10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the year ended December 31, 2023

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-39223

Sadot Group, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada	47-2555533
(State or other jurisdiction	(I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation)	Identification No.)

1751 River Run, Suite 200,

Fort Worth, Texas 76107

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (832) 604-9568

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value	SDOT	The NASDAQ Capital Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to the filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):

Large accelerated filer	o		Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	x
Emerging growth company	x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the Registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the Registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x

As of June 30, 2023, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates was $18,608,693.

The number of shares if the Registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding as of March 20, 2024, was 51,752,691.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

Sadot Group, Inc.

Annual Report on Form 10-K

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023

	Table of Contents	Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business	4
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	8
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	32
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity	32
Item 2.	Properties	33
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	33
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure	34
PART II
Item 5.	Market For Registrant's Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	35
Item 6.	Reserved	38
Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	39
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	54
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	54
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	54
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	54
Item 9B.	Other Information	54
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	54
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	55
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	62
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters	73
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	76
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	80
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	81
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	84
	Signatures	85

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PART I

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the federal securities laws. The events described in forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report may not occur. Generally, these statements relate to business plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits or other consequences of our plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits from acquisitions to be made by us, or projections involving anticipated revenues, earnings or other aspects of our operating results. The words “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “project,” “plan,” “forecast,” “model,” “proposal,” “should,” “may,” “intend,” “estimate,” and “continue,” and their opposites and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance or events and are subject to a number of uncertainties, risks and other influences, many of which are beyond our control that may influence the accuracy of the statements and the projections upon which the statements are based. Factors which may affect our results include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties discussed in Item 1A of this Annual Report under “Risk Factors” and Item 7 of this Annual Report under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Result of Operations”.

Any one or more of these uncertainties, risks and other influences could materially affect our results of operations and whether forward-looking statements made by us ultimately prove to be accurate. Our actual results, performance and achievements could differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether from new information, future events or otherwise.

This Annual Report also contains estimates and other statistical data made by independent parties and by us relating to market size and growth and other data about our industry. This data involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. In addition, projections, assumptions and estimates of our future performance and the future performance of the markets in which we operate are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk.

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Item 1. Business

Our Business Overview

Sadot Group, Inc. (referred to herein as “Sadot Group”, "SGI" or “Company”), was incorporated under the laws of the state of Nevada on October 25, 2019. The principal corporate office of Sadot Group is located at 1751 River Run, Suite 200, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, and the telephone number at that location is (832) 604-9568. Our website address is www.sadotgroupinc.com.

Sadot Group together with its subsidiaries, is referred to in this Form 10-K annual report (“Form 10-K”) as the Company. The terms “we”, “us” and “our” are also used in the Form 10-K to refer to the Company. Throughout the Form 10-K, the terms “restaurants”, “stores”, “eatery” and “locations” are used inter changeably. While Sadot Group, as the parent Company, does not directly own or operate any restaurants throughout this document we may refer to restaurants that are owned or operated by our subsidiaries as being Company-owned. Sadot Group is our parent company.

In late 2022, Sadot Group began a transformation from a U.S.-centric restaurant business into a global organization focused on the Agri-food commodity supply-chain. Effective July 27, 2023, we changed our company name from Muscle Maker, Inc., to Sadot Group, Inc. As of December 31, 2023, Sadot Group consisted of two distinct operating units.

1.Sadot LLC (“Sadot Agri-Foods”): Sadot Group’s largest operating unit is a global Agri-Foods company engaged in sustainable farming, commodity trading and shipping of food and feed (e.g., soybean meal, wheat and corn) via dry bulk cargo ships to/from markets such as Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, China, Columbia, Ecuador, Egypt, Guinea, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Ukraine United States and Vietnam, among others. Sadot Agri-Foods competes with large, multi-national companies such as the ABCD commodity companies (ADM, Bunge, Cargill, Louis-Dreyfus) as well as many regional organizations. Sadot Agri-Foods operates, through a joint venture, a roughly 5,000 acre crop producing farm in Zambia with a focus on major commodities such as wheat, soy and corn alongside high-value tree crops such as avocado and mango. Sadot Agri-Foods was formed as part of the Company’s diversification strategy to own and operate, through its subsidiaries, the business lines throughout the food value chain. Sadot Agri-Foods seeks to diversify over time into a sustainable and forward-looking global agri-foods company.

2.Sadot Restaurant Group ("Sadot Food Services"): has three unique “healthier for you” concepts, including two fast casual restaurant concepts, Pokémoto and Muscle Maker Grill, plus one subscription-based fresh prep meal concept, SuperFit Foods. The restaurants were founded on the belief of taking every-day menu options and converting them into “healthier for you” menu choices. Consumers are demanding healthier choices, customization, flavor and convenience. Each of our three concepts offers different menus that are tailored to specific consumer segments. We believe our concepts deliver highly differentiated customer experiences.

Throughout the year, the Company has expanded its Sadot Agri-Foods subsidiaries within the agri-commodity sourcing and trading operations into North, Central and South America, further diversifying the Company’s geographic reach beyond its existing operations in Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa. The expansion was facilitated by establishing two new operating locations that resulted in Sadot LLC’s subsidiaries – “Sadot Latam” and “Sadot Brazil”. Sadot Latam, LLC was formed by Sadot Agri-Foods’ agri-food operations and entered into a consulting agreement with Buenaventura Trading LLC (“Buenaventura”) based in Miami FL. Buenaventura’s team brings experience and exposure to new trade routes throughout the Americas by adding multiple sourcing and trading consultants to Sadot Agri-Foods with backgrounds from several of the largest international food supply chain organizations.

In addition, Sadot Agri-Foods has onboarded a team of seasoned industry professionals in Brazil to form the most recent subsidiary – Sadot Brasil Ltda ("Sadot Brazil"). These agreements mark a significant milestone for Sadot Agri-Foods as it provides access to new trade routes originating in North, Central, and South America with destinations to various markets in Central and South America, as well as considerably enhancing its sourcing capabilities in one of the most important agricultural production regions worldwide. The planned Americas trade routes are intended to generate accretive value for the Company by tapping into the thriving market demand for agricultural products across Central and South America. This planned expansion is expected to further enhance Sadot Agri-Foods’ position as an emerging entity in the global commodity trading industry.

Through our subsidiaries, we operate within the global food-supply chain, in an effort to integrate capabilities and create a sustainable and innovative company, that enhances the social, environmental and financial value to our Company.

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Our Industry

Sadot Agri-Foods:

Sadot LLC, through its subsidiaries, Sadot Latam, Sadot Brazil and Sadot Enterprises (Zambia Farm), operates to enhance global food security by establishing a sustainable and integrated supply-chain within the international Agri-food commodity industry that includes shipping, sourcing, farming and production. Our current primary focus is on farming, trading and shipping food and feed commodity items such as soy meal, corn and wheat between countries via containers or cargo ships. These shipments enhance global food security by providing raw materials and ingredients to various food manufacturers as part of the overall food supply chain.

Sadot Latam: On May 19, 2023, the Company expanded its Sadot Agri-Foods subsidiary within the agri-commodity sourcing and trading operations into North, Central and South America, further diversifying the Company’s geographic reach beyond its existing operations in Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa. The expansion was facilitated by a 5 year consulting agreement signed on June 14, 2023, providing for an annual consulting fee of $0.5 million per year and potential profit sharing calculated on a quarterly basis, between Sadot Agri-Foods’ operations and newly-formed Buenaventura Trading LLC (“Buenaventura”) based in Miami FL. Buenaventura, led by Fausto Plaza, seasoned trade and finance professional, and a team of experienced trading consultants with backgrounds from several of the largest international food supply chain organizations, provides exposure to new trade routes throughout the Americas.

Sadot Enterprises: Sadot Farm Operations ("Sadot Zambia" is 100% owned by Sadot Enterprises Limited, which is 70% owned by Sadot LLC) includes approximately 5,000 acres of farmland in the Mkushi Region of Zambia which was acquired in August of 2023. Farm operations are focused on the supply of grains (soy, corn and wheat) as well as tree crops (mango and avocado).

Sadot Brazil: This is the company’s most recent subsidiary. The Brazilian subsidiary is managed by Paulo de Sa and Flavio de Campos, two well-known industry veterans, who’ve gathered a team of professionals in commodity farming, sourcing, financing and logistics, to operate the Brazilian operations.

Sadot Food Service:

Over the past 6 months, the Company has been implementing its announced strategy to convert all of its corporately owned and operated locations into franchise owned locations. This strategy will position the division, once complete, to potentially divest the restaurants allowing the company to focus on its new international Agri-Foods supply chain business segments.

Muscle Maker Grill Restaurants (“Muscle Maker Grill”): our Muscle Maker Grill restaurants are fast-casual style restaurants specializing in “healthier for you” high quality, made to order, lean protein-based meals. Our products are made to order. The menu features bowls, wraps, salads and burgers. We also offer protein shakes and fruit smoothies along with meal plans and catering.

SuperFit Foods Meal Prep (“SuperFit Foods”): The business operates with a centralized kitchen that prepares all meals for distribution to consumers twice per week. This is a subscription-based business model where consumers order their meals via the SuperFitfoods.com website and are charged automatically every week. There are over 150 meal plan options to choose from as well as various healthy juices, snacks and desserts. Meal plans are delivered twice per week to company owned coolers placed in various fitness locations throughout the Jacksonville Florida market. Meal plans focus on specific dietary needs such as vegetarian, high protein, gluten free and low calorie.

Pokemoto Hawaiian Poke restaurants (“Pokemoto”): Pokemoto restaurants are fast-casual style restaurants that specialize in Hawaiian inspired poke bowls, wraps and salads. Poke is native Hawaiian cuisine made up of diced fresh fish served as an appetizer or main course with strong influences of Japanese and Korean cuisine.

Our Strategy

With the substantial pivot in the company’s strategy over the past year, the Company will be focusing its growth on the international Agri-Foods supply-chain, including farming, commodity trade and shipping operations and is actively seeking alternatives to its legacy restaurant business. Our goal is to continue enhancing the Sadot Group, Inc. global operations by creating a comprehensive, global Agri-Foods company that stretches from sustainable farming, agricultural commodity shipping and trading, distribution and production.

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Our strategy for both our Muscle Maker Grill and Pokemoto brands is to focus on converting company owned and operated locations into franchise owned and operated locations or closing underperforming locations. The Company currently owns and operates only six locations with the remainder franchise owned.

Our Strengths

Sadot Agri-Foods

Sadot LLC (“Sadot Agri-Foods”): Sadot Group’s largest operating unit is a global Agri-Foods company engaged in farming, commodity trading and shipping of food and feed (e.g., soybean meal, wheat and corn) via dry bulk cargo ships to/from markets such as Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, China, Columbia, Ecuador, Egypt, Guinea, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, United States and Vietnam, among others. Sadot Agri-Foods competes with companies such as the ABCD commodity companies (ADM, Bunge, Cargill, Louis-Dreyfus) as well as many regional organizations. The environment in which Sadot operates is populated with large, multi-layered, and cumbersome companies. The Sadot Group is an efficient and agile operation, with the ability to take advantage of arising opportunities in a constantly growing and evolving industry. The Company’s geographical, operational, financial and product diversification, and expose us to unique opportunities worldwide.

The Company's operational teams are all industry professionals, with decades of experience working for multinational companies, bringing their reputation, industry know-how and work practices to the group. The professionals in charge of devising and implementing the Company’s strategy and overseeing the day-to-day operations, are all well-versed and recognized in the Agri-food commodity supply-chain industry. This experience enables the Company to gain recognition amongst the Company's operational and financial counterparts. The Company is establishing its presence in the important production, finance and operational hubs throughout the world.

The Company’s first operating Farm, located in Mkushi, Zambia provides a reliable supply of grains and tree crops (mango and avocado), and is an important asset in a region that is highly focused on food security. Through the Mkushi Farm, the Company intends to seek out ESG (environmental, social, governance) related projects, with the goal of enhancing the local communities in various aspects, such as the pilot project we initiated to provide farm inputs (seeds, fertilizers etc) to small farm owners in the region.

Sadot Food Service

We believe that our brands: Muscle Maker Grill, Pokemoto and Superfit Foods, are all unique and cater to the current trends of food in the United States. There are currently 33 Pokemoto locations operating, 14 Muscle Maker Grill locations and our meal-prep Superfit Foods location.

Our Franchise Program

Overview: We use a franchising strategy to increase new restaurant growth, especially as we focus on growing the Pokemoto brand, in the United States market, leveraging the ownership of entrepreneurs with specific local market expertise and requiring a relatively minimal capital commitment by us. We believe the franchise revenue generated from our franchise base has historically served as an important source of stable and recurring cash flows to us and, as such, we plan to expand our base of franchised restaurants. We have signed over 20 franchise agreements and opened over 15 new locations since January 2023. We currently have over 60 franchise agreements sold, but not yet opened. In existing markets, we encourage growth from current franchisees. In our expansion markets, we seek highly motivated and entrepreneurial new franchisees for single-unit or multi-unit development opportunities. We market our franchise opportunities with the support of a franchising section on our website, social media, trade shows and other marketing tactics.

Franchise Agreements:

The franchise agreements currently:

•Have terms for 10 through 20 years, with termination dates ranging from 2023 until 2041. These agreements are generally renewable for terms ranging from 5 to 10 years.

•Provide for the payment of initial franchise fees ranging from $5.0 thousand to $35.0 thousand.

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•Require the payment of on-going royalty payments ranging from 2% to 6% of net sales at the franchise location. In addition, franchisees contribute ranging from 1% to 2% (total) of net sales to the marketing and brand development/advertising fund.

•Franchisees are licensed the right to use the Muscle Maker Grill® or Pokemoto® trademarks, its confidential operating manual and other intellectual property in connection with the operation of a Muscle Maker Grill or Pokemoto restaurant at a location authorized by us.

•Franchisees are granted a protected territory prohibiting the establishment of another Muscle Maker Grill or Pokemoto restaurant within a geographic territory, the scope of which is the subject of negotiation between Muscle Maker Development LLC or Poke Co Holdings LLC and the franchisee.

•Franchisees are required to offer only those food products that are authorized by Muscle Maker Development LLC or Poke Co Holdings LLC, prepared using our proprietary recipes; and may obtain most supplies only from suppliers that are approved or designated by Muscle Maker Development LLC or Poke Co Holdings LLC. Muscle Maker Development LLC or Poke Co Holdings LLC receives rebates from various vendors or distributors based on total system wide purchases.

•As partial consideration for payment of the initial franchise fee and on-going royalties, Muscle Maker Development LLC or Poke Co Holdings LLC loans its franchisees a copy of its confidential operating manual.

•Administers the advertising/brand development fund and provides franchisees with preopening and on-going assistance including site selection assistance, preopening training, and in-term training.

Our Intellectual Property

We have registered Pokemoto®, SuperFit Foods®, Muscle Maker Grill® and certain other names used by our restaurants as trademarks or service marks with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and Muscle Maker Grill® in one foreign country. Our brand campaign, Great Food with Your Health in Mind™, Get in the Aloha State of Mind™, and Meal Prep and Chill™ have also been approved for registration with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. In addition, the Muscle Maker Grill, Pokemoto and SuperFit Foods logos, recipes, trade dress, packaging, website name and address and Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and other social media and internet accounts are our intellectual property. We maintain the recipe for our healthy inspired recipes, as well as certain proprietary standards, specifications and operating procedures, as trade secrets or confidential proprietary information.

Our Competition

Sadot Agri-Foods

Sadot Agri-Foods operates in the global agri-food industry. We have significant competition in the markets in which we operate based principally on price, foreign exchange rates, quality, global supply and alternative products. Given the commodity-based nature of our business, Sadot, on an ongoing basis, expects to focus on managing unit costs and improving efficiency through technology improvements and productivity enhancements. We also compete with local farming operations within the countries we own farmland.

Sadot Food Service

We operate in the restaurant industry, which is highly competitive and fragmented. The number, size and strength of competitors vary by region. Our competition includes a variety of locally owned restaurants and national and regional chains that offer dine-in, carry-out and delivery services as well as meal prep companies. Our competition in the broadest perspective includes restaurants, pizza parlors, convenience food stores, delicatessens, supermarkets, third party delivery services, direct to consumer meal prep and club stores. However, we indirectly compete with fast-casual restaurants, including Chipotle and Panera Bread, among others, and with healthy inspired fast-casual restaurants, such as Pokeworks, Freshii and Veggie Grill as well as direct-to-consumer meal prep such as Freshly, among others.

We believe competition within the fast-casual restaurant and meal prep segments is based primarily on ambience, price, taste, quality and the freshness of the menu items. We also believe that QSR competition is based primarily on quality, taste, speed of service, value, brand recognition, restaurant location and customer service.

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As consumer preferences continue to evolve into healthier eating options, most restaurants are developing healthier menu choices. As more restaurants offer healthier options, the competition for our product offerings becomes more intense and could pose a significant threat to future revenues. However, we believe our experience, size and flexibility allows Sadot Group, Inc’s portfolio of Companies to adapt faster than many other restaurant concepts.

Our Corporate Structure

Overview: Sadot Group, Inc. serves as a holding company of the following subsidiaries:

•Muscle Maker Development, LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on July 18, 2019, for the purpose of running our existing franchise operations and continuing to franchise the Muscle Maker Grill name and business system to qualified franchisees.

•Muscle Maker Corp. LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on July 18, 2019, for the purposes operating existing corporate restaurants.

•Muscle Maker USA, Inc., a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Texas on March 14, 2019, for the purpose of holding specific assets related to a company financing arrangement.

•Muscle Maker Development International. LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on November 13, 2020, to franchise the Muscle Maker Grill name and business system to qualified franchisees internationally.

•SuperFit Foods, LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on February 23, 2021, for the purpose of running our subscription based meal prep business located in Jacksonville, Florida.

•Pokemoto LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on August 19, 2021, to serve as a holding company of the following subsidiaries.

•GLL Enterprises LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Connecticut for the purpose of running our existing Company-owned location.

•Pokemoto Orange Park LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on March 31, 2022 for the purpose of running Company-owned locations.

•Pokemoto Kansas LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on July 28, 2022 for the purpose of running Company-owned locations.

•Poke Co Holdings LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Connecticut on July 18, 2018 to franchise the Pokemoto name and business system to qualified franchisees.

•Sadot LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Delaware on October 19, 2022 to participate in activities such as sourcing, distributing and production of agri-food products.

•Sadot Latam LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which has expanded its agri-food sourcing and trading operations into North, Central and South America, further diversifying the Company’s geographic reach beyond its existing operations in Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa.

•Sadot Enterprises, Ltd (Farming Operations), a directly 70% owned subsidiary, ventured into crop farm production in Southern Africa with a focus on major commodities like wheat, soy, and corn, alongside high-value tree crops such as avocado and mango.

•Sadot Brasil Ltda, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which has expanded its agri-food sourcing and trading operations from North, Central and South America, considerably enhancing the Company’s sourcing capabilities in one of the world’s most important production regions.

•Sadot LLC of Mauritius, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which has expanded our banking and financing opportunities for the agri-food businesses.

Item 1.A. Risk Factors

You should carefully review the risks described below as they identify important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements, expectations and historical trends. Any of the following risk factors, either by itself or together with other risk factors, could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and/or financial condition.

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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic has had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and continues to have, a significant impact around the world causing a disruption of global financial markets and increased levels of unemployment and economic uncertainty. Since early 2020, government officials around the world, including in the countries where we operate, have imposed measures in response to the pandemic, including vaccination and masking requirements, protocols related to workplace activities, travel and large gathering restrictions, social distancing requirements, quarantines and shelter-in-place and stay-at-home orders. Certain of these restrictions remain in place today. The COVID-19 pandemic has curtailed global economic activity and caused significant volatility and disruption in global financial markets. During the course of the pandemic, we have not seen a significant disruption in our supply chain and we have been able to mitigate logistics and distribution issues that have arisen, and substantially all of our facilities around the world have continued to operate at or near normal levels. We have, however, experienced minor temporary workforce disruptions in our supply chain as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including increased labor shortages and increased turnover. We have established an internal task force to closely monitor developments related to the pandemic and have implemented employee safety measures based on guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization, and local requirements and guidelines, across all our facilities, including proper hygiene, social distancing, mask use, and temperature screenings. We continue to closely monitor developments related to the pandemic to ensure the health and safety of our employees. While all facilities are currently operating normally, our internal task force is prepared to re-establish safety measures and protocols should infection rates increase. We continue to monitor local, regional, and national governmental actions that could limit or restrict the movement of agricultural commodities or products or otherwise disrupt physical product flows or our ability to operate in the future.

Any future impacts of COVID-19 or any new pandemic may adversely affect our operations, major facilities, or employees’ and consumers’ health and negatively impact general commercial activity related to our supply chain and customer base. The extent to which we will be impacted by COVID-19 or any new pandemic is difficult to predict and cannot be estimated with any degree of certainty and will depend on many factors outside of our control. These factors include the timing, extent, trajectory and duration of any pandemic, the emergence of new COVID-19 variants, the development, availability, distribution and effectiveness of vaccines and treatments, the imposition of protective public safety measures, and the impact of the pandemic on the global economy. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic or any new pandemic adversely affects our business, results of operations, financial condition and share price, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this Item 1A.

Inflationary pressures across all services, equipment, commodities, labor, rent and other areas of the business may cause a negative impact on our financial results if we are not able to pass these increased costs in the form of price increases to consumers or find alternative options to reduce costs.

The global supply chain is currently experiencing extensive inflationary pressures across most segments of the economy. While these increases may be temporary, we may have to implement price increases in order to maintain acceptable margins. We have no ability to predict how long these increased costs will last and if consumers will be able or willing to accept retail price increases, decreased portion sizes, alternative ingredients or other measures to offset the overall rise in our cost structure. Without being able to pass along these increases in costs to consumers, we may experience a negative impact on our margins.

We will need additional capital to fund our operations, which, if obtained, could result in substantial dilution or significant debt service obligations. We may not be able to obtain additional capital on commercially reasonable terms, which could adversely affect our liquidity and financial position.

In order to continue operating, we may need to obtain additional financing, either through borrowings, private placements, public offerings, or some type of business combination, such as a merger, or buyout, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in such pursuits. We may be unable to acquire the additional funding necessary to continue operating. Accordingly, if we are unable to generate adequate cash from operations, and if we are unable to find sources of funding, it may be necessary for us to sell one or more lines of business or all or a portion of our assets, enter into a business combination, or reduce or eliminate operations. These possibilities, to the extent available, may be on terms that result in significant dilution to our shareholders or that result in our shareholders losing all of their investment in our Company.

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We require significant capital in relation to our Sadot operations, including continuing access to credit markets, to operate our current business and fund our growth strategy. Our working capital requirements, including margin requirements on open positions on futures exchanges, are directly affected by the price of agricultural commodities, which may fluctuate significantly and change quickly. Moreover, the expansion of our business and pursuit of acquisitions or other business opportunities may require significant amounts of capital. Access to credit markets and pricing of our capital is dependent upon maintaining sufficient credit ratings from credit rating agencies. Sufficient credit ratings allow us to access cost competitive tier one commercial paper markets. If we are unable to maintain sufficiently high credit ratings, access to these commercial paper and other debt markets and costs of borrowings could be adversely affected. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or maintain access to adequate external financing, including as a result of significant disruptions in the global credit markets, it could restrict our current operations and our growth opportunities. We manage this risk with constant monitoring of credit/liquidity metrics, cash forecasting, and routine communications with credit rating agencies regarding risk management practices.

LIBOR (London Interbank Offered rate) was discontinued June 2023. Our variable rate debt, credit facilities, certain derivative agreements, and commercial agreements may use LIBOR as a benchmark for establishing interest rates. Although we do not expect that a transition from LIBOR will have a material adverse impact on its financing costs, the Company continues to monitor developments.

If we need to raise additional capital, we do not know what the terms of any such capital raising would be. In addition, any future sale of our equity securities could dilute the ownership and control of your shares and could be at prices substantially below prices at which our shares currently trade. We may seek to increase our cash reserves through the sale of additional equity or debt securities. The sale of convertible debt securities or additional equity securities could result in additional and potentially substantial dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations and liquidity. In addition, our ability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms is subject to a variety of uncertainties. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure to raise additional funds on favorable terms could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition.

We are subject to global and regional economic downturns and related risks.

The level of demand for our products is affected by global and regional demographic and macroeconomic conditions, including population growth rates and changes in standards of living. A significant downturn in global economic growth, or recessionary conditions in major geographic regions, may lead to reduced demand for agricultural commodities and food products, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Further, deteriorating economic and political conditions in our major markets, such as inflation, increased unemployment, decreases in disposable income, declines in consumer confidence, uncertainty about economic stability, or economic slowdowns or recessions, could cause a decrease in demand for our products.

Additionally, weak global economic conditions and adverse conditions in global financial and capital markets, including rising interest rates and constraints on the availability of credit, have in the past adversely affected, and may in the future adversely affect, the financial condition and creditworthiness of the financial institutions that serve as our lenders and as counterparties to the over-the-counter derivative instruments we use to manage risks and some of our customers, suppliers, and other counterparties, which in turn may negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations. Over the course of the last year, concerns have arisen with respect to the financial condition of a number of regional banking organizations in the United States and global financial institutions. Although our exposure has been de minimis to these financial institutions, we continue to monitor our counterparty exposure across all of the financial services companies with which we conduct business. See “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item 7.A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” for more information.

In 2023, certain of our raw material input costs increased materially and at a rapid rate. We expect the pressures of input cost inflation to continue into 2024. Further the United States has reported and is continuing to report weaker GDP growth, with some economists forecasting a continuation of these conditions in 2024. Brazil is experiencing a slowing GDP growth rate coupled with relatively high interest rates, which may result in an uncertain economic and political environment that could inturn lead to reduced demand for our refined and specialty oils and milling products in the country. Argentina has experienced hyperinflation, high fiscal deficit and negative GDP growth in recent quarters, and faces additional uncertainty in connection with the newly-elected President's anticipated economic and monetary policies. Additionally, a slowdown in China's economy over a prolonged period, including as a result of population decline, real estate crisis and other factors, could lead to reduced global demand for agricultural commodities. To the extent that such economic and political

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conditions negatively impact consumer and business confidence and consumption patterns or volumes, our business and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected.

We face intense competition in our markets, which could negatively impact our business.

Our Company faces significant competition in each of its businesses and has numerous competitors, who can be different depending upon each of the business segments in which we participate. We compete for the acquisition of inputs such as raw materials, transportation services, and other materials and supplies, as well as for workforce and talent.

The restaurant industry is intensely competitive, and we compete with many well-established food service companies on the basis of product choice, quality, affordability, service and location. We expect competition in each of our markets to continue to be intense because consumer trends are favoring limited-service restaurants that offer healthy-inspired menu items made with better quality products, and many limited-service restaurants are responding to these trends. With few barriers to entry, our competitors include a variety of independent local operators, in addition to well-capitalized regional, national and international restaurant chains, meal prep and franchises, and new competitors may emerge at any time. Furthermore, delivery aggregators and food delivery services provide consumers with convenient access to a broad range of competing restaurant chains and food retailers, particularly in urbanized areas. Each of our brands also competes for qualified franchisees, suitable restaurant locations and management and personnel. Our ability to compete will depend on the success of our plans to improve existing products, to develop and roll-out new products, to effectively respond to consumer preferences and to manage the complexity of restaurant operations as well as the impact of our competitors’ actions. In addition, our long-term success will depend on our ability to strengthen our customers’ digital experience through expanded mobile ordering, delivery and social interaction. Some of our competitors have substantially greater financial resources, higher revenues and greater economies of scale than we do. These advantages may allow them to implement their operational strategies more quickly or effectively than we can or benefit from changes in technologies, which could harm our competitive position. These competitive advantages may be exacerbated in a difficult economy, thereby permitting our competitors to gain market share. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully respond to changing consumer preferences, including with respect to new technologies and alternative methods of delivery. If we are unable to maintain our competitive position, we could experience lower demand for products, downward pressure on prices, reduced margins, an inability to take advantage of new business opportunities, a loss of market share, reduced franchisee profitability and an inability to attract qualified franchisees in the future. Any of these competitive factors may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Competition in our Agri-food division impacts our ability to generate and increase our gross profit as a result of the following factors: Pricing of our products is partly dependent upon industry processing capacity, which is impacted by competitor actions to bring idled capacity on-line, build new production capacity or execute aggressive consolidation; many of the products bought and sold by our Company are global commodities or are derived from global commodities that are highly price competitive and, in many cases, subject to substitution; significant changes in exchange rates of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar, particularly the currencies of major crop growing countries, could also make goods and products of these countries more competitive than U.S. products; improved yields in different crop growing regions may reduce the reliance on origination territories in which we have a significant presence; and continued merger and acquisition activities resulting in further consolidations could result in greater cost competitiveness and global scale of certain players in the industry, especially when acquirers are state-owned and/or backed by public funds and have profit and return objectives that may differ from publicly traded enterprises. To compete effectively, our Company focuses on diversifying product origins and destinations, financing options and structures, safely improving efficiency in its production and distribution operations, developing and maintaining appropriate market presence, maintaining a high level of product safety and quality, supporting socially responsible and sustainable practices, promoting environmental responsibility, and working with customers to develop new products and tailored solutions.

We are vulnerable to changes in consumer preferences and economic conditions that could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

Food service businesses depend on consumer discretionary spending and are often affected by changes in consumer tastes, national, regional and local economic conditions and demographic trends. Factors such as traffic patterns, weather, fuel prices, local demographics, location closures specific to our military and university locations and the type, number and locations of competing restaurants may adversely affect the performances of individual locations. In addition, economic downturns, wage rates, health insurance costs, third-party delivery services and fees, supplies of key ingredients especially tuna and salmon at our Pokemoto division or chicken at our Muscle Maker Grill locations, inflation or increased food or energy costs could harm the restaurant industry in general and our locations in particular. Adverse changes in any of these

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factors could reduce consumer traffic or impose practical limits on pricing that could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow. There can be no assurance that consumers will continue to regard healthy-inspired fast food favorably or that we will be able to develop new menu items that appeal to consumer preferences. Our business, financial condition and results of operations depend in part on our ability to anticipate, identify and respond to changing consumer preferences and economic conditions. In addition, the restaurant industry is currently under heightened legal and legislative scrutiny related to menu labeling and resulting from the perception that the practices of restaurant companies have contributed to nutritional, caloric intake, obesity or other health concerns of their guests. If we are unable to adapt to changes in consumer preferences and trends, we may lose customers and our revenues may decline or our costs to produce our products could significantly increase.

Our restaurant division growth strategy depends in part on opening new restaurants in existing and new markets and expanding our franchise system, especially in our Pokemoto division. We may be unsuccessful in opening new Company-operated or franchised restaurants or establishing new markets, which could adversely affect our growth.

As part of our long-term growth strategy, we may enter into geographic markets in which we have little or no prior operating or franchising experience through Company-operated restaurant growth and through franchise development agreements. The challenges of entering new markets include but are not limited to: difficulties in hiring experienced personnel; unfamiliarity with local real estate markets and demographics; food distribution networks; lack of marketing efficiencies; operational support efficiencies; consumer unfamiliarity with our brand; and different competitive and economic conditions, consumer tastes and discretionary spending patterns that are more difficult to predict or satisfy than in our existing markets. Consumer recognition of our brand has been important to Company-operated and franchised restaurants in our existing markets. Restaurants we open in new markets may take longer to reach expected sales and profit levels on a consistent basis and may have higher construction, occupancy and operating costs than existing restaurants, thereby affecting our overall profitability. Any failure on our part to recognize or respond to these challenges may adversely affect the success of any new restaurants. Expanding our franchise system could require the implementation, expense and successful management of enhanced business support systems, management information systems and financial controls as well as additional staffing, franchise support and capital expenditures and working capital.

Opening new restaurants in existing markets may negatively impact sales at our and our franchisees’ existing restaurants.

The consumer target area of our and our franchisees’ restaurants varies by location, depending on a number of factors, including population density, other local retail and business attractions, area demographics and geography. As a result, the opening of a new restaurant in or near markets in which we or our franchisees’ already have restaurants could adversely impact sales at these existing restaurants. Existing restaurants could also make it more difficult to build our and our franchisees’ consumer base for a new restaurant in the same market. Our core business strategy does not entail opening new restaurants that we believe will materially affect sales at our or our franchisees’ existing restaurants. However, we cannot guarantee there will not be a significant impact in some cases, and we may selectively open new restaurants in and around areas of existing restaurants that are operating at or near capacity to effectively serve our customers. Sales cannibalization between our restaurants may become significant in the future as we continue to expand our operations and could affect our sales growth, which could, in turn, materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The financial performance of our franchisees can negatively impact our business as we rely on an aggressive unit sales strategy.

Our revenue projections consist of both Company-operated and franchised locations. Our growth plans call for an aggressive approach to Pokemoto franchise unit level sales and subsequent openings. Over 80% of our restaurants are franchised as of December 31, 2023, our financial results are dependent in significant part upon the operational and financial success of our franchisees. In the event we cannot meet these forecasts due to the inability to sell franchise locations in certain states, are prevented from selling franchises due to historical performance, government regulations, licensing, state registrations, or other factors, we will have a material negative impact on future revenues. Our revenue model and cash flows rely heavily on initial franchise fees, ongoing 2% to 6% royalties of total net sales and vendor rebates on total purchases and services from franchised locations. A significant reduction in the total number of units sold and subsequently opened would have a material adverse effect on future revenues. We also collect rebates from some vendors supplying franchisees for food purchases, services and materials. We have established operational standards and guidelines for our franchisees; however, we have limited control over how our franchisees’ businesses are run. While we are responsible for the anticipated success of our entire system of restaurants and for taking a longer-term view with respect to system improvements, our franchisees have individual business strategies and objectives, which might conflict with our

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interests. Our franchisees may not be able to secure adequate financing to open or continue operating their Muscle Maker Grill or Pokemoto restaurants. If they incur too much debt or if economic or sales trends deteriorate such that they are unable to repay existing debt, our franchisees could experience financial distress or even bankruptcy. If a significant number of franchisees become financially distressed, it could harm our operating results through reduced royalty revenues and the impact on our profitability could be greater than the percentage decrease in the royalty revenues. Closure of franchised restaurants would reduce our royalty revenues and other sources of income and could negatively impact margins, since we may not be able to reduce fixed costs which we continue to incur.

The interests of our franchisees may conflict with ours or yours in the future and we could face liability from our franchisees or related to our relationship with our franchisees.

Franchisees, as independent business operators, may from time to time disagree with us and our strategies regarding the business or our interpretation of our respective rights and obligations under the franchise agreement and the terms and conditions of the franchisee/franchisor relationship. This may lead to disputes with our franchisees, and we expect such disputes to occur from time to time in the future as we continue to offer franchises. Such disputes may result in legal action against us. To the extent we have such disputes, the attention, time and financial resources of our management and our franchisees will be diverted from our restaurants, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows even if we have a successful outcome in the dispute.

In addition, various state and federal laws govern our relationship with our franchisees and our potential sale of a franchise. A franchisee and/or a government agency may bring legal action against us based on the franchisee/franchisor relationships that could result in the award of damages to franchisees and/or the imposition of fines or other penalties against us.

We have limited control with respect to the operations of our franchisees, which could have a negative impact on our business.

Franchisees are independent business operators and are not our employees, and we do not exercise control over the day-to-day operations of their restaurants. We provide training and support to franchisees, and set and monitor operational standards, but the quality of franchised restaurants may be diminished by any number of factors beyond our control. Consequently, franchisees may not successfully operate restaurants in a manner consistent with our standards and requirements or may not hire and train qualified managers and other restaurant personnel. If franchisees do not operate to our expectations, our image and reputation, and the image and reputation of other franchisees, may suffer materially and system-wide sales could decline significantly, which would reduce our royalty and other revenues, and the impact on profitability could be greater than the percentage decrease in royalties and fees.

The challenging economic environment may affect our franchisees, with adverse consequences to us.

We rely in part on our franchisees and the manner in which they operate their locations to develop and promote our business. Due to the continuing challenging economic environment, it is possible that some franchisees could file for bankruptcy or become delinquent in their payments to us, which could have a significant adverse impact on our business due to loss or delay in payments of royalties, elimination of vendor rebates on franchisee purchases, contributions to our marketing development fund and brand development/advertising funds and other fees. Bankruptcies by our franchisees could prevent us from terminating their franchise agreements so that we can offer their territories to other franchisees, negatively impact our market share and operating results as we may have fewer well-performing restaurants, and adversely impact our ability to attract new franchisees.

We cannot be certain that the developers and franchisees we select will have the business acumen or financial resources necessary to open and operate successful franchises in their franchise areas, and state franchise laws may limit our ability to terminate or modify these franchise arrangements. Moreover, franchisees may not successfully operate restaurants in a manner consistent with our standards and requirements or may not hire and train qualified managers and other restaurant personnel. The failure of developers and franchisees to open and operate franchises successfully could have a material adverse effect on us, our reputation, our brand and our ability to attract prospective franchisees and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Franchisees may not have access to the financial or management resources that they need to open the restaurants contemplated by their agreements with us or be able to find suitable sites on which to develop them. Franchisees may not be able to negotiate an acceptable lease or purchase terms for restaurant sites, obtain the necessary permits and government approvals or meet construction schedules. Any of these problems could slow our growth and reduce our franchise revenues.

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Additionally, our franchisees typically depend on financing from banks and other financial institutions, which may not always be available to them, in order to construct and open new restaurants. For these reasons, franchisees operating under development agreements may not be able to meet the new restaurant opening dates required under those agreements.

Food safety and quality concerns may negatively impact our business and profitability, our internal operational controls and standards may not always be met, and our employees may not always act professionally, responsibly and in our and our customers’ best interests. Any possible instances of food-borne illness could reduce our restaurant sales.

Food-borne illnesses, such as E. coli, Listeria, Salmonella, Cyclospora and Trichinosis, and food safety issues, such as food tampering, contamination (including with respect to allergens) and adulteration or food- or beverage-borne illness, occur or may occur within our system from time to time. Furthermore, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there are now stricter health regulations and guidelines and increased public concern over food safety standards and controls. Any report or publicity linking us or one of our Concepts’ restaurants or linking our competitors or the retail food industry generally, to instances of food- or beverage-borne illness or food safety issues, could adversely affect us and possibly lead to product liability claims, litigation, governmental investigations or actions, and damages. Moreover, the reliance of our concepts’ restaurants on third-party food suppliers and distributors and increasing reliance on food delivery aggregators increases the risk that food or beverage-borne illness incidents and food safety issues could be caused by factors outside of our direct control. If a customer of one of our Concepts’ restaurants becomes ill from food or beverage-borne illnesses or as a result of food safety issues, restaurants in our system may be temporarily closed, which could disrupt our operations and materially and adversely affect our business. In addition, instances or allegations of food or beverage-borne illness or food safety issues, real or perceived, involving our restaurants, restaurants of competitors, or our suppliers or distributors (regardless of whether we use or have used those suppliers or distributors), or otherwise involving the types of food served at our restaurants, could result in negative publicity that could adversely affect either our or our concepts’ franchisees’ revenues and profits. The occurrence of food or beverage-borne illnesses or food safety issues could also adversely affect the price and availability of affected ingredients, which could result in disruptions in our supply chain and/or lower margins for us and our Concepts’ franchisees.

The volatile credit and capital markets could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

Our ability to manage our debt is dependent on our level of cash flow from Company-operated and franchised restaurants, net of costs. An economic downturn may negatively impact our cash flows. Credit and capital markets can be volatile, which could make it more difficult for us to refinance our existing debt or to obtain additional debt or equity financings in the future. Such constraints could increase our costs of borrowing and could restrict our access to other potential sources of future liquidity. Our failure to have sufficient liquidity to make interest and other payments required by our debt could result in a default of such debt and acceleration of our borrowings, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. The lack of availability or access to build-to-suit leases and equipment financing leases could result in a decreased number of new restaurants and have a negative impact on our growth.

The personal information that we collect may be vulnerable to breach, theft or loss that could adversely affect our reputation, results of operation and financial condition.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, process, transmit and retain personal information regarding our employees and their families, our franchisees, vendors and consumers, which can include social security numbers, social insurance numbers, banking and tax identification information, health care information, usernames and passwords and credit card information and our franchisees collect similar information. Some of this personal information is held and managed by our franchisees and certain of our vendors. A third-party may be able to circumvent the security and business controls we use to limit access and use of personal information, which could result in a breach of employee, consumer or franchisee privacy. A major breach, theft or loss of personal information regarding our employees and their families, our franchisees, vendors or consumers that is held by us or our vendors could result in substantial fines, penalties, indemnification claims and potential litigation against us which could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition. As a result of legislative and regulatory rules, we may be required to notify the owners of the personal information of any data breaches, which could harm our reputation and financial results, as well as subject us to litigation or actions by regulatory authorities. Furthermore, media or other reports of existing or perceived security vulnerabilities in our systems or those of our franchisees or vendors, even if no breach has been attempted or has occurred, can adversely impact our brand and reputation, and thereby materially impact our business.

Significant capital investments and other expenditures could be required to remedy a breach and prevent future problems, including costs associated with additional security technologies, personnel, experts and credit monitoring services for those

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whose data has been breached. These costs, which could be material, could adversely impact our results of operations during the period in which they are incurred. The techniques and sophistication used to conduct cyber-attacks and breaches, as well as the sources and targets of these attacks, change frequently and are often not recognized until such attacks are launched or have been in place for a period of time. Accordingly, our expenditures to prevent future cyber-attacks or breaches may not be successful.

Information technology system failures or interruptions or breaches of our network security may interrupt our operations, subject us to increased operating costs and expose us to litigation.

As our reliance on technology has increased, so have the risks posed to our systems. We rely heavily on our computer systems and network infrastructure across operations including, but not limited to, point-of-sale processing at our restaurants, online/web-based transactions at SuperFit Foods and third-party delivery and loyalty apps as well as the systems of our third-party vendors to whom we outsource certain administrative functions. Despite our implementation of security measures, all of our technology systems are vulnerable to damage, disruption or failures due to physical theft, fire, power loss, telecommunications failure or other catastrophic events, as well as from problems with transitioning to upgraded or replacement systems, internal and external security breaches, denial of service attacks, viruses, worms and other disruptive problems caused by hackers. If any of our technology systems were to fail, and we were unable to recover in a timely way, we could experience an interruption in our operations. Furthermore, if unauthorized access to or use of our systems were to occur, data related to our proprietary information could be compromised. The occurrence of any of these incidents could have a material adverse effect on our future financial condition and results of operations. To the extent that some of our reporting systems require or rely on manual processes, it could increase the risk of a breach due to human error.

In addition, we receive and maintain certain personal information about our customers, franchisees and employees, and our franchisees receive and maintain similar information. For example, in connection with credit card transactions, we and our franchisees collect and transmit confidential credit card information by way of retail networks. We also maintain important internal data, such as personally identifiable information about our employees and franchisees and information relating to our operation. Our use of personally identifiable information is regulated by applicable laws and regulations. If our security and information systems or those of our franchisees are compromised or our business associates fail to comply with these laws and regulations and this information is obtained by unauthorized persons or used inappropriately, it could adversely affect our reputation, as well as our restaurant operations and results of operations and financial condition. As privacy and information security laws and regulations change, we may incur additional costs to ensure that we remain in compliance.

Further, the standards for systems currently used for transmission and approval of electronic payment transactions, and the technology utilized in electronic payment themselves, all of which can put electronic payment data at risk, are determined and controlled by the payment card industry, not by us. If someone is able to circumvent our data security measures or that of third parties with whom we do business, including our franchisees, he or she could destroy or steal valuable information or disrupt our operations. Any security breach could expose us to risks of data loss, litigation, liability, and could seriously disrupt our operations. Any resulting negative publicity could significantly harm our reputation and could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.

A number of our systems and processes are not fully integrated and, as a result, require us to manually estimate and consolidate certain information that we use to manage our business. To the extent that we are not able to obtain transparency into our operations from our systems, it could impair the ability of our management to react quickly to changes in the business or economic environment.

We anticipate expanding, upgrading and developing our information technology capabilities. If we are unable to successfully upgrade or expand our technological capabilities, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities, manage our costs and transactional data effectively, satisfy customer requirements, execute our business plan or respond to competitive pressures.

Matters relating to employment and labor law may adversely affect our business.

Various federal and state labor laws govern our relationships with our employees and affect operating costs. These laws include employee classifications as exempt or non-exempt, minimum wage requirements, unemployment tax rates, workers’ compensation rates, citizenship requirements and other wage and benefit requirements for employees classified as non-exempt. Significant additional government regulations and new laws, including mandating increases in minimum wages, changes in exempt and non-exempt status, or mandated benefits such as health insurance could materially affect our

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business, financial condition, operating results or cash flow. Furthermore, if our or our franchisees’ employees unionize, it could materially affect our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flow.

We are also subject in the ordinary course of business to employee claims against us based, among other things, on discrimination, harassment, wrongful termination or violation of wage and labor laws. Such claims could also be asserted against us by employees of our franchisees. Moreover, claims asserted against franchisees may at times be made against us as a franchisor. These claims may divert our financial and management resources that would otherwise be used to benefit our operations. The ongoing expense of any resulting lawsuits, and any substantial settlement payment or damage award against us, could adversely affect our business, brand image, employee recruitment, financial condition, operating results or cash flows.

In addition, various states in which we operate are considering or have already adopted new immigration laws or enforcement programs, and the United States Congress and Department of Homeland Security from time to time consider and may implement changes to federal immigration laws, regulations or enforcement programs as well. Some of these changes may increase our obligations for compliance and oversight, which could subject us to additional costs and make our hiring process more cumbersome or reduce the availability of potential employees. Although we require all workers to provide us with government-specified documentation evidencing their employment eligibility, some of our employees may, without our knowledge, be unauthorized workers. Unauthorized workers are subject to deportation and may subject us to fines or penalties, and if any of our workers are found to be unauthorized, we could experience adverse publicity that negatively impacts our brand and may make it more difficult to hire and keep qualified employees. Termination of a significant number of employees who were unauthorized employees may disrupt our operations, cause temporary increases in our labor costs as we train new employees and result in additional adverse publicity. We could also become subject to fines, penalties and other costs related to claims that we did not fully comply with all recordkeeping obligations of federal and state immigration compliance laws. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Restaurant companies have been the target of class action lawsuits and other proceedings alleging, among other things, violations of federal and state workplace and employment laws. Proceedings of this nature are costly, divert management attention and, if successful, could result in our payment of substantial damages or settlement costs.

Our business is subject to the risk of litigation by employees, consumers, suppliers, franchisees, stockholders or others through private actions, class actions, administrative proceedings, regulatory actions or other litigation. The outcome of litigation, particularly class action and regulatory actions, is difficult to assess or quantify. In recent years, restaurant companies, including us, have been subject to lawsuits, including lawsuits, alleging violations of federal and state laws regarding workplace and employment conditions, discrimination and similar matters. A number of these lawsuits have resulted in the payment of substantial damages by the defendants. Similar lawsuits have been instituted from time-to-time alleging violations of various federal and state wage and hour laws regarding, among other things, employee meal deductions, overtime eligibility of managers and failure to pay for all hours worked.

Occasionally, our customers file complaints or lawsuits against us alleging that we are responsible for some illness or injury they suffered at or after a visit to one of our restaurants, including actions seeking damages resulting from food-borne illness or accidents in our restaurants. We are also subject to a variety of other claims from third parties arising in the ordinary course of our business, including contract claims. The restaurant industry has also been subject to a growing number of claims that the menus and actions of restaurant chains have led to the obesity of certain of their customers. We may also be subject to lawsuits from our employees, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or others alleging violations of federal and state laws regarding workplace and employment conditions, discrimination and similar matters.

Regardless of whether any claims against us are valid or whether we are liable, claims may be expensive to defend and may divert time and money away from our operations and result in increases in our insurance premiums. In addition, they may generate negative publicity, which could reduce customer traffic and sales. Although we maintain what we believe to have adequate levels of insurance, insurance may not be available at all or in sufficient amounts to cover any liabilities with respect to these or other matters. A judgment or other liability in excess of our insurance coverage for any claims or any adverse publicity resulting from claims could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

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We and our franchisees are subject to extensive government regulations that could result in claims leading to increased costs and restrict our ability to operate or sell franchises.

We and our franchisees are subject to extensive government regulation at the federal, state and local government levels. These include, but are not limited to, regulations relating to the preparation and sale of food, zoning and building codes, franchising, land use and employee, health, sanitation and safety matters. We and our franchisees are required to obtain and maintain a wide variety of governmental licenses, permits and approvals. Difficulty or failure in obtaining them in the future could result in delaying or canceling the opening of new restaurants. Local authorities may suspend or deny renewal of our governmental licenses if they determine that our operations do not meet the standards for initial grant or renewal. This risk would be even higher if there were a major change in the licensing requirements affecting our types of restaurants.

These laws and regulations change regularly and are increasingly complex. For example, we are subject to:

•The Americans with Disabilities Act in the U.S. and similar laws that provide protection to individuals with disabilities in the context of employment, public accommodations and other areas.

•The U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act as well as a variety of similar laws, which govern matters such as minimum wages, and overtime, and the U.S. Family and Medical Leave Act as well as a variety of similar laws which provide protected leave rights to employees.

•Employment laws related to workplace health and safety, non-discrimination, non-harassment, whistleblower protections, and other terms and conditions of employment.

•Laws and regulations in government-mandated health care benefits such as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in the U.S.

•Laws and regulations relating to nutritional content, nutritional labeling, product safety, product marketing and menu labeling.

•Laws relating to state and local licensing.

•Laws relating to the relationship between franchisors and franchisees.

•Laws and regulations relating to health, sanitation, food, workplace safety, child labor, including laws regulating the use of certain “hazardous equipment”, building and zoning and fire safety and prevention.

•Laws and regulations relating to union organizing rights and activities.

•Laws relating to information security, privacy (including the European Union’s GDPR and California’s CCPA and CPRA), cashless payments and consumer protection.

•Laws relating to currency conversion or exchange.

•Laws relating to international trade and sanctions.

•Tax laws and regulations.

•Anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the UK Bribery Act.

•Environmental laws and regulations, including with respect to climate change and greenhouse gas emissions.

•Federal and state immigration laws and regulations in the U.S.

•Regulations, health guidelines and safety protocols related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Any failure or alleged failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations or related standards or guidelines could adversely affect our reputation, growth prospects and financial results or result in, among other things, litigation, revocation

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of required licenses, internal investigations, governmental investigations or proceedings, administrative enforcement actions, fines and civil and criminal liability. Publicity relating to any such noncompliance could also harm our Concepts’ reputations and adversely affect our revenues. In addition, the compliance costs associated with complying with new or existing legal requirements could be substantial.

Our Company is subject to numerous laws, regulations, and mandates globally which could adversely affect our operating results and forward strategy.

Our Company does business globally, connecting crops and markets in various countries, and is required to comply with laws and regulations administered by the United States federal government as well as state, local, and non-U.S. governmental authorities in numerous areas including: accounting and income taxes, anti-corruption, anti-bribery, global trade, trade sanctions, environmental, product safety, and handling and production of regulated substances. Our Company might face challenges from U.S. and foreign tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due including questions regarding the timing, amount of deductions, the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions and further risks related to changing tax laws domestically and globally. Any failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations or appropriately resolve these challenges could subject our Company to administrative, civil, and criminal remedies, including fines, penalties, disgorgement, injunctions, and recalls of its products and damage to its reputation.

Government policies, mandates, and regulations specifically affecting the agricultural sector and related industries; regulatory policies or matters that affect a variety of businesses; taxation polices; and political instability could adversely affect our Company’s operating results.

Agricultural production and trade flows are subject to government policies, mandates, regulations and trade agreements, including taxes, tariffs, duties, subsidies, incentives, foreign exchange rates and import and export restrictions, including policies related to genetically modified organisms, traceability standards, sustainable practices, product safety and labeling, renewable fuels, and low carbon fuel mandates. These policies can influence the planting of certain crops; the location and size of crop production; whether unprocessed or processed commodity products are traded; the volume and types of imports and exports; the availability and competitiveness of feedstocks as raw materials; the viability and volume of production of certain of our products; and industry profitability. International trade regulations can adversely affect agricultural commodity trade flows by limiting or disrupting trade between countries or regions. Regulations of financial markets and instruments, including the Dodd-Frank Act, Consumer Protection Act, and the European Market Infrastructure Regulation, create uncertainty and may lead to additional risks and costs, and could adversely affect our futures commission merchant business and our agricultural commodity risk management practices. Future government policies may adversely affect the supply of, demand for, and prices of our products; adversely affect our ability to deploy adequate hedging programs; restrict our ability to do business in our existing and target markets; and adversely affect our revenues and operating results.

Our Company’s operating results could be affected by political instability and by changes in monetary, fiscal, trade, and environmental policies, laws, regulations, and acquisition approvals, creating risks including, but not limited to: changes in a country’s or region’s economic or political conditions, local labor conditions and regulations, and safety and environmental regulations; reduced protection of intellectual property rights; changes in the regulatory or legal environment; restrictions on currency exchange activities; currency exchange fluctuations; burdensome taxes and tariffs; enforceability of legal agreements and judgments; adverse tax, administrative agency or judicial outcomes; and regulation or taxation of greenhouse gases. International risks and uncertainties, including changing social and economic conditions as well as terrorism, political hostilities, and war, could limit our ability to transact business in these markets. Our Company benefits from the free flow of agricultural and food and feed ingredient products from the U.S. and other sources to markets around the world. Increases in tariff and restrictive trade activities around the world (e.g., the U.S.-China trade relations dispute, Iran sanctions) could negatively impact our ability to enter certain markets or the price of products may become less competitive in those markets.

Our strategy involves expanding the volume and diversity of crops it merchandises and processes, expanding the global reach of our core model, expanding our value-added product portfolio, and expanding the sustainable agriculture programs and partnerships it participates in. Government policies including, but not limited to, antitrust and competition law, trade restrictions, food safety regulations, sustainability requirements and traceability, can impact our ability to execute this strategy successfully.

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Upon the expansion of our operations internationally, we could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws.

We have expanded our operations outside the United States for both our restaurant divisions and Sadot. The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and other similar anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws and regulations, generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in preventing our franchisees or other agents from taking actions in violation of these laws or regulations. Such violations, or allegations of such violations, could disrupt our business and result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In the event our consulting agreement with Aggia LLC FZ were to terminate, our food origination and trading operations would be negatively impacted and we may be forced to curtail or cease operations in this business segment.

Sadot Agri-Foods, is an international agri-commodities company engaged in the trading and shipping of food and feed (e.g., soybean meal, wheat and corn) via dry bulk cargo ships to/from markets across the globe. Sadot Agri-Foods was formed as part of our diversification strategy to own and operate, through its subsidiaries, business lines throughout the food value chain and is our largest operating unit. Sadot Agri-Foods has engaged Aggia LLC FZ, a major shareholder of Sadot Group (“Aggia”) to provide critical consulting services. On November 14, 2022, the Company, Sadot LLC and Aggia entered into the Services Agreement pursuant to which Aggia agreed to provide services with respect to the operations of Sadot Agri-Foods. In the event Aggia were to terminate their agreement, our food origination and trading operations would be negatively impacted and we may be forced to curtail or cease operations in this business segment.

The availability and prices of the agricultural commodities and agricultural commodity products we procure, transport, store, process, and merchandise can be affected by climate change, weather conditions, disease, government programs, competition, and various other factors beyond our control and could adversely affect our operating results.

The availability and prices of agricultural commodities are subject to wide fluctuations, including impacts from factors outside our control, such as changes in weather conditions, climate change, rising sea levels, crop disease, plantings, government programs and policies, competition and changes in global demand, which could adversely affect our operating results. Our Company uses a global network of procurement, processing, as well as robust communications between global commodity merchandiser teams, to continually assess price and basis opportunities. Management-established limits (including a corporate wide value-at-risk metric), with robust internal reporting, help to manage risks in pursuit of driving performance. Additionally, we depend globally on agricultural producers to ensure an adequate supply of agricultural commodities.

Reduced supply of agricultural commodities could adversely affect our profitability by increasing the cost of raw materials and/or limiting our ability to procure, transport, store, process, and merchandise agricultural commodities in an efficient manner. High and volatile commodity prices can place more pressures on short-term working capital funding. Conversely, if supplies are abundant and crop production globally outpaces demand for more than one or two crop cycles, price volatility is somewhat diminished. This could result in reduced operating results due to the lack of supply chain dislocations and reduced market spread and basis opportunities.

Advances in technology, such as seed and crop protection, farming techniques, storage and logistics, and speed of information flow, may reduce the significance of dislocations and arbitrage opportunities in the agricultural global markets, which may reduce the earnings potential of agricultural merchandisers and processors.

We are required to carry significant amounts of inventory across all of our businesses. If a substantial portion of our inventory becomes damaged or obsolete, its value would decrease, and have an adverse impact on the Company’s financial results.

We are exposed to the risk of a decrease in the value of our inventories due to a variety of circumstances in all of our businesses. For example, within our Sadot Agri-Foods business, there is the risk that the quality of our inventory could deteriorate due to damage, moisture, insects, disease or foreign material. If the quality of our inventory were to deteriorate below an acceptable level, the value of our inventory could decrease significantly. In our Sadot farming operations business, planted acreage, and consequently the volume of fertilizer and crop protection products applied, is partially dependent upon government programs and the producer’s perception of demand. Technological advances in agriculture, such as genetically engineered seeds that resist disease and insects, or that meet certain nutritional requirements, could also affect the demand for our crop nutrients and crop protection products. Either of these factors could render some of our inventory obsolete or reduce its value.

