, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Such amounts are payable in the first quarter of 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Changes in the fair value of the Company’s long-term portion of the contingent consideration liability during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:


Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	5,765
Reclassification of FY 2024 payment to accrued expenses		(1,929)
Change in contingent consideration value		179
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	4,015


Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	6,039
Reclassification of FY 2023 payment to accrued expenses		(1,640)
Change in contingent consideration value		227
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	4,626

(15) Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

Potentially issuable shares of common stock include shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding employee stock option awards. Awards granted with performance conditions are excluded from the shares used to compute diluted earnings per share until the performance conditions associated with the awards are met.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share:


	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Net loss	$	(23,484)	$	(18,802)
Weighted average common shares used in net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		49,188,170		38,326,024
Basic and diluted net loss per common share outstanding	$	(0.48)	$	(0.49)

The Company’s potential dilutive securities, which include stock options, and unvested restricted stock units, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders whenever the

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effect of including them would be to reduce the net loss per share. In periods where there is a net loss, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same. The following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:


	March 31,
	2024	2023
Outstanding stock options	6,290,879	6,939,998
Unvested restricted stock units	2,034,945	1,353,370
Total	8,325,824	8,293,368

(16) Segments

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker, the Company’s chief executive officer, views the Company’s operations and manages its business as a single operating segment. Accordingly, the Company has a single reportable segment structure. The Company’s principal operations and decision-making functions are located in the United States.

The following table provides the Company’s revenues by geographical market based on the location where the services were provided or to which product was shipped:


	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
North America	$	10,124	$	11,851
APAC		3,270		4,387
EMEA		4,956		5,172
Total Revenue	$	18,350	$	21,410


	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
North America	55	%	55	%
APAC	18	%	21	%
EMEA	27	%	24	%
Total Revenue	100	%	100	%

North America includes the United States and related territories, as well as Canada. APAC also includes Australia. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company had no countries outside of the United States with more than 10% of total revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company had two countries outside of the United States with 11% and 12% of total revenue, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States.

(17) Related party transactions

Argonaut Manufacturing Services Inc. (“AMS”) is a portfolio company of Telegraph Hill Partners, which holds greater than 5% of the Company’s total outstanding shares. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred costs of goods sold of approximately $1,673 and $1,947, respectively, related to sales of consumables manufactured by AMS. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $4,171 and $3,110, respectively, is

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included in inventories, net, related to consumables manufactured by AMS. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $2,444 and $2,618 in accounts payable, respectively, due to AMS.

(18) Leases

In the first quarter of 2024, the Company ceased use of its leased facility in Menlo Park, California and intends to either sublease or exit the vacant space to recover a portion of the total lease costs. The Company’s cease use of its leased facilities required an impairment assessment and the related right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and property and equipment became their own asset group. The impairment analysis evaluated the present value of net cash flows under the original lease and the estimated cash flows under estimated subleases to identify any potential impairment amount. The impairment assessment considered all industry and economic factors such as rental rates, interest rates, and recent real estate activities to estimate the net cash flows analysis and impairment amount.

The above assessments resulted in the Company recording an impairment charge of $2,971 during the three months ended March 31, 2024, which was recorded in impairment on the consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, impairment charges included $2,069 impairment of ROU assets, and $902 impairment of property and equipment, respectively. After recording impairments for the three months ended March 31, 2024, the carrying value of ROU assets and related property and equipment for the facility not being used was $2,115.

There were no ROU asset or leasehold improvement impairments recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The Company is a lessee under operating leases of offices, warehouse space, laboratory space, and auto leases, and financing leases of computer equipment, staining equipment, and furniture.

Some leases include an option to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term by five years. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company’s sole discretion. None of these options to renew are recognized as part of the Company’s right-to-use asset or lease liability as of March 31, 2024, as renewal was determined to not be reasonably assured.

