EX-99.1 2 exh_991.htm EXHIBIT 99.1

Exhibit 99.1

 

 
 

 

Technical Report

TLC Property

Nye County, Nevada, USA

   
   
   
 

Submitted to:

[Company]

     
     
 

Report Date:

Effective Date:
  January 16, 2023 October 6, 2022
     
     
 

Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
 2890 East Cottonwood Parkway Suite 300,

Salt Lake City UT  84121-7283
Tel: (801) 617-3200
 

 

Authors:

Derek Loveday, P. Geo.

Joan Kester, P. Geo

 

 

   

Project No. 233001584

 

 

 

 

 

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Important Notice

 

This notice is an integral component of the Tonopah Lithium Claims Technical Report (“Technical Report” or “Report”) and should be read in its entirety and must accompany every copy made of the Technical Report. The Technical Report has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects.

 

The Technical Report has been prepared for American Lithium Corporation by Stantec Consulting Services Inc. (Stantec). The Technical Report is based on information and data supplied to Stantec by American Lithium Corporation. The quality of information, conclusions, and estimates contained herein are consistent with the level of effort involved in the services of Stantec, based on i) information available at the time of preparation of the Report, and ii) the assumptions, conditions, and qualifications set forth in this Report.

 

Each portion of the Technical Report is intended for use by American Lithium Corporation subject to the terms and conditions of its contract (November 22, 2021) with Stantec. Except for the purposes legislated under Canadian provincial and territorial securities law, any other uses of the Technical Report, by any third party, is at that party’s sole risk.

 

The Qualified Person has used their experience and industry expertise to produce this Technical Report. Readers are cautioned that the results of the Technical Report include forward-looking information. The factors and assumptions used to develop the forward-looking information, and the risks that could cause the actual results to differ materially, are presented in the body of this Report.

 

 

 

 

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFICATIONS

 

I, Derek J. Loveday, P.Geo., do hereby certify that:

 

1.I am currently employed as a Project Manager by Stantec Services Inc., 2890 East Cottonwood Parkway Suite 300, Salt Lake City UT 84121-7283.
2.I graduated with a Bachelor of Science Honors Degree in Geology from Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa in 1992.
3.I am a licensed Professional Geoscientist in the Province of Alberta, Canada, #159394. I am registered with the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions (SACNASP) as a Geological Scientist #400022/03.
4.I have worked as a geologist for a total of thirty years since my graduation from university, both for mining and exploration companies and as a consultant specializing in resource evaluation for precious metals and industrial minerals. I have many years’ experience exploring and modelling stratiform sediment-hosted industrial mineral deposits in the western United States and Australia of naturally low-concentration elements including potassium (potash), uranium and lithium. I have worked on two other lithium claystone projects in the vicinity of Tonopah, Nevada.
5.I have read the definition of “qualified person” set out in National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-101) and certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional association (as defined in NI 43-101), and past relevant work experience, I meet the requirements to be a “Qualified Person” for the purposes of NI 43-101.
6.I am responsible for preparation of Section 13 and 14 and portions of Sections 1 through 12 and Portions Sections 15 through 27, of this Technical Report titled “Technical Report TLC Property, Nye County, Nevada, USA” (the “Technical Report”) dated January 16, 2023, Effective Date October 6, 2022.
7.I have read NI 43-101 and Form 43-101F1, and the Technical Report has been prepared in compliance with that instrument and form.
8.I personally inspected the property on February 3, 2020 and again in December 16th and 17th, 2021.
9.I was the author of the properties previous Technical Report titled “Technical Report TLC Property, Nye County, Nevada, USA” (the “Technical Report”) dated October 21, 2021, Effective Date April 15, 2020.
10.At the effective date of the Technical Report, to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief, the Technical Report contains all scientific and technical information that is required to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading.
11.I am not aware of any material fact or material change with respect to the subject matter of the Technical Report that is not reflected in the Report, the omission to disclose which makes the Report misleading.
12.I am independent of the issuer applying all of the tests in Part 1.5 of NI 43-101CP.

 

“Original Signed and Sealed By Author”  
Dated January 16, 2023 Derek J. Loveday, P.Geo.  
  Project Manager  
     

 

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFICATIONS

 

I, Joan C. Kester, P.Geo., do hereby certify that:

 

1.I am currently employed as a Resource Geologist by Stantec Services Inc., 2890 East Cottonwood Parkway Suite 300, Salt Lake City UT 84121-7283.
2.I graduated with a Master of Science Degree in Geology from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana in 2004.
3.I am a registered Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME) member #04294447 and a licensed Professional Geologist in the State of Utah #6695640-2250 and Wyoming #PG-4063 USA.
4.I have worked as a geologist for a total of sixteen years since my graduation from university, both for geotechnical, environmental, and mining consultant companies specializing in quality control, water resources, and resource evaluation for industrial minerals. I have years of experience with many types of drilling, well installation, GIS mapping of active and inactive mining operations and detailed sampling efforts in addition to recent modelling of stratiform sediment-hosted industrial mineral deposits in the western United States
5.I have read the definition of “qualified person” set out in National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-101) and certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional association (as defined in NI 43-101), and past relevant work experience, I meet the requirements to be a “Qualified Person” for the purposes of NI 43-101.
6.I am responsible for preparation of portions of Sections 1 to 12 and portions of Sections 14 to 27 of the Technical Report titled “Technical Report TLC Property, Nye County, Nevada, USA” (the “Technical Report”) dated January 16, 2023, Effective Date October 6, 2022.
7.I have read NI 43-101 and Form 43-101F1, and the Technical Report has been prepared in compliance with that instrument and form.
8.I personally inspected the property and sample storage facilities on July 20th and 21st, 2022.
9.I have not had any prior involvement with the property that is the subject of this Technical Report.
10.At the effective date of the Technical Report, to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief, the Technical Report contains all scientific and technical information that is required to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading.
11.I am not aware of any material fact or material change with respect to the subject matter of the Technical Report that is not reflected in the Report, the omission to disclose which makes the Report misleading.
12.I am independent of the issuer applying all of the tests in Part 1.5 of NI 43-101CP.

 

 

  Original Signed and Sealed By Author  
Dated January 16, 2023 Joan C. Kester, P.Geo.  
  Resource Geologist  
     

 

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table of Contents

 

1   SUMMARY 1-1
2   INTRODUCTION 2-1
3   RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS 3-1
4   PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION 4-1
4.1   Description and Location 4-1
4.2   Property Concessions 4-1
4.3   Option Agreements, Royalties and Encumbrances 4-5
4.4   Permits, Surface Use and Royalties 4-22
4.5   Environmental Liabilities 4-22
4.6   Other Significant Factors and Risks 4-22
5   ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY 5-1
5.1   Accessibility 5-1
5.2   Climate 5-1
5.3   Local Resources and infrastructure 5-1
5.4   Physiography 5-2
6   HISTORY 6-1
6.1   Exploration 6-1
6.2   Historical Estimates 6-3
6.3   Metallurgical Testing 6-4
7   GEOLOGIC SETTING AND MINERALIZATION 7-1
7.1   Regional Geology 7-1
7.2   Local Geology 7-1
7.3   Mineralization 7-5
8   DEPOSIT TYPES 8-1
9   EXPLORATION 9-1
10   DRILLING 10-1
11   SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES & SECURITY 11-1
11.1   Sampling Method and Approach 11-1
11.2   Laboratory Analyses 11-2
11.3   Quality Control 11-3
11.4   Adequacy of Laboratory Procedures and Sample Security 11-7
12   DATA VERIFICATION 12-1
12.1   Property Inspection 2021 and 2022 12-1
12.2   Opinion of the Independent Qualified Person 12-2
13   MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING 13-1

 

 

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14   MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES 14-1
14.1   Approach 14-1
14.2   Basis for Resource Estimation 14-1
14.3   Data Sources 14-2
14.4   Model 14-3
14.5   Assessment of Reasonable Prospects for Economic Extraction 14-13
14.6   Lithium Resource Estimates 14-15
14.7   Potential Risks 14-20
15   MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES 15-1
16   MINING METHODS 16-1
17   RECOVERY METHODS 17-1
18   PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE 18-1
19   MARKETS AND CONTRACTS 19-1
20   ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING AND SOCIAL OR COMMUNITY IMPACT 20-1
21   CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS 21-1
22   ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 22-1
23   ADJACENT PROPERTIES 23-1
24   OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION 24-1
25   INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS 25-1
25.1   Potential Risks 25-4
26   RECOMMENDATIONS 26-1
27   REFERENCES 27-1

 

List of Tables

 

Table 1.1 Historic Lithium Estimates – U.S. Customary Units 1-2
Table 1.2 Lithium Resource Estimates – U.S. Customary Units 1-4
Table 1.3 Lithium Resource Estimates – Metric Units 1-5
Table 1.4 Phase 1: Data Gathering Cost Estimate 1-7
Table 4.1  Summary of Claims on Property 4-6
Table 6.1 Historic Lithium Estimates – U.S. Customary Units 6-4
Table 6.2 Agitated Leach Test Results 6-5
Table 10.1  TLC Property Drilling 10-2
Table 11.1 Vendor Certified Reference Material Ranges 11-4
Table 13.2  In Progress Metallurgical Testing 13-1
Table 14.1 Block Model Parameters 14-3
Table 14.2 Vertical Zone Thickness from Drill Holes 14-7
Table 14.3 Composite Lithium Grades from Drill Holes 14-7
Table 14.4 Lithium Grade Estimation Parameters 14-11
Table 14.5 Lithium Resource Estimates – U.S. Customary Units 14-17

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 14.6 Lithium Resource Estimates – Metric Units 14-18
Table 25.1 Lithium Resource Estimates – U.S. Customary Units 25-2
Table 25.2 Lithium Resource Estimates – Metric Units 25-3
Table 26.1 Phase 1: Data Gathering Cost Estimate 26-1

 

List of Figures

 

Figure 4-1  General Location Map 4-2
Figure 4-2  Property Location Map 4-3
Figure 4-3  Land Tenure Map 4-4
Figure 5-1  Infrastructure Map 5-3
Figure 6-1  Flow Sheet for Battery Quality Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate Production 6-6
Figure 7-1  Regional Geology Map 7-2
Figure 7-2  Local Geology Map 7-3
Figure 7-3  Structural Cross Sections 7-6
Figure 10-1  Drill Hole Location Map 10-5
Figure 11-1  TLC Lithium Blanks Analyses 11-5
Figure 11-2  TLC Lithium Duplicate Analyses 11-6
Figure 11-3  MEG Lithium Standard MEG-Li.10.11 11-8
Figure 11-4  MEG Lithium Standard MEG-Li.10.15 11-9
Figure 12-1  Site Visit GPS Locations and Photographs 12-3
Figure 12-2  Site Visit Photographs 12-4
Figure 14-1  Model Topography and Extent 14-4
Figure 14-2  Model Zones 14-6
Figure 14-3  Mineralized Zone Grade Distribution 14-9
Figure 14-4  Mineralized Zone Semi-Variogram 14-10
Figure 14-5  Resource Model Cross Sections 14-12
Figure 14-6  Economic Pit Shell 14-14
Figure 14-7  Resource Classification Map 14-16
Figure 14-8  Economic Pit Shell Depth Map 14-19

 

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

1SUMMARY

 

Introduction

 

This Technical Report was prepared by Stantec Consulting Services Inc. (Stantec) for American Lithium Corporation (American Lithium) in accordance with the requirements of National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101). This Technical Report is an update of a prior Technical Report on the TLC (Tonopah Lithium Claims) Property (the Property) completed by Loveday (2021).

 

Property Description and Location

 

The TLC Property is located approximately 6.2 miles (10 kilometers (km)) northwest of the town of Tonopah, east of Big Smoky Valley and west of the San Antonio Mountain range, Nye County, Nevada. The geographic coordinates of the Property’s approximate center are N-38°9’57” and W-117°17’44” (20929115 N, 1459590 E; NAD 83 State Plane Nevada Central Feet).

 

Property Concessions

 

The Property consists of 614 unpatented lode mining claims that cover approximately 12,511 acres (5,063 hectares). The Property is registered with the Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Nye County under the following claimant names: Tonopah Lithium Corp (formerly 1074654 Nevada Ltd), 1301420 Nevada Corporation, Big Smoky Holdings Inc., and Esoteric Consulting Ltd. All claimants are 100% owned subsidiaries by American Lithium Corp. There is a 1% royalty held on the claims formerly held by Nevada Alaska.

 

Geological Setting and Mineralization

 

Surficial geology within the Property boundary is mapped as a Quaternary-aged flat alluvial outwash plane. The outwash plane is interspersed with shallow washes draining towards the west. The shallow washes partially expose underlying fines-dominant sediments and lithic tuffs of the Tertiary Miocene-age Siebert Formation. Exploration drilling on the Property shows the outwash plane surface alluvium to have an average thickness of 22 feet (ft) (6.7 meters (m)). Bordering the Property are rhyolite intrusions in the east and andesite in the north that are exposed on the high ground.

 

The dominant lithology below the alluvial cap varies throughout the Property. Below the alluvial cap are finely laminated claystone beds with occasional lenses of sandstone, conglomerate, volcanic tuff and ash layers. Collectively, this mixed unit is called the upper claystone. Immediately below the upper claystone is a basal tuff marker bed, not always present, that comprises lenses of tuffaceous sandstones and conglomerates that transition into another predominantly claystone bed at depth. Sediments below the upper claystone are collectively referred to as the lower claystone beds. Below the lower claystone drilling has intercepted both tuffaceous crystalline basement and limestone. The upper and lower claystone beds have elevated lithium (Li) grades and host the mineral resource on the TLC Property.

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

The upper and lower lithium mineralized claystone beds are offset by high angle normal faulting on the Property. Geological modeling of the deposit has the TLC Property separated into ten (10) fault blocks, of which nine (9) blocks, contain lithium enriched clays. The overall footprint of mineralized clays, with lithium concentrations greater than 500 parts per million (ppm), is 7,500 acres (3,035 hectares) extending from just below surface weathering to a depth of approximately 1,000 ft (304.8 m) below surface.

 

Historical Estimates

Table 1.1. outlines base case historical estimates prepared by Loveday (2021), effective April 15, 2020.

 

Table 1.1
Historic Lithium Estimates – U.S. Customary Units

Cutoff

Li (ppm)

Volume

(Myd3)

Tons

(Mst)

Li

(ppm)

Million short tons (Mst)
Li Li2CO3 LiOH.H2O
Measured
400 523 749 932 0.70 3.72 4.24
Indicated
400 328 470 898 0.42 2.23 2.54
Measured plus Indicated
400 851 1,219 919 1.12 5.95 6.78
Inferred
400 279 400 912 0.36 1.92 2.18

 

·CIM definitions are followed for classification of Mineral Resource.
·Mineral Resource surface pit extent has been estimated using a lithium carbonate price of US10,000 US$/tonne and mining cost of US$2.00 per tonne, a lithium recovery of 80%, fixed density of 1.70 g/cm3 (1.43 tons/yd3)
·Conversions: 1 metric tonne = 1.102 short tons, metric m3 = 1.308 yd3, Li2CO3:Li ratio = 5.32, LiOH.H2O:Li ratio = 6.05
·Totals may not represent the sum of the parts due to rounding.

 

The Authors has not done sufficient work to classify these historical estimates as current mineral resources and the issuer is not treating the historical estimate as current mineral resources.

 

Exploration Sampling and Drilling

 

In the fall of 2018, American Lithium completed confirmation surface sampling at the Property on 24 rock samples (outcrop and float). The analytical results from the sampling program ranged from 129.5 to 1,380 ppm Li with an average of 656.5 ppm Li. This initial surface sampling was followed up with a 29-hole reverse circulation (RC) and diamond core exploration drilling program that was documented in the prior Technical Report (Loveday, 2021). For this Technical Report an additional 53 drill holes were completed for a total of 82 drill holes. The additional 53 holes comprise: 8 sonic core holes, 10 diamond core, and 35 RC drill holes.

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing

 

In 2019 indicative metallurgical tests completed by McClelland Laboratories Inc. (McClelland) in Sparks, Nevada showed that over 90% of the lithium can be extracted in less than 60 minutes using acid leaching only and that no roasting/calcining of the mineralized material is required to efficiently extract the Li and processed as a lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH.H2O) or lithium carbonate product (Li2CO3). Since the prior Technical Report there have been several bulk sampling campaigns using drill hole samples for metallurgical testing. The results and associated interpretation of the metallurgical testing were still in progress as of the effective date of this Technical Report.

