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Retirement Programs - Narrative (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
multiemployerPlan
employee
shares
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2020
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Number of multiemployer plans participated in | multiemployerPlan 8      
Estimated number of union employees in multiemployer plans | employee 200      
Multiemployer plan, contributions by employer, percentage of employee contributions   1.00% 1.00%  
Number of plans in red zone | multiemployerPlan 3      
Pension contributions $ 51 $ 42 $ 91  
Pensions        
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Annual pay credits, percent of eligible compensation 4.00%      
Minimum | Scenario, Forecast        
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Estimated pension plan contributions during next fiscal year       $ 40
Maximum | Scenario, Forecast        
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Estimated pension plan contributions during next fiscal year       $ 50
Praxair U.S. Defined Contribution Savings Plans        
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Defined contribution plan contributions $ 56 51 46  
Shares of common stock in esops (in shares) | shares 1,733,281      
Praxair International Defined Contribution Savings Plans        
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Defined contribution plan contributions $ 80 $ 101 $ 106