The table below summarizes the Company’s lease costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


		Three months ended March 31,
Lease Costs	Classification	2024		2023
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	Cost of service and other revenue	$	89	$	71
Amortization of right-of-use assets	Selling, general and administrative		41		46
Amortization of right-of-use assets	Research and development		84		84
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense, net		34		20
Operating lease cost:
Rent expense	Cost of product revenue		28		28
Rent expense	Selling, general and administrative		706		784
Total lease cost		$	982	$	1,033

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As of March 31, 2024, future minimum commitments under ASC 842 under the Company’s operating leases were as follows:


Maturity of operating lease liabilities	As of March 31, 2024
2024 remaining	$	2,136
2025		2,839
2026		2,636
2027		1,104
2028		436
Thereafter		562
Total lease payments	$	9,713
Less: discount to lease payments		(1,346)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	8,367

As of March 31, 2024, future minimum commitments under ASC 842 under the Company’s financing leases were as follows:


Maturity of financing lease liabilities	As of March 31, 2024
2024 remaining	$	581
2025		444
2026		239
2027		239
2028		60
Thereafter		—
Total lease payments	$	1,563
Less: discount to lease payments		(211)
Total financing lease liabilities	$	1,352

The table below summarizes the weighted-average remaining lease term (in years), the weighted-average incremental borrowing rate (in percentages), as well as supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Three months ended March 31,
Lease Term, Discount Rates, and Other	2024			2023
Weighted average remaining lease term
Operating leases		3.6	years		4.4	years
Financing leases		3.0	years		2.1	years
Weighted average incremental borrowing rate
Operating leases		7.85	%		7.85	%
Financing leases		9.90	%		6.83	%
Cash payments of amounts included in lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	718		$	753
Operating cash flows from finance leases		34			20
Financing cash flows from finance leases		181			148

(19) Reduction in force

In January of 2024, the Company initiated a workforce reduction in connection with certain operating expense cost savings initiatives, including consolidating facilities and exiting the Menlo Park, California leased facility discussed in Note 18 – Leases. The workforce reduction was substantially completed by the end of the first quarter of 2024. As part of the workforce reduction, the Company eliminated 51 positions, and relocated certain employees to its Marlborough, Massachusetts facilities.

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During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded $1,257 for charges related to the workforce reduction, and $140 of employee and equipment relocation costs associated with the Menlo Park, California exit, respectively, which were recorded in restructuring on the consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2024, $89 of the workforce reduction charges remain unpaid, and are recorded within accrued expenses.

(20) Subsequent events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events from the consolidated balance sheet date through May 13, 2024, which is the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 5, 2024. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as referred to in the section titled “Risk Factors” under Part II, Item 1A below. Please also see the section titled “Special note regarding forward looking statements.”

Overview

We are an innovative life sciences technology company delivering spatial biology solutions focused on transforming discovery and clinical research. Our mission is to bring context to the world of biology and human health through the power of spatial phenotyping. Spatial phenotyping refers to a rapidly evolving technology that enables academic and biopharma scientists to detect and map the distribution of cell types and biomarkers across whole tissue samples at single-cell resolution, enabling advancements in their understanding of disease progression and patient response to therapy. Through our PhenoCycler and PhenoImager platforms, reagents, software and services, we offer end-to-end solutions to perform tissue analysis and spatial phenotyping across the full continuum from discovery through translational and clinical research and diagnostics.

Our spatial biology solutions measure cells and proteins by providing biomarker data in its spatial context while preserving tissue integrity. Biomarkers are objective measures that capture what is happening in a cell or tissue at a given moment. Current genomic and proteomic methods, such as next-generation sequencing (“NGS”), single-cell analysis, flow cytometry and mass spectrometry, are providing meaningful data but require the destruction of the tissue sample for analysis. While valuable and broadly adopted, these approaches allow scientists to analyze the biomarkers and cells that comprise the tissue but do not provide the fundamental information about tissue structure, cellular interactions and the localized measurements of key biomarkers. Furthermore, current non-destructive tissue analysis and histological methods provide some limited spatial information, but they only measure a minimal number of biomarkers at a time and require expert pathologist interpretation. Our platforms address these limitations by providing end-to-end solutions that enable researchers to quantitatively interrogate a large number of biomarkers and cell types across a tissue section at single-cell resolution. The result is a detailed and computable map of the tissue sample that thoroughly captures the underlying tissue dynamics and interactions between key cell types and biomarkers, a process now referred to as spatial phenotyping. We believe that we are the only business with the breadth of platform capabilities that enable researchers to do a deep exploratory and discovery study, and then further advance and scale their research through the translational and clinical phases, leading to a better understanding of human biology, disease progression and response to therapy. We also believe that we are the only spatial biology business that is capable of delivering a menu of clinical in vitro diagnostics (“IVD”) tests on our platform for routine diagnostic testing.