 

Assessment of Reasonable Prospects for Eventual Economic Extraction

 

A base case lithium resource cutoff grade has been determined based on the economics of a medium size (100 Mtpa) run-of-mine (ROM) surface mining operation that does not require blasting. Processing of the mineralized material would be onsite extracting lithium from claystone using an acid digestion method. A base case cutoff grade for Li is estimated to be 500 ppm and an economic pit shell was developed to report surface minable resources.

 

Mineral Resource Estimation

 

The TLC Property geologic model is a 3D block model using the Nevada State Plane Central Zone NAD83 coordinate system and U.S. customary units. The geologic model was separated into four stratigraphic zones, which from top to bottom included the following units: surface weathering alluvium, upper claystone, lower claystone, and basement.

 

The lithium mineral resource estimates are presented in Table 1.2 in U.S. customary units and Table 1.3 in metric units. The resource estimates are contained within an economic pit shell at constant 45° pit slope to a maximum vertical depth of 970 ft (296 m) below surface. Lithium resources are presented for a range of cutoff grades to a maximum of 1,200 ppm lithium. All lithium resources on the TLC Property are surface mineable at a stripping ratio of 2.4 waste yd3/ton (0.8 m3/tonne) at the base case cutoff grade of 500 ppm lithium. The effective date of the lithium resource estimate is October 6, 2022.

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 1.2
Lithium Resource Estimates – U.S. Customary Units

Cutoff Volume Tons Li Million short tons (Mst)
Li (ppm) (Myd3) (Mst) (ppm) Li Li2CO3 LiOH.H2O
Measured
500 662 948 924 0.88 4.68 5.32
600 545 781 1006 0.79 4.2 4.78
800 371 532 1153 0.61 3.25 3.69
1000 265 380 1255 0.48 2.55 2.9
1200 136 195 1401 0.27 1.44 1.63
Indicated
500 917 1314 727 0.96 5.11 5.81
600 573 821 835 0.69 3.67 4.17
800 285 408 987 0.4 2.13 2.42
1000 105 150 1148 0.17 0.9 1.03
1200 29 42 1328 0.06 0.32 0.36
Measured plus Indicated
500 1579 2262 813 1.84 9.79 11.13
600 1118 1602 924 1.48 7.87 8.95
800 656 940 1074 1.01 5.38 6.11
1000 370 530 1226 0.65 3.45 3.93
1200 165 237 1392 0.33 1.76 1.99
Inferred
500 374 536 713 0.38 2.02 2.3
600 227 325 827 0.27 1.44 1.63
800 101 145 995 0.14 0.74 0.85
1000 40 57 1151 0.07 0.37 0.42
1200 10 14 1315 0.02 0.11 0.12

 

·CIM definitions are followed for classification of Mineral Resource.
·Mineral Resource surface pit extent has been estimated using a lithium carbonate price of US20,000 US$/tonne and mining cost of US$3.00 per tonne, a lithium recovery of 90%, fixed density of 1.70 g/cm3 (1.43 tons/yd3)
·Conversions: 1 metric tonne = 1.102 short tons, metric m3 = 1.308 yd3, Li2CO3:Li ratio = 5.32, LiOH.H2O:Li ratio =6.05
·Totals may not represent the sum of the parts due to rounding.
·The Mineral Resource estimate has been prepared by Joan Kester, PG and Derek Loveday, P. Geo. of Stantec Consulting Services Inc. in conformity with CIM “Estimation of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserves Best Practices” guidelines and are reported in accordance with the Canadian Securities Administrators NI 43-101. Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that any mineral resource will be converted into mineral reserve.

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 1.3
Lithium Resource Estimates – Metric Units

Cutoff Volume Tonnes Li Million Tonnes (Mt)
Li (ppm) (Mm3) (Mt) (ppm) Li Li2CO3 LiOH.H2O
Measured
500 506 860 924 0.79 4.2 4.78
600 416 707 1006 0.71 3.78 4.3
800 283 481 1153 0.55 2.93 3.33
1000 203 345 1255 0.43 2.29 2.6
1200 104 177 1401 0.25 1.33 1.51
Indicated
500 701 1192 727 0.87 4.63 5.26
600 438 745 835 0.62 3.3 3.75
800 218 371 987 0.37 1.97 2.24
1000 80 136 1148 0.16 0.85 0.97
1200 22 37 1328 0.05 0.27 0.3
Measured plus Indicated
500 1207 2052 809 1.66 8.83 10.04
600 854 1452 916 1.33 7.08 8.05
800 501 852 1080 0.92 4.9 5.57
1000 283 481 1227 0.59 3.14 3.57
1200 126 214 1402 0.3 1.6 1.81
Inferred
500 286 486 713 0.35 1.86 2.12
600 173 294 827 0.24 1.28 1.45
800 77 131 995 0.13 0.69 0.79
1000 31 53 1151 0.06 0.32 0.36
1200 8 14 1315 0.02 0.11 0.12

 

·CIM definitions are followed for classification of Mineral Resource.
·Mineral Resource surface pit extent has been estimated using a lithium carbonate price of US20,000 US$/tonne and mining cost of US$3.00 per tonne, a lithium recovery of 90%, fixed density of 1.70 g/cm3 (1.43 tons/yd3)
·Conversions: 1 metric tonne = 1.102 short tons, metric m3 = 1.308 yd3, Li2CO3:Li ratio = 5.32, LiOH.H2O:Li ratio =6.05
·Totals may not represent the sum of the parts due to rounding.
·The Mineral Resource estimate has been prepared by Joan Kester, PG and Derek Loveday, P. Geo. of Stantec Consulting Services Inc. in conformity with CIM “Estimation of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserves Best Practices” guidelines and are reported in accordance with the Canadian Securities Administrators NI 43-101. Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that any mineral resource will be converted into mineral reserve.

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Interpretations and Conclusions

 

The mineral resource estimates presented in Table 25.1 and Table 25.2 represent an increase in both resource confidence and quantity compared to historical estimates (Loveday, 2021). These differences are due to:

 

·Increase in concession area of the Property from 4,114 acres (1,665 hectares) to current 12,511 acres (5,063 hectares);
·Increase in exploration drilling from 29 holes to a total of 82 holes; and
·Increasing depth of drilling since the last technical report has identified an additional lower lithium clay zone below a basal tuff marker bed previously (Loveday, 2021) used as a resource limiting basement horizon.

 

Potential risks that may impact accuracy of the mineral resource estimates are:

 

·The resource limited to within nine (9) fault blocks that may shift location given further exploration. Should new supporting data support a significant shift in the fault locations this may have a material impact on the resource estimates.

 

·The intrusions and the other volcanics around the extremities of the Property are only recognized from surface mapping. Future exploration drilling in these areas of the Property may show these intrusions and other volcanics extending into the Property below surface. This may have a material impact on the resource estimates in these regions of the deposit.

 

·Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) records of assay blanks and standards indicate that there is potential for inconsistencies in the predicted reliability of the lithium assay results received from Paragon laboratories when compared to assay results received from other laboratories.

 

·Metallurgical testing currently under the control of DRA Global Limited (DRA) may indicate that the input costs for the practical extraction of lithium to be higher than anticipated. Since processing costs are a significant component of lithium carbonate (or lithium hydroxide monohydrate) production, the lithium cutoff grade may be higher than the base case cutoff grade of 500 ppm used for the lithium resource estimates.

 

Recommendations

 

Two phases, listed below, are recommended to advance the TLC Property.

 

Phase 1

Additional studies are recommended to define the locations and throw of the faults on the property, and to assess the accuracy of lithium assay test results received from Paragon laboratories. It is recommended that exploration methods use minimal surface disturbance, rather than immediately advancing to another exploration drilling program. The estimated costs with the Phase 1 program are outlined in Table 1.4.

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 1.4
Phase 1: Data Gathering Cost Estimate

Program Purpose Method

Total

(US$000)

Re-assay of drill samples Re-assay 20% samples sent to Paragon laboratory ICP-OES+ICP-MS 10
LiDAR Survey Potential identification of subtle changes in subsurface geology Drone LiDAR Survey 15
Geophysics Identification of faults Active and Passive 50
Mineral Processing Further constrain mineral Processing from larger samples Process Testing 150
Estimated Total 225

 

Phase 2

Phase 2 is not contingent on the results of Phase 1. Stantec recommends that, for Phase 2, a Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) should be completed on the TLC Property. The PEA involves several major tasks, which are listed below:

·Identify ground water sources to be utilized in the development of the TLC Property;
·Mine design and development;
·Lithium process facilities including a sulphuric acid plant;
·Project infrastructure and required utilities;
·Tailings management plan;
·Regulatory roadmap outlining the regulatory process, timelines and costs; and
·Capex and Opex estimate and economic analysis.

 

The cost to complete Phase 2 is estimated at US$500k. Components of the Phase 2 program are currently in progress as of the effective date of this Technical Report.

 

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

2INTRODUCTION

 

This Technical Report was prepared by Stantec Consulting Services Inc. (Stantec) for American Lithium Corporation (American Lithium) in accordance with the requirements of National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101). This Technical Report is an update of a prior Technical Report on the TLC (Tonopah Lithium Claims) Property (the Property) completed by Loveday (2021).

 

Information used in the compilation of the Technical Report was provided by American Lithium as well as from public domain sources. All source of information in addition to the American Lithium’s exploration data are listed in the reference Section 27.

 

The authors and independent Stantec Qualified Personnel (QP) have inspected the Property on separate occasions in 2021 and 2022. The QP’s verified drill hole locations, and reviewed sample handling procedures.

 

The “Effective Date” means, with reference to a Technical Report, the date of the most recent scientific or technical information included in the Technical Report.

 

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

3RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS

 

The Qualified Person did not rely on a report, opinion or statement of another expert who is not a qualified person, or on information provided by the issuer, concerning legal, political, environmental, or tax matters.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

4PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION

 

4.1Description and Location

 

The Property is located approximately 6.2 miles (10 km) northwest of the town of Tonopah, east of the Big Smoky Valley and west of the San Antonio Mountain range, Nye County, Nevada as shown on Figures 4-1 and 4-2. The geographic coordinates of the Property’s approximate center are N-38°9’57” and W-117°17’44” (20929115 N, 1459590 E; NAD 83 State Plane Nevada Central Feet). Figure 4-2 shows the location of the Property relative to the town of Tonopah and the Township, Range and Sections.

 

4.2Property Concessions

 

The Property consists of 614 unpatented lode mining claims located in Township and Range T4N, R41E; TN4, R42E; T3N, R41E; and T3N, R42E of the Mount Diablo Meridian (21) and covers an area of 12,511 acres (5,063 hectares). Table 4.1 (TLC Property Lode Claims) lists the claims, associated claimants and status. Figure 4-3 (Land Tenure Map) shows the claim locations.

 

The Property is registered with the Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Nye County under the following claimant names: Tonopah Lithium Corp (formerly 1074654 Nevada (NV) Ltd or Corp), 1301420 Nevada Corporation, Big Smoky Holdings Inc., and Esoteric Consulting Ltd. All claimants are wholly-owned subsidiaries of American Lithium Holdings Corp. which is itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of American Lithium Corp.  TLC is in the process of listing all claims under Tonopah Lithium Corp owned by American Lithium Holdings Corp. On August 19, 2021 a British Columbia certificate of amalgamation (BC1320524) was filed beginning the merger process of all claimants under American Lithium Holdings Corp. Nevada Secretary of State Certificate of Amendment filing number #20211716952 (August 30, 2021) and Article of Conversion #20222396457 (June 13, 2022) are respective documents converting 1074654 Nevada Ltd and 1301420 Nevada Corporation into Tonopah Lithium Corp. The Big Smoky Holdings Corp acquisition took place on September 7, 2021.

 

To maintain the claims in good standing, a payment of US$165/claim to the BLM and US$12/claim to Nye County must be made by September 1 of each year. There is a 1% royalty held on the claims formerly held by Nevada Alaska Mining Company, Inc. which are shown in gray on Figure 4-3. No other royalties are known to exist.

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

 

 

 4-2

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

 

 

 4-3

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

 

 4-4

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 


4.3Option Agreements, Royalties and Encumbrances

 

American Lithium – Nevada Alaska Option and Royalty Agreement

American Lithium signed an agreement titled “Purchase/Royalty Agreement” with an Effective Date of August 13, 2018, with Nevada Alaska Mining Company, Inc. (Nevada Alaska), whereby American Lithium may earn an undivided 100% interest in the Property, subject to a Royalty. In this agreement “the Company” refers to American Lithium, while the “Royalty Holder” refers to Nevada Alaska. The agreement mandates a one-mile Area of Interest (AOI) around the Nevada Alaska 75 lode mining claims (shown as gray on Figure 4-3), which encompass 1,550 acres (627 hectares). Any claims acquired by either party within the one mile AOI become part of this agreement.

 

The August 13, 2018, Purchase/Royalty Agreement was revised on the April 23, 2020, in an agreement titled “Amended and Restated Purchase/Royalty Agreement” where a (2.5%) royalty was in place with a 1.5% buyback option that was agreed upon for two payments of US$50,000 and the issuance of 250,000 shares of American Lithium stock to Nevada Alaska, in addition to keeping claims up to date. On July 9, 2020 the buyback option was exercised for the payment of US$150,000 (the “Buyback Payment”) and 843,750 common shares of the Purchaser (the “Buyback Shares”), pursuant to the terms of the agreement.

 

The current terms of the April 23, 2020, Purchase/Royalty/Bonus Agreement are listed below after the Royalty Buyback agreement commenced on July 9, 2020.

 

·“If the Company commences production of Products that are mined from the Property, the Company grants and shall pay the Royalty Holder a Royalty equal to one percent (1.0%) of the gross proceeds from sales (the “Gross Proceeds”) of all Products, computed as herein provided and less Allowable Deductions. No Royalty shall be due upon bulk samples extracted by the Company for metallurgical testing purposes during the Company’s exploration or development work on the Property. The Royalty Holder acknowledges and agrees that any decision to commence, pursue, suspend, or cease mining of the Property is solely a matter for the Company.”

 

 

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1
Summary of Claims on Property

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
RJWH 1 NV105771500 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 2 NV105771501 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 3 NV105771502 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 4 NV105771503 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 5 NV105771504 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 6 NV105771505 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 7 NV105771506 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 8 NV105771507 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 9 NV105771508 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 10 NV105771509 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 11 NV105771510 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 12 NV105771511 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 13 NV105771512 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 14 NV105771513 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 15 NV105771514 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 16 NV105771515 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 17 NV105771516 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
RJWH 18 NV105771517 5/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
TLC 10 NV101818163 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 11 NV101818164 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 12 NV101818165 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 13 NV101818166 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 14 NV101818167 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 15 NV101818168 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 16 NV101818169 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 17 NV101818170 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 18 NV101818171 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 19 NV101704412 11/2/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 20 NV101704413 11/2/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 21 NV101704414 11/2/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 22 NV101704415 11/2/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 23 NV101704416 11/2/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 24 NV101704417 11/2/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 25 NV101704418 11/2/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 26 NV101704419 11/2/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 27 NV101704420 11/2/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 28 NV101704421 11/2/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 29 NV101818172 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

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TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
TLC 30 NV101818173 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 31 NV101818174 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 32 NV101818175 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 33 NV101819021 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 48 NV101819022 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 49 NV101819023 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 50 NV101819024 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 51 NV101819025 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 52 NV101819026 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 53 NV101819027 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 54 NV101819028 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 55 NV101819029 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 56 NV101819030 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 57 NV101819031 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 58 NV101819032 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 59 NV101819033 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 60 NV101819034 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 61 NV101819035 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 62 NV101819036 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 63 NV101819037 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 64 NV101819038 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 65 NV101819039 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 66 NV101819040 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 67 NV101819864 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 68 NV101819865 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 69 NV101819866 3/8/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 310 NV101819867 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 311 NV101819868 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 312 NV101819869 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 313 NV101819870 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 314 NV101819871 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 315 NV101819872 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 316 NV101819873 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 317 NV101819874 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 318 NV101590664 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 319 NV101590665 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 320 NV101590666 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 321 NV101590667 3/6/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 322 NV101703325 11/1/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-7

