The Company’s accounting policies are described in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and updated, as necessary, in this report.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, estimates related to revenue recognition, the recognition of research and development expenses and equity-based compensation. Estimates are periodically reviewed in light of changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates.

The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition, including clinical trials and employee-related amounts, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain, including new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19 and the actions taken to contain it or treat its impact. The Company has made estimates of the impact of COVID-19 within its financial statements and there may be changes to those estimates in future periods. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates.

Restricted Cash

The Company held restricted cash of $2,070 in separate restricted bank accounts as security deposits for leases of the Company’s facilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, the Company classified $237 and $1,833 as current and non-current assets, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the Company classified $2,070 as a non-current asset. A reconciliation of the amounts of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash from the cash flow statement to the balance sheet is as follows:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents as presented on balance sheet	$	48,790	$	119,136	$	109,676	$	154,744
Restricted cash, current as presented on balance sheet		237		—		90		—
Restricted cash, non-current, as presented on balance sheet		1,833		2,070		2,072		327
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented on cash flow statement	$	50,860	$	121,206	$	111,838	$	155,071

Leases

At inception of a contract, the Company determines if a contract meets the definition of a lease. A lease is a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company determines if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time. The Company assesses throughout the period of use whether the Company has both of the following: (1) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset and (2) the right to direct the use of the identified asset. This determination is reassessed if the terms of the contract are changed. Leases are classified as operating or finance leases based on the terms of the lease agreement and certain characteristics of the identified asset. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the minimum future lease payments. The Company’s policy is to not record leases with an original term of twelve months or less on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognizes lease expense for these short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain lease agreements include rental payments that are adjusted periodically for inflation or other variables. In addition to rent, the leases may require the Company to pay additional amounts for taxes, insurance, maintenance and other expenses, which are generally referred to as non-lease components. Such adjustments to rental payments and variable non-lease components are treated as variable lease payments and recognized in the period in which the obligation for these payments was incurred. Variable lease components and variable non-lease components are not measured as part of the right-of-use asset and liability. Only when lease components and their associated non-lease components are fixed are they accounted for as a single lease component and recognized as part of a right-of-use asset and liability. Total contract consideration is allocated to the combined fixed lease and non-lease components.

In June 2021, the Company entered into a lease with Hood Park LLC (“Landlord”), pursuant to which the Company leases approximately 49,869 square feet of office, laboratory, research and development and manufacturing space located in Charlestown, Massachusetts (“Premises”). The Company relocated its corporate headquarters to the Premises in June 2022. The initial term of the lease commenced in June 2022 when the construction of the lessor assets was substantially completed and continues for a ten-year period, unless earlier terminated. The lease provides the Company with an option to extend the lease for an additional five-year term. The Company and the Landlord were each obligated to undertake certain improvements prior to the commencement of the lease, and significant improvements were completed as of June 2022. The monthly lease payment is approximately $305 with annual escalation of approximately 3%. The lease includes a $10,223 construction allowance. The Company was required to post a customary letter of credit in the amount of $1,833, subject to decrease on a set schedule, as a security deposit pursuant to the lease.

In April 2022, the Company terminated a lease for lab space in Cambridge, Massachusetts prior to the expected lease termination date. As of September 30, 2022 no right-of-use asset or lease liability was recorded for this lease.

Related Parties

In October 2020, the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”) with Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (“Ultragenyx”). In connection with the Collaboration Agreement, Ultragenyx also purchased 521,719 shares of the Company’s common stock, which resulted in Ultragenyx becoming a related party of the Company.

In November 2020, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Danforth Advisors, LLC, or Danforth, an affiliate of Stephen DiPalma, the Company’s interim chief financial officer. Pursuant to the consulting agreement, Danforth provides the Company with the chief financial officer services of Mr. DiPalma, and other services, including financial planning, offering support and accounting services, in exchange for fees payable to Danforth based on hourly rates. The Company has paid Danforth $299 and $803 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $194 and $381 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. In accordance with the consulting agreement, in November 2020, the Company issued to Danforth a warrant to purchase 2,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price per share of $49.35. As of September 30, 2022, the shares had vested in full. The consulting agreement may be terminated by either party without cause upon 60 days’ prior written notice to the other party and with cause upon 30 days’ prior written notice to the other party.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-06, Debt, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which, among other things, provides guidance on how to account for contracts on an entity’s own equity. This ASU simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. Specifically, the ASU eliminated the need for the Company to assess whether a contract on the entity’s own equity (1) permits settlement in unregistered shares, (2) whether counterparty rights rank higher than shareholder’s rights, and (3) whether collateral is required. In addition, the ASU requires incremental disclosure related to contracts on the entity’s own equity and clarifies the treatment of certain financial instruments accounted for under this ASU on earnings per share. The ASU also simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by removing the beneficial conversion feature and cash conversion feature separation models. This ASU may be applied on a full retrospective or modified retrospective basis. This ASU is effective for smaller reporting companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption to materially impact its financial position and results of operations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which was subsequently modified by several ASU’s issued in 2018 and 2019. The standard introduces a new current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model for measuring expected credit losses for certain types of financial instruments measured at amortized cost and replaces the incurred loss model. The CECL model requires an entity to recognize an allowance for credit losses for the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and the amount the entity expects to collect over the instrument’s contractual life after consideration of historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The standard eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires an entity to determine whether any impairment is the result of a credit loss or other factors. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company on January 1, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact that this standard may have on its financial statements and related disclosures.