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We face increasing exposure to country risk in countries that face financial, political, and economic unrest through unsecured credit, inventory, forward contract risk or payment origination that could adversely affect our future results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.

We have increased our international supply chain operations and exposure. With the increased international presence comes additional country risk through trade flows around the globe with direct exposure to the counterparty, via contract mark-to-market exposure, unsecured accounts receivable or inventory in the country. In certain areas in which we trade (both origination and destination) country risk is more prevalent given the country’s political and/or economic situations like Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The addition of purchases and sales of grain in vessel sized quantities to support the Sadot Agri-Foods business including farming operations increases the size and potential severity of our country risk. Additionally, there could be a rapid increase in interest rates creating difficulty for our counterparties to access U.S. dollars making it difficult to collect accounts receivable timely.

We are exposed to potential business disruption including, but not limited to, disruption of transportation services, disruption in the supply, and other impacts resulting from acts of terrorism or war, natural disasters, pandemics, severe weather conditions, accidents, or other planned disruptions, which could adversely affect our operating results.

Our operations rely on dependable and efficient transportation services the disruption of which could result in difficulties supplying materials to our facilities and impair our ability to deliver products to our customers in a timely manner. Certain factors which may impact the availability of agricultural commodity raw materials are out of our control including, but not limited to, disruptions resulting from weather, high or low river water conditions, economic conditions, manufacturing delays or disruptions at suppliers, shortage of materials, interruption of energy supply and unavailable or poor supplier credit conditions.

We are continuing to enhance and deploy additional food safety and security procedures and controls to appropriately mitigate the risks of any adulteration of the Company’s products in the supply chain.

We are exposed to the risk of natural disasters, unusual weather conditions, pandemic outbreaks, political events, war and terrorism that could disrupt business and result in lower sales, increased operating costs and capital expenditures.

Our headquarters, Company-operated and franchised restaurant locations, third-party sole distributor and our facilities, as well as certain of our vendors and customers, are located in areas which have been and could be subject to natural disasters such as floods, blizzards, hurricanes, tornadoes, fires or earthquakes. Adverse weather conditions or other extreme changes in the weather, including resulting electrical and technological failures may disrupt our and our franchisees’ business and may adversely affect our and our franchisees’ ability to obtain food and supplies and sell menu items. Our business may be harmed if our or our franchisees’ ability to obtain food and supplies and sell menu items is impacted by any such events, any of which could influence customer trends and purchases and may negatively impact our and our franchisees’ revenues, properties or operations. Such events could result in physical damage to one or more of our or our franchisees’ properties, the temporary closure of some or all of our Company-operated restaurants, franchised restaurants and third-party distributor, the temporary lack of an adequate work force in a market, temporary or long-term disruption in the transport of goods, delay in the delivery of goods and supplies to our Company-operated and franchised restaurants and third-party distributor, disruption of our technology support or information systems, or fuel shortages or dramatic increases in fuel prices, all of which would increase the cost of doing business. These events also could have indirect consequences such as increases in the costs of insurance if they result in significant loss of property or other insurable damage. Any of these factors, or any combination thereof, could adversely affect our operations. Some of our restaurants are located on military bases.

Our Company may fail to realize the benefits of or experience delays in the execution of its growth strategy, which encompasses organic and inorganic initiatives, including those outside the U.S. and in businesses where our Company does not currently have a large presence.

As we execute our growth strategy, through both organic and inorganic growth, we may encounter risks which could result in increased costs, decreased revenues and delayed synergies. Growth in new geographies outside the U.S. can expose us to volatile economic, political and regulatory risks that may negatively impact our operations and ability to achieve our growth strategy. Expanding businesses where we have limited presence may expose us to risks related to the inability to identify an appropriate partner or target and favorable terms, inability to retain/hire strategic talent or integration risks that may require significant management resources that would have otherwise been available for ongoing growth or operational initiatives. Acquisitions may involve unanticipated delays, costs and other problems. Due diligence performed prior to an

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acquisition may not identify a material liability or issue that could impact our reputation or adversely affect results of operations resulting in a reduction of the anticipated acquisition benefits. Additionally, acquisitions may involve integration risks such as: internal control effectiveness, system integration risks, the risk of impairment charges related to goodwill and other intangibles, ability to retain acquired employees and other unanticipated risks.

Adverse weather conditions, including as a result of climate change, may adversely affect the availability, quality and price of agricultural commodities and agricultural commodity products, as well as our operations and operating results.

Adverse weather conditions have historically caused volatility in the agricultural commodity industry and consequently in our operating results by causing crop failures or significantly reduced harvests, which may affect the supply and pricing of the agricultural commodities that we sell and use in our business, and negatively affect the creditworthiness of agricultural producers who do business with us. Our farming operations are currently solely located in the Mkushi region of Zambia. In this region, adverse weather during the fertilizer application, planting, and harvest seasons can have negative impacts on our crop yields. Adverse crop conditions in the Mkushi region can increase the input costs or lower the market value of our products relative to other market participants that do not have the same geographic concentration.

Additionally, the potential physical impacts of climate change are uncertain and may vary by region. These potential effects could include changes in rainfall patterns, water shortages, changing sea levels, changing storm patterns and intensities, and changing temperature levels that could adversely impact our costs and business operations, the location, costs and competitiveness of agricultural commodity production and related storage and processing facilities and the supply and demand for agricultural commodities. These effects could be material to our results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.

The Company may not be able to effectively integrate businesses it acquires.

We continuously look for opportunities to enhance our existing businesses through strategic acquisitions. The process of integrating an acquired business into our existing business and operations may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures as well as require a significant amount of management resources. There is also the risk that our due diligence efforts may not uncover significant business flaws or hidden liabilities. In addition, we may not realize the anticipated benefits of an acquisition and they may not generate the anticipated financial results. Additional risks may include the inability to effectively integrate the operations, products, technologies and personnel of the acquired companies. The inability to maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies would also negatively impact operations.

Failure to manage our growth effectively could harm our business and operating results.

Our growth plan includes expansion into multiple verticals of the food supply chain, including expansion into new commodity trade routes and geographies, farming & warehousing, logistics & transportation, food processing, restaurant franchising, sustainability and carbon offsets. Our existing management systems, financial and management controls and information systems may be inadequate to support our planned expansion. Managing our growth effectively will require us to continue to enhance these systems, procedures and controls and to hire, train and retain managers and team members. We may not respond quickly enough to the changing demands that our expansion will impose on our management, restaurant teams and existing infrastructure, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We outsource certain aspects of our business to third-party vendors and consultants which subjects us to risks, including disruptions in our business and increased costs.

We have outsourced certain administrative functions for our business to third-party service providers. We also outsource certain information technology support services and benefit plan administration. Furthermore, we outsource delivery services to multiple third-party vendors including UberEats, DoorDash and GrubHub to fulfill delivery orders from both Company-owned and franchise locations. Our SuperFit Foods division outsources home and pick up location deliveries to independent contractors. Our Pokemoto division outsources online ordering and loyalty programs to. Our Sadot Agri-Foods operations rely on Aggia LLC FZ as third-party consultants to execute commodity trades and conduct farming operations. In the future, we may outsource other functions to achieve cost savings and efficiencies. If the service providers to which we outsource these functions do not perform effectively or are negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, we may not be able to achieve the expected cost savings and may have to incur additional costs in connection with such failure to perform. Depending on the function involved, such failures may also lead to business disruption, transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, the loss of sales and customers, the loss of or damage to intellectual property through security breach, and the loss of sensitive data through security breach or otherwise. Any such damage or interruption could have a material adverse effect on our business, cause us to face significant fines, customer notice obligations or costly

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litigation, harm our reputation with our customers or prevent us from paying our collective suppliers or employees or receiving payments on a timely basis.

The failure to enforce and maintain our trademarks and protect our other intellectual property could materially adversely affect our business, including our ability to establish and maintain brand awareness.

We have registered Sadot, Muscle Maker Grill®, Pokemoto®, SuperFit Foods and certain other names used by our restaurants as trademarks or service marks with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The Muscle Maker Grill® trademark is also registered in some form in one foreign country. Our current brand campaign, “Great Food with Your Health in Mind”, “get in the aloha state of mind” and “meal prep and chill” have also been approved for registration with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. In addition, the Sadot Group, Muscle Maker Grill, Pokemoto and SuperFit Foods logos, recipes, trade dress, packaging, website names and addresses (www.sadotgroupinc.com, www.musclemakergrill.com, www.pokemoto.com and www.superfitfoods.com) and Facebook, Instagram, Linkedin, Twitter and other social media and internet accounts are our intellectual property. The success of our business strategy depends on our continued ability to use our existing trademarks and service marks in order to increase brand awareness and develop our branded products. If our efforts to protect our intellectual property are not adequate, or if any third-party misappropriates or infringes on our intellectual property, whether in print, on the Internet or through other media, the value of our brands may be harmed, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, including the failure of our brands and branded products to achieve and maintain market acceptance. There can be no assurance that all of the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property in the United States and in foreign countries will be adequate. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States.

Third-party claims with respect to intellectual property assets, if decided against us, may result in competing uses or require adoption of new, non-infringing intellectual property, which may in turn adversely affect sales and revenues.

There can be no assurance that third parties will not assert infringement or misappropriation claims against us, or assert claims that our rights in our trademarks, service marks, trade dress and other intellectual property assets are invalid or unenforceable. Any such claims could have a material adverse effect on us or our franchisees if such claims were to be decided against us. If our rights in any intellectual property were invalidated or deemed unenforceable, it could permit competing uses of intellectual property which, in turn, could lead to a decline in overall or restaurant revenues. If the intellectual property became subject to third-party infringement, misappropriation or other claims, and such claims were decided against us, we may be forced to pay damages, be required to develop or adopt non-infringing intellectual property or be obligated to acquire a license to the intellectual property that is the subject of the asserted claim. There could be significant expenses associated with the defense of any infringement, misappropriation, or other third-party claims.

We depend on our executive officers, the loss of whom could materially harm our business.

We rely upon the accumulated knowledge, skills and experience of our executive officers, significant employees and expertise of our hired consultants. Our executive officers, significant employees and hired consultants have significant experience in food service, international and agri-foods industries. If they were to leave us or become incapacitated, we might suffer in our planning and execution of business strategy and operations, impacting our brand and financial results. We also do not maintain any key man life insurance policies for any of our employees.

Our information technology systems, processes and sites may suffer interruptions, security breaches or failures that may adversely affect our ability to conduct our business

We rely on certain key information technology systems, some of which are dependent on services provided by third parties, to provide critical data and services for internal and external users, including procurement and inventory management, transaction processing, financial, commercial and operational data, human resources management, legal and tax compliance, and other information and processes necessary to operate and manage our business. If we or our third party service providers do not respond or perform effectively in connection with a cybersecurity breach or system failure, our business may be impacted.

Increased global cybersecurity vulnerabilities, threats and more sophisticated and targeted cybersecurity attacks pose a potentially significant risk to the security of our information technology systems, networks and services, as well as the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our data and the confidential data of our employees, customers, suppliers and other third parties that we may hold. Such vulnerabilities include, among other things, social engineering threats and more sophisticated computer crime, including advanced persistent threats and zero-day vulnerability exploits. We may incur significant costs in protecting against potential security breaches, cyber-based attacks, or other cybersecurity incidents. We and our third-party service providers are targeted by malicious actors and expect such incidents to continue and the frequency and severity of such attacks to increase. While we have implemented cybersecurity and data protection

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measures, our efforts to minimize the risks and impacts of cyberattacks and protect our information technology systems may be insufficient and we may experience significant breaches or other failures or disruptions that could compromise our systems and the information we store and, ultimately, affect our business operations and results of operations. Additionally, hybrid or remote work arrangements among our employees and employees of our third-party providers present additional operational risks to our information technology systems, including, but not limited to, increased risks of cyberattacks and security breaches. We are also exposed to the risk of insider threat attacks. New technology that could result in greater operational efficiency may further expose our computer systems to the risk of cyberattacks.

In addition, the risk of cybersecurity incidents, including cyberattacks against the Ukrainian government and other countries in the region, has increased in connection with the ongoing Ukraine-Russia war, driven by justifications such as retaliation for the sanctions imposed in conjunction with the war, or in response to certain companies’ continued operations in Russia. It is possible that these attacks could have collateral effects on additional critical infrastructure and financial institutions globally. While we no longer have operations in Russia, we do have operations in the region that, along with our operations globally, could be adversely affected by these attacks, including cyber-based attacks against our information technology systems, or be at risk to collateral effects of such attacks. While we have taken actions to mitigate such potential risks, the proliferation of malware from the war into systems unrelated to the war, or cyberattacks against U.S. companies in retaliation for U.S. sanctions against Russia, or U.S. support of Ukraine, could also adversely affect our operations.

We have implemented security policies, training programs, measures and disaster recovery plans designed to prevent, detect and mitigate cyber-based attacks, and to protect the security and continuity of our networks and critical systems. These measures may not adequately prevent adverse events such as breaches or failures from occurring, or mitigate their severity if they do occur.

If our information technology systems are breached, damaged or fail to function properly due to any number of causes, such as security breaches or cyber-based attacks, systems implementation difficulties, catastrophic events or power outages, and our security, contingency disaster recovery, or other risk mitigation plans do not effectively mitigate these occurrences on a timely basis, we may experience a material disruption in our ability to manage our business operations and produce financial reports, as well as significant costs and lost business opportunities until they are remediated. Further, our sensitive information may be compromised and we may suffer representational harm.

We are also subject to a variety of laws and regulations regarding data privacy, data protection, and data security, including laws related to the collection, storage, handling, use, disclosure, transfer, and security of personal information. Data privacy regulations continue to evolve, and non-compliance with such regulations, including as a result of adoption of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, could subject the Company to legal claims or proceedings, potential regulatory fines and penalties and damage to our reputation. These factors may adversely impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition, as well as our competitive position.

Our risk management strategies may not be effective.

Our business is affected by fluctuations in agricultural commodity cash prices and derivative prices, transportation costs, energy prices, interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity markets. Our Company monitors position limits and counterparty risks and engages in other strategies and controls to manage these risks. Our Company has an established commodity merchandising governance process that ensures proper position reporting and monitoring, limits approvals and executes training on trade compliance, commodity regulatory reporting controls and other policies. Our risk monitoring efforts may not be successful at detecting a significant risk exposure. If these controls and strategies are not successful in mitigating our exposure to these fluctuations, it could adversely affect our operating results.

Human capital requirements may not be sufficient to effectively support global operations.

Our global operations function with trained individuals necessary for the warehousing, and shipping of raw materials for products used in other areas of manufacturing or sold as inputs or products to third-party customers. Our Company has various methods and tactics to mitigate potential shortfalls.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock and Lack of Liquidity

As a smaller reporting company, we are exempt from certain disclosure requirements, which could make our Common Stock less attractive to the potential investors.

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Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act defines a “smaller reporting company” as an issuer that is not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent that is not a smaller reporting company and that:

•had a public float of less than $250 million as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of shares of its voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates by the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average of the bid and asked prices of common equity, in the principal market for the common equity; or

•in the case of an initial registration statement under the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the Exchange Act, for shares of its common equity, had a public float of less than $250 million as of a date within 30 days of the date of the filing of the registration statement, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of such shares held by non-affiliates before the registration plus, in the case of a Securities Act registration statement, the number of such shares included in the registration statement by the estimated public offering price of the shares; or

•in the case of an issuer whose public float as calculated under paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition was zero, had annual revenues of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available.

As a smaller reporting company, we will not be required and may not include a Compensation Discussion and Analysis section in our proxy statements; we will provide only two years of financial statements; and we need not provide the table of selected financial data. We also will have other “scaled” disclosure requirements that are less comprehensive than issuers that are not smaller reporting companies which could make our Common Stock less attractive to potential investors, which could make it more difficult for our stockholders to sell their shares.

We are an emerging growth company and subject to less rigorous public reporting requirements and cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common Stock less attractive to investors.

We are a public reporting company under the Exchange Act, and thereafter publicly report on an ongoing basis as an “emerging growth company” (as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, which we refer to as the JOBS Act) under the reporting rules set forth under the Exchange Act. For so long as we remain an “emerging growth company”, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other Exchange Act reporting companies that are not “emerging growth companies”, including but not limited to:

•Not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

•Taking advantage of extensions of time to comply with certain new or revised financial accounting standards;

•Being permitted to comply with reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; and

•Being exempt from the requirement to hold a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensations and stockholder approval of a golden parachute payments not previously approved.

We expect to take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million, if we issue $1 billion or more in non-convertible debt during a three-year period, or if our annual gross revenues exceed $1 billion. We would cease to be an emerging growth company on the last day of the fiscal year following the date of the fifth anniversary of our first sale of common equity securities under an effective registration statement or a fiscal year in which we have $1 billion in gross revenues. Finally, at any time we may choose to opt-out of the emerging growth company reporting requirements. If we choose to opt out, we will be unable to opt back in to being an emerging growth company.

We cannot predict if investors will find our Common Stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Common Stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Common Stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

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As an emerging growth company, our auditor is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls.

Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting while we are an emerging growth company. This means that the effectiveness of our financial operations may differ from our peer companies in that they may be required to obtain independent registered public accounting firm attestations as to the effectiveness of their internal controls over financial reporting and we are not. While our management will be required to attest to internal control over financial reporting and we will be required to detail changes to our internal controls on a quarterly basis, we cannot provide assurance that the independent registered public accounting firm’s review process in assessing the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, if obtained, would not find one or more material weaknesses or significant deficiencies. Further, once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will be subject to independent registered public accounting firm attestation regarding the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. Even if management finds such controls to be effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may decline to attest to the effectiveness of such internal controls and issue a qualified report.

As a public company, we will incur significant increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.

As a public company, we have incurred significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. In addition, the rules of the SEC and those of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC ("NASDAQ"), NASDAQ Capital Market has imposed various requirements on public companies including requiring establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations have increased and will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costlier. For example, we expect that these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, which could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will incur as a public company or the timing of such costs.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In particular, we must perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, we will be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting the later of our second annual report on Form 10-K or the first annual report on Form 10-K following the date on which we are no longer an emerging growth company. Our compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act will require that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management efforts. We currently do not have an internal audit group, and we will need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or our independent registered public accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of our stock could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the exchange we are listed on, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.

Our ability to successfully implement our business plan and comply with Section 404 requires us to be able to prepare timely and accurate financial statements. We expect that we will need to continue to improve existing, and implement new operational and financial systems, procedures and controls to manage our business effectively. Any delay in the implementation of, or disruption in the transition to, new or enhanced systems, procedures or controls, may cause our operations to suffer and we may be unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective and to obtain an unqualified report on internal controls from our auditors as required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This, in turn, could have an adverse impact on trading prices for our common stock, and could adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets.

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) sales practice requirements may limit a stockholder’s ability to buy and sell our stock.

In addition to the “penny stock” rules described above, FINRA has adopted rules that require that in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for

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that customer. Prior to recommending speculative, low-priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. The FINRA requirements may make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our Common Stock, which may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity in our Common Stock. As a result, fewer broker-dealers may be willing to make a market in our common stock, reducing a stockholder’s ability to resell shares of our Common Stock.

Our stock price may be volatile.

The market price of our Common Stock has been highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various potential factors, many of which will be beyond our control, including the following:

•services by us or our competitors;

•additions or departures of key personnel;

•our ability to execute our business plan;

•operating results that fall below expectations;

•loss of any strategic relationship;

•industry developments;

•economic and other external factors; and

•period-to-period fluctuations in our financial results.

In addition, the securities markets have from time-to-time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or publish negative reports about our business, our share price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will, to some extent, depends on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our shares or change their opinion of our shares, our share price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our share price or trading volume to decline.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future, which could reduce the attractiveness of our stock to some investors.

We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our common stock if the market price of our common stock increases. In addition, we may incur debt financing to further finance our operations, the governing documents of which may contain restrictions on our ability to pay dividends.

If we are unable to maintain listing of our securities on the NASDAQ Capital Market or another reputable stock exchange, it may be more difficult for our stockholders to sell their securities.

NASDAQ requires listing issuers to comply with certain standards in order to remain listed on its exchange. If, for any reason, NASDAQ should delist our securities from trading on its exchange and we are unable to obtain listing on another reputable national securities exchange, a reduction in some or all of the following may occur, each of which could materially adversely affect our stockholders.

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As previously reported, on November 7, 2023, the Company received notice from The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) that the closing bid price for the Company’s common stock had been below $1.00 per share for the previous 30 consecutive business days, and that the Company is therefore not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on The Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Rule”).

Nasdaq’s notice has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market. The notice indicates that the Company will have 180 calendar days, until May 6, 2024, to regain compliance with this requirement. The Company can regain compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid listing requirement if the closing bid price of its common stock is at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten (10) consecutive business days during the 180-day compliance period. If the Company does not regain compliance during the initial compliance period, it may be eligible for additional time of 180 calendar days to regain compliance. To qualify, the Company will be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of our publicly held shares and all other Nasdaq initial listing standards, except the bid price requirement, and will need to provide written notice to Nasdaq of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period. If the Company is not eligible or it appears to Nasdaq that the Company will not be able to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, Nasdaq will provide written notice to the Company that the Company’s common stock will be subject to delisting. In the event of such notification, the Company may appeal Nasdaq’s determination to delist its securities, but there can be no assurance that Nasdaq would grant the Company’s request for continued listing.

The Company intends to actively monitor the minimum bid price of its common stock and may, as appropriate, consider available options to regain compliance with the Rule. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain compliance with the Rule or will otherwise be in compliance with other Nasdaq listing criteria.

If our shares of Common Stock become subject to the penny stock rules, it would become more difficult to trade our shares.

The Commission has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price per share of less than $5.00, other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or authorized for quotation on certain automated quotation systems, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system. If we do not obtain or retain a listing on the NYSE American or NASDAQ Capital Market and if the price of our Common Stock is less than $5.00 per share, our Common Stock will be deemed a penny stock. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before effecting a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document containing specified information. In addition, the penny stock rules require that, before effecting any such transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, a broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive; (i) the purchaser’s written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement; (ii) a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks; and (iii) a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our Common Stock, and therefore stockholders may have difficulty selling their shares.

Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws and Nevada law may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our Company and, therefore, may depress the trading price of our stock.

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws contain certain provisions that may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control that our stockholders may consider favorable. These provisions:

•prohibit stockholder action to elect or remove directors by majority written consent;

•provide that the board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws;

•prohibit our stockholders from calling a special meeting of stockholders; and

•establish advance notice requirements for nominations for elections to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings.

We may be subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert management attention.

In the past companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Litigation of this type could result in

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substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could seriously hurt our business. Any adverse determination in litigation could also subject us to significant liabilities.

Risks Related to the SEPA Offering

Substantial blocks of our common stock may be sold into the market as a result of the shares sold to Yorkville under the SEPA, which may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

The price of our common stock could decline if there are substantial sales of shares of our common stock, if there is a large number of shares of our common stock available for sale, or if there is the perception that these sales could occur.

On September 22, 2023, we entered into the SEPA with YA II PN Ltd. (“Yorkville”). Under the SEPA, we agreed to issue and sell to Yorkville, from time to time, and Yorkville agreed to purchase from us, up to $25 million of our common stock. We shall not affect any sales under the SEPA and Yorkville shall not have any obligation to purchase shares of common stock under the SEPA to the extent that after giving effect to such purchase and sale (i) Yorkville would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the Company’s outstanding common stock at the time of such issuance (the “Ownership Limitation”), or (ii) the aggregate number of shares of common stock issued under the SEPA together with any shares of common stock issued in connection with any other related transactions that may be considered part of the same series of transactions, would exceed 19.9% of the outstanding voting common stock as of September 22, 2023 (the “Exchange Cap”). At the Company’s Annual Meeting held on December 20, 2023, the shareholders of the Company approved, for purposes of compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rules 5635(b) and 5635(d), the issuance of up to 15,000,000 shares of our Common Stock to Yorkville in connection with and pursuant to the SEPA thus increasing the Exchange Cap to 15,000,000 shares of Common Stock. Thus, we may not have access to the right to sell the full $25 million of shares of common stock to Yorkville. In connection with the SEPA, and subject to the condition set forth therein, Yorkville has agreed to advance us the Pre-Paid Advance which shall be evidenced by convertible promissory notes (the “Convertible Notes”) to be issued to Yorkville at a purchase price equal to 94.0% of the principal amount of each Pre-Paid Advance. On September 22, 2023, Yorkville advanced the first Pre-Paid Advance to us in the principal amount of $3.0 million and we issued a Convertible Note to Yorkville in the principal amount of $3.0 million. The balance of $1.0 million of the Pre-Paid Advance was advanced by Yorkville on October 30, 2023. The purchase price for each Convertible Note representing a Pre-Paid Advance is 94.0% of the principal amount of the Pre-Paid Advance. Interest shall accrue on the outstanding balance of any Convertible Note at an annual rate equal to 6.0%, subject to an increase to 18% upon an event of default as described in the Convertible Notes. The maturity date of each Convertible Note will be September 22, 2024, 12-months after the closing of the initial Pre-Paid Advance. Yorkville may convert the Convertible Notes into shares of our common stock at the Conversion Price, which in no event may the Conversion Price be lower than $0.33 (the “Floor Price”). Yorkville, in its sole discretion and providing that there is a balance remaining outstanding under the Convertible Notes, may deliver a notice under the SEPA requiring the issuance and sale of shares of Common Stock to Yorkville at a price per share equivalent to the Conversion Price as determined in accordance with the Convertible Notes (“Yorkville Advance”). Yorkville, in its sole discretion, may select the amount of any Yorkville Advance, provided that the number of shares issued does not cause Yorkville to exceed the Ownership Limitation, does not exceed the Exchange Cap or the amount of shares of common stock that are registered. As a result of a Yorkville Advance, the amounts payable under the Convertible Notes will be offset by such amount subject to each Yorkville Advance.

Any issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to this facility will dilute the percentage ownership of stockholders and may dilute the per share projected earnings (if any) or book value of our common stock. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or other issuances of shares of our common stock, or the perception that these sales or issuances could occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline and may make it more difficult for you to sell your shares at a time and price that you deem appropriate.

It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares we will sell under the SEPA to Yorkville at any one time or in total, or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales.

We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our shares of common stock to Yorkville under the SEPA. Sales of our common stock, if any, to Yorkville under the SEPA will depend upon market conditions and other factors. We may ultimately decide to sell to Yorkville all, some or none of the shares of our common stock that may be available for us to sell to Yorkville pursuant to the SEPA. In connection with the SEPA, and subject to the condition set forth therein, Yorkville has agreed to advance us the Pre-Paid Advance which shall be evidenced by the Convertible Notes issued to Yorkville at a purchase price equal to 94.0% of the principal amount of each Pre-Paid Advance. On September 22, 2023, Yorkville advanced the first Pre-Paid Advance to us in the principal amount of $3.0 million and we issued a Convertible Note to Yorkville in the principal amount of $3.0 million. The balance of $1.0 million of the Pre-Paid Advance was advanced by Yorkville to us on October 30, 2023. Interest shall accrue on the outstanding balance of any Convertible Note at an annual rate equal to 6.0%, subject to an increase to 18% upon an event of default as described in the Convertible

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Notes. The maturity date of each Convertible Note will be September 22, 2024, 12-months after the closing of the initial Pre-Paid Advance. Yorkville may convert the Convertible Notes into shares of our common stock at the Conversion Price, which in no event may the Conversion Price be lower than the Floor Price. Yorkville, in its sole discretion and providing that there is a balance remaining outstanding under the Convertible Notes, may deliver a notice under the SEPA requiring a Yorkville Advance. Yorkville, in its sole discretion, may select the amount of any Yorkville Advance, provided that the number of shares issued does not cause Yorkville to exceed the Ownership Limitation, does not exceed the Exchange Cap or the amount of shares of common stock that are registered. As a result of a Yorkville Advance, the amounts payable under the Convertible Notes will be offset by such amount subject to each Yorkville Advance.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by Yorkville for the shares of common stock that we may elect to sell to Yorkville under the SEPA, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our common stock during the applicable the pricing period (three consecutive trading days commencing on the date that we direct Yorkville to purchase amounts of our Common Stock) or the purchase price pursuant to a Yorkville Advance, it is not possible for us to predict, as of the date of this report and prior to any such sales, the number of shares of common stock that we will sell to Yorkville under the SEPA, the purchase price per share that Yorkville will pay for shares purchased from us under the SEPA, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by Yorkville under the SEPA, if any. It is also not possible for us to determine the number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued in connection with the conversion or the Convertible Notes or a Yorkville Advance.

In addition, we will not be able to issue shares of common stock in excess of 15,000,000 as approved by the shareholders of the Company at its Annual Meeting under the SEPA in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules. Depending on the market prices of our common stock in the future, this could be a significant limitation on the amount of funds we are able to raise pursuant to the SEPA. Other limitations in the SEPA, including the Ownership Limitation, and our ability to meet the conditions necessary to deliver an Advance Notice, could also prevent us from being able to raise funds up to the $25.0 million commitment amount.

Moreover, although the SEPA provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $25.0 million of our common stock to Yorkville, only 34,315,083 shares of our common stock have been registered for resale by Yorkville under the registration statement consisting of (i) the 227,273 commitment shares that we issued to Yorkville upon execution of the SEPA as consideration for its commitment to purchase our common stock under the SEPA and (ii) up to 34,087,810 shares of common stock that we may elect to sell to Yorkville, in our sole discretion, from time to time from and after the date of, and pursuant to, the SEPA or that Yorkville may require that we sell pursuant to a Yorkville Advance. Even if we elect to sell to Yorkville all of the shares of common stock that have been registered for resale, depending on the market prices of our common stock at the time of such sales, the actual gross proceeds from the sale of all such shares may be substantially less than the $25.0 million commitment amount under the SEPA, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity.

If we desire to issue and sell to Yorkville under the SEPA more than the 34,087,810 shares registered, and the Exchange Cap provisions and other limitations in the SEPA would allow us to do so, we would need to file with the SEC one or more additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by Yorkville of any such additional shares of our common stock and the SEC would have to declare such registration statement or statements effective before we could sell additional shares.

Further, the resale by Yorkville of a significant amount of shares registered for resale at any given time, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline and to be highly volatile.

The sale and issuance of our shares of Common Stock to Yorkville will cause dilution to our existing shareholders, and the sale of the shares of Common Stock acquired by Yorkville, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause the price of our Common Stock to fall.

The purchase price for the shares that we may sell to Yorkville under the SEPA or are required to sell pursuant to a Yorkville Advance will fluctuate based on the price of our shares of Common Stock. Depending on a number of factors, including market liquidity, sales of such shares may cause the trading price of our Common Stock to fall. If and when we do sell shares to Yorkville or when Yorkville requires a Yorkville Advance, Yorkville may resell all, some, or none of those shares at its discretion, subject to the terms of the SEPA. Therefore, sales to Yorkville by us could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our shares of Common Stock. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of shares of Common Stock to Yorkville, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a desirable time and price. The resale of shares of Common Stock by Yorkville in the public market or otherwise, or the perception that such sales could occur, could also harm the prevailing market price of our shares of Common Stock.

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Following these issuances described above and as restrictions on resale end and registration statements are available for use, the market price of our shares of Common Stock could decline if the holders of restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. As such, sales of a substantial number of shares of Common Stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our shares of Common Stock.

We do not have the right to control the timing and amount of the issuance of our Shares of Common Stock in connection with a Yorkville Advance and, accordingly, it is not possible to predict the actual number of shares we will issue pursuant to a Yorkville Advance at any one time or in total.

We do not have the right to control the timing and amount of any issuances of our shares of Common Stock to Yorkville under the SEPA in connection with a Yorkville Advance. Sales of our shares of Common Stock, if any, to Yorkville under the SEPA will depend upon market conditions and other factors, and the discretion of Yorkville. We may ultimately decide to sell to Yorkville all, some or none of the shares of Common Stock that may be available for us to sell to Yorkville pursuant to the SEPA. Each Pre-Paid Advance matures within one year.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by Yorkville for the shares of Common Stock that we may elect to sell to Yorkville under the SEPA, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our shares of Common Stock, if any, it is not possible for us to predict and prior to any such sales, the number of shares of Common Stock that we will sell to Yorkville under the SEPA, the purchase price per share that Yorkville will pay for shares purchased from us under the SEPA, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by Yorkville under the SEPA, if any.

Further, the resale by Yorkville of a significant amount of shares at any given time, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our shares of Common Stock to decline and to be highly volatile.

Upon a trigger event, we may be required to make payments that could cause us financial hardship.

In connection with the SEPA, Yorkville advanced us the Pre-Paid Advance which was evidenced by Convertible Notes issued to Yorkville at a purchase price equal to 94.0% of the principal amount of each Pre-Paid Advance. On September 22, 2203, Yorkville advanced the first Pre-Paid Advance to us in the principal amount of $3.0 million and we issued a Convertible Note to Yorkville in the principal amount of $3.0 million. The balance of $1.0 million of the Pre-Paid Advance was advanced by Yorkville to us on October 30, 2023. Interest shall accrue on the outstanding balance of any Convertible Note at an annual rate equal to 6.0%, subject to an increase to 18% upon an event of default as described in the Convertible Notes. The maturity date of each Convertible Note is September 22, 2024, 12-months after the closing of the initial Pre-Paid Advance. Yorkville may convert the Convertible Notes into shares of our common stock at the Conversion Price, which in no event may the Conversion Price be lower than the Floor Price. Yorkville, in its sole discretion and providing that there is a balance remaining outstanding under the Convertible Notes, may deliver a notice under the SEPA requiring a Yorkville Advance. Yorkville, in its sole discretion, may select the amount of any Yorkville Advance, provided that the number of shares issued does not cause Yorkville to exceed the Ownership Limitation, does not exceed the Exchange Cap or the amount of shares of common stock that are registered. As a result of a Yorkville Advance, the amounts payable under the Convertible Notes will be offset by such amount subject to each Yorkville Advance.

This financial obligation may be an undue and unsustainable burden and may cause a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.

Investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Pursuant to the SEPA, we will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold to Yorkville. If and when we do elect to sell shares of our common stock to Yorkville pursuant to the SEPA, Yorkville may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from Yorkville in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from Yorkville in this offering as a result of future sales made by us to Yorkville at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this offering.

Our current business plans require a significant amount of capital. If we are unable to obtain sufficient funding or do not have access to capital, we may not be able to execute our business plans and our prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

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The extent to which we rely on Yorkville as a source of funding will depend on a number of factors, including the prevailing market price of our common stock, our ability to meet the conditions necessary to deliver Advance Notices under the SEPA, the impacts of the Exchange Cap and the Ownership Limitation and the extent to which we are able to secure funding from other sources. In addition to the amount of funds we ultimately raise under the SEPA, if any, we expect to continue to seek other sources of funding, including by offering additional equity, and/or equity-linked securities, through one or more credit facilities and potentially by offering debt securities, to finance a portion of our future expenditures.

We have experienced operating losses, and we expect to continue to incur operating losses as we implement our business plans. We expect our capital expenditures to continue to be significant in the foreseeable future as we expand our business. We expect to expend capital with significant outlays directed towards servicing our Sadot agri-foods, Sadot restaurant group and Sadot farming operations. The fact that we have a limited operating history with respect to the agri-foods and farming operations business means we have limited historical data on the demand for our services. As a result, our capital requirements are uncertain and actual capital requirements may be different from those we currently anticipate. In addition, new opportunities for growth in future product lines and markets may arise and may require additional capital.

We entered into the SEPA whereby we will have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Yorkville up to $25.0 million of our shares of common stock. However, our right to sell shares under the SEPA is subject to certain conditions that may not be satisfied. Accordingly, we may not be able to utilize this facility to raise additional capital when, or in the amounts, we may require. In addition, under the SEPA, we have received $4.0 in Pre-Paid Advance. The Pre-Paid Advances were made in the form of Convertible Notes. In addition, upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an event of default, the Convertible Notes shall become immediately due and payable and we shall pay to Yorkville the principal and interest due thereunder. If any time on or after October 22, 2023 (i) the daily VWAP is less than the Floor Price for seven trading days during a period of nine consecutive trading days (“Floor Price Trigger”), or (ii) the Company has issued in excess of 99% of the shares of common stock available under the Exchange Cap (“Exchange Cap Trigger” and collectively with the Floor Price Trigger, the “Trigger”)), then we shall make monthly payments to Yorkville beginning on the seventh trading day after the Trigger and continuing monthly in the amount of $500,000 plus an 8.0% premium and accrued and unpaid interest. The Exchange Cap Trigger will not apply in the event we have obtained the approval from our stockholders in accordance with the rules of Nasdaq Stock Market for the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to the transactions contemplated in the Convertible Note and the SEPA in excess of 19.99% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of the effective date of the SEPA (the “Exchange Cap”). Any debt we incur from Yorkville or other parties could make us more vulnerable to a downturn in our operating results or a downturn in economic conditions. If our cash flow from operations is insufficient to meet any debt service requirements including the repayment of the Convertible Notes in the event of a Trigger, we could be required to refinance our obligations, or dispose of assets in order to meet debt service requirements.

As an early-stage growth company, our ability to access capital is critical. We expect that we will need to raise additional capital in order to continue to execute our business plans in the future, and we plan to use the SEPA, if the conditions for its use are satisfied and seek additional equity and/or debt financing, including by offering additional equity, and/or equity-linked securities, through one or more credit facilities and potentially by offering debt securities, to finance a portion of our future expenditures.

The sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities could dilute our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations or our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders. Our ability to obtain the necessary additional financing to carry out our business plans or to refinance, if necessary, any outstanding debt when due is subject to a number of factors, including general market conditions and investor acceptance of our business model. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions of such financing unattractive or unavailable to us. If we are unable to raise sufficient funds on favorable terms, we may have to significantly reduce our spending, delay or cancel our planned activities or substantially change our corporate structure. We might not be able to obtain any such funding or we might not have sufficient resources to conduct our business as projected, both of which could mean that we would be forced to curtail or discontinue our operations and our prospects, financial consolidated results of operations could be materially adversely affected, in which case our investors could lose some or all of their investment.

Management will have broad discretion as to the use of the proceeds from the SEPA, and uses may not improve our financial condition or market value.

Because we have not designated the amount of net proceeds from the SEPA to be used for any particular purpose, our management will have broad discretion as to the application of such proceeds. Our management may use the proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes that may not improve our financial condition or advance our business objectives.

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Item 1.B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 1.C. Cybersecurity

Risk Management and Strategy

Cyber criminals are becoming more sophisticated and effective every day, and they are increasingly targeting companies similar to our company operating in various part of the world. All companies utilizing technology are subject to threats of breaches of their cybersecurity programs. To mitigate the threat to our business, we take a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity risk management and make securing the data customers and other stakeholders entrust to us a top priority. Our board of directors (the “Board”) and our management are actively involved in the oversight of our risk management program, of which cybersecurity represents an important component. As described in more detail below, we have established policies, standards, processes and practices for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. We have devoted significant financial and personnel resources to implement and maintain security measures to meet regulatory requirements and customer expectations, and we intend to continue to make significant investments to maintain the security of our data and cybersecurity infrastructure. There can be no guarantee that our policies and procedures will be properly followed in every instance or that those policies and procedures will be effective. Although our Risk Factors include further detail about the material cybersecurity risks we face, we believe that risks from prior cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected our business to date. We can provide no assurance that there will not be incidents in the future or that they will not materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.

Our policies, standards, processes and practices for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats are integrated into our overall risk management program and are based industry standards. Key security, risk, and compliance stakeholders meet regularly to develop strategies for preserving the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our company and customer information, identifying, preventing and mitigating cybersecurity threats, and effectively responding to cybersecurity incidents. We maintain controls and procedures that are designed to ensure prompt escalation of certain cybersecurity incidents so that decisions regarding public disclosure and reporting of such incidents can be made by management and the Board in a timely manner.

Our cybersecurity team, are third party subject matter experts who regularly obtain cybersecurity certifications. Our program includes procedures to identify cybersecurity risks and threats of our third-party service providers. These procedures measure the maturity of third-party provider cybersecurity programs against industry best practices. The collection of this information is used to assess the use of third-party software or partnerships.

Our cybersecurity risk management program includes response plans that are aligned with our crisis response plans and outline the procedures and protocols to follow when a cybersecurity incident has or may have occurred, including to allow assessments related to disclosure and notice requirements to be timely made to regulators and affected parties. The response plan includes protocols to notify our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), our Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), other members of senior management as appropriate, and, under certain circumstances, the Audit Committee of our Board, or our full Board as appropriate. We have integrated cybersecurity risk assessments into Sadot’s overall enterprise risk assessment to promote a company-wide culture of cybersecurity risk management.

Governance

Our Board, in coordination with the Audit Committee, oversees our management of cybersecurity risk. They receive regular communication from management about the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents, including material security risks and information security vulnerabilities. The Audit Committee receives regular updates from management on cybersecurity risk resulting from risk assessments, progress of risk reduction initiatives, external auditor feedback, control maturity assessments, and relevant internal and industry cybersecurity incidents.

Our CEO and CFO lead our Information Technology and cybersecurity team, which consist of third party specialist. The Information Technology team is responsible for assessing, identifying, and managing risks from cybersecurity threats. Our CEO and CFO regularly receive information on cyber security matters, and in turn communicate to the Audit Committee on such matters. Our CEO has more than 15 years of experience in leading and managing risk oversight for large organizations and our CFO has several years of experience in leading and managing risk oversight for public organizations.

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Item 2. Properties

As of December 31, 2023, our corporate office is located at 1751 River Run, Ste 200 Fort Worth, TX 76107. We believe our current office space is suitable and adequate for its intended purposes and our near-term expansion plans. We also own 70% of farmland in the Mkushi area in Zambia Africa. Sadot Zambia owns approximately 5,000 acres of farmland in the Mkushi Region of Zambia which was acquired in August of 2023. Sadot Zambia is 100% owned by Sadot Enterprises Limited, which is 70% owned by Sadot LLC.

Currently Operating System-Wide Restaurants

As of March 20, 2024, Company-operated, franchised and total system-wide restaurants by jurisdiction are broken out below:

State	Company-Owned Restaurants	Franchised Restaurants	Total Restaurants
Alabama	—	1	1
California	—	1	1
Connecticut	1	10	11
Florida	1	3	4
Kansas	1	2	3
Maryland	1	—	1
Massachusetts	—	3	3
Mississippi	—	1	1
New Jersey	—	5	5
New York	2	3	5
Oklahoma	1	—	1
Rhode Island	—	1	1
South Carolina	—	1	1
Tennessee	—	1	1
Texas	—	3	3
Virginia	—	1	1
Washington	—	1	1
Kuwait	—	1	1
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	—	1	1
	7	39	46

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are a defendant or plaintiff in various legal actions that arise in the normal course of business. We record legal costs associated with loss contingencies as incurred and have accrued for all probable and estimable settlements.

We are currently involved in pending legal proceedings that have been previously disclosed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Below is a summary of the legal proceedings that have become a reportable event, or which have had developments during the year ended December 31, 2023.

On January 23, 2020, the Company was served a judgment issued by the Judicial Council of California in the amount of $0.1 million for a breach of a lease agreement in Chicago, Illinois, in connection with a Company-owned store that was closed in 2018. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has accrued for the liability in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

The high and low per share closing sales prices of the Company’s stock on the NASDAQ Market (ticker symbol: SDOT (f/k/a GRIL)) for each quarter for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

Quarter Ended	High		Low
March 31, 2022	$	0.76	$	0.35
June 30, 2022	$	0.59	$	0.34
September 30, 2022	$	0.46	$	0.35
December 31, 2022	$	0.92	$	0.31
March 31, 2023	$	1.51	$	0.82
June 30, 2023	$	1.48	$	1.07
September 30, 2023	$	1.36	$	0.70
December 31, 2023	$	0.80	$	0.39

Transfer Agent

Our transfer agent is Computershare, Inc., located at, 462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600, Louisville, KY 40202, and its telephone number is 1-877-373-6374.

Holders

As of February 14, 2024, there were 7,566 holders of record of our common stock.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business. As a result, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Warrants

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had warrants to purchase an aggregate of 17.4 million and 18.0 million shares of common stock, respectively, outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $1.97 and $1.93 per share, respectively.

35

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information, as of December 31, 2023, with respect to equity securities authorized for issuance under compensation plans:

Plan category	No. of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options under the plan	Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options under  the plan	No. of securities remaining available for future issuance
		$
2024 Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	—	—	7,500,000
2023 Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	68,928	1.51	—
2021 Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	843,572	1.10	—
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	—	—	—
Total	912,500	2.61	7,500,000

Performance Graph

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the performance graph required by Item 201I of Regulation S-K.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuance of Stock

On January 3, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 1.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of the pre-funded warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the pre-funded warrants a total of 1.2 million warrants were exercised.

On January 6, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 39.6 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the fourth quarter of 2021. The Company accrued for the liability as of December 31, 2021.

On January 18, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 30.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company to a consultant that assisted with the acquisition of SuperFit Foods and Pokemoto, with an aggregate fair value amount of $15.6 thousand. The Company accrued for the liability as of December 31, 2021.

On February 24, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 1.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of the pre-funded warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the pre-funded warrants a total of 1.2 million warrants were exercised.

On March 31, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the first quarter of 2022.

On April 4, 2022, the Company issued 20.0 thousand shares of common stock to a member of the executive team per the employment agreement.

On June 8, 2022, the Company issued 5.0 thousand shares of common stock to a contractor for work done at a Company owned location.

On July 14, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the second quarter of 2022.

36

On October 12, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the third quarter of 2022.

On November 29, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 0.4 million shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of pre-funded warrants.

On January 5, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate of 31.3 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the fourth quarter of 2022.

On March 27, 2023, the Company issued 2.8 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

On April 5, 2023 the Company issued 29.7 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the first quarter of 2023.

On May 10, 2023 the Company issued 0.1 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

On May 25, 2023, the Company issued 2.7 million shares of common stock to Aggia as consulting fees earned during the first quarter of 2023.

On July 11, 2023, the Company issued of an aggregate of 32.9 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the second quarter of 2023.

On July 14, 2023, The Company issued 8.9 million Restricted Share Awards, with an effective issuance date of April 1, 2023.

On July 27, 2023, the Company issued 2.2 million shares of common stock to Altium Growth Fund Ltd. (“Altium”) in exchange for the exercise of warrants.

On August 15, 2023, the Company issued 0.1 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

On September 25, 2023, the Company issued 0.2 million shares of common stock in fees to a consultant for services rendered related to the SEPA.

On October 2, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the third quarter of 2023.

On October 20, 2023, the Company issued 0.1 million shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered.

On November 6, 2023, the Company issued 0.1 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On November 14, 2023, the Company issued 0.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On November 29, 2023, the Company issued 0.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On December 13, 2023, the Company issued 0.3 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On December 19, 2023, the Company issued 0.3 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On December 19, 2023, the Company issued 2.0 million RSA's to certain members of the board of directors, consultants and employees. Total RSA vested as a result of the departure of certain members of the board of directors were 0.2 million for 2023. The remaining RSA vest ratably over 12 quarters with the first vesting starting on March 31, 2024.

On January 4, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the fourth quarter of 2023. The Company accrued for the liability as of December 31, 2023.

37

On January 8, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

On January 11, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

On January 22, 2024, he Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

On January 29, 2024, he Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

On February 16, 2024, he Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company's common stock.

On March 15, 2024 the Company authorized the issuance of $0.2 million into 0.6 million shares of the Company's common stock.

On October 19, 2022, the Company formed Sadot LLC. On November 14, 2022, the Company, Sadot LLC and Aggia entered into the Services Agreement. The closing date of the Services Agreement was November 16, 2022. The parties entered into Addendum 1 to the Services Agreement on November 17, 2022. Further, on July 14, 2023 (the “Addendum Date”), effective April 1, 2023, the parties entered into Addendum 2 to the Services Agreement (“Addendum 2”) pursuant to which the parties amended the compensation that Aggia is entitled.

Pursuant to Addendum 2, on the Addendum Date, the Company issued 8.9 million shares of common stock of the Company (the “Shares”), which such Shares represent 14.4 million Shares that Aggia is entitled to receive pursuant to the Services Agreement less the 5.6 million Shares that have been issued to Aggia pursuant to the Services Agreement as of the Addendum Date. The Company will not issue Aggia in excess of 14.4 million Shares representing 49.9% of the number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of the effective date of the Services Agreement. The Shares shall be considered issued and outstanding as of the Addendum Date and Aggia shall hold all rights associated with such Shares. The Shares vest on a progressive schedule, at a rate equal to the net income of Sadot Agri-Foods, calculated quarterly divided by $3.125, which for accounting purposes shall equal 40.0% of the net income of Sadot Agri-Foods, calculated quarterly divided by $1.25. During the 30 day period after July 14, 2028 (the “Share Repurchase Date”), Aggia may purchase any Shares not vested. All Shares not vested or purchased by Aggia, shall be repurchased by the Company from Aggia at per share price of $0.0001 per share.

The offers, sales, and issuances of the securities described above were deemed to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act or Regulation D promulgated thereunder as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. The recipients of securities in each of these transactions acquired the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof and appropriate legends were affixed to the securities issued in these transactions. Each of the recipients of securities in these transactions was an accredited or sophisticated person and had adequate access, through employment, business or other relationships, to information about us.

The offers, sales, and issuances of the securities described above were deemed to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act or Regulation D promulgated thereunder as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. The recipients of securities in each of these transactions acquired the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof and appropriate legends were affixed to the securities issued in these transactions. Each of the recipients of securities in these transactions was an accredited or sophisticated person and had adequate access, through employment, business or other relationships, to information about us.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Item 6. Reserved

Not applicable.

38

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of the results of operations and financial condition of Sadot Group, Inc. (“Sadot Group”), together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes to those financial statements that are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K following Item 16. References in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations to “us,” “we,” “our,” and similar terms refer to Sadot Group. “Muscle Maker Grill”, “SuperFit Foods” and “Pokemoto” refers to the names under which our corporate and franchised restaurants do business depending on the concept. This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the federal securities laws. The events described in forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report may not occur. Generally, these statements relate to business plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits or other consequences of our plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits from acquisitions to be made by us, or projections involving anticipated revenues, earnings or other aspects of our operating results. The words “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “project,” “plan,” “forecast,” “model,” “proposal,” “should,” “may,” “intend,” “estimate,” and “continue,” and their opposites and similar expressions, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance or events and are subject to a number of uncertainties, risks and other influences, many of which are beyond our control, which may influence the accuracy of the statements and the projections upon which the statements are based. Reference is made to “Factors That May Affect Future Results and Financial Condition” in this Item 7 for a discussion of some of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements.

OVERVIEW

Sadot Group Inc. (f/k/a Muscle Maker, Inc.) is our parent company and is headquartered in Ft. Worth, Texas. In late 2022, Sadot Group began a transformation from a U.S.-centric restaurant business into a global organization focused on the Agri-foods supply-chain. Effective July 27, 2023, we changed our company name from Muscle Maker, Inc., to Sadot Group, Inc. As of December 31, 2023, Sadot Group consisted of two distinct operating units.

1.Sadot LLC (“Sadot Agri-Foods”): Sadot Group’s largest operating unit is a global agri-commodities company engaged in farming, trading and shipping of food and feed (e.g., soybean meal, wheat and corn) via dry bulk cargo ships to/from markets such as Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, China, Columbia, Ecuador, Egypt, Guinea, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Ukraine United States and Vietnam, among others. Sadot Agri-Foods competes with the ABCD commodity companies (ADM, Bunge, Cargill, Louis-Dreyfus) as well as many regional organizations. Sadot Agri-Foods operates, through a joint venture, a roughly 5,000 acre crop producing farm in Zambia with a focus on major commodities such as wheat, soy and corn alongside high-value tree crops such as avocado and mango. Sadot Agri-Foods was formed as part of the Company’s diversification strategy to own and operate, through its subsidiaries, the business lines throughout the food value chain. Sadot Agri-Foods seeks to diversify over time into a sustainable and forward-looking global agri-foods company.

2.Sadot Restaurant Group ("Sadot Food Services"): has three unique “healthier for you” concepts, including two fast casual restaurant concepts, Pokémoto and Muscle Maker Grill, plus one subscription-based fresh prep meal concept, SuperFit Foods. The restaurants were founded on the belief of taking every-day menu options and converting them into “healthier for you” menu choices. Consumers are demanding healthier choices, customization, flavor and convenience. Each of our three concepts offers different menus that are tailored to specific consumer segments. We believe our concepts deliver highly differentiated customer experiences.

Through our subsidiaries, we operate within the global food-supply chain, in an effort to integrate capabilities and create a sustainable and innovative company, that enhances the social, environmental and financial value to our Company.

Key Financial Definitions

We review a number of financial and operating metrics, including the following key metrics and non-GAAP measures, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions. Governmental and other economic factors affecting our operations may vary.

39

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
	$’000	$’000
Commodity sales	717,506	150,586
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts	8,053	10,300
Franchise royalties and fees	1,041	727
Franchise advertising fund contributions	73	81
Other revenues	13	5
Cost of goods sold	(716,755)	(157,307)
Gross profit	9,931	4,392
Impairment of intangible asset	(811)	(347)
Impairment of goodwill	(828)	—
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(1,808)	(2,015)
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(73)	(81)
Pre-opening expenses	(371)	(117)
Post-closing expenses	(212)	(197)
Stock-based expenses	(6,192)	(3,716)
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(9,404)	(6,035)
Loss from operations	(9,768)	(8,116)
Adjusted EBITDA	(129)	(2,038)
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	89	(2,038)

The breakout of our main revenue streams by business segment is shown below:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Sadot agri-foods	98.7	%	93.1	%
Sadot food service	1.3	%	6.9	%

Our key business and financial metrics are explained in detail below.

Revenues

Our revenues are derived from four primary sources: Commodity sales, Company restaurant sales, Franchise revenues and vendor rebates from Franchisees. Commodity sales revenues are comprised of revenues generated from the purchase and sales of physical food and feed commodities related to our trading and farming operations. Franchise revenues are comprised of Franchise royalty revenues collected based on 2% to 6% of franchisee net sales and other franchise revenues which include initial and renewal franchisee fees. Vendor rebates are received based on volume purchases or services from franchise owned locations. In addition, we have Other revenues which consists of gift card breakage, which is recognized when we determine that there is no further legal obligation to remit the unredeemed gift card balance.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold includes commodity costs, labor, food and beverage cost, rent and other operating expenses.

Impairment of Intangible Assets

Impairment of intangible assets consist of an amount by which the carry amount of the intangible assets exceeds its fair value. This is recognized by us when the carry amount of an intangible asset is greater than the projected future undiscounted cash flows, as the asset is not fully recoverable.

40

Impairment of Goodwill

Impairment of goodwill consist of an amount by which the carry amount of the goodwill assets exceeds its fair value. This is recognized by us when the carry amount of goodwill is greater than the projected future discounted cash flows, as the asset is not fully recoverable.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses primarily consist of the depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of intangible assets.

Franchise Advertising Expenses

In accordance with Topic 606, the Company recognizes sales-based advertising contributions from franchisees as franchise revenue when the underlying franchisee incurs the corresponding advertising expense. The Company records the related advertising expenses as incurred under Sales, general and administrative expenses.

Pre-opening Expenses

Pre-opening expense primarily consist of expenses associated with opening a Company-operated location and expenses related to Company-operated locations or new business operations prior to the location opening or the transaction is finalized.

Post-closing Expenses

Post-closing expense primarily consist of expenses associated with closing a Company-operated location and expenses related to Company-operated locations after the location has closed.

Stock-based Expenses

Stock-based expenses include all expenses that are paid with stock. This includes stock-based consulting fees due to Aggia and other consultants, stock compensation paid to the our board of directors, and stock compensation paid to employees. The consulting fees due to Aggia related to ongoing Sadot Agri-Foods and expansion of the global agri-foods commodities business. Based on the initial Services Agreement with Aggia LLC FZ, a Company formed under the laws of United Arab Emirates (“Aggia”), the consulting fees were calculated at approximately 80.0% of the Net Income generated by Sadot Agri-Foods through March 31, 2023. As of April 1, 2023 the consulting agreement was amended to calculate consulting fees on 40.0% of the Net income generated by Sadot LLC. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, $6.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively, are recorded as Stock-based expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Sales, General and Administrative Expenses

Sales, general and administrative expenses include expenses associated with corporate and administrative functions that support our operations, including wages, benefits, travel expense, legal and professional fees, training, investor relations and other corporate costs. We incur incremental Sales, general and administrative expenses as a result of being a publicly listed company on the NASDAQ capital market. A certain portion of these expenses are related to the preparation of an initial stock offering and subsequent capital raises and should be considered one-time expenses.

Other (Expense) / Income

Other (expense) / income listed below the Loss from operations in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss consists of Gain of fair value remeasurement, Gain in fair value of stock-based compensation, Warrant modification expense, Interest expense, net, Other income and Gain on debt extinguishment. Gain / (loss) on fair value remeasurement consists of the fair value remeasurement recorded on a recurring basis on the forward sales contract which was deemed to be a derivative within the scope of ASC 815. Warrant modification expense consists of the expense incurred and the issuance of new warrants.

41

Income Tax Benefit /(Expense)

Income tax benefit / (expense) represent federal, state and local current and deferred income tax expense.

Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interests

Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests was $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2023 the Company created a joint-venture in which the Company has a 70% interest and the third-party equity ownership has a 30% Non-controlling interest.