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
TLC 323 NV101703326 11/1/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 324 NV101703327 11/1/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 325 NV101703328 11/1/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 326 NV101703329 11/1/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 327 NV101704407 11/1/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 328 NV101704408 11/1/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 329 NV101704409 11/1/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 330 NV101704410 11/1/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 331 NV101704411 11/1/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 332 NV101590672 3/9/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 333 NV101590673 3/9/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 334 NV101591464 3/9/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 335 NV101591465 3/9/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 336 NV101591466 3/9/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 367 NV101590668 3/24/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 368 NV101590670 3/24/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 369 NV101590671 3/24/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 370 NV101704422 9/24/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 371 NV101704423 9/24/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 372 NV101704424 9/24/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 373 NV101560065 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 374 NV101560066 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 375 NV101560067 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 376 NV101560068 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 377 NV101560069 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 378 NV101560070 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 379 NV101560071 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 380 NV101560072 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 381 NV101560073 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 382 NV101560074 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 383 NV101560075 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 384 NV101560076 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 385 NV101560077 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 386 NV101560078 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 387 NV101560079 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 388 NV101560080 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 389 NV101705476 9/25/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 390 NV101705477 9/25/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 391 NV101705478 9/25/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-8

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
TLC 392 NV101591467 3/10/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 393 NV101591468 3/10/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 415 NV101591469 3/24/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 416 NV101591470 3/24/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 417 NV105263051 7/1/2021 1074654 NEVADA LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 418 NV101704425 9/24/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 419 NV101704426 9/24/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 420 NV101704427 9/24/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 421 NV101560081 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 422 NV101560082 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 423 NV101560083 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 424 NV101560084 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 425 NV101711264 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 426 NV101711265 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 427 NV101711266 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 428 NV101711267 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 429 NV101711268 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 430 NV101711269 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 431 NV101711270 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 432 NV101711271 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 433 NV101711272 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 434 NV101711273 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 435 NV101711274 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 436 NV101711275 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 437 NV101705479 9/25/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 438 NV101706493 9/25/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 439 NV101706494 9/25/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 440 NV101591474 3/10/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 441 NV101592264 3/10/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 470 NV101591471 3/24/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 471 NV101591472 3/24/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 472 NV101591473 3/24/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1001 NV101592405 3/23/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1003 NV101593238 3/23/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1005 NV101593239 3/23/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 469 NV101705470 9/24/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 470 NV101705471 9/24/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 471 NV101705472 9/24/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 518 NV101705473 9/24/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-9

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
TLC 519 NV101705474 9/24/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 520 NV101705475 9/24/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 472 NV101711276 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 473 NV101711277 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 474 NV101711278 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 475 NV101711279 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 476 NV101711280 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 477 NV101711281 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 478 NV101711282 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 479 NV101711283 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 480 NV101711284 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 481 NV101712429 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 482 NV101712430 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 483 NV101712431 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 484 NV101712432 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 485 NV101712433 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 486 NV101712434 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 487 NV101712435 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 488 NV101712436 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 489 NV101706495 9/25/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 490 NV101706496 9/25/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 491 NV101592265 3/11/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 492 NV101592266 3/11/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 526 NV101712442 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 527 NV101712443 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 528 NV101712444 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 529 NV101712445 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 530 NV101712446 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 531 NV101712447 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 532 NV101712448 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 533 NV101712449 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 534 NV101713491 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 535 NV101713492 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 536 NV101713493 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 537 NV101713494 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 538 NV101706497 9/25/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 539 NV101706498 9/25/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 540 NV101592267 3/11/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 541 NV101592268 3/11/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-10

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
TLC 575 NV101713495 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 576 NV101713496 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 577 NV101713497 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 578 NV101713498 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 579 NV101713499 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 580 NV101713500 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 581 NV101713501 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 582 NV101713502 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 583 NV101713503 6/27/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 584 NV101592269 3/11/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 585 NV101592270 3/11/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 586 NV101592271 3/11/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 587 NV101592401 3/11/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 588 NV101592402 3/11/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 589 NV101592403 3/11/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 590 NV101592404 3/11/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 521 NV101712437 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 522 NV101712438 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 523 NV101712439 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 524 NV101712440 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 525 NV101712441 6/26/2018 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 97 NV101557302 7/18/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 92 NV101557303 7/18/2019 1074654 NEVADA CORP 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1006 NV105263053 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1007 NV105263054 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1008 NV105263055 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1009 NV105263056 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1010 NV105263057 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1011 NV105263058 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1012 NV105263059 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1013 NV105263060 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1014 NV105263061 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1015 NV105263062 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1016 NV105263063 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1017 NV105263064 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1018 NV105263065 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1019 NV105263066 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1020 NV105263067 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1021 NV105263068 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-11

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
TLC 1022 NV105263069 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1023 NV105263070 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1024 NV105263071 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1025 NV105263072 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1026 NV105263073 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1027 NV105263074 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1028 NV105263075 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1029 NV105263076 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1030 NV105263077 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1031 NV105263078 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1032 NV105263079 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1033 NV105263080 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1034 NV105263081 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1035 NV105263082 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1036 NV105263083 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLC 1037 NV105263084 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 1 NV101875412 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 2 NV101875413 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 3 NV101875414 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 4 NV101875415 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 5 NV101875416 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 6 NV101875417 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 7 NV101875418 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 8 NV101875419 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 9 NV101875420 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 10 NV101875421 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 11 NV101875422 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 12 NV101875423 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 93 NV101876255 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 94 NV101876256 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 95 NV101876257 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 96 NV101876258 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 97 NV101876259 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 98 NV101876260 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 99 NV101876261 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 100 NV101876262 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 13 NV101875424 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 14 NV101875425 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 101 NV101876263 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-12

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
TLCN 102 NV101876264 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 43 NV101875426 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 44 NV101875427 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 45 NV101875428 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 46 NV101875429 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 47 NV101876249 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 48 NV101876250 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 49 NV101876251 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 50 NV101876252 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 51 NV101876253 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 52 NV101876254 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 143 NV101876265 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 144 NV101876266 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 145 NV105263052 7/1/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 146 NV101876267 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 147 NV101876268 3/14/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 208 NV101876269 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 1097 NV101877084 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 1098 NV101877085 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 1099 NV101877086 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 1100 NV101877087 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 1101 NV101877088 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 1102 NV101877089 3/13/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 1091 NV101877078 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 1092 NV101877079 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 1093 NV101877080 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 1094 NV101877081 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 1095 NV101877082 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 1096 NV101877083 3/15/2020 ESOTERIC CONSULTING LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN-15 NV105230772 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 16 NV105230773 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 17 NV105230774 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 18 NV105230775 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 19 NV105230776 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 20 NV105230777 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 21 NV105230778 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 22 NV105230779 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 23 NV105230780 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 24 NV105230781 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-13

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
TLCN 25 NV105230782 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 26 NV105230783 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 27 NV105230784 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 28 NV105230785 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 29 NV105230786 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 30 NV105230787 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 31 NV105230788 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 32 NV105230789 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 33 NV105230790 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 34 NV105230791 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 53 NV105230800 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 54 NV105230801 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 55 NV105230802 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 56 NV105230803 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 57 NV105230804 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 58 NV105230805 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 59 NV105230806 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLNC 60 NV105230807 3/22/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 61 NV105230808 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 62 NV105230809 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 63 NV105230810 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 64 NV105230811 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 65 NV105230812 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 66 NV105230813 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 67 NV105230814 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 68 NV105230815 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 69 NV105230816 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 70 NV105230817 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 71 NV105230818 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 72 NV105230819 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 103 NV105230840 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 104 NV105230841 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 105 NV105230842 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 106 NV105230843 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 107 NV105230844 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 108 NV105230845 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 109 NV105230846 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 110 NV105230847 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 111 NV105230848 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-14

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
TLCN 112 NV105230849 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 113 NV105230850 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 114 NV105230851 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 115 NV105230852 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 116 NV105230853 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 117 NV105230854 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 118 NV105230855 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 119 NV105230856 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 120 NV105230857 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 121 NV105230858 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 122 NV105230859 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 148 NV105230880 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 149 NV105230881 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 150 NV105230882 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 151 NV105230883 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 152 NV105230884 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 153 NV105230885 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 154 NV105230886 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 155 NV105230887 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 156 NV105230888 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 157 NV105230889 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 158 NV105230890 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 159 NV105230891 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 160 NV105230892 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 161 NV105230893 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 162 NV105230894 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 163 NV105230895 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 164 NV105230896 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 165 NV105230897 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 166 NV105230898 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 187 NV105230919 3/22/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 188 NV105230920 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 189 NV105230921 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 190 NV105230922 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 191 NV105230923 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 192 NV105230924 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 193 NV105230925 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 194 NV105230926 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 205 NV105230937 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-15

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
TLCN 210 NV105230938 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 212 NV105230939 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 214 NV105230940 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 216 NV105230941 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 218 NV105230942 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 220 NV105230943 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 222 NV105230944 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 224 NV105230945 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 226 NV105230946 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 228 NV105230947 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 35 NV105230792 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 36 NV105230793 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 37 NV105230794 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 38 NV105230795 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 39 NV105230796 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 40 NV105230797 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 41 NV105230798 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 42 NV105230799 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 73 NV105230820 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 74 NV105230821 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 75 NV105230822 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 76 NV105230823 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 77 NV105230824 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 78 NV105230825 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 79 NV105230826 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 80 NV105230827 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 81 NV105230828 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 82 NV105230829 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 83 NV105230830 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 84 NV105230831 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 85 NV105230832 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 86 NV105230833 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 87 NV105230834 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 88 NV105230835 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 89 NV105230836 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 90 NV105230837 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 91 NV105230838 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 92 NV105230839 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 123 NV105230860 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-16

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
TLCN 124 NV105230861 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 125 NV105230862 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 126 NV105230863 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 127 NV105230864 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 128 NV105230865 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 129 NV105230866 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 130 NV105230867 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 131 NV105230868 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 132 NV105230869 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 133 NV105230870 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 134 NV105230871 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 135 NV105230872 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 136 NV105230873 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 137 NV105230874 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 138 NV105230875 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 139 NV105230876 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 140 NV105230877 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 141 NV105230878 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 142 NV105230879 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 167 NV105230899 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 168 NV105230900 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 169 NV105230901 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 170 NV105230902 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 171 NV105230903 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 172 NV105230904 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 173 NV105230905 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 174 NV105230906 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 175 NV105230907 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 176 NV105230908 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 177 NV105230909 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 178 NV105230910 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 179 NV105230911 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 180 NV105230912 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 181 NV105230913 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 182 NV105230914 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 183 NV105230915 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 184 NV105230916 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 185 NV105230917 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 186 NV105230918 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-17

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
TLCN 195 NV105230927 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 196 NV105230928 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 197 NV105230929 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 198 NV105230930 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 199 NV105230931 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 200 NV105230932 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 201 NV105230933 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 202 NV105230934 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 203 NV105230935 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 204 NV105230936 2/28/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 229 NV105230948 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 230 NV105230949 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 231 NV105230950 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 232 NV105230951 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 233 NV105230952 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 234 NV105230953 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 235 NV105230954 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 236 NV105230955 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 237 NV105230956 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 238 NV105230957 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 239 NV105230958 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
TLCN 240 NV105230959 2/27/2021 BIG SMOKY HOLDINGS INC 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-1 NV105237340 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-2 NV105237341 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-3 NV105237342 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-4 NV105237343 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-5 NV105237344 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-6 NV105237345 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-7 NV105237346 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-8 NV105237347 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-9 NV105237348 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-10 NV105237349 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-11 NV105237350 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-12 NV105237351 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-13 NV105237352 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-14 NV105237353 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-15 NV105237354 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-16 NV105237355 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-17 NV105237356 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-18

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
JWH-18 NV105237357 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-19 NV105237358 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-20 NV105237359 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-21 NV105237360 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-22 NV105237361 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-23 NV105237362 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-24 NV105237363 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-25 NV105237364 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-26 NV105237365 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-27 NV105237366 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-28 NV105237367 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-29 NV105237368 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-30 NV105237369 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-31 NV105237370 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-32 NV105237371 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-33 NV105237372 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-34 NV105237373 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-35 NV105237374 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-36 NV105237375 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-59 NV105237398 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-60 NV105237399 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-61 NV105237400 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-62 NV105237401 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-63 NV105237402 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-64 NV105237403 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-65 NV105237404 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-66 NV105237405 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-77 NV105237416 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-78 NV105237417 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-79 NV105237418 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-80 NV105237419 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-81 NV105237420 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-82 NV105237421 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-83 NV105237422 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-84 NV105237423 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-85 NV105237424 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-86 NV105237425 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-87 NV105237426 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-88 NV105237427 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-19

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
JWH-89 NV105237428 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-90 NV105237429 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-91 NV105237430 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-92 NV105237431 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-93 NV105237432 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-94 NV105237433 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-95 NV105237434 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-96 NV105237435 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-97 NV105237436 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-98 NV105237437 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-99 NV105237438 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-100 NV105237439 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-101 NV105237440 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-102 NV105237441 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-103 NV105237442 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-104 NV105237443 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-105 NV105237444 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-106 NV105237445 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-107 NV105237446 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-108 NV105237447 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-109 NV105237448 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-110 NV105237449 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-111 NV105237450 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-112 NV105237451 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JWH-113 NV105237452 5/1/2021 1301420 NEVADA CORPORATION 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 9 NV105263093 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 10 NV105263094 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 11 NV105263095 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 12 NV105263096 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 13 NV105263097 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 14 NV105263098 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 15 NV105263099 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 16 NV105263100 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 17 NV105263101 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 18 NV105263102 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 19 NV105263103 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 20 NV105263104 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 21 NV105263105 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 22 NV105263106 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-20

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Table 4.1 (Cont’d)

Claim Name Serial Number Date of Location Claimant Name
 (Owner)
Expiration Date Status
JCM 23 NV105263107 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 24 NV105263108 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 25 NV105263109 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 26 NV105263110 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 27 NV105263111 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 28 NV105263112 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 29 NV105263113 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 30 NV105263114 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 31 NV105263115 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 32 NV105263116 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 33 NV105263117 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 34 NV105263118 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 35 NV105263119 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 36 NV105263120 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 37 NV105263121 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 39 NV105263122 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 41 NV105263123 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 43 NV105263124 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 45 NV105263125 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 1 NV105789949 8/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
JCM 2 NV105789950 8/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
JCM 3 NV105789951 8/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
JCM 4 NV105789952 8/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
JCM 5 NV105789953 8/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
JCM 6 NV105789954 8/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
JCM 7 NV105789955 8/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
JCM 8 NV105789956 8/15/2022 TONOPAH LITHIUM CORP 9/1/2023 FILED
JCM 46 NV105263126 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 55 NV105263127 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE
JCM 56 NV105263128 9/3/2021 1074654 NV LTD 9/1/2023 ACTIVE

 

 

 4-21

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

4.4Permits, Surface Use and Royalties

 

American Lithium operated under an Exploration Plan of Operations (EPO) drilling permit with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to complete the 2022 drilling. The EPO was finalized December 2021 in accordance with BLM Surface Management Regulation 43 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 3809, as amended, under BLM case file number NVN-100125. A bond in the amount of $1,458,819 was placed and accepted by the BLM Nevada State Office (NVB002644) on January 11, 2022 for surface reclamation. The EPO permitted 1074654 Nevada Corp (Now Tonapah Lithium Corp) the allowable disturbance of up to 111.4 acres to conduct mineral exploration-related activities within the Project area. The total disturbance included acres associated with previous TLC Notice NVN-097429. The EPO requires annual updates in April and continued exploration is planned.

 

Should the project proceed to a notice level of operations (production) an updated Plan of Operations with all the construction and mining details will need to be agreed upon with BLM, likely requiring additional environmental studies and conditions. For operations at the production level, the State of Nevada requires royalty obligations based on a sliding-scale tax between 2% and 5% of profits.

 

4.5Environmental Liabilities

 

An EA (#DOI-BLM-NV-BO20-2022-0003-EA) and a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) were considered during the approval of the EPO. The BLM's approval of the EPO is subject to compliance with the operating, reclamation, and monitoring measures identified in the EPO, the performance standards set forth in 43 CFR 3809.420, and the Applicant-Committed Environmental Protection Measures (EPMs) as set forth in the EA and restated in the EPO’s Decision under Conditions of Approval.

 

A report is required annually in April by the BLM on Project activates and plans. All 2022 drill holes were sealed as per regulations prior to the drill rig moving off site and at present approximately 70% of all drill pads and sumps have been back filled and regraded beginning the reclamation process.

 

4.6Other Significant Factors and Risks

 

The Authors is unaware of significant factors or risks that may materially restrict American Lithium from its right and ability to perform work on the Property.

