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Stock-Based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Stock-Based Compensation  
Stock-Based Compensation

14. Stock-based Compensation

2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan

In connection with the Company’s IPO, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted and approved the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2017 Plan”) and cancelled its former management unit equity incentive plan (“2016 Profit Interest Plan”). The 2017 Plan provides for grants of stock options, restricted stock and performance awards. The Company’s directors, officers and other employees and persons who engage in services for the Company are eligible for grants under the 2017 Plan. The purpose of the 2017 Plan is to provide individuals with incentives to maximize stockholder value and otherwise contribute to the Company’s success and to enable the Company to attract, retain and reward the best available persons for positions of responsibility. The 2017 Plan, as amended in 2019, has authorized 12,074,128 shares of the Company’s common stock to be available for issuance, subject to adjustment in the event of a reorganization, stock split, merger or similar change in the Company’s corporate structure or the outstanding shares of common stock. The Company’s Compensation Committee administers the 2017 Plan. The Board of Directors also has the authority to administer the 2017 Plan and to take all actions that the Company’s Compensation Committee is otherwise authorized to take under the 2017 Plan. The terms and conditions of each award made under the 2017 Plan, including vesting requirements, are consistent with the 2017 Plan in a written agreement with the grantee.

Employee Grants

Senior management that had participated in the 2016 Profit Interest Plan were granted (based on a conversion factor of management units to new common shares) new restricted stock to replace the units that were cancelled in the 2016 Profit Interest Plan. The conversion resulted in grants of 394,052 shares of restricted stock that vest ratably at 33% per year beginning on June 30, 2018 assuming the award recipient continues to be employed by the Company.  Senior management also received 450,356 shares of restricted stock in connection with long-term incentive compensation under the 2017 Plan.  These restricted stock grants vest ratably at 33% per year beginning on June 30, 2018 assuming the award recipient continues to be employed by the Company.

Employees that had participated in the 2016 Director Appreciation Rights Plan were granted new restricted stock (based on a conversion factor of the then calculated value of such pool).  These employees were granted 78,050 shares of restricted stock under the 2017 Plan that vest ratably at 33% per year beginning on June 30, 2018 assuming the award recipient continues to be employed by the Company.

Each year, the Company’s Compensation Committee, in consultation with the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), establishes an annual incentive bonus plan. In 2017, the 2017 Management Bonus Plan (“2017 MBP”) was initially established, which provided for incentive cash bonuses for the majority of the Company’s employees based upon the achievement of certain business and individual or department objectives, including most prominently adjusted consolidated earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization. Target bonus payouts were established based on a percentage of the participant’s base salary based on the title/position. In connection with the Company’s IPO, the Compensation Committee, in consultation with the Company’s CEO, replaced the 2017 MBP with an equity compensation plan, and granted restricted shares out of the 2017 Plan in lieu of any cash bonus payments. The Compensation Committee granted restricted shares equal to 100% to 150% achievement of the 2017 MBP. Such grants in aggregate totaled 866,708 shares, which vested 100% on June 30, 2018 assuming the participant was employed by the Company at that time. Furthermore, the members of the Company’s Board of Directors received 54,361 shares, in aggregate, of restricted stock that vested 100% on June 30, 2018.

In connection with the hiring of the Company’s new CEO, the Company granted 171,233 shares of restricted stock that vest ratably over a four year period beginning December 14, 2018.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock award activity for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Year ended December 31, 

    

2019

2018

Weighted Average

    

Weighted Average

Shares

    

Grant Price

Shares

    

Grant Price

Outstanding, beginning of period

 

2,356,418

$

9.23

1,914,570

$

16.82

Granted

 

2,075,455

8.41

 

2,116,546

7.78

Vested

(825,764)

 

9.84

 

(1,242,930)

 

17.08

Forfeited

 

(465,941)

 

9.01

(431,768)

 

13.19

Outstanding, end of period(1)

 

3,140,168

$

8.56

 

2,356,418

$

9.23

(1)The total outstanding non-vested shares of restricted stock awards granted to employees and directors are included in total outstanding shares as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

For restricted stock awards that contain only service conditions for vesting, the Company calculates the award fair value based on the closing stock price on the accounting grant date.

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 the Company recorded $10.1 million, $13.0 million and $13.4 million of non-cash compensation expense, respectively. The non-cash compensation expense is reflected in selling, general and administrative expense and operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization), depending on the recipients’ duties, in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Total unrecognized non-cash compensation expense as of December 31, 2019 was $20.3 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.

2016 Profit Interest Plan

On February 3, 2016, the former Parent adopted a Profit Interest Plan pursuant to which the Board of former Parent could grant 295,667 Management Incentive Units (“Incentive Units”), or approximately 8% of the total outstanding units of former Parent, excluding Incentive Units, to employees, managers, officers, directors, and consultants of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

Incentive Units granted under the 2016 Profit Interests Plan were intended to constitute a “profits interest” in the former Parent for tax purposes. Generally, these Incentive Units were subject to a combination of time, performance, and market-based vesting conditions. Upon vesting, the award recipient receives a Class D unit in the former Parent. Such Class D units represent a right to a fractional portion of the profits and distributions of former Parent in excess of a “floor amount” determined in accordance with the Operating Agreement. These D units were cancelled immediately prior to the Company’s IPO. As discussed above, vested Class D units were replaced with shares of restricted stock of the Company based on a specific conversion factor.

Additionally, on July 18, 2016, the Company adopted a Director Appreciation Rights Plan (“2016 Director Plan”), in which 10% of the aggregate value of the 2016 Profit Interest Plan has been reserved for the 2016 Director Plan. The participants of the 2016 Director Plan were granted non-voting Bonus Units which vested ratably, 25% each anniversary date from grant date and fully vest four years from grant date. These units were replaced with shares of restricted stock of the Company based on a specific conversion factor.  

The following table summarizes the activity in the Management Units during the year ended December 31, 2017:

Class D

Units

Outstanding at January 1, 2017

 

201,696

Vested converted to D units

 

(48,939)

Cancelled unvested

 

(152,757)

Outstanding at December 31, 2017