Non-GAAP Measures

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are non-GAAP measures. We define EBITDA as Net loss, adjusted for depreciation, amortization, interest income / (expense), and income taxes. We define Adjusted EBITDA as Net loss, adjusted for depreciation, amortization, net interest (income) expense, income taxes, impairment expenses, stock-based consulting expense, other income, change in fair value of stock-based compensation, gain on extinguishment, warrant modification expense, and gain on fair value remeasurement derived from amounts presented in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss and the associated Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We believe that EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, (collectively, the “Non-GAAP Measures”) are useful metrics for investors to understand and evaluate our operating results and ongoing profitability because they permit investors to evaluate our recurring profitability from our ongoing operating activities.

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, have certain limitations, and you should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results of operations as reported under U.S. GAAP. We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definitions of any of the Non-GAAP Measures may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other issuers, because some issuers calculate certain of the Non-GAAP Measures differently or not at all, limiting their usefulness as direct comparative measures.

42

Reconciliations of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Other Non-GAAP Measures

The following table presents a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA from the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure, Net loss, and the calculations of the Net loss Margin and Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
	$’000	$’000
Net loss	(8,042)	(7,962)
Adjustments to EBITDA:
Depreciation and amortization expenses	1,808	2,015
Interest expense, net	469	7
Income tax (benefit) / expense	(15)	25
EBITDA	(5,780)	(5,915)
Adjustments to Adjusted EBITDA:
Impairment of intangible asset	811	347
Impairment of goodwill	828	—
Other income	(308)	(46)
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	(1,339)	—
Gain on debt extinguishment	—	(140)
Warrant modification expense	958	—
Gain on fair value remeasurement	(1,491)	—
Stock-based consulting expenses	6,192	3,716
Adjusted EBITDA	(129)	(2,038)
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to non-controlling interest	218	—
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	89	(2,038)
Gross Profit	9,931	4,392
Gross Profit attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	10,149	4,392
Net loss Margin attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(1.1)%	(4.9)%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	—%	(1.3)%

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Consolidated Results of Operations - Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2022

The following table represents selected items in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

	For the Years Ended December 31,		Variance
	2023	2022	$	%
	$’000	$’000	$’000
Commodity sales	717,506	150,586	566,920	376.5	%
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts	8,053	10,300	(2,247)	(21.8)	%
Franchise royalties and fees	1,041	727	314	43.2	%
Franchise advertising fund contributions	73	81	(8)	(9.9)	%
Other revenues	13	5	8	160.0	%
Cost of goods sold	(716,755)	(157,307)	(559,448)	355.6	%
Gross profit	9,931	4,392	5,539	126.1	%
Impairment of intangible asset	(811)	(347)	(464)	133.7	%
Impairment of goodwill	(828)	—	(828)	NM
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(1,808)	(2,015)	207	(10.3)	%
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(73)	(81)	8	(9.9)	%
Pre-opening expenses	(371)	(117)	(254)	217.1	%
Post-closing expenses	(212)	(197)	(15)	7.6	%
Stock-based expenses	(6,192)	(3,716)	(2,476)	66.6	%
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(9,404)	(6,035)	(3,369)	55.8	%
Loss from operations	(9,768)	(8,116)	(1,652)	20.4	%
Other income	308	46	262	569.6	%
Interest expense, net	(469)	(7)	(462)	6600.0	%
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	1,339	—	1,339	NM
Warrant modification expense	(958)	—	(958)	NM
Gain on fair value remeasurement	1,491	—	1,491	NM
Gain on debt extinguishment	—	140	(140)	(100.0)	%
Loss Before Income Tax	(8,057)	(7,937)	(120)	1.5	%
Income tax benefit / (expense)	15	(25)	40	(160.0)	%
Net loss	(8,042)	(7,962)	(80)	1.0	%
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	218	—	218	NM
Net loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(7,824)	(7,962)	138	(1.7)	%
NM= not meaningful

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The following table sets forth our results of operations as a percentage of total revenue for each period presented preceding:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Commodity sales	98.8	%	93.1	%
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts	1.1	%	6.4	%
Franchise royalties and fees	0.1	%	0.4	%
Franchise advertising fund contributions	—		0.1	%
Other revenues	—		—
Cost of goods sold	(98.6)	%	(97.3)	%
Gross profit	1.4	%	2.7	%
Impairment of intangible asset	(0.1)	%	(0.2)	%
Impairment of goodwill	(0.1)	%	—
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(0.2)	%	(1.2)	%
Franchise advertising fund expenses	—		(0.1)	%
Pre-opening expenses	(0.1)	%	(0.1)	%
Post-closing expenses	—		(0.1)	%
Stock-based expenses	(0.9)	%	(2.3)	%
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(1.3)	%	(3.7)	%
Loss from operations	(1.3)	%	(5.0)	%
Other income	—		1.0	%
Interest expense, net	(0.1)	%	(0.2)	%
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	0.2	%	—
Warrant modification expense	(0.1)	%	—
Gain on fair value remeasurement	0.2	%	—
Gain on debt extinguishment	—		3.2	%
Loss Before Income Tax	(1.1)	%	(4.9)	%
Income tax benefit / (expense)	—		—
Net loss	(1.1)	%	(4.9)	%
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	—		—
Net loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(1.1)	%	(4.9)	%

45

Gross Profit

	For the Years Ended December 31,		Variance
	2023	2022	$	%
	$’000	$’000	$’000
Commodity sales	717,506	150,586	566,920	376.5	%
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts	8,053	10,300	(2,247)	(21.8)	%
Franchise royalties and fees	1,041	727	314	43.2	%
Franchise advertising fund contributions	73	81	(8)	(9.9)	%
Other revenues	13	5	8	160.0	%
Cost of goods sold	(716,755)	(157,307)	(559,448)	355.6	%
Gross profit	9,931	4,392	5,539	126.1	%
NM= not meaningful

Our gross profit totaled $9.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The $5.5 million increase is primarily attributed to an increase in Commodity sales as a direct result of a full years worth of operations of Sadot Agri-Foods.

We generated Commodity sales of $717.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $150.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The $566.9 million increase or 376.5% is attributable to the formation of Sadot Agri-Foods in November 2022 and a full year's worth of sales generated from physical food related commodities in 2023.

We generated Company restaurant sales, net of discounts, of $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $10.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This represented an decrease of $2.2 million, or 21.8%, which is mainly attributable to conversion of a number of corporate restaurant locations to franchises, thus converting total revenue of a corporate owned location to 2% - 6% royalty revenue of a franchise location, and the closures of certain unprofitable corporate restaurant locations.

Franchise royalties and fees for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 totaled $1.0 million compared to $0.7 million, respectively. This represents an increase of $0.3 million, or 43.2%. which is primarily due to the sales and opening of new Pokemoto franchises and converting corporate owned and operated locations into franchise owned locations.

Franchise advertising fund contributions for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 totaled $0.1 million compared to $0.1 million, respectively. In accordance with Topic 606, the Company recognizes these sales-based advertising contributions from franchisees as franchise revenue when the underlying franchisee Company incurs the corresponding advertising expense. The decrease of $8.0 thousand or 9.9%, is a direct result of the decrease in Muscle Maker Grill franchises and the national advertising services to benefit the brand as a whole.

Other revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 totaled $13.0 thousand and $5.0 thousand, respectively. Other revenues consisted of gift card breakage recognized.

Cost of goods sold for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 totaled totaled $716.8 million and $157.3 million, respectively. The $559.4 million change was primarily due to a full years worth of operations of Sadot Agri-Foods.

Impairment of Intangible Assets

	For the Years Ended December 31,		Variance
	2023	2022	$	%
	$’000	$’000	$’000
Impairment of intangible asset	(811)	(347)	(464)	133.7	%

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Impairment of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 totaled $0.8 million and $0.3 million, respectively. On August 4, 2023, the Company announced its intention to reduce restaurant operating expenses by closing underperforming units while refranchising (selling) most of the remaining company-owned units. Due to the structural change of the Company's operations and the closing or marketing for sale of the Company owned stores an impairment testing of the Company’s intangible assets was performed and an impairment of $0.8 million was recognized.

Impairment of Goodwill

	For the Years Ended December 31,		Variance
	2023	2022	$	%
	$’000	$’000	$’000
Impairment of goodwill	(828)	—	(828)	NM

We had Impairment of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $0.8 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022 there was no Impairment of goodwill. On August 4, 2023, the Company announced its intention to reduce restaurant operating expenses by closing underperforming units while refranchising (selling) most of the remaining company-owned units. Due to the structural change of the Company's operations and the closing or marketing for sale of the Company owned stores an impairment testing of the Company’s goodwill was performed and an impairment of $0.8 million. was recognized.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

	For the Years Ended December 31,		Variance
	2023	2022	$	%
	$’000	$’000	$’000
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(1,808)	(2,015)	207	(10.3)	%

Depreciation and amortization expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 totaled $1.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively. The $0.2 million decrease is mainly attributed to closing underperforming units while refranchising (selling) most of the remaining company-owned unit and the disposal of the corresponding assets partially offset by the asset purchase of the farmland and corresponding farming equipment.

Franchise Advertising Fund Expenses

	For the Years Ended December 31,		Variance
	2023	2022	$	%
	$’000	$’000	$’000
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(73)	(81)	8	(9.9)	%

Franchise advertising fund expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 totaled $0.1 million compared to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The $8.0 thousand or 9.9% decrease is mainly attributed to the decrease in Muscle Maker Grill national advertising services to benefit the brand.

Pre-opening Expenses

	For the Years Ended December 31,		Variance
	2023	2022	$	%
	$’000	$’000	$’000
Pre-opening expenses	(371)	(117)	(254)	217.1	%

Pre-opening expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, totaled $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The increase in pre-opening expense resulted from expenses incurred at the farm in Zambia from the time that we signed the paper work for the purchase of the farm assets and when the purchase was finalized by the Zambian government.

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Post-Closing Expenses

	For the Years Ended December 31,		Variance
	2023	2022	$	%
	$’000	$’000	$’000
Post-closing expenses	(212)	(197)	(15)	7.6	%

Post-closing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled $0.2 million compared to $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in Post-closing expenses resulted from expenses incurred after the closing of underperforming or refranchising Company-owned stores.

Stock-Based Expenses

	For the Years Ended December 31,		Variance
	2023	2022	$	%
	$’000	$’000	$’000
Stock-based expenses	(6,192)	(3,716)	(2,476)	66.6	%

Stock-based consulting expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023, totaled $6.2 million compared to $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The primary increase in Stock-based consulting expenses is the result of consulting fees due to Aggia for Sadot Agri-Foods operations. Based on the service agreement with Aggia, the consulting fees are calculated at approximately 40% of the Net income generated by the Sadot Agri-Foods business segment. The increase is also the result in an increase in stock-based compensation paid to consultant, board members and employees.

Sales, General and Administrative Expenses

	For the Years Ended December 31,		Variance
	2023	2022	$	%
	$’000	$’000	$’000
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(9,404)	(6,035)	(3,369)	55.8	%

Sales, general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 totaled $9.4 million and $6.0 million, respectively. The $3.4 million increase was primarily attributable to an increase in investor relations fees resulting from building brand awareness and changing the corporate name, an increase in professional and consulting fees as a result of the expansion of our business and acquisitions, and an increase in employee salaries and benefits due to an increase in personal to support the new business lines.

Other Income

	For the Years Ended December 31,		Variance
	2023	2022	$	%
	$’000	$’000	$’000
Total other income / (expense), net	1,711	179	1,532	855.9	%

Other income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 totaled $1.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The other income was primarily attributable to an increase of $1.5 million in the gain on the fair value remeasurement as a result of the mark to market adjustment of derivatives, an increase of $1.3 million in the Change in fair value of stock-based compensation due to the difference in the stock price at the time of the stock issuance and agreed upon price to Aggia, an increase of $0.3 million in Other income, an increase of $1.0 million in warrant modification expense, a $0.5 million increase in Interest expense, net , partially offset by a decrease of $0.1 million on the Gain on debt extinguishment.

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The following table represents selected items in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, by our operating segments:

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Sadot food service	Sadot agri-foods	Corporate adj.	Total segments
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Commodity sales	—	717,506	—	717,506
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts	8,053	—	—	8,053
Franchise royalties and fees	1,041	—	—	1,041
Franchise advertising fund contributions	73	—	—	73
Other revenues	13	—	—	13
Cost of goods sold	(8,883)	(707,872)	—	(716,755)
Gross profit	297	9,634	—	9,931
Impairment of intangible asset	(811)	—	—	(811)
Impairment of goodwill	(828)	—	—	(828)
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(665)	(151)	(992)	(1,808)
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(73)	—	—	(73)
Pre-opening expenses	(36)	(335)	—	(371)
Post-closing expenses	(211)	—	(1)	(212)
Stock-based expenses	—	—	(6,192)	(6,192)
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(437)	(1,551)	(7,416)	(9,404)
(Loss) / income from operations	(2,764)	7,597	(14,601)	(9,768)
Other income	1	—	307	308
Interest expense, net	(1)	(52)	(416)	(469)
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	—	—	1,339	1,339
Warrant modification expense	—	—	(958)	(958)
Gain on fair value remeasurement	—	1,491	—	1,491
Gain on debt extinguishment	—	—	—	—
Loss Before Income Tax	(2,764)	9,036	(14,329)	(8,057)
Income tax benefit / (expense)	(1)	—	16	15
Net (loss) / income	(2,765)	9,036	(14,313)	(8,042)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	—	218	—	218
Net (loss) / income attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(2,765)	9,254	(14,313)	(7,824)
Total assets	10,416	162,175	5,500	178,091

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The following table represents selected items in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022, by our operating segments:

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Sadot food service	Sadot agri-foods	Corporate adj.	Total segments
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Commodity sales	—	150,586	—	150,586
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts	10,300	—	—	10,300
Franchise royalties and fees	727	—	—	727
Franchise advertising fund contributions	81	—	—	81
Other revenues	5	—	—	5
Cost of goods sold	(11,270)	(146,037)	—	(157,307)
Gross profit	(157)	4,549	—	4,392
Impairment of intangible asset	(347)	—	—	(347)
Impairment of goodwill	—	—	—	—
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(2,015)	—	—	(2,015)
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(81)	—	—	(81)
Pre-opening expenses	(117)	—	—	(117)
Post-closing expenses	(197)	—	—	(197)
Stock-based expenses	—	—	(3,716)	(3,716)
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(601)	(97)	(5,337)	(6,035)
(Loss) / income from operations	(3,515)	4,452	(9,053)	(8,116)
Other income	80	—	(34)	46
Interest expense, net	21	—	(28)	(7)
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	—	—	—	—
Gain on debt extinguishment	140	—	—	140
(Loss) / income before income tax	(3,274)	4,452	(9,115)	(7,937)
Income tax benefit / (expense)	—	—	(25)	(25)
Net (loss) income	(3,274)	4,452	(9,140)	(7,962)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	—	—	—	—
Net (loss) / income attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(3,274)	4,452	(9,140)	(7,962)
Total assets	16,340	7,915	2,975	27,230

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Working Capital

We measure our liquidity in a number of ways, including the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Cash	1,354	9,898
Accounts Receivable, net	52,920	135
Inventory	2,561	298
Other current assets(1)	56,016	317
Total current assets	112,851	10,648
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	50,167	1,953
Accrued stock-based compensation expense, related party	—	3,603
Notes payable, net	6,531	222
Other current liabilities(2)	47,884	837
Total current liabilities	104,582	6,615
Working capital(3)	8,269	4,033
Current ratio(4)	1.08	1.61

(1) Consists of Prepaid expenses and other current assets, Prepaid forward on carbon offsets, Forward sales derivatives and Notes receivable, current

(2) Consists of Operating lease liability, current, Deferred revenue, current and Other current liabilities

(3) Working Capital is defined as Total current assets less Total current liabilities

(4) Current ratio is defined as Total current assets divided by Total current liabilities

Availability of Additional Funds

Our main financial objectives are to prudently manage financial risk, ensure access to liquidity and minimize cost of capital in order to efficiently finance our business and maintain balance sheet strength. We generally finance our ongoing operations with cash flows generated from operations, borrowings under various credit facilities and term loans. At December 31, 2023, current ratio, which equals Total current assets divided by Total current liabilities, was 1.08, a decrease of 0.53, compared to current ratio of 1.61 at December 31, 2022. The decrease in current ratio was primarily due to an increase in Accounts payable and accrued expenses as well as an increase in Other current liabilities which was primarily driven by increased Deferred revenue, partially offset by the increase in Accounts receivable as well as Other current assets. At December 31, 2023, working capital, which equals Total current assets less Total current liabilities, was $8.3 million an increase of $4.2 million, compared to working capital of $4.0 million at December 31, 2022. The increase in working capital was primarily due to an increase in Accounts receivable, which was primarily driven by increased Commodity sales, the prepaid forward on carbon offset, partially offset by an increase in Accounts payable and Notes payable, current. In addition, the Company has access to additional liquidity if it is needed through an executed Standby Equity Purchase Agreement ("SEPA") for up to $25.0 million in capital whereby the Company, once the initial prepayment loan is fully paid off may submit advance requests to the lender and the lender will provide cash in consideration of shares of common stock subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the SEPA.

In the event we are required to obtain additional financing, either through borrowings, private placements, public offerings, or some type of business combination, such as a merger, or buyout, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in such pursuits. We may be unable to acquire the additional funding necessary to continue operating. Accordingly, if we are unable to generate adequate cash from operations, and if we are unable to find sources of funding, it may be necessary for us to sell one or more lines of business or all or a portion of our assets, enter into a business combination or reduce or eliminate operations. These possibilities, to the extent available, may be on terms that result in significant dilution to our shareholders or that result in our shareholders losing all of their investment in our Company.

If we need to raise additional capital, we do not know what the terms of any such capital raising would be. In addition, any future sale of our equity securities could dilute the ownership and control of your shares and could be at prices substantially

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below prices at which our shares currently trade. We may seek to increase our cash reserves through the sale of additional equity or debt securities. The sale of convertible debt securities or additional equity securities could result in additional and potentially substantial dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations and liquidity. In addition, our ability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms is subject to a variety of uncertainties. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure to raise additional funds on favorable terms could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition.

Sources and Uses of Cash for the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we used Net cash of $13.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively, in operations. Our Net cash used for the year ended December 31, 2023, was primarily attributable to our Net loss of $8.1 million, adjusted for net non-cash expense in the aggregate amount of $9.5 million offset by $14.9 million of Net cash used in changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities. Our Net cash used for the year ended December 31, 2022, was primarily attributable to our Net loss of $7.9 million, adjusted for net non-cash expenses in the aggregate amount of $6.2 million, partially offset by $1.6 million of Net cash used in changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, Net cash used in investing activities was $3.5 million, of which, $7.5 million was used to purchase Property and equipment, partially offset by $0.4 million, which was generated on the Disposal of property and equipment and by investment from non-controlling interest of $3.7 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022, Net cash used in investing activities was $5.4 million, of which $4.9 million was used on a deposit to purchase farmland, $0.6 million was used to purchase Property and equipment, partially offset by $0.1 million collected from loans to franchisees.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, Net cash provided by financing activities was $8.3 million, consisting of proceeds from notes payable of $11.9 million, proceeds from exercise of warrants of $2.2 million, partially offset by the repayments of notes payable of $5.7 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022, Net cash used in financing activities was $0.2 million, consisting of repayments of notes payable of $0.2 million.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 – Significant accounting policies to our consolidated financial statements included as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As disclosed in Note 2, the preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make substantial judgment or estimation in their application that may significantly affect reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. We believe the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies, which are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management's most difficult, subjective and complex judgments.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB” issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires companies to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use leased assets on the Balance Sheets and to disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Qualitative and quantitative disclosures will be enhanced to better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted.

Additionally, in 2018 and 2019, the FASB issued the following Topic 842–related ASUs:

ASU 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, which clarifies the applicability of Topic 842 to land easements and provides an optional transition practical expedient for existing land easements;

ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which makes certain technical corrections to Topic 842;

ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which allows companies to adopt Topic 842 without revising comparative period reporting or disclosures and provides an optional practical expedient to lessors to not separate lease and non-lease components of a contract if certain criteria are met; and

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ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements, which provides guidance for certain lessors on determining the fair value of an underlying asset in a lease and on the cash flow statement presentation of lease payments received; ASU No. 2019-01 also clarifies disclosures required in interim periods after adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 in the year of adoption.

The Company adopted Topic 842 as of January 1, 2022 and recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit of $15.0 thousand as of the adoption date, and recognized an additional $7.8 thousand during the second quarter of 2022, based on updated information on two of our leases, for an aggregate cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit of $22.8 thousand.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08 Business Combinations (“Topic 805”): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. The ASU requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, as if it had originated the contracts. Under the current business combinations guidance, such assets and liabilities were recognized by the acquirer at fair value on the acquisition date. The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended subsequently by ASUs 2018-19, 2019-04, 2019-05, 2019-10, 2019-11 and 2020-03. The guidance in the ASUs requires that credit losses be reported using an expected losses model rather than the incurred losses model that is currently used. The standard also establishes additional disclosures related to credit risks. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2023 did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06 Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. Among other changes, ASU 2020-06 removes the liability and equity separation model for convertible instruments with a cash conversion feature, and as a result, after adoption, entities will no longer separately present in equity an embedded conversion feature for such debt. Similarly, the embedded conversion feature will no longer be amortized into income as interest expense over the life of the instrument. Instead, entities will account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt unless (1) a convertible instrument contains features that require bifurcation as a derivative under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or (2) a convertible debt instrument was issued at a substantial premium. Additionally, ASU 2020-06 requires the application of the if-converted method to calculate the impact of convertible instruments on diluted earnings per share and updates the disclosure requirements in ASC 470-20, making them easier to understand for financial statement preparers and improving the decision-usefulness and relevance of the information for financial statement users. The Company early adopted the new guidance from January 1, 2023, noting no material impact.

In April 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt— Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options” (“ASU 2021-04”) to clarify the accounting by issuers for modifications or exchanges of equity-classified warrants. The new ASU is effective for all entities in fiscal years starting after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the new guidance from January 1, 2023, noting no material impact.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). The standard requires incremental disclosures related to reportable segments, including disaggregated expense information and the title and position of the company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), as identified for purposes of segment determination. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities must adopt the changes to the segment reporting guidance on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

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Item 7.A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The Financial Statements required by this Item 8 are included in this Annual Report following Item 16 hereof. As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide supplementary financial information.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants On Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9.A. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15€ promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the year ended December 31, 2023. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of such date our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information requested to be disclosed by us in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Our management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on these criteria.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our Company has added and will continue to add additional internal control procedures, additional resources and software to increase the internal control aspects of the company as we integrate our Sadot subsidiary into the overall business. Other than the above changes, there were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the year ended December 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9.B. Other information

On February 28, 2024, the Company executed an offer of employment, effective March 1, 2024, with Fausto Plaza. This employment provides Mr. Plaza the responsibility to assist in managing the day-to-day operations of the various commodity trade and farm operations of Sadot Group. Mr. Plaza previously acted as a consultant to Sadot Latam. The consulting agreement provides for $0.5 million in annual fees and 15% profit sharing once the annual fees have been earned by Sadot. Mr. Plaza will continue to operate in this role, in addition to assisting in managing the day-to-day operations of the other commodity trade and farm operations, but as an employee of Sadot Group.

Item 9.C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections

During the year ended December 31, 2023, no director or officer adopted or terminated (i) any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of securities of the Company intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or (ii) any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as defined in paragraph (c) of item 408 of Regulation S-K.

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Board of Directors and Executive Officers

Our directors hold office until their successors are elected and qualified, or until their deaths, resignations or removals. Our executive officers hold office at the pleasure of our board of directors, or until their deaths, resignations or removals.

As of March 20, 2024, our current directors and executive officers and their ages are:

Name	Age	Principal Positions
Kevin Mohan (1)	50	Chief Investment Officer and Chairman of the Board
Michael J. Roper	59	Chief Executive Officer
Kenneth Miller	54	Chief Operating Officer
Jennifer Black	42	Chief Financial Officer
Aimee Infante	37	Chief Marketing Officer
Stephen A. Spanos (2)	61	Director
Jeff Carl (3)	68	Director
Benjamin Petel (4)	45	Director, Secretary
Na Yeon (“Hannah”) Oh (5)	39	Director
Ray Shankar (6)	48	Director
Marvin Yeo (7)	52	Director
Paul Sansom (8)	59	Director
Mark McKinney (9)	61	Director
David Errington (10)	45	Director
Dr. Ahmed Khan (11)	40	Director

(1)Mr. Mohan serves as the Chairman of the Board.

(2)Mr. Spanos serves as the Chairman of the Audit Committee.

(3)Mr. Carl is a member of the Compensation Committee.

(4)Mr. Petel serves as the Chairman of the Sustainability Committee.

(5)Ms. Oh is a member of the Sustainability Committee.

(6)Mr. Shankar serves as the Chairman of the Compensation Committee and is a member of the Governance Committee.

(7)Mr. Yeo is a member of the Sustainability Committee.

(8)Mr. Sansom is a member of the Audit Committee.

(9)Mr. McKinney is a member of the Compensation Committee and of the Audit Committee.

(10)Mr. Errington serves as the Chairman of the Governance Committee.

(11)Dr. Khan is a member of the Governance Committee.

Executive Officers

Kevin Mohan. Mr. Mohan has served as the Chief Investment Officer for Sadot Group Inc. (formerly Muscle Maker Inc.) since May 2018. He was instrumental in recruiting a new executive management team, and together they led the Company’s IPO in 2019. During his tenure with the Company, Mr. Mohan developed multiple financial initiatives, including the transformative agreement with Aggia LLC FZ which resulted in the formation of Sadot LLC. Mr. Mohan has more than 15 years of experience in capital markets and strategic business management. Prior to joining the Company, he served as Vice President of Capital Markets for American Restaurant Holdings Inc., a company focused on acquiring and expanding fast casual restaurant brands.

Based on his experience we have deemed Mr. Mohan fit to serve on the Board and as Chairman of the Board.

Michael J. Roper. Mr. Roper has served as Chief Executive Officer, of Sadot Group, Inc. since May 1, 2018. Mr. Roper has unique experience ranging from owning and operating several franchise locations through the corporate executive levels. From May 2015 through October 2017, Mr. Roper served as Chief Executive Officer of Taco Bueno where he was

55

responsible for defining strategy and providing leadership to 162 company-owned and operated locations along with 23 franchised locations. From March 2014 through May 2015, Mr. Roper served as the Chief Operating Officer of Taco Bueno and from July 2013 through March 2014 as the Chief Development and Technology Officer of Taco Bueno. Prior to joining Taco Bueno, Mr. Roper was a franchise owner and operator of a IMS Barter franchise and held several roles with Quiznos Sub from 2000 to 2012 starting as a franchise owner and culminating in his appointment as the Chief Operating Officer/Executive Vice President of Operations in 2009. Mr. Roper received a Bachelor of Science in Business and General Management from Northern Illinois University.

Based on his education and extensive experience in the restaurant/franchise industry, we have deemed Mr. Roper fit to serve as our principal executive officer.

Kenneth Miller. Mr. Miller has served as Chief Operating Officer of Sadot Group, Inc. since September 26, 2018. Mr. Miller has served in the restaurant business for an extensive portion of his career. Prior to joining us as Chief Operating Officer in September 2018, Mr. Miller served as the Senior Vice President of Operations for Dickey’s BBQ Restaurant from April 2018 through September 2018 and in various capacities with Taco Bueno Restaurants, LP from October 2013 through April 2018 culminating in the position of Senior Vice President of Operations. Mr. Miller received a Bachelor of Arts in Business/Exercise Science from Tabor College in 1991.

Based on his education and extensive experience in the restaurant/franchise industry, we have deemed Mr. Miller fit to serve as our Chief Operating Officer.

Jennifer Black. Ms. Black has served as Chief Financial Officer of Sadot Group, Inc. since January 2, 2022. Ms. Black is an experienced Chief Financial Officer with a demonstrated history of working with public and private equity backed organizations. Prior to joining the Company, from September 2018 through December 2021, Ms. Black served as the Chief Financial Officer for Eagle Pressure Control LLC (“Eagle”) and Talon Pressure Control, oilfield service companies. From October 2015 through September 2018, Ms. Black served as the Controller for AG Resource Management, a private equity backed agriculture lending company, and as the Controller for Basic Energy Services, an oil and gas services company, from January 2013 through October 2015. Ms. Black has also held various other roles including Vice President of SEC reporting with OMNI American Bank and Audit Manager with RSM McGladrey. In November 2020, Eagle, as a result of various events including an oil and gas work related incident, decline of oil and gas prices and the impact from COVID-19, filed for bankruptcy protection under Subchapter V under Chapter 11 in the US Bankruptcy Court, Southern District of Texas (Houston) (Bankruptcy Petition #: 20-35474). Ms. Black is a Certified Public Accountant and a Chartered Global Management Accountant. Ms. Black received a Master of Business Administration from Jack Welch Management Institute in 2018 and Bachelor of Science in Accounting and Finance from Texas Tech University in 2003.

Based on her education and extensive experience in the financial and accounting industries, we have deemed Ms. Black fit to serve as our Chief Financial Officer.

Aimee Infante. Ms. Infante has served as the Chief Marketing Officer of Sadot Group, Inc. since May 6, 2019. Ms. Infante had previously served as the Vice President of Marketing of each of Muscle Maker Development, LLC and Muscle Maker Corp., LLC since August 25, 2017 and September 15, 2017, respectively. From June 6, 2017 to September 15, 2017, she was the Vice President of Marketing of Muscle Maker Brands Conversion, Inc. From February 2016 through June 5, 2017, she served as the Vice President of Marketing of Muscle Maker Brands, LLC, which converted into Muscle Maker Brands Conversion, Inc. on June 6, 2017. From January 2015 through January 2016, Ms. Infante served as our Director of Marketing of Muscle Maker Brands. Ms. Infante was Director of Marketing of Muscle Maker Franchising from October 2014 to January 2015. Ms. Infante was employed by Qdoba Mexican Grill in Denver, Colorado from November 2010 to April 2014, serving as Regional Marketing Specialist from November 2010 to October 2012 and Marketing Manager from October 2012 to April 2014. Ms. Infante holds a Bachelor of Science in Marketing from Rider University.

Based on her education and extensive experience in the restaurant/franchise industry, we have deemed Ms. Infante fit to serve as our Chief Marketing Officer.

Stephen A. Spanos. Mr. Spanos has provided financial and accounting consulting services for both privately held and public companies. From 2009 to 2013, Mr. Spanos served as the Chief Financial Officer of Orion Seafood International, Inc., a marketer of frozen lobster products, and as the Controller of Reef Point Systems, a provider of security solutions for converged wireless and wireline networks in the United States, from 2005 to 2013. Mr. Spanos served as an audit manager

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for BDO USA, LLP and as an auditor for Ernst & Young. Mr. Spanos received his MBA and BS in Business Administration, Accounting and Finance from Boston University.

Based on his education and extensive experience in financial and accounting matters, we have deemed that Mr. Spanos is fit to serve on the Board.

Jeff Carl. With 30+ years of international experience in marketing/communications, digital technology and manufacturing, Mr. Carl brings a global perspective to Sadot Group. Since February 2017, Mr. Carl has been an independent brand strategy consultant in the hospitality and retail industries. He also serves as Executive Director for Nice & Company, a San Francisco based marketing firm. Mr. Carl has previously served as Chief Marketing Officer for several private and publicly-held companies including Taco Bueno Restaurants, the Tavistock Restaurant Group, and McDonald’s Corporation – Canada/Latin America. As Corporate Vice President for McDonald’s he also led sports and entertainment partnerships as well as the licensing, design and manufacturing for the Company’s global toy program, producing 1.8 billion toys annually. Earlier in his career, Mr. Carl was Managing Director of Creata Inc., a global marketing and manufacturing agency. Mr. Carl received a BA from Wake Forest University and an MBA from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Based on his experience within the restaurant industry and due to the fact that he has held senior level executive positions with a focus on advertising and marketing, we have deemed Mr. Carl a fit to serve on the Board.

Benjamin Petel. Mr. Petel has been engaged as a Business Development Specialist in the global agricultural commodity trading field for the past decade. His experience spans across the various aspects of international commodity trading, finance and operations. In addition, Mr. Petel has worked in other fields as a Business Development and strategic networking expert, initiating and executing multi-million dollar projects across the globe. Since 2019, Mr. Petel has been engaged as a Business Development Specialist and consultant to various agriculture and food companies in capacities ranging from corporate finance and M&A to commercial development and operational control. In addition, from 2015 and until 2019, Mr. Petel served as a strategic networking specialist in various fields and industries. Mr. Petel received a Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration and General Management from Bar-Ilan University in 2014.

Based on his experience within the commodity trading industry, the Company has deemed Mr. Petel as a fit to serve on the Board.

Na Yeon (“Hannah”) Oh. Ms. Oh boasts over 15 years of hands-on experience in commercial leadership and sustainability advocacy, with a distinguished career at Bayer where she held numerous leadership positions. Throughout her tenure, she served as Head of Marketing, spearheading impactful campaigns; led Data and Digitalization initiatives, driving organizational transformations; managed Supply Chain operations, ensuring efficiency and resilience; and developed Climate Strategies, addressing the future of regenerative farming practices.

Recognized as a driving force for positive change, Ms. Oh is deeply committed to fostering connections between agri-food and climate technology startups, philanthropic foundations, and impact capital. As an advisory board member to multiple startups, she provides strategic guidance and support, leveraging her extensive experience to nurture and accelerate their growth trajectory.

Currently, as the co-founder and investor at IXO, Ms. Oh is focused on setting new standards using blockchain and AI to bring transparency and integrity through high-definition impact data and outcome-focused investment strategies. Leveraging IXO's real-time digital Measurement, Reporting, and Verification capabilities, Ms. Oh and her team brings new governance models around verification and origination of carbon credits through technology- based solutions.

Based on her experience within the agri-food industry, the Company has deemed Ms. Oh as a fit to serve on the Board.

Ray Shankar. Mr. Shankar has been a Partner since 2019 at Oon & Bazul LLP, a prominent regional law firm where he manages the Private Wealth and Family Office Practice. He routinely advises ultra-high net worth families on the structuring of their family offices, tax and immigration incentive applications as well as legacy planning. Mr. Shankar specializes in advising on the establishment of family offices, which includes legacy and estate planning, wills, trusts, family charters/constitutions, tax efficient structures and succession planning. Prior to joining Oon & Bazul LLP, Mr. Shankar served as the Managing Director of Ring City Limited, a group of operating companies in various sectors. Mr. Shankar received his Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from the National University of Singapore.

Based on his legal, finance and business experience, the Company has deemed Mr. Shankar as a fit to serve on the Board.

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Marvin Yeo. Mr. Yeo is an experienced executive with over 25 years of experience in the finance industry. From 2014 through present, Mr. Yeo has served as the founding partner of Golden Rock Capital, a pan-Asia focused strategic advisory firm that focuses on mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance and private equity. Prior to founding Golden Rock Capital, Mr. Yeo held a number of rolls with Frontier Investment & Development Partners, Asian Development Bank, Barclays Capital, Nomura International and Deutsche Bank. Mr. Yeo received his Bachelor of Engineering from Monash University, Chartered Financial Analyst certificate from the CFA Institute and an MBA from Insead.

Based on his finance and business experience, the Company has deemed Mr. Yeo as a fit to serve on the Board.

Paul Sansom. Mr. Sansom is a qualified UK Chartered Accountant and member of UK Association of Corporate Treasurers. He has over 30m years experience in blue chip finance roles in various industries, including PepsiCo and BMW plus operational partner in Private Equity funds within the Middle East. He has held CEO / General Manager roles within family owned businesses in Middle East and West Africa.

He currently is a senior partner with a Private Equity fund in the Middle East, a Board Director for a electricity generator within the UK and Board Director for portfolio companies within the Private Equity Fund. He acts as Audit Chair within one of the privately held businesses. Paul holds a BA (Hons) Economics.

Based on his start-up, finance and business experience, the Company has deemed Mr. Sansom as a fit to serve on the Board.

Mark McKinney. Mr. McKinney brings more than 30 years of domestic and international C-Level experience across various industries, six countries and three continents. Most recently, Mr. McKinney served as Chief Operating Officer of Local Bounti, a leading Ag-tech company specializing in indoor farming. During his tenure, Mr. McKinney was instrumental in the successful execution of the company’s initial public offering on the NYSE, establishing Local Bounti as a key player in the industry. Prior to Local Bounti, from 2018 to 2021, Mr. McKinney was Chief Operating Officer at Fruit Growers (Sunkist Cooperative) where he managed multiple business verticals and supply chain operations supporting 39 packing houses and thousands of Sunkist growers. From 2015 through 2017, Mr. McKinney was CEO of Al Ghurair Foods, where he managed nine business lines with operations in four countries. From 1993 to 2015, Mr. McKinney served in various senior roles at the Dole Food Company, including Senior Director positions in Dole Asia, Ltd. and Dole Europe S.A., President and Managing Director of Dole Thailand and President of Dole Packaged Foods Asia. Mr. McKinney’s career includes several Board and Advisory roles. He holds an MBA from Claremont University’s Peter F. Drucker Graduate Management Center and a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Engineering from California Polytechnic University, Pomona.

Based on his international, supply chain support and business experience, the Company has deemed Mr. McKinney as a fit to serve on the Board.

David Errington. Mr. Errington brings more than 20 years of experience in Sustainability and Environmental Sector with 13 years regional expertise in the Gulf Cooperation Council, including KSA, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, UAE and Oman. Since January 2020, Mr. Errington has served as the Head of Engineering / Senior Technical Resource Manager for the Saudi Investment Recycling Company. From January 2014 through December 2019, Mr. Errington was employed by Ecolog International FZE, a leading provider of supply chain, construction, technology, facility management and environmental services, providing turnkey and customized solutions to governments and defense, humanitarian organizations and commercial clients in the sectors of oil & gas, mining, energy and infrastructure projects. Mr. Errington received a BSc (Hons) Chemistry from the University of Durham.

Based on his sustainability and environmental sector business experience, the Company has deemed Mr. Errington as a fit to serve on the Board.

Ahmed Khan, EngD. Dr. Khan brings more than 15 years of experience in research and development (R&D) and operations, with experience in various sectors, including waste/environmental management and the automotive sector. Most recently, Dr. Khan led a team of engineers and laboratories at Saudi Investment Recycling Company, which advises government agencies on waste management strategies and ensures compliance with regulatory bodies. Prior to Saudi Investment Recycling Company, Dr. Khan held several leadership positions including R&D Technical Director at Guilford Europe where he was responsible for ensuring planning and direction of technical and innovation programs, including design validation planning and technical oversight. He also held several positions at UtilEco Middle East including the role of R&D Director where he was responsible for planning and direction of technical and customer-led programs. Dr. Khan holds a Doctorate in Biochemical Engineering and a Masters of Research, Biochemical as well as a Bachelor of Science, Biochemistry and Bachelor of Engineering, Biochemical.

Based on his research and development and environmental management experience, the Company has deemed Dr. Khan as a fit to serve on the Board.

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Family Relationships

There are no family relationships among any of our executive officers and directors.

Corporate Governance

Board of Directors and Board Committees

Our stock (symbol: SDOT) is listed on the NASDAQ capital market. Under the rules of Nasdaq, “independent” directors must make up a majority of a listed company’s board of directors. In addition, applicable NASDAQ rules require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit and compensation committees be independent within the meaning of the applicable NASDAQ rules. Audit committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.

Our board of directors currently consists of 11 members. Our board of directors has determined that Paul Sansom, Stephen Spanos, Jeff Carl, Hannah Oh. Ray Shankar, Marvin Yeo, Mark McKinney, David Errington and Dr. Ahmed Khan qualify as independent directors in accordance with the NASDAQ Capital Market, or NASDAQ listing requirements. Kevin Mohan and Benjamin Petel are not considered independent as they operate in the day to day operational decisions of the Company. Nasdaq’s independence definition includes a series of objective tests, such as that the director is not, and has not been for at least 3 years, one of our employees and that neither the director nor any of his or her family members has engaged in various types of business dealings with us. In addition, as required by NASDAQ rules, our board of directors has made a subjective determination as to each independent director that no relationships exist that, in the opinion of our board of directors, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In making these determinations, our board of directors reviewed and discussed information provided by the directors and us regarding each director’s business and personal activities and relationships as they may relate to us and our management. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

As required under NASDAQ rules and regulations and in expectation of listing on NASDAQ, our independent directors meet in regularly scheduled executive sessions at which only independent directors are present.

Board Leadership Structure and Board’s Role in Risk Oversight

Kevin Mohan is the Chairman of the Board. The Chairman has authority, among other things, to preside over the Board meetings and set the agenda for the Board meetings. Accordingly, the Chairman has substantial ability to shape the work of our Board. We currently believe that separation of the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer ensures appropriate oversight by the Board of our business and affairs. However, no single leadership model is right for all companies and at all times. The Board recognizes that depending on the circumstances, other leadership models, such as the appointment of a lead Independent director, might be appropriate. Accordingly, the Board may periodically review its leadership structure.

Our Board is generally responsible for the oversight of corporate risk in its review and deliberations relating to our activities. Our principal source of risk falls into two categories, financial and product commercialization. The audit committee oversees management of financial risks; our Board regularly reviews information regarding our cash position, liquidity and operations, as well as the risks associated with each. Our Compensation Committee is expected to oversee risk management as it relates to our compensation plans, policies and practices for all employees including executives and directors, particularly whether our compensation programs may create incentives for our employees to take excessive or inappropriate risks which could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Committees of the Board of Directors

The Board of Directors has already established an Audit Committee (the “Audit Committee”), a Compensation Committee (the “Compensation Committee”), a Sustainability Committee (the "Sustainability Committee") and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (“Governance Committee”). The composition and function of each committee are described below.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee has three members, including Messrs. McKinney, Spanos and Sansom. Mr. Spanos serves as the chairman of the Audit Committee and satisfies the definition of “audit committee financial expert”.

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Our Audit committee is authorized to:

•approve and retain the independent auditors to conduct the annual audit of our financial statements;

•review the proposed scope and results of the audit;

•review and pre-approve audit and non-audit fees and services;

•review accounting and financial controls with the independent auditors and our financial and accounting staff;

•review and approve transactions between us and our directors, officers and affiliates;

•recognize and prevent prohibited non-audit services; and

•establish procedures for complaints received by us regarding accounting matters; oversee internal audit functions, if any.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee has three members, including Messrs. Carl, McKinney and Shankar. Mr. Shankar serves as the chairman of the Compensation Committee.

Our Compensation Committee is authorized to:

•review and determine the compensation arrangements for management;

•establish and review general compensation policies with the objective to attract and retain superior talent, to reward individual performance and to achieve our financial goals;

•administer our stock incentive and purchase plans; and

•review the independence of any compensation advisers.

Sustainability Committee

The Sustainability Committee has three members, including Messrs. Petel, Yeo, and Ms. Oh. Mr. Patel serves as the chairman of the Sustainability Committee.

Our Sustainability Committee's duties include reviewing and making recommendations to the Board on, the Company's policy and performance in relation to sustainability-related matters, including:

•health and safety;

•process safety;

•the environment;

•climate change;

•human rights;

•historical cultural heritage and land access;

•community relations;

•ESG and impact initiatives and implementation.

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Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The Governance Committee has three members, including Messrs. Errington, Khan and Shankar. Mr. Errington serves as the chairman of the Governance Committee.

The functions of our Governance Committee, among other things, include:

•identifying individuals qualified to become board members and recommending director;

•nominees and board members for committee membership;

•developing and recommending to our board corporate governance guidelines;

•review and determine the compensation arrangements for directors; and

•overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and its committees and management.

Our goal is to assemble a Board that brings together a variety of skills derived from high quality business and professional experience.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of the members of our Compensation Committee, at any time, has been one of our officers or employees. Except for Mr. Mohan, none of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past year has served, as a member of the Board of Directors or Compensation Committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers on our Board of Directors or Compensation Committee. For a description of transactions between us and members of our Compensation Committee and affiliates of such members, please see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions”.

Board Diversity Matrix (as of December 31, 2023):

The Board believes that a diverse membership having a variety of skills, styles, experience and competencies is an important feature of a well-functioning board. Accordingly, the Board believes that diversity of viewpoints, backgrounds and experience (inclusive of gender, age, race and ethnicity) should be a consideration in Board succession planning and recruiting. In recent years, the Governance Committee has taken this priority to heart in its nominations process, and the diversity of the Board has grown significantly. The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC Listing Rules’ (the “NASDAQ Listing Rules”) objective for listed companies to have at least two diverse directors, including one who self-identifies as female and one who self-identifies as either an underrepresented minority or LGBTQ+. The chart below provides certain information regarding the diversity of the Board as of December 31, 2023.

Total Number of Directors	Male	Female	Gender undisclosed
Part I: Gender Identity
Directors	9	1	1
Part II: Demographic Background
White	6	—	—
Asian	3	1	—
Two or more races or ethnicities	—	—	—
Did not disclose demographic background	—	—	1
LGBTQ+	—	—	—

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all our employees, officers and directors, including those officers responsible for financial reporting.

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Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s executive officers, directors, and persons who beneficially own more than ten percent of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of the Company’s common stock. Such officers, directors, and persons are required by SEC regulation to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms that they file with the SEC.

To our knowledge, based solely on review of the copies of such reports and amendments to such reports with respect to the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC, all required Section 16 reports under the Exchange Act for our directors, executive officers, principal accounting officer and beneficial owners of greater than 10% of our common stock were filed on a timely basis during the year ended December 31, 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) of the Company adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (in each case, as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).

Item 11. Executive Compensation

Summary Compensation Table

The following Summary Compensation Table sets forth all compensation earned in all capacities during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 by (i) our principal executive officer, (ii) our two most highly compensated executive officers, other than our principal executive officer, who were serving as executive officers as of December 31, 2023 and whose total compensation for the 2023 fiscal year, as determined by Regulation S-K, Item 402, exceeded $100,000, (iii) a person who would have been included as one of our two most highly compensated executive officers, other than our principal executive officer, but for the fact that he was not serving as one of our executive officers as of December 31, 2023, (the individuals falling within categories (i), (ii) and (iii) are collectively referred to as the “Named Executive Officers”):

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	Year	Salary	Bonus1	Stock Award		Option Awards		Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation	Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings	All Other Compensation	Total
		$’000	$’000	$’000		$’000		$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Michael J. Roper
Chief Executive Officer of Sadot Group, Inc.	2023	350	225	131	2	76	3	—	—	—	782
	2022	350	175	—		24	4	—	—	—	549
Jennifer Black
Chief Financial Officer of Sadot Group, Inc.	2023	264	225	65	5	76	6	—	—	—	630
	2022	186	95	11		10	7	—	—	—	302
Kevin Mohan
Chief Investing Officer of Sadot Group, Inc.	2023	200	200	131	8	76	9	—	—	—	607
	2022	196	150	—		18	10	—	—	—	364

1 Bonuses are earned in the year noted and paid out within the first three months of the subsequent year.

2 Michael Roper was granted restricted stock awards on December 19, 2023, to acquire 0.3 million shares of common stock, vesting quarterly over twelve quarters, commencing March 31, 2024.

3 Michael Roper was granted a stock options to acquire a 31.1 thousand shares and 0.1 million shares of common stock on May February 27, 2028 and March 15, 2028, respectively.

4 Michael Roper was granted a stock option to acquire 0.1 million shares of common stock on May 2, 2022.

5 Jennifer Black was granted restricted stock awards on December 19, 2023, to acquire 0.2 million shares of common stock, vesting quarterly over twelve quarters, commencing March 31, 2024.

6 Jennifer Black was granted a stock option to acquire 0.1 million shares of common stock on February 27, 2023.

7 Jennifer Black was granted a stock options to acquire 20.0 thousand shares and 25.0 thousand shares of common stock on May 2, 2022 and October 10, 2022, respectively.

8 Kevin Mohan was granted restricted stock awards on December 19, 2023, to acquire 0.3 million shares of common stock, vesting quarterly over twelve quarters, commencing March 31, 2024.

9 Kevin Mohan was granted a stock option to acquire 0.1 million shares of common stock on February 27, 2023.

10 Kevin Mohan was granted a stock option to acquire 0.1 million shares of common stock on May 2, 2022.

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A summary of option activity during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:

	Weighted-average exercise price	Number of options	Weighted-average remaining life (in years)	Aggregate intrinsic value
	$			$’000
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	5.00	100,000	1.91	—
Issued	0.41	337,500	4.40	12
Exercised	—	—	N/A	—
Forfeited	—	(25,000)	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	1.52	412,500	3.53	—
Issued	1.51	600,000	5.42	156
Exercised	—	—	N/A	—
Forfeited	3.40	(185,000)	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2023	1.09	827,500	4.26	—
Expected to vest, December 31, 2023	1.14	605,609	4.23	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2023	0.98	221,891	4.34	—

On February 27, 2023, we issued options to purchase an aggregate of 0.5 million shares of our common stock. The options had an exercise price of $1.505 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on March 31, 2023.

On March 15, 2023, we issued options to purchase 0.1 million shares of our common stock. The options had an exercise price of $1.505 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on March 31, 2023.

On November 27, 2023, there were 0.1 million shares forfeited upon the expiration of the options.

On December 21, 2023, there were 0.1 million shares forfeited upon the departure of board members.

Employment Agreements

Michael Roper

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Michael Roper (the “Roper Agreement”), which replaced his prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Roper Agreement, Mr. Roper will continue to be employed as Chief Executive Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Roper Agreement, Mr. Roper is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.4 million. Mr. Roper will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus to be determined by the Board annually. Mr. Roper received an additional bonus of $0.1 million on March 2, 2023 and an additional $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Mr. Roper is terminated for any reason, he will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Mr. Roper is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Mr. Roper will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to 18 months following the second anniversary of the Roper Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Roper Agreement will automatically terminate and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

Jennifer Black

On March 21, 2023, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Jennifer Black (the “Black Agreement”), which replaced her prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Black Agreement, Ms. Black will continue to be employed as Chief Financial Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Black Agreement,

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Ms. Black is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.3 million. Ms. Black will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus up to 50% of her annual salary. Ms. Black received an additional bonus of $0.1 million on March 2, 2023 and an additional $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Ms. Black is terminated for any reason, she will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Ms. Black is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Ms. Black will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to six months following the second anniversary of the Black Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Black Agreement will automatically terminate, and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

Kenneth Miller

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Kenn Miller (the “Miller Agreement”), which replaced his prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Miller Agreement, Mr. Miller will continue to be employed as Chief Operating Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Miller Agreement, Mr. Miller is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.3 million. Mr. Miller will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus up to 75% of his annual salary. Further, Mr. Miller will be entitled to an additional bonus of $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Mr. Miller is terminated for any reason, he will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Mr. Miller is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Mr. Miller will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to 12 months following the second anniversary of the Miller Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Miller Agreement will automatically terminate and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

Kevin Mohan

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Kevin Mohan (the “Mohan Agreement”), which replaced his prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Mohan Agreement, Mr. Mohan will continue to be employed as Chief Investment Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Employment Agreement, Mr. Mohan is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.2 million. Mr. Mohan will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus up to 75% of his annual salary. Mr. Mohan received an additional bonus of $0.1 million on March 2, 2023 and an additional $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Mr. Mohan is terminated for any reason, he will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Mr. Mohan is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Mr. Mohan will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to six months following the second anniversary of the Mohan Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Mohan Agreement will automatically terminate, and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

Aimee Infante

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Aimee Infante (the “Infante Agreement”), which replaced her prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Infante Agreement, Ms. Infante will continue to be employed as Chief Marketing Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Infante Agreement, Ms. Infante is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.2 million. Ms. Infante will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus up to 25% of her annual salary. Further, Ms. Infante will be entitled to an additional bonus of $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Ms. Infante is terminated for any reason, she will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Ms. Infante is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Ms. Infante will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to six months following the second anniversary of the Infante

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Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Infante Agreement will automatically terminate, and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

Elements of Compensation

Base Salary

Messrs. Roper, Miller, Mohan, and Mmes. Black and Infante received a fixed base salary in an amount determined in accordance with their then employment agreement with Sadot Group, Inc., and based on a number of factors, including:

•The nature, responsibilities and duties of the officer’s position;

•The officer’s expertise, demonstrated leadership ability and prior performance;

•The officer’s salary history and total compensation, including annual cash bonuses and long-term incentive compensation; and

•The competitiveness of the market for the officer’s services.

Bonus

Messrs. Roper, Mohan, Miller, and Mmes. Black and Infante earned discretionary performance-based bonuses during the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, pursuant to their employment agreements.

Restricted Stock Award

In fiscal year 2023, we issued 1.0 million shares of our restricted common stock, with a fair value of $0.3 million, to three members of our executive team.

Stock Options

On May 2, 2022, we issued options to purchase an aggregate of 0.3 million shares of our common stock. The options had an exercise price of $0.41 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on June 30, 2022.

On October 10, 2022, we issued options to purchase 25.0 thousand shares of our common stock. The options had an exercise price of $0.41 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on December 31, 2022.

On February 27, 2023, we issued options to purchase an aggregate of 0.5 million shares of our common stock. The options had an exercise price of $1.505 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on March 31, 2023.

On March 15, 2023, we issued options to purchase 0.1 million shares of our common stock. The options had an exercise price of $1.505 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on March 31, 2023.

Equity Incentive Plans

2021 Plan

The Company’s board of directors and shareholders approved and adopted on October 7, 2021 the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”) under which stock options and restricted stock may be granted to officers, directors, employees and consultants in the form of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock-options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock bonus awards, performance compensation awards (including cash bonus awards) or any combination of the foregoing. Under the 2021 Plan, the Company reserved 1.5 million shares of common stock for issuance. As of the date of the issuance of these Consolidated Financial Statements 0.7 million shares have been issued and 0.8 million option to purchase shares have been awarded under the 2021 Plan.

2023 Plan

The Company’s board of directors and shareholders approved and adopted on February 28, 2023 the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (“2023 Plan”) under which stock options and restricted stock may be granted to officers, directors, employees and

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consultants in the form of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock-options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock bonus awards, performance compensation awards (including cash bonus awards) or any combination of the foregoing. Under the 2023 Plan, the Company reserved 2.5 million shares of common stock for issuance. As of the date of the issuance of these Consolidated Financial Statements 2.4 million shares of common stock for issuance have been issued and 0.1 million option to purchase shares have been awarded under the 2023 Plan.

2024 Plan

The Company’s board of directors and shareholders approved and adopted on October 27, 2023 the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (“2024 Plan”) under which stock options and restricted stock may be granted to officers, directors, employees and consultants in the form of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock-options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock Units, stock bonus awards, performance compensation awards (including cash bonus awards) or any combination of the foregoing. Under the 2024 Plan, the Company reserved 7.5 million shares of common stock for issuance. As of December 31, 2023, no shares have been issued under the 2024 Plan.

Administration

The Company’s Board of Directors or a committee appointed by the Board (the “Committee”) will administer the Plan. The Committee will have the authority, without limitation (i) to designate Participants to receive Awards, (ii) determine the types of Awards to be granted to Participants, (iii) determine the number of shares of common stock to be covered by Awards, (iv) determine the terms and conditions of any Awards granted under the Plan, (v) determine to what extent and under what circumstances Awards may be settled in cash, shares of common stock, other securities, other Awards or other property, or canceled, forfeited or suspended, (vi) determine whether, to what extent, and under what circumstances the delivery of cash, Common Stock, other securities, other Awards or other property and other amounts payable with respect to an Award shall be made; (vii) interpret, administer, reconcile any inconsistency in, settle any controversy regarding, correct any defect in and/or complete any omission in this Plan and any instrument or agreement relating to, or Award granted under, this Plan; (viii) establish, amend, suspend, or waive any rules and regulations and appoint such agents as the Committee shall deem appropriate for the proper administration of this Plan; (ix) accelerate the vesting or exercisability of, payment for or lapse of restrictions on, Awards; (x) reprice existing Awards with shareholder approval or to grant Awards in connection with or in consideration of the cancellation of an outstanding Award with a higher price; and (xi) make any other determination and take any other action that the Committee deems necessary or desirable for the administration of this Plan. The Committee will have full discretion to administer and interpret the Plan and to adopt such rules, regulations and procedures as it deems necessary or advisable and to determine, among other things, the time or times at which the awards may be exercised and whether and under what circumstances an award may be exercised.

Eligibility

Employees, directors, officers, advisors and consultants of the Company or its affiliates are eligible to participate in the Plan and are referred to as “Participants”. The Committee has the sole and complete authority to determine who will be granted an Award under the Plan, however, it may delegate such authority to one or more officers of the Company under the circumstances set forth in the Plan.

Number of Shares Authorized

Up to approximately 1.5 million shares of common stock may be issued pursuant to awards granted under the 2021 Plan, 2.5 million under the 2023 Plan and 7.5 million under the 2024 Plan.

If an Award is forfeited, canceled, or if any Option terminates, expires or lapses without being exercised, the Common Stock subject to such Award will again be made available for future grant. However, shares that are used to pay the exercise price of an Option or that are withheld to satisfy the Participant’s tax withholding obligation will not be available for re-grant under the Plan.

If there is any change in the Company’s corporate pro or structure, the Committee in its sole discretion may make substitutions or adjustments to the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the Plan, the number of shares covered by Awards then outstanding under the Plan, the limitations on Awards under the Plan, the exercise price of outstanding Options and such other equitable substitution or adjustments as it may determine appropriate.