 

 

 

 4-22

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

5ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY

 

5.1Accessibility

 

The Property is approximately 6.2 miles (10 km) to the northwest of Tonopah, Nevada, and 81 miles (130 km) to the northeast of Bishop, California (Figures 4-1 and 5-1). The Property can be accessed from several different directions, but the most common access is from paved State Highway 89 (also called Gabbs Pole Line Road) via two dirt roads that travel into the project area. These dirt roads are approximately 4.2 miles (7 km) (Radar Road) and 6.4 miles (10.3 km) to the north of junction State Highway 89 and United States Highway US 95 (US 6). This junction occurs 2.5 miles (4 km) west of the town on Tonopah. State Highway 89 continues north toward the Crescent Dunes Picnic Area and Crescent Dunes solar project. There are several dirt roads offering good four-wheel drive and ATV access throughout the Property. A good four-wheel drive is recommended as many of the dirt roads have deep sand sections.

 

5.2Climate

 

The town of Tonopah, Nevada, is located 1,840 m (6,036.7 ft) above mean sea level (amsl) and the project area ranges from 5,180 to 5,880 ft amsl (Climate-Data.org, 2020, para. 1). The Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification system designates this area as BWk: B – arid; W – desert; and k – cold arid, thus making the Tonopah area effectively a cold high desert area (Climate Change & Infectious Diseases, 2019; Weatherbase, 2020, para. 2).

 

July is the warmest month in the Tonopah region, with an average temperature of 21.6°C, (70.89oF) while the coldest month of the year is January, with an average temperature of -1.3°C (29.66oF). August has the highest average precipitation, with 18 mm (0.7 inches), and December has the lowest at 7 mm (0.27 inches) (Climate-Data.org, 2020, paras. 3-5). April is the windiest month with average winds as high as 9 miles per hour. (Weatherspark, 1993).

 

Recent climate data can be collected at the Quima Peak (Western Regional Climate Center [WRCC] 2020) Remote Automatic Weather Station (RAWS) and Desert Research Institute. (BLM, 2021)

 

5.3Local Resources and infrastructure

 

The town of Tonopah is approximately 6.2 miles (10 km) southeast of the Property. A range of services are available, such as: hotel accommodation, schools, restaurants, fuel, tourism, and general shopping. Mount Grant General Hospital, located in Hawthorn, Nevada, is the closest hospital, and is located approximately 105.6 miles (170 km) from Tonopah. There is a history of mining and exploration in the Tonopah area, and as such, skilled labour and equipment is available in the area, as well as throughout Nevada.

 

 

 5-1

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

Tonopah is located on highways US 95 and US 6. US 95 connects Reno, Nevada, from Interstate 80, to Las Vegas, Nevada, on Interstate 15. Highway US 6 runs east/west to the regional airfield which can accommodate east/west air transportation. (Tonopah, Nevada, 2020, para. 3).

 

Tonopah is equidistant between two international airports: McCarran International Airport, located in Las Vegas, Nevada, and Reno International Airport, located in Reno, Nevada. Both centers have major car and truck rental options available, as well as any necessary amenities.

 

Infrastructure is available in the general area of the Property. Power is available along the west side of US 95, which runs northwest to southeast, approximately 4.9 miles (8 km) to the southwest of the Property, or from a powerline that runs past the Crescent Dunes solar plant approximately 7.4 miles (12 km) to the northwest of the Property along the Gabbs Pole Line Road. Cell service is available through much of the Project area with most cell providers.

 

Union Pacific Railroad, which ships commodities such as non-metallic minerals, has two main lines that run through Nevada. One in the northern part of the state, with stops at Reno, Flanigan, Winnemucca, Elko, and Wells, linking central California with Salt Lake City, Utah. The other runs through Las Vegas, in the southern part of the state, and connects Los Angeles/Long Beach, CA with Salt Lake City, Utah, and onwards to the Union Pacific transcontinental line and destinations east (Union Pacific, 2019, paras. 2, 4, and 6).

 

Local water supply options have not been thoroughly studied. Surface waters in the Project Area are ephemeral where the local topographic relief creates a network of dry creeks and washes. There are no intermittent or perennial streams and surface water is dependent on seasonal precipitation. Eleven springs were identified in the approximate five-mile radius of the Property. Some of the springs have water rights and are used for commercial, stock watering, or other uses. (BLM, 2021)

 

Groundwater was encountered during the 2022 drilling campaign at approximately 470 feet (Water Monitor well GW6 at Hole TLC-2205C) in the extreme eastern Property and at 580 feet (Hole TLC-2214) in the extreme west the Property.

 

5.4Physiography

 

The Property is within the Basin and Range Region of western North America. The Property is on the flanks of the San Antonio Mountain Range grading into the Big Smoky Valley (a large basinal playa like complex). The claim blocks slopes gently to the west with the upper portion lying at an elevation of approximately 5,905 ft (1,800 m) amsl, and the lower portions in the vicinity of the Gabbs Pole Line Road being approximately 4,839 ft (1,475 m) amsl. The topography can best be characterized as gentle pediment incised by anastomosing drainages. The Property has typical desert vegetation with sagebrush and greasewood with occasional grasses in the spring months of wetter years.

 

 

 5-2

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

 

 5-3

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

6HISTORY

 

A summary of historical work completed on the TLC Property has been compiled through discussions with American Lithium, and prior technical reports published by Stantec (Turner, 2021; Loveday, 2021). The following is a list of exploration activity organized in chronological order.

 

6.1Exploration

 

Prior to 2017

 

There is limited information on property activity and ownership prior to 2017. There is some evidence that indicates claims may have been held briefly in the middle area of the property in the 1960s and 1970s, and again in 2006. There are no records of work being completed on the claims during these periods. In the northern area of the Property, records from Nye County Recorder plat maps show that the only previous claims on the Property was a claim block from the early 1980s that was termed the “Ant” claims (Turner, 2021).

 

2017 to 2018

 

In 2017, Nevada Alaska completed reconnaissance sampling of outcrops from the Property area. All analyses were completed by ALS laboratories (ALS) in Reno, Nevada. To assess the optimal analytical method to use, three duplicate samples were analyzed by two different analytical methods; standard Aqua Regia (ME-ICP41), and 4 acid digestion followed by ICP (ME-ICP61). The results from the two analytical methods were remarkably similar with the results from ME-ICP 41 averaging 1,346 ppm Li, while the results from ME-ICP 61 averaged 1,296 ppm Li. It was determined that there was greater consistency with respect to the results from ME-ICP 41, and therefore this was the method selected for sample testing. Samples were tested in three batches with results shown below:

 

·February 2017: Ten samples were analyzed that ranged in concentrations from 50 to 1,810 ppm Li with an average of 695 ppm Li;

 

·Early March 2017: Thirty-four samples were analyzed that ranged in concentrations from 220 to 1810 ppm Li with an average of 840 ppm Li; and

 

·Late March 2017: Nine samples were analyzed that ranged in lithium concentrations from 120 to 950 ppm Li with an average of 501 ppm Li.

 

 

 6-1

TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

2018 to 2019

 

American Lithium completed a surface sampling program on the Property in the Fall of 2018 collecting a total of 24 rock samples. Samples were collected from either outcrop or float, labelled accordingly, logged with geological detail, GPS location recorded and lastly, delivered to an ISO 9001 and ISO/IEC 17025 certified commercial laboratory, ALS laboratories in Reno, Nevada for analyses. The analytical results from the sampling program ranged from 129.5 to 1,380 ppm Li, and the average grade of the samples taken was 656.5 ppm Li. The float samples ranged from 129.5 to 1,380 ppm Li, with a mean grade of 608.5 ppm, while the outcrop samples graded from 131 to 1,340 ppm Li, with a mean grade of 704.5 ppm.

 

In the fall of 2019, Jana Campbell Mineral Exploration completed a semi qualitative assessment in the northern area of the Property with a handheld instrument that implemented Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to explore for lithium. Following confirmation of lithium in the project area, two trenches were excavated by hand, logged, and sampled in November 2019. A total of 89 samples were collected from the trenches using a gas Hand Auger and each sample weighed approximately 1 to 2 pounds. Samples were analyzed by American Assay Laboratory (AAL) located in Sparks Nevada. Further details on the 2019 trenching program and analyses can be found in the 2021 Technical Report on the Crescent Dunes Lithium Property by Turner (Turner, 2021).

 

2019 to 2020

 

American Lithium completed a Diamond drill core and Reverse Circulation (RC) drilling campaign from February 2019-2020. The first campaign totaled 23 vertical holes; 18 RC holes and 5 core holes, and the campaign in the winter of 2020 completed an additional 6 vertical RC holes.

 

All drilling on the Property was completed by Harris Exploration Drilling and Associates (Harris) of San Diego, California. The 2019 drilling was completed using a 5 ½ inch (in) (13.5 cm) hammer bit and the 2020 drilling was completed using standard reverse circulation (RC) method. An American Lithium geologist was on site during the drilling and sampling operations and the water table was not encountered. All drilling completed was documented with location, depth, date, and hole type. The 2019-2020 campaign hole collar locations were recorded using a handheld GPS device and collar elevations were adjusted to closely match the elevations of US Geological survey open-source topography data received as raster digital data (1 arc-second resolution).

 

RC chip samples were transported daily by American Lithium geologists to the core logging facility in Tonopah, Nevada. At the rig, five-foot (5 ft) (1.52 m) intervals were collected as a single sample, assigned a unique sample number by drill hole and footage. Detail logging and LIBS analyses was completed from select material and chip trays. Once received at the warehouse, sample count and sequence were verified and logged. Core was boxed, labeled, and transported by the drilling crew daily to American Lithium’s core logging facility in Tonopah, Nevada. American Lithium personnel inventoried and logged the core at the facility and sample intervals were selected by geologic or alteration breaks, or by 5 ft (1.5 m) breaks. The core was also split whereby one half of the core was sent for analyses and the remaining half retained for archive.

 

 

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American Lithium had a QA/QC program in place for both RC and core samples, and analyses was completed by an ISO 17025-2005 accredited lab, AAL located in Sparks, Nevada. A total insertion rate of QC samples was 12.8% which was divided as follows: 60% CRM; 20% blank; and 20% repeats. Rig duplicates were collected every 50 ft (15 m), nominally 10%, and used for a second laboratory comparison by similar analytical methods. In addition, an assessment of twinned RC holes relative to core holes was completed to compare the lithium concentrations by depth for the two styles of drilling. Further details on the sample handling, QA/QC and laboratory analyses methods can be found in the prior Technical Report (Loveday, 2021).

 

In 2020, the Stantec completed confirmation sampling on the Property. Samples were approximately 1-3 kg in weight, were sealed in a plastic bag in the field and then transported to Bureau Veritas Mineral Laboratories (Bureau Veritas) in Reno, Nevada. A total of twelve samples were analyzed by 4 acid digestion through ICP-ES/ICP-MS analyses, and two core samples were analyzed for specific gravity. Further details on the QA/QC and laboratory analyses methods can be found in the prior Technical Report (Loveday, 2021).

 

2021

 

Jana Campbell Mineral Exploration completed a surface mapping program during Summer 2021. The results of the mapping program can be found in the 2021 Technical Report on the Crescent Dunes Lithium Property by Turner (Turner, 2021).

 

6.2Historical Estimates

 

Historic estimates of lithium have been reported from lithium clay deposits within the Property. Loveday (2021) reported the base case estimates shown in Table 6.1., effective April 15, 2020.

 

 

 

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Table 6.1
Historic Lithium Estimates – U.S. Customary Units

Cutoff

Li (ppm)

Volume

(Myd3)

Tons

(Mst)

Li

(ppm)

Million short tons (Mst)
Li Li2CO3 LiOH.H2O
Measured
400 523 749 932 0.70 3.72 4.24
Indicated
400 328 470 898 0.42 2.23 2.54
Measured plus Indicated
400 851 1,219 919 1.12 5.95 6.78
Inferred
400 279 400 912 0.36 1.92 2.18

 

·    CIM definitions are followed for classification of Mineral Resource.

·    Mineral Resource surface pit extent has been estimated using a lithium carbonate price of US10,000 US$/tonne and mining cost of US$2.00 per tonne, a lithium recovery of 80%, fixed density of 1.70 g/cm3 (1.43 tons/yd3)

·    Conversions: 1 metric tonne = 1.102 short tons, metric m3 = 1.308 yd3, Li2CO3:Li ratio = 5.32, LiOH.H2O:Li ratio = 6.05

·    Totals may not represent the sum of the parts due to rounding.

 

The estimates presented in Table 6.1 were prepared from a 3D block model of the lithium clay deposit found near surface of the Property. The model was built using available surface mapping and the results from 24 reverse circulation (RC) holes and 5 diamond core holes, totaling 29 drill holes. Estimates were constrained to the southeast of the current footprint of the Property due to ownership being limited to this area at the time. The geologic model was built by separating the model area into five fault blocks and estimating lithium grades across fault boundaries using a grade trend surface and an inverse distance squared algorithm.

 

The estimates were reported from an economic pit shell using a base case cutoff grade of 400 ppm lithium. The cutoff grade calculation reflected the expected mining and processing costs as well as expected revenue generated from lithium to produce a battery-grade lithium carbonate product at the effective date of April 15, 2020. The author is of the opinion that the estimates were reasonable and reflected the available information and market conditions for lithium at the time.

 

The Authors has not done sufficient work to classify these historical estimates as current mineral resources and the issuer is not treating the historical estimate as current mineral resources.

 

6.3Metallurgical Testing

 

Metallurgical testing undertaken in the Property and described in the previous technical report (Loveday, 2021) indicated that the lithium mineralized clay is responsive to direct acid leaching with no prior heat treatment.

 

 

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Indicative agitated leach tests, which are a style of direct acid leach, showed that over 90% of the lithium can be extracted in less than 60 minutes using acid leaching only. Table 6.2 shows the results from an agitated leach test with measurements taken at 10, 20, and 30 minutes. All measurements reported lithium extractions of greater than 90%.

 

Table 6.2
Agitated Leach Test Results

Leach Time [minutes] Lithium Extraction [%]
10 92
20 92
30 94

 

The results in Table 6.2 showed that no roasting/calcining of the mineralized material is required to efficiently extract the lithium for the ultimate production of a lithium hydroxide monohydrate or lithium carbonate product.

 

The test results have led to the development of a proposed processing flow sheet for a battery quality lithium hydroxide monohydrate product, which is simplified into the illustration shown in Figure 6-1.

 

 

 

 

 

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7GEOLOGIC SETTING AND MINERALIZATION

 

7.1Regional Geology

 

The Tonopah mining district lies to the east of a zone of disrupted structure, known as the Walker Lane tectonic belt, which separates the Sierra Nevada batholith from the Basin and Range province in the Great Basin of Nevada (Bonham and Garside, 1979). The Great Basin is a tectonic region west of the Rocky Mountains, that spans from southern Oregon to southern California and Arizona that underwent crustal extension and elevated thermal activity in the mid-Tertiary that developed the basin and range physiography. The ranges were comprised of fault-bounded mountain ranges that were dominantly composed of Proterozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, while the basins were filled with volcanic deposits and erosional detritus from the ranges.

 

The TLC Property is in the Tonopah mining district, which is centred around the town of Tonopah in Nye and Esmeralda Counties, Nevada. Within the mining district is the San Antonio Mountain range, a Tertiary aged complex that underwent intermittent volcanism between 35 m.y. and 10 m.y (Bonham and Garside, 1979). The TLC Property is directly to the west of this mountain range and has undergone several episodes of plutonic and volcanic activity. Plutonism in this area date to the Late Cretaceous, with intrusion of the Fraziers Well pluton and associated porphyry dykes (Bonham and Garside, 1979). These intrusions are shown as Kmi on Figure 7-1. Basin and Range faulting in the Tonopah area is estimated to have commenced approximately 16 to 17 m.y. ago, as indicated by the age of basinal deposits of the Siebert Formation, and the extrusion of olivine trachyandesite (Bonham and Garside, 1979). The Siebert Formation is composed of fluvatile and lacustrine epiclastic conglomerates, sandstone, siltstone, and lesser quantities of subaerially and subaqueously deposited tuffs (Bonham and Garside, 1979). Outcrops of the Siebert Formation are shown on Figure 7-1 as Ts3. North-trending faults in the area are estimated to be coeval with Basin and Range faulting (Bonham and Garside, 1979). There is evidence in the general areas of additional plutonism as the Siebert Formation is cut by intermediate (Ta2) to felsic plutons (Tr3) as shown on Figure 7-1.

 

7.2Local Geology

 

The local geology of the Property, as it is currently known, is shown on Figure 7-2. Surface mapping conducted at the southern half of the Property and throughout most of the Property is generally a Quaternary-aged flat alluvial outwash plane. The outwash plane is interspersed with shallow washes draining towards the west. The shallow washes partially expose underlying fines-dominant sediments and lithic tuffs of the Miocene-age Siebert Formation. Exploration drilling on the Property shows the outwash plane surface alluvium to have an average thickness of 22 ft (6.7 m). Alluvium ranges from 3 to 157 ft, with the thicker alluvium in the north regions of the property. Bordering the Property along the east-central edge is a predominant rhyolite intrusion, other volcanics occur at the southeast, northeast, and northwest Property edges.