We offer complete end-to-end solutions for spatial phenotyping, designed to serve the unique needs of our customers in the discovery, translational and clinical markets. The PhenoCycler, is an ultra-high parameter and cost-effective platform ideally suited for discovery high-plex research. The PhenoImager platforms, which includes the Fusion instrument and HT instrument, provide high-throughput scalable solutions with the automation and robustness

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We believe our market is still evolving and relatively underpenetrated. As spatial biology is further validated through rapid acceleration of peer-reviewed publications and growing adoption by the life sciences research market, we believe we have an opportunity to significantly increase our installed base. We regularly solicit feedback from our customers in order to enhance our solutions and their applications for life sciences research, which we believe will drive increased adoption of our platforms as they better serve our customers’ needs.

Drive incremental pull through

We believe that expansion of our installed base to new and existing customers will drive an increase in our recurring reagent and instrument service revenue. In addition, as our research and development team identifies and launches new applications and biomarker targets, we expect to increase incremental pull through on our existing and new instrument installed base. Recurring revenue was 54% and 38% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our recurring revenue as a percentage of total product and service revenue will vary based upon new device placements in the period. As our installed base expands, we expect recurring revenue on an absolute basis to increase and become an increasingly important contributor to our revenue.

Improve revenue mix and gross margin

Our revenue is primarily derived from sales of our platforms, consumables, software, and services. Our revenue mix will fluctuate from period-to-period, particularly revenue generated from instrument sales. As our installed base grows, we expect consumables and instrument service revenue to constitute a larger percentage of total revenue.

Our margins are higher for those instruments and consumables that we sell directly to customers compared to those sold through distributors.

Future instrument and consumable selling prices and gross margins may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including the introduction by others of competing products and solutions. We aim to mitigate downward pressure on our average selling prices by increasing the value proposition offered by our instruments and consumables, primarily by expanding the applications for our devices, optimizing the performance of our products, introducing feature enhancements and increasing the quantity and quality of data that can be obtained using our consumables.

Key Business Metrics

We regularly review the number of instrument placements and cumulative instrument placement as key metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, develop financial projections, and make strategic decisions. We believe that these metrics are representative of our current business; however, we anticipate these will change or may be substituted for additional or different metrics as our business grows.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, our instrument placements were as follows:


	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2024	2023
Instrument Placements:	30	58

Our instruments are sold globally to leading biopharma companies and top research institutions and medical centers. Our quarterly instrument placements fluctuate from period-to-period due to the type and size of our customers and their procurement and budgeting cycles. We expect continued fluctuations in our quarterly period-to-period number of instrument placements.

We believe our instrument placements is an important metric to measure our business because the number of new placements is driven by our ability to secure new customers and to increase adoption of our PhenoCycler and PhenoImager platforms and because it provides insights into anticipated recurring revenue for consumables and instrument services.

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Provision for income taxes

Our provision for income taxes consists primarily of foreign taxes and minimal state taxes in the United States. As we expand the scale and scope of our international business activities, any changes in the United States and foreign taxation of such activities may increase our overall provision for income taxes in the future.

Results of operations

The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented:


	Three months ended
	March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Product revenue	$	12,140	$	15,524
Service and other revenue		6,210		5,886
Total revenue		18,350		21,410
Cost of goods sold:
Cost of product revenue		6,723		5,751
Cost of service and other revenue		3,248		3,366
Total cost of goods sold		9,971		9,117
Gross profit		8,379		12,293
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		19,863		23,124
Research and development		5,554		6,378
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		179		227
Impairment		2,971		—
Restructuring		1,397		—
Total operating expenses		29,964		29,729
Loss from operations		(21,585)		(17,436)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense		(2,612)		(2,054)
Interest income		937		765
Other expense, net		(161)		(48)
Loss before provision for income taxes		(23,421)		(18,773)
Provision for income taxes		(63)		(29)
Net loss	$	(23,484)	$	(18,802)

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

Revenue


	Three months ended
	March 31,					Change
($ in thousands, except percentages)	2024		2023			Amount	%
Product revenue	$	12,140	$	15,524	$	(3,384)	(22)	%
Service and other revenue		6,210		5,886		324	6	%
Total revenue	$	18,350	$	21,410	$	(3,060)	(14)	%

Product revenue decreased by $3.4 million, or 22%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by a $4.7 million decrease in instrument revenue resulting from 30 new system placements during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 58 new system placements for the three months ended March 31, 2023, offset by a $1.3 million increase in consumable revenue

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resulting from a larger installed base of 1,213 systems as of March 31, 2024, as compared to 992 systems as of March 31, 2023.