The Plan has a term of ten years and no further Awards may be granted under the Plan after that date.

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Awards Available for Grant

The Committee may grant Awards of Non-Qualified Stock Options, Incentive Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock Awards, Restricted Stock Units, Stock Bonus Awards, Performance Compensation Awards (including cash bonus awards) or any combination of the foregoing. Notwithstanding, the Committee may not grant to any one person in any one calendar year Awards (i) for more than 50% of the Available Shares in the aggregate or (ii) payable in cash in an amount exceeding $10,000,000 in the aggregate.

Options

The Committee will be authorized to grant Options to purchase Common Stock that are either “qualified,” meaning they are intended to satisfy the requirements of Code Section 422 for Incentive Stock Options, or “non-qualified,” meaning they are not intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 422 of the Code. Options granted under the Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions established by the Committee. Under the terms of the Plan, unless the Committee determines otherwise in the case of an Option substituted for another Option in connection with a corporate transaction, the exercise price of the Options will not be less than the fair market value (as determined under the Plan) of the shares of common stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the Plan will be subject to such terms, including the exercise price and the conditions and timing of exercise, as may be determined by the Committee and specified in the applicable award agreement. The maximum term of an Option granted under the Plan will be ten years from the date of grant (or five years in the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a 10% stockholder). Payment in respect of the exercise of an Option may be made in cash or by check, by surrender of unrestricted shares of Common Stock (at their fair market value on the date of exercise) that have been held by the participant for any period deemed necessary by the Company’s accountants to avoid an additional compensation charge or have been purchased on the open market, or the Committee may, in its discretion and to the extent permitted by law, allow such payment to be made through a broker-assisted cashless exercise mechanism, a net exercise method, or by such other method as the Committee may determine to be appropriate.

Stock Appreciation Rights

The Committee will be authorized to award Stock Appreciation Rights (or “SARs”) under the Plan. SARs will be subject to such terms and conditions as established by the Committee. A SAR is a contractual right that allows a participant to receive, either in the form of cash, shares or any combination of cash and shares, the appreciation, if any, in the value of a share over a certain period of time. A SAR granted under the Plan may be granted in tandem with an option and SARs may also be awarded to a participant independent of the grant of an Option. SARs granted in connection with an Option shall be subject to terms similar to the Option which corresponds to such SARs. SARs shall be subject to terms established by the Committee and reflected in the award agreement.

Restricted Stock

The Committee will be authorized to award Restricted Stock under the Plan. Unless otherwise provided by the Committee and specified in an award agreement, restrictions on Restricted Stock will lapse after three years of service with the Company. The Committee will determine the terms of such Restricted Stock awards. Restricted Stock are shares of common stock that generally are non-transferable and subject to other restrictions determined by the Committee for a specified period. Unless the Committee determines otherwise or specifies otherwise in an award agreement, if the participant terminates employment or services during the restricted period, then any unvested restricted stock will be forfeited.

Restricted Stock Unit Awards

The Committee will be authorized to award Restricted Stock Unit awards. Unless otherwise provided by the Committee and specified in an award agreement, Restricted Stock Units will vest after three years of service with the Company. The Committee will determine the terms of such Restricted Stock Units. Unless the Committee determines otherwise or specifies otherwise in an award agreement, if the participant terminates employment or services during the period of time over which all or a portion of the units are to be earned, then any unvested units will be forfeited. At the election of the Committee, the participant will receive a number of shares of common stock equal to the number of units earned or an amount in cash equal to the fair market value of that number of shares at the expiration of the period over which the units are to be earned or at a later date selected by the Committee.

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Stock Bonus Awards

The Committee will be authorized to grant Awards of unrestricted shares of common stock or other Awards denominated in shares of common stock, either alone or in tandem with other Awards, under such terms and conditions as the Committee may determine.

Performance Compensation Awards

The Committee will be authorized to grant any Award under the Plan in the form of a Performance Compensation Award exempt from the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code by conditioning the vesting of the Award on the attainment of specific performance criteria of the Company and/or one or more Affiliates, divisions or operational units, or any combination thereof, as determined by the Committee. The Committee will select the performance criteria based on one or more of the following factors: (i) revenue; (ii) sales; (iii) profit (net profit, gross profit, operating profit, economic profit, profit margins or other corporate profit measures); (iv) earnings (EBIT, EBITDA, earnings per share, or other corporate profit measures); (v) net income (before or after taxes, operating income or other income measures); (vi) cash (cash flow, cash generation or other cash measures); (vii) stock price or performance; (viii) total stockholder return (stock price appreciation plus reinvested dividends divided by beginning share price); (ix) economic value added; (x) return measures (including, but not limited to, return on assets, capital, equity, investments or sales, and cash flow return on assets, capital, equity, or sales); (xi) market share; (xii) improvements in capital structure; (xiii) expenses (expense management, expense ratio, expense efficiency ratios or other expense measures); (xiv) business expansion or consolidation (acquisitions and divestitures); (xv) internal rate of return or increase in net present value; (xvi) working capital targets relating to inventory and/or accounts receivable; (xvii) inventory management; (xviii) service or product delivery or quality; (xix) customer satisfaction; (xx) employee retention; (xxi) safety standards; (xxii) productivity measures; (xxiii) cost reduction measures; and/or (xxiv) strategic plan development and implementation.

Transferability

Each Award may be exercised during the Participant’s lifetime only by the Participant or, if permissible under applicable law, by the Participant’s guardian or legal representative and may not be otherwise transferred or encumbered by a Participant other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. The Committee, however, may permit Awards (other than Incentive Stock Options) to be transferred to family members, a trust for the benefit of such family members, a partnership or limited liability company whose partners or stockholders are the Participant and his or her family members or anyone else approved by it.

Amendment

The Plan will have a term of ten years. The Company’s board of directors may amend, suspend or terminate the Plan at any time; however, shareholder approval to amend the Plan may be necessary if the law or SEC so requires. No amendment, suspension or termination will materially and adversely affect the rights of any Participant or recipient of any Award without the consent of the Participant or recipient.

Change in Control

Except to the extent otherwise provided in an Award or required by applicable law, in the event of a Change in Control, upon the occurrence of a Change in Control, the Committee is authorized, but not obligated, to make any of the following adjustments (or any combination thereof) in the terms and conditions of outstanding Awards: (a) continuation or assumption of outstanding Awards by the surviving company; (b) substitution by the surviving company of equity, equity-based and/or cash awards with substantially the same terms for outstanding Awards; (c) accelerated exercisability, vesting and/or lapse of restrictions under outstanding Awards immediately prior to the occurrence of the Change in Control; (d) upon written notice, provide that any outstanding Awards must be exercised, to the extent then exercisable, during a reasonable period determined by the Committee and at the end of such period, any unexercised Awards will terminate; and I cancellation of all or any portion of outstanding Awards for fair value (in the form of cash, shares or other property) and which value may be zero.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences

The following is a general summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the grant and exercise and vesting of Awards under the Plan and the disposition of shares acquired pursuant to the exercise of such Awards. This

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summary is intended to reflect the current provisions of the Code and the regulations thereunder. However, this summary is not intended to be a complete statement of applicable law, nor does it address foreign, state, local and payroll tax considerations. Moreover, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to any particular participant may differ from those described herein by reason of, among other things, the particular circumstances of such participant.

Options

There are a number of requirements that must be met for a particular Option to be treated as an Incentive Stock Option. One such requirement is that Common Stock acquired through the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option cannot be disposed of before the later of (i) two years from the date of grant of the Option, or (ii) one year from the date of its exercise. Holders of Incentive Stock Options will generally incur no federal income tax liability at the time of grant or upon exercise of those Options. However, the spread at exercise will be an “item of tax preference,” which may give rise to “alternative minimum tax” liability for the taxable year in which the exercise occurs. If the holder does not dispose of the shares before the later of two years following the date of grant and one year following the date of exercise, the difference between the exercise price and the amount realized upon disposition of the shares will constitute long-term capital gain or loss, as the case may be. Assuming both holding periods are satisfied, no deduction will be allowed to the Company for federal income tax purposes in connection with the grant or exercise of the Incentive Stock Option. If, within two years following the date of grant or within one year following the date of exercise, the holder of shares acquired through the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option disposes of those shares, the Participant will generally realize taxable compensation at the time of such disposition equal to the difference between the exercise price and the lesser of the Fair Market Value of the share on the date of exercise or the amount realized on the subsequent disposition of the shares, and that amount will generally be deductible by the Company for federal income tax purposes, subject to the possible limitations on deductibility under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to executives designated in those Sections. Finally, if an otherwise Incentive Stock Option becomes first exercisable in any one year for shares having an aggregate value in excess of $100,000 (based on the date of grant value), the portion of the Incentive Stock Option in respect of those excess shares will be treated as a non-qualified stock option for federal income tax purposes.

Income will be realized by a Participant upon grant of a Non-Qualified Stock Option. Upon the exercise of a Non-Qualified Stock Option, the Participant will recognize ordinary compensation income in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the Fair Market Value of the underlying exercised shares over the Option exercise price paid at the time of exercise. Such income will be subject to income tax withholdings, and the Participant will be required to pay to the Company the amount of any required withholding taxes in respect to such income.

The Company will be able to deduct this same amount for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but such deduction may be limited under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to certain executives designated in those Sections.

Restricted Stock

A Participant will not be subject to tax upon the grant of an Award of Restricted Stock unless the Participant otherwise elects to be taxed at the time of grant pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Code. On the date an Award of Restricted Stock becomes transferable or is no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, the Participant will recognize ordinary compensation income equal to the difference between the Fair Market Value of the shares on that date over the amount the Participant paid for such shares, if any. Such income will be subject to income tax withholdings, and the Participant will be required to pay to the Company the amount of any required withholding taxes in respect to such income. If the Participant made an election under Section 83(b) of the Code, the Participant will recognize ordinary compensation income at the time of grant equal to the difference between the Fair Market Value of the shares on the date of grant over the amount the Participant paid for such shares, if any, and any subsequent appreciation in the value of the shares will be treated as a capital gain upon sale of the shares. Special rules apply to the receipt and disposition of Restricted Shares received by officers and directors who are subject to Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The Company will be able to deduct, at the same time as it is recognized by the Participant, the amount of taxable compensation to the participant for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but such deduction may be limited under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to certain executives designated in those Sections.

Restricted Stock Units

A Participant will not be subject to tax upon the grant of a Restricted Stock Unit Award. Rather, upon the delivery of shares or cash pursuant to a Restricted Stock Unit Award, the Participant will recognize ordinary compensation income

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equal to the Fair Market Value of the number of shares (or the amount of cash) the Participant actually receives with respect to the Award. Such income will be subject to income tax withholdings, and the Participant will be required to pay to the Company the amount of any required withholding taxes in respect to such income. The Company will be able to deduct the amount of taxable compensation recognized by the Participant for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but the deduction may be limited under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to certain executives designated in those Sections.

SARs

No income will be realized by a Participant upon grant of an SAR. Upon the exercise of an SAR, the Participant will recognize ordinary compensation income in an amount equal to the Fair Market Value of the payment received in respect of the SAR. Such income will be subject to income tax withholdings, and the Participant will be required to pay to the Company the amount of any required withholding taxes in respect to such income. The Company will be able to deduct this same amount for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but such deduction may be limited under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to certain executives designated in those Sections.

Stock Bonus Awards

A Participant will recognize ordinary compensation income equal to the difference between the Fair Market Value of the shares on the date the shares of common stock subject to the Award are transferred to the Participant over the amount the Participant paid for such shares, if any, and any subsequent appreciation in the value of the shares will be treated as a capital gain upon sale of the shares. The Company will be able to deduct, at the same time as it is recognized by the Participant, the amount of taxable compensation to the Participant for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but such deduction may be limited under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to certain executives designated in those Sections.

Section 162(m)

In general, Section 162(m) of the Code denies a publicly held corporation a deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes for compensation in excess of $1,000,000 per year paid to any “covered employee.” Covered employees include any individual who served as chief executive officer or chief financial officer during the taxable year, in addition to the three most highly compensated individuals aside from the chief executive officer and chief financial officer. Additionally, covered employees include any previously covered employee for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2016. The Plan is intended to satisfy an exception with respect to grants of Options to covered employees. In addition, the Plan was designed to permit certain Awards of Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, cash bonus awards and other Awards to be awarded as performance compensation awards intended to qualify under the “performance-based compensation” exception to Section 162(m) of the Code.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) was signed into law. The TCJA repealed the performance-based compensation exception to the Section 162(m) $1 million limitation on compensation to covered employees of publicly held corporations. This change was effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. As a result of this change, any expense recognized upon exercise of stock options will be subject to the $1 million limitation under Section 162(m), even if based on performance.

New Plan Benefits

Future grants under the Plan will be made at the discretion of the Committee and, accordingly, are not yet determinable. In addition, the value of the Awards granted under the Plan will depend on a number of factors, including the Fair Market Value of the shares of common stock on future dates, the exercise decisions made by the Participants and/or the extent to which any applicable performance goals necessary for vesting or payment are achieved. Consequently, it is not possible to determine the benefits that might be received by Participants receiving discretionary grants under, or having their annual bonus paid pursuant to, the Plan.

Interests of Directors or Officers

The Company’s directors may grant Awards under the Plan to themselves as well as to the Company’s officers and other employees, consultants and advisors.

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Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information, as of December 31, 2023, with respect to equity securities authorized for issuance under compensation plans:

Plan Category	No. of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options under the plan	Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options under the plan	No. of securities remaining available for future issuance
		$
2024 Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	—	—	7,500,000
2023 Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	68,928	1.51	—
2021 Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	843,572	1.10	—
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	—	—	—
Total	912,500	2.61	7,500,000

Director Compensation

Through the third quarter of 2022 the board members were eligible for cash compensation of $12.0 thousand per year to be paid quarterly within 30 days of the close of each quarter. On November 11, 2022, the board of directors approved a new board compensation plan that would increase the cash compensation to $22.0 thousand to be paid quarterly within 30 days of the close of each quarter, which was retroactively applied for the full fourth quarter of 2022.

In addition, on an ongoing basis pursuant to the approved board compensation plan each director will receive $8.0 thousand in value of common stock per year for service as director, $6.0 thousand in value of shares of common stock per year for service on each committee and $4.0 thousand in value of shares of common stock per year for service as chair for such committee. The number of shares to be issued would be based upon the closing price of the last trading date of each calendar quarter. The shares of common stock for committee service will be limited to two committees.

Kevin Mohan is an employee-director and does not receive compensation for serving in his role as a director or Chairman of the Board.

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The following table provides information relating to compensation of our directors for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023:

Name	Fees earned or paid in cash	Stock awards	Option awards	Non-equity incentive plan compensation	Non-qualified deferred compensation earnings	All other compensation	Total
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Stephen A. Spanos	22	37	38	—	—	—	97
A.B. Southall III	22	33	38	—	—	—	93
Paul L. Menchik	22	43	38	—	—	—	103
Jeff Carl	22	43	38	—	—	—	103
Major General (Ret) Malcolm B. Frost	22	33	38	—	—	—	93
Phillip Balatsos	22	39	38	—	—	—	99
Benjamin Petel	17	58	—	—	—	—	75
Na Yeon (“Hannah”) Oh	13	4	—	—	—	—	17
Ray Shankar	13	4	—	—	—	—	17
Marvin Yeo	10	4	—	—	—	—	14
Paul Sansom	10	4	—	—	—	—	14
Mark McKinney	7	2	—	—	—	—	9
David Errington	7	2	—	—	—	—	9
Dr. Ahmed Khan	7	2	—	—	—	—	9

Executive Compensation Philosophy

Our Board of Directors determines the compensation given to our executive officers in their sole determination. Our Board of Directors reserves the right to pay our executives or any future executives a salary, and/or issue them shares of common stock issued in consideration for services rendered and/or to award incentive bonuses which are linked to our performance, as well as to the individual executive officer’s performance. This package may also include long-term stock-based compensation to certain executives, which is intended to align the performance of our executives with our long-term business strategies. Additionally, while our Board of Directors has not granted any performance base stock options to date, the Board of Directors reserves the right to grant such options in the future, if the Board in its sole determination believes such grants would be in the best interests of the Company.

Incentive Bonus

The Board of Directors may grant incentive bonuses to our executive officers and/or future executive officers in its sole discretion, if the Board of Directors believes such bonuses are in the Company’s best interest, after analyzing our current business objectives and growth, if any, and the amount of revenue we are able to generate each month, which revenue is a direct result of the actions and ability of such executives.

Long-Term, Stock-Based Compensation

In order to attract, retain and motivate executive talent necessary to support the Company’s long-term business strategy we may award our executives and any future executives with long-term, stock-based compensation in the future, at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The following table sets forth information about the beneficial ownership of our common stock at March 20, 2024, for:

•each person, or group of affiliated persons, whom we know to beneficially own more than 5% of our common stock;

•each of our named executive officers;

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•each of our directors; and

•all of our executive officers and directors as a group.

We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These rules generally attribute beneficial ownership of securities to persons who possess sole or shared voting power or investment power with respect to those securities. In addition, the rules include shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options or warrants or upon conversion of a security that are either exercisable or convertible on or before a date that is 60 days after March 20, 2024. These shares are deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding those options or warrants for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person, but they are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Unless otherwise indicated, the persons or entities identified in this table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them, subject to applicable community property laws.

Except as otherwise noted below, the address for persons listed in the table is c/o Sadot Group, Inc., 1751 River Run, Suite 200, Fort Worth, Texas 76107.

The percentage ownership information shown in the column labeled “Percentage of shares outstanding” is based upon 51,752,691 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 20, 2024.

Name of beneficial owner	Number of shares beneficially owned (1)	Percentage of shares outstanding prior to offering (1)
5% Stockholders:
Aggia LLC FZ (2)	12,492,069	24.43	%
Armistice Capital LLC (3)	3,201,897	6.26	%
Directors and Named Executive Officers:
Kevin Mohan (4)	524,537	*
Michael J. Roper (5)	523,015	*
Jennifer Black (6)	251,300	*
Kenneth Miller (7)	80,892	*
Aimee Infante (8)	40,852	*
Stephen Spanos (9)	147,515	*
Jeff Carl (10)	160,625	*
Ray Shankar (11)	10,151	*
Hannah Oh (12)	10,151	*
Benjamin Petel (13)	131,397	*
Marvin Yeo (14)	9,361	*
Paul Sansom (15)	9,361	*
Mark McKinney (16)	8,143	*
David Errington (17)	35,143	*
Dr. Ahmed Khan (18)	10,881	*
All executive officers and directors as a group (15 persons)	1,953,324	3.82	%

*Denotes less than 1%

(1)Beneficial ownership as reported in the above table has been determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. The number of shares of common stock shown as beneficially owned includes shares of common stock issuable upon (i) the exercise of stock options that will become exercisable within 60 days of March 20, 2024, (ii) the conversion of the convertible promissory notes into

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shares of our common stock, and (iii) the exercise of warrants that will become exercisable within 60 days of March 21, 2023. Shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the foregoing methods are deemed outstanding for purposes of calculating the percentage of beneficial ownership of the person or entity holding such securities. Accordingly, the total percentages of beneficial ownership are in excess of one hundred percent (100%).

(2)Aggia LLC FZ beneficially owns 12.5 million shares of common stock of the Company.

(3)Armistice Capital LLC beneficially owns 3.2 million shares of common stock of the Company which are subject to presently exercisable purchase warrants. Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company (the “Master Fund”) holds 3.2 million shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of Warrants at an exercise price of $1.385. Armistice Capital, LLC (“Armistice Capital”) is the investment manager of Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. (the “Master Fund”), the direct holder of the Shares, and pursuant to an Investment Management Agreement, Armistice Capital exercises voting and investment power over the securities of the Issuer held by the Master Fund and thus may be deemed to beneficially own the securities of the Issuer held by the Master Fund. Mr. Boyd, as the managing member of Armistice Capital, may be deemed to beneficially own the securities of the Issuer held by the Master Fund. The Master Fund specifically disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities of the Issuer directly held by it by virtue of its inability to vote or dispose of such securities as a result of its Investment Management Agreement with Armistice Capital. The address of the Master Fund is c/o Armistice Capital, LLC, 510 Madison Ave, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022.

(4)Kevin Mohan beneficially owns (i) indirectly 5.6 thousand shares of common stock of the Company through various family members that reside in the same household as Kevin Mohan and (ii) directly 0.4 million shares of common stock of Sadot Group Inc, for serving in various roles in the Company, (iii) 33.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company purchased on the open market and (iv) directly 55.0 thousand shares of vested but unexercised stock options.

(5)Michael J. Roper beneficially owns directly 0.5 million shares of common stock of the Company (i) 0.4 million shares of common stock of Sadot Group Inc. for serving as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company and (ii) 58.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company purchased on the open market and (iii) 65.0 thousand shares of vested but unexercised stock options.

(6)Jennifer Black beneficially owns directly 0.2 million shares of common stock of the Company (i) 0.2 million shares of common stock of Sadot Group Inc. for serving as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, (ii) 41.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company purchased on the open market and (iii) 41.0 thousand shares of vested but unexercised stock options.

(7)Kenneth Miller beneficially owns directly 80.9 thousand shares of common stock of the Company (i) 32.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company for serving as Chief Operating Officer of the Company, (ii) 10.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company purchased on the open market and (iii) 39.0 thousand shares of vested but unexercised stock options.

(8)Aimee Infante beneficially owns directly 40.1 thousand shares of common stock of the Company (i) 3.0 thousand shares of common stock for serving as the Chief Marketing Officer of the Company, (ii) 3.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company purchased on the open market and (iii) 36.0 thousand shares of vested but unexercised stock options.

(9)Stephen Spanos beneficially owns directly 0.1 million shares of common stock of the Company (i) 0.1 million shares of common stock of the Company for services rendered as a board of director member, (ii) 15.0 thousand of the common stock of through purchase on the open market and (iii) 6.0 thousand shares of vested but unexercised stock options.

(10)Jeff Carl beneficially owns directly 0.2 million shares of common stock of the Company (i) 0.2 million shares of common stock of the Company for services rendered as a board of director member and (ii) 6.0 thousand shares of vested but unexercised stock options.

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(11)Ray Shankar beneficially owns directly shares of common stock of the Company (i) 10.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company (i) 10.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company for services rendered as a board of director member.

(12)Hannah Oh beneficially owns directly shares of common stock of the Company (i) 10.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company (i) 10.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company for services rendered as a board of director member.

(13)Benjamin Petel beneficially owns directly shares of common stock of the Company (i) 0.1 million shares of common stock of the Company (i) 0.1 million shares of common stock of the Company for services rendered as a board of director member and consulting services.

(14)Marvin Yeo beneficially owns directly shares of common stock of the Company (i) 9.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company (i) 9.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company for services rendered as a board of director member.

(15)Paul Sansom beneficially owns directly shares of common stock of the Company (i) 9.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company (i) 9.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company for services rendered as a board of director member.

(16)Mark McKinney beneficially owns directly shares of common stock of the Company (i) 8.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company (i) 8.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company for services rendered as a board of director member.

(17)David Errington beneficially owns directly shares of common stock of the Company (i) 35.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company (i) 8.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company for services rendered as a board of director member and (ii) 27.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company purchased on the open market.

(18)Dr. Ahmed Khan beneficially owns directly shares of common stock of the Company (i) 11.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company (i) 8.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company for services rendered as a board of director member and (ii) 3.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company purchased on the open market.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

Following this offering, pursuant to the written charter of our Audit Committee, the Audit Committee will be responsible for reviewing and approving, prior to our entry into any such transaction, all related party transactions and potential conflict of interest situations involving:

•any of our directors, director nominees or executive officers;

•any beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding stock; and

•any immediate family member of any of the foregoing.

Our Audit Committee will review any financial transaction, arrangement or relationship that:

•involves or will involve, directly or indirectly, any related party identified above;

•would cast doubt on the independence of a director;

•would present the appearance of a conflict of interest between us and the related party; or

•is otherwise prohibited by law, rule or regulation.

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The Audit Committee will review each such transaction, arrangement or relationship to determine whether a related party has, has had or expects to have a direct or indirect material interest. Following its review, the Audit Committee will take such action as it deems necessary and appropriate under the circumstances, including approving, disapproving, ratifying, canceling or recommending to management how to proceed if it determines a related party has a direct or indirect material interest in a transaction, arrangement or relationship with us. Any member of the Audit Committee who is a related party with respect to a transaction under review will not be permitted to participate in the discussions or evaluations of the transaction; however, the Audit Committee member will provide all material information concerning the transaction to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee will report its action with respect to any related party transaction to the board of directors.

See Employment Agreements for Messrs. Roper, Miller, Mohan and Mmes. Black and Infante in Item 11. Executive Compensation.

Transactions with Officers, Directors and Executives of Sadot Group

On January 6, 2022, we issued an aggregate of 39.6 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the fourth quarter of 2021.

On January 2, 2022, we appointed Jennifer Black as our Chief Financial Officer and entered into an Offer Letter with Ms. Black. Pursuant to the Offer Letter, Ms. Black will be employed as our Chief Financial Officer on an at-will basis. Ms. Black is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.2 million. Our previous CFO, Ferdinand Groenewald, was appointed as our Chief Accounting Officer and subsequently the position of Chief Accounting Officer was eliminated.

On February 10, 2022, we entered into an Employment Agreement with Michael Roper effective February 14, 2022, which replaced his prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Employment Agreement, Mr. Roper will continue to be employed as our Chief Executive Officer on an at will basis. During the term of the Employment Agreement, Mr. Roper will be entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.4 million, which will be increased to $0.4 million upon the one-year anniversary. Mr. Roper will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus to be paid in cash or equity. Within 90 days of the effective date, we will issue Mr. Roper stock options to receive 0.1 million shares of common stock which will vest over a term of five years. If Mr. Roper is terminated by us for any reason other than cause, including termination without cause in connection with a change in control, Mr. Roper will be entitled to a severance package of 18 months of salary and health and dental benefits paid in accordance with our payroll schedule, but subject to the execution of a valid release in favor of us and our related parties.

On February 10, 2022, we entered into a letter agreement with Kevin Mohan, Chief Investment Officer, providing that Mr. Mohan will continue to be engaged by us on an at-will basis with a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.2 million effective February 14, 2022. Mr. Mohan will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus to be paid in cash or equity of up to 75% of his salary. Within 90 days of the effective date, we will issue Mr. Mohan stock options to receive 0.1 million shares of common stock which will vest over a term of five years. If Mr. Mohan is terminated by us for any reason other than cause, including termination without cause in connection with a change in control, he will be entitled to a severance package of six months of salary and health and dental benefits paid in accordance with our payroll schedule and insurance program, but subject to the execution of a valid release in favor of us and our related parties.

On February 9, 2022, we entered into a letter agreement with Kenn Miller, Chief Operations Officer, providing that Mr. Miller will continue to be engaged by us on an at-will basis with a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.3 million effective February 14, 2022. Mr. Miller will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus to be paid in cash or equity of up to 75% of his salary. Within 90 days of the effective date, we will issue Mr. Miller stock options to receive 0.1 million shares of common stock which will vest over a term of five years. If Mr. Miller is terminated by us for any reason other than cause, including termination without cause in connection with a change in control, he will be entitled to a severance package of 12 months of salary and health and dental benefits paid in accordance with our payroll schedule and insurance program, but subject to the execution of a valid release in favor of us and our related parties.

On February 9, 2022, we entered into a letter agreement with Aimee Infante, Chief Marketing Officer, providing that Ms. Infante will continue to be engaged by us on an at-will basis with a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.2 million effective February 14, 2022. Ms. Infante will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus to be paid in cash or equity of up to 25% of her salary. Within 90 days of the effective date, we will issue Ms. Infante stock options to receive 42.5 thousand shares of common stock which will vest over a term of five years. If Ms. Infante is terminated us for any reason other than cause, including termination without cause in connection with a change in control, she will be entitled to

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a severance package of six months of salary and health and dental benefits paid in accordance with the our payroll schedule and insurance program, but subject to the execution of a valid release in favor of us and our related parties.

On February 9, 2022, we entered into a letter agreement with Ferdinand Groenewald, Chief Accounting Officer, providing that Mr. Groenewald will continue to be engaged by us on an at-will basis with a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.2 million effective February 14, 2022. Mr. Groenewald will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus to be paid in cash or equity of up to 25% of his salary. Within 90 days of the effective date, we will issue Mr. Groenewald stock options to receive 25.0 thousand shares of common stock which will vest over a term of five years. If Mr. Groenewald is terminated by us for any reason other than cause, including termination without cause in connection with a change in control, he will be entitled to a severance package of six months of salary and health and dental benefits paid in accordance with our payroll schedule and insurance program, but subject to the execution of a valid release in favor of us and our related parties.

On March 31, 2022, we issued an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the first quarter of 2022.

On April 4, 2022, we issued 20.0 thousand shares of common stock to a member of the executive team per the employment agreement.

On May 2, 2022, we issued options to purchase an aggregate of 0.3 million shares of common stock. The options had an exercise price of $0.41 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on June 30, 2022.

On June 21, 2022, we advised Ferdinand Groenewald that the position of Chief Accounting Officer has been eliminated. Mr. Groenewald continued his employment with us through July 29, 2022, at which time he became entitled to the severance for termination without cause as outlined in the letter agreement between us and Mr. Groenewald dated February 9, 2022. Mr. Groenewald forfeited 25.0 thousand options upon his departure as an officer.

On July 14, 2022, we issued an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the second quarter of 2022.

On October 10, 2022, we issued options to purchase 25.0 thousand shares of common stock. The options had an exercise price of $0.41 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on December 31, 2022.

On October 12, 2022, we issued an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the third quarter of 2022.

On January 5, 2023, we issued an aggregate of 31.3 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the fourth quarter of 2022.

On February 27, 2023, we issued options to purchase an aggregate of 0.5 million shares of our common stock. The options had an exercise price of $1.505 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on March 31, 2023.

On March 15, 2023, we issued options to purchase 0.1 million shares of our common stock. The options had an exercise price of $1.505 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on March 31, 2023.

On March 21, 2023, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Jennifer Black (the “Black Agreement”), which replaced her prior employment agreement dated November 16, 2022. Pursuant to the Black Agreement, Ms. Black will continue to be employed as Chief Financial Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Black Agreement, Ms. Black is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.3 million. Ms. Black will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus up to 50% of her annual salary. Further, Ms. Black will be entitled to an additional bonus of $0.1 million upon the Company obtaining approval of the Shareholder Matters and $25.0 thousand upon the Designated Directors representing a majority of the Board of Directors. If Ms. Black is terminated for any reason, she will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Ms. Black is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Ms. Black will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to six months following the second anniversary of the Black Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder

78

Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Black Agreement will automatically terminate and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

On March 27, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 2.8 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

On April 5, 2023 the Company authorized the issuance of 29.7 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the first quarter of 2023.

On May 10, 2023 the Company authorized the issuance of 0.1 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

On May 25, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 2.7 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

On June 30, 2023, the Company vested 0.9 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

On July 11, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 32.9 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the second quarter of 2023.

On July 14, 2023, the Company issued $8.9 million Restricted Share Awards, with an effective issuance date of April 1, 2023.

On July 27, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 2.2 million shares of common stock to Altium in exchange for the exercise of warrants.

On August 15, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.1 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

On September 25, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.2 million shares of common stock in fees to a consultant for services rendered related to the SEPA.

On September 30, 2023, the Company vested 0.5 million shares of common stock to to a consultant for services rendered.

On October 2, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the third quarter of 2023.

On October 20, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.1 million shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered.

On November 6, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.1 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On November 14, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On November 29, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On December 13, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.3 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On December 19, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.3 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On December 19, 2023, the Company issued 2.0 million RSA's to certain members of the board of directors, consultants and employees. Total RSA vested as a result of the departure of certain members of the board of directors were 0.2 million for 2023. The remaining RSA vest ratably over 12 quarters with the first vesting starting on March 31, 2024.

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At December 31, 2023, there were 9.1 million restricted share awards outstanding.

On December 31, 2023, the Company vested 0.2 million shares of common stock to Aggia as consulting fees earned during the fourth quarter of 2023.

On January 4, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the fourth quarter of 2023. The Company accrued for the liability as of December 31, 2023.

We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and entered into such agreements with certain of our executive officers. These agreements require us, among other things, to indemnify these individuals for certain expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and settlement amounts reasonably incurred by such person in any action or proceeding, including any action by or in our right, on account of any services undertaken by such person on behalf of our Company or that person’s status as a member of our Board of Directors to the maximum extent allowed under Nevada law.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Kreit & Chiu CPA LLP has served as our independent registered public accountants for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following is a summary of the fees billed or expected to be billed to us by our independent registered public accountants, for professional services rendered by Kreit & Chiu CPA LLP for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Audit fees (1)	277	265
Audit-related fees (2)	—	2
	277	267

(1)Audit Fees consist of fees billed and expected to be billed for services rendered for the audit of our Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and in connection with the filing of our Form 10-K, Form 10-Qs and multiple Forms S-1 and Forms S-3s.

(2)Audit-Related Fees consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit of our financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.”

The Audit Committee is responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of the independent registered public accountants and approves in advance any services to be performed by the independent registered public accountants, whether audit-related or not. The Audit Committee reviews each proposed engagement to determine whether the provision of services is compatible with maintaining the independence of the independent registered public accountants. The fees shown above were pre-approved either by our Board or our Audit Committee.

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

Exhibit No.	Exhibit Description
3.1+	Articles of Incorporation of Muscle Maker, Inc., a Nevada corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 14, 2019)
3.2+	Bylaws of Muscle Maker, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 14, 2019)
3.3+	Certificate of Change Pursuant to NRS 78.209 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 11, 2019)
3.4+	Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Muscle Maker, Inc., a Nevada corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 16, 2020)
3.5+	Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Muscle Maker, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 7, 2023)
3.6+	Articles of Merger (Incorporated herein by reference to the Form 8-K Current Report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 26, 2023).
4.1+	Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated April 9, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 12, 2021)
4.2+	Form of Pre-Funded Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated April 9, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 12, 2021)
4.3+	Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock issued to A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners dated April 9, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 12, 2021)
4.4+	Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated November 22, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 22, 2021)
4.5+	Form of Pre-Funded Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated November 22, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 22, 2021)
4.6+	Form of Placement Agent Warrant to Purchase Common Stock issued to A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners dated November 22, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 22, 2021)
4.7+	2021 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 17, 2022)
4.8+	2023 Equity Incentive Plan
4.9*	Description of Securities

81

4.10+	Form of Additional Warrant – Altium Growth Fund Ltd. (Incorporated herein by reference to the Form 8-K Current Report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 27, 2023.)
10.1+	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated April 7, 2021, between Muscle Maker, Inc. and the Purchaser* (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 12, 2021)
10.2+	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 17, 2021, between Muscle Maker, Inc. and the Purchasers* (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 22, 2021)
10.3+	Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated November 17, 2021, between Muscle Maker, Inc. and the Purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 22, 2021)
10.4+	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated April 7, 2021, between Muscle Maker, Inc. and the Purchaser* (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 12, 2021)
10.5+	Form of Director Agreement dated July 16, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 10, 2019)
10.6+	Services Agreement between Muscle Maker, Inc., Sadot LLC and Aggia LLC FC dated November 14, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2022)
10.7+	Addendum 1 to Services Agreement between Muscle Maker, Inc., Sadot LLC and Aggia LLC FC dated November 17, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2022)
10.8+	Limited Liability Operating Agreement of Sadot LLC dated November 16, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2022)
10.9+	Executive Employment Agreement between Muscle Maker, Inc. and Michael Roper dated November 16, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2022)
10.10+	Executive Employment Agreement between Muscle Maker, Inc. and Jennifer Black dated November 16, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2022)
10.11+	Executive Employment Agreement between Muscle Maker, Inc. and Kevin Mohan dated November 16, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2022)
10.12+	Executive Employment Agreement between Muscle Maker, Inc. and Kenn Miller dated November 16, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2022)

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10.13+	Executive Employment Agreement between Muscle Maker, Inc. and Aimee Infante dated November 16, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2022)
10.14+	Standby Equity Purchase Agreement dated September 22, 2023 between Sadot Group, Inc. and YA II PN, Ltd. (Incorporated herein by reference to the Form 8-K Current Report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2023)
10.15+	Form of Convertible Promissory notes issued to YA II PN, Ltd. (Incorporated herein by reference to the Form 8-K Current Report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2023)
10.16+	Global Guaranty Agreement dated September 22, 2023 between Sadot Group, Inc. and YA II PN, Ltd. (Incorporated herein by reference to the Form 8-K Current Report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2023)
10.17+	Registration Rights Agreement dated September 22, 2023 between Sadot Group, Inc. and YA II PN, Ltd. (Incorporated herein by reference to the Form 8-K Current Report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2023)
10.18+	Addendum 2 to the Service Agreement entered between Muscle Maker Inc., Sadot LLC and Aggia LLC FX dated July 14, 2023 (Incorporated herein by reference to the Form 8-K Current Report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 18, 2023)
21.1*	List of Subsidiaries
23.1*	Consent of Kreit & Chiu CPA LLP
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
97.1*	Policy for the Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation adopted February 1, 2024
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Schema Document*
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document*
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document*
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

†Includes management contracts and compensation plans and arrangements

83

*Filed herewith.

+Previously filed.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

Not applicable.

84

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	SADOT GROUP, INC
	By:	/s/ Michael J. Roper
		Michael J. Roper
Dated: March 20, 2024		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
	By:	/s/ Jennifer Black
		Jennifer Black
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

85

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Name	Title
/s/ Michael J. Roper	Chief Executive Officer
Michael J. Roper	(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Jennifer Black	Chief Financial Officer
Jennifer Black	(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ Kevin Mohan	Chief Investment Officer
Kevin Mohan	Chairman of the Board
/s/ Stephen A. Spanos	Director
Stephen A. Spanos
/s/ Jeff Carl	Director
Jeff Carl
/s/ Benjamin Petel	Director
Benjamin Petel	Secretary
/s/ Na Yeon Oh	Director
Na Yeon Oh
/s/ Ray Shankar	Director
Ray Shankar
/s/ Marvin Yeo	Director
Marvin Yeo
/s/ Paul Sansom	Director
Paul Sansom
/s/ Mark McKinney	Director
Mark McKinney
/s/ David Errington	Director
David Errington
/s/ Dr. Ahmed Khan	Director
Dr. Ahmed Khan

86

Sadot Group, Inc.

Annual Report on Form 10-K

Consolidated Financial Statements

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 6651)	F-2
Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-4
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-7
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	F-9

F-1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Sadot Group, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sadot Group, Inc. as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Sadot Group, Inc. as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the entity’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to Sadot Group, Inc. in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Sadot Group, Inc. is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Kreit & Chiu CPA LLP

We have served as Sadot Group, Inc.'s auditor since 2021.

New York, NY

March 20, 2024

F-2

Sadot Group, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash	1,354	9,898
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.2 million and $23.4 thousand as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively	52,920	135
Inventory	2,561	298
Other current assets	56,016	317
Total current assets	112,851	10,648
Right to use assets	1,284	2,433
Property and equipment, net	12,883	1,895
Goodwill	1,798	2,626
Intangible assets, net	2,833	4,611
Deposit on farmland	—	4,914
Other non-current assets	46,442	103
Total assets	178,091	27,230
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	50,167	1,953
Accrued stock-based compensation expense, related party	—	3,603
Notes payable, current, net of discount of $0.2 million and nil as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively	6,531	222
Operating lease liability, current	385	560
Deferred revenue, current	1,229	95
Other current liabilities	46,270	182
Total current liabilities	104,582	6,615
Contract liability, non-current	46,048	—
Notes payable, non-current	622	759
Operating lease liability, non-current	1,027	2,019
Deferred revenue, non-current	1,555	1,276
Total liabilities	153,834	10,669
Equity:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 40,464,720 and 29,287,212 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively	4	3
Additional paid-in capital	107,988	95,913
Accumulated deficit	(87,179)	(79,355)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	8	—
Total Sadot Group, Inc. shareholders' equity	20,821	16,561
Non-controlling interest	3,436	—
Total equity	24,257	16,561
Total liabilities and equity	178,091	27,230

See Accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

F-3

Sadot Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
	$’000	$’000
Commodity sales	717,506	150,586
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts	8,053	10,300
Franchise royalties and fees	1,041	727
Franchise advertising fund contributions	73	81
Other revenues	13	5
Cost of goods sold	(716,755)	(157,307)
Gross profit	9,931	4,392
Impairment of intangible asset	(811)	(347)
Impairment of goodwill	(828)	—
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(1,808)	(2,015)
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(73)	(81)
Pre-opening expenses	(371)	(117)
Post-closing expenses	(212)	(197)
Stock-based expenses	(6,192)	(3,716)
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(9,404)	(6,035)
Loss from operations	(9,768)	(8,116)
Other income	308	46
Interest expense, net	(469)	(7)
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	1,339	—
Warrant modification expense	(958)	—
Gain on fair value remeasurement	1,491	—
Gain on debt extinguishment	—	140
Loss Before Income Tax	(8,057)	(7,937)
Income tax benefit / (expense)	15	(25)
Net loss	(8,042)	(7,962)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	218	—
Net loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(7,824)	(7,962)
Net Loss Per Share attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.:
Basic and Diluted	(0.22)	(0.28)
Weighted-Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding:
Basic and Diluted	34,940,559	28,558,586

See Accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

F-4

Sadot Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss (Continued)

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
	$’000	$’000
Net loss	(8,042)	(7,962)
Other comprehensive income
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	2	—
Unrealized gain, net of income tax	6	—
Total other comprehensive income	8	—
Total comprehensive loss	(8,034)	(7,962)
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest	218	—
Total Comprehensive loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(7,816)	(7,962)

See Accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

F-5

Sadot Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Non-controlling Interest	Total
	Shares	Amount
	('000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Balance – December 31, 2021	26,110	3	95,760	(71,370)	—	—	24,393
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle	—	—	—	(23)	—	—	(23)
Cash less exercise of pre-funded warrants	2,410	—	—	—	—	—	—
Common stock issued as compensation to board of directors	243	—	114	—	—	—	114
Common stock issued as compensation for services	35	—	18	—	—	—	18
Common stock issued as compensation for employment	20	—	11	—	—	—	11
Exercise of pre-funded warrants	438	—	—	—	—	—	—
Reconciliation for shares outstanding per transfer agent	31	—	—	—	—	—	—
Stock-based compensation – options	—	—	10	—	—	—	10
Net loss	—	—	—	(7,962)	—	—	(7,962)
Balance – December 31, 2022	29,287	3	95,913	(79,355)	—	—	16,561
Common stock compensation to board of directors	334	—	229	—	—	—	229
Common stock issued as compensation for services	7,675	1	8,172	—	—	—	8,173
Stock-based compensation - options	—	—	102	—	—	—	102
Cash exercise of warrants and warrant modification	2,153	—	3,111	—	—	—	3,111
Conversion of convertible loan	1,016	—	461	—	—	—	461
Investment in non-controlling interest	—	—	—	—	—	3,654	3,654
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	—	—	—	—	2	—	2
Unrealized gain, net of income tax	—	—	—	—	6	—	6
Net loss	—	—	—	(7,824)	—	(218)	(8,042)
Balance – December 31, 2023	40,465	4	107,988	(87,179)	8	3,436	24,257

See Accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

F-6

Sadot Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
	$’000	$’000
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net loss	(8,042)	(7,962)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Impairment of intangible asset	811	347
Impairment of goodwill	828	—
Depreciation and amortization expenses	1,808	2,015
Stock-based expenses	6,192	3,755
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	(1,339)	—
Warrant modification expense	958	—
Gain on extinguishments of debt	—	(140)
Unrealized gain, net of income tax	6	—
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	2	—
Loss on disposal of assets	197	274
Bad debt expense	77	(48)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(52,863)	(4)
Inventory	(2,263)	(39)
Operating right to use assets and lease liabilities, net	(19)	124
Other current assets	(55,698)	1,472
Other non-current assets	(46,339)	65
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	48,723	(133)
Other current liabilities	46,089	(104)
Contract liability, non-current	46,048	—
Deferred rent	—	(128)
Deferred revenue	1,413	308
Total adjustments	(5,369)	7,764
Net cash used in operating activities	(13,411)	(198)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Deposit on farmland	—	(4,914)
Investment from non-controlling interest	3,654	—
Purchases of property and equipment	(7,533)	(597)
Disposal of property and equipment	421	—
Collections from notes receivable	—	70
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,458)	(5,441)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from notes payable	11,865	—
Repayments of notes payables	(5,693)	(230)
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	2,153	—
Net cash provided by / (used in) financing activities	8,325	(230)
Net Decrease in Cash	(8,544)	(5,869)
Cash – beginning of period	9,898	15,767
Cash – end of period	1,354	9,898

See Accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

F-7

Sadot Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
	$’000	$’000
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest	600	96
Cash paid for taxes	19	26
	619	122

See Accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

F-8

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

1.    Business Organization and Nature of Operations

Sadot Group, Inc., ("Sadot Group") or ("SGI") f/k/a Muscle Maker, Inc. (“MMI”), a Nevada corporation was incorporated in Nevada on October 25, 2019. In late 2022 SGI has transformed from a U.S.-centric restaurant business into a global, organization focused on the Agri-food commodity supply chain. Effective July 27, 2023, we changed our company name from Muscle Maker, Inc., to Sadot Group, Inc. Sadot Group is headquartered in Ft. Worth, Texas with subsidiary operations all throughout the United States, Brazil, Colombia, Dubai, India, Israel, Singapore, Ukraine and Zambia.

As of December 31, 2023, SGI consisted of two distinct segments:

1.Sadot LLC (“Sadot Agri-Foods”): Sadot Group’s largest operating unit is a global Agri-Foods company engaged in farming, commodity trading and shipping of food and feed (e.g., soybean meal, wheat and corn) via dry bulk cargo ships to/from markets such as Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, China, Columbia, Ecuador, Egypt, Guinea, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, United States and Vietnam, among others. Sadot Agri-Foods competes with the ABCD commodity companies (ADM, Bunge, Cargill, Louis-Dreyfus) as well as many regional organizations. Sadot Agri-Foods operates, through a joint venture, a roughly 5,000 acre crop producing farm in Zambia with a focus on major commodities such as wheat, soy and corn alongside high-value tree crops such as avocado and mango. Sadot Agri-Foods was formed as part of the Company’s diversification strategy to own and operate, through its subsidiaries, the business lines throughout the food value chain. Sadot Agri-Foods seeks to diversify over time into a sustainable and forward-looking global agri-foods company.

2.Sadot Restaurant Group, LLC ("Sadot Food Services"): has three unique “healthier for you” concepts, including two fast casual restaurant concepts, Pokémoto and Muscle Maker Grill, plus one subscription-based fresh prep meal concept, SuperFit Foods. The restaurants were founded on the belief of taking every-day menu options and converting them into “healthier for you” menu choices. Consumers are demanding healthier choices, customization, flavor and convenience. Each of our three concepts offers different menus that are tailored to specific consumer segments. We believe our concepts deliver highly differentiated customer experiences.

SGI and its subsidiaries are hereinafter referred to as the “Company”.

Recent Corporate Developments

Effective July 27, 2023, the Company changed its name from Muscle Maker, Inc. to Sadot Group Inc. The name change was made in accordance with Section 92A.180 of the Nevada Revised Statutes by merging a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company with and into the Company, with the Company being the surviving corporation in the merger. The Company effectuated the merger by filing Articles of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada. In connection with the merger, the Company amended Article I of its Articles of Incorporation to change the Company’s corporate name to Sadot Group Inc. With the exception of the name change, there were no other changes to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation.

Additionally, as of the opening of trading on July 27, 2023, the ticker symbol of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market was changed to “SDOT” and the CUSIP number of the Company’s common stock (627333107) remained unchanged. The Company’s name and ticker symbol change do not affect the rights of the Company’s security holders, creditors, customers or suppliers. Following the name change, any stock certificates that reflect the Company’s prior name, if any, continue to be valid.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our main financial objectives are to prudently manage financial risk, ensure access to liquidity and minimize cost of capital in order to efficiently finance our business and maintain balance sheet strength. We generally finance our ongoing operations with cash flows generated from operations, borrowings under various credit facilities and term loans. At December 31, 2023, working capital, which equals Total current assets less Total current liabilities, was $8.3 million an increase of $4.2 million, compared to working capital of $4.0 million at December 31, 2022. The increase in working capital was primarily due to an increase in Accounts receivable, which was primarily driven by increased food and feed

F-9

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Commodity sales, the Prepaid forward on carbon offset, partially offset by an increase in Accounts payable and Notes payable, current. In addition, the Company has access to additional liquidity if it is needed through an executed Standby Equity Purchase Agreement ("SEPA") for up to $25 million in capital whereby the Company may submit advance requests to the lender and the lender will provide cash in consideration of shares of common stock subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the SEPA.

Working Capital

We measure our liquidity in a number of ways, including the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Cash	1,354	9,898
Accounts Receivable, net	52,920	135
Inventory	2,561	298
Other current assets(1)	56,016	317
Total current assets	112,851	10,648
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	50,167	1,953
Accrued stock-based compensation expense, related party	—	3,603
Notes payable, net	6,531	222
Other current liabilities(2)	47,884	837
Total current liabilities	104,582	6,615
Working capital(3)	8,269	4,033
Current ratio(4)	1.08	1.61

(1) Consists of Prepaid expenses and other current assets, Prepaid forward on carbon offsets, Forward sales derivatives and Notes receivable, current

(2) Consists of Operating lease liability, current, Deferred revenue, current and Other current liabilities

(3) Working Capital is defined as Total current assets less Total current liabilities

(4) Current ratio is defined as Total current assets divided by Total current liabilities

2.    Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). The accounting policies used to prepare these financial statements are the same as those used to prepare the consolidated financial statements in prior years, except as described in these notes or for the adoption of new standards as outlined below.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and majority-owned subsidiary. Any intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year balances have been reclassified in order to conform to current year presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the previously reported results of operations or loss per share.

F-10

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.

Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates include:

•the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets;

•the estimated useful lives of intangible and depreciable assets;

•estimates and assumptions used to value warrants and options;

•the recognition of revenue; and

•the recognition, measurement and valuation of current and deferred income taxes.

Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed, and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period that they are determined to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023 or 2022.

Inventory

Inventory, which are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, related to our, perishable food items and supplies related to our Food service operations of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, and raw materials, supplies and harvested crops related to our farming operations of $2.4 million and nil as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable consists of receivables related to Sadot Food Services and Sadot Agri-Foods of $53.1 million and $0.2 million net of doubtful accounts of $0.2 million and $23.4 thousand as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Accounts receivable is stated at historical carrying amounts net of write-offs and allowances for uncollectible accounts. The Company establishes allowances for uncollectible trade accounts receivable based on lifetime expected credit losses using an aging schedule for each pool of accounts receivable. Pools are determined based on risk characteristics such as the type of receivable and geography. A default rate is derived using a provision matrix which is evaluated on a regular basis by management and based on past experience and other factors. The default rate is then applied to the pool to determine the allowance for expected credit losses. Given the short-term nature of the Company's trade accounts receivable, the default rate is only adjusted if significant changes in the credit profile of the portfolio are identified (e.g., poor crop years, credit issues at the country level, systematic risk), resulting in historic loss rates that are not representative of forecasted losses. Uncollectible accounts are written off when a settlement is reached for an amount that is less than the outstanding historical balance or when the Company has determined that collection of the balance is unlikely.

Purchase of Farmland

On May 16, 2023, the Company through its wholly owned subsidiary, Sadot LLC, entered into a Purchase of Right and Variation Agreement (the “Variation Agreement”) with Zamproagro Limited, a Liberian corporation (“ZPG”) and Cropit Farming Limited, a Zambian corporation (“Cropit”) pursuant to which ZPG assigned all of its rights, liabilities and obligations of the Put and Call Option Agreement Over Land entered between ZPG and Cropit dated December 29, 2022 (the “Put Land Agreement”) to Sadot LLC, which provided ZPG with a one year call option to acquire 70% of 4,942 acres

F-11

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(2,000 hectares) of producing agricultural land along with buildings and related assets located within the Mkushi Farm Block of Zambia’s Region II agricultural zone (the “Farm”) for a purchase price of approximately $8.5 million.

On May 16, 2023, Sadot LLC and Cropit entered into Joint Venture Shareholders Agreement pursuant to which the parties agreed to form a new entity in Zambia to serve as a joint venture with respect to the farming of the Farm. The joint venture is named Sadot Enterprises Limited (“Sadot Zambia”) with Sadot LLC holding 70% of the equity and Cropit holding 30% of the equity. Sadot Zambia will hold 100% of the Farm. Sadot LLC and Cropit each appointed one director to the Board of Directors of Sadot Zambia. Further, Sadot LLC contributed $3.5 million into escrow for the primary purpose of discharging a loan secured by the Farm held by ABSA Bank.

On May 16, 2023, Sadot LLC, Cropit and Chibesakunda & Co., as escrow agent (the “Escrow Agent”) entered into an Escrow Agreement pursuant to which the Escrow Agent held all documentation required to allot Sadot LLC 70% of Sadot Zambia, documentation required to transfer the Farm to Sadot Zambia and $3.5 million contributed by Sadot LLC. Upon closing and completion of the asset acquisition of the farmland and some related property equipment, on August 23, 2023, the Escrow Agent released the required funds to ABSA Bank and released the required documentation with respect to the allocation of Sadot LLC’s interest in Sadot Zambia and the transfer of the Farm.

The asset acquisition consisted of property and equipment of $8.5 million. Cropit contributed land of $3.7 million for its non-controlling interest in the joint venture. The property and equipment that were purchased in the asset acquisition are as follows:

	As of
	August 23, 2023
	$’000
Furniture and Equipment	211
Vehicles	203
Land and Land Improvements	11,766
	12,180

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated Depreciation and amortization expenses. Major improvements are capitalized, and minor replacements, maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization expenses are calculated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the lease term of the related asset. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Furniture and Equipment	3 – 7 years
Leasehold Improvements	1 – 8 years
Vehicles	5 – 10 years
Land Improvements	3 – 20 years

Intangible Assets

The Company accounts for recorded intangible assets in accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC’) 350 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other”. In accordance with ASC 350, the Company does not amortize intangible assets having indefinite useful lives. The Company’s goodwill has an indefinite life and is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment at least annually, or more often whenever changes in facts and circumstances may indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. ASC 350 requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value. Significant judgment is required to estimate the fair value of

F-12

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

reporting units which includes estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and/or goodwill impairment.

The useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are:

Franchise license	10 years
Trademark	5 years
Proprietary recipes	7 years

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

When circumstances, such as adverse market conditions, indicate that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may be impaired, the Company performs an analysis to review the recoverability of the asset’s carrying value, which includes estimating the undiscounted cash flows (excluding interest charges) from the expected future operations of the asset. These estimates consider factors such as expected future operating income, operating trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. If the analysis indicates that the carrying value is not recoverable from future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Any impairment losses are recorded as operating expenses, which reduce net income.

Convertible Instruments

The Company evaluates its convertible instruments to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with Topic 815 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

If the instrument is determined not to be a derivative liability, the Company then evaluates for the existence of a beneficial conversion feature by comparing the market price of the Company’s common stock as of the commitment date to the effective conversion price of the instrument.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company deemed the conversion feature related to notes payable was not required to be bifurcated and recorded as a derivative liability.

Related Parties

A party is considered to be related to the Company if the party directly, indirectly, or through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. A party which can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or if it has an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests is also a related party.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenues consist of Commodity sales, Restaurant sales, Franchise royalties and fees, Franchise advertising fund contributions, and Other revenues. The Company recognizes revenues according to Topic 606 of FASB, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. Under the guidance, revenue is recognized in accordance with a five-step revenue model, as follows: (1) identifying the contract with the customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (5) recognizing revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In applying this five-step model, we made significant

F-13

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

judgments in identifying the promised goods or services in our contracts with franchisees that are distinct, and which represent separate performance obligations.

Commodity Sales

Commodity sale revenue is generated by Sadot Agri-Foods and is recognized when the commodity is delivered as evidenced by delivery and the invoice is prepared and submitted to the customer. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded Commodity sales revenues of $717.5 million and $150.6 million, respectively, which is included in Commodity sales on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Restaurant Sales

Retail store revenue at Sadot Food Service is recognized when payment is tendered at the point of sale, net of sales tax, discounts and other sales related taxes. The Company recorded retail store revenues of $8.1 million and $10.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in Restaurant sales on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The Company sells gift cards which do not have an expiration date, and it does not deduct dormancy fees from outstanding gift card balances. The Company recognizes revenues from gift cards as restaurant revenues once the Company performs its obligation to provide food and beverage to the customer simultaneously with the redemption of the gift card or through gift card breakage, as discussed in Other revenues below.

Franchise Royalties and Fees

Franchise revenues consists of royalties, initial franchise fees and rebates. Royalties are based on a percentage of franchisee net sales revenue. The Company recognizes the royalties as the underlying sales occur. The Company recorded revenue from royalties of $1.0 million and $0.7 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in Franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The Company provides the franchisees with management expertise, training, pre-opening assistance, and restaurant operating assistance in exchange for the multi-unit development fees and initial franchise fees. The Company capitalizes these fees upon collection from the franchisee. These initial fees are then recognized as franchise fee revenue on a straight-line basis over the life of the related franchise agreements and any exercised renewal periods. Cash payments are due upon the execution of the related franchise agreement. The Company’s performance obligation with respect to franchise fee revenues consists of a license to utilize the Company’s brand for a specified period of time, which is satisfied equally over the life of each franchise agreement. If a franchise location closes or a franchise agreement is terminated for any reason, the unrecognized revenue will be recognized in full at that time. The Company recorded revenue from initial franchise fees of $0.2 million and $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in Franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The Company has supply agreements with certain food and beverage vendors. Pursuant to the terms of these agreements, rebates are provided to the Company based upon the dollar volume of purchases for all company-owned and franchised restaurants from these vendors. Rebates earned on purchases by franchise stores are recorded as revenue during the period in which the related food and beverage purchases are made. The Company recorded revenue from rebates of $0.1 million and $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in Franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Rebates earned on purchases by Company-owned stores are recorded as a reduction of Food and beverage costs during the period in which the related food and beverage purchases are made.