 

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The dominant lithology below the alluvial cap varies throughout the Property. Below the alluvial cap, lithology as observed from drill hole records, are finely laminated claystone beds with lenses of sandstone and conglomerate with occasional volcanic tuff and ash layers. Collectively, this mixed unit of lacustrine sedimentary beds and minor volcanics is referred to as claystone or “upper claystone”. Underlying the upper claystone are tuffaceous sandstones and conglomerates collectively referred to as the basal tuff marker beds, which are grouped with additional lower claystone units. The basal tuff marker beds are more pronounced in the east and southeast areas of the Property. New drilling to the west and northwest demonstrated a continuation of the alternating clays and tuffs with additional claystone below the basal tuff marker bed. These claystone’s below and including the basal tuff marker beds are collectively referred to as “lower claystone”. The lower claystone’s suggests a deepening of a paleo basin westward. Below the lower claystone (basal tuff marker bed and deeper claystone) drilling has intercepted both tuffaceous crystalline basement and limestone (referred to as basement).

 

Ten (10) significant regional fault blocks were interpreted from the exploration data on the Property. Blocks 1 through 5 (southern blocks) are at the south end of the property, 6 and 7 (central blocks) at the center, and 8 through 10 (northern blocks) at the north. Regional blocks are more complex (additional smaller structural faults and/or features exist) and further review and studies are needed to better define the Property. The stratigraphy is additionally complex with Tertiary volcanic intrusions and tuffs occurring simultaneously with clastic paleo basin deposition within a region of ongoing typical Basin and Range faulting.

 

The northern blocks are divided from the central blocks by a normal fault (F2) with possible east-west strike-slip displacement as shown in Figure 7-2. The northern blocks are further separated by two normal high angle (northeast-southwest trending) faults that envelope a central downthrown block (block 9) that is interpreted as a paleo sub basin with a thickening of clay deposits.

 

South of the F2 fault, the central and southern regional blocks are separated by sets of both north-south and east-west trending high angle faults. The central and southern blocks are divided east to west by a dominant north-south trending fault (F1) with an average displacement of approximately 500 ft (152.4 m) of displacement in the south. Here the F1 fault separates shallower higher grade (greater than 500 ppm Li) lithium claystone in the east from same high grade lithium claystone in the west.

 

Eastern blocks (central block 7 and southern block 2) have elevated lithium concentrations occurring in the surficial alluvial, underlying claystone (upper claystone), and the basal tuff conglomerate units (grouped with lower claystone’s for modeling purpose). Here lithium grades are highest and most consistent in the upper claystone beds. In the western blocks (central block 6 and south block 1) there are additional elevated lithium concentrations at depth in lower claystone. The southern block 3 is a horst type block of volcanics interpreted as containing no claystone. Southern block 5 contains a shallow basal tuff conglomerate and block 4 appears to be a down dropped graben.

 

 

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The claystone and basal tuff conglomerate units are interpreted to be generally flat lying with a southwest dip. In surficial outcrops dips ranged from 29° southeast, 10° south, and 5° southwest with the variation interpreted as soft sediment deformation and local fault flexure. Figure 7-3 shows two generalized geological cross sections (A-A’ and B-B’) through the Property. Cross Section A-A’ is oriented looking northeast, and Cross Section B-B’ is oriented looking towards the north-northwest. The cross sections have a vertical exaggeration of 2:1.

 

Fault displacement on the property is estimated using bedding trends from available drill holes and displacement can vary up to hundreds of feet on the same fault plane for some. On Figure 7-2 the Property’s faults displacements are the estimated averages along the faults’ length. The northern interpreted graben (block 9) has an average displacement of approximately 300 ft (91.4 m) on the east and approximately 75 ft (22.9 m) on the west. The F2 fault dividing the north and central blocks has an average displacement of approximately 250 ft (76.2 m) where labelled in Figure 7-2. The F1 fault separating the central and southern block from east to west varies in displacement from only 10 ft (3.0 m) of displacement in the central block to approximately 500 ft (152.4 m) in the south. Other approximate relative displacements from high-angle faults enveloping fault blocks are labelled in Figure 7-2.

 

7.3Mineralization

 

Elevated lithium concentrations occur in eastern regional blocks on the property in the surface alluvial, underlying claystone (upper claystone), and basal tuff unit. Elevated lithium concentrations also occur within deeper clay units (lower claystone) in the western blocks 1 and 6 and northern block 9. The highest and most consistent lithium grades occur in the upper claystone beds that are located east of the F1 fault. Samples taken from the claystone at similar depths located west of the F1 Fault contain significantly less lithium (less than 400 ppm). East of the F1 fault, the lithium concentration is highest in a zone of about 150 ft (45.7 m) above the basal tuff; the lithium concentration tends to decrease higher in the sequence to the base of the alluvium.

 

The overall footprint of mineralized clays, with lithium concentrations greater than 500 ppm, is 7,500 acres (3,035 hectares) extending from just below surface weathering to a depth of approximately 1,000 ft (304.8 m) below surface.

 

 

 

 

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8DEPOSIT TYPES

 

Lithium deposits are hosted in pegmatites, continental brines, and clays. Where observed, elevated lithium concentrations in clay deposits occur in hydrologically closed basins that contain silicic volcanic rocks. These deposits are commonly ash-rich, lacustrine rocks that contain swelling clays (Asher-Bolinder, 1991). Common accessory rocks include volcanic flows and detritus, alluvial-fan and -flat and lacustrine rocks (Asher-Bolinder, 1991).

 

The USGS presented a descriptive model of lithium In smectites of closed basins in the 2011 Open File 11A. This model, identified as Model 25l.3(T) in the publication, proposed three forms of genesis for clay lithium deposits: the alteration of volcanic glass to lithium-rich smectite; precipitation from lacustrine waters; and incorporation of lithium into existing smectites. In each case, the depositional/diagenetic model is characterized by abundant magnesium, silicic volcanics, and an arid environment (Asher-Bolinder, 1991).

 

Recent publications on the relationship between lacustrine sediments and brines in the Clayton Valley area by Coffey et al (2022) indicate the release of lithium in source rock clays within sedimentary basin fill bulk sediments upon hydration and increasing temperatures at depth. The experimental findings also indicate an increase in lithium concentrations within the bulk sediments with increasing depth. A 3-D schematic of the lithostratigraphic units that generally constitute the closed sedimentary basin of Clayton Valley is shown in Figure 8-1 (Coffey et al., 2022). Lithium enrichment within the subsurface sediments is hypothesized to occur through ionic exchange and ion adsorption under water-rock interactions.

 

Typical mineralized body dimensions for this deposit type are proposed to be up to several meters in thickness and to extend laterally by a few kilometers. The structural setting, host lithologies, and mineralization observed on the TLC Property is similar to the lithium in smectite clay model proposed by Asher-Bolinder (1991).

 

 

 

 

 

 

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9EXPLORATION

 

The exploration and data that has occurred since the previous Technical Report (Loveday, 2021) is described in this section. Prior exploration is summarized in Section 6.

 

In 2020 a sonic drilling campaign completed 7 holes between November 1, 2020 and December 18, 2020. Five (5) holes were drilled central to the property and the remaining 2 were twins of older holes. The 2020 sonic holes were drilled by Boart Longyear using a 7” diameter sonic tool. In 2021 a reverse circulation (RC) drilling campaign of 6 holes was undertaken on the north end of the property between October 26, 2021 and December 2, 2021. The 2021 RC holes were drilled by Harris Exploration Drilling and Associates (Harris) of San Diego, California using a T-685 Schramm rig completing 5.5” diameter holes using standard RC methods.

 

In 2022 there were 29 RC holes, 10 diamond core holes, and 1 sonic core hole completed between January 8, 2022 and June 26, 2022. Additional holes to those listed above were completed in 2022 but not all information was available at the time of the effective date of this Technical Report. The 2022 RC holes were drilled by Harris, diamond core holes by First Drilling LLC of Montrose, Colorado using a LF-100 rig coring at either PQ3 (3.3” (122.6mm)) or HQ (2.5” (63.5 mm) diameter. The sonic core hole was drilled by Q&D Construction of Sparks, Nevada using a 6” diameter tool.

 

During the drilling campaign an American Lithium geologist oversaw the drilling and sampling operations. In 2022 some drill holes encountered groundwater in the deeper western RC holes and sonic holes where water was assumed to perched. Four (4) piezometers were being installed late in 2022 and the hydrogeologic details are not yet available.

 

In November 2021 Pioneer Exploration Consultants Ltd. (Pioneer) completed an airborne magnetic survey using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) over the TLC claims at the request of American Lithium. The details of the magnetic survey were recorded in an American Lithium UAV Aeromagnetic Survey Logistics Report (Pioneer, 2021). Three Levelled and Microlevelled Drone Magnetic Survey maps were generated from this report: Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI-RTP) in nT units, First Vertical Derivative (1VD) in nT/m units, and Analytical Signal (AS) in nT/m units. The magnetic survey covered only the southern half of the property and was not utilized for the purpose of resource estimation in this Technical Report.

 

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10DRILLING

 

A combination of reverse circulation (RC), sonic core, and diamond core holes have been drilled on the TLC Property. Drilling began in 2019 and is planned to continue in the next few years. The previous technical report (Loveday, 2021) drillhole database included holes from the 2019 and 2020 winter drilling campaigns and consisted of 24 RC holes and 5 core holes totaling 29 drill holes. For this Technical Report update, an additional 53 drill holes were completed for a total of 82 drill holes used to define the mineral resource estimate as outlined in Section 14.

 

The additional 53 drill holes considered for this technical report includes the following: 7 sonic core drill holes during the 2020 summer campaign, 6 RC drill holes during the 2021 drilling campaign, and during the 2022 campaign: 1 sonic core, ten (10) diamond core, and twenty-nine (29) RC drill holes. Table 10.1 shows the list of drill hole locations used within the model with their details on year, depth, and type.

 

Data for the added 53 drillholes were provided as individual files for both lithology and laboratory assays by American Lithium staff. Lithology was received by either Excel or .dat files exported from Rock Ware Inc. software. The assay data was provided by excel spreadsheets often accompanied by the original laboratory PDF certificates. Information on sample depths and QA/QC samples were acquired from a combination of the files mentioned above and follow up communications with American Lithium staff. Stantec complied the individual data files into a an Excel and MinePlan software (v16.0.4) Torque database for insertion into a MinePlan geologic model.

 

In Table 10.1 lists the drill hole collar locations in Nevada State Plane Central Zone NAD83 coordinates. Hole locations are shown on Figure 10-1. The initial drill hole collar information was recorded using a handheld GPS device and collar elevations in UTM NAD83 or NAD27 meters. In Table 10.1 the hole original hole locations have been converted to State Plane NAD83 using either ESRI GIS or Expert GPS software. Elevations were adjusted to match the elevations of US Geological survey open-source topography data received as raster digital data (1 arc-second (10 meter) resolution). All holes are vertical.

 

 

 

 

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Table 10.1
TLC Property Drilling

Hole Name Year Report Easting (X)
NAD83 SP Central
Northing (Y)
NAD83 SP Central
Elevation (ft) Total Depth (ft) Hole Type Azimuth and Dip
** Used in Loveday (2021) Technical Report Model      * Additional drilling
C1901 2019 ** 1464408.474 20924110.99 5601.0 393 Core 0  / -90
C1917 2019 ** 1462501.784 20926891.11 5540.7 408 Core 0  / -90
C1919 2019 ** 1461758.623 20922837.24 5503.5 248 Core 0  / -90
C1920 2019 ** 1464355.666 20926769.58 5614.0 343 Core 0  / -90
C1921 2019 ** 1466849.019 20926504.63 5699.1 208 Core 0  / -90
R1901 2019 ** 1464388.744 20924101.21 5601.0 345 RC 0  / -90
R1902 2019 ** 1465233.08 20923428.65 5630.0 300 RC 0  / -90
R1903 2019 ** 1466160.377 20923008.51 5669.9 340 RC 0  / -90
R1904 2019 ** 1465670.961 20921983 5640.4 300 RC 0  / -90
R1905 2019 ** 1464492.681 20921970.82 5589.1 300 RC 0  / -90
R1906 2019 ** 1466796.23 20921857.52 5692.0 300 RC 0  / -90
R1907 2019 ** 1465011.542 20921141.9 5626.0 300 RC 0  / -90
R1908 2019 ** 1466545.409 20920555.48 5680.2 300 RC 0  / -90
R1909 2019 ** 1465386.69 20920507.12 5644.3 255 RC 0  / -90
R1910 2019 ** 1463391.622 20922440.83 5552.1 300 RC 0  / -90
R1911 2019 ** 1463399.204 20921810.66 5544.9 300 RC 0  / -90
R1912 2019 ** 1463445.319 20923684.5 5567.8 320 RC 0  / -90
R1913 2019 ** 1465217.846 20924669.3 5638.3 300 RC 0  / -90
R1914 2019 ** 1466069.639 20925158.54 5681.3 300 RC 0  / -90
R1915 2019 ** 1466993.524 20925617.98 5707.8 300 RC 0  / -90
R1916 2019 ** 1463716.6 20925199.81 5589.7 340 RC 0  / -90
R1917 2019 ** 1462511.625 20926891.08 5541.2 440 RC 0  / -90
R1918 2019 ** 1462563.926 20923175.68 5532.6 300 RC 0  / -90
R2001 2020 ** 1459125.693 20921711.13 5401.5 400 RC 0  / -90
R2002 2020 ** 1461429.281 20928916.67 5493.4 400 RC 0  / -90
R2003 2020 ** 1463094.029 20929133.86 5536.6 400 RC 0  / -90
R2004 2020 ** 1467757.51 20924505.91 5723.9 295 RC 0  / -90
R2005 2020 ** 1459827.607 20924330.92 5448.8 455 RC 0  / -90
R2006 2020 ** 1461422.781 20928936.39 5491.7 115 RC 0  / -90
S20S1 2020 * 1456384.801 20934379.6 5314.9 247 Sonic 0  / -90
S20S2 2020 * 1458022.806 20934462.35 5343.3 307 Sonic 0  / -90
S20S3 2020 * 1458577.613 20933183.95 5395.5 526 Sonic 0  / -90
S20S4 2020 * 1459582.087 20931249.26 5420.5 400 Sonic 0  / -90
S20S5 2020 * 1460806.099 20929831.33 5482.7 267 Sonic 0  / -90
S20S6 2020 * 1464372.375 20924115.06 5601.1 393 Sonic 0  / -90
S20S7 2020 * 1462534.605 20923165.52 5531.0 300 Sonic 0  / -90
R2101 2021 * 1466961.193 20947283.92 5851.2 540 RC 0  / -90

 

 

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Table 10.1 (Cont’d)