Service and other revenue increased by $0.3 million, or 6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase relating to lab services operations, including revenue generated from companion diagnostic development, and other immaterial changes.

Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit and Gross Margin


	Three months ended
	March 31,						Change
($ in thousands, except percentages)	2024			2023			Amount		%
Cost of product revenue	$	6,723		$	5,751		$	972	17	%
Cost of service and other revenue		3,248			3,366			(118)	(4)	%
Total cost of goods sold	$	9,971		$	9,117		$	854	9	%
Gross profit	$	8,379		$	12,293		$	(3,914)	(32)	%
Gross margin		46	%		57	%

Cost of product revenue increased by $1.0 million, or 17%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in cost of product revenue was primarily driven by a $2.0 million charge related to obsolete inventory associated with the Mantra 2 Quantitative Pathology Workstation and the Vectra 3 Automated Quantitative Pathology Imaging System (collectively, the “Discontinued Products”), a legacy product line which was discontinued in the first quarter of 2024, and costs associated with increased reagents sales, offset by a decrease in costs associated with decreased instrument sales. Cost of service and other revenue decreased by $0.1 million, or 4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Gross profit decreased by $3.9 million, or 32%, and gross margin decreased by 12% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in gross profit was primarily due to the charge related to the Discontinued Products, as well as a decrease in instrument sales. The decrease in gross margin was primarily due to the charge resulting from the Discontinued Products.

Operating Expenses

Selling, General and Administrative


	Three months ended
	March 31,				Change
($ in thousands, except percentages)	2024		2023		Amount		%
Selling, general and administrative	$	19,863	$	23,124	$	(3,261)	(14)	%

Selling, general and administrative expense decreased by $3.3 million, or 14%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $1.4 million decrease in personnel-related expenses, a $1.1 million decrease in professional fees, and other related fees such as legal, consulting, and IT, a $0.7 million decrease in recruiting, training, conferences, and travel and expenses, offset by a $0.4 million charge to our allowance for credit losses, and other immaterial changes.

Research and development


	Three months ended
	March 31,				Change
($ in thousands, except percentages)	2024		2023		Amount		%
Research and development	$	5,554	$	6,378	$	(824)	(13)	%

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Research and development expense decreased by $0.8 million, or 13% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $1.1 million decrease in personnel-related expenses and other immaterial changes.

Change in fair value of contingent consideration


	Three months ended
	March 31,				Change
($ in thousands, except percentages)	2024		2023		Amount		%
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	$	179	$	227	$	(48)	(21)	%

Change in fair value of contingent consideration decreased by $48.0 thousand, or 21%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to current period remeasurement.

Impairment


	Three months ended
	March 31,				Change
($ in thousands, except percentages)	2024		2023		Amount		%
Impairment	$	2,971	$	—	$	2,971	100	%

Impairment increased by $3.0 million, or 100% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to impairment charges to our right-of-use assets and property and equipment associated with exiting our Menlo Park, California facilities in the first quarter of 2024.

Restructuring


	Three months ended
	March 31,				Change
($ in thousands, except percentages)	2024		2023		Amount		%
Restructuring	$	1,397	$	—	$	1,397	100	%

Restructuring increased by $1.4 million, or 100% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily associated with our workforce reduction that we executed in January of 2024.

Interest expense


	Three months ended
	March 31,				Change
($ in thousands, except percentages)	2024		2023		Amount		%
Interest expense	$	2,612	$	2,054	$	558	27	%

Interest expense increased by $0.6 million, or 27% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to increased debt levels as of March 31, 2024 as compared to March 31, 2023, as well as an increase in interest rates.

Interest income


	Three months ended
	March 31,				Change
($ in thousands, except percentages)	2024		2023		Amount		%
Interest income	$	937	$	765	$	172	22	%

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Interest income increased by $0.2 million, or 22% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase was due to higher interest rates earned on cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities.