Franchise Advertising Fund Contributions

Under the Company’s franchise agreements, the Company and its franchisees are required to contribute a certain percentage of revenues to a national advertising fund. The Company’s national advertising services are provided on a

F-14

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

system-wide basis and therefore, not considered distinct performance obligations for individual franchisees. In accordance with Topic 606, the Company recognizes these sales-based advertising contributions from franchisees as franchise revenue when the underlying franchisee Company incurs the corresponding advertising expense. The Company records the related advertising expenses as incurred under Sales, general and administrative expenses. When an advertising contribution fund is over-spent at year-end, advertising expenses will be reported on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss in an amount that is greater than the revenue recorded for advertising contributions. Conversely, when an advertising contribution fund is under-spent at a year-end, the Company will accrue advertising costs up to advertising contributions recorded in revenue. The Company recorded contributions from franchisees of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, which are included in Franchise advertising fund contributions on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Other Revenues

Gift card breakage is recognized when the likelihood of a gift card being redeemed by the customer is remote and the Company determines there is not a legal obligation to remit the unredeemed gift card balance to the relevant jurisdiction. The determination of the gift card breakage rate is based upon the Company’s specific historical redemption patterns. Gift card liability is recorded in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recorded $13.0 thousand and $5.0 thousand for gift card breakage for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue primarily includes initial franchise fees received by the Company and revenue from forward sales contracts. Deferred revenue related to Sadot food services is recognized in income over the life of the franchise. If a franchise location closes or a franchise agreement is terminated for any reason, the remaining deferred revenue will be recognized in full at that time. Deferred revenue related to Sadot Agri-Foods is recognized at the completion of the commodity forward sales contract agreements.

Stock-Based Expenses

Stock-based expenses include all expenses that are paid with stock. This includes stock-based consulting fees due to Aggia and other consultants, stock compensation paid to the Company's board of directors, and stock compensation paid to employees. The consulting fees due to Aggia related to ongoing Sadot Agri-Foods and expansion of the global agri-commodities business. Based on the initial Services Agreement with Aggia LLC FZ, a Company formed under the laws of United Arab Emirates (“Aggia”), the consulting fees were calculated at approximately 80.0% of the Net Income generated by Sadot Agri-Foods through March 31, 2023. As of April 1, 2023 the consulting agreement was amended to calculate consulting fees on 40.0% of the Net income generated by Sadot LLC. See Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies for further details. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, $6.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively, are recorded as Stock-based expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. For employees and directors, the fair value of the award is measured on the grant date and for non-employees, the fair value of the award is generally recorded on the grant date and re-measured on financial reporting dates and vesting dates until the service period is complete. The fair value amount of the award is then recognized over the period services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period.

Advertising

Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred. Advertising costs of $1.3 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are included in Sales, general and administrative expenses and $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, are included in Cost of goods sold in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

F-15

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Net Loss per Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc. by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus the impact of potential common shares, if dilutive, resulting from the exercise of warrants, options or the conversion of convertible notes payable.

The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average diluted common shares at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	December 31,
	2023	2022
	('000	('000
Warrants	17,380	18,033
Options	828	413
RSAs	8,643	—
Convertible debt	9,238	24
Total potentially dilutive shares	36,089	18,470

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and dilutive net loss per share attributable to the Company’s

stockholders:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
(In thousands, except for share count and per share data)
Net loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(7,824)	(7,962)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic	34,940,559	28,558,586
Effect of potentially dilutive stock options	—	—
Diluted	34,940,559	28,558,586
Net loss per share attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.:
Basic	(0.22)	(0.28)
Diluted	(0.22)	(0.28)

Major Vendor

The Company engages various vendors to purchase commodities for resale and distribute food products to their Company-owned restaurants. Purchases from the Company’s largest commodity supplier totaled 88% for the year ended December 31, 2023. Purchases from the Company’s largest food service supplier totaled 33% for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Derivative Instruments

The Company is exposed to market risks primarily related to the volatility in the price of carbon credits and soybeans. To manage these risks, the Company enters into forward sales contracts to sell carbon offset units from time to time. The Company evaluates its contracts to determine if such contracts qualify as derivatives under FASB Accounting ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). Derivative instruments are recorded as either assets or liabilities measured at their fair values. As the Company’s existing contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, any changes in fair value are recorded as Gain / (loss) on fair value remeasurement within “Other income / (expense)” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss for each reporting period. Derivative assets and liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument is probable within the next 12 months from the balance sheet date. The Company does not offset its derivative assets and

F-16

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are recorded as an adjustment to operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows.

Refer to Fair Value of Financial Instruments below, Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies and Note 18 – Financial instruments for additional information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments.

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value and then are subsequently remeasured to fair value at the reporting date. Forward sales contracts are derivatives that were purchased and sold at a later date at a fixed or determinable price for a specified period. Changes in fair value are recognized in Gain / (loss) on fair value remeasurement in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss, as appropriate.

We use derivative financial instruments primarily for purposes of hedging exposures to fluctuations in agricultural commodity prices. We enter into these derivative contracts for periods consistent with the related underlying exposures, and the contracts do not constitute positions independent of those exposures. We do not enter into derivative contracts for speculative purposes and do not use leveraged instruments.

We record all open contract positions on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value and typically do not offset these assets and liabilities. There were two open positions at December 31, 2023.

Cash flows from derivative contracts are included in Net cash provided by operating activities.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the guidance of the FASB Accounting ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”).

ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable.

Level 3 — inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

See Note 17 – Fair value measurement for a summary of financial liabilities held at carrying amount including the Accrued compensation liability, Forward sales derivatives and the Derivative liability. For details related to the fair value of the Accrued compensation liability measured using Level 1 inputs, refer to Note 19 – Equity for details related to the fair value of the Forward sales derivatives and Derivative liability measured using Level 2 inputs, refer to Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies and Note 18 – Financial instruments.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and credit carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to impact taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.

F-17

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return are recorded in the Company’s financial statements. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is only recognized if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Uncertain tax positions have had no impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company does not expect any significant changes in its unrecognized tax benefits within years of the reporting date.

The Company’s policy is to classify assessments, if any, for tax related interest as interest expense and penalties as Sales, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Currency Translation Differences

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of Company's at the average foreign exchange rates for income and expenses. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency at the foreign exchange rate ruling as of the reporting period end date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are stated at fair value are translated to the functional currency at foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates the fair value was determined. Foreign exchange differences arising on translation are recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including farm operations and fair value adjustments arising on consolidation, are translated to the Company’s reporting currency, United States Dollars, at foreign exchange rates at the

reporting date. On a monthly basis, for subsidiaries whose functional currency is a currency other than the U.S. dollar, subsidiary statements of income and cash flows must be translated into U.S. dollars for consolidation purposes based on weighted-average exchange rates in each monthly period. As a result, fluctuations of local currencies compared to the U.S. dollar during each monthly period impact our consolidated statements of income and cash flows for each reported period (per quarter and year-to-date) and also affect comparisons between those reported periods.

Non-controlling Interests

The Company consolidates entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. The Company consolidates subsidiaries in which the Company holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting rights. Non-controlling interests represent third-party equity ownership interests in the Company’s consolidated entities. The amount of net income attributable to Non-controlling interests is disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires companies to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use leased assets on the Balance Sheets and to disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Qualitative and quantitative disclosures will be enhanced to better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted.

Additionally, in 2018 and 2019, the FASB issued the following Topic 842–related ASUs:

•ASU 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, which clarifies the applicability of Topic 842 to land easements and provides an optional transition practical expedient for existing land easements;

•ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which makes certain technical corrections to Topic 842;

F-18

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

•ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which allows companies to adopt Topic 842 without revising comparative period reporting or disclosures and provides an optional practical expedient to lessors to not separate lease and non-lease components of a contract if certain criteria are met; and

•ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements, which provides guidance for certain lessors on determining the fair value of an underlying asset in a lease and on the cash flow statement presentation of lease payments received; ASU No. 2019-01 also clarifies disclosures required in interim periods after adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 in the year of adoption.

The Company adopted Topic 842 as of January 1, 2022 and recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit of $15.0 thousand as of the adoption date, and recognized an additional $7.8 thousand during the second quarter of 2022, based on updated information on two of our leases, for an aggregate cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit of $22.8 thousand. See Note 11 – Leases for further details.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08 Business Combinations (“Topic 805”): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. The ASU requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, as if it had originated the contracts. Under the current business combinations guidance, such assets and liabilities were recognized by the acquirer at fair value on the acquisition date. The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended subsequently by ASUs 2018-19, 2019-04, 2019-05, 2019-10, 2019-11 and 2020-03. The guidance in the ASUs requires that credit losses be reported using an expected losses model rather than the incurred losses model that is currently used. The standard also establishes additional disclosures related to credit risks. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2023 did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06 Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. Among other changes, ASU 2020-06 removes the liability and equity separation model for convertible instruments with a cash conversion feature, and as a result, after adoption, entities will no longer separately present in equity an embedded conversion feature for such debt. Similarly, the embedded conversion feature will no longer be amortized into income as interest expense over the life of the instrument. Instead, entities will account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt unless (1) a convertible instrument contains features that require bifurcation as a derivative under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or (2) a convertible debt instrument was issued at a substantial premium. Additionally, ASU 2020-06 requires the application of the if-converted method to calculate the impact of convertible instruments on diluted earnings per share and updates the disclosure requirements in ASC 470-20, making them easier to understand for financial statement preparers and improving the decision-usefulness and relevance of the information for financial statement users. The Company early adopted the new guidance from January 1, 2023, noting no material impact.

In April 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt— Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options” (“ASU 2021-04”) to clarify the accounting by issuers for modifications or exchanges of equity-classified warrants. The new ASU is effective for all entities in fiscal years starting after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the new guidance from January 1, 2023, noting no material impact.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). The standard requires incremental disclosures related to reportable segments, including disaggregated expense information and the title and position of the company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), as identified for purposes of segment determination. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities must adopt the changes to the segment reporting guidance on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

F-19

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Subsequent Events

The Company evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation and transactions, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the Financial Statements, except as disclosed in Note 21 – Subsequent events.

3.    Allowance for Credit Losses on Accounts Receivable

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, a summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable appears below:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Balance at beginning of period	23	—
Adjustments related to Sadot food services	72	23
Adjustments related to Sadot agri-foods	78	—
Customer accounts written off, net of recoveries	—	—
Balance at end of period	173	23

4.    Other Current Assets

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s other current assets consists of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Prepaid expenses	766	89
Other receivables	7	228
Contract assets - current	47,180	—
Forward sales derivative	1,491	—
Notes receivable, current	148	—
Prepaid forward on carbon offsets	6,424	—
Other current assets	56,016	317

F-20

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

5.    Other Non-Current Assets

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s other non-current assets consists of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Security deposit	76	103
Notes receivable, non-current	26	—
Contract assets, non-current	46,340	—
Other non-current assets	46,442	103

6.    Property and Equipment, Net

As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, Property and equipment consist of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Furniture and equipment	1,026	1,266
Vehicles	270	55
Leasehold improvements	877	2,062
Land and land improvements	11,766	—
Construction in process	—	5
Property and equipment, gross	13,939	3,388
Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,056)	(1,493)
Property and equipment, net	12,883	1,895

Depreciation expense amounted to $0.8 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company wrote off Property and equipment with an original cost value of $1.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The Company wrote off Property and equipment related to closed locations and future locations that were terminated due to a change of business focus and recorded a loss on disposal of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss. Please refer to Note 2 – Significant accounting policies for additional information.

7.    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net

The Company’s intangible assets include trademarks, franchisee agreements, franchise license, domain names, customer list, proprietary recipes and non-compete agreements. Intangible assets are amortized over useful lives ranging from 5 to 10 years.

F-21

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

A summary of the intangible assets is presented below:

	Intangible assets, net at December 31, 2021	Impairment of intangible assets	Amortization expense	Intangible assets, net at December 31, 2022	Impairment of intangible assets	Amortization expense	Intangible assets, net at December 31, 2023
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Trademark Muscle Maker Grill	1,526	(347)	(509)	670	(419)	(251)	—
Franchise Agreements Muscle Maker Grill	163	—	(27)	136	(116)	(20)	—
Trademark SuperFit	38	—	(9)	29	(22)	(7)	—
Domain Name SuperFit	106	—	(25)	81	(62)	(19)	—
Customer List SuperFit	118	—	(28)	90	(70)	(20)	—
Proprietary Recipes SuperFit	135	—	(32)	103	(79)	(24)	—
Non-Compete Agreement SuperFit	194	—	(87)	107	(43)	(64)	—
Trademark Pokemoto	153	—	(35)	118	—	(35)	83
Franchisee License Pokemoto	2,599	—	(277)	2,322	—	(277)	2,045
Proprietary Recipes Pokemoto	1,028	—	(161)	867	—	(162)	705
Non-Compete Agreement Pokemoto	328	—	(240)	88	—	(88)	—
	6,388	(347)	(1,430)	4,611	(811)	(967)	2,833

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $1.0 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	Thereafter	Total
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Trademark Pokemoto	35	35	13	—	—	—	83
Franchisee License Pokemoto	278	277	277	277	277	659	2,045
Proprietary Recipes Pokemoto	162	161	161	161	60	—	705
	475	473	451	438	337	659	2,833

On August 4, 2023, the Company announced its intention to strategically pivot towards the global food supply chain sector. The Company plans to reduce Sadot Food Services operating expenses by closing underperforming units while refranchising (selling) most of the remaining company-owned units. Due to the structural change of the Company's operations and the closing or marketing for sale of the Company owned stores an impairment testing of the Company’s intangible assets was performed. Therefore, an impairment charge of $0.8 million was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023.

F-22

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

A summary of the goodwill assets is presented below:

	Muscle Maker Grill	Pokemoto	SuperFit Food	Total
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Goodwill, net at December 31, 2021	570	1,798	258	2,626
Impairment of goodwill	—	—	—	—
Goodwill, net at December 31, 2022	570	1,798	258	2,626
Impairment of goodwill	(570)	—	(258)	(828)
Goodwill, net at December 31, 2023	—	1,798	—	1,798

On August 4, 2023, the Company announced its intention to strategically pivot towards the global food supply chain sector. The Company plans to reduce Sadot Food Services operating expenses by closing underperforming units while refranchising (selling) most of the remaining company-owned units. Due to the structural change of the Company's operations and the closing or marketing for sale of the Company owned stores an impairment testing of the Company’s goodwill was performed. During the year ended December 31, 2023, there was an Impairment of goodwill of $0.8 million. There was no impairment during the year ended December 31, 2022.

8.    Accounts Payables and Accrued Expenses

Accounts payables and accrued expenses consist of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Accounts payable	3,488	1,085
Accrued payroll and bonuses	756	551
Accrued expenses	204	87
Accrued interest expenses	77	—
Accrued professional fees	255	185
Accounts payable commodities	45,342	—
Accrued purchases	17	—
Sales taxes payable	28	45
	50,167	1,953

9.    Accrued Stock-Based Consulting Expenses Due to Related Party

At December 31, 2023, there were no Accrued stock-based consulting expenses and at December 31, 2022, Accrued stock-based consulting expenses were $3.6 million. Accrued stock-based consulting expenses are related to consulting fees due to Aggia, for Sadot Agri-Foods. See Note 20 – Related party transactions for details. Based on the initial Services Agreement with Aggia LLC FZ, a Company formed under the laws of United Arab Emirates (“Aggia”), the consulting fees were calculated at approximately 80% of the Net Income generated by Sadot Agri-Foods through March 31, 2023. As of April 1, 2023, the consulting agreement was amended to calculate consulting fees on 40.0% of the Net income generated by Sadot Agri-Foods. See Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies for further details. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, $5.4 million and $3.6 million, respectively, are also recorded within Stock-based expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss. The Stock-based consulting expenses that were due to related party were paid in stock in 2023.

F-23

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

10.    Notes Payable

Standby Equity Purchase Agreement

On September 22, 2023, the Company entered into the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (“SEPA”) with YA II PN, LTD, a Cayman Islands exempt limited partnership (“Yorkville”) pursuant to which the Company has the right to sell to Yorkville up to $25 million of its shares of common stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the SEPA, from time to time during the term of the SEPA. This freestanding financial instrument (put option) is by definition a derivative that should be accounted for under ASC 815. Since this put option is for common stock of the Company and there is no cash settlement, this instrument is considered indexed to its own stock. Additionally, under the guidance, this instrument would be classified as equity. In accordance with ASC 815, the Company should fair value this instrument on day 1 and record in this amount equity with no adjustments to fair value during its life. Since the debit and credit would both go through APIC, the Company determined it would not measure or record this option as it would have no effect on the consolidated financial statements. Sales of the shares of common stock to Yorkville under the SEPA, and the timing of any such sales, are at the Company’s option, and the Company is under no obligation to sell any shares of common stock to Yorkville under the SEPA except in connection with notices that may be submitted by Yorkville, in certain circumstances as described below.

Upon the satisfaction of the conditions to Yorkville’s purchase obligation set forth in the SEPA, including having a registration statement registering the resale of the shares of common stock issuable under the SEPA declared effective by the SEC, the Company will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at its discretion until the SEPA is terminated to direct Yorkville to purchase a specified number of shares of common stock (“Advance”) by delivering written notice to Yorkville (“Advance Notice”). While there is no mandatory minimum amount for any Advance, it may not exceed an amount equal to 100% of the average of the daily traded amount during the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding an Advance Notice.

The shares of common stock purchased pursuant to an Advance delivered by the Company will be purchased at a price equal to 97% of the lowest daily VWAP of the shares of common stock during the three consecutive trading days commencing on the date of the delivery of the Advance Notice, other than the daily VWAP on a day in which the daily VWAP is less than a minimum acceptable price as stated by the Company in the Advance Notice or there is no VWAP on the subject trading day. The Company may establish a minimum acceptable price in each Advance Notice below which the Company will not be obligated to make any sales to Yorkville. “VWAP” is defined as the daily volume weighted average price of the shares of common stock for such trading day on the Nasdaq Stock Market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P. Accordingly, as may otherwise be limited by Yorkville’s 4.99% beneficial ownership limitation, assuming the Company submits an Advance requiring Yorkville to provide $0.1 million in funding and assuming an applicable VWAP of $1.10 and, in turn, a purchase price of $1.067 (97% of the VWAP), the Company would be required to issue 0.1 million shares of common stock and Yorkville would receive a profit of approximately $0.03201 per share, or approximately $2,999.98, if it sold all of such shares at $1.10 per share.

In connection with the SEPA, and subject to the condition set forth therein, Yorkville has agreed to advance to the Company in the form of convertible promissory notes (the “Convertible Notes”) an aggregate principal amount of $4.0 million (the “Pre-Paid Advance”). The Pre-Paid Advance was disbursed on September 22, 2023 with respect to $3.0 million and the balance of $1.0 million was disbursed on October 30, 2023, upon the registration statement registering the resale of the shares of common stock issuable under the SEPA being declared effective. The purchase price for the Pre-Paid Advance is 94.0% of the principal amount of the Pre-Paid Advance. Interest shall accrue on the outstanding balance of any Pre-Paid Advance at an annual rate equal to 6.0%, subject to an increase to 18% upon an event of default as described in the Convertible Notes. The maturity date will be 12-months after the initial closing of the Pre-Paid Advance. Yorkville may convert the Convertible Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price equal to the lower of $1.11495 or 95% of the lowest daily VWAP during the seven consecutive trading days immediately proceeding the conversion (the “Conversion Price”), which in no event may the Conversion Price be lower than $0.33 (the “Floor Price”). In addition, upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an event of default, the Convertible Notes shall become immediately due and payable and the Company shall pay to Yorkville the principal and interest due thereunder. In no event shall Yorkville be allowed to effect a conversion if such conversion, along with all other shares of common stock beneficially owned by Yorkville and its affiliates would exceed 4.99% of the outstanding shares of the common stock of the Company. If any time on or after October 22, 2023 (i) the daily VWAP is less than the Floor Price for seven trading

F-24

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

days during a period of nine consecutive trading days (“Floor Price Trigger”), or (ii) the Company has issued in excess of 99% of the shares of common stock available under the Exchange Cap (“Exchange Cap Trigger” and collectively with the Floor Price Trigger, the “Trigger”)), then the Company shall make monthly payments to Yorkville beginning on the seventh trading day after the Trigger and continuing monthly in the amount of $0.5 million plus an 8.0% premium and accrued and unpaid interest. The Exchange Cap Trigger will not apply in the event the Company has obtained the approval from its stockholders in accordance with the rules of Nasdaq Stock Market for the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to the transactions contemplated in the Convertible Note and the SEPA in excess of 19.99% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of the effective date of the SEPA (the “Exchange Cap”). No triggering event occured as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, 1.2 million shares of common stock have been converted leaving an aggregate principle balance remaining of $3.6 million.

Notes Payable

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company received a total amount of $11.9 million and nil, respectively, and repaid a total amount of $5.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of the notes payables.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had an aggregate amount of $7.1 million in notes payable, net of discount of $0.2 million. Other than the Yorkville note above there are various notes payable for an aggregate amount of $3.8 million with interest rates ranging between 3.75% - 12.00% per annum, due on various dates through May 2026.

The maturities of notes payable as of December 31, 2023, are as follows:

	Principal Amount
	$’000
1/1/24-12/31/24	6,687
1/1/25-12/31/25	79
1/1/26-12/31/26	543
1/1/27-12/31/27	—
Thereafter	—
	7,309

11.    Leases

The Company’s leases consist of restaurant locations. We determine if a contract contains a lease at inception. The leases generally has remaining terms of 1-8 years and most leases include the option to extend the leases for an additional 5-year period.

The total lease cost associated with Right of use assets and Operating lease liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2023, was $0.7 million and has been recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss within Cost of goods sold.

F-25

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company's assets and liabilities related to the Company’s leases were as follows:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Assets
Right to use asset	1,284	2,433
Liabilities
Operating leases – current	385	560
Operating leases – non-current	1,027	2,019
Total lease liabilities	1,412	2,579

The table below presents the future minimum lease payments under the noncancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2023:

	Operating Leases
	$’000
Fiscal Year:
2023	—
2024	529
2025	378
2026	239
2027	245
2028	184
Thereafter	304
Total lease payments	1,879
Less imputed interest	(467)
Present value of lease liabilities	1,412

The Company’s lease term and discount rates were as follows:

	As of December 31, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases	4.86
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases	12.0	%

All remaining leases relate to the Sadot Food Services segment, and in the event the segment is sold, the remaining leases would be included in the acquisition.

F-26

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

12.    Deferred Revenue

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, deferred revenue consists of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Deferred revenues, net	2,784	1,371
Less: deferred revenue, current	(1,229)	(95)
Deferred revenues, non-current	1,555	1,276

Deferred revenue related to commodity forward sales contracts of $1.4 million and nil, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Deferred revenue related to deferred franchise fees of $1.4 million and $1.4 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

13.    Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consist of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Gift card liability	13	25
Co-op advertising fund liability	114	79
Marketing development brand liability	68	35
Advertising fund liability	29	43
Contract liabilities, current	46,046	—
	46,270	182

See Note 2 – Significant accounting policies for details related to the gift card liability and advertising fund liability. See Note 17 – Fair value measurement for details related to the contract liabilities.

F-27

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

14.    Income Taxes

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented below:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
	$’000	$’000
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	11,890	10,615
Receivable allowance	37	5
Stock-based compensation	20	15
Intangible assets	727	314
163(j) adjustment	100	—
Accrued expenses	106	—
Capitalized costs	4	—
Deferred revenues	310	204
Leases	301	32
Gross deferred tax asset	13,495	11,185
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(60)	(160)
Leases	(274)	—
Unrealized gains	(317)	—
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(651)	(160)
Net deferred tax assets	12,844	11,025
Valuation allowance	(12,844)	(11,025)
Net deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance	—	—

The income tax (benefit) / expense for the periods shown consist of the following:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
	$’000	$’000
Federal:
Current	—	—
Deferred	—	—
State and local:
Current	(15)	25
Deferred	—	—
	(15)	25
Change in valuation allowance	—	—
Income tax (benefit) /expense	(15)	25

F-28

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the periods shown, are as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Federal income tax benefit at statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income tax benefit, net of federal impact	1.1	%	(0.5)	%
Permanent differences	(0.3)	%	(0.1)	%
PPP loan forgiveness	—	%	0.4	%
Return to provision adjustments	0.5	%	3.3	%
Deferred tax asset true up- State	—	%	(14.5)	%
Warrant modification expense	(2.5)	%	—	%
Fair value gain/loss on share issuance	3.6	%	—	%
Deferred tax asset true up- Federal	—	%	(6.8)	%
Change in valuation allowance	(23.2)	%	(3.3)	%
Effective income tax rate	0.2	%	(0.5)	%

The Company has filing obligations in what it considers its U.S. major tax jurisdictions as follows: Nevada, California, Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, Texas, Virginia, New York State and New York City. The earliest year that the Company is subject to examination is the year ended December 31, 2015.

The Company has approximately $71.8 million of Federal and State Net operating loss (“NOLs”) available to offset future taxable income. The net operating loss carryforwards generated prior to 2018, if not utilized, will expire from 2035 to 2037 for federal and state purposes.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that the Company will not recognize the future tax benefit of the loss carryforwards and has recognized a valuation allowance of $12.8 million and $11.0 million, respectively. The valuation allowance increased by approximately $1.8 million.

Utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards and credits may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the ownership change limitations provided by Section 382 and Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and similar state provisions. Generally, in addition to certain entity reorganizations, the limitation applies when one or more “5 percent stockholders” increase their ownership, in the aggregate, by more than 50 percentage points over a 36-month time period testing period or beginning the day after the most recent ownership change, if shorter.

15.    Commitments and Contingencies

Forward Purchase and Sales Contracts

On September 12, 2023, the Company through Sadot Agri-Foods, entered into a forward purchase contract titled the Verified Emissions Reduction Purchase Agreement (“VERPA”) for the acquisition of Verified Carbon Units (“VCUs”) generated by a conservation project along the Riau coastline in Indonesia (“conservation project”). Under the VERPA, Sadot Agri-Foods will acquire 180,000 VCUs between 2025 and 2027 as issued. Delivery of VCUs to Sadot Agri-Foods is expected within 14 days from credit issuance annually, where such delivery will occur no later than December of each respective year. The acquisition price for these VCUs is $35.69 per VCU, or $6.4 million in the aggregate, which was paid on September 23, 2023. The aggregate purchase price paid of $6.4 million was recorded on the balance sheet within the “Prepaid forward on carbon offsets” account.

On September 13, 2023, the Company through Sadot Agri-Foods, entered into a separate forward sales agreement pursuant to which the purchaser agreed to acquire 180,000 VCUs between 2025 and 2026 for an acquisition price of $44.62 per VCU, or $8.0 million. The VCUs are expected to be generated as part of the conservation project. The VCUs would be delivered within 14 days from credit issuance annually, where such delivery will occur no later than December of each respective year. Payment for these VCUs would not be required until 2025 at the earliest, within 10 days of VCU issuance.

F-29

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

However, Sadot Agri-Foods has the right to repurchase any VCUs during the term of this forward contract at the then current market price (based on the prices reported by an independent marketplace). This contract was determined to be a derivative in accordance with ASC 815.

On November 24, 2023, the Company through Sadot Agri-Foods, entered into a forward sale contract for the sale of 70,000 Metric Tons (“MTs”) of soybeans. Sadot Agri-Foods will provide 70,000 MTs to a third-party in May 2025, which is the executed contract date. The acquisition price for these MTs is $662 per MT, or $46.3 million in the aggregate. This contract was determined to be a derivative in accordance with ASC 815.

On December 6, 2023, the Company through Sadot Agri-Foods, entered into a forward sale contract for the sale of 70,000 Metric Tons (“MTs”) of soybeans. Sadot Agri-Foods will provide 70,000 MTs to a third-party in November/December 2024, which is the executed contract date. The acquisition price for these MTs is $674 per MT, or $47.2 million in the aggregate. This contract was determined to be a derivative in accordance with ASC 815.

Refer to Note 2 – Significant accounting policies, Note 17 – Fair value measurement and Note 18 – Financial instruments for additional information regarding the Derivative liability.

Election of Directors

On December 22, 2022, the Company held its annual shareholders meeting, and the shareholders voted on the directors to serve on the Company’s board of directors. The shareholders elected Kevin Mohan, Stephen Spanos, A.B. Southall III, Paul L. Menchik, Jeff Carl, Major General (ret) Malcolm Frost and Phillip Balatsos to serve on the Company’s board of directors.

On December 27, 2022, the Board appointed Benjamin Petel to the Board of Directors.

On February 2, 2023, the Board appointed Na Yeon (“Hannah”) Oh and Ray Shankar to the Board of Directors, effective March 1, 2023.

On April 3, 2023, the Board appointed Paul Sansom and Marvin Yeo to the Board of Directors.

On June 15, 2023 The Board appointed Dr. Ahmed Khan, David Errington and Mark McKinney to the Board of Directors.

On December 20, 2023, the Company held its annual shareholders meeting, and the shareholders voted on the directors to serve on the Company’s board of directors. The shareholders elected Kevin Mohan, Stephen Spanos, David Errington, Jeff Carl, Na Yeon ("Hannah") Oh, Ray Shankar, Mark McKinney, Marvin Yeo, Paul Sansom, Benjamin Petel and Dr. Ahmed Khan to serve on the Company’s board of directors.

Consulting Agreements

On November 14, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), the Company, Sadot LLC and Aggia LLC FC, a company formed under the laws of United Arab Emirates (“Aggia”) entered into a Services Agreement (the “Services Agreement”) whereby Sadot LLC engaged Aggia to provide certain advisory services to Sadot Agri-Food for creating, acquiring and managing Sadot Agri-Foods’s business of wholesaling food and engaging in the purchase and sale of physical food commodities.

As consideration for Aggia providing the services to Sadot Agri-Food, the Company agreed to issue shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, to Aggia subject to Sadot Agri-Food generating net income measured on a quarterly basis at per share price of $1.5625, subject to equitable adjustments for any combinations or splits of the common stock occurring following the Effective Date. Upon Sadot Agri-Food generating net income for any fiscal quarter, the Company shall issue Aggia a number of shares of common stock equal to the net income for such fiscal quarter divided by the per share price (the “Shares”). The Company may only issue authorized, unreserved shares of common stock. The Company will not issue Aggia in excess of 14.4 million shares representing 49.999% of the number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of the Effective Date. Further, once Aggia has been issued a number of shares constituting 19.99% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of the Company, no additional shares shall be issued to Aggia unless and until this transaction has been approved by the shareholders of the Company. In the event that the shares cap has been reached, then the remaining portion of the net income, if any, not issued as shares shall accrue as

F-30

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

debt payable by Sadot Group to Aggia until such debt has reached a maximum of $71.5 million. The Company will prepare the shares earned calculation after the annual audit or quarter review is completed by the auditors. The shares will be issued within 10 days of the final calculation.

On July 14, 2023 (the “Addendum Date”), effective April 1, 2023, the parties entered into Addendum 2 to the Services Agreement (“Addendum 2”) pursuant to which the parties amended the compensation that Aggia is entitled.

Pursuant to Addendum 2, on the Addendum Date, the Company issued 8.9 million shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company, which such Shares represent 14.4 million Shares that Aggia is entitled to receive pursuant to the Services Agreement less the 5.6 million Shares that have been issued to Aggia pursuant to the Services Agreement as of the Addendum Date. The Company will not issue Aggia in excess of 14.4 million Shares representing 49.9% of the number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of the effective date of the Services Agreement. The Shares shall be considered issued and outstanding as of the Addendum Date and Aggia shall hold all rights associated with such Shares. The Shares vest on a progressive schedule, at a rate equal to the net income of Sadot Agri-Foods, calculated quarterly divided by $3.125, which for accounting purposes shall equal 40% of the net income of Sadot Agri-Foods, calculated quarterly divided by $1.25. During the 30 day period after July 14, 2028 (the “Share Repurchase Date”), Aggia may purchase any Shares not vested. All Shares not vested or purchased by Aggia, shall be repurchased by the Company from Aggia at per share price of $0.001 per share. Further, the parties clarified that the Lock Up Agreement previously entered between the Company and Aggia dated November 16, 2022 shall be terminated on May 16, 2024 provided that any Shares that have not vested or been purchased by Aggia may not be transferred, offered, pledged, sold, subject to a contract to sell, granted any options for the sale of or otherwise disposed of, directly or indirectly. Following the Share Repurchase Date, in the event that there is net income for any fiscal quarter, then an amount equal to 40% of the net income shall accrue as debt payable by Sadot Group to Aggia (the “Debt”), until such Debt has reached a maximum of $71.5 million.

Additionally, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company reimbursed Aggia for all operating costs related to Sadot Agri-Foods operating expenses including labor and operating expenses and general administrative expenses of $2.6 million, $0.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively and all operating costs related to Sadot Agri-Foods including labor and operating expenses of $0.5 million and $19.0 thousand, respectively.

Franchising

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company entered into various Pokemoto franchise agreements for a total of 20 and 30, respectively, potentially new Pokemoto locations with various franchisees. The Franchisees paid the Company an aggregate of $0.2 million and $0.5 million and this has been recorded in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Master Franchise Agreement

On October 25, 2021, Muscle Maker Development International LLC (“MMDI”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Muscle Maker Inc., entered into a Master Franchise Agreement (the “Master Franchise Agreement”) with Almatrouk Catering Company – OPC (“ACC”) providing ACC with the right to grant franchises for the development of 40 “Muscle Maker Grill” restaurants through December 31, 2030 (the “Term”) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (“KSA”).

Under the Master Franchise Agreement, MMDI has granted to ACC an exclusive right to establish and operate Muscle Maker restaurants in the KSA. MMDI will not own or operate restaurants in KSA, grant franchises for the restaurants in KSA, or grant Master Franchise Rights for the restaurants to other persons within the KSA. ACC will be solely responsible for the development, sales, marketing, operations, distribution and training of all franchise locations sold in the KSA.

ACC is required to pay MMDI $0.2 million pursuant to the Master Franchise Agreement upon the occurrence of various events. ACC is required to pay MMDI $20.0 thousand upon the execution of each franchise agreement for each individual restaurant and a monthly royalty fee of $1.0 thousand for each restaurant. Further, ACC is to adhere to the agreed upon development schedule as outlined in the master franchise agreement. An initial $20.0 thousand deposit was paid on the agreement. ACC has not performed against this agreement.

F-31

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Sales Taxes

The Company had accrued a sales tax liability for approximately $27.8 thousand and $44.6 thousand as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. All current state and local sales taxes from January 1, 2018, for open Company-owned locations have been fully paid and in a timely manner.

Litigations, Claims and Assessments

On April 24, 2022, the Company and a convertible note holder entered into an agreement in which the Company will repay a total of $0.1 million in connection with the default judgement issued on June 22, 2018, by the Iowa District Court for Polk County #CVCV056029, filed against the Company for failure to pay the remaining balance due on a promissory note in the amount of $0.1 million, together with interest, attorney fees and other costs of $0.2 million. The Company agreed to pay $40.0 thousand on or before May 1, 2020 and to make seven installment payments of $10.0 thousand per month starting on or before June 1, 2022. As of December 30, 2022, the Company has paid this note in full.

On January 23, 2020, the Company was served a judgment issued by the Judicial Council of California in the amount of $0.1 million for a breach of a lease agreement in Chicago, Illinois, in connection with a Company-owned store that was closed in 2018. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has accrued for the liability in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

In the normal course of business, the Company may be involved in legal proceedings, claims and assessments arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management after consulting legal counsel, such matters are currently not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

The Company records legal costs associated with loss contingencies as incurred and accrues for all probable and estimable settlements after consulting legal counsel.

Employment Agreements

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Michael Roper (the “Roper Agreement”), which replaced his prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Roper Agreement, Mr. Roper will continue to be employed as Chief Executive Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Roper Agreement, Mr. Roper is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.4 million. Mr. Roper will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus to be determined by the Board annually. Mr. Roper received an additional bonus of $0.1 million on March 2, 2023 and an additional $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Mr. Roper is terminated for any reason, he will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Mr. Roper is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Mr. Roper will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to 18 months following the second anniversary of the Roper Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Roper Agreement will automatically terminate and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

On March 21, 2023, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Jennifer Black (the “Black Agreement”), which replaced her prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Black Agreement, Ms. Black will continue to be employed as Chief Financial Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Black Agreement, Ms. Black is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.3 million. Ms. Black will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus up to 50% of her annual salary. Ms. Black received an additional bonus of $0.1 million on March 2, 2023 and an additional $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Ms. Black is terminated for any reason, she will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Ms. Black is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Ms. Black will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to six months following the second anniversary of the Black Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved

F-32

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

by the shareholders, the Black Agreement will automatically terminate and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Kenn Miller (the “Miller Agreement”), which replaced his prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Miller Agreement, Mr. Miller will continue to be employed as Chief Operating Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Miller Agreement, Mr. Miller is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.3 million. Mr. Miller will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus up to 75% of his annual salary. Further, Mr. Miller will be entitled to an additional bonus of $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Mr. Miller is terminated for any reason, he will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Mr. Miller is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Mr. Miller will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to 12 months following the second anniversary of the Miller Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Miller Agreement will automatically terminate and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Kevin Mohan (the “Mohan Agreement”), which replaced his prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Mohan Agreement, Mr. Mohan will continue to be employed as Chief Investment Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Employment Agreement, Mr. Mohan is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.2 million. Mr. Mohan will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus up to 75% of his annual salary. Mr. Mohan received an additional bonus of $0.1 million on March 2, 2023 and an additional $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Mr. Mohan is terminated for any reason, he will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Mr. Mohan is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Mr. Mohan will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to six months following the second anniversary of the Mohan Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Mohan Agreement will automatically terminate and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Aimee Infante (the “Infante Agreement”), which replaced her prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Infante Agreement, Ms. Infante will continue to be employed as Chief Marketing Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Infante Agreement, Ms. Infante is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.2 million. Ms. Infante will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus up to 25% of her annual salary. Further, Ms. Infante will be entitled to an additional bonus of $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Ms. Infante is terminated for any reason, she will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Ms. Infante is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Ms. Infante will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to six months following the second anniversary of the Infante Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Infante Agreement will automatically terminate, and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

NASDAQ Notice

On November 7, 2023, the Company received notice from The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) that the closing bid price for the Company’s common stock had been below $1.00 per share for the previous 30 consecutive business days, and that the Company is therefore not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on The Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Rule”).

Nasdaq’s notice has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market.

F-33

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The notice indicates that the Company will have 180 calendar days, until May 6, 2024, to regain compliance with this requirement. The Company can regain compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid listing requirement if the closing bid price of its common stock is at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten (10) consecutive business days during the 180-day compliance period. If the Company does not regain compliance during the initial compliance period, it may be eligible for additional time of 180 calendar days to regain compliance. To qualify, the Company will be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of our publicly held shares and all other Nasdaq initial listing standards, except the bid price requirement, and will need to provide written notice to Nasdaq of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period. If the Company is not eligible or it appears to Nasdaq that the Company will not be able to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, Nasdaq will provide written notice to the Company that the Company’s common stock will be subject to delisting. In the event of such notification, the Company may appeal Nasdaq’s determination to delist its securities, but there can be no assurance that Nasdaq would grant the Company’s request for continued listing.

The Company intends to actively monitor the minimum bid price of its common stock and may, as appropriate, consider available options to regain compliance with the Rule. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain compliance with the Rule or will otherwise be in compliance with other Nasdaq listing criteria.

F-34

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

16.    Reportable Operating Segments

See Note 1 – Business organization and nature of operations for descriptions of our operating segments.

The following table sets forth the results of operations for the relevant segments for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Sadot food service	Sadot agri-foods	Corporate adj.	Total segments
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Commodity sales	—	717,506	—	717,506
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts	8,053	—	—	8,053
Franchise royalties and fees	1,041	—	—	1,041
Franchise advertising fund contributions	73	—	—	73
Other revenues	13	—	—	13
Cost of goods sold	(8,883)	(707,872)	—	(716,755)
Gross profit	297	9,634	—	9,931
Impairment of intangible asset	(811)	—	—	(811)
Impairment of goodwill	(828)	—	—	(828)
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(665)	(151)	(992)	(1,808)
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(73)	—	—	(73)
Pre-opening expenses	(36)	(335)	—	(371)
Post-closing expenses	(211)	—	(1)	(212)
Stock-based expenses	—	—	(6,192)	(6,192)
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(437)	(1,551)	(7,416)	(9,404)
(Loss) / income from operations	(2,764)	7,597	(14,601)	(9,768)
Other income	1	—	307	308
Interest expense, net	(1)	(52)	(416)	(469)
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	—	—	1,339	1,339
Warrant modification expense	—	—	(958)	(958)
Loss on fair value remeasurement	—	1,491	—	1,491
Gain on debt extinguishment	—	—	—	—
(Loss) / income before income tax	(2,764)	9,036	(14,329)	(8,057)
Income tax benefit / (expense)	(1)	—	16	15
Net (loss) / income	(2,765)	9,036	(14,313)	(8,042)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	—	218	—	218
Net (loss) / income attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(2,765)	9,254	(14,313)	(7,824)
Total assets	10,416	162,175	5,500	178,091

F-35

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Sadot food service	Sadot agri-foods	Corporate adj.	Total segments
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Commodity sales	—	150,586	—	150,586
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts	10,300	—	—	10,300
Franchise royalties and fees	727	—	—	727
Franchise advertising fund contributions	81	—	—	81
Other revenues	5	—	—	5
Cost of goods sold	(11,270)	(146,037)	—	(157,307)
Gross profit	(157)	4,549	—	4,392
Impairment of intangible asset	(347)	—	—	(347)
Impairment of goodwill	—	—	—	—
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(2,015)	—	—	(2,015)
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(81)	—	—	(81)
Pre-opening expenses	(117)	—	—	(117)
Post-closing expenses	(197)	—	—	(197)
Stock-based expenses	—	—	(3,716)	(3,716)
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(601)	(97)	(5,337)	(6,035)
(Loss) / income from operations	(3,515)	4,452	(9,053)	(8,116)
Other income	80	—	(34)	46
Interest expense, net	21	—	(28)	(7)
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	—	—	—	—
Gain on debt extinguishment	140	—	—	140
(Loss) / income before income tax	(3,274)	4,452	(9,115)	(7,937)
Income tax benefit / (expense)	—	—	(25)	(25)
Net (loss) / income	(3,274)	4,452	(9,140)	(7,962)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	—	—	—	—
Net (loss) / income attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(3,274)	4,452	(9,140)	(7,962)
Total assets	16,340	7,915	2,975	27,230

With the creation of our Sadot LLC subsidiary in late 2022, we began to transform from a U.S.-centric restaurant business into a global, food-focused organization with two distinct segments. As a result, we have reevaluated and changed our operating segments late in 2023 to align with our two distinct segments. Previously we split out Muscle Maker Grill, Pokemoto, and SuperFit Foods as their own restaurant operating segments. With the transformation of our business into a global, food-focused organization, we operate the business in two distinct business segments Sadot Agri-Foods and Sadot Food Service.

The operating segments have changed since the third quarter of 2023 due to a change in management's view of the business.

The Company will continue to evaluate its operating segments and update as necessary.

F-36

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

17.    Fair Value Measurement

The following tables presents information about the Company's assets and liabilities that are measure at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value.

	December 31, 2023
	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Financial assets/liabilities:	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Contract liability	—	92,094	—	92,094
Forward sales derivatives	—	1,491	—	1,491
	—	93,585	—	93,585

	December 31, 2022
	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Financial liabilities:	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Accrued compensation liability	3,602	—	—	3,602
	3,602	—	—	3,602

There were no transfers between fair value levels during the year ended December 31, 2023.

See Note 19 – Equity for details related to accrued compensation liability being fair valued using Level 1 inputs.

See Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies and Note 18 – Financial instruments for details related to the Derivative liability being fair valued using Level 2 inputs.

Forward Sales Derivative and Derivative Liability

The Forward sales derivative asset and Derivative liability relate to the forward sale contracts. The fair value of the Forward sales derivative asset and Derivative liability is based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active market or inputs that are observable which represent Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy and is based on observable prices for similar assets sourced by an independent marketplace. The Forward sales derivative refers to the forward sales contracts executed in September, November and December 2023. Refer to Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies, for a more detailed discussion of the transactions. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the fair value increased by $2.9 million. Please refer to Please refer to Note 2 – Significant accounting policies for additional information on ASC 815 leveling.

18.    Financial Instruments

Concentration of Credit Risk

Commodity Price Risk

The Company uses a combination of purchase orders and various long and short-term supply arrangements in connection with the purchase of corn, soybean and soybean products including certain commodities and agricultural products. We also enter into commodity futures, options and swap contracts to reduce the volatility of price fluctuations of wheat, soybean and corn. Commodity futures, options and swap contracts are either designated as cash-flow hedging instruments or are undesignated.

Changes in the fair value on the portion of the derivative included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness of cash-flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), until earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows. The change in fair value on undesignated instruments is recorded in Other income / (expense). There were no current contracts designated as a hedge at December 31, 2023. We net settle amounts due, if any, under the contract with our counterparty.

F-37

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Additionally, the Company is exposed to market risks primarily related to the volatility in the price of carbon credits. To manage these risks, the Company enters into forward sales contracts to sell carbon offset units from time to time. The Company evaluates its contracts to determine if such contracts qualify as derivatives under ASC 815. As the Company’s existing carbon offset contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, any changes in fair value are recorded as Gain (loss) on fair value remeasurement within Other income / (expense).

The Forward sales derivative asset and Derivative liability relate to the forward sale contracts. The fair value of the Forward sales derivative asset and Derivative liability is based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active market or inputs that are observable which represent Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy and is based on observable prices for similar assets sourced by an independent marketplace. The Forward sales derivative refers to the forward sales contracts executed in September, November and December 2023. Refer to Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies, for a more detailed discussion of the transactions. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the fair value increased by $2.9 million.

See Note 2 – Significant accounting policies, Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies and Note 17 – Fair value measurement for further details regarding the Derivative liability.

19.    Equity

Stock Option and Stock Issuance Plan

2021 Plan

The Company’s board of directors and shareholders approved and adopted on October 7, 2021 the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”), effective on September 16, 2020 under which stock options and restricted stock may be granted to officers, directors, employees and consultants in the form of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock-options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock bonus awards, performance compensation awards (including cash bonus awards) or any combination of the foregoing. Under the 2021 Plan, the Company reserved 1.5 million shares of common stock for issuance. As of December 31, 2023, 0.7 million shares have been issued and 0.8 million options to purchase shares have been awarded under the 2021 Plan.

2023 Plan

The Company’s board of directors and shareholders approved and adopted on February 28, 2023 the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (“2023 Plan”) under which stock options and restricted stock may be granted to officers, directors, employees and consultants in the form of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock-options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock Units, stock bonus awards, performance compensation awards (including cash bonus awards) or any combination of the foregoing. Under the 2023 Plan, the Company reserved 2.5 million shares of common stock for issuance. As of December 31, 2023, 2.4 million shares have been issued and 0.1 million option to purchase shares have been awarded under the 2023 Plan.

2024 Plan

The Company’s board of directors and shareholders approved and adopted on December 20, 2023 the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (“2024 Plan”) under which stock options and restricted stock may be granted to officers, directors, employees and consultants in the form of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock-options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock Units, stock bonus awards, performance compensation awards (including cash

F-38

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

bonus awards) or any combination of the foregoing. Under the 2024 Plan, the Company reserved 7.5 million shares of common stock for issuance. As of December 31, 2023, no shares have been issued under the 2024 Plan.

Common Stock Issuances

On January 3, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 1.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of the pre-funded warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the pre-funded warrants a total of 1.2 million warrants were exercised.

On January 6, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 39.6 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the fourth quarter of 2022. The Company accrued for the liability as of December 31, 2021.

On January 18, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 30.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company to a consultant that assisted with the acquisition of SuperFit Foods and Pokemoto, with an aggregate fair value amount of $15.6 thousand. The Company accrued for the liability as of December 31, 2021.

On February 24, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 1.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of the pre-funded warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the pre-funded warrants a total of 1.2 million warrants were exercised.

On March 31, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the first quarter of 2022.

On April 4, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of 20.0 thousand shares of common stock to a member of the executive team per the employment agreement.

On June 8, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of 5.0 thousand shares of common stock to a contractor for work done at a Company owned location.

On June 30, 2022, the Company recognized 30.9 thousand shares of common stock for book purpose to reconcile the shares outstanding to the transfer agent report.

On July 14, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the second quarter of 2022.

On October 12, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the third quarter of 2022.

On November 29, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.4 million shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of pre-funded warrants.

On January 5, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 31.3 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the fourth quarter of 2022.

On March 27, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 2.8 million shares of common stock to a Aggia for services rendered.

On April 5, 2023 the Company authorized the issuance of 29.7 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the first quarter of 2023.

On May 10, 2023 the Company authorized the issuance of 0.1 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

F-39

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

On May 25, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 2.7 million shares of common stock to Aggia for services rendered.

On June 30, 2023, the Company vested 0.9 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

On July 11, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 32.9 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the second quarter of 2023.

On July 14, 2023, the Company issued 8.9 million Restricted Share Awards to Aggia, with an effective issuance date of April 1, 2023.

On July 27, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 2.2 million shares of common stock to Altium in exchange for the exercise of warrants.

On August 15, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.1 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

On September 25, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.2 million shares of common stock in fees to a consultant for services rendered related to the SEPA.

On September 30, 2023, the Company vested 0.5 million shares of common stock to to a consultant for services rendered.

On October 2, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the third quarter of 2023.

On October 20, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.1 million shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered.

On November 6, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.1 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On November 14, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On November 29, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On December 13, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.3 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On December 19, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.3 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On December 31, 2023, the Company vested 0.2 million shares of common stock to Aggia as consulting fees earned during the fourth quarter of 2023.

Change in fair value of stock-based compensation on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss is made up of the difference between the agreed upon issuance price, per the servicing agreement with Aggia and the market price on the day of issuance. For the year ended December 31, 2023, Change in fair value of stock-based compensation was $1.3 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022, Change in fair value of stock-based compensation was nil.

F-40

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Restricted Share Awards

Per Addendum 2, on July 14, 2023, the Company issued Restricted Share Awards ("RSA's") to Aggia. These RSA are considered issued as of the effective date on April 1, 2023. Pursuant to the Services Agreement these RSA's vest on a progressive schedule, at a rate equal to the Net Income of Sadot Agri-Foods, calculated quarterly divided by $3.125, which for accounting purposes shall equal 40% of the net income of Sadot Agri-Foods, calculated quarterly divided by $1.25. Shares shall be considered issued and outstanding as of the Addendum Date and Aggia shall hold rights associated with such Shares; provided, however, Shares not earned or purchased may not be transferred, offered, pledged, sold, subject to a contract to sell, granted any options for the sale of or otherwise disposed of, directly or indirectly. The total RSA's vested for Aggia in 2023 were 2.1 million.

On December 19, 2023, the Company issued 2.0 million RSA's to certain members of the board of directors, consultants and employees. Total RSA vested as a result of the departure of certain members of the board of directors were 0.2 million for 2023. The remaining RSA vest ratably over 12 quarters with the first vesting starting on March 31, 2024.

At December 31, 2023, there were 9.1 million restricted share awards outstanding.

A summary of the activity related to the restricted share awards is presented below:

	Total	Weighted-average grant date fair value
		$
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	—	—
Granted	20,000	0.54
Forfeited	—	—
Vested	(20,000)	0.54
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	—	—
Granted	10,878,052	1.25
Forfeited	—	—
Vested	(1,779,285)	1.25
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	9,098,767	—

See Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies for further details on Restricted Share Awards.

Warrant and Option Valuation

The Company has computed the fair value of warrants and options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The expected term used for warrants and options issued to non-employees is the contractual life. The Company is utilizing an expected volatility figure based on a review of the historical volatilities, over a period of time, equivalent to the expected term of the instrument being valued, of similarly positioned public companies within its industry. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining term consistent with the expected term of the instrument being valued.

Options

On May 2, 2022, the Company, pursuant to the employment agreements, issued options to purchase an aggregate of 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The options had an exercise price of $0.41 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on June 30, 2022.

F-41

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

On October 10, 2022, the Company issued options to purchase 25.0 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock. The options had an exercise price of $0.41 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on December 31, 2023.

On August 29, 2022, there were 25.0 thousand shares forfeited upon the departure of an officer.

On February 27, 2023, the Company issued options to purchase an aggregate of 0.5 million shares of the Company's common stock to officers and directors. The options had an exercise price of $1.51 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring March 31, 2023.

On March 15, 2023, the Company issued options to purchase 0.1 million shares of the Company's common stock. The options had an exercise price of $1.51 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring March 31, 2023.

On November 27, 2023, there were 0.1 million shares forfeited upon the expiration of the options.

On December 21, 2023, there were 0.1 million shares forfeited upon the departure of board members.

A summary of option activity is presented below:

	Weighted-average exercise price	Number of options	Weighted-average remaining life (in years)	Aggregate intrinsic value
	$			$’000
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	5.00	100,000	1.91	—
Issued	0.41	337,500	4.40	12
Exercised	—	—	N/A	—
Forfeited	—	(25,000)	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	1.52	412,500	3.53	—
Expected to vest, December 31, 2022	0.41	296,875	5.21	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2022	3.59	144,375	1.98	—
Issued	1.51	600,000	5.42	156
Exercised	—	—	N/A	—
Forfeited	3.40	(185,000)	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2023	1.09	827,500	4.26	—
Expected to vest, December 31, 2023	1.14	605,609	4.23	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2023	0.98	221,891	4.34	—

The Company has estimated the fair value of the options using the Black-Scholes model using the following assumptions:

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Risk free interest rate	3.54-4.93%
Expected term (years)	5
Expected volatility	53.99-69.02%
Expected dividends	—

F-42

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Warrants

On January 3, 2022, the Company issued 1.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of the pre-funded warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the pre-funded warrants a total of 1.2 million warrants were exercised.

On February 24, 2022, the Company issued 1.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of the pre-funded warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the pre-funded warrants a total of 1.2 million warrants were exercised.

On November 29, 2022, the Company issued 0.4 million shares of common stock in connection with the exercising of pre-funded warrants for $44.

Warrant Exercise Agreement

On July 27, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into a Warrant Exercise Agreement (the “Exercise Agreement”) with Altium Growth Fund Ltd. (the “Exercising Holder”), the holder of outstanding warrants to purchase 2.2 million shares of common stock of the Company issued in November 2021 (collectively, the “Original Warrants”), whereby the Exercising Holder exercised the Original Warrants in consideration of 2.2 million shares of common stock (the “Shares”). The Company received aggregate gross proceeds before expenses of approximately $2.2 million. In order to induce the Exercising Holder to exercise the Original Warrants, the Company reduced the exercise price on the Original Warrants from $1.385 to $1.00 per share.

In connection with the exercise of the Original Warrants, we issued an additional warrant to Altium that is exercisable to acquire 2.2 million shares of common stock (the “Additional Warrant”) exercisable at a per share price of $2.40.

Additional Warrants Issued

In connection with the exercise of the Original Warrants, the Company issued an additional warrant to the Exercising Holder that is exercisable for the number of shares of common stock equal to one hundred percent of the Shares purchased by the Exercising Holder (the “Additional Warrant”). The Additional Warrant is substantially identical to the Original Warrants, except that the exercise price of the Additional Warrant is $2.40. The Company is obligated to file a registration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the warrants within 30 days and to have the registration statement declared effective within 90 days after filing with the Commission.

A summary of warrants activity is presented below:

	Weighted-average exercise price	Number of Warrants	Weighted-average remaining life (in years)	Aggregate intrinsic value
	$			$’000
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	1.66	20,284,016	4.0	—
Issued	2.01	597,819	N/A	—
Exercised	0.01	(2,848,195)	N/A	—
Forfeited	—	—	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	1.93	18,033,640	3.5	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2022	1.93	18,033,640	3.5	—
Issued	2.40	2,153,309	2.9	—
Exercised	1.00	(2,153,309)	2.9	215
Forfeited	4.36	(653,750)	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2023	1.97	17,379,890	2.6	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2023	1.97	17,379,890	2.6	—

F-43

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation related to restricted stock issued to employees, directors and consultants, warrants and warrants to consultants amounted to $6.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, of which $5.4 million and $3.6 million were stock-based consulting expenses paid to related party, $0.5 million and $36.0 thousand were given to consultants for services rendered, $0.3 million and $0.1 million were given to the board of directors and $0.1 million and $21.4 thousand were executive compensation.