Hole Name Year Report Easting (X)
NAD83 SP Central
Northing (Y)
NAD83 SP Central
Elevation (ft) Total Depth (ft) Hole Type Azimuth and Dip
R2102 2021 * 1465262.189 20945380.31 5752.5 700 RC 0  / -90
R2103 2021 * 1465118.535 20944029.5 5719.9 600 RC 0  / -90
R2104 2021 * 1463111.389 20942464.9 5589.1 410 RC 0  / -90
R2105 2021 * 1462576.017 20941213.21 5617.0 800 RC 0  / -90
R2106 2021 * 1460083.344 20940998.38 5548.8 855 RC 0  / -90
C2201 2022 * 1466628.946 20924091.52 5680.7 301 Core 0  / -90
C2202 2022 * 1467577.74 20923183.34 5727.0 260 Core 0  / -90
C2203 2022 * 1468175.648 20922080.1 5747.4 261 Core 0  / -90
C2204 2022 * 1465473.232 20926277.81 5653.3 350 Core 0  / -90
C2205 2022 * 1466840.245 20927572.55 5690.6 342 Core 0  / -90
C2206 2022 * 1465466.746 20927567.69 5638.9 351 Core 0  / -90
C2208 2022 * 1460688.686 20922477.26 5467.6 647 Core 0  / -90
C2209 2022 * 1460698.966 20925438.01 5484.4 300 Core 0  / -90
C2210 2022 * 1461874.52 20926052.09 5530.0 350 Core 0  / -90
C2211 2022 * 1464213.237 20928823.42 5577.0 500 Core 0  / -90
R2201 2022 * 1455845.02 20936542.8 5293.3 700 RC 0  / -90
R2202 2022 * 1456892.321 20938910.24 5389.9 955 RC 0  / -90
R2203 2022 * 1454567.273 20936355.77 5258.0 540 RC 0  / -90
R2204 2022 * 1466546.756 20920569.96 5681.0 540 RC 0  / -90
R2205 2022 * 1470180.18 20925929.8 5834.7 400 RC 0  / -90
R2206 2022 * 1470711.173 20924200.33 5863.6 300 RC 0  / -90
R2207 2022 * 1471284.114 20922408.33 5895.0 300 RC 0  / -90
R2208 2022 * 1471785.936 20920772.3 5899.4 580 RC 0  / -90
R2209 2022 * 1472102.027 20919546.39 5867.0 600 RC 0  / -90
R2210 2022 * 1469693.733 20918975.4 5771.6 540 RC 0  / -90
R2211 2022 * 1467728.145 20918920.32 5717.1 400 RC 0  / -90
R2212 2022 * 1459048.002 20931848.29 5423.8 1000 RC 0  / -90
R2213 2022 * 1460043.384 20922011.13 5445.4 725 RC 0  / -90
R2214 2022 * 1452758.37 20923883.27 5210.8 635 RC 0  / -90
R2215 2022 * 1456726.364 20921330.58 5338.0 980 RC 0  / -90
R2216 2022 * 1465473.034 20928789.03 5620.5 440 RC 0  / -90
R2217 2022 * 1456217.707 20918718.35 5336.4 975 RC 0  / -90
R2218 2022 * 1463885.861 20919252.81 5586.0 500 RC 0  / -90
R2219 2022 * 1452966.403 20919031.23 5256.7 955 RC 0  / -90
R2220 2022 * 1459999.14 20919253.68 5451.5 700 RC 0  / -90
R2221 2022 * 1456796.718 20923696.38 5330.8 645 RC 0  / -90
R2222 2022 * 1457266.01 20925411.61 5361.9 600 RC 0  / -90
R2223 2022 * 1457117.724 20926804.44 5359.3 700 RC 0  / -90
R2224 2022 * 1459622.347 20927903.11 5441.0 780 RC 0  / -90

 

 

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Table 10.1 (Cont’d)

Hole Name Year Report Easting (X)
NAD83 SP Central
Northing (Y)
NAD83 SP Central
Elevation (ft) Total Depth (ft) Hole Type Azimuth and Dip
R2225 2022 * 1460301.014 20920514.53 5465.8 680 RC 0  / -90
R2226 2022 * 1461274.989 20919256.37 5493.4 1000 RC 0  / -90
R2227 2022 * 1462621.165 20919282.69 5537.5 600 RC 0  / -90
R2228 2022 * 1459180.762 20919022.16 5426.6 720 RC 0  / -90
R2229 2022 * 1461302.324 20920543.47 5500.7 940 RC 0  / -90
S2201 2022 * 1461136.643 20929521.03 5483.8 320 Sonic 0  / -90

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Drilling was completed by the operators discussed in Section 9 and TLC geologists completed logging and sampling activities. Field drilling, logging, and sampling actives are described below. Further sampling details are discussed in Section 11.

 

Reverse Circulation Drilling and Field Sampling

 

RC drilling was performed with hammer-bit drilling and dual tube recovery system using injected drill fluids to maintain drill cutting flow to the surface, without contact with drill hole walls. All RC cuttings and fluids were passed through a cyclone equipped with an adjustable rotary splitter. This splitter produced one outlet for the sample with the remaining drill fluids and cuttings discharged to the drill sump. The drillers and/or samplers monitor the standard five-foot (1.5 m) sample run length including cutting surface lag and drill hole volume. Other parameters monitored and logged by the drill sampler include penetration rates, hole conditions, and fluid color. Rig lubricants were specified to exclude Li-bearing material.

 

Samples are collected in a numbered sturdy cloth bag stabilized in a bucket below the splitter sample outlet and are set and removed by the rig sampler as directed by the geologist and driller. Five-foot (5 ft) (1.52 meter) intervals are collected as a single sample, assigned a number by drill hole and footage, for example “TLC1901-220-225”. A 2-3 kg sample volume was maintained. A rig duplicate sample, marked with the suffix “D,” is collected every 50 ft. A 2mm wash screen is placed in the splitter discharge and retrieved with each sample. For each hole, chip trays with compartments assigned with consecutive 5-foot intervals are filled with screen washed chips and labeled with footages onsite by the drill sampler or American Lithium geologist.

 

Diamond Core Drilling

 

Drill core was boxed at the drill rig and footages labeled by the drillers. Footage blocks are also inserted within boxes between the approximate 5-foot (5 ft) runs for further reference. Am American Lithium geologist monitored field processes early in the drill campaign and when onsite. Boxed core was retrieved and transported from the drill rig by American Lithium personnel and occasionally by the drillers to the TLC storage facility in Tonopah, Nevada for further QC and logging.

 

Sonic Drilling

 

Sonic core samples arrive at the surface via plastic sheathing in approximate 3 ft lengths with footage labeled by the driller. The bags are then split length wise and laid down in a row for logging by the American Lithium geologist. After logging the continuous samples were placed in a numbered sturdy cloth bag and later samples are chosen for analysis. Extra samples were either staged onsite or transported to the TLC storage facility.

 

 

 

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11SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES & SECURITY

 

11.1Sampling Method and Approach

 

The drill samples were transported daily by the American Lithium geologist to the TLC storage facility (TLC facility) in Tonopah, Nevada where all final sample preparations were completed. This facility is east of town in a fenced, secured yard with a tall and 800 sq ft warehouse. All samples were either transported by American Lithium personnel to the laboratories in Reno, Nevada or picked up by laboratory personnel. No independent couriers were involved and sample submittal forms were generated with the lab deliveries. Specifics on the separate drill type samples are discussed below. Blank samples and certified reference material (CRM) standards are either stored at the facility or securely off-site. After analysis, extra samples including core, pulps, RC chips, and rejects were returned and archived at the TLC facility or a second secured storage facility in Tonopah.

 

Reverse Circulation Samples

 

Once onsite bagged samples were sealed, they are committed to analyses, with no splitting, logging, or examination allowed. The daily samples, once at the facility, were verified for sample count and sequence, logged in binders, and reviewed against the drill sampler’s paper records. QA/QC samples including CRM standards, blank material, or sample duplicates were inserted about every tenth sample. RC chips are stored at the storage facilities for further detail logging as needed.

 

Diamond Drill Core Samples

 

Once the labeled drill core boxes arrive at the TLC facility, an American Lithium geologist cross checks and inventories the received boxes and footages. After box numbering is checked, core is first rinsed if needed, photographed, then measured for recovery and footages, and assessed for RQD properties.

 

Geologic logging is performed by American Lithium geologists in a mix of natural and artificial light. Lithology, color, grain size, hardness, and texture are recorded, and sedimentary structures, bedding details, sorting, and grading are described when present. This data is recorded on paper log forms and later entered into Rockware software by the geologist.

 

Sample intervals are assigned by the geologist after logging, based on either geologic breaks or approximate 5 ft (1.52m) lengths. Unique drill hole sample numbers are assigned with consecutive numbers. Consecutive numbers allow for the insertion of QA/QC materials throughout the drill hole sample stream, and all sample numbers are recorded. Core is given a brief examination with short wave UV light at this time, and color and intensity of any fluorescence is noted in the log.

 

 

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After core is logged, samples are split on site by sawing longitudinally with a diamond saw utilizing fresh water supply. One half of the core is placed in numbered sturdy cloth bags and the other half retained in the core box and stored for future reference or metallurgical sampling.

 

Quality assurance (QA) material was inserted approximately every tenth sample for an effective 10% insertion rate. Coarse prep blank material, duplicate samples, and CRM standards are used about equally. Coarse blanks provide a test on both sample preparation and analysis, and are composed of crushed cinder blocks, manufactured in Reno from quarried rhyolite. CRM standards are purchased from Moment Exploration Geochemistry (MEG) of Spring Creek, Nevada. Two CRM standards are used: Li.10.11 and Li.10.15. These are both quantified natural claystone from Clayton Valley, not synthetic material. Duplicate samples are cut as quarter-core from the assigned interval and submitted in the sample stream.

 

Sonic Samples

 

Sonic samples were collected after sonic core was logged at the drill site. Sample were labeled consecutively with QA/QC inserts located at either 20-foot or 50-foot intervals. Duplicates were not generated for the sonic samples. Both blanks and CRM Standard were inserted at 8% of total samples.

 

11.2Laboratory Analyses

 

Two laboratories were used for the 2020 summer and 2022 drilling campaigns, American Assay Laboratory (AAL) and Paragon Geochemical (Paragon). Both laboratories submitted certified PDFs and electronic data deliverables (edd’s) of sample test results to American Lithium after completion.

 

AAL of 1500 Glendale Ave, Sparks, Nevada, is an ISO 17025 accredited, Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) approved lab, and is independent of the issuer. AAL conducts in house quality control with suitable blanks, CRM standards and duplicates. At the laboratory samples were crushed by fine crushing of dried sample to 90% passing 2 mm (0.07 in) (method FC-90), pulverize 1 kg (2.2 pounds) split to 85% passing 75 micron (method PV-1) and a 0.5 g (.017 oz) subsample under goes a 5 acid (HNO3, HF, hClO4,HCl and H3BO3) digestion and analyzed for 48 elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma -Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry (ICP-OES+ICP-MS; method ICP5AM48).

 

Paragon laboratory of 1555 Industrial Way Sparks, Nevada is an ISO/IEC17025 certified commercial laboratory with over 50 years of experience analyzing geological material and is independent of the issuer. Paragon conducts in house quality control with suitable blanks, CRM standards and duplicates. The analytical procedure used a 48-element suite; 0.25g Multi-Acid dig/ICP-MS with similar preparations as describe above.

 

 

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Stantec entered the primary analysis test results into a MinePlan software Torque database to be used to build the geologic model and resource estimate described in Section 14. No analyses were performed on five sonic holes (S20S1, S20S2, S20S5, S20S6, S20S7) and RC hole R2006. Analysis for hole R2219 was received after geologic modeling was completed though assay results from this hole were assessed as part of an overall QA/QC check.

 

11.3Quality Control

 

The MinePlan Torque database primary assay for the new drill holes were generated directly from cut and paste insertion of lab edds and then footages appended from drilling records. This database was then given to American Lithium for review and again reviewed by the Qualified person with a 10% audit for lithology entries and a 20% audit for assays. The QA/QC database i.e. blanks, duplicates and CRM’s, were similarly developed and reviewed. The QA/QC database consist of 5,560 samples from 53 additional drill holes completed since the prior Technical Report (Loveday, 2021) and 543 associated QA/QC samples.

 

Sample submittal forms were used as chain of custody (COC) documentation upon lab deliveries at each lab. Additional relevant security included emails that were generated from AAL that provided a more detail list of each sample received once they were confirmed, checked in and logged into their system. For Paragon one COC was available for review which included four drill holes.

 

The QA/QC database included an insertion rate of 9.8% QA/QC samples divided as follows: 3.5% CRM standards; 3.4% blanks; and 2.9% duplicates. RC rig duplicates were collected every 50 ft (15 m), nominally 10%, with many swapped for a CRM standard or blank. For core samples a QA/QC sample was inserted every 10th sample and for sonic samples QA/QC samples were inserted at 8% semi-randomly and did not include duplicates.

 

CRM standards used for QA/QC were purchased from Minerals Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry, Inc (MEG), of Reno, Nevada. CRM’s include standard references for analytical accuracy confirmation and are made up of MEG-Li.10.11 (field label SRM1) and MEG-Li.10.15 (field label SRM2) and MEG-BLANK.14.03. On receipt of standards and blanks they are generally noted for their specified values and confidence range. A statistical 95% confidence range (approximately 2 standard deviations) is used for CRM standards. Lithium concentrations less than 50 ppm is acceptable for blank samples. Repeat samples (duplicates) were considered best within 10% of the original value but acceptable if root mean squared analysis (R2) is above 0.95.

 

Blanks and Duplicates

 

For the additional 53 drill holes American Lithium assayed 186 blanks and all where below 50 ppm, with one exception at 54.2 ppm and 77% of the blank samples were at or below 15 ppm. The blank lithium assay results are displayed in Figure 11-1 and arranged in order of date. A color strip in Figure 11-1 denotes which laboratory the analysis was conducted. One item of note is samples run between 96-157 as shown in Figure 11-1 (May 12, 2022-August 1, 2022) did not show any detectable lithium which is in contrast with the rest of the sample stream that detected some, though very small quantities of lithium. This same sample range is noted again within the CRM standards results described below.

 

 

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Duplicate analysis showed positive repeatability, with a R2 value of 0.9856 on 161 duplicate pairs as shown in Figure 11-2. Ninety percent (90%) of all duplicates were within 20% of the original assay result, and 71% were within 10% of the original assay result.

 

CRM Standards

 

Table 11.1 displays the CRM standards used for the sample stream. There are three acceptable target grades published for the two CRM’s arranged by date from oldest to most recent at the bottom of Table 11.1. The Qualified Person is of the opinion that the CRM standards ranges used in the prior technical report (Loveday, 2021), dated May 1, 2017 in Table 11.1, are most reasonable given the large differences in ranges between more recently published standards as shown in Table 11.1. All three sets of these ranges are plotted with the CRM standards QA/QC data on Figures 11.3 and 11.4 for reference.

 

Table 11.1
Vendor Certified Reference Material Ranges

Standard

Lithium Low

2SD (ppm)

Lithium Mean (ppm) Lithium High 2SD (ppm)

Reference

Li/Br CRM

SRM1 (MEG10.11) 630 720 810 MEG May 1, 2017
SRM2 (MEG10.15) 1,304 1,600 1,870 MEG May 1, 2017
SRM1 (MEG10.11) 448 744 1,040 MEG Aug 31, 2022
SRM2 (MEG10.15) 929 1,579 2,229 MEG Aug 31, 2022
SRM1 (MEG10.11) 665.1 723.1 781.1 MEG Sept 1, 2022
SRM2 (MEG10.15) 1396.8 1606.4 1816.0 MEG Sept 1, 2022

 

 

 

 

 

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 11-6

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The CRMs inserted at the AAL laboratory showed good adherence to CRM Standard ranges of Table 11.1 for both the MEG-Li.10.11 and MEG-Li.10.15 Standards. At AAL Lab, of the 50 samples run for MEG-Li.10.11 all but three were within tolerance and of the 43 samples run for MEG-Li.10.15 all were within tolerance with two on the 95 % confidence limit line. At Paragon labs the CRMs inserted did not show consistent adherence to reference ranges, specifically during the second sample batch. The time frame of sampling for Paragon lab is shown on figures 11.4 and 11.5 and discussed below.

 

Paragons first batch of sampling was processed from March through April, 2022. The March sample (drill hole S2201) does adhere well to both standards as shown in figure 11.4 and 11.5. Samples in April (which include drill holes R2207 through R2213) show some outliers, but most fall within two standard deviations of the target CRM grade.

 

The second batch of Paragon labs samples processed from May through August, 2022. Results were reasonable for both standards at the start and end of this period,. However, as shown in figure 11.4 and 11.5, significant outliers can be observed in CRM results between June and early August 2022 (which includes drill holes R2218 through R2224 and C2201 through C2206). CRM from hole C2204 was analyzed toward the end of August also had an outlier spike in the MEG-Li.10.15 standard as shown in Figure 11-4.

 

Further investigation is required to pinpoint this QA/QC deviation. The drillholes analyzed at Paragon during this timeframe should be flagged and further investigation conducted to validate the results. The blank standard also showed inconsistencies in their results during the same period as discussed above.

 

11.4Adequacy of Laboratory Procedures and Sample Security

 

It is the opinion of the Qualified Person, following an audit of QA/QC assay data, that the exploration data is adequate for the basis for building a geologic model and estimation of lithium resources. However, drill hole samples analyzed at Paragon lab between the dates of June through August 2022 should be retested and or other investigations conducted to verify their results.

 

 

 

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12DATA VERIFICATION

 

An audit of the 53 additional drill holes since the prior Technical Report (Loveday, 2021) has been completed by the Authors and Qualified Persons. Only lithium analyses were reviewed in detail during the QA/QC.

 

12.1Property Inspection 2021 and 2022

 

The goals of the site investigation were to verify drill hole sample practices, lithologic breaks in core and RC chips samples, and verify drill hole locations.

 

12.1.1Property Investigation, Sample and Documentation Review

 

While on-site, the Authors conducted general geological inspection of the TLC Property, including a review of the surface formations, downhole lithologies and rock types, historical diggings, and drill collar locations. The Authors reviewed the TLC storage faculties and field data collection procedures on going at the time. At the storage facilities the TLC core boxes and RC chip trays were found to be well labeled and organized by footage. The Authors were accompanied by American Lithium representatives. Figures 12-1 and 12-2 display information and photographs from the two sites visits discussed below.