Other expense, net


	Three months ended
	March 31,				Change
($ in thousands, except percentages)	2024		2023		Amount		%
Other expense, net	$	161	$	48	$	113	235	%

Other expense, net increased by $113 thousand, or 235% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2024, we had approximately $61.6 million in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities.

Since our inception, we have experienced losses and negative cash flows from operations, and we incurred a consolidated net loss of $23.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and had an accumulated deficit of $253.6 million as of March 31, 2024. We have historically relied on equity financings and borrowings under our credit facility to fund our operations to date. We may in the future sell shares of our common stock, including pursuant to the Equity Distribution Agreement to help fund our operations.

We expect to continue to incur operating losses in the foreseeable future. However, we plan to improve results of operations in an effort to achieve cash flow positivity. Based on our current business plan, we believe our existing cash and cash equivalents and anticipated cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs over at least the next 12 months following the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to our ability to successfully commercialize and launch products, and to achieve a level of sales adequate to support our cost structure. If we are unable to execute on our business plan and adequately fund operations, or if the business plan requires a level of spending in excess of cash resources, we will have to seek additional equity or debt financing. If additional financings are required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected.

Sources of Liquidity

Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily from the issuance and sale of our equity securities, borrowings under long-term debt agreements, and revenue from our commercial operations. In April 2021, we raised $138.6 million in net proceeds through the sale of common stock from our IPO, after deducting the underwriter discounts and commissions and offering expenses of $12.8 million. As described further in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in June 2023, we completed a follow-on public offering of our common stock pursuant to which we raised approximately $47.8 million in net proceeds, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses.

Midcap Trust Term Loan

In October 2020, we entered into the Midcap Trust Term Loan for a $37.5 million credit facility, consisting of a senior, secured term loan. We received $32.5 million in aggregate proceeds as a result of the debt financing. On March 21, 2022, we entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Midcap Trust Term Loan, which amended certain provisions to permit certain additional debt and capital leases.

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On June 1, 2022, we entered into Amendment No. 2, which permitted the draw of a second and third tranche of $10.0 million each, which were drawn on June 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022, respectively. Amendment No. 2 also delayed the amortization start dates for the outstanding loan amounts from November 1, 2023 until April 1, 2025, at which point we would be required to repay the principal amounts in seven equal monthly installments until the maturity date. Finally, Amendment No. 2 amended the interest rate payable on the term loan to apply an interest rate equal to the SOFR rate (with a floor of 1.61448%) plus 6.35%.

On November 7, 2022, we entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Midcap Trust Term Loan, which permits the draw of two additional tranches, each totaling $11,250, which were drawn on November 7, 2022, and December 22, 2023, respectively. Amendment No. 3 also delays the amortization start dates for the outstanding loan amounts from April 1, 2025 until December 1, 2025 (subject to further extension upon certain conditions), at which point we will repay the principal amounts in equal monthly installments until the new maturity date of November 1, 2027. In addition, Amendment No. 3 amends the interest rate payable on the term loan to apply an interest rate equal to the SOFR rate (with a floor of 2.50%) plus 6.80%, and resets the call protection to begin as of November 7, 2025. Finally, Amendment No. 3 provides for a commitment fee of $74 that was paid on November 7, 2022 on the new tranche amounts and an exit fee of 4.75%. Substantially all other terms and conditions, and covenants of the credit agreement remain unchanged.

The Midcap Trust Term Loan is subject to a minimum revenue financial covenant measuring our last twelve months trailing revenue, tested on a monthly basis.

The Midcap Trust Term Loan is collateralized by substantially all of our assets. The agreement contains customary negative covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, grant liens, make investments, repurchase stock, pay dividends, transfer assets and merge or consolidate with any other entity or to acquire all or substantially all the capital stock or property of another entity. The agreement also contains customary affirmative covenants, including requirements to, among other things, deliver audited financial statements. If we default under the Midcap Trust Term Loan and if the default is not cured or waived, the lender could cause any amounts outstanding to be payable immediately. Under certain circumstances, the lender could also exercise its rights with respect to the collateral securing such loans. Moreover, any such default would limit our ability to obtain additional financing, which may have an adverse effect on our cash flow and liquidity.