20.    Related Party Transactions

The Company held a Special Shareholder Meeting on February 28, 2023. Of the 29.3 million shares of Common Stock outstanding on January 19, 2023, the record date, 17.2 million shares were represented at the Special Shareholder Meeting, in person or by proxy, constituting a quorum. At the meeting, the shareholders approved (i) the Services Agreement whereby Sadot LLC engaged Aggia, to provide certain advisory services to Sadot Agri-Foods for managing Sadot Agri-Foods’ business of wholesaling food and engaging in the purchase and sale of physical food commodities (the “Sadot Agri-Foods Transaction”); (ii) an amendment of the Company’s articles of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 50.0 million to 150.0 million and an additional increase from 150.0 million to 200.0 million; (iii) for purposes of complying with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(b), the issuance of the Shares pursuant to the Services Agreement entered between the Company, Sadot LLC and Aggia representing more than 20% of our common stock outstanding, which would result in a “change of control” of the Company under applicable Nasdaq listing rules; (iv) for purposes of complying with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c), the issuance of up to 14.4 million Shares of Common Stock to Aggia pursuant to the Services Agreement and net income generated thresholds; (v) the right of Aggia to nominate up to eight directors to the Board of Directors subject to achieving net income thresholds as set forth in the Services Agreement; and (vi) the adoption of the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan.

In April of 2023, the Company recognized a related party relationship between newly appointed directors of the Company and Aggia. As of December 31, 2023, Aggia owned 25.2% of the Company's commons stock.

During the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded Stock-based consulting expense of $5.4 million and $3.6 million, respectively to its related party, Aggia for consulting services rendered.

Additionally, for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company reimbursed Aggia for all operating costs related to Sadot Agri-Foods of $3.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

The Company will continue to monitor and evaluate its related party transactions to ensure that they are conducted in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders.

21.    Subsequent Events

Common Stock

On January 4, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the fourth quarter of 2023. The Company accrued for the liability as of December 31, 2023.

Convertible Notes

On January 8, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

On January 11, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

On January 22, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

F-44

Sadot Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

On January 29, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

On February 16, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company's common stock.

On March 15, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.2 million into 0.6 million shares of the Company's common stock.

Brokerage agreement

On February 23, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with a brokerage firm to have the exclusive rights to offer and sell the Sadot food services segment of the Company.

F-45

EX-4.9

Exhibit 4.9

DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES

REGISTERED PURUSANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

As of December 31, 2023, Sadot Group, Inc. (“we,” “our,” “us” or the “Company”) had one class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”): its common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”).

General

Our authorized capital stock consists of 200,000,000 Shares of common stock, par value of $0.0001, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001. The following descriptions of our capital stock and certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws are summaries and are qualified by reference to the fourth amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws.

Common Stock

Voting Rights

Each outstanding share of common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Holders of shares of our common stock shall have no cumulative voting rights. Except in respect of matters relating to the election and removal of directors on our board of directors and as otherwise provided in our articles of incorporation or required by law, all matters to be voted on by our stockholders must be approved by a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter. In the case of election of directors, all matters to be voted on by our stockholders must be approved by a plurality of the voting power of the shares present in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon.

Liquidation

In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our Company, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities.

Rights and Preferences

Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, conversion, subscription or other rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock.

Preferred Stock

We are authorized to issue up to 10 million shares of preferred stock. As of March 20, 2024, no shares of preferred stock were issued, outstanding or designated.

Subject to limitations prescribed by law, our board of directors is authorized at any time to:

• issue one or more series of preferred stock;

• determine the designations for any series of preferred stock; and

• determine the number of shares in any series

Our board of directors is also authorized to determine, for each series of preferred stock:

• whether dividends on that series of preferred stock will be cumulative and, if so, from which date;

• the dividend rate;

• the dividend payment date or dates;

• any conversion provisions applicable to that series of preferred stock;

• the liquidation preference per share of that series of preferred stock, if any;

• any redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to that series of preferred stock;

• the voting rights of that series of preferred stock, if any; and

• the terms of any other preferences or special rights applicable to that series of preferred stock.

New issuances of shares of preferred stock with voting rights can affect the voting rights of the holders of outstanding shares of preferred stock and common stock by increasing the number of outstanding shares having voting rights and by the creation of class or series voting rights. Furthermore, additional issuances of shares of preferred stock with conversion rights can have the effect of increasing the number of shares of common stock outstanding up to the amount of common stock authorized by the certificate of incorporation and can also, in some circumstances, have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company or otherwise adversely affect the rights of holders of outstanding shares of preferred stock and common stock. To the extent permitted by the certificate of incorporation, a series of preferred stock may have preferences over the common stock (and other series of preferred stock) with respect to dividends and liquidation rights.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws contain certain provisions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another party from acquiring control of us. These provisions, which are summarized below, could discourage takeovers, coercive or otherwise. These provisions are also designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to negotiate first with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to acquire us.

Authorized but Unissued Capital Stock

We have authorized but unissued shares of common stock. These shares could be used by our board of directors to make it more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us through a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise.

Limits on Stockholder Action to Call a Special Meeting

Our bylaws will provide that special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the whole board, chairperson of the board, the chief executive officer or our board of directors. A stockholder may not call a special meeting, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or for holders controlling a majority of our capital stock to take any action, including the removal of directors.

Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals

Our bylaws will establish advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of our board of directors or a committee of the board of directors. These may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed and may also discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect our own slate of directors or otherwise attempt to obtain control of our Company.

Limitation on Liability and Indemnification Matters

Our articles of incorporation contains provisions that limit the liability of our directors for monetary damages to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law. Consequently, our directors will not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for:

    ●    any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;

    ●    any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; and

    ●    any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws provide that we are required to indemnify our directors and officers, in each case to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law. Our amended and restated bylaws also will provide that we are obligated to advance expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of any action or proceeding, and permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent for any liability arising out of his or her actions in that capacity regardless of whether we would otherwise be permitted to indemnify him or her under the provisions of Nevada law. We have entered and expect to continue to enter into agreements to indemnify our directors, executive officers and other employees as determined by our board of directors. With specified exceptions, these agreements provide for indemnification for related expenses including, among other things, attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any of these individuals in any action or proceeding. We believe that these bylaw provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers. We also maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance.

The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors and officers for breach of their fiduciary duty. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against our directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and other stockholders. Further, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent that we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers as required by these indemnification provisions. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act, may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable. At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors, officers or employees for which indemnification is sought, and we are not aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

Computershare, Inc. is our transfer agent and registrar. Its address is 462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600, Louisville, KY 40202, and its telephone number is 1-877-373-6374.

NASDAQ Capital Market Listing

Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “SDOT.”

EX-21.1

Exhibit 21.1

LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES

Sadot Group, Inc. serves as a holding company of the following subsidiaries:

•Muscle Maker Development, LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on July 18, 2019,

•Muscle Maker Corp. LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on July 18, 2019,

•Muscle Maker USA, Inc., a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Texas on March 14, 2019,

•Muscle Maker Development International. LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on November 13, 2020,

•SuperFit Foods, LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on February 23, 2021,

•Pokemoto LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on August 19, 2021, which holds the below subsidiaries.

•GLL Enterprises LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Connecticut.

•Pokemoto Orange Park LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on March 31, 2022.

•Pokemoto Kansas LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Nevada on July 28, 2022.

•Poke Co Holdings LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Connecticut on July 18, 2018.

•Sadot LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Delaware on October 19, 2022.

•Sadot Latam LLC, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Delaware on June 22, 2023,

•Sadot Enterprises, Ltd. 70% owned subsidiary was formed in Zambia on May 26, 2023,

•Sadot Brasil Ltda, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Brazil on December 11, 2023,

•Sadot LLC of Mauritius, a directly wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed in Mauritius on July 25, 2023.

EX-23.1

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-255700 and 333-261497) of Sadot Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries of our report dated March 20, 2024, relating to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, which appear in this Form 10-K.

/s/ Kreit & Chiu CPA LLP

New York, NY

March 20, 2024

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Michael J. Roper, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Sadot Group, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods present in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13-a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financing reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involved management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:	/s/ Michael J. Roper
	Michael J. Roper
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
	March 20, 2024

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Jennifer Black, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Sadot Group, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods present in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13-a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financing reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involved management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:	/s/ Jennifer Black
	Jennifer Black
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)
	March 20, 2024

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with this Annual Report of Sadot Group, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael J. Roper, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certifies to the best of his knowledge, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Sec. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ Michael J. Roper
	Michael J. Roper
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
	March 20, 2024

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF

DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES

REGISTERED PURUSANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with this Annual Report of Sadot Group, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Jennifer Black, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certifies to the best of her knowledge, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Sec. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ Jennifer Black
	Jennifer Black
	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
	March 20, 2024

EX-97.1

Exhibit 97.1

SADOT GROUP INC.

POLICY FOR THE

RECOVERY OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION

A.OVERVIEW

In accordance with the applicable rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market (the “Nasdaq Rules”), Section 10D and Rule 10D-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) (“Rule 10D-1”), the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Sadot Group Inc. (the “Company”) has adopted this Policy (the “Policy”) to provide for the recovery of erroneously awarded Incentive-based Compensation from Covered Persons. All capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in Section H, below.

B.RECOVERY OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION

1.In the event of an Accounting Restatement, the Company will reasonably promptly recover the Erroneously Awarded Compensation Received in accordance with Nasdaq Rules and Rule 10D-1 as follows:

i.After an Accounting Restatement, the Compensation Committee (if composed entirely of independent directors, or in the absence of such a committee, a majority of independent directors serving on the Board) (the “Committee”) shall determine the amount of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation Received by each Covered Person and shall promptly notify each Covered Person with a written notice containing the amount of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation and a demand for repayment or return of such compensation, as applicable.

ii.For Incentive-based Compensation based on (or derived from) the Company’s stock price or total shareholder return, where the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in the applicable Accounting Restatement:

a.The amount to be repaid or returned shall be determined by the Committee based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the Accounting Restatement on the Company’s stock price or total shareholder return upon which the Incentive-based Compensation was Received; and

b.The Company shall maintain documentation of the determination of such reasonable estimate and provide the relevant documentation as required to the Nasdaq.

iii.The Committee shall have discretion to determine the appropriate means of recovering Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on the particular facts and circumstances. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as set forth in Section B(2) below, in no event may the Company accept an amount that is less than the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation in satisfaction of a Covered Person’s obligations hereunder. The method for recovering Erroneously Awarded Compensation hereunder may include, without limitation, any one or more of the following:

a.requiring reimbursement of cash Incentive-Based Compensation previously paid;

b.seeking recovery of any gain realized on the vesting, exercise, settlement, sale, transfer, or other disposition of any equity-based awards;

c.cancelling or rescinding some or all outstanding vested or unvested equity- based awards;

d.adjusting or withholding from unpaid compensation or other set-off;

e.cancelling or offsetting against planned future grants of equity-based awards; and/or

f.any other method permitted by applicable law or contract.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Covered Person will be deemed to have satisfied such person’s obligation to return Erroneously Awarded Compensation to the Company if such Erroneously Awarded Compensation is returned in the exact same form in which it was

received; provided that equity withheld to satisfy tax obligations will be deemed to have been received in cash in an amount equal to the tax withholding payment made.

iv.To the extent that the Covered Person has already reimbursed the Company for any Erroneously Awarded Compensation Received under any duplicative recovery obligations established by the Company or applicable law, it shall be appropriate for any such reimbursed amount to be credited to the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation that is subject to recovery under this Policy.

v.To the extent that a Covered Person fails to repay all Erroneously Awarded Compensation to the Company when due, the Company shall take all actions reasonable and appropriate to recover such Erroneously Awarded Compensation from the applicable Covered Person. The applicable Covered Person shall be required to reimburse the Company for any and all expenses reasonably incurred (including legal fees) by the Company in recovering such Erroneously Awarded Compensation in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence.

2.Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall not be required to take the actions contemplated by Section B(1) above if the Committee (which, as specified above, is composed entirely of independent directors or in the absence of such a committee, a majority of the independent directors serving on the Board) determines that recovery would be impracticable and any of the following two conditions are met:

i.The Committee has determined that the direct expenses paid to a third party to assist in enforcing the Policy would exceed the amount to be recovered. Before making this determination, the Company must make a reasonable attempt to recover the Erroneously Awarded Compensation, documented such attempt(s) and provided such documentation to Nasdaq; or

ii.Recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company, to fail to meet the requirements of Section 401(a)(13) or Section 411(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and regulations thereunder.

C.DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS

The Company shall file all disclosures with respect to this Policy required by applicable U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings and rules.

D.PROHIBITION OF INDEMNIFICATION

The Company shall not be permitted to insure or indemnify any Covered Person against (i) the loss of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation that is repaid, returned or recovered pursuant to the terms of this Policy, or (ii) any claims relating to the Company’s enforcement of its rights under this Policy. Further, the Company shall not enter into any agreement that exempts any Incentive-based Compensation that is granted, paid or awarded to a Covered Person from the application of this Policy or that waives the Company’s right to recovery of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation, and this Policy shall supersede any such agreement (whether entered into before, on or after the Effective Date of this Policy).

E.ADMINISTRATION AND INTERPRETATION

This Policy shall be administered by the Committee, and any determinations made by the Committee shall be final and binding on all affected individuals.

The Committee is authorized to interpret and construe this Policy and to make all determinations necessary, appropriate, or advisable for the administration of this Policy and for the Company’s compliance with Nasdaq Rules, Section 10D, Rule 10D-1 and any other applicable law, regulation, rule or interpretation of the SEC or Nasdaq promulgated or issued in connection therewith.

F.AMENDMENT; TERMINATION

The Committee may amend this Policy from time to time in its discretion and shall amend this Policy as it deems necessary. Notwithstanding anything in this Section F to the contrary, no amendment or termination of this Policy shall be effective if such amendment or termination would (after taking into account any actions taken by the Company contemporaneously with such amendment or termination) cause the Company to violate any federal securities laws, SEC rule or Nasdaq rule.

G.OTHER RECOVERY RIGHTS

This Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all Covered Persons and, to the extent required by applicable law or guidance from the SEC or Nasdaq, their beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives. The Committee intends that this Policy will be applied to the fullest extent required by applicable law. Any employment agreement, equity award agreement, compensatory plan or any other agreement or arrangement with a Covered Person shall be deemed to include, as a condition to the grant of any benefit thereunder, an agreement by the Covered Person to abide by the terms of this Policy. Any right of recovery under this Policy is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other remedies or rights of recovery that may be available to the Company under applicable law, regulation or rule or pursuant to the terms of any policy of the Company or any provision in any employment agreement, equity award agreement, compensatory plan, agreement or other arrangement.

H.DEFINITIONS

For purposes of this Policy, the following capitalized terms shall have the meanings set forth below.

1.“Accounting Adjustment” means a material change to a Financial Reporting Measure which is not based on the accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s financial statements, such as Booked Annual Recurring Revenue, where such change results from a determination that such Financial Measure was incorrectly calculated when originally published, based on the facts that were known to management at the time of such original publication.

2.“Accounting Restatement” means (i) an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period and (ii) an Accounting Adjustment.

3.Clawback Eligible Incentive Compensation” means all Incentive-based Compensation Received by a Covered Person (i) on or after the effective date of the applicable Nasdaq rules, (ii) after beginning service as a Covered Person, (iii) who served as a Covered Person at any time during the applicable performance period relating to any Incentive-based Compensation (whether or not such Covered Person is serving at the time the Erroneously Awarded Compensation is required to be repaid to the Company), (iv) while the Company has a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange or a national securities association, and (v) during the applicable Clawback Period (as defined below).

4.“Clawback Period” means, with respect to any Accounting Restatement, the three completed fiscal years of the Company immediately preceding the Restatement Date (as defined below), and if the Company changes its fiscal year, any transition period of less than nine months within or immediately following those three completed fiscal years.

5.“Covered Person” means any Executive Officer and any employee of the Company or a subsidiary of the Company holding the title of Chief Officer, Senior Vice President or Executive Vice President, or any other person designated as a Covered Person by the Compensation Committee at the time of the award of Incentive-Based Compensation. A person’s status as a Covered Person with respect to Erroneously Awarded Compensation shall be determined as of the time of receipt of such Erroneously Awarded Compensation regardless of the person’s current role or status with the Company (e.g., if a person began service as an Executive Officer after the beginning of an Applicable Recovery Period, that person would not be considered a Covered

Person with respect to Erroneously Awarded Compensation received before the person began service as an Executive Officer, but would be considered a Covered Person with respect to Erroneously Awarded Compensation received after the person began service as an Executive Officer where such person served as an Executive Officer at any time during the performance period for such Erroneously Awarded Compensation).

6.“Erroneously Awarded Compensation” means, with respect to each Covered Person in connection with an Accounting Restatement, the amount of Clawback Eligible Incentive Compensation that exceeds the amount of Incentive-based Compensation that otherwise would have been received had it been determined based on the restated amounts, computed without regard to any taxes paid.

7.“Executive Officer” means each individual who is currently or was previously designated as an “officer” of the Company as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act. For the avoidance of doubt, the identification of an executive officer for purposes of this Policy shall include each executive officer who is or was identified pursuant to Item 401(b) of Regulation S-K or Item 6.A of Form 20-F, as applicable, as well as the principal financial officer and principal accounting officer (or, if there is no principal accounting officer, the controller).

8.“Financial Reporting Measures” means measures that are determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s financial statements, and all other measures that are derived wholly or in part from such measures. Stock price and total shareholder return (and any measures that are derived wholly or in part from stock price or total shareholder return) as well as Booked Annual Recurring Revenue and any other measure designated by the Compensation Committee as a Financial Reporting Measure, shall for purposes of this Policy, be considered Financial Reporting Measures. For the avoidance of doubt, a Financial Reporting Measure need not be presented in the Company’s financial statements or included in a filing with the SEC.

9.“Incentive-based Compensation” means any compensation that is granted, earned or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure.

10.“Nasdaq” means The Nasdaq Stock Market.

11.“Received” means, with respect to any Incentive-based Compensation, actual or deemed receipt, and Incentive-based Compensation shall be deemed received in the Company’s fiscal period during which the Financial Reporting Measure specified in the Incentive-based Compensation award is attained, even if the payment or grant of the Incentive-based Compensation to the Covered Person occurs after the end of that period.

12.“Restatement Date” means the earlier to occur of (i) the date the Board, a committee of the Board or the officers of the Company authorized to take such action if Board action is not required, concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement, or (ii) the date a court, regulator or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare an Accounting Restatement.

Effective as of February 1, 2024.

Exhibit A

SADOT GROUP INC.

ATTESTATION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF POLICY FOR THE RECOVERY OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION

By my signature below, I acknowledge and agree that:

•I have received and read the attached Policy for the Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation (this “Policy”).

•I hereby agree to abide by all of the terms of this Policy both during and after my employment with Sadot Group Inc. (the “Company”), including, without limitation, by promptly repaying or returning any Erroneously Awarded Compensation to the Company as determined in accordance with this Policy.

Signature:

Printed Name:

Date:

XML

Cover - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 20, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-39223
Entity Registrant Name	Sadot Group, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NV
Entity Tax Identification Number	47-2555533
Entity Address, Address Line One	1751 River Run
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 200
Entity Address, City or Town	Fort Worth
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	76107
City Area Code	(832)
Local Phone Number	604-9568
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.0001 par value
Trading Symbol	SDOT
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Document Financial Statement Error Correction	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 18,608,693
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		51,752,691
Documents Incorporated by Reference	None
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Entity Central Index Key	0001701756
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY

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Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Firm ID	6651
Auditor Name	Kreit & Chiu CPA LLP
Auditor Location	New York, NY

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Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash	$ 1,354	$ 9,898
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.2 million and $23.4 thousand as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively	52,920	135
Inventory	2,561	298
Other current assets	56,016	317
Total current assets	112,851	10,648
Right to use assets	1,284	2,433
Property and equipment, net	12,883	1,895
Goodwill	1,798	2,626
Intangible assets, net	2,833	4,611
Deposit on farmland	0	4,914
Other non-current assets	46,442	103
Total assets	178,091	27,230
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	50,167	1,953
Accrued stock-based compensation expense, related party	0	3,603
Notes payable, current, net of discount of $0.2 million and nil as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively	6,531	222
Operating lease liability, current	385	560
Deferred revenue, current	1,229	95
Other current liabilities	46,270	182
Total current liabilities	104,582	6,615
Accrued liabilities	46,048	0
Notes payable, non-current	622	759
Operating lease liability, non-current	1,027	2,019
Deferred revenue, non-current	1,555	1,276
Total liabilities	153,834	10,669
Equity:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 40,464,720 and 29,287,212 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively	4	3
Additional paid-in capital	107,988	95,913
Accumulated deficit	(87,179)	(79,355)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	8	0
Stockholders' equity attributable to parent	20,821	16,561
Non-controlling interest	3,436	0
Total equity	24,257	16,561
Total liabilities and equity	$ 178,091	$ 27,230

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023	Jan. 19, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 200,000			$ 23,400
Discount on notes payable	$ 200,000			$ 0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001			$ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	200,000,000	150,000,000		200,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	40,464,720			29,287,212
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	40,464,720		29,300,000	29,287,212

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Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Gross profit
Cost of goods sold	$ (716,755,000)	$ (157,307,000)
Gross profit	9,931,000	4,392,000
Impairment of intangible asset	(811,000)	(347,000)
Impairment of goodwill	(828,000)	0
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(1,808,000)	(2,015,000)
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(73,000)	(81,000)
Pre-opening expenses	(371,000)	(117,000)
Post-closing expenses	(212,000)	(197,000)
Stock-based expenses	(6,192,000)	(3,716,000)
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(9,404,000)	(6,035,000)
Loss from operations	(9,768,000)	(8,116,000)
Other income	308,000	46,000
Interest expense, net	(469,000)	(7,000)
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	1,339,000	0
Warrant modification expense	(958,000)	0
Gain on fair value remeasurement	1,491,000	0
Gain on debt extinguishment	0	140,000
(Loss) / income before income tax	(8,057,000)	(7,937,000)
Income tax benefit / (expense)	(15,000)	25,000
Net loss	(8,042,000)	(7,962,000)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	(218,000)	0
Net loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	$ (7,824,000)	$ (7,962,000)
Net Loss Per Share attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.22)	$ (0.28)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.22)	$ (0.28)
Weighted-Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	34,940,559	28,558,586
Diluted (in shares)	34,940,559	28,558,586
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	$ 2,000	$ 0
Unrealized gain, net of income tax	6,000	0
Total other comprehensive income	8,000	0
Total comprehensive loss	(8,034,000)	(7,962,000)
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest	218,000	0
Total Comprehensive loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(7,816,000)	(7,962,000)
Commodity sales
Gross profit
Revenues	717,506,000	150,586,000
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts
Gross profit
Revenues	8,053,000	10,300,000
Franchise royalties and fees
Gross profit
Revenues	1,041,000	727,000
Franchise advertising fund contributions
Gross profit
Revenues	73,000	81,000
Other revenues
Gross profit
Revenues	$ 13,000	$ 5,000

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Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Deficit Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Non-controlling Interest	AOCI Attributable to Parent
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			26,110,000
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 24,393	$ (23)	$ 3	$ 95,760	$ (71,370)	$ (23)	$ 0	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Cash less exercise of pre-funded warrants (in shares)			2,410,000
Common stock compensation to board of directors (in shares)			243,000
Common stock issued as compensation to board of directors	114			114
Common stock issued as compensation for services (in shares)			35,000
Common stock issued as compensation for services	18			18
Common stock issued as compensation for employment (in shares)			20,000
Common stock issued as compensation for employment	$ 11			11
Exercise of pre-funded warrants (in shares)	438,000
Reconciliation for shares outstanding per transfer agent (in shares)			31,000
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	$ 0
Unrealized gain, net of income tax	0
Stock-based compensation – options	10			10
Net loss	$ (7,962)				(7,962)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	29,287,212		29,287,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 16,561		$ 3	95,913	(79,355)		0	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Common stock compensation to board of directors (in shares)			334,000
Common stock issued as compensation to board of directors	229			229
Common stock issued as compensation for services (in shares)			7,675,000
Common stock issued as compensation for services	8,173		$ 1	8,172
Investment in non-controlling interest	3,654						3,654
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	2							2
Unrealized gain, net of income tax	6							6
Stock-based compensation – options	102			102
Cash exercise of warrants and warrant modification (in shares)			2,153,000
Cash exercise of warrants and warrant modification	3,111			3,111
Conversion of convertible loan (in sharers)			1,016,000
Conversion of convertible loan	461			461
Net loss	$ (8,042)				(7,824)		(218)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	40,464,720		40,465,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 24,257		$ 4	$ 107,988	$ (87,179)		$ 3,436	$ 8

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (8,042,000)	$ (7,962,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Impairment of intangible asset	811,000	347,000
Impairment of goodwill	828,000	0
Depreciation and amortization expenses	1,808,000	2,015,000
Stock-based expenses	6,192,000	3,755,000
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	(1,339,000)	0
Warrant modification expense	958,000	0
Gain on extinguishments of debt	0	(140,000)
Unrealized gain, net of income tax	6,000	0
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	2,000	0
Loss on disposal of assets	197,000	274,000
Bad debt expense	77,000	(48,000)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(52,863,000)	(4,000)
Inventory	(2,263,000)	(39,000)
Operating right to use assets and lease liabilities, net	(19,000)	124,000
Other current assets	(55,698,000)	1,472,000
Other non-current assets	(46,339,000)	65,000
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	48,723,000	(133,000)
Other current liabilities	46,089,000	(104,000)
Contract liability, non-current	46,048,000	0
Deferred rent	0	(128,000)
Deferred revenue	1,413,000	308,000
Total adjustments	(5,369,000)	7,764,000
Net cash used in operating activities	(13,411,000)	(198,000)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Deposit on farmland	0	(4,914,000)
Investment from non-controlling interest	3,654,000	0
Purchases of property and equipment	(7,533,000)	(597,000)
Disposal of property and equipment	421,000	0
Collections from notes receivable	0	70,000
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,458,000)	(5,441,000)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from notes payable	11,865,000	0
Repayments of notes payables	(5,693,000)	(230,000)
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	2,153,000	0
Net cash provided by / (used in) financing activities	8,325,000	(230,000)
Net Decrease in Cash	(8,544,000)	(5,869,000)
Cash – beginning of period	9,898,000	15,767,000
Cash – end of period	1,354,000	9,898,000
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest	600,000	96,000
Cash paid for taxes	19,000	26,000
Cash paid for interest and taxes	$ 619,000	$ 122,000

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Business Organization and Nature of Operations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business Organization and Nature of Operations

1.    Business Organization and Nature of Operations

Sadot Group, Inc., ("Sadot Group") or ("SGI") f/k/a Muscle Maker, Inc. (“MMI”), a Nevada corporation was incorporated in Nevada on October 25, 2019. In late 2022 SGI has transformed from a U.S.-centric restaurant business into a global, organization focused on the Agri-food commodity supply chain. Effective July 27, 2023, we changed our company name from Muscle Maker, Inc., to Sadot Group, Inc. Sadot Group is headquartered in Ft. Worth, Texas with subsidiary operations all throughout the United States, Brazil, Colombia, Dubai, India, Israel, Singapore, Ukraine and Zambia.

As of December 31, 2023, SGI consisted of two distinct segments:

1.Sadot LLC (“Sadot Agri-Foods”): Sadot Group’s largest operating unit is a global Agri-Foods company engaged in farming, commodity trading and shipping of food and feed (e.g., soybean meal, wheat and corn) via dry bulk cargo ships to/from markets such as Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, China, Columbia, Ecuador, Egypt, Guinea, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, United States and Vietnam, among others. Sadot Agri-Foods competes with the ABCD commodity companies (ADM, Bunge, Cargill, Louis-Dreyfus) as well as many regional organizations. Sadot Agri-Foods operates, through a joint venture, a roughly 5,000 acre crop producing farm in Zambia with a focus on major commodities such as wheat, soy and corn alongside high-value tree crops such as avocado and mango. Sadot Agri-Foods was formed as part of the Company’s diversification strategy to own and operate, through its subsidiaries, the business lines throughout the food value chain. Sadot Agri-Foods seeks to diversify over time into a sustainable and forward-looking global agri-foods company.

2.Sadot Restaurant Group, LLC ("Sadot Food Services"): has three unique “healthier for you” concepts, including two fast casual restaurant concepts, Pokémoto and Muscle Maker Grill, plus one subscription-based fresh prep meal concept, SuperFit Foods. The restaurants were founded on the belief of taking every-day menu options and converting them into “healthier for you” menu choices. Consumers are demanding healthier choices, customization, flavor and convenience. Each of our three concepts offers different menus that are tailored to specific consumer segments. We believe our concepts deliver highly differentiated customer experiences.

SGI and its subsidiaries are hereinafter referred to as the “Company”.

Recent Corporate Developments

Effective July 27, 2023, the Company changed its name from Muscle Maker, Inc. to Sadot Group Inc. The name change was made in accordance with Section 92A.180 of the Nevada Revised Statutes by merging a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company with and into the Company, with the Company being the surviving corporation in the merger. The Company effectuated the merger by filing Articles of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada. In connection with the merger, the Company amended Article I of its Articles of Incorporation to change the Company’s corporate name to Sadot Group Inc. With the exception of the name change, there were no other changes to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation.

Additionally, as of the opening of trading on July 27, 2023, the ticker symbol of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market was changed to “SDOT” and the CUSIP number of the Company’s common stock (627333107) remained unchanged. The Company’s name and ticker symbol change do not affect the rights of the Company’s security holders, creditors, customers or suppliers. Following the name change, any stock certificates that reflect the Company’s prior name, if any, continue to be valid.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our main financial objectives are to prudently manage financial risk, ensure access to liquidity and minimize cost of capital in order to efficiently finance our business and maintain balance sheet strength. We generally finance our ongoing operations with cash flows generated from operations, borrowings under various credit facilities and term loans. At December 31, 2023, working capital, which equals Total current assets less Total current liabilities, was $8.3 million an increase of $4.2 million, compared to working capital of $4.0 million at December 31, 2022. The increase in working capital was primarily due to an increase in Accounts receivable, which was primarily driven by increased food and feed

Commodity sales, the Prepaid forward on carbon offset, partially offset by an increase in Accounts payable and Notes payable, current. In addition, the Company has access to additional liquidity if it is needed through an executed Standby Equity Purchase Agreement ("SEPA") for up to $25 million in capital whereby the Company may submit advance requests to the lender and the lender will provide cash in consideration of shares of common stock subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the SEPA.

Working Capital

We measure our liquidity in a number of ways, including the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Cash	1,354	9,898
Accounts Receivable, net	52,920	135
Inventory	2,561	298
Other current assets(1)	56,016	317
Total current assets	112,851	10,648
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	50,167	1,953
Accrued stock-based compensation expense, related party	—	3,603
Notes payable, net	6,531	222
Other current liabilities(2)	47,884	837
Total current liabilities	104,582	6,615
Working capital(3)	8,269	4,033
Current ratio(4)	1.08	1.61

(1) Consists of Prepaid expenses and other current assets, Prepaid forward on carbon offsets, Forward sales derivatives and Notes receivable, current

(2) Consists of Operating lease liability, current, Deferred revenue, current and Other current liabilities

(3) Working Capital is defined as Total current assets less Total current liabilities

(4) Current ratio is defined as Total current assets divided by Total current liabilities

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Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

2.    Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). The accounting policies used to prepare these financial statements are the same as those used to prepare the consolidated financial statements in prior years, except as described in these notes or for the adoption of new standards as outlined below.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and majority-owned subsidiary. Any intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year balances have been reclassified in order to conform to current year presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the previously reported results of operations or loss per share.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.

Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates include:

•the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets;

•the estimated useful lives of intangible and depreciable assets;

•estimates and assumptions used to value warrants and options;

•the recognition of revenue; and

•the recognition, measurement and valuation of current and deferred income taxes.

Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed, and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period that they are determined to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023 or 2022.

Inventory

Inventory, which are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, related to our, perishable food items and supplies related to our Food service operations of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, and raw materials, supplies and harvested crops related to our farming operations of $2.4 million and nil as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable consists of receivables related to Sadot Food Services and Sadot Agri-Foods of $53.1 million and $0.2 million net of doubtful accounts of $0.2 million and $23.4 thousand as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Accounts receivable is stated at historical carrying amounts net of write-offs and allowances for uncollectible accounts. The Company establishes allowances for uncollectible trade accounts receivable based on lifetime expected credit losses using an aging schedule for each pool of accounts receivable. Pools are determined based on risk characteristics such as the type of receivable and geography. A default rate is derived using a provision matrix which is evaluated on a regular basis by management and based on past experience and other factors. The default rate is then applied to the pool to determine the allowance for expected credit losses. Given the short-term nature of the Company's trade accounts receivable, the default rate is only adjusted if significant changes in the credit profile of the portfolio are identified (e.g., poor crop years, credit issues at the country level, systematic risk), resulting in historic loss rates that are not representative of forecasted losses. Uncollectible accounts are written off when a settlement is reached for an amount that is less than the outstanding historical balance or when the Company has determined that collection of the balance is unlikely.

Purchase of Farmland

On May 16, 2023, the Company through its wholly owned subsidiary, Sadot LLC, entered into a Purchase of Right and Variation Agreement (the “Variation Agreement”) with Zamproagro Limited, a Liberian corporation (“ZPG”) and Cropit Farming Limited, a Zambian corporation (“Cropit”) pursuant to which ZPG assigned all of its rights, liabilities and obligations of the Put and Call Option Agreement Over Land entered between ZPG and Cropit dated December 29, 2022 (the “Put Land Agreement”) to Sadot LLC, which provided ZPG with a one year call option to acquire 70% of 4,942 acres

(2,000 hectares) of producing agricultural land along with buildings and related assets located within the Mkushi Farm Block of Zambia’s Region II agricultural zone (the “Farm”) for a purchase price of approximately $8.5 million.

On May 16, 2023, Sadot LLC and Cropit entered into Joint Venture Shareholders Agreement pursuant to which the parties agreed to form a new entity in Zambia to serve as a joint venture with respect to the farming of the Farm. The joint venture is named Sadot Enterprises Limited (“Sadot Zambia”) with Sadot LLC holding 70% of the equity and Cropit holding 30% of the equity. Sadot Zambia will hold 100% of the Farm. Sadot LLC and Cropit each appointed one director to the Board of Directors of Sadot Zambia. Further, Sadot LLC contributed $3.5 million into escrow for the primary purpose of discharging a loan secured by the Farm held by ABSA Bank.

On May 16, 2023, Sadot LLC, Cropit and Chibesakunda & Co., as escrow agent (the “Escrow Agent”) entered into an Escrow Agreement pursuant to which the Escrow Agent held all documentation required to allot Sadot LLC 70% of Sadot Zambia, documentation required to transfer the Farm to Sadot Zambia and $3.5 million contributed by Sadot LLC. Upon closing and completion of the asset acquisition of the farmland and some related property equipment, on August 23, 2023, the Escrow Agent released the required funds to ABSA Bank and released the required documentation with respect to the allocation of Sadot LLC’s interest in Sadot Zambia and the transfer of the Farm.

The asset acquisition consisted of property and equipment of $8.5 million. Cropit contributed land of $3.7 million for its non-controlling interest in the joint venture. The property and equipment that were purchased in the asset acquisition are as follows:

	As of
	August 23, 2023
	$’000
Furniture and Equipment	211
Vehicles	203
Land and Land Improvements	11,766
	12,180

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated Depreciation and amortization expenses. Major improvements are capitalized, and minor replacements, maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization expenses are calculated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the lease term of the related asset. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Furniture and Equipment	3 – 7 years
Leasehold Improvements	1 – 8 years
Vehicles	5 – 10 years
Land Improvements	3 – 20 years

Intangible Assets

The Company accounts for recorded intangible assets in accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC’) 350 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other”. In accordance with ASC 350, the Company does not amortize intangible assets having indefinite useful lives. The Company’s goodwill has an indefinite life and is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment at least annually, or more often whenever changes in facts and circumstances may indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. ASC 350 requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value. Significant judgment is required to estimate the fair value of

reporting units which includes estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and/or goodwill impairment.

The useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are:

Franchise license	10 years
Trademark	5 years
Proprietary recipes	7 years

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

When circumstances, such as adverse market conditions, indicate that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may be impaired, the Company performs an analysis to review the recoverability of the asset’s carrying value, which includes estimating the undiscounted cash flows (excluding interest charges) from the expected future operations of the asset. These estimates consider factors such as expected future operating income, operating trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. If the analysis indicates that the carrying value is not recoverable from future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Any impairment losses are recorded as operating expenses, which reduce net income.

Convertible Instruments

The Company evaluates its convertible instruments to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with Topic 815 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

If the instrument is determined not to be a derivative liability, the Company then evaluates for the existence of a beneficial conversion feature by comparing the market price of the Company’s common stock as of the commitment date to the effective conversion price of the instrument.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company deemed the conversion feature related to notes payable was not required to be bifurcated and recorded as a derivative liability.

Related Parties

A party is considered to be related to the Company if the party directly, indirectly, or through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. A party which can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or if it has an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests is also a related party.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenues consist of Commodity sales, Restaurant sales, Franchise royalties and fees, Franchise advertising fund contributions, and Other revenues. The Company recognizes revenues according to Topic 606 of FASB, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. Under the guidance, revenue is recognized in accordance with a five-step revenue model, as follows: (1) identifying the contract with the customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (5) recognizing revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In applying this five-step model, we made significant

judgments in identifying the promised goods or services in our contracts with franchisees that are distinct, and which represent separate performance obligations.

Commodity Sales

Commodity sale revenue is generated by Sadot Agri-Foods and is recognized when the commodity is delivered as evidenced by delivery and the invoice is prepared and submitted to the customer. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded Commodity sales revenues of $717.5 million and $150.6 million, respectively, which is included in Commodity sales on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Restaurant Sales

Retail store revenue at Sadot Food Service is recognized when payment is tendered at the point of sale, net of sales tax, discounts and other sales related taxes. The Company recorded retail store revenues of $8.1 million and $10.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in Restaurant sales on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The Company sells gift cards which do not have an expiration date, and it does not deduct dormancy fees from outstanding gift card balances. The Company recognizes revenues from gift cards as restaurant revenues once the Company performs its obligation to provide food and beverage to the customer simultaneously with the redemption of the gift card or through gift card breakage, as discussed in Other revenues below.

Franchise Royalties and Fees

Franchise revenues consists of royalties, initial franchise fees and rebates. Royalties are based on a percentage of franchisee net sales revenue. The Company recognizes the royalties as the underlying sales occur. The Company recorded revenue from royalties of $1.0 million and $0.7 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in Franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The Company provides the franchisees with management expertise, training, pre-opening assistance, and restaurant operating assistance in exchange for the multi-unit development fees and initial franchise fees. The Company capitalizes these fees upon collection from the franchisee. These initial fees are then recognized as franchise fee revenue on a straight-line basis over the life of the related franchise agreements and any exercised renewal periods. Cash payments are due upon the execution of the related franchise agreement. The Company’s performance obligation with respect to franchise fee revenues consists of a license to utilize the Company’s brand for a specified period of time, which is satisfied equally over the life of each franchise agreement. If a franchise location closes or a franchise agreement is terminated for any reason, the unrecognized revenue will be recognized in full at that time. The Company recorded revenue from initial franchise fees of $0.2 million and $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in Franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The Company has supply agreements with certain food and beverage vendors. Pursuant to the terms of these agreements, rebates are provided to the Company based upon the dollar volume of purchases for all company-owned and franchised restaurants from these vendors. Rebates earned on purchases by franchise stores are recorded as revenue during the period in which the related food and beverage purchases are made. The Company recorded revenue from rebates of $0.1 million and $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in Franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Rebates earned on purchases by Company-owned stores are recorded as a reduction of Food and beverage costs during the period in which the related food and beverage purchases are made.

Franchise Advertising Fund Contributions

Under the Company’s franchise agreements, the Company and its franchisees are required to contribute a certain percentage of revenues to a national advertising fund. The Company’s national advertising services are provided on a

system-wide basis and therefore, not considered distinct performance obligations for individual franchisees. In accordance with Topic 606, the Company recognizes these sales-based advertising contributions from franchisees as franchise revenue when the underlying franchisee Company incurs the corresponding advertising expense. The Company records the related advertising expenses as incurred under Sales, general and administrative expenses. When an advertising contribution fund is over-spent at year-end, advertising expenses will be reported on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss in an amount that is greater than the revenue recorded for advertising contributions. Conversely, when an advertising contribution fund is under-spent at a year-end, the Company will accrue advertising costs up to advertising contributions recorded in revenue. The Company recorded contributions from franchisees of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, which are included in Franchise advertising fund contributions on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Other Revenues

Gift card breakage is recognized when the likelihood of a gift card being redeemed by the customer is remote and the Company determines there is not a legal obligation to remit the unredeemed gift card balance to the relevant jurisdiction. The determination of the gift card breakage rate is based upon the Company’s specific historical redemption patterns. Gift card liability is recorded in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recorded $13.0 thousand and $5.0 thousand for gift card breakage for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue primarily includes initial franchise fees received by the Company and revenue from forward sales contracts. Deferred revenue related to Sadot food services is recognized in income over the life of the franchise. If a franchise location closes or a franchise agreement is terminated for any reason, the remaining deferred revenue will be recognized in full at that time. Deferred revenue related to Sadot Agri-Foods is recognized at the completion of the commodity forward sales contract agreements.

Stock-Based Expenses

Stock-based expenses include all expenses that are paid with stock. This includes stock-based consulting fees due to Aggia and other consultants, stock compensation paid to the Company's board of directors, and stock compensation paid to employees. The consulting fees due to Aggia related to ongoing Sadot Agri-Foods and expansion of the global agri-commodities business. Based on the initial Services Agreement with Aggia LLC FZ, a Company formed under the laws of United Arab Emirates (“Aggia”), the consulting fees were calculated at approximately 80.0% of the Net Income generated by Sadot Agri-Foods through March 31, 2023. As of April 1, 2023 the consulting agreement was amended to calculate consulting fees on 40.0% of the Net income generated by Sadot LLC. See Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies for further details. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, $6.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively, are recorded as Stock-based expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. For employees and directors, the fair value of the award is measured on the grant date and for non-employees, the fair value of the award is generally recorded on the grant date and re-measured on financial reporting dates and vesting dates until the service period is complete. The fair value amount of the award is then recognized over the period services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period.

Advertising

Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred. Advertising costs of $1.3 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are included in Sales, general and administrative expenses and $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, are included in Cost of goods sold in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Net Loss per Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc. by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus the impact of potential common shares, if dilutive, resulting from the exercise of warrants, options or the conversion of convertible notes payable.

The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average diluted common shares at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	December 31,
	2023	2022
	('000	('000
Warrants	17,380	18,033
Options	828	413
RSAs	8,643	—
Convertible debt	9,238	24
Total potentially dilutive shares	36,089	18,470

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and dilutive net loss per share attributable to the Company’s

stockholders:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
(In thousands, except for share count and per share data)
Net loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(7,824)	(7,962)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic	34,940,559	28,558,586
Effect of potentially dilutive stock options	—	—
Diluted	34,940,559	28,558,586
Net loss per share attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.:
Basic	(0.22)	(0.28)
Diluted	(0.22)	(0.28)

Major Vendor

The Company engages various vendors to purchase commodities for resale and distribute food products to their Company-owned restaurants. Purchases from the Company’s largest commodity supplier totaled 88% for the year ended December 31, 2023. Purchases from the Company’s largest food service supplier totaled 33% for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Derivative Instruments

The Company is exposed to market risks primarily related to the volatility in the price of carbon credits and soybeans. To manage these risks, the Company enters into forward sales contracts to sell carbon offset units from time to time. The Company evaluates its contracts to determine if such contracts qualify as derivatives under FASB Accounting ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). Derivative instruments are recorded as either assets or liabilities measured at their fair values. As the Company’s existing contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, any changes in fair value are recorded as Gain / (loss) on fair value remeasurement within “Other income / (expense)” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss for each reporting period. Derivative assets and liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument is probable within the next 12 months from the balance sheet date. The Company does not offset its derivative assets and

liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are recorded as an adjustment to operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows.

Refer to Fair Value of Financial Instruments below, Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies and Note 18 – Financial instruments for additional information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments.

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value and then are subsequently remeasured to fair value at the reporting date. Forward sales contracts are derivatives that were purchased and sold at a later date at a fixed or determinable price for a specified period. Changes in fair value are recognized in Gain / (loss) on fair value remeasurement in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss, as appropriate.

We use derivative financial instruments primarily for purposes of hedging exposures to fluctuations in agricultural commodity prices. We enter into these derivative contracts for periods consistent with the related underlying exposures, and the contracts do not constitute positions independent of those exposures. We do not enter into derivative contracts for speculative purposes and do not use leveraged instruments.

We record all open contract positions on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value and typically do not offset these assets and liabilities. There were two open positions at December 31, 2023.

Cash flows from derivative contracts are included in Net cash provided by operating activities.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the guidance of the FASB Accounting ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”).

ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable.

Level 3 — inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

See Note 17 – Fair value measurement for a summary of financial liabilities held at carrying amount including the Accrued compensation liability, Forward sales derivatives and the Derivative liability. For details related to the fair value of the Accrued compensation liability measured using Level 1 inputs, refer to Note 19 – Equity for details related to the fair value of the Forward sales derivatives and Derivative liability measured using Level 2 inputs, refer to Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies and Note 18 – Financial instruments.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and credit carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to impact taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.

Tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return are recorded in the Company’s financial statements. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is only recognized if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Uncertain tax positions have had no impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company does not expect any significant changes in its unrecognized tax benefits within years of the reporting date.

The Company’s policy is to classify assessments, if any, for tax related interest as interest expense and penalties as Sales, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Currency Translation Differences

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of Company's at the average foreign exchange rates for income and expenses. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency at the foreign exchange rate ruling as of the reporting period end date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are stated at fair value are translated to the functional currency at foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates the fair value was determined. Foreign exchange differences arising on translation are recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including farm operations and fair value adjustments arising on consolidation, are translated to the Company’s reporting currency, United States Dollars, at foreign exchange rates at the

reporting date. On a monthly basis, for subsidiaries whose functional currency is a currency other than the U.S. dollar, subsidiary statements of income and cash flows must be translated into U.S. dollars for consolidation purposes based on weighted-average exchange rates in each monthly period. As a result, fluctuations of local currencies compared to the U.S. dollar during each monthly period impact our consolidated statements of income and cash flows for each reported period (per quarter and year-to-date) and also affect comparisons between those reported periods.

Non-controlling Interests

The Company consolidates entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. The Company consolidates subsidiaries in which the Company holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting rights. Non-controlling interests represent third-party equity ownership interests in the Company’s consolidated entities. The amount of net income attributable to Non-controlling interests is disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires companies to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use leased assets on the Balance Sheets and to disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Qualitative and quantitative disclosures will be enhanced to better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted.

Additionally, in 2018 and 2019, the FASB issued the following Topic 842–related ASUs:

•ASU 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, which clarifies the applicability of Topic 842 to land easements and provides an optional transition practical expedient for existing land easements;

•ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which makes certain technical corrections to Topic 842;

•ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which allows companies to adopt Topic 842 without revising comparative period reporting or disclosures and provides an optional practical expedient to lessors to not separate lease and non-lease components of a contract if certain criteria are met; and

•ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements, which provides guidance for certain lessors on determining the fair value of an underlying asset in a lease and on the cash flow statement presentation of lease payments received; ASU No. 2019-01 also clarifies disclosures required in interim periods after adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 in the year of adoption.

The Company adopted Topic 842 as of January 1, 2022 and recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit of $15.0 thousand as of the adoption date, and recognized an additional $7.8 thousand during the second quarter of 2022, based on updated information on two of our leases, for an aggregate cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit of $22.8 thousand. See Note 11 – Leases for further details.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08 Business Combinations (“Topic 805”): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. The ASU requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, as if it had originated the contracts. Under the current business combinations guidance, such assets and liabilities were recognized by the acquirer at fair value on the acquisition date. The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended subsequently by ASUs 2018-19, 2019-04, 2019-05, 2019-10, 2019-11 and 2020-03. The guidance in the ASUs requires that credit losses be reported using an expected losses model rather than the incurred losses model that is currently used. The standard also establishes additional disclosures related to credit risks. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2023 did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06 Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. Among other changes, ASU 2020-06 removes the liability and equity separation model for convertible instruments with a cash conversion feature, and as a result, after adoption, entities will no longer separately present in equity an embedded conversion feature for such debt. Similarly, the embedded conversion feature will no longer be amortized into income as interest expense over the life of the instrument. Instead, entities will account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt unless (1) a convertible instrument contains features that require bifurcation as a derivative under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or (2) a convertible debt instrument was issued at a substantial premium. Additionally, ASU 2020-06 requires the application of the if-converted method to calculate the impact of convertible instruments on diluted earnings per share and updates the disclosure requirements in ASC 470-20, making them easier to understand for financial statement preparers and improving the decision-usefulness and relevance of the information for financial statement users. The Company early adopted the new guidance from January 1, 2023, noting no material impact.

In April 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt— Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options” (“ASU 2021-04”) to clarify the accounting by issuers for modifications or exchanges of equity-classified warrants. The new ASU is effective for all entities in fiscal years starting after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the new guidance from January 1, 2023, noting no material impact.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). The standard requires incremental disclosures related to reportable segments, including disaggregated expense information and the title and position of the company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), as identified for purposes of segment determination. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities must adopt the changes to the segment reporting guidance on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

Subsequent Events

The Company evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation and transactions, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the Financial Statements, except as disclosed in Note 21 – Subsequent events.

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Allowance for Credit Losses on Accounts Receivable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Credit Loss [Abstract]

Allowance for Credit Losses on Accounts Receivable

3.    Allowance for Credit Losses on Accounts Receivable

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, a summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable appears below:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Balance at beginning of period	23	—
Adjustments related to Sadot food services	72	23
Adjustments related to Sadot agri-foods	78	—
Customer accounts written off, net of recoveries	—	—
Balance at end of period	173	23

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Other Current Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Current Assets

4.    Other Current Assets

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s other current assets consists of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Prepaid expenses	766	89
Other receivables	7	228
Contract assets - current	47,180	—
Forward sales derivative	1,491	—
Notes receivable, current	148	—
Prepaid forward on carbon offsets	6,424	—
Other current assets	56,016	317

5.    Other Non-Current Assets

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s other non-current assets consists of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Security deposit	76	103
Notes receivable, non-current	26	—
Contract assets, non-current	46,340	—
Other non-current assets	46,442	103

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Other Non-Current Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Non-Current Assets

4.    Other Current Assets

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s other current assets consists of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Prepaid expenses	766	89
Other receivables	7	228
Contract assets - current	47,180	—
Forward sales derivative	1,491	—
Notes receivable, current	148	—
Prepaid forward on carbon offsets	6,424	—
Other current assets	56,016	317

5.    Other Non-Current Assets

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s other non-current assets consists of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Security deposit	76	103
Notes receivable, non-current	26	—
Contract assets, non-current	46,340	—
Other non-current assets	46,442	103

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Property and Equipment, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, Net

6.    Property and Equipment, Net

As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, Property and equipment consist of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Furniture and equipment	1,026	1,266
Vehicles	270	55
Leasehold improvements	877	2,062
Land and land improvements	11,766	—
Construction in process	—	5
Property and equipment, gross	13,939	3,388
Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,056)	(1,493)
Property and equipment, net	12,883	1,895

Depreciation expense amounted to $0.8 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company wrote off Property and equipment with an original cost value of $1.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The Company wrote off Property and equipment related to closed locations and future locations that were terminated due to a change of business focus and recorded a loss on disposal of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss. Please refer to Note 2 – Significant accounting policies for additional information.

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net

7.    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net

The Company’s intangible assets include trademarks, franchisee agreements, franchise license, domain names, customer list, proprietary recipes and non-compete agreements. Intangible assets are amortized over useful lives ranging from 5 to 10 years.

A summary of the intangible assets is presented below:

	Intangible assets, net at December 31, 2021	Impairment of intangible assets	Amortization expense	Intangible assets, net at December 31, 2022	Impairment of intangible assets	Amortization expense	Intangible assets, net at December 31, 2023
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Trademark Muscle Maker Grill	1,526	(347)	(509)	670	(419)	(251)	—
Franchise Agreements Muscle Maker Grill	163	—	(27)	136	(116)	(20)	—
Trademark SuperFit	38	—	(9)	29	(22)	(7)	—
Domain Name SuperFit	106	—	(25)	81	(62)	(19)	—
Customer List SuperFit	118	—	(28)	90	(70)	(20)	—
Proprietary Recipes SuperFit	135	—	(32)	103	(79)	(24)	—
Non-Compete Agreement SuperFit	194	—	(87)	107	(43)	(64)	—
Trademark Pokemoto	153	—	(35)	118	—	(35)	83
Franchisee License Pokemoto	2,599	—	(277)	2,322	—	(277)	2,045
Proprietary Recipes Pokemoto	1,028	—	(161)	867	—	(162)	705
Non-Compete Agreement Pokemoto	328	—	(240)	88	—	(88)	—
	6,388	(347)	(1,430)	4,611	(811)	(967)	2,833

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $1.0 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	Thereafter	Total
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Trademark Pokemoto	35	35	13	—	—	—	83
Franchisee License Pokemoto	278	277	277	277	277	659	2,045
Proprietary Recipes Pokemoto	162	161	161	161	60	—	705
	475	473	451	438	337	659	2,833

On August 4, 2023, the Company announced its intention to strategically pivot towards the global food supply chain sector. The Company plans to reduce Sadot Food Services operating expenses by closing underperforming units while refranchising (selling) most of the remaining company-owned units. Due to the structural change of the Company's operations and the closing or marketing for sale of the Company owned stores an impairment testing of the Company’s intangible assets was performed. Therefore, an impairment charge of $0.8 million was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023.

A summary of the goodwill assets is presented below:

	Muscle Maker Grill	Pokemoto	SuperFit Food	Total
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Goodwill, net at December 31, 2021	570	1,798	258	2,626
Impairment of goodwill	—	—	—	—
Goodwill, net at December 31, 2022	570	1,798	258	2,626
Impairment of goodwill	(570)	—	(258)	(828)
Goodwill, net at December 31, 2023	—	1,798	—	1,798

On August 4, 2023, the Company announced its intention to strategically pivot towards the global food supply chain sector. The Company plans to reduce Sadot Food Services operating expenses by closing underperforming units while refranchising (selling) most of the remaining company-owned units. Due to the structural change of the Company's operations and the closing or marketing for sale of the Company owned stores an impairment testing of the Company’s goodwill was performed. During the year ended December 31, 2023, there was an Impairment of goodwill of $0.8 million. There was no impairment during the year ended December 31, 2022.

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Accounts Payables and Accrued Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accounts Payables and Accrued Expenses

8.    Accounts Payables and Accrued Expenses

Accounts payables and accrued expenses consist of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Accounts payable	3,488	1,085
Accrued payroll and bonuses	756	551
Accrued expenses	204	87
Accrued interest expenses	77	—
Accrued professional fees	255	185
Accounts payable commodities	45,342	—
Accrued purchases	17	—
Sales taxes payable	28	45
	50,167	1,953

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Accrued Stock-Based Consulting Expenses Due to Related Party

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accrued Stock-based Consulting Expenses

Accrued Stock-Based Consulting Expenses Due to Related Party

9.    Accrued Stock-Based Consulting Expenses Due to Related Party

At December 31, 2023, there were no Accrued stock-based consulting expenses and at December 31, 2022, Accrued stock-based consulting expenses were $3.6 million. Accrued stock-based consulting expenses are related to consulting fees due to Aggia, for Sadot Agri-Foods. See Note 20 – Related party transactions for details. Based on the initial Services Agreement with Aggia LLC FZ, a Company formed under the laws of United Arab Emirates (“Aggia”), the consulting fees were calculated at approximately 80% of the Net Income generated by Sadot Agri-Foods through March 31, 2023. As of April 1, 2023, the consulting agreement was amended to calculate consulting fees on 40.0% of the Net income generated by Sadot Agri-Foods. See Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies for further details. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, $5.4 million and $3.6 million, respectively, are also recorded within Stock-based expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss. The Stock-based consulting expenses that were due to related party were paid in stock in 2023.

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Notes Payable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Notes Payable

10.    Notes Payable

Standby Equity Purchase Agreement

On September 22, 2023, the Company entered into the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (“SEPA”) with YA II PN, LTD, a Cayman Islands exempt limited partnership (“Yorkville”) pursuant to which the Company has the right to sell to Yorkville up to $25 million of its shares of common stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the SEPA, from time to time during the term of the SEPA. This freestanding financial instrument (put option) is by definition a derivative that should be accounted for under ASC 815. Since this put option is for common stock of the Company and there is no cash settlement, this instrument is considered indexed to its own stock. Additionally, under the guidance, this instrument would be classified as equity. In accordance with ASC 815, the Company should fair value this instrument on day 1 and record in this amount equity with no adjustments to fair value during its life. Since the debit and credit would both go through APIC, the Company determined it would not measure or record this option as it would have no effect on the consolidated financial statements. Sales of the shares of common stock to Yorkville under the SEPA, and the timing of any such sales, are at the Company’s option, and the Company is under no obligation to sell any shares of common stock to Yorkville under the SEPA except in connection with notices that may be submitted by Yorkville, in certain circumstances as described below.