 

An initial property investigation was completed by Qualified Person Derek Loveday on December 16th and 17th, 2021 which included a visit to the sample storage facilities and the verification of a few drill hole locations and assay grades. The Property visit was limited due to poor weather conditions. Mr. Loveday was able to verify select high- and low-grade intervals using American Lithium’s portable LIBS tool for drill holes R2104 and R2106.

 

A second site visit was completed Qualified Person Joan Kester on July 20th and 21st, 2022. For the second visit the property was easily accessible by 4x4 via both paved and dirt roads. Active drilling was ongoing during the field visit and at the recently completed sites the sumps were being evaporated before backfilling and BLM reclamation efforts. Where outcrops were available surficial structural features were documented. At the warehouse facility active core drilling and logging was ongoing. Several sets of core boxes were awaiting detailed logging and were all well organized and labeled. While at site drill hole C2211 was actively being logged. Field documents for QA/QC insertion was reviewed for C2206, C2209 (samples in process of being split for analysis), and C2211. C2208 samples were being made ready for laboratory delivery.

 

Ms. Kester was able to photograph and review several available core, RC and sonic chips. Select RC, core and sonic holes (S20S5, R1901, R2105, R2201, R2204, R2211, R2218, C1917, and C2211) were reviewed for accurate lithologic reporting and completeness. Samples were chosen to represent a wide spatial location across the Property. Chip observations against original geologists’ descriptions and assay certificates indicated no material discrepancies or concerns.

 

 

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12.1.2Drill Hole Location Validation

 

The site inspection confirmed that drill hole collars provided by American Lithium staff were accurate and verified by using both real time ArcGIS Field Maps software, a hand-held Garmin GPSmap 62S GPS and a Trimble GeoXT 6000 series GPS. Recent drill hole locations visited all had visible drill hole marker tags, and at older sites in reclamations there was clear evidence of drilling activity.

 

During the site investigation of the Property, the Qualified Persons located at least one drill collar from all the new drilling campaigns (Sonic 2020, RC 2021, and 2202 Sonic, Core, and RC). The tracks from the first field visit (blue) and locations from the second field visit (yellow) is shown in Figure 12-1. Some the drill hole pads visited include: S20S5, S2201, R2101, R2102, R2201, R2203, R2207, R2212, R2217, and C2206.

 

12.1.3Data Validation Limitations

 

The Qualified Persons did not complete the following:

 

·Laboratory inspections of AAL and Paragon labs were not completed by the Qualified Person.

 

·The Qualified Person did not independently witness sample collection and methodology at the drill pads.

 

12.2Opinion of the Independent Qualified Person

 

In the Qualified Person’s opinion, that the field procedures, sample preparation and log documentation, security, and analytical methods meet industry standards. The quality of the warehouse organization and in process documentation are adequate. The Qualified Person is confident that the samples and associated laboratory datasets, with the exceptions noted in Section 11, used in this Technical Report are accurate.

 

 

 

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13MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING

 

Additional composite bulk samples have been taken from drill cores and RC chip samples since the prior technical report (Loveday, 2021). These are outlined below:

 

·A composite bulk sample from core hole C1917 was sent to McClellan laboratories. Three samples (4462, 4548, 4560) were collected between a depth interval of 155 ft (47.2 m) to 335 ft (102.1 m) and had a combined head grade of 1,330 ppm Li.

 

·A single composite RC sample (1020) was collected from select intervals from holes R2002, R2003, R1910, R1914, R1913, R1902, R1903, R1904, R1908, R1911, R1912, R1915, R1916, and R1917 and sent to Hazen Research Inc. where a head grade of 1,210 ppm Li was measured.

 

·Composite core samples (sample S6) from sonic hole 20S6 were sent to ANSTO laboratories in Australia where a head grade of 1,172 ppm was measured.

 

·An entire hole composite sample (sample S7) from hole S20S7, a twin of hole R1918, was sent to McClelland laboratories where a head grade of 968 ppm Li was measured.

 

The metallurgical testing program is managed by DRA Global Limited (DRA), an independent engineering company to American Lithium and Stantec. The results and associated interpretation of the metallurgical testing is still in progress and will be released in a Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) Report that is to follow this Technical Report. Table 13. 2 is a list of metallurgical tests currently being assessed by DRA.

 

 

 

Table 13.2
In Progress Metallurgical Testing

Laboratory Tests performed
Caltest Analytical Laboratory Water analysis
Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory Clay Analysis
McClelland Laboratories Roasting
Comminution
Centrifuge
Flotation
SGS Pre-Concentration Upgrade
- mass balance centrifuge
- mini cyclone
- hydro separation
- magnetic separation
Arithmetek Inc. Leach modeling

 

 

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14MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES

 

14.1Approach

 

In accordance with the requirements of NI 43-101 and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Definition Standards, the Qualified Persons employed at Stantec validated the drill hole and sample data set and created a geologic model for the purposes of generating lithium resource estimates from the lithium clay deposit within the TLC Property.

 

The geologic model described below was used as the basis for estimating mineral resources on the TLC Property.

 

14.2Basis for Resource Estimation

 

NI 43-101 specifies that the definitions of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) Guidelines be used for the identification of resources. The CIM Resource and Reserve Definition Committee have produced the following statements which are restated here in the format originally provided in the CIM Reserve Resource Definition document:

 

“Mineral Resources are sub-divided, in order of increasing geological confidence, into Inferred, Indicated and Measured categories. An Inferred Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applied to an Indicated Mineral Resource. An Indicated Mineral Resource has a higher level of confidence than an Inferred Mineral Resource but has a lower level of confidence than a Measured Mineral Resource.”

 

The Definition of Resources is as follows:

 

“A Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of material of economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust in such form, quality and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, continuity and other geological characteristics of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge, including sampling.”

 

“Material of economic interest refers to diamonds, natural inorganic material, or natural fossilized organic material including base and precious metals, coal, and industrial minerals.” Lithium falls under the industrial minerals’ category.

 

The committee went on to state that:

 

“The term Mineral Resource covers mineralization and natural material of intrinsic economic interest which has been identified and estimated through exploration and sampling and within which Mineral Reserves may subsequently be defined by the consideration and application of technical, economic, legal, environmental, socioeconomic and governmental factors. The phrase ‘reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction’ implies a judgment by the Qualified Person in respect of the technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospect of economic extraction. Interpretation of the word ‘eventual’ in this context may vary depending on the commodity or mineral involved. For example, for some coal, iron, potash deposits and other bulk minerals or commodities, it may be reasonable to envisage ‘eventual economic extraction’ as covering time periods in excess of 50 years. However, for many gold deposits, application of the concept would normally be restricted to perhaps 10 to 15 years, and frequently to much shorter periods of time.”

 

 

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Extraction of lithium from lithium clay deposits is most similar to bulk mineral commodities such as coal and potash and as such eventual economic extraction can cover time periods in excess of 50 years depending on the size and concentration of lithium in the clay.

 

14.3Data Sources

 

Information used to compile the geologic models used for resource estimation included the following data provided by American Lithium:

 

·exploration drill hole logs;
·drill hole sample data;
·surface geologic maps;
·geologic cross sections;
·2018 Technical Report (Chapman, 2018);
·2020 Technical Report (Loveday, 2021); and
·2021 Technical Report (Turner, 2021).

  

The drill hole sample data included chip and core samples. Details on drilling and sampling methods are detailed in Section 10 and 11 of this report. Although surface grab samples have been taken in the past, as described by (Chapman, 2018), these sample results were not used in this geologic model for resource estimation due to the inconsistencies in lithium concentrations due to surface weathering. The locations of the drill holes used in the geologic model are shown on Figure 14-1.

 

Surface geologic maps provided by American Lithium included surface mapping undertaken by American Lithium geologists in combination with mapping recorded with the U.S. Geological Survey that is freely available through open sources and mapping described by Turner (2021). Additional information acquired by Stantec and used in the development of this geologic model included surface topography data also available through open sources. The surface topography data was received as raster digital data with 1 arc-second resolution. The data was deemed accurate for the purposes of estimating resources on the Property considering the generally flat topography as can be observed on Figure 14-1.

 

 

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14.4Model

 

The geologic model used for reporting of lithium resources was developed using Hexagon Mining’s geological modelling and mine planning software, MinePlan version 16.0.4. MinePlan is widely used throughout the mining industry for digital resource model development. Hexagon Mining’s suite of interpretive and modelling tools is well-suited to meet the resource estimation requirements for the TLC Property.

 

The geologic model from which lithium resources are reported is a 3D block model. The model limits and block size are outlined in Table 14.1 and the plan view extent of the geologic model is shown on Figure 14-1. The model was developed using the Nevada State Plane Central Zone NAD83 coordinate system and U.S. customary units.

 

Table 14.1
Block Model Parameters

Coordinate Minimum Maximum Range (ft) Block (ft)
Easting 1,449,600 1,472,300 22,700 50
Northing 20,913,800 20,948,300 34,500 50
Elevation 3,750 6,350 2,600 20

 

 

14.4.1 Model Inputs

 

Inputs used in the construction of the geologic model and resource estimation include the following:

 

·Surface topography;
·Surface geologic maps and cross sections;
·Drill hole locations for 59 RC holes, 15 core holes and 8 sonic holes;
·Drill hole chip and core log descriptions;
·5,939 chip samples from 57 RC holes;
·1,076 core samples from 15 core holes;
·187 core samples from 3 sonic holes and;
·27 rock density test results (g/cm3).

 

 

14.4.2 Surface Topography and Weathering

 

Public domain surface topography data was used to generate a 2D grid of surface topography using a triangulation algorithm. The 2D grid origin and resolution was the same as that used in the 3D block model as shown in Table 14.1. All model grid files used the same origin and resolution.

 

 

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 14-4
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Depth of surface weathering was recorded from the log descriptions and estimated into a 2D-grid using an inverse distance square (IDW2) algorithm. A base of surface weathering elevation grid was generated by subtracting depth of the surface weathering estimates from the surface topography elevation. Lithium samples taken within this weathering zone, recorded as alluvium in drill holes, were not considered for resource estimation due to inconsistencies in lithium concentrations due to surface weathering. Surface mapping of outcrop was not used to further constrain the depth of surface weathering as these contacts were determined to be soft boundaries from field observations.

 

14.4.3 Structural Features

 

The Property is separated into ten (10) fault blocks that are split by north-south trending high-angle normal faults and to a lesser extent west-east trending normal faults that likely have some strike-slip movement. The location of the faults and fault blocks are illustrated in Figure 7-2 and structural cross sections A-A’ and B-B’ shown in Figure 7-3. Mineralized claystone has been observed within all of the fault blocks with the exception of fault block 3, an uplifted block exposing unmineralized basal crystal tuff near the surface as observed from drill hole R2218. The mineralized claystone continues eastward and is partially cut off by the presence of a rhyolite intrusion that borders the east-central edge of the Property. Various volcanics and breccias border the Property at the southeast and the far northeast and northwest edges. The surface footprint of the rhyolite intrusion is shown on Figure 7-2 and Figure 7-3. Description of the local geology and further discussion on the impacts of the faulting on the lateral extent of the lithium-bearing claystone is detailed in Section 7.

 

14.4.4 Model Zones

 

The geologic model is separated into four stratigraphic zones, as indicated below, from top to bottom:

 

1.Weathered alluvium;
2.Upper Li mineralized claystone;
3.Lower Li mineralized claystone (includes basal tuff marker beds); and
4.Basement (tuffaceous crystalline basement or limestone).

 

Additional igneous bodies in the north are not observed in drill hole records and their occurrence are based on public domain USGS geologic mapping. Wireframe solids generated from these four zones are presented on Figure 14-2 showing an oblique view of the geologic model looking towards the northwest. Table 14.2 provides composite vertical thickness statistics of the four stratigraphic horizons as penetrated from the drill hole records. Only the upper and lower Li mineralized claystone are considered resource.

 

 

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Table 14.2
Vertical Zone Thickness from Drill Holes

Zone Vertical Length (ft) 2
Count Minimum Maximum Average
Weathered (Alluvium) 82 3 157 22
Upper Li Claystone 81 65 940 359
Lower Li Claystone 25 2 525 129
Crystalline basement 1 467 467 467

 

 

The unweathered Li claystone and crystalline basement are offset by normal faults that are shown on Figure 14-2. There is only a single penetration of the crystalline basement with most holes ending in the lower Li claystone zone. The upper and lower lithium claystone zones are separated by a narrow more tuffaceous sedimentary unit (basal tuff marker bed) of lower lithium concentration (< 400 ppm) that is transitory and not easily recognised in all drill holes. As such, this transitory zone was not modelled separately and forms part of the lower lithium claystone.

 

14.4.6 Lithium Mineralization Statistics

 

Prior to estimation drillhole samples were composited at regular intervals of 5 ft given that the majority (83%) of the drill hole samples assessed for lithium resource were derived from 5 ft interval RC chip samples. Statistics on the number of 5ft composites, together with lithium concentrations from drill hole records for each mineralized zone, are shown in Table 14.3. A frequency distribution chart (histogram) generated from the regular 5ft composites is shown in Figure 14-3 for both mineralized zones. No outliers in lithium grades were observed to be material and no capping of grades is deemed necessary for grade estimation.

 

Table 14.3
Composite Lithium Grades from Drill Holes

Zone Composite Lithium (ppm)
Count Minimum Maximum Average
Upper Li Claystone 5,311 26 2,950 497
Lower Li Claystone 1,580 13 2,048 318

 

 

A global semi-variogram was generated from 5 ft (1.5 m) composite samples through the two Li mineralized zones is shown on Figure 14-4. This semi-variogram represents the combined variances from multi-direction semi-variograms at 30-degree directional increments. Maximum global range for the lithium grades is interpreted from the semi-variograms to be 5,000 ft (1,524 m).

 

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Observation of the lithium grade profiles from samples taken within the mineralized zone show separate concentrations of dissipated lithium ranging from around 500 ppm to more than 1,000 ppm. Correlation of lithium grade intervals to individual beds was not possible within the mineralized zones, as these grade intervals were observed to be more lens-like as opposed to continuous beds. Instead, broad intervals of high and low grade were modelled by limiting the number of composites per block estimate and using the upper-lower Li claystone contact as a relative elevation surface to account for fault offsets.

 

14.4.7 Density

 

In situ densities do not vary significantly from observations of samples taken from drill cores. The dominant lithology on the Property and within the mineralized zone is claystone. In situ densities for claystone averaged 1.67 g/cm3. Lenses of conglomerate and sandstone that occur in the claystone averaged 1.88 g/ cm3. A fixed density of 1.7 g/ cm3 was identified as most representative of the mineralized zone given that the primary lithotype is claystone.

 

 

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14.4.8 Model Build

 

The procedures followed in building the resource model are outlined below:

 

·Topography was coded as a block percent using a wireframe generated from open-source surface topography.

 

·The two mineralized zone solids (upper and lower Li claystone) were coded into blocks as a percentage item and zone item.

 

·Regular 5 ft (1.5 m) composites from within the mineralized zone were estimated into mineralized zone blocks using an inverse distance squared (IDW2) algorithm and isotropic search.

 

·The maximum range for lithium grade estimates for resource determination was set at 5,000 ft (1,524 m) as determined from semi-variogram analyses of the lithium grade data.

 

·The upper-lower Li claystone contact was used as a relative elevation surface to trend lithium grade estimates across fault offsets.

 

·Maximum number of samples for block estimates was set to the nearest nine (9) samples with a maximum of six (6) samples per hole to simulate the tabular lens-like grade trends as observed from drill hole records.

 

·Mineralized zone blocks within 5,000 ft (1,524 m) of nearest valid samples were tagged as inferred, 2,500 ft (1,524 m) indicated, and 1,250 ft (1,524 m) measured.

 

·Model grade estimates were validated against input drill hole grades using cross-sections through the block model.

 

Model estimation parameters are summarized in Table 14.4.

 

Table 14.4
Lithium Grade Estimation Parameters

Maximum Search No. Composites
Direction Range (ft) 1 Minimum Maximum Maximum per hole
East 5,000 1 9 6
North 5,000 1 9 6
Vertical 2,000 1 9 6
1 – 1 ft = 0.3 m  

 

 

Figure 14-5 illustrates the lithium grade distribution along two cross-section lines (A-A’ and B-B’) through the mineralized zone in the resource block model.