We were in compliance with all covenants under the Midcap Trust Term Loan as of March 31, 2024.

At-the-Market Offering

On November 7, 2022, we entered into the Equity Distribution Agreement with Piper Sandler with respect to an ATM offering program under which we may offer and sell, from time to time at our sole discretion, shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million through Piper Sandler as our sales agent. As of March 31, 2024, we have not sold any shares of common stock under the ATM program.

Cash flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:


	Three months ended
	March 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	$	(20,824)	$	(19,758)
Investing activities		(48,817)		6,196
Financing activities		(444)		(419)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	(70,085)	$	(13,981)

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Operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities increased by $1.1 million to $20.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $19.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 consisted of a net loss of $23.5 million and a change in our net operating assets and liabilities of $8.2 million, offset by non-cash charges of $10.9 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to increased inventory levels of $7.3 million, decreases in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities of $3.2 million, decreases in operating lease liabilities of $0.6 million, and decreases in deferred revenue of $0.3 million, offset by decreases in accounts receivable of $3.1 million. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $3.0 million of impairment expense, $2.6 million of stock-based compensation expense, $2.1 million of depreciation and amortization, a $2.3 million adjustment for excess and obsolete inventories, $0.4 million in credit losses for accounts receivable, decreases in operating lease right of use assets of $0.7 million, a $0.2 million change in fair value of contingent consideration, and $0.2 million of non-cash interest expense, offset by $0.5 million in accretion of marketable securities.

Net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 consisted of a net loss of $18.8 million and a change in our net operating assets and liabilities of $6.5 million, offset by non-cash charges of $5.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was due to decreases in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities of $5.8 million, increases in accounts receivable of $3.2 million, decreases in operating lease liabilities of $0.5 million and increased inventory levels of $0.1 million, offset by decreases in prepaid expenses and other assets of $2.5 million, and increases in deferred revenue of $0.8 million. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $2.4 million of stock-based compensation expense, $2.1 million of depreciation and amortization, decreases in operating lease right of use assets of $0.6 million, $0.2 million of non-cash interest expense, and a $0.2 million change in fair value of contingent consideration.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $48.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $6.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was driven by purchases of marketable securities of $48.0 million and purchases of property and equipment of $0.8 million.

Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was driven by maturities of marketable securities of $7.0 million, offset by purchases of property and equipment of $0.8 million.

Financing activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily driven by $0.2 million in principal payments on financing leases, $0.2 million in payments of deferred offering costs, and $0.1 million in settlement of restricted stock units for tax withholding obligations.

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily driven by $0.2 million in payments of deferred offering costs, $0.1 million in principal payments on financing leases, and $0.1 million in settlement of restricted stock units for tax withholding obligations.

Critical accounting policies and estimates

We have prepared our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. Our preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported

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amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could therefore differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on March 5, 2024.

Recent accounting pronouncements

For information on recently issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

JOBS Act accounting election

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this extended transition period, and, as a result, we will not be required to adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies. We intend to rely on other exemptions provided by the JOBS Act, including without limitation, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Smaller reporting company status

We are also a “smaller reporting company,” meaning that the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million as of the last trading day of our second quarter and our annual revenue is less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million as of the last trading day of our second quarter or (ii) our annual revenue is less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million as of the last trading day of our second quarter. If we are a smaller reporting company at the time we cease to be an emerging growth company, we may continue to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. For example, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for this reporting period and are not required to provide the information required under this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2024. There was not any change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit
Number

Exhibit Title

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed
Herewith

3.1

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation

Amended and Restated Bylaws

Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, dated September 27, 2019, by and among the Registrant and certain of its stockholders

Description of the Registrant’s capital stock

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1 *

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2 *

Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.


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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2024 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2023		2
Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023		3
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023		4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023		5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023		6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)		7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		26
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		37
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		37

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings		38
Item 1A. Risk Factors		38
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		38
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities		38
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures		38
Item 5. Other Information		38
Item 6. Exhibits		39
Signatures		40


	Akoya Biosciences, Inc.

Date: May 13, 2024	By:	/s/ Brian McKelligon
		Brian McKelligon
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 13, 2024	By:	/s/ Johnny Ek
		Johnny Ek
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)