Upon the satisfaction of the conditions to Yorkville’s purchase obligation set forth in the SEPA, including having a registration statement registering the resale of the shares of common stock issuable under the SEPA declared effective by the SEC, the Company will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at its discretion until the SEPA is terminated to direct Yorkville to purchase a specified number of shares of common stock (“Advance”) by delivering written notice to Yorkville (“Advance Notice”). While there is no mandatory minimum amount for any Advance, it may not exceed an amount equal to 100% of the average of the daily traded amount during the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding an Advance Notice.

The shares of common stock purchased pursuant to an Advance delivered by the Company will be purchased at a price equal to 97% of the lowest daily VWAP of the shares of common stock during the three consecutive trading days commencing on the date of the delivery of the Advance Notice, other than the daily VWAP on a day in which the daily VWAP is less than a minimum acceptable price as stated by the Company in the Advance Notice or there is no VWAP on the subject trading day. The Company may establish a minimum acceptable price in each Advance Notice below which the Company will not be obligated to make any sales to Yorkville. “VWAP” is defined as the daily volume weighted average price of the shares of common stock for such trading day on the Nasdaq Stock Market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P. Accordingly, as may otherwise be limited by Yorkville’s 4.99% beneficial ownership limitation, assuming the Company submits an Advance requiring Yorkville to provide $0.1 million in funding and assuming an applicable VWAP of $1.10 and, in turn, a purchase price of $1.067 (97% of the VWAP), the Company would be required to issue 0.1 million shares of common stock and Yorkville would receive a profit of approximately $0.03201 per share, or approximately $2,999.98, if it sold all of such shares at $1.10 per share.

In connection with the SEPA, and subject to the condition set forth therein, Yorkville has agreed to advance to the Company in the form of convertible promissory notes (the “Convertible Notes”) an aggregate principal amount of $4.0 million (the “Pre-Paid Advance”). The Pre-Paid Advance was disbursed on September 22, 2023 with respect to $3.0 million and the balance of $1.0 million was disbursed on October 30, 2023, upon the registration statement registering the resale of the shares of common stock issuable under the SEPA being declared effective. The purchase price for the Pre-Paid Advance is 94.0% of the principal amount of the Pre-Paid Advance. Interest shall accrue on the outstanding balance of any Pre-Paid Advance at an annual rate equal to 6.0%, subject to an increase to 18% upon an event of default as described in the Convertible Notes. The maturity date will be 12-months after the initial closing of the Pre-Paid Advance. Yorkville may convert the Convertible Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price equal to the lower of $1.11495 or 95% of the lowest daily VWAP during the seven consecutive trading days immediately proceeding the conversion (the “Conversion Price”), which in no event may the Conversion Price be lower than $0.33 (the “Floor Price”). In addition, upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an event of default, the Convertible Notes shall become immediately due and payable and the Company shall pay to Yorkville the principal and interest due thereunder. In no event shall Yorkville be allowed to effect a conversion if such conversion, along with all other shares of common stock beneficially owned by Yorkville and its affiliates would exceed 4.99% of the outstanding shares of the common stock of the Company. If any time on or after October 22, 2023 (i) the daily VWAP is less than the Floor Price for seven trading

days during a period of nine consecutive trading days (“Floor Price Trigger”), or (ii) the Company has issued in excess of 99% of the shares of common stock available under the Exchange Cap (“Exchange Cap Trigger” and collectively with the Floor Price Trigger, the “Trigger”)), then the Company shall make monthly payments to Yorkville beginning on the seventh trading day after the Trigger and continuing monthly in the amount of $0.5 million plus an 8.0% premium and accrued and unpaid interest. The Exchange Cap Trigger will not apply in the event the Company has obtained the approval from its stockholders in accordance with the rules of Nasdaq Stock Market for the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to the transactions contemplated in the Convertible Note and the SEPA in excess of 19.99% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of the effective date of the SEPA (the “Exchange Cap”). No triggering event occured as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, 1.2 million shares of common stock have been converted leaving an aggregate principle balance remaining of $3.6 million.

Notes Payable

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company received a total amount of $11.9 million and nil, respectively, and repaid a total amount of $5.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of the notes payables.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had an aggregate amount of $7.1 million in notes payable, net of discount of $0.2 million. Other than the Yorkville note above there are various notes payable for an aggregate amount of $3.8 million with interest rates ranging between 3.75% - 12.00% per annum, due on various dates through May 2026.

The maturities of notes payable as of December 31, 2023, are as follows:

	Principal Amount
	$’000
1/1/24-12/31/24	6,687
1/1/25-12/31/25	79
1/1/26-12/31/26	543
1/1/27-12/31/27	—
Thereafter	—
	7,309

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Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

11.    Leases

The Company’s leases consist of restaurant locations. We determine if a contract contains a lease at inception. The leases generally has remaining terms of 1-8 years and most leases include the option to extend the leases for an additional 5-year period.

The total lease cost associated with Right of use assets and Operating lease liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2023, was $0.7 million and has been recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss within Cost of goods sold.

The Company's assets and liabilities related to the Company’s leases were as follows:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Assets
Right to use asset	1,284	2,433
Liabilities
Operating leases – current	385	560
Operating leases – non-current	1,027	2,019
Total lease liabilities	1,412	2,579

The table below presents the future minimum lease payments under the noncancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2023:

	Operating Leases
	$’000
Fiscal Year:
2023	—
2024	529
2025	378
2026	239
2027	245
2028	184
Thereafter	304
Total lease payments	1,879
Less imputed interest	(467)
Present value of lease liabilities	1,412

The Company’s lease term and discount rates were as follows:

	As of December 31, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases	4.86
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases	12.0	%

All remaining leases relate to the Sadot Food Services segment, and in the event the segment is sold, the remaining leases would be included in the acquisition.

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Deferred Revenue

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Deferred Revenue

12.    Deferred Revenue

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, deferred revenue consists of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Deferred revenues, net	2,784	1,371
Less: deferred revenue, current	(1,229)	(95)
Deferred revenues, non-current	1,555	1,276

Deferred revenue related to commodity forward sales contracts of $1.4 million and nil, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Deferred revenue related to deferred franchise fees of $1.4 million and $1.4 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Other Current Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Current Liabilities

13.    Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consist of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Gift card liability	13	25
Co-op advertising fund liability	114	79
Marketing development brand liability	68	35
Advertising fund liability	29	43
Contract liabilities, current	46,046	—
	46,270	182

See Note 2 – Significant accounting policies for details related to the gift card liability and advertising fund liability. See Note 17 – Fair value measurement for details related to the contract liabilities.

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

14.    Income Taxes

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented below:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
	$’000	$’000
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	11,890	10,615
Receivable allowance	37	5
Stock-based compensation	20	15
Intangible assets	727	314
163(j) adjustment	100	—
Accrued expenses	106	—
Capitalized costs	4	—
Deferred revenues	310	204
Leases	301	32
Gross deferred tax asset	13,495	11,185
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(60)	(160)
Leases	(274)	—
Unrealized gains	(317)	—
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(651)	(160)
Net deferred tax assets	12,844	11,025
Valuation allowance	(12,844)	(11,025)
Net deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance	—	—

The income tax (benefit) / expense for the periods shown consist of the following:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
	$’000	$’000
Federal:
Current	—	—
Deferred	—	—
State and local:
Current	(15)	25
Deferred	—	—
	(15)	25
Change in valuation allowance	—	—
Income tax (benefit) /expense	(15)	25

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the periods shown, are as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Federal income tax benefit at statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income tax benefit, net of federal impact	1.1	%	(0.5)	%
Permanent differences	(0.3)	%	(0.1)	%
PPP loan forgiveness	—	%	0.4	%
Return to provision adjustments	0.5	%	3.3	%
Deferred tax asset true up- State	—	%	(14.5)	%
Warrant modification expense	(2.5)	%	—	%
Fair value gain/loss on share issuance	3.6	%	—	%
Deferred tax asset true up- Federal	—	%	(6.8)	%
Change in valuation allowance	(23.2)	%	(3.3)	%
Effective income tax rate	0.2	%	(0.5)	%

The Company has filing obligations in what it considers its U.S. major tax jurisdictions as follows: Nevada, California, Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, Texas, Virginia, New York State and New York City. The earliest year that the Company is subject to examination is the year ended December 31, 2015.

The Company has approximately $71.8 million of Federal and State Net operating loss (“NOLs”) available to offset future taxable income. The net operating loss carryforwards generated prior to 2018, if not utilized, will expire from 2035 to 2037 for federal and state purposes.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that the Company will not recognize the future tax benefit of the loss carryforwards and has recognized a valuation allowance of $12.8 million and $11.0 million, respectively. The valuation allowance increased by approximately $1.8 million.

Utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards and credits may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the ownership change limitations provided by Section 382 and Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and similar state provisions. Generally, in addition to certain entity reorganizations, the limitation applies when one or more “5 percent stockholders” increase their ownership, in the aggregate, by more than 50 percentage points over a 36-month time period testing period or beginning the day after the most recent ownership change, if shorter.

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Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

15.    Commitments and Contingencies

Forward Purchase and Sales Contracts

On September 12, 2023, the Company through Sadot Agri-Foods, entered into a forward purchase contract titled the Verified Emissions Reduction Purchase Agreement (“VERPA”) for the acquisition of Verified Carbon Units (“VCUs”) generated by a conservation project along the Riau coastline in Indonesia (“conservation project”). Under the VERPA, Sadot Agri-Foods will acquire 180,000 VCUs between 2025 and 2027 as issued. Delivery of VCUs to Sadot Agri-Foods is expected within 14 days from credit issuance annually, where such delivery will occur no later than December of each respective year. The acquisition price for these VCUs is $35.69 per VCU, or $6.4 million in the aggregate, which was paid on September 23, 2023. The aggregate purchase price paid of $6.4 million was recorded on the balance sheet within the “Prepaid forward on carbon offsets” account.

On September 13, 2023, the Company through Sadot Agri-Foods, entered into a separate forward sales agreement pursuant to which the purchaser agreed to acquire 180,000 VCUs between 2025 and 2026 for an acquisition price of $44.62 per VCU, or $8.0 million. The VCUs are expected to be generated as part of the conservation project. The VCUs would be delivered within 14 days from credit issuance annually, where such delivery will occur no later than December of each respective year. Payment for these VCUs would not be required until 2025 at the earliest, within 10 days of VCU issuance.

However, Sadot Agri-Foods has the right to repurchase any VCUs during the term of this forward contract at the then current market price (based on the prices reported by an independent marketplace). This contract was determined to be a derivative in accordance with ASC 815.

On November 24, 2023, the Company through Sadot Agri-Foods, entered into a forward sale contract for the sale of 70,000 Metric Tons (“MTs”) of soybeans. Sadot Agri-Foods will provide 70,000 MTs to a third-party in May 2025, which is the executed contract date. The acquisition price for these MTs is $662 per MT, or $46.3 million in the aggregate. This contract was determined to be a derivative in accordance with ASC 815.

On December 6, 2023, the Company through Sadot Agri-Foods, entered into a forward sale contract for the sale of 70,000 Metric Tons (“MTs”) of soybeans. Sadot Agri-Foods will provide 70,000 MTs to a third-party in November/December 2024, which is the executed contract date. The acquisition price for these MTs is $674 per MT, or $47.2 million in the aggregate. This contract was determined to be a derivative in accordance with ASC 815.

Refer to Note 2 – Significant accounting policies, Note 17 – Fair value measurement and Note 18 – Financial instruments for additional information regarding the Derivative liability.

Election of Directors

On December 22, 2022, the Company held its annual shareholders meeting, and the shareholders voted on the directors to serve on the Company’s board of directors. The shareholders elected Kevin Mohan, Stephen Spanos, A.B. Southall III, Paul L. Menchik, Jeff Carl, Major General (ret) Malcolm Frost and Phillip Balatsos to serve on the Company’s board of directors.

On December 27, 2022, the Board appointed Benjamin Petel to the Board of Directors.

On February 2, 2023, the Board appointed Na Yeon (“Hannah”) Oh and Ray Shankar to the Board of Directors, effective March 1, 2023.

On April 3, 2023, the Board appointed Paul Sansom and Marvin Yeo to the Board of Directors.

On June 15, 2023 The Board appointed Dr. Ahmed Khan, David Errington and Mark McKinney to the Board of Directors.

On December 20, 2023, the Company held its annual shareholders meeting, and the shareholders voted on the directors to serve on the Company’s board of directors. The shareholders elected Kevin Mohan, Stephen Spanos, David Errington, Jeff Carl, Na Yeon ("Hannah") Oh, Ray Shankar, Mark McKinney, Marvin Yeo, Paul Sansom, Benjamin Petel and Dr. Ahmed Khan to serve on the Company’s board of directors.

Consulting Agreements

On November 14, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), the Company, Sadot LLC and Aggia LLC FC, a company formed under the laws of United Arab Emirates (“Aggia”) entered into a Services Agreement (the “Services Agreement”) whereby Sadot LLC engaged Aggia to provide certain advisory services to Sadot Agri-Food for creating, acquiring and managing Sadot Agri-Foods’s business of wholesaling food and engaging in the purchase and sale of physical food commodities.

As consideration for Aggia providing the services to Sadot Agri-Food, the Company agreed to issue shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, to Aggia subject to Sadot Agri-Food generating net income measured on a quarterly basis at per share price of $1.5625, subject to equitable adjustments for any combinations or splits of the common stock occurring following the Effective Date. Upon Sadot Agri-Food generating net income for any fiscal quarter, the Company shall issue Aggia a number of shares of common stock equal to the net income for such fiscal quarter divided by the per share price (the “Shares”). The Company may only issue authorized, unreserved shares of common stock. The Company will not issue Aggia in excess of 14.4 million shares representing 49.999% of the number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of the Effective Date. Further, once Aggia has been issued a number of shares constituting 19.99% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of the Company, no additional shares shall be issued to Aggia unless and until this transaction has been approved by the shareholders of the Company. In the event that the shares cap has been reached, then the remaining portion of the net income, if any, not issued as shares shall accrue as

debt payable by Sadot Group to Aggia until such debt has reached a maximum of $71.5 million. The Company will prepare the shares earned calculation after the annual audit or quarter review is completed by the auditors. The shares will be issued within 10 days of the final calculation.

On July 14, 2023 (the “Addendum Date”), effective April 1, 2023, the parties entered into Addendum 2 to the Services Agreement (“Addendum 2”) pursuant to which the parties amended the compensation that Aggia is entitled.

Pursuant to Addendum 2, on the Addendum Date, the Company issued 8.9 million shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company, which such Shares represent 14.4 million Shares that Aggia is entitled to receive pursuant to the Services Agreement less the 5.6 million Shares that have been issued to Aggia pursuant to the Services Agreement as of the Addendum Date. The Company will not issue Aggia in excess of 14.4 million Shares representing 49.9% of the number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of the effective date of the Services Agreement. The Shares shall be considered issued and outstanding as of the Addendum Date and Aggia shall hold all rights associated with such Shares. The Shares vest on a progressive schedule, at a rate equal to the net income of Sadot Agri-Foods, calculated quarterly divided by $3.125, which for accounting purposes shall equal 40% of the net income of Sadot Agri-Foods, calculated quarterly divided by $1.25. During the 30 day period after July 14, 2028 (the “Share Repurchase Date”), Aggia may purchase any Shares not vested. All Shares not vested or purchased by Aggia, shall be repurchased by the Company from Aggia at per share price of $0.001 per share. Further, the parties clarified that the Lock Up Agreement previously entered between the Company and Aggia dated November 16, 2022 shall be terminated on May 16, 2024 provided that any Shares that have not vested or been purchased by Aggia may not be transferred, offered, pledged, sold, subject to a contract to sell, granted any options for the sale of or otherwise disposed of, directly or indirectly. Following the Share Repurchase Date, in the event that there is net income for any fiscal quarter, then an amount equal to 40% of the net income shall accrue as debt payable by Sadot Group to Aggia (the “Debt”), until such Debt has reached a maximum of $71.5 million.

Additionally, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company reimbursed Aggia for all operating costs related to Sadot Agri-Foods operating expenses including labor and operating expenses and general administrative expenses of $2.6 million, $0.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively and all operating costs related to Sadot Agri-Foods including labor and operating expenses of $0.5 million and $19.0 thousand, respectively.

Franchising

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company entered into various Pokemoto franchise agreements for a total of 20 and 30, respectively, potentially new Pokemoto locations with various franchisees. The Franchisees paid the Company an aggregate of $0.2 million and $0.5 million and this has been recorded in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Master Franchise Agreement

On October 25, 2021, Muscle Maker Development International LLC (“MMDI”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Muscle Maker Inc., entered into a Master Franchise Agreement (the “Master Franchise Agreement”) with Almatrouk Catering Company – OPC (“ACC”) providing ACC with the right to grant franchises for the development of 40 “Muscle Maker Grill” restaurants through December 31, 2030 (the “Term”) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (“KSA”).

Under the Master Franchise Agreement, MMDI has granted to ACC an exclusive right to establish and operate Muscle Maker restaurants in the KSA. MMDI will not own or operate restaurants in KSA, grant franchises for the restaurants in KSA, or grant Master Franchise Rights for the restaurants to other persons within the KSA. ACC will be solely responsible for the development, sales, marketing, operations, distribution and training of all franchise locations sold in the KSA.

ACC is required to pay MMDI $0.2 million pursuant to the Master Franchise Agreement upon the occurrence of various events. ACC is required to pay MMDI $20.0 thousand upon the execution of each franchise agreement for each individual restaurant and a monthly royalty fee of $1.0 thousand for each restaurant. Further, ACC is to adhere to the agreed upon development schedule as outlined in the master franchise agreement. An initial $20.0 thousand deposit was paid on the agreement. ACC has not performed against this agreement.

Sales Taxes

The Company had accrued a sales tax liability for approximately $27.8 thousand and $44.6 thousand as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. All current state and local sales taxes from January 1, 2018, for open Company-owned locations have been fully paid and in a timely manner.

Litigations, Claims and Assessments

On April 24, 2022, the Company and a convertible note holder entered into an agreement in which the Company will repay a total of $0.1 million in connection with the default judgement issued on June 22, 2018, by the Iowa District Court for Polk County #CVCV056029, filed against the Company for failure to pay the remaining balance due on a promissory note in the amount of $0.1 million, together with interest, attorney fees and other costs of $0.2 million. The Company agreed to pay $40.0 thousand on or before May 1, 2020 and to make seven installment payments of $10.0 thousand per month starting on or before June 1, 2022. As of December 30, 2022, the Company has paid this note in full.

On January 23, 2020, the Company was served a judgment issued by the Judicial Council of California in the amount of $0.1 million for a breach of a lease agreement in Chicago, Illinois, in connection with a Company-owned store that was closed in 2018. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has accrued for the liability in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

In the normal course of business, the Company may be involved in legal proceedings, claims and assessments arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management after consulting legal counsel, such matters are currently not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

The Company records legal costs associated with loss contingencies as incurred and accrues for all probable and estimable settlements after consulting legal counsel.

Employment Agreements

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Michael Roper (the “Roper Agreement”), which replaced his prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Roper Agreement, Mr. Roper will continue to be employed as Chief Executive Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Roper Agreement, Mr. Roper is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.4 million. Mr. Roper will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus to be determined by the Board annually. Mr. Roper received an additional bonus of $0.1 million on March 2, 2023 and an additional $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Mr. Roper is terminated for any reason, he will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Mr. Roper is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Mr. Roper will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to 18 months following the second anniversary of the Roper Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Roper Agreement will automatically terminate and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

On March 21, 2023, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Jennifer Black (the “Black Agreement”), which replaced her prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Black Agreement, Ms. Black will continue to be employed as Chief Financial Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Black Agreement, Ms. Black is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.3 million. Ms. Black will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus up to 50% of her annual salary. Ms. Black received an additional bonus of $0.1 million on March 2, 2023 and an additional $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Ms. Black is terminated for any reason, she will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Ms. Black is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Ms. Black will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to six months following the second anniversary of the Black Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved

by the shareholders, the Black Agreement will automatically terminate and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Kenn Miller (the “Miller Agreement”), which replaced his prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Miller Agreement, Mr. Miller will continue to be employed as Chief Operating Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Miller Agreement, Mr. Miller is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.3 million. Mr. Miller will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus up to 75% of his annual salary. Further, Mr. Miller will be entitled to an additional bonus of $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Mr. Miller is terminated for any reason, he will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Mr. Miller is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Mr. Miller will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to 12 months following the second anniversary of the Miller Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Miller Agreement will automatically terminate and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Kevin Mohan (the “Mohan Agreement”), which replaced his prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Mohan Agreement, Mr. Mohan will continue to be employed as Chief Investment Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Employment Agreement, Mr. Mohan is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.2 million. Mr. Mohan will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus up to 75% of his annual salary. Mr. Mohan received an additional bonus of $0.1 million on March 2, 2023 and an additional $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Mr. Mohan is terminated for any reason, he will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Mr. Mohan is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Mr. Mohan will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to six months following the second anniversary of the Mohan Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Mohan Agreement will automatically terminate and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Aimee Infante (the “Infante Agreement”), which replaced her prior employment agreement. Pursuant to the Infante Agreement, Ms. Infante will continue to be employed as Chief Marketing Officer of the Company on an at will basis. During the term of the Infante Agreement, Ms. Infante is entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $0.2 million. Ms. Infante will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus up to 25% of her annual salary. Further, Ms. Infante will be entitled to an additional bonus of $25.0 thousand which is accrued and unpaid, relating to the appointment of certain directors pursuant to the agreement with Aggia. If Ms. Infante is terminated for any reason, she will be entitled to receive accrued salary and vacation pay, accrued bonus payments, all expense reimbursements and shall be entitled to exercise any equity compensation rights through the last day of the term applicable to such stock option. If Ms. Infante is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause or resigns for a good reason, Ms. Infante will be entitled to a severance payment equal to 36 months of salary, which will be reduced to six months following the second anniversary of the Infante Agreement, and all equity compensation shall be fully accelerated. In the event the Shareholder Matters are not approved by the shareholders, the Infante Agreement will automatically terminate, and the prior employment agreement will again be in full effect.

NASDAQ Notice

On November 7, 2023, the Company received notice from The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) that the closing bid price for the Company’s common stock had been below $1.00 per share for the previous 30 consecutive business days, and that the Company is therefore not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on The Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Rule”).

Nasdaq’s notice has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market.

The notice indicates that the Company will have 180 calendar days, until May 6, 2024, to regain compliance with this requirement. The Company can regain compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid listing requirement if the closing bid price of its common stock is at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten (10) consecutive business days during the 180-day compliance period. If the Company does not regain compliance during the initial compliance period, it may be eligible for additional time of 180 calendar days to regain compliance. To qualify, the Company will be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of our publicly held shares and all other Nasdaq initial listing standards, except the bid price requirement, and will need to provide written notice to Nasdaq of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period. If the Company is not eligible or it appears to Nasdaq that the Company will not be able to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, Nasdaq will provide written notice to the Company that the Company’s common stock will be subject to delisting. In the event of such notification, the Company may appeal Nasdaq’s determination to delist its securities, but there can be no assurance that Nasdaq would grant the Company’s request for continued listing.

The Company intends to actively monitor the minimum bid price of its common stock and may, as appropriate, consider available options to regain compliance with the Rule. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain compliance with the Rule or will otherwise be in compliance with other Nasdaq listing criteria.

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Reportable Operating Segments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Reportable Operating Segments

16.    Reportable Operating Segments

See Note 1 – Business organization and nature of operations for descriptions of our operating segments.

The following table sets forth the results of operations for the relevant segments for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Sadot food service	Sadot agri-foods	Corporate adj.	Total segments
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Commodity sales	—	717,506	—	717,506
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts	8,053	—	—	8,053
Franchise royalties and fees	1,041	—	—	1,041
Franchise advertising fund contributions	73	—	—	73
Other revenues	13	—	—	13
Cost of goods sold	(8,883)	(707,872)	—	(716,755)
Gross profit	297	9,634	—	9,931
Impairment of intangible asset	(811)	—	—	(811)
Impairment of goodwill	(828)	—	—	(828)
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(665)	(151)	(992)	(1,808)
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(73)	—	—	(73)
Pre-opening expenses	(36)	(335)	—	(371)
Post-closing expenses	(211)	—	(1)	(212)
Stock-based expenses	—	—	(6,192)	(6,192)
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(437)	(1,551)	(7,416)	(9,404)
(Loss) / income from operations	(2,764)	7,597	(14,601)	(9,768)
Other income	1	—	307	308
Interest expense, net	(1)	(52)	(416)	(469)
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	—	—	1,339	1,339
Warrant modification expense	—	—	(958)	(958)
Loss on fair value remeasurement	—	1,491	—	1,491
Gain on debt extinguishment	—	—	—	—
(Loss) / income before income tax	(2,764)	9,036	(14,329)	(8,057)
Income tax benefit / (expense)	(1)	—	16	15
Net (loss) / income	(2,765)	9,036	(14,313)	(8,042)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	—	218	—	218
Net (loss) / income attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(2,765)	9,254	(14,313)	(7,824)
Total assets	10,416	162,175	5,500	178,091

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Sadot food service	Sadot agri-foods	Corporate adj.	Total segments
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Commodity sales	—	150,586	—	150,586
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts	10,300	—	—	10,300
Franchise royalties and fees	727	—	—	727
Franchise advertising fund contributions	81	—	—	81
Other revenues	5	—	—	5
Cost of goods sold	(11,270)	(146,037)	—	(157,307)
Gross profit	(157)	4,549	—	4,392
Impairment of intangible asset	(347)	—	—	(347)
Impairment of goodwill	—	—	—	—
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(2,015)	—	—	(2,015)
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(81)	—	—	(81)
Pre-opening expenses	(117)	—	—	(117)
Post-closing expenses	(197)	—	—	(197)
Stock-based expenses	—	—	(3,716)	(3,716)
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(601)	(97)	(5,337)	(6,035)
(Loss) / income from operations	(3,515)	4,452	(9,053)	(8,116)
Other income	80	—	(34)	46
Interest expense, net	21	—	(28)	(7)
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	—	—	—	—
Gain on debt extinguishment	140	—	—	140
(Loss) / income before income tax	(3,274)	4,452	(9,115)	(7,937)
Income tax benefit / (expense)	—	—	(25)	(25)
Net (loss) / income	(3,274)	4,452	(9,140)	(7,962)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	—	—	—	—
Net (loss) / income attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(3,274)	4,452	(9,140)	(7,962)
Total assets	16,340	7,915	2,975	27,230

With the creation of our Sadot LLC subsidiary in late 2022, we began to transform from a U.S.-centric restaurant business into a global, food-focused organization with two distinct segments. As a result, we have reevaluated and changed our operating segments late in 2023 to align with our two distinct segments. Previously we split out Muscle Maker Grill, Pokemoto, and SuperFit Foods as their own restaurant operating segments. With the transformation of our business into a global, food-focused organization, we operate the business in two distinct business segments Sadot Agri-Foods and Sadot Food Service.

The operating segments have changed since the third quarter of 2023 due to a change in management's view of the business.

The Company will continue to evaluate its operating segments and update as necessary.

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Fair Value Measurement

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurement

17.    Fair Value Measurement

The following tables presents information about the Company's assets and liabilities that are measure at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value.

	December 31, 2023
	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Financial assets/liabilities:	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Contract liability	—	92,094	—	92,094
Forward sales derivatives	—	1,491	—	1,491
	—	93,585	—	93,585

	December 31, 2022
	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Financial liabilities:	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Accrued compensation liability	3,602	—	—	3,602
	3,602	—	—	3,602

There were no transfers between fair value levels during the year ended December 31, 2023.

See Note 19 – Equity for details related to accrued compensation liability being fair valued using Level 1 inputs.

See Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies and Note 18 – Financial instruments for details related to the Derivative liability being fair valued using Level 2 inputs.

Forward Sales Derivative and Derivative Liability

The Forward sales derivative asset and Derivative liability relate to the forward sale contracts. The fair value of the Forward sales derivative asset and Derivative liability is based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active market or inputs that are observable which represent Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy and is based on observable prices for similar assets sourced by an independent marketplace. The Forward sales derivative refers to the forward sales contracts executed in September, November and December 2023. Refer to Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies, for a more detailed discussion of the transactions. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the fair value increased by $2.9 million. Please refer to Please refer to Note 2 – Significant accounting policies for additional information on ASC 815 leveling.

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Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Financial Instruments

18.    Financial Instruments

Concentration of Credit Risk

Commodity Price Risk

The Company uses a combination of purchase orders and various long and short-term supply arrangements in connection with the purchase of corn, soybean and soybean products including certain commodities and agricultural products. We also enter into commodity futures, options and swap contracts to reduce the volatility of price fluctuations of wheat, soybean and corn. Commodity futures, options and swap contracts are either designated as cash-flow hedging instruments or are undesignated.

Changes in the fair value on the portion of the derivative included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness of cash-flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), until earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows. The change in fair value on undesignated instruments is recorded in Other income / (expense). There were no current contracts designated as a hedge at December 31, 2023. We net settle amounts due, if any, under the contract with our counterparty.

Additionally, the Company is exposed to market risks primarily related to the volatility in the price of carbon credits. To manage these risks, the Company enters into forward sales contracts to sell carbon offset units from time to time. The Company evaluates its contracts to determine if such contracts qualify as derivatives under ASC 815. As the Company’s existing carbon offset contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, any changes in fair value are recorded as Gain (loss) on fair value remeasurement within Other income / (expense).

The Forward sales derivative asset and Derivative liability relate to the forward sale contracts. The fair value of the Forward sales derivative asset and Derivative liability is based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active market or inputs that are observable which represent Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy and is based on observable prices for similar assets sourced by an independent marketplace. The Forward sales derivative refers to the forward sales contracts executed in September, November and December 2023. Refer to Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies, for a more detailed discussion of the transactions. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the fair value increased by $2.9 million.

See Note 2 – Significant accounting policies, Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies and Note 17 – Fair value measurement for further details regarding the Derivative liability.

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Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Equity

19.    Equity

Stock Option and Stock Issuance Plan

2021 Plan

The Company’s board of directors and shareholders approved and adopted on October 7, 2021 the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”), effective on September 16, 2020 under which stock options and restricted stock may be granted to officers, directors, employees and consultants in the form of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock-options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock bonus awards, performance compensation awards (including cash bonus awards) or any combination of the foregoing. Under the 2021 Plan, the Company reserved 1.5 million shares of common stock for issuance. As of December 31, 2023, 0.7 million shares have been issued and 0.8 million options to purchase shares have been awarded under the 2021 Plan.

2023 Plan

The Company’s board of directors and shareholders approved and adopted on February 28, 2023 the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (“2023 Plan”) under which stock options and restricted stock may be granted to officers, directors, employees and consultants in the form of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock-options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock Units, stock bonus awards, performance compensation awards (including cash bonus awards) or any combination of the foregoing. Under the 2023 Plan, the Company reserved 2.5 million shares of common stock for issuance. As of December 31, 2023, 2.4 million shares have been issued and 0.1 million option to purchase shares have been awarded under the 2023 Plan.

2024 Plan

The Company’s board of directors and shareholders approved and adopted on December 20, 2023 the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (“2024 Plan”) under which stock options and restricted stock may be granted to officers, directors, employees and consultants in the form of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock-options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock Units, stock bonus awards, performance compensation awards (including cash

bonus awards) or any combination of the foregoing. Under the 2024 Plan, the Company reserved 7.5 million shares of common stock for issuance. As of December 31, 2023, no shares have been issued under the 2024 Plan.

Common Stock Issuances

On January 3, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 1.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of the pre-funded warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the pre-funded warrants a total of 1.2 million warrants were exercised.

On January 6, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 39.6 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the fourth quarter of 2022. The Company accrued for the liability as of December 31, 2021.

On January 18, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 30.0 thousand shares of common stock of the Company to a consultant that assisted with the acquisition of SuperFit Foods and Pokemoto, with an aggregate fair value amount of $15.6 thousand. The Company accrued for the liability as of December 31, 2021.

On February 24, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 1.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of the pre-funded warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the pre-funded warrants a total of 1.2 million warrants were exercised.

On March 31, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the first quarter of 2022.

On April 4, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of 20.0 thousand shares of common stock to a member of the executive team per the employment agreement.

On June 8, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of 5.0 thousand shares of common stock to a contractor for work done at a Company owned location.

On June 30, 2022, the Company recognized 30.9 thousand shares of common stock for book purpose to reconcile the shares outstanding to the transfer agent report.

On July 14, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the second quarter of 2022.

On October 12, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the third quarter of 2022.

On November 29, 2022, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.4 million shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of pre-funded warrants.

On January 5, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 31.3 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the fourth quarter of 2022.

On March 27, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 2.8 million shares of common stock to a Aggia for services rendered.

On April 5, 2023 the Company authorized the issuance of 29.7 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the first quarter of 2023.

On May 10, 2023 the Company authorized the issuance of 0.1 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

On May 25, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 2.7 million shares of common stock to Aggia for services rendered.

On June 30, 2023, the Company vested 0.9 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

On July 11, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 32.9 thousand shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the second quarter of 2023.

On July 14, 2023, the Company issued 8.9 million Restricted Share Awards to Aggia, with an effective issuance date of April 1, 2023.

On July 27, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 2.2 million shares of common stock to Altium in exchange for the exercise of warrants.

On August 15, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.1 million shares of common stock to a consultant for services rendered.

On September 25, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.2 million shares of common stock in fees to a consultant for services rendered related to the SEPA.

On September 30, 2023, the Company vested 0.5 million shares of common stock to to a consultant for services rendered.

On October 2, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the third quarter of 2023.

On October 20, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.1 million shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered.

On November 6, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.1 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On November 14, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On November 29, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On December 13, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.3 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On December 19, 2023, the Company authorized the issuance of 0.3 million shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of note payables.

On December 31, 2023, the Company vested 0.2 million shares of common stock to Aggia as consulting fees earned during the fourth quarter of 2023.

Change in fair value of stock-based compensation on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss is made up of the difference between the agreed upon issuance price, per the servicing agreement with Aggia and the market price on the day of issuance. For the year ended December 31, 2023, Change in fair value of stock-based compensation was $1.3 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022, Change in fair value of stock-based compensation was nil.

Restricted Share Awards

Per Addendum 2, on July 14, 2023, the Company issued Restricted Share Awards ("RSA's") to Aggia. These RSA are considered issued as of the effective date on April 1, 2023. Pursuant to the Services Agreement these RSA's vest on a progressive schedule, at a rate equal to the Net Income of Sadot Agri-Foods, calculated quarterly divided by $3.125, which for accounting purposes shall equal 40% of the net income of Sadot Agri-Foods, calculated quarterly divided by $1.25. Shares shall be considered issued and outstanding as of the Addendum Date and Aggia shall hold rights associated with such Shares; provided, however, Shares not earned or purchased may not be transferred, offered, pledged, sold, subject to a contract to sell, granted any options for the sale of or otherwise disposed of, directly or indirectly. The total RSA's vested for Aggia in 2023 were 2.1 million.

On December 19, 2023, the Company issued 2.0 million RSA's to certain members of the board of directors, consultants and employees. Total RSA vested as a result of the departure of certain members of the board of directors were 0.2 million for 2023. The remaining RSA vest ratably over 12 quarters with the first vesting starting on March 31, 2024.

At December 31, 2023, there were 9.1 million restricted share awards outstanding.

A summary of the activity related to the restricted share awards is presented below:

	Total	Weighted-average grant date fair value
		$
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	—	—
Granted	20,000	0.54
Forfeited	—	—
Vested	(20,000)	0.54
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	—	—
Granted	10,878,052	1.25
Forfeited	—	—
Vested	(1,779,285)	1.25
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	9,098,767	—

See Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies for further details on Restricted Share Awards.

Warrant and Option Valuation

The Company has computed the fair value of warrants and options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The expected term used for warrants and options issued to non-employees is the contractual life. The Company is utilizing an expected volatility figure based on a review of the historical volatilities, over a period of time, equivalent to the expected term of the instrument being valued, of similarly positioned public companies within its industry. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining term consistent with the expected term of the instrument being valued.

Options

On May 2, 2022, the Company, pursuant to the employment agreements, issued options to purchase an aggregate of 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The options had an exercise price of $0.41 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on June 30, 2022.

On October 10, 2022, the Company issued options to purchase 25.0 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock. The options had an exercise price of $0.41 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring on December 31, 2023.

On August 29, 2022, there were 25.0 thousand shares forfeited upon the departure of an officer.

On February 27, 2023, the Company issued options to purchase an aggregate of 0.5 million shares of the Company's common stock to officers and directors. The options had an exercise price of $1.51 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring March 31, 2023.

On March 15, 2023, the Company issued options to purchase 0.1 million shares of the Company's common stock. The options had an exercise price of $1.51 per share and vest ratably over 20 quarters with the first vesting occurring March 31, 2023.

On November 27, 2023, there were 0.1 million shares forfeited upon the expiration of the options.

On December 21, 2023, there were 0.1 million shares forfeited upon the departure of board members.

A summary of option activity is presented below:

	Weighted-average exercise price	Number of options	Weighted-average remaining life (in years)	Aggregate intrinsic value
	$			$’000
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	5.00	100,000	1.91	—
Issued	0.41	337,500	4.40	12
Exercised	—	—	N/A	—
Forfeited	—	(25,000)	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	1.52	412,500	3.53	—
Expected to vest, December 31, 2022	0.41	296,875	5.21	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2022	3.59	144,375	1.98	—
Issued	1.51	600,000	5.42	156
Exercised	—	—	N/A	—
Forfeited	3.40	(185,000)	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2023	1.09	827,500	4.26	—
Expected to vest, December 31, 2023	1.14	605,609	4.23	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2023	0.98	221,891	4.34	—

The Company has estimated the fair value of the options using the Black-Scholes model using the following assumptions:

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Risk free interest rate	3.54-4.93%
Expected term (years)	5
Expected volatility	53.99-69.02%
Expected dividends	—

Warrants

On January 3, 2022, the Company issued 1.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of the pre-funded warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the pre-funded warrants a total of 1.2 million warrants were exercised.

On February 24, 2022, the Company issued 1.2 million shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of the pre-funded warrants. Pursuant to the terms of the pre-funded warrants a total of 1.2 million warrants were exercised.

On November 29, 2022, the Company issued 0.4 million shares of common stock in connection with the exercising of pre-funded warrants for $44.

Warrant Exercise Agreement

On July 27, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into a Warrant Exercise Agreement (the “Exercise Agreement”) with Altium Growth Fund Ltd. (the “Exercising Holder”), the holder of outstanding warrants to purchase 2.2 million shares of common stock of the Company issued in November 2021 (collectively, the “Original Warrants”), whereby the Exercising Holder exercised the Original Warrants in consideration of 2.2 million shares of common stock (the “Shares”). The Company received aggregate gross proceeds before expenses of approximately $2.2 million. In order to induce the Exercising Holder to exercise the Original Warrants, the Company reduced the exercise price on the Original Warrants from $1.385 to $1.00 per share.

In connection with the exercise of the Original Warrants, we issued an additional warrant to Altium that is exercisable to acquire 2.2 million shares of common stock (the “Additional Warrant”) exercisable at a per share price of $2.40.

Additional Warrants Issued

In connection with the exercise of the Original Warrants, the Company issued an additional warrant to the Exercising Holder that is exercisable for the number of shares of common stock equal to one hundred percent of the Shares purchased by the Exercising Holder (the “Additional Warrant”). The Additional Warrant is substantially identical to the Original Warrants, except that the exercise price of the Additional Warrant is $2.40. The Company is obligated to file a registration statement covering the shares of common stock underlying the warrants within 30 days and to have the registration statement declared effective within 90 days after filing with the Commission.

A summary of warrants activity is presented below:

	Weighted-average exercise price	Number of Warrants	Weighted-average remaining life (in years)	Aggregate intrinsic value
	$			$’000
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	1.66	20,284,016	4.0	—
Issued	2.01	597,819	N/A	—
Exercised	0.01	(2,848,195)	N/A	—
Forfeited	—	—	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	1.93	18,033,640	3.5	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2022	1.93	18,033,640	3.5	—
Issued	2.40	2,153,309	2.9	—
Exercised	1.00	(2,153,309)	2.9	215
Forfeited	4.36	(653,750)	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2023	1.97	17,379,890	2.6	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2023	1.97	17,379,890	2.6	—

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation related to restricted stock issued to employees, directors and consultants, warrants and warrants to consultants amounted to $6.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, of which $5.4 million and $3.6 million were stock-based consulting expenses paid to related party, $0.5 million and $36.0 thousand were given to consultants for services rendered, $0.3 million and $0.1 million were given to the board of directors and $0.1 million and $21.4 thousand were executive compensation.

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Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

20.    Related Party Transactions

The Company held a Special Shareholder Meeting on February 28, 2023. Of the 29.3 million shares of Common Stock outstanding on January 19, 2023, the record date, 17.2 million shares were represented at the Special Shareholder Meeting, in person or by proxy, constituting a quorum. At the meeting, the shareholders approved (i) the Services Agreement whereby Sadot LLC engaged Aggia, to provide certain advisory services to Sadot Agri-Foods for managing Sadot Agri-Foods’ business of wholesaling food and engaging in the purchase and sale of physical food commodities (the “Sadot Agri-Foods Transaction”); (ii) an amendment of the Company’s articles of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 50.0 million to 150.0 million and an additional increase from 150.0 million to 200.0 million; (iii) for purposes of complying with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(b), the issuance of the Shares pursuant to the Services Agreement entered between the Company, Sadot LLC and Aggia representing more than 20% of our common stock outstanding, which would result in a “change of control” of the Company under applicable Nasdaq listing rules; (iv) for purposes of complying with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c), the issuance of up to 14.4 million Shares of Common Stock to Aggia pursuant to the Services Agreement and net income generated thresholds; (v) the right of Aggia to nominate up to eight directors to the Board of Directors subject to achieving net income thresholds as set forth in the Services Agreement; and (vi) the adoption of the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan.

In April of 2023, the Company recognized a related party relationship between newly appointed directors of the Company and Aggia. As of December 31, 2023, Aggia owned 25.2% of the Company's commons stock.

During the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded Stock-based consulting expense of $5.4 million and $3.6 million, respectively to its related party, Aggia for consulting services rendered.

Additionally, for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company reimbursed Aggia for all operating costs related to Sadot Agri-Foods of $3.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

The Company will continue to monitor and evaluate its related party transactions to ensure that they are conducted in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders.

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Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

21.    Subsequent Events

Common Stock

On January 4, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of an aggregate of 0.1 million shares of common stock to the members of the board of directors as compensation earned during the fourth quarter of 2023. The Company accrued for the liability as of December 31, 2023.

Convertible Notes

On January 8, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

On January 11, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

On January 22, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

On January 29, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock.

On February 16, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.1 million into 0.3 million shares of the Company's common stock.

On March 15, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of $0.2 million into 0.6 million shares of the Company's common stock.

Brokerage agreement

On February 23, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with a brokerage firm to have the exclusive rights to offer and sell the Sadot food services segment of the Company.

XML

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net loss	$ (7,824)	$ (7,962)

XML

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

XML

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). The accounting policies used to prepare these financial statements are the same as those used to prepare the consolidated financial statements in prior years, except as described in these notes or for the adoption of new standards as outlined below.

Principles of Consolidation and Non-controlling Interests

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and majority-owned subsidiary. Any intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Non-controlling Interests

The Company consolidates entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. The Company consolidates subsidiaries in which the Company holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting rights. Non-controlling interests represent third-party equity ownership interests in the Company’s consolidated entities. The amount of net income attributable to Non-controlling interests is disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain prior year balances have been reclassified in order to conform to current year presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the previously reported results of operations or loss per share.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.

Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates include:

•the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets, including property and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets;

•the estimated useful lives of intangible and depreciable assets;

•estimates and assumptions used to value warrants and options;

•the recognition of revenue; and

•the recognition, measurement and valuation of current and deferred income taxes.

Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed, and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period that they are determined to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023 or 2022.

Inventory

Inventory

Inventory, which are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, related to our, perishable food items and supplies related to our Food service operations of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, and raw materials, supplies and harvested crops related to our farming operations of $2.4 million and nil as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable is stated at historical carrying amounts net of write-offs and allowances for uncollectible accounts. The Company establishes allowances for uncollectible trade accounts receivable based on lifetime expected credit losses using an aging schedule for each pool of accounts receivable. Pools are determined based on risk characteristics such as the type of receivable and geography. A default rate is derived using a provision matrix which is evaluated on a regular basis by management and based on past experience and other factors. The default rate is then applied to the pool to determine the allowance for expected credit losses. Given the short-term nature of the Company's trade accounts receivable, the default rate is only adjusted if significant changes in the credit profile of the portfolio are identified (e.g., poor crop years, credit issues at the country level, systematic risk), resulting in historic loss rates that are not representative of forecasted losses. Uncollectible accounts are written off when a settlement is reached for an amount that is less than the outstanding historical balance or when the Company has determined that collection of the balance is unlikely.

Purchase of Farmland

Purchase of Farmland

On May 16, 2023, the Company through its wholly owned subsidiary, Sadot LLC, entered into a Purchase of Right and Variation Agreement (the “Variation Agreement”) with Zamproagro Limited, a Liberian corporation (“ZPG”) and Cropit Farming Limited, a Zambian corporation (“Cropit”) pursuant to which ZPG assigned all of its rights, liabilities and obligations of the Put and Call Option Agreement Over Land entered between ZPG and Cropit dated December 29, 2022 (the “Put Land Agreement”) to Sadot LLC, which provided ZPG with a one year call option to acquire 70% of 4,942 acres

(2,000 hectares) of producing agricultural land along with buildings and related assets located within the Mkushi Farm Block of Zambia’s Region II agricultural zone (the “Farm”) for a purchase price of approximately $8.5 million.

On May 16, 2023, Sadot LLC and Cropit entered into Joint Venture Shareholders Agreement pursuant to which the parties agreed to form a new entity in Zambia to serve as a joint venture with respect to the farming of the Farm. The joint venture is named Sadot Enterprises Limited (“Sadot Zambia”) with Sadot LLC holding 70% of the equity and Cropit holding 30% of the equity. Sadot Zambia will hold 100% of the Farm. Sadot LLC and Cropit each appointed one director to the Board of Directors of Sadot Zambia. Further, Sadot LLC contributed $3.5 million into escrow for the primary purpose of discharging a loan secured by the Farm held by ABSA Bank.

On May 16, 2023, Sadot LLC, Cropit and Chibesakunda & Co., as escrow agent (the “Escrow Agent”) entered into an Escrow Agreement pursuant to which the Escrow Agent held all documentation required to allot Sadot LLC 70% of Sadot Zambia, documentation required to transfer the Farm to Sadot Zambia and $3.5 million contributed by Sadot LLC. Upon closing and completion of the asset acquisition of the farmland and some related property equipment, on August 23, 2023, the Escrow Agent released the required funds to ABSA Bank and released the required documentation with respect to the allocation of Sadot LLC’s interest in Sadot Zambia and the transfer of the Farm.

The asset acquisition consisted of property and equipment of $8.5 million. Cropit contributed land of $3.7 million for its non-controlling interest in the joint venture. The property and equipment that were purchased in the asset acquisition are as follows:

	As of
	August 23, 2023
	$’000
Furniture and Equipment	211
Vehicles	203
Land and Land Improvements	11,766
	12,180

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated Depreciation and amortization expenses. Major improvements are capitalized, and minor replacements, maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization expenses are calculated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the lease term of the related asset. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Furniture and Equipment	3 – 7 years
Leasehold Improvements	1 – 8 years
Vehicles	5 – 10 years
Land Improvements	3 – 20 years

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

The Company accounts for recorded intangible assets in accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC’) 350 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other”. In accordance with ASC 350, the Company does not amortize intangible assets having indefinite useful lives. The Company’s goodwill has an indefinite life and is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment at least annually, or more often whenever changes in facts and circumstances may indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. ASC 350 requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value. Significant judgment is required to estimate the fair value of

reporting units which includes estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and/or goodwill impairment.

The useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are:

Franchise license	10 years
Trademark	5 years
Proprietary recipes	7 years

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

When circumstances, such as adverse market conditions, indicate that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may be impaired, the Company performs an analysis to review the recoverability of the asset’s carrying value, which includes estimating the undiscounted cash flows (excluding interest charges) from the expected future operations of the asset. These estimates consider factors such as expected future operating income, operating trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. If the analysis indicates that the carrying value is not recoverable from future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Any impairment losses are recorded as operating expenses, which reduce net income.

Convertible Instruments

Convertible Instruments

The Company evaluates its convertible instruments to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with Topic 815 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

If the instrument is determined not to be a derivative liability, the Company then evaluates for the existence of a beneficial conversion feature by comparing the market price of the Company’s common stock as of the commitment date to the effective conversion price of the instrument.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company deemed the conversion feature related to notes payable was not required to be bifurcated and recorded as a derivative liability.

Related Parties

Related Parties

A party is considered to be related to the Company if the party directly, indirectly, or through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. A party which can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or if it has an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests is also a related party.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenues consist of Commodity sales, Restaurant sales, Franchise royalties and fees, Franchise advertising fund contributions, and Other revenues. The Company recognizes revenues according to Topic 606 of FASB, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. Under the guidance, revenue is recognized in accordance with a five-step revenue model, as follows: (1) identifying the contract with the customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (5) recognizing revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In applying this five-step model, we made significant

judgments in identifying the promised goods or services in our contracts with franchisees that are distinct, and which represent separate performance obligations.

Commodity Sales

Commodity sale revenue is generated by Sadot Agri-Foods and is recognized when the commodity is delivered as evidenced by delivery and the invoice is prepared and submitted to the customer. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded Commodity sales revenues of $717.5 million and $150.6 million, respectively, which is included in Commodity sales on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Restaurant Sales

Retail store revenue at Sadot Food Service is recognized when payment is tendered at the point of sale, net of sales tax, discounts and other sales related taxes. The Company recorded retail store revenues of $8.1 million and $10.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in Restaurant sales on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The Company sells gift cards which do not have an expiration date, and it does not deduct dormancy fees from outstanding gift card balances. The Company recognizes revenues from gift cards as restaurant revenues once the Company performs its obligation to provide food and beverage to the customer simultaneously with the redemption of the gift card or through gift card breakage, as discussed in Other revenues below.

Franchise Royalties and Fees

Franchise revenues consists of royalties, initial franchise fees and rebates. Royalties are based on a percentage of franchisee net sales revenue. The Company recognizes the royalties as the underlying sales occur. The Company recorded revenue from royalties of $1.0 million and $0.7 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in Franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The Company provides the franchisees with management expertise, training, pre-opening assistance, and restaurant operating assistance in exchange for the multi-unit development fees and initial franchise fees. The Company capitalizes these fees upon collection from the franchisee. These initial fees are then recognized as franchise fee revenue on a straight-line basis over the life of the related franchise agreements and any exercised renewal periods. Cash payments are due upon the execution of the related franchise agreement. The Company’s performance obligation with respect to franchise fee revenues consists of a license to utilize the Company’s brand for a specified period of time, which is satisfied equally over the life of each franchise agreement. If a franchise location closes or a franchise agreement is terminated for any reason, the unrecognized revenue will be recognized in full at that time. The Company recorded revenue from initial franchise fees of $0.2 million and $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in Franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The Company has supply agreements with certain food and beverage vendors. Pursuant to the terms of these agreements, rebates are provided to the Company based upon the dollar volume of purchases for all company-owned and franchised restaurants from these vendors. Rebates earned on purchases by franchise stores are recorded as revenue during the period in which the related food and beverage purchases are made. The Company recorded revenue from rebates of $0.1 million and $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in Franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Rebates earned on purchases by Company-owned stores are recorded as a reduction of Food and beverage costs during the period in which the related food and beverage purchases are made.

Franchise Advertising Fund Contributions

Under the Company’s franchise agreements, the Company and its franchisees are required to contribute a certain percentage of revenues to a national advertising fund. The Company’s national advertising services are provided on a

system-wide basis and therefore, not considered distinct performance obligations for individual franchisees. In accordance with Topic 606, the Company recognizes these sales-based advertising contributions from franchisees as franchise revenue when the underlying franchisee Company incurs the corresponding advertising expense. The Company records the related advertising expenses as incurred under Sales, general and administrative expenses. When an advertising contribution fund is over-spent at year-end, advertising expenses will be reported on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss in an amount that is greater than the revenue recorded for advertising contributions. Conversely, when an advertising contribution fund is under-spent at a year-end, the Company will accrue advertising costs up to advertising contributions recorded in revenue. The Company recorded contributions from franchisees of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, which are included in Franchise advertising fund contributions on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Other Revenues

Gift card breakage is recognized when the likelihood of a gift card being redeemed by the customer is remote and the Company determines there is not a legal obligation to remit the unredeemed gift card balance to the relevant jurisdiction. The determination of the gift card breakage rate is based upon the Company’s specific historical redemption patterns. Gift card liability is recorded in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recorded $13.0 thousand and $5.0 thousand for gift card breakage for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue primarily includes initial franchise fees received by the Company and revenue from forward sales contracts. Deferred revenue related to Sadot food services is recognized in income over the life of the franchise. If a franchise location closes or a franchise agreement is terminated for any reason, the remaining deferred revenue will be recognized in full at that time. Deferred revenue related to Sadot Agri-Foods is recognized at the completion of the commodity forward sales contract agreements.

Stock-Based Expenses

Stock-Based Expenses

Stock-based expenses include all expenses that are paid with stock. This includes stock-based consulting fees due to Aggia and other consultants, stock compensation paid to the Company's board of directors, and stock compensation paid to employees. The consulting fees due to Aggia related to ongoing Sadot Agri-Foods and expansion of the global agri-commodities business. Based on the initial Services Agreement with Aggia LLC FZ, a Company formed under the laws of United Arab Emirates (“Aggia”), the consulting fees were calculated at approximately 80.0% of the Net Income generated by Sadot Agri-Foods through March 31, 2023. As of April 1, 2023 the consulting agreement was amended to calculate consulting fees on 40.0% of the Net income generated by Sadot LLC. See Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies for further details. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, $6.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively, are recorded as Stock-based expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. For employees and directors, the fair value of the award is measured on the grant date and for non-employees, the fair value of the award is generally recorded on the grant date and re-measured on financial reporting dates and vesting dates until the service period is complete. The fair value amount of the award is then recognized over the period services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period.

Advertising

Advertising

Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred. Advertising costs of $1.3 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are included in Sales, general and administrative expenses and $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, are included in Cost of goods sold in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Net Loss per Share

Net Loss per Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc. by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus the impact of potential common shares, if dilutive, resulting from the exercise of warrants, options or the conversion of convertible notes payable.

The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average diluted common shares at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	December 31,
	2023	2022
	('000	('000
Warrants	17,380	18,033
Options	828	413
RSAs	8,643	—
Convertible debt	9,238	24
Total potentially dilutive shares	36,089	18,470

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and dilutive net loss per share attributable to the Company’s

stockholders:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
(In thousands, except for share count and per share data)
Net loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(7,824)	(7,962)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic	34,940,559	28,558,586
Effect of potentially dilutive stock options	—	—
Diluted	34,940,559	28,558,586
Net loss per share attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.:
Basic	(0.22)	(0.28)
Diluted	(0.22)	(0.28)

Major Vendor

Major Vendor

The Company engages various vendors to purchase commodities for resale and distribute food products to their Company-owned restaurants. Purchases from the Company’s largest commodity supplier totaled 88% for the year ended December 31, 2023. Purchases from the Company’s largest food service supplier totaled 33% for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Derivative Instruments

Derivative Instruments

The Company is exposed to market risks primarily related to the volatility in the price of carbon credits and soybeans. To manage these risks, the Company enters into forward sales contracts to sell carbon offset units from time to time. The Company evaluates its contracts to determine if such contracts qualify as derivatives under FASB Accounting ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). Derivative instruments are recorded as either assets or liabilities measured at their fair values. As the Company’s existing contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, any changes in fair value are recorded as Gain / (loss) on fair value remeasurement within “Other income / (expense)” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss for each reporting period. Derivative assets and liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument is probable within the next 12 months from the balance sheet date. The Company does not offset its derivative assets and

liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are recorded as an adjustment to operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows.

Refer to Fair Value of Financial Instruments below, Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies and Note 18 – Financial instruments for additional information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments.

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value and then are subsequently remeasured to fair value at the reporting date. Forward sales contracts are derivatives that were purchased and sold at a later date at a fixed or determinable price for a specified period. Changes in fair value are recognized in Gain / (loss) on fair value remeasurement in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss, as appropriate.

We use derivative financial instruments primarily for purposes of hedging exposures to fluctuations in agricultural commodity prices. We enter into these derivative contracts for periods consistent with the related underlying exposures, and the contracts do not constitute positions independent of those exposures. We do not enter into derivative contracts for speculative purposes and do not use leveraged instruments.

We record all open contract positions on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value and typically do not offset these assets and liabilities. There were two open positions at December 31, 2023.

Cash flows from derivative contracts are included in Net cash provided by operating activities.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the guidance of the FASB Accounting ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”).

ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable.

Level 3 — inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and credit carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to impact taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.

Tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return are recorded in the Company’s financial statements. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is only recognized if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Uncertain tax positions have had no impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company does not expect any significant changes in its unrecognized tax benefits within years of the reporting date.

The Company’s policy is to classify assessments, if any, for tax related interest as interest expense and penalties as Sales, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

Currency Translation Differences

Currency Translation Differences

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of Company's at the average foreign exchange rates for income and expenses. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency at the foreign exchange rate ruling as of the reporting period end date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are stated at fair value are translated to the functional currency at foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates the fair value was determined. Foreign exchange differences arising on translation are recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss.

