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Reportable Segments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Reportable Segments
15. Reportable Segments:
The Company has organized its business around two operating segments based on the review of discrete financial results for each of the operating segments by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (the Company’s Chief Executive Officer), or CODM, for performance assessment and resource allocation purposes. Each of the Company’s operating segments represents a reportable segment under GAAP. The Company’s reportable segments are organized based on the nature and economic characteristics of the Company’s products. The Company’s two reportable segments are as follows: (1) Ecoservices provides sulfuric acid recycling to the North American refining industry for the production of alkylate and provides on-purpose virgin sulfuric acid for water treatment, mining, and industrial applications; and (2) Catalyst Technologies serves the polymers and engineered plastics and the global refining, petrochemical and emissions control industries.
The Catalyst Technologies segment includes equity in net income from Zeolyst International and Zeolyst C.V. (collectively, the “Zeolyst Joint Venture”), each of which are 50/50 joint ventures with CRI Zeolites Inc. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell). The Zeolyst Joint Venture is accounted for using the equity method in the Company’s consolidated financial statements (see Note 12 to these consolidated financial statements for further information). Company management evaluates the Catalyst Technologies segment’s performance, including the Zeolyst Joint Venture, on a proportionate consolidation basis. Accordingly, the revenues and expenses used to compute the Catalyst Technologies segment’s adjusted earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”) include the Zeolyst Joint Venture’s results of operations on a proportionate basis based on the Company’s 50% ownership level. Since the Company uses the equity method of accounting for the Zeolyst Joint Venture, these items are eliminated when reconciling to the Company’s consolidated results of operations.
The Company’s management evaluates the operating results of each reportable segment based upon Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA consists of EBITDA, which is a measure defined as net income before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (each of which is included in the Company’s consolidated statements of income), and adjusted for certain items as discussed below.
Summarized financial information for the Company’s reportable segments is shown in the following table:
Years ended
December 31,
202220212020
Sales:
Ecoservices$702,472 $500,513 $401,913 
Catalyst Technologies(1)
117,687 110,688 94,007 
Total$820,159 $611,201 $495,920 
Adjusted EBITDA:(2)
Ecoservices$227,760 $177,672 $157,198 
Catalyst Technologies(3)
77,978 88,028 74,504 
Adjusted EBITDA from reportable segments$305,738 $265,700 $231,702 
(1)Excludes the Company’s proportionate share of sales from the Zeolyst Joint Venture accounted for using the equity method. The proportionate share of sales is $132,588, $131,332 and $128,623 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(2)The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA adjusted for certain items as noted in the reconciliation below. Management evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources based on several factors, of which the primary measure is Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income as an indicator of the Company’s operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA as defined by the Company may not be comparable with EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA as defined by other companies.
(3)     The Adjusted EBITDA from the Zeolyst Joint Venture included in the Catalyst Technologies segment is $50,331 for the year ended December 31, 2022, which includes $27,931 of equity in net income plus $6,403 of amortization of investment in affiliate step-up plus $15,997 of joint venture depreciation, amortization and interest.
The Adjusted EBITDA from the Zeolyst Joint Venture included in the Catalyst Technologies segment is $49,872 for the year ended December 31, 2021, which includes $27,827 of equity in net income plus $6,480 of amortization of investment in affiliate step-up plus $15,565 of joint venture depreciation, amortization and interest.
The Adjusted EBITDA from the Zeolyst Joint Venture included in the Catalyst Technologies segment is $42,515 for the year ended December 31, 2020, which includes $21,157 of equity in net income plus $6,634 of amortization of investment in affiliate step-up plus $14,724 of joint venture depreciation, amortization and interest.
A reconciliation of income from continuing operations before income taxes to Adjusted EBITDA from reportable segments is as follows:
Years ended
December 31,
202220212020
Reconciliation of income from continuing operations before income taxes to Adjusted EBITDA from reportable segments
Income from continuing operations before income taxes$94,735 $13,941 $2,215 
Interest expense, net37,217 36,990 50,409 
Depreciation and amortization79,163 79,741 76,926 
Unallocated corporate expenses29,042 38,089 39,087 
Joint venture depreciation, amortization and interest15,997 15,565 14,724 
Amortization of investment in affiliate step-up6,402 6,480 6,634 
Debt extinguishment costs— 26,902 25,028 
Net loss on asset disposals3,594 5,666 4,722 
Foreign currency exchange loss (gain)1,388 4,716 (5,264)
LIFO benefit(165)(1,931)(5,262)
Transaction and other related costs6,988 2,009 1,118 
Equity-based compensation20,632 31,838 17,194 
Restructuring, integration and business optimization expenses11,566 3,866 1,994 
Other(821)1,828 2,177 
Adjusted EBITDA from reportable segments$305,738 $265,700 $231,702 
The Company’s consolidated results include equity in net income from affiliated companies of $27,725, $27,737 and $21,065 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. This is primarily comprised of equity in net income of $27,931, $27,827 and $21,157 in the Catalyst Technologies segment from the Zeolyst Joint Venture for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s equity in net income from affiliated companies in the consolidated results includes amortization expense related to purchase accounting fair value adjustments associated with the Zeolyst Joint Venture as a result of a prior business combination.
Capital expenditures for the Company’s reportable segments are shown in the following table:
 Years ended
December 31,
 202220212020
Capital expenditures:  
Ecoservices$47,770 $43,561 $31,799 
Catalyst Technologies(1)
8,194 15,997 11,177 
Corporate(2)
2,906 487 11,861 
Capital expenditures per the consolidated statements of cash flows$58,870 $60,045 $54,837 
(1)    Excludes the Company’s proportionate share of capital expenditures from the Zeolyst Joint Venture.
(2)    Includes corporate capital expenditures, the cash impact from changes in capital expenditures in accounts payable and capitalized interest.
Total assets by segment are not disclosed by the Company because the information is not prepared or used by the CODM to assess performance and to allocate resources.
Sales by geographic area are presented in the following table. Sales are attributed to countries based upon location of products shipped.
Years ended
December 31,
202220212020
Sales(1):
  
United States$774,119 $571,587 $443,682 
Other foreign countries46,040 39,614 52,238 
Total$820,159 $611,201 $495,920 
(1)    Except for the United States, no sales in an individual country exceeded 10% of the Company’s total sales.
The Company sold products through its Ecoservices and Catalyst Technologies segments to customer A, which accounted for 12.3%, 12.6% and 10.4% of the Company’s total sales as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively.
Long-lived assets by geographic area is presented in the following table. Long-lived assets includes property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use lease assets.

December 31,
20222021
Long-lived assets:  
United States$587,726 $597,506 
Other foreign countries25,428 28,840 
Total$613,154 $626,346