The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including farm operations and fair value adjustments arising on consolidation, are translated to the Company’s reporting currency, United States Dollars, at foreign exchange rates at the

reporting date. On a monthly basis, for subsidiaries whose functional currency is a currency other than the U.S. dollar, subsidiary statements of income and cash flows must be translated into U.S. dollars for consolidation purposes based on weighted-average exchange rates in each monthly period. As a result, fluctuations of local currencies compared to the U.S. dollar during each monthly period impact our consolidated statements of income and cash flows for each reported period (per quarter and year-to-date) and also affect comparisons between those reported periods.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires companies to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use leased assets on the Balance Sheets and to disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Qualitative and quantitative disclosures will be enhanced to better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted.

Additionally, in 2018 and 2019, the FASB issued the following Topic 842–related ASUs:

•ASU 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, which clarifies the applicability of Topic 842 to land easements and provides an optional transition practical expedient for existing land easements;

•ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which makes certain technical corrections to Topic 842;

•ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which allows companies to adopt Topic 842 without revising comparative period reporting or disclosures and provides an optional practical expedient to lessors to not separate lease and non-lease components of a contract if certain criteria are met; and

•ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements, which provides guidance for certain lessors on determining the fair value of an underlying asset in a lease and on the cash flow statement presentation of lease payments received; ASU No. 2019-01 also clarifies disclosures required in interim periods after adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 in the year of adoption.

The Company adopted Topic 842 as of January 1, 2022 and recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit of $15.0 thousand as of the adoption date, and recognized an additional $7.8 thousand during the second quarter of 2022, based on updated information on two of our leases, for an aggregate cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit of $22.8 thousand. See Note 11 – Leases for further details.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08 Business Combinations (“Topic 805”): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. The ASU requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, as if it had originated the contracts. Under the current business combinations guidance, such assets and liabilities were recognized by the acquirer at fair value on the acquisition date. The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended subsequently by ASUs 2018-19, 2019-04, 2019-05, 2019-10, 2019-11 and 2020-03. The guidance in the ASUs requires that credit losses be reported using an expected losses model rather than the incurred losses model that is currently used. The standard also establishes additional disclosures related to credit risks. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2023 did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06 Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. Among other changes, ASU 2020-06 removes the liability and equity separation model for convertible instruments with a cash conversion feature, and as a result, after adoption, entities will no longer separately present in equity an embedded conversion feature for such debt. Similarly, the embedded conversion feature will no longer be amortized into income as interest expense over the life of the instrument. Instead, entities will account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt unless (1) a convertible instrument contains features that require bifurcation as a derivative under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or (2) a convertible debt instrument was issued at a substantial premium. Additionally, ASU 2020-06 requires the application of the if-converted method to calculate the impact of convertible instruments on diluted earnings per share and updates the disclosure requirements in ASC 470-20, making them easier to understand for financial statement preparers and improving the decision-usefulness and relevance of the information for financial statement users. The Company early adopted the new guidance from January 1, 2023, noting no material impact.

In April 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt— Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options” (“ASU 2021-04”) to clarify the accounting by issuers for modifications or exchanges of equity-classified warrants. The new ASU is effective for all entities in fiscal years starting after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the new guidance from January 1, 2023, noting no material impact.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). The standard requires incremental disclosures related to reportable segments, including disaggregated expense information and the title and position of the company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), as identified for purposes of segment determination. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities must adopt the changes to the segment reporting guidance on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

The Company evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation and transactions, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the Financial Statements, except as disclosed in Note 21 – Subsequent events.

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Business Organization and Nature of Operations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule Of Liquidity

We measure our liquidity in a number of ways, including the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Cash	1,354	9,898
Accounts Receivable, net	52,920	135
Inventory	2,561	298
Other current assets(1)	56,016	317
Total current assets	112,851	10,648
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	50,167	1,953
Accrued stock-based compensation expense, related party	—	3,603
Notes payable, net	6,531	222
Other current liabilities(2)	47,884	837
Total current liabilities	104,582	6,615
Working capital(3)	8,269	4,033
Current ratio(4)	1.08	1.61

(1) Consists of Prepaid expenses and other current assets, Prepaid forward on carbon offsets, Forward sales derivatives and Notes receivable, current

(2) Consists of Operating lease liability, current, Deferred revenue, current and Other current liabilities

(3) Working Capital is defined as Total current assets less Total current liabilities

(4) Current ratio is defined as Total current assets divided by Total current liabilities

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The property and equipment that were purchased in the asset acquisition are as follows:

	As of
	August 23, 2023
	$’000
Furniture and Equipment	211
Vehicles	203
Land and Land Improvements	11,766
	12,180

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Furniture and Equipment	3 – 7 years
Leasehold Improvements	1 – 8 years
Vehicles	5 – 10 years
Land Improvements	3 – 20 years

As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, Property and equipment consist of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Furniture and equipment	1,026	1,266
Vehicles	270	55
Leasehold improvements	877	2,062
Land and land improvements	11,766	—
Construction in process	—	5
Property and equipment, gross	13,939	3,388
Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,056)	(1,493)
Property and equipment, net	12,883	1,895

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

The useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are:

Franchise license	10 years
Trademark	5 years
Proprietary recipes	7 years

Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share

The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average diluted common shares at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	December 31,
	2023	2022
	('000	('000
Warrants	17,380	18,033
Options	828	413
RSAs	8,643	—
Convertible debt	9,238	24
Total potentially dilutive shares	36,089	18,470

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and dilutive net loss per share attributable to the Company’s

stockholders:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
(In thousands, except for share count and per share data)
Net loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(7,824)	(7,962)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic	34,940,559	28,558,586
Effect of potentially dilutive stock options	—	—
Diluted	34,940,559	28,558,586
Net loss per share attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.:
Basic	(0.22)	(0.28)
Diluted	(0.22)	(0.28)

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Allowance for Credit Losses on Accounts Receivable (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Credit Loss [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, a summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable appears below:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Balance at beginning of period	23	—
Adjustments related to Sadot food services	72	23
Adjustments related to Sadot agri-foods	78	—
Customer accounts written off, net of recoveries	—	—
Balance at end of period	173	23

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Other Current Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Current Assets

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s other current assets consists of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Prepaid expenses	766	89
Other receivables	7	228
Contract assets - current	47,180	—
Forward sales derivative	1,491	—
Notes receivable, current	148	—
Prepaid forward on carbon offsets	6,424	—
Other current assets	56,016	317

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Other Non-Current Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Assets, Noncurrent

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s other non-current assets consists of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Security deposit	76	103
Notes receivable, non-current	26	—
Contract assets, non-current	46,340	—
Other non-current assets	46,442	103

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Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Furniture and Equipment	3 – 7 years
Leasehold Improvements	1 – 8 years
Vehicles	5 – 10 years
Land Improvements	3 – 20 years

As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, Property and equipment consist of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Furniture and equipment	1,026	1,266
Vehicles	270	55
Leasehold improvements	877	2,062
Land and land improvements	11,766	—
Construction in process	—	5
Property and equipment, gross	13,939	3,388
Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,056)	(1,493)
Property and equipment, net	12,883	1,895

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill

A summary of the intangible assets is presented below:

	Intangible assets, net at December 31, 2021	Impairment of intangible assets	Amortization expense	Intangible assets, net at December 31, 2022	Impairment of intangible assets	Amortization expense	Intangible assets, net at December 31, 2023
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Trademark Muscle Maker Grill	1,526	(347)	(509)	670	(419)	(251)	—
Franchise Agreements Muscle Maker Grill	163	—	(27)	136	(116)	(20)	—
Trademark SuperFit	38	—	(9)	29	(22)	(7)	—
Domain Name SuperFit	106	—	(25)	81	(62)	(19)	—
Customer List SuperFit	118	—	(28)	90	(70)	(20)	—
Proprietary Recipes SuperFit	135	—	(32)	103	(79)	(24)	—
Non-Compete Agreement SuperFit	194	—	(87)	107	(43)	(64)	—
Trademark Pokemoto	153	—	(35)	118	—	(35)	83
Franchisee License Pokemoto	2,599	—	(277)	2,322	—	(277)	2,045
Proprietary Recipes Pokemoto	1,028	—	(161)	867	—	(162)	705
Non-Compete Agreement Pokemoto	328	—	(240)	88	—	(88)	—
	6,388	(347)	(1,430)	4,611	(811)	(967)	2,833

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense

The estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	Thereafter	Total
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Trademark Pokemoto	35	35	13	—	—	—	83
Franchisee License Pokemoto	278	277	277	277	277	659	2,045
Proprietary Recipes Pokemoto	162	161	161	161	60	—	705
	475	473	451	438	337	659	2,833

Schedule of Goodwill

A summary of the goodwill assets is presented below:

	Muscle Maker Grill	Pokemoto	SuperFit Food	Total
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Goodwill, net at December 31, 2021	570	1,798	258	2,626
Impairment of goodwill	—	—	—	—
Goodwill, net at December 31, 2022	570	1,798	258	2,626
Impairment of goodwill	(570)	—	(258)	(828)
Goodwill, net at December 31, 2023	—	1,798	—	1,798

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Accounts Payables and Accrued Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accounts payables and accrued expenses consist of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Accounts payable	3,488	1,085
Accrued payroll and bonuses	756	551
Accrued expenses	204	87
Accrued interest expenses	77	—
Accrued professional fees	255	185
Accounts payable commodities	45,342	—
Accrued purchases	17	—
Sales taxes payable	28	45
	50,167	1,953

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Notes Payable (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

The maturities of notes payable as of December 31, 2023, are as follows:

	Principal Amount
	$’000
1/1/24-12/31/24	6,687
1/1/25-12/31/25	79
1/1/26-12/31/26	543
1/1/27-12/31/27	—
Thereafter	—
	7,309

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Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Assets And Liabilities, Lessee

The Company's assets and liabilities related to the Company’s leases were as follows:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Assets
Right to use asset	1,284	2,433
Liabilities
Operating leases – current	385	560
Operating leases – non-current	1,027	2,019
Total lease liabilities	1,412	2,579

Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity

The table below presents the future minimum lease payments under the noncancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2023:

	Operating Leases
	$’000
Fiscal Year:
2023	—
2024	529
2025	378
2026	239
2027	245
2028	184
Thereafter	304
Total lease payments	1,879
Less imputed interest	(467)
Present value of lease liabilities	1,412

Lease, Cost

The Company’s lease term and discount rates were as follows:

	As of December 31, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases	4.86
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases	12.0	%

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Deferred Revenue (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Contract with Customer, Contract Asset, Contract Liability, and Receivable

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, deferred revenue consists of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Deferred revenues, net	2,784	1,371
Less: deferred revenue, current	(1,229)	(95)
Deferred revenues, non-current	1,555	1,276

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Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consist of the following:

	As of
	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	$’000	$’000
Gift card liability	13	25
Co-op advertising fund liability	114	79
Marketing development brand liability	68	35
Advertising fund liability	29	43
Contract liabilities, current	46,046	—
	46,270	182

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented below:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
	$’000	$’000
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	11,890	10,615
Receivable allowance	37	5
Stock-based compensation	20	15
Intangible assets	727	314
163(j) adjustment	100	—
Accrued expenses	106	—
Capitalized costs	4	—
Deferred revenues	310	204
Leases	301	32
Gross deferred tax asset	13,495	11,185
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(60)	(160)
Leases	(274)	—
Unrealized gains	(317)	—
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(651)	(160)
Net deferred tax assets	12,844	11,025
Valuation allowance	(12,844)	(11,025)
Net deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance	—	—

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The income tax (benefit) / expense for the periods shown consist of the following:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2023	2022
	$’000	$’000
Federal:
Current	—	—
Deferred	—	—
State and local:
Current	(15)	25
Deferred	—	—
	(15)	25
Change in valuation allowance	—	—
Income tax (benefit) /expense	(15)	25

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the periods shown, are as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Federal income tax benefit at statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income tax benefit, net of federal impact	1.1	%	(0.5)	%
Permanent differences	(0.3)	%	(0.1)	%
PPP loan forgiveness	—	%	0.4	%
Return to provision adjustments	0.5	%	3.3	%
Deferred tax asset true up- State	—	%	(14.5)	%
Warrant modification expense	(2.5)	%	—	%
Fair value gain/loss on share issuance	3.6	%	—	%
Deferred tax asset true up- Federal	—	%	(6.8)	%
Change in valuation allowance	(23.2)	%	(3.3)	%
Effective income tax rate	0.2	%	(0.5)	%

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REPORTABLE OPERATING SEGMENTS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

The following table sets forth the results of operations for the relevant segments for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Sadot food service	Sadot agri-foods	Corporate adj.	Total segments
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Commodity sales	—	717,506	—	717,506
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts	8,053	—	—	8,053
Franchise royalties and fees	1,041	—	—	1,041
Franchise advertising fund contributions	73	—	—	73
Other revenues	13	—	—	13
Cost of goods sold	(8,883)	(707,872)	—	(716,755)
Gross profit	297	9,634	—	9,931
Impairment of intangible asset	(811)	—	—	(811)
Impairment of goodwill	(828)	—	—	(828)
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(665)	(151)	(992)	(1,808)
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(73)	—	—	(73)
Pre-opening expenses	(36)	(335)	—	(371)
Post-closing expenses	(211)	—	(1)	(212)
Stock-based expenses	—	—	(6,192)	(6,192)
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(437)	(1,551)	(7,416)	(9,404)
(Loss) / income from operations	(2,764)	7,597	(14,601)	(9,768)
Other income	1	—	307	308
Interest expense, net	(1)	(52)	(416)	(469)
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	—	—	1,339	1,339
Warrant modification expense	—	—	(958)	(958)
Loss on fair value remeasurement	—	1,491	—	1,491
Gain on debt extinguishment	—	—	—	—
(Loss) / income before income tax	(2,764)	9,036	(14,329)	(8,057)
Income tax benefit / (expense)	(1)	—	16	15
Net (loss) / income	(2,765)	9,036	(14,313)	(8,042)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	—	218	—	218
Net (loss) / income attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(2,765)	9,254	(14,313)	(7,824)
Total assets	10,416	162,175	5,500	178,091

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Sadot food service	Sadot agri-foods	Corporate adj.	Total segments
	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Commodity sales	—	150,586	—	150,586
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts	10,300	—	—	10,300
Franchise royalties and fees	727	—	—	727
Franchise advertising fund contributions	81	—	—	81
Other revenues	5	—	—	5
Cost of goods sold	(11,270)	(146,037)	—	(157,307)
Gross profit	(157)	4,549	—	4,392
Impairment of intangible asset	(347)	—	—	(347)
Impairment of goodwill	—	—	—	—
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(2,015)	—	—	(2,015)
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(81)	—	—	(81)
Pre-opening expenses	(117)	—	—	(117)
Post-closing expenses	(197)	—	—	(197)
Stock-based expenses	—	—	(3,716)	(3,716)
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(601)	(97)	(5,337)	(6,035)
(Loss) / income from operations	(3,515)	4,452	(9,053)	(8,116)
Other income	80	—	(34)	46
Interest expense, net	21	—	(28)	(7)
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	—	—	—	—
Gain on debt extinguishment	140	—	—	140
(Loss) / income before income tax	(3,274)	4,452	(9,115)	(7,937)
Income tax benefit / (expense)	—	—	(25)	(25)
Net (loss) / income	(3,274)	4,452	(9,140)	(7,962)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	—	—	—	—
Net (loss) / income attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	(3,274)	4,452	(9,140)	(7,962)
Total assets	16,340	7,915	2,975	27,230

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Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

	December 31, 2023
	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Financial assets/liabilities:	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Contract liability	—	92,094	—	92,094
Forward sales derivatives	—	1,491	—	1,491
	—	93,585	—	93,585

	December 31, 2022
	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Financial liabilities:	$’000	$’000	$’000	$’000
Accrued compensation liability	3,602	—	—	3,602
	3,602	—	—	3,602

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Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Outstanding Award, Activity, Excluding Option

A summary of the activity related to the restricted share awards is presented below:

	Total	Weighted-average grant date fair value
		$
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	—	—
Granted	20,000	0.54
Forfeited	—	—
Vested	(20,000)	0.54
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	—	—
Granted	10,878,052	1.25
Forfeited	—	—
Vested	(1,779,285)	1.25
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	9,098,767	—

A summary of warrants activity is presented below:

	Weighted-average exercise price	Number of Warrants	Weighted-average remaining life (in years)	Aggregate intrinsic value
	$			$’000
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	1.66	20,284,016	4.0	—
Issued	2.01	597,819	N/A	—
Exercised	0.01	(2,848,195)	N/A	—
Forfeited	—	—	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	1.93	18,033,640	3.5	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2022	1.93	18,033,640	3.5	—
Issued	2.40	2,153,309	2.9	—
Exercised	1.00	(2,153,309)	2.9	215
Forfeited	4.36	(653,750)	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2023	1.97	17,379,890	2.6	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2023	1.97	17,379,890	2.6	—

Schedule of Option Activity

A summary of option activity is presented below:

	Weighted-average exercise price	Number of options	Weighted-average remaining life (in years)	Aggregate intrinsic value
	$			$’000
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	5.00	100,000	1.91	—
Issued	0.41	337,500	4.40	12
Exercised	—	—	N/A	—
Forfeited	—	(25,000)	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	1.52	412,500	3.53	—
Expected to vest, December 31, 2022	0.41	296,875	5.21	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2022	3.59	144,375	1.98	—
Issued	1.51	600,000	5.42	156
Exercised	—	—	N/A	—
Forfeited	3.40	(185,000)	N/A	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2023	1.09	827,500	4.26	—
Expected to vest, December 31, 2023	1.14	605,609	4.23	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2023	0.98	221,891	4.34	—

Schedule of Valuation Assumptions

The Company has estimated the fair value of the options using the Black-Scholes model using the following assumptions:

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Risk free interest rate	3.54-4.93%
Expected term (years)	5
Expected volatility	53.99-69.02%
Expected dividends	—

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Business Organization and Nature of Operations - Narrative (Details) a in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) a segment	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Franchisor Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of distinct operating units | segment	2
Working capital	$ 8,269	$ 4,033
Increase in working capital	4,200
Additional liquidity	$ 25,000
Sadot farm operations
Franchisor Disclosure [Line Items]
Area of land | a	5

XML

Business Organization and Nature of Operations - Liquidity (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Cash	$ 1,354	$ 9,898
Accounts Receivable, net	52,920	135
Inventory	2,561	298
Other current assets	56,016	317
Total current assets	112,851	10,648
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	50,167	1,953
Accrued stock-based compensation expense, related party	0	3,603
Notes payable, net	6,531	222
Other current liabilities	47,884	837
Total current liabilities	104,582	6,615
Working capital	$ 8,269	$ 4,033
Current ratio	1.08	1.61

XML

Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)			12 Months Ended
	Aug. 23, 2023 USD ($)	May 16, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) derivativeInstrument	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	May 16, 2023	May 16, 2023 a	May 16, 2023 ha	Apr. 01, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 02, 2022 USD ($)
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Cash equivalents			$ 0	$ 0
Inventory			2,561,000	298,000
Accounts Receivable, net			52,920,000	135,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts			200,000	23,400
Property and equipment acquired	$ 12,180,000
Stock-based expenses			$ (6,192,000)	(3,716,000)
Number of open positions | derivativeInstrument			2
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)			$ (87,179,000)	$ (79,355,000)
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment | Accounting Standards Update 2016-02
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)			$ (22,800)							$ (7,800)	$ (15,000)
Cost of Goods and Service, Product and Service Benchmark | Supplier Concentration Risk | Largest Commodity Suppliers
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			88.00%
Cost of Goods and Service, Product and Service Benchmark | Supplier Concentration Risk | Largest Food Service Supplier
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage				33.00%
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Advertising costs			$ 1,300,000	$ 200,000
Cost of Sales
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Advertising costs			200,000	200,000
Commodity sales
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Revenues			717,506,000	150,586,000
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Revenues			8,053,000	10,300,000
Royalties
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Revenues			1,000,000	700,000
Franchise Fees
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Revenues			200,000	100,000
Rebates
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Revenues			100,000	100,000
Franchise advertising fund contributions
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Revenues			73,000	81,000
Other revenues
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Revenues			13,000	5,000
Land
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment acquired	3,700,000
Property and Equipment
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment acquired	$ 8,500,000
Sadot LLC | Sadot Zambia
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Ownership percentage (in percent)					70.00%
Escrow deposit		$ 3,500,000
Cropit Farming Limited (“Cropit”) | Sadot Zambia
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Ownership percentage (in percent)					30.00%
Sadot Zambia | Agricultural Land, Mkushi Farm Block of Zambia’s Region II Agricultural Zone
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Ownership percentage (in percent)					100.00%
Call Option | Zamproagro Limited (“ZPG”) and Cropit Farming Limited (“Cropit”) | Sadot LLC
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Option contract, term (in years)		1 year
Option contract, land area (in percent)					70.00%
Option contract, area of land						4,942	2,000
Option contract, purchase price		$ 8,500,000
Sadot food service
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Inventory			200,000	300,000
Accounts Receivable, net			53,100,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts			200,000
Sadot farm operations
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Inventory			$ 2,400,000	0
Sadot LLC
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Consulting fees, percentage of net income generated by business segment								40.00%	80.00%
Sadot agri-foods
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Accounts Receivable, net				200,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts				$ 23,400
Consulting fees, percentage of net income generated by business segment								40.00%	80.00%

XML

Significant Accounting Policies - Property and Equipment Purchased In Asset Acquisition (Details) $ in Thousands	Aug. 23, 2023 USD ($)
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Property and equipment purchased in asset acquisition	$ 12,180
Furniture and Equipment
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Property and equipment purchased in asset acquisition	211
Vehicles
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Property and equipment purchased in asset acquisition	203
Land and land improvements
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Property and equipment purchased in asset acquisition	$ 11,766

XML

Significant Accounting Policies - Property and Equipment (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023
Minimum | Furniture and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	3 years
Minimum | Leasehold Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	1 year
Minimum | Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	5 years
Minimum | Land Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	3 years
Maximum | Furniture and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	7 years
Maximum | Leasehold Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	8 years
Maximum | Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	10 years
Maximum | Land Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	20 years

XML

Significant Accounting Policies - Intangible Assets (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023
Franchise license
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, useful life	10 years
Trademark
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, useful life	5 years
Proprietary recipes
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, useful life	7 years

XML

Significant Accounting Policies - Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares	36,089	18,470
Warrant
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares	17,380	18,033
Options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares	828	413
RSAs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares	8,643	0
Convertible debt
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares	9,238	24

XML

Significant Accounting Policies - Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Net loss attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.	$ (7,824)	$ (7,962)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	34,940,559	28,558,586
Effect of potentially dilutive stock options	0	0
Diluted (in shares)	34,940,559	28,558,586
Net Loss Per Share attributable to Sadot Group, Inc.:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.22)	$ (0.28)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.22)	$ (0.28)

XML

Allowance for Credit Losses on Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 23	$ 0
Customer accounts written off, net of recoveries	0	0
Balance at end of period	173	23
Sadot food service
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Adjustments	72	23
Sadot agri-foods
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Adjustments	$ 78	$ 0

XML

Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule Of Other Current Assets [Line Items]
Prepaid expenses	$ 766	$ 89
Other receivables	7	228
Contract liabilities, current	47,180	0
Notes receivable, current	148	0
Other current assets	56,016	317
Forward sales derivative
Schedule Of Other Current Assets [Line Items]
Derivative asset	1,491	0
Prepaid forward on carbon offsets
Schedule Of Other Current Assets [Line Items]
Derivative asset	$ 6,424	$ 0

XML

Other Non-Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Security deposit	$ 76	$ 103
Notes receivable, non-current	26	0
Contract assets, non-current	46,340	0
Other non-current assets	$ 46,442	$ 103

XML

Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 13,939	$ 3,388
Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,056)	(1,493)
Property and equipment, net	12,883	1,895
Furniture and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,026	1,266
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	270	55
Leasehold Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	877	2,062
Land and land improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	11,766	0
Construction in process
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 0	$ 5

XML

Property and Equipment, Net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation	$ 0.8	$ 0.6
Disposals	1.6	0.5
Closed Locations And Future Locations
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on disposal	$ (0.2)	$ (0.3)

XML

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization expense	$ 1,000	$ 1,400
Impairment of intangible asset	811	347
Impairment of goodwill	$ 828	$ 0
Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, useful life	5 years
Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, useful life	10 years

XML

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net - Summary Of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible assets, net, beginning balance	$ 4,611	$ 6,388
Impairment of intangible assets	(811)	(347)
Amortization expense	(967)	(1,430)
Intangible assets, net, ending balance	2,833	4,611
Trademark | Muscle Maker Grill
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible assets, net, beginning balance	670	1,526
Impairment of intangible assets	(419)	(347)
Amortization expense	(251)	(509)
Intangible assets, net, ending balance	0	670
Trademark | SuperFit Food
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible assets, net, beginning balance	29	38
Impairment of intangible assets	(22)	0
Amortization expense	(7)	(9)
Intangible assets, net, ending balance	0	29
Trademark | Pokemoto
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible assets, net, beginning balance	118	153
Impairment of intangible assets	0	0
Amortization expense	(35)	(35)
Intangible assets, net, ending balance	83	118
Franchise Agreements | Muscle Maker Grill
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible assets, net, beginning balance	136	163
Impairment of intangible assets	(116)	0
Amortization expense	(20)	(27)
Intangible assets, net, ending balance	0	136
Internet Domain Names | SuperFit Food
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible assets, net, beginning balance	81	106
Impairment of intangible assets	(62)	0
Amortization expense	(19)	(25)
Intangible assets, net, ending balance	0	81
Customer Lists | SuperFit Food
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible assets, net, beginning balance	90	118
Impairment of intangible assets	(70)	0
Amortization expense	(20)	(28)
Intangible assets, net, ending balance	0	90
Proprietary Recipes | SuperFit Food
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible assets, net, beginning balance	103	135
Impairment of intangible assets	(79)	0
Amortization expense	(24)	(32)
Intangible assets, net, ending balance	0	103
Proprietary Recipes | Pokemoto
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible assets, net, beginning balance	867	1,028
Impairment of intangible assets	0	0
Amortization expense	(162)	(161)
Intangible assets, net, ending balance	705	867
Non-Compete Agreements | SuperFit Food
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible assets, net, beginning balance	107	194
Impairment of intangible assets	(43)	0
Amortization expense	(64)	(87)
Intangible assets, net, ending balance	0	107
Non-Compete Agreements | Pokemoto
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible assets, net, beginning balance	88	328
Impairment of intangible assets	0	0
Amortization expense	(88)	(240)
Intangible assets, net, ending balance	0	88
Franchise license | Pokemoto
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible assets, net, beginning balance	2,322	2,599
Impairment of intangible assets	0	0
Amortization expense	(277)	(277)
Intangible assets, net, ending balance	$ 2,045	$ 2,322

XML

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net - Future Amortization Expense (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024	$ 475
2025	473
2026	451
2027	438
2028	337
Thereafter	659
Total	2,833
Trademark | Pokemoto
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024	35
2025	35
2026	13
2027	0
2028	0
Thereafter	0
Total	83
Franchise license | Pokemoto
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024	278
2025	277
2026	277
2027	277
2028	277
Thereafter	659
Total	2,045
Proprietary Recipes | Pokemoto
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024	162
2025	161
2026	161
2027	161
2028	60
Thereafter	0
Total	$ 705

XML

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net - Summary of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning of period	$ 2,626	$ 2,626
Impairment of goodwill	(828)	0
End of period	1,798	2,626
Muscle Maker Grill
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning of period	570	570
Impairment of goodwill	(570)	0
End of period	0	570
Pokemoto
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning of period	1,798	1,798
Impairment of goodwill	0	0
End of period	1,798	1,798
SuperFit Food
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning of period	258	258
Impairment of goodwill	(258)	0
End of period	$ 0	$ 258

XML

Accounts Payables and Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accounts payable	$ 3,488	$ 1,085
Accrued payroll and bonuses	756	551
Accrued expenses	204	87
Accrued interest expenses	77	0
Accrued professional fees	255	185
Accounts payable commodities	45,342	0
Accrued purchases	17	0
Sales taxes payable	28	45
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$ 50,167	$ 1,953

XML

Accrued Stock-Based Consulting Expenses Due to Related Party - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Apr. 01, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Consulting Expense [Line Items]
Stock-based expenses	$ 6,192	$ 3,716
Sadot agri-foods
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Consulting Expense [Line Items]
Consulting fees, percentage of net income generated by business segment			40.00%	80.00%
Related Party
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Consulting Expense [Line Items]
Accrued stock-based consulting expenses	0	3,600
Stock-based expenses	$ 5,400	$ 3,600

XML

Notes Payable - Narrative (Details)			12 Months Ended
	Oct. 22, 2023 USD ($) tradingDay	Sep. 22, 2023 USD ($) tradingDay $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Oct. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from notes payable			$ 11,865,000	$ 0
Repayments of notes payables			5,693,000	230,000
Notes payable			7,100,000
Discount on notes payable			$ 200,000	$ 0
Minimum | Notes Payable to Banks
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate (in percent)			3.75%
Maximum | Notes Payable to Banks
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate (in percent)			12.00%
Series Of Individually Immaterial Notes Payable | Notes Payable to Banks
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes payable			$ 3,800,000
YA II PN, LTD ("Yorkville") | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate (in percent)		6.00%
Interest rate, subject to increase (in percent)		18.00%
Term after closing of transaction (in months)		12 months
Conversion price per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 1.11495
Debt instrument, threshold percentage of stock price		95.00%
Threshold consecutive trading days | tradingDay	9	7
Floor price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.33
Threshold percentage of outstanding shares (in percent)	99.00%	4.99%
Threshold trading days | tradingDay	7
Periodic payment, period after trigger | tradingDay	7
Periodic payment	$ 500,000
Periodic payment, premium (in percent)	8.00%
YA II PN, LTD ("Yorkville") | Private Placement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment amount		$ 25,000,000
Sale of stock, maximum average daily traded amount (in percent)		100.00%
Sale of stock, maximum average daily traded amount, threshold consecutive trading days | tradingDay		5
Sale of stock, lowest daily volume-weighted average price (in percent)		97.00%
Sale of stock, lowest daily volume-weighted average price, threshold consecutive trading days | tradingDay		3
Sale of stock, beneficial ownership limitation (in percent)		4.99%
Sale of stock, advance required		$ 100,000
Sale of stock, funding, volume-weighted average (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 1.10
Sale of stock, price per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 1.067
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares) | shares		100,000
Sale of stock, profit per transaction		$ 0.03201
Sale of stock, funding		2,999.98
Percentage of issued and outstanding shares	19.99%
Converted common stock (in shares) | shares			1,200,000
YA II PN, LTD ("Yorkville") | Private Placement | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount		$ 4,000,000	$ 3,600,000
Purchase price, percentage of principal amount (in percent)		94.00%
YA II PN, LTD ("Yorkville") | Private Placement | Pre-Paid Advance
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount		$ 3,000,000
YA II PN, LTD ("Yorkville") | Private Placement | Convertible Notes, Post Effective SEPA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount					$ 1,000,000

XML

Notes Payable - Maturities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Maturities of Long-Term Debt [Abstract]
1/1/24-12/31/24	$ 6,687
1/1/25-12/31/25	79
1/1/26-12/31/26	543
1/1/27-12/31/27	0
Thereafter	0
Total debt	$ 7,309

XML

Leases - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Option to extend, lease term (in years)	5 years
Lease cost	$ 0.7
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining lease term (in years)	8 years
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining lease term (in years)	1 year

XML

Leases - Lease Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Right to use asset	$ 1,284	$ 2,433
Operating leases – current	385	560
Operating leases – non-current	1,027	2,019
Total lease liabilities	$ 1,412	$ 2,579

XML

Leases - Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Leases
2023	$ 0
2024	529
2025	378
2026	239
2027	245
2028	184
Thereafter	304
Total lease payments	1,879
Less imputed interest	(467)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 1,412	$ 2,579

XML

Leases - Lease Term and Discount Rates (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases	4 years 10 months 9 days
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases	12.00%

XML

Deferred Revenue - Schedule of Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Deferred revenues, net	$ 2,784	$ 1,371
Deferred revenue, current	(1,229)	(95)
Deferred revenue, non-current	$ 1,555	$ 1,276

XML

Deferred Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenues, net	$ 2,784,000	$ 1,371,000
Franchise Fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenues, net	1,400,000	1,400,000
Forward sales derivative
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenues, net	$ 1,400,000	$ 0

XML

Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Gift card liability	$ 13	$ 25
Co-op advertising fund liability	114	79
Marketing development brand liability	68	35
Advertising fund liability	29	43
Contract liabilities, current	46,046	0
Total other current liabilities	$ 46,270	$ 182

XML

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets And Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 11,890	$ 10,615
Receivable allowance	37	5
Stock-based compensation	20	15
Intangible assets	727	314
163(j) adjustment	100	0
Accrued expenses	106	0
Capitalized costs	4	0
Deferred revenues	310	204
Leases	301	32
Gross deferred tax asset	13,495	11,185
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(60)	(160)
Leases	(274)	0
Unrealized gains	(317)	0
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(651)	(160)
Net deferred tax assets	12,844	11,025
Valuation allowance	(12,844)	(11,025)
Net deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Income Taxes - Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Federal:
Current	$ 0	$ 0
Deferred	0	0
State and local:
Current	(15)	25
Deferred	0	0
Current and deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(15)	25
Change in valuation allowance	0	0
Income tax (benefit) /expense	$ (15)	$ 25

XML

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal income tax benefit at statutory rate	21.00%	21.00%
State income tax benefit, net of federal impact	1.10%	(0.50%)
Permanent differences	(0.30%)	(0.10%)
PPP loan forgiveness	0.00%	0.40%
Return to provision adjustments	0.50%	3.30%
Deferred tax asset true up- State	0.00%	(14.50%)
Warrant modification expense	(2.50%)	0.00%
Fair value gain/loss on share issuance	3.60%	0.00%
Deferred tax asset true up- Federal	0.00%	(6.80%)
Change in valuation allowance	(23.20%)	(3.30%)
Effective income tax rate	0.20%	(0.50%)

XML

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 71.8
Valuation allowance	12.8	$ 11.0
Increase (decrease) to valuation allowance	$ 1.8

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Commitments and Contingencies - Forward Purchase and Sales Contracts (Details) verifiedCarbonUnit in Thousands, t in Thousands, $ in Millions	Sep. 13, 2023 USD ($) verifiedCarbonUnit $ / verifiedCarbonUnit	Sep. 12, 2023 USD ($) verifiedCarbonUnit $ / verifiedCarbonUnit	Dec. 06, 2023 USD ($) t $ / t	Nov. 24, 2023 USD ($) t $ / t	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Prepaid forward on carbon offsets					$ 6.4
Prepaid forward on carbon offsets | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Derivative, nonmonetary notional amount | verifiedCarbonUnit	180	180
Price per unit | $ / verifiedCarbonUnit	44.62	35.69
Notional amount	$ 8.0	$ 6.4
Term of delivery (in days)	14 days	14 days
Payment after issuance, term (in days)	10 days
Forward Sales Derivatives, Soy | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Derivative, nonmonetary notional amount | t			70	70
Price per unit | $ / t			674	662
Notional amount			$ 47.2	$ 46.3

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Consulting Agreements (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 14, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jul. 14, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023	Dec. 31, 2021
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)		200,000,000	200,000,000		150,000,000	50,000,000
Notes payable		$ 7,100,000
Number of days to issue common stock	10 days
Common stock, issued (in shares)		40,464,720	29,287,212
Aggia LLC FC
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001			$ 0.0001
Shares issued, price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.5625			$ 3.125
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	14,400,000			14,400,000
Percentage of issued and outstanding shares, maximum authorized amount	49.90%
Percentage of issued and outstanding shares	19.99%				20.00%
Common stock, issued (in shares)	5,600,000			8,900,000
Share price, percentage of net income generated by business segment				40.00%
Share price, at percentage of net income generated by business segment (in dollars per share)				$ 1.25
Share price (in dollars per share)				$ 0.001
Aggia LLC FC | Maximum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Notes payable	$ 71,500,000			$ 71,500,000
Reimbursement of operating costs		$ 3,200,000	$ 400,000
Aggia LLC FC | Maximum | Operating Expense
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Reimbursement of operating costs			19,000
Aggia LLC FC | Maximum | General and Administrative Expense
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Reimbursement of operating costs		100,000
Aggia LLC FC | Maximum | Labor | Operating Expense
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Reimbursement of operating costs		$ 2,600,000	$ 500,000

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Commitments and Contingencies - Franchising (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) restaurant	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) restaurant
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 1,413	$ 308
Franchise Agreement | Pokemoto
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of potentially new restaurants | restaurant	20	30
Deferred revenue	$ 200	$ 500

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Master Franchise Agreement (Details)	Oct. 25, 2021 USD ($) restaurant
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of restaurants to develop | restaurant	40
Almatrouk Catering Company – OPC | Master Franchise Agreement | Muscle Maker Development International LLC
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Consideration payable upon occurrence of various events	$ 200,000
Consideration payable upon execution of franchise agreements for each individual restaurant	20,000
Royalty fee	1,000
Deposit payment	$ 20,000

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Commitments and Contingencies - Sales Tax (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Accrued sales tax liability	$ 27,800	$ 44,600

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Litigations, Claims and Assessments (Details)				7 Months Ended
	May 01, 2022 USD ($)	Apr. 24, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 23, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) installment
Company vs. Convertible Note Holder, Iowa District Court for Polk County | Settled Litigation
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Damages awarded		$ 100,000
Convertible notes payable		100,000
Litigation settlement expense		$ 200,000
Payments for legal settlements	$ 40,000
Payments for legal settlements, number of installments | installment				7
Payments for legal settlement per installment				$ 10,000
Company vs. Company-Owned Store, Judicial Council of California | Pending Litigation
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Damages sought			$ 100,000

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Commitments and Contingencies - Employment Agreements (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 21, 2023	Nov. 16, 2022
Chief Executive Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Roper Agreement
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Base salary at annualized rate		$ 400,000
Severance payment, term of salary		36 months
Severance payment, term of salary, second anniversary of agreement		18 months
Chief Executive Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Roper Agreement | Deferred Bonus, Approval Of Shareholder Matters
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Additional bonus		$ 100,000
Chief Executive Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Roper Agreement | Deferred Bonus, Designated Director Approval
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Additional bonus		25,000
Chief Financial Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Black Agreement
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Base salary at annualized rate	$ 300,000
Severance payment, term of salary	36 months
Severance payment, term of salary, second anniversary of agreement	6 months
Chief Financial Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Black Agreement | Deferred Bonus, Approval Of Shareholder Matters
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Additional bonus	$ 100,000
Chief Financial Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Black Agreement | Deferred Bonus, Designated Director Approval
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Additional bonus	$ 25,000
Chief Financial Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Black Agreement | Deferred Bonus
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Additional bonus, percentage of annual salary	50.00%
Chief Operating Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Miller Agreement
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Base salary at annualized rate		$ 300,000
Severance payment, term of salary		36 months
Severance payment, term of salary, second anniversary of agreement		12 months
Chief Operating Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Miller Agreement | Deferred Bonus, Designated Director Approval
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Additional bonus		$ 25,000
Chief Operating Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Miller Agreement | Deferred Bonus
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Additional bonus, percentage of annual salary		75.00%
Chief Investment Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Mohan Agreement
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Base salary at annualized rate		$ 200,000
Severance payment, term of salary		36 months
Severance payment, term of salary, second anniversary of agreement		6 months
Chief Investment Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Mohan Agreement | Deferred Bonus, Approval Of Shareholder Matters
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Additional bonus		$ 100,000
Chief Investment Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Mohan Agreement | Deferred Bonus, Designated Director Approval
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Additional bonus		$ 25,000
Chief Investment Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Mohan Agreement | Deferred Bonus
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Additional bonus, percentage of annual salary		75.00%
Chief Marketing Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Infante Agreement
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Base salary at annualized rate		$ 200,000
Severance payment, term of salary		6 months
Severance payment, term of salary, second anniversary of agreement		36 months
Chief Marketing Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Infante Agreement | Deferred Bonus, Designated Director Approval
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Additional bonus		$ 25,000
Chief Marketing Officer | Executive Employment Agreement, Infante Agreement | Deferred Bonus
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Additional bonus, percentage of annual salary		25.00%

XML

Reportable Operating Segments - Summary Of Operating Segments (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Gross profit
Cost of goods sold	$ (716,755,000)	$ (157,307,000)
Gross profit	9,931,000	4,392,000
Impairment of intangible asset	(811,000)	(347,000)
Impairment of goodwill	(828,000)	0
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(1,808,000)	(2,015,000)
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(73,000)	(81,000)
Pre-opening expenses	(371,000)	(117,000)
Post-closing expenses	(212,000)	(197,000)
Stock-based expenses	(6,192,000)	(3,716,000)
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(9,404,000)	(6,035,000)
(Loss) / income from operations	(9,768,000)	(8,116,000)
Other income	308,000	46,000
Interest expense, net	(469,000)	(7,000)
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	1,339,000	0
Warrant modification expense	(958,000)	0
Gain on fair value remeasurement	1,491,000	0
Gain on debt extinguishment	0	140,000
(Loss) / income before income tax	(8,057,000)	(7,937,000)
Income tax benefit / (expense)	15,000	(25,000)
Net loss	(8,042,000)	(7,962,000)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	218,000	0
Net loss	(7,824,000)	(7,962,000)
Total assets	178,091,000	27,230,000
Commodity sales
Gross profit
Revenues	717,506,000	150,586,000
Company restaurant sales, net of discounts
Gross profit
Revenues	8,053,000	10,300,000
Franchise royalties and fees
Gross profit
Revenues	1,041,000	727,000
Franchise advertising fund contributions
Gross profit
Revenues	73,000	81,000
Other revenues
Gross profit
Revenues	13,000	5,000
Operating Segments | Sadot food service
Gross profit
Cost of goods sold	(8,883,000)	(11,270,000)
Gross profit	297,000	(157,000)
Impairment of intangible asset	(811,000)	(347,000)
Impairment of goodwill	(828,000)	0
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(665,000)	(2,015,000)
Franchise advertising fund expenses	(73,000)	(81,000)
Pre-opening expenses	(36,000)	(117,000)
Post-closing expenses	(211,000)	(197,000)
Stock-based expenses	0	0
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(437,000)	(601,000)
(Loss) / income from operations	(2,764,000)	(3,515,000)
Other income	1,000	80,000
Interest expense, net	(1,000)	21,000
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	0	0
Warrant modification expense	0
Gain on fair value remeasurement	0
Gain on debt extinguishment	0	140,000
(Loss) / income before income tax	(2,764,000)	(3,274,000)
Income tax benefit / (expense)	(1,000)	0
Net loss	(2,765,000)	(3,274,000)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	0	0
Net loss	(2,765,000)	(3,274,000)
Total assets	10,416,000	16,340,000
Operating Segments | Sadot agri-foods
Gross profit
Cost of goods sold	(707,872,000)	(146,037,000)
Gross profit	9,634,000	4,549,000
Impairment of intangible asset	0	0
Impairment of goodwill	0	0
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(151,000)	0
Franchise advertising fund expenses	0	0
Pre-opening expenses	(335,000)	0
Post-closing expenses	0	0
Stock-based expenses	0	0
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(1,551,000)	(97,000)
(Loss) / income from operations	7,597,000	4,452,000
Other income	0	0
Interest expense, net	(52,000)	0
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	0	0
Warrant modification expense	0
Gain on fair value remeasurement	1,491,000
Gain on debt extinguishment	0	0
(Loss) / income before income tax	9,036,000	4,452,000
Income tax benefit / (expense)	0	0
Net loss	9,036,000	4,452,000
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	218,000	0
Net loss	9,254,000	4,452,000
Total assets	162,175,000	7,915,000
Operating Segments | Commodity sales | Sadot food service
Gross profit
Revenues	0	0
Operating Segments | Commodity sales | Sadot agri-foods
Gross profit
Revenues	717,506,000	150,586,000
Operating Segments | Company restaurant sales, net of discounts | Sadot food service
Gross profit
Revenues	8,053,000	10,300,000
Operating Segments | Company restaurant sales, net of discounts | Sadot agri-foods
Gross profit
Revenues	0	0
Operating Segments | Franchise royalties and fees | Sadot food service
Gross profit
Revenues	1,041,000	727,000
Operating Segments | Franchise royalties and fees | Sadot agri-foods
Gross profit
Revenues	0	0
Operating Segments | Franchise advertising fund contributions | Sadot food service
Gross profit
Revenues	73,000	81,000
Operating Segments | Franchise advertising fund contributions | Sadot agri-foods
Gross profit
Revenues	0	0
Operating Segments | Other revenues | Sadot food service
Gross profit
Revenues	13,000	5,000
Operating Segments | Other revenues | Sadot agri-foods
Gross profit
Revenues	0	0
Corporate, Non-Segment
Gross profit
Cost of goods sold	0	0
Gross profit	0	0
Impairment of intangible asset	0	0
Impairment of goodwill	0	0
Depreciation and amortization expenses	(992,000)	0
Franchise advertising fund expenses	0	0
Pre-opening expenses	0	0
Post-closing expenses	(1,000)	0
Stock-based expenses	(6,192,000)	(3,716,000)
Sales, general and administrative expenses	(7,416,000)	(5,337,000)
(Loss) / income from operations	(14,601,000)	(9,053,000)
Other income	307,000	(34,000)
Interest expense, net	(416,000)	(28,000)
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation	1,339,000	0
Warrant modification expense	(958,000)
Gain on fair value remeasurement	0
Gain on debt extinguishment	0	0
(Loss) / income before income tax	(14,329,000)	(9,115,000)
Income tax benefit / (expense)	16,000	(25,000)
Net loss	(14,313,000)	(9,140,000)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	0	0
Net loss	(14,313,000)	(9,140,000)
Total assets	5,500,000	2,975,000
Corporate, Non-Segment | Commodity sales
Gross profit
Revenues	0	0
Corporate, Non-Segment | Company restaurant sales, net of discounts
Gross profit
Revenues	0	0
Corporate, Non-Segment | Franchise royalties and fees
Gross profit
Revenues	0	0
Corporate, Non-Segment | Franchise advertising fund contributions
Gross profit
Revenues	0	0
Corporate, Non-Segment | Other revenues
Gross profit
Revenues	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Reportable Operating Segments - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of distinct operating units	2

XML

Fair Value Measurement - Assets and Liabilities Measured On A Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Contract liability	$ 92,094
Derivative asset		$ 6,400
Financial assets/liabilities	93,585
Accrued compensation liability			$ 3,602
Financial liabilities			3,602
Forward sales derivative
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Derivative asset	1,491
Level 1
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Contract liability	0
Financial assets/liabilities	0
Accrued compensation liability			3,602
Financial liabilities			3,602
Level 1 | Forward sales derivative
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Derivative asset	0
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Contract liability	92,094
Financial assets/liabilities	93,585
Accrued compensation liability			0
Financial liabilities			0
Level 2 | Forward sales derivative
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Derivative asset	1,491
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Contract liability	0
Financial assets/liabilities	0
Accrued compensation liability			0
Financial liabilities			$ 0
Level 3 | Forward sales derivative
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Derivative asset	$ 0

XML

Fair Value Measurement - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Derivative asset (liability), period increase (decrease)	$ 2.9

XML

Financial Instruments (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative asset (liability), period increase (decrease)	$ 2.9

XML

Equity - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)																							12 Months Ended
	Dec. 21, 2023	Dec. 19, 2023	Dec. 13, 2023	Nov. 29, 2023	Nov. 27, 2023	Nov. 14, 2023	Nov. 06, 2023	Oct. 23, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Aug. 29, 2023	Jul. 27, 2023	Jul. 14, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 15, 2023	Feb. 27, 2023	Jan. 18, 2023	Nov. 29, 2022	Oct. 10, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	May 02, 2022	Feb. 24, 2022	Jan. 03, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 20, 2023	Oct. 02, 2023	Sep. 25, 2023	Aug. 15, 2023	Jul. 11, 2023	May 25, 2023	May 10, 2023	Apr. 05, 2023	Mar. 27, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023	Jan. 05, 2023	Nov. 14, 2022	Oct. 12, 2022	Jul. 14, 2022	Jun. 08, 2022	Apr. 04, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Jan. 06, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Nov. 17, 2021	Oct. 07, 2021
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, issued (in shares)																							40,464,720	29,287,212
Granted (in shares)														100,000				25,000		300,000			600,000	337,500
Warrants, number of securities called by warrants or rights (in shares)																					1,200,000	1,200,000
Number of shares issued for conversion of debt		300,000	300,000	200,000		200,000	100,000
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation																							$ 1,339,000	$ 0
Issued in period (in dollars per share)														$ 1.51	$ 1.51			$ 0.41		$ 0.41			$ 1.51	$ 0.41
Forfeitures in period (in shares)	100,000				100,000																		185,000	25,000
Proceeds from exercise of warrants																							$ 2,153,000	$ 0
Stock-based expenses																							6,192,000	3,716,000
Related Party
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based expenses																							5,400,000	3,600,000
Original Warrant
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Class of warrant or right, exercise price of warrant (in dollars per share)											$ 1.00																																	$ 1.385
Additional Warrant
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Class of warrant or right, exercise price of warrant (in dollars per share)											$ 2.40
Aggia LLC FC
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, issued (in shares)												8,900,000																								5,600,000
Shares issued, price (in dollars per share)												$ 3.125																								$ 1.5625
Share price, percentage of net income generated by business segment												40.00%
Share price, at percentage of net income generated by business segment (in dollars per share)												$ 1.25
Common Stock
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of new stock issued during the period																			30,900
Common Stock | Original Warrant
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants, number of securities called by warrants or rights (in shares)											2,200,000
Proceeds from exercise of warrants											$ 2,200,000
Common Stock | Additional Warrant
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants, number of securities called by warrants or rights (in shares)											2,200,000
Class of warrant or right, exercise price of warrant (in dollars per share)											$ 2.40
Warrant
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Proceeds from exercise of warrants																	$ 44
Consultant
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based expenses																							500,000	36,000
Board Of Directors
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)																										100,000			32,900
Stock-based expenses																							300,000	100,000
Officer
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Forfeitures in period (in shares)										25,000
Executive Officer
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based expenses																							$ 100,000	$ 21,400
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)																											200,000	100,000			100,000	29,700			31,300		100,000	100,000			100,000	39,600
Vested shares (in shares)													900,000
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee | Aggia LLC FC
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)																														2,700,000			2,800,000
Vested shares (in shares)									500,000
Vested (in shares)													200,000
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee | Consultant
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Issued common stock (in shares)								100,000								30,000
Fair value of common stock issued																$ 15,600
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee | Member of Executive Team
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)																																								20,000
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee | Contractor
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)																																							5,000
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Employee | Officers And Directors
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)															500,000
Warrant
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)																	400,000				1,200,000	1,200,000	2,153,309	597,819
Warrant | Altium
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)											2,200,000
RSAs
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Issued common stock (in shares)												8,900,000											10,878,052	20,000
Vested (in shares)																							1,779,285	20,000
Vesting period (in years)		3 years
Outstanding in period (in shares)																							9,098,767	0																			0
RSAs | Aggia LLC FC
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vested (in shares)																							2,100,000
RSAs | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vested (in shares)		200,000
RSAs | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Employee And Nonemployee | Members of Board Of Directors, Consultants, And Employees
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Issued common stock (in shares)		2,000,000
Options
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period (in years)														5 years	5 years
2021 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)																																													1,500,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)																							700,000
Granted (in shares)																							800,000
2023 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)																																		2,500,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)																							2,400,000
Granted (in shares)																							100,000
2024 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)																									7,500,000
Shares issued in period (in shares)																							0

XML

Equity - Restricted Stock Award Activity (Details) - $ / shares				12 Months Ended
	Dec. 19, 2023	Jul. 14, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Aggia LLC FC | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee
Total
Vested (in shares)			(200,000)
RSAs
Total
Beginning balance (in shares)				0	0
Granted (in shares)		8,900,000		10,878,052	20,000
Forfeited (in shares)				0	0
Vested (in shares)				(1,779,285)	(20,000)
Ending balance (in shares)				9,098,767	0
Weighted-average grant date fair value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)				$ 0	$ 0
Granted (in dollars per share)				1.25	0.54
Forfeited (in dollars per share)				0	0
Vested (in dollars per share)				1.25	0.54
Ending balance (in dollars per share)				$ 0	$ 0
RSAs | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee
Total
Vested (in shares)	(200,000)
RSAs | Aggia LLC FC
Total
Vested (in shares)				(2,100,000)

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Equity - Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands							12 Months Ended
	Dec. 21, 2023	Nov. 27, 2023	Mar. 15, 2023	Feb. 27, 2023	Oct. 10, 2022	May 02, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Weighted-average exercise price
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)							$ 1.52	$ 5.00
Issued in period (in dollars per share)			$ 1.51	$ 1.51	$ 0.41	$ 0.41	1.51	0.41
Exercised (in dollars per share)							0	0
Forfeited (in dollars per share)							3.40	0
Ending balance (in dollars per share)							1.09	1.52	$ 5.00
Expected to vest (in dollars per share)							1.14	0.41
Exercisable and vested (in dollars per share)							$ 0.98	$ 3.59
Number of options
Beginning balance (in shares)							412,500	100,000
Granted (in shares)			100,000		25,000	300,000	600,000	337,500
Exercised (in shares)							0	0
Forfeited (in shares)	(100,000)	(100,000)					(185,000)	(25,000)
Ending balance (in shares)							827,500	412,500	100,000
Expected to vest (in shares)							605,609	296,875
Exercisable and vested (in shares)							221,891	144,375
Additional Disclosures
Weighted-average remaining life, outstanding (in years)							4 years 3 months 3 days	3 years 6 months 10 days	1 year 10 months 28 days
Weighted-average remaining life, issued (in years)							5 years 5 months 1 day	4 years 4 months 24 days
Weighted-average remaining life, expected to vest (in years)							4 years 2 months 23 days	5 years 2 months 15 days
Weighted-average remaining life, exercisable and vested (in years)							4 years 4 months 2 days	1 year 11 months 23 days
Aggregate intrinsic value, granted							$ 156	$ 12
Aggregate intrinsic value							0	0
Aggregate intrinsic value, expected to vest							0	$ 0
Aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable and vested							$ 0

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Equity - Option Valuation Assumptions (Details) - Options	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (years)	5 years
Expected dividends	0.00%
Minimum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk free interest rate	3.54%
Expected volatility	53.99%
Maximum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk free interest rate	4.93%
Expected volatility	69.02%

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Equity - Warrants Activity (Details) - Warrant - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands				12 Months Ended
	Nov. 29, 2022	Feb. 24, 2022	Jan. 03, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)				$ 1.93	$ 1.66
Granted (in dollars per share)				2.40	2.01
Exercised (in dollars per share)				1.00	0.01
Forfeited (in dollars per share)				4.36	0
Ending balance (in dollars per share)				1.97	1.93	$ 1.66
Exercisable (in dollars per share)				$ 1.97	$ 1.93
Number of warrants
Beginning balance (in shares)				18,033,640	20,284,016
Granted (in shares)	400,000	1,200,000	1,200,000	2,153,309	597,819
Exercised (in shares)				(2,153,309)	(2,848,195)
Forfeited (in shares)				(653,750)	0
Ending balance (in shares)				17,379,890	18,033,640	20,284,016
Exercisable (in shares)				17,379,890	18,033,640
Additional Disclosures
Weighted-average remaining life, outstanding (in years)				2 years 7 months 6 days	3 years 6 months	4 years
Weighted-average remaining life, granted (in years)				2 years 10 months 24 days
Weighted-average remaining life, exercised (in years)				2 years 10 months 24 days
Weighted-average remaining life, exercisable (in years)				2 years 7 months 6 days	3 years 6 months
Aggregate intrinsic value, exercised				$ 215

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Related Party Transactions - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Jul. 14, 2023 shares	Feb. 28, 2023 director shares	Jan. 19, 2023 shares	Nov. 14, 2022 shares	Dec. 31, 2021 shares
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	40,464,720	29,287,212			29,300,000
Common stock, outstanding, represented at special meeting (in shares)				17,200,000
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	200,000,000	200,000,000		150,000,000			50,000,000
Number of directors available for nomination | director				8
Aggia LLC FC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Common stock, authorized (in shares)			14,400,000			14,400,000
Percentage of issued and outstanding shares				20.00%		19.99%
Ownership percentage (in shares)	25.20%
Stock-based consulting expense | $	$ 5.4	$ 3.6
Aggia LLC FC | Maximum
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Reimbursement of operating costs | $	$ 3.2	$ 0.4

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Subsequent Events - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 15, 2024	Feb. 16, 2024	Jan. 29, 2024	Jan. 22, 2024	Jan. 11, 2024	Jan. 08, 2024	Dec. 19, 2023	Dec. 13, 2023	Nov. 29, 2023	Nov. 14, 2023	Nov. 06, 2023	Jan. 04, 2024	Oct. 02, 2023	Jul. 11, 2023
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares issued for conversion of debt							300,000	300,000	200,000	200,000	100,000
Subsequent Event | Convertible Notes
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares authorized, amount	$ 0.2	$ 0.1	$ 0.1	$ 0.1	$ 0.1	$ 0.1
Number of shares issued for conversion of debt	600,000	300,000	300,000	300,000	300,000	300,000
Board Of Directors
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)													100,000	32,900
Board Of Directors | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)												100,000