 

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14.5Assessment of Reasonable Prospects for Economic Extraction

 

A base case lithium resource cutoff grade has been determined based on the economics of a medium size (100 Mtpa) run-of-mine (ROM) surface mining operation that does not require blasting. Processing of the mineralized material would be onsite extracting lithium from claystone using an acid digestion method.

 

The following mining, processing, royalty, and recovery costs, in US$, were used to derive a base case cutoff grade for an eventual lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) product:

 

·Mining costs US$3/tonne;
·Processing costs US$43/tonne;
·General and administration US$1/tonne;
·Royalties US$1/tonne; and
·Processing recovery 90%.

 

Revenue from a lithium carbonate product is estimated to be US$20,000/tonne for the cutoff grade calculation. Using the above inputs and Li2CO3:Li ratio of 5.32, a base case cutoff grade for lithium is estimated to be 500 ppm, rounded from 501 ppm.

 

The most variable costs impacting the cutoff grade is processing costs, which given the available information, is based on published estimates for similar deposit types (Eshani et al., 2018). Higher processing costs may be realized following metallurgical testing of the mineralized claystone that may increase the cutoff grade to as high as 1,000 ppm lithium. Similarly, lower prices for lithium carbonate would also increase the cutoff grade, though this is viewed as lower risk in current market conditions.

 

An alternative product to lithium carbonate that could be produced from the resource is lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH.H20) that sells at a slightly higher premium than lithium carbonate and has the benefit of a higher LiOH.H2O:Li ratio at 6.05 when compared with the Li2CO3:Li ratio of 5.32. As such, a cutoff grade of 500 ppm is considered reasonable as a base case resource estimate for either a lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide monohydrate product.

 

An economic pit shell at a constant 45 degrees slope was developed using 500 ppm lithium as a cutoff grade to separate resource blocks from waste blocks in the model. A US$20,000/tonne revenue for an equivalent lithium carbonate product and a mining cost of US$3/tonne was used in the derivation of the pit shell. Figure 14-6 shows an oblique view of the pit shell looking towards the northwest.

 

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14.6Lithium Resource Estimates

 

Lithium resources are contained within the upper and lower claystone beds deposited on top of a crystalline basement. This mineralized zone is further constrained to within nine (9) faults blocks bounded by near vertical normal displacement faults and by intrusions in the northeast and northern extremities of the Property, as shown on Figure 14-7, Resource Classification Map. Mineral resources are classified by distance from nearest valid drill hole sample up to maximum distance of 5,000 ft (1,524 m) for Inferred, 2,500 ft (762 m) for Indicated and 1,250 ft (381 m) for Measured.

 

The lithium mineral resource estimates are presented in Table 14.5 in U.S. customary units and Table 14.6 in metric units. The resource estimates are contained within an economic pit shell at constant 45° pit slope to a maximum vertical depth of 970 ft (296 m) below surface. The crest of the pit shell is shown on Figure 14-6 and pit shell depth is shown on Figure 14-8. Lithium resources are presented for a range of cutoff grades to a maximum of 1,200 ppm lithium. The base case lithium resource estimates are highlighted in bold type in Table 14.5 and Table 14.6. All lithium resources on the TLC Property are surface mineable at a stripping ratio of 2.4 waste yd3/ton (0.8 m3/tonne) at the base case cutoff grade of 500 ppm lithium. The effective date of the lithium resource estimate is October 6, 2022.

 

 

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Table 14.5
Lithium Resource Estimates – U.S. Customary Units

Cutoff Volume Tons Li Million short tons (Mst)
Li (ppm) (Myd3) (Mst) (ppm) Li Li2CO3 LiOH.H2O
Measured
500 662 948 924 0.88 4.68 5.32
600 545 781 1006 0.79 4.2 4.78
800 371 532 1153 0.61 3.25 3.69
1000 265 380 1255 0.48 2.55 2.9
1200 136 195 1401 0.27 1.44 1.63
Indicated
500 917 1314 727 0.96 5.11 5.81
600 573 821 835 0.69 3.67 4.17
800 285 408 987 0.4 2.13 2.42
1000 105 150 1148 0.17 0.9 1.03
1200 29 42 1328 0.06 0.32 0.36
Measured plus Indicated
500 1579 2262 813 1.84 9.79 11.13
600 1118 1602 924 1.48 7.87 8.95
800 656 940 1074 1.01 5.38 6.11
1000 370 530 1226 0.65 3.45 3.93
1200 165 237 1392 0.33 1.76 1.99
Inferred
500 374 536 713 0.38 2.02 2.3
600 227 325 827 0.27 1.44 1.63
800 101 145 995 0.14 0.74 0.85
1000 40 57 1151 0.07 0.37 0.42
1200 10 14 1315 0.02 0.11 0.12

 

·CIM definitions are followed for classification of Mineral Resource.
·Mineral Resource surface pit extent has been estimated using a lithium carbonate price of US20,000 US$/tonne and mining cost of US$3.00 per tonne, a lithium recovery of 90%, fixed density of 1.70 g/cm3 (1.43 tons/yd3)
·Conversions: 1 metric tonne = 1.102 short tons, metric m3 = 1.308 yd3, Li2CO3:Li ratio = 5.32, LiOH.H2O:Li ratio =6.05
·Totals may not represent the sum of the parts due to rounding.
·The Mineral Resource estimate has been prepared by Joan Kester, PG and Derek Loveday, P. Geo. of Stantec Consulting Services Inc. in conformity with CIM “Estimation of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserves Best Practices” guidelines and are reported in accordance with the Canadian Securities Administrators NI 43-101. Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that any mineral resource will be converted into mineral reserve.

 

  

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Table 14.6
Lithium Resource Estimates – Metric Units

 

Cutoff Volume Tonnes Li Million Tonnes (Mt)
Li (ppm) (Mm3) (Mt) (ppm) Li Li2CO3 LiOH.H2O
Measured
500 506 860 924 0.79 4.2 4.78
600 416 707 1006 0.71 3.78 4.3
800 283 481 1153 0.55 2.93 3.33
1000 203 345 1255 0.43 2.29 2.6
1200 104 177 1401 0.25 1.33 1.51
Indicated
500 701 1192 727 0.87 4.63 5.26
600 438 745 835 0.62 3.3 3.75
800 218 371 987 0.37 1.97 2.24
1000 80 136 1148 0.16 0.85 0.97
1200 22 37 1328 0.05 0.27 0.3
Measured plus Indicated
500 1207 2052 809 1.66 8.83 10.04
600 854 1452 916 1.33 7.08 8.05
800 501 852 1080 0.92 4.9 5.57
1000 283 481 1227 0.59 3.14 3.57
1200 126 214 1402 0.3 1.6 1.81
Inferred
500 286 486 713 0.35 1.86 2.12
600 173 294 827 0.24 1.28 1.45
800 77 131 995 0.13 0.69 0.79
1000 31 53 1151 0.06 0.32 0.36
1200 8 14 1315 0.02 0.11 0.12

 

 

 

 

·CIM definitions are followed for classification of Mineral Resource.
·Mineral Resource surface pit extent has been estimated using a lithium carbonate price of US20,000 US$/tonne and mining cost of US$3.00 per tonne, a lithium recovery of 90%, fixed density of 1.70 g/cm3 (1.43 tons/yd3)
·Conversions: 1 metric tonne = 1.102 short tons, metric m3 = 1.308 yd3, Li2CO3:Li ratio = 5.32, LiOH.H2O:Li ratio =6.05
·Totals may not represent the sum of the parts due to rounding.
·The Mineral Resource estimate has been prepared by Joan Kester, PG and Derek Loveday, P. Geo. of Stantec Consulting Services Inc. in conformity with CIM “Estimation of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserves Best Practices” guidelines and are reported in accordance with the Canadian Securities Administrators NI 43-101. Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that any mineral resource will be converted into mineral reserve.

 

 

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14.7Potential Risks

 

The accuracy of resource estimates is, in part, a function of the quality and quantity of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. Given the data available at the time; the estimates presented herein are considered reasonable. However, they should be accepted with the understanding that additional data and analysis available after the date of the estimates may necessitate revision. These revisions may be material.

 

Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and there is no assurance that any mineral resources will ultimately be reclassified as Proven or Probable reserves. Mineral resources which are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.

 

Potential risks that may impact accuracy of the mineral resource estimates are:

 

·The resource is limited to within nine (9) fault blocks that may shift location given further exploration. Should new supporting data support a significant shift in the fault locations this may have a material impact on the resource estimates.

 

·The intrusions and the other volcanics around the extremities of the Property are only recognized from surface mapping. Future exploration drilling in these areas of the Property may show these intrusions and other volcanics extending into the Property below surface. This may have a material impact on the resource estimates in these regions of the deposit.

 

·QA/QC records of assay blanks and standards indicate that there is potential for inconsistencies in the predicted reliability of the lithium assay results received from Paragon laboratories when compared to assay results received from other laboratories as described Section 11 of the Technical Report.

 

·Metallurgical test currently under the control of DRA may indicate that the input costs for the practical extraction of lithium to be higher than anticipated. Since processing costs are a significant component of lithium carbonate (or lithium hydroxide monohydrate) production, the lithium cutoff grade may be higher than the base case cutoff grade of 500 ppm used for the lithium resource estimates.

 

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15MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES

 

This Technical Report does not include an estimate of reserves.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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16MINING METHODS

 

There is no information for this section of the Technical Report as the Property is not presently producing and is not yet under development.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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17RECOVERY METHODS

 

There is no information for this section of the Technical Report as the Property is not presently producing and is not yet under development.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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18PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE

 

There is no information for this section of the Technical Report as the Property and is not yet under development.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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19MARKETS AND CONTRACTS

 

There is no information for this section of the Technical Report as the Property is not presently producing and is not yet under development.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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20ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING AND SOCIAL OR COMMUNITY IMPACT

 

There is no information for this section of the Technical Report as the Property is not presently producing and is not yet under development.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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21CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS

 

There is no information for this section of the Technical Report as the Property is not presently producing and is not yet under development.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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22ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

 

There is no information for this section of the Technical Report as the Property is not presently producing and is not yet under development.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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23ADJACENT PROPERTIES

 

The Qualified Person has not verified the information associated with the adjacent properties, inclusive of active claims; the information associated with these adjacent properties may not be indicative of the mineralization on the Property.

 

To the northwest of the TLC Property is the Ray Property owned by Mogul Mountain Holdings Corporation. The Ray Property consists of 186 unpatented mining claims under the name Raye and 65 unpatented mining claims under the name Dustbowl. Within the claim block boundary there are two patented lode claim areas and four unpatented lode claims, all of which are held by third party entities. Exploration efforts on this property indicate evidence to support both an epithermal and Carlin-style Ag-Au deposit (Loveday, 2022).

 

Directly east of the TLC property are five active unpatented claims held by NV Gold Corporation constituting part of their Frazier Dome Project. This project area is undergoing exploration of a low-sulfidation, volcanic-hosted epithermal gold system with high-grade mineralization (NV Gold Corporation, 2023).

 

Blackrock Silver Corporation’s (Blackrock) Tonopah North Project, whose claims are located 1.9 miles (3 km) southeast of the TLC Property, have reported that a broad lithium zone has been intersected from drilling encompassing an area 5,200 acres (2,100 hectares). They reported that the lithium zone was similar profile to the lithium mineralization encountered at the TLC deposit. (Blackrock, 2022).

 

 

 

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24OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION

 

All relevant information is included in this report.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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25INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS

 

The TLC Property is located approximately 10 km northwest of the town of Tonopah, east of Big Smoky Valley and west of the San Antonio Mountain range, Nye County, Nevada. There is limited information on property exploration and ownership prior to 2017. In 2017 lithium exploration is known to have begun in and around the Property starting with surface mapping and then drilling using a combination of RC, core and sonic methods. Since the last Technical Report (Loveday, 2021), American Lithium has increased its unpatented lode claims ownership on the TLC Property significantly and this together with additional drilling has contributed to an increase in the estimated lithium resources on the Property.

 

The Property consists of 614 unpatented lode mining claims located in Township and Range T4N, R41E; TN4, R42E; T3N, R41E; and T3N, R42E of the Mount Diablo Meridian (21) and covers an area of 12,511 acres (5,063 hectares). Elevated lithium concentrations occur in the surface alluvial, and underlying claystone beds. The estimated lithium resources are contained within the claystone the cover an area of approximately 7,500 acres (3,035 hectares) and depth of approximately 1,000 ft (304.8 m) below surface.

 

The geologic model from which lithium resources are reported is a 3D block model. The resource estimates are contained within an economic pit shell at constant 45° pit slope to a maximum vertical depth of 970 ft (296 m) below surface using a base case cutoff grade 500 ppm lithium to produce an eventual battery grade lithium carbonate product or lithium hydroxide monohydrate product.

 

The following costs, recoveries and revenue, in metric units and US$, were used to derive a base case cutoff grade for an eventual lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) product:

 

·Mining costs US$3/tonne;
·Processing costs US$43/tonne;
·General and administration US$1/tonne;
·Royalties US$1/tonne;
·Processing recovery 90%; and
·US$20,000/tonne revenue for Li2CO3 product.

 

The lithium mineral resource estimates are presented in Table 25.1 in U.S. customary units and Table 25.2 in metric units. Lithium resources are presented for a range of cutoff grades to a maximum of 1,200 ppm lithium. The base case lithium resource estimates are highlighted in bold type in Table 25.1 and Table 25.2. All lithium resources on the TLC Property are surface mineable at a stripping ratio of 2.4 waste yd3/ton (0.8 m3/tonne) at the base case cutoff grade of 500 ppm lithium. The effective date of the lithium resource estimate is October 6, 2022.

 

 

 

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Table 25.1
Lithium Resource Estimates – U.S. Customary Units

Cutoff Volume Tons Li Million short tons (Mst)
Li (ppm) (Myd3) (Mst) (ppm) Li Li2CO3 LiOH.H2O
Measured
500 662 948 924 0.88 4.68 5.32
600 545 781 1006 0.79 4.2 4.78
800 371 532 1153 0.61 3.25 3.69
1000 265 380 1255 0.48 2.55 2.9
1200 136 195 1401 0.27 1.44 1.63
Indicated
500 917 1314 727 0.96 5.11 5.81
600 573 821 835 0.69 3.67 4.17
800 285 408 987 0.4 2.13 2.42
1000 105 150 1148 0.17 0.9 1.03
1200 29 42 1328 0.06 0.32 0.36
Measured plus Indicated
500 1579 2262 813 1.84 9.79 11.13
600 1118 1602 924 1.48 7.87 8.95
800 656 940 1074 1.01 5.38 6.11
1000 370 530 1226 0.65 3.45 3.93
1200 165 237 1392 0.33 1.76 1.99
Inferred
500 374 536 713 0.38 2.02 2.3
600 227 325 827 0.27 1.44 1.63
800 101 145 995 0.14 0.74 0.85
1000 40 57 1151 0.07 0.37 0.42
1200 10 14 1315 0.02 0.11 0.12

 

·CIM definitions are followed for classification of Mineral Resource.
·Mineral Resource surface pit extent has been estimated using a lithium carbonate price of US20,000 US$/tonne and mining cost of US$3.00 per tonne, a lithium recovery of 90%, fixed density of 1.70 g/cm3 (1.43 tons/yd3)
·Conversions: 1 metric tonne = 1.102 short tons, metric m3 = 1.308 yd3, Li2CO3:Li ratio = 5.32, LiOH.H2O:Li ratio =6.05
·Totals may not represent the sum of the parts due to rounding.
·The Mineral Resource estimate has been prepared by Joan Kester, PG and Derek Loveday, P. Geo. of Stantec Consulting Services Inc. in conformity with CIM “Estimation of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserves Best Practices” guidelines and are reported in accordance with the Canadian Securities Administrators NI 43-101. Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that any mineral resource will be converted into mineral reserve.

 

 

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Table 25.2
Lithium Resource Estimates – Metric Units

Cutoff Volume Tonnes Li Million Tonnes (Mt)
Li (ppm) (Mm3) (Mt) (ppm) Li Li2CO3 LiOH.H2O
Measured
500 506 860 924 0.79 4.2 4.78
600 416 707 1006 0.71 3.78 4.3
800 283 481 1153 0.55 2.93 3.33
1000 203 345 1255 0.43 2.29 2.6
1200 104 177 1401 0.25 1.33 1.51
Indicated
500 701 1192 727 0.87 4.63 5.26
600 438 745 835 0.62 3.3 3.75
800 218 371 987 0.37 1.97 2.24
1000 80 136 1148 0.16 0.85 0.97
1200 22 37 1328 0.05 0.27 0.3
Measured plus Indicated
500 1207 2052 809 1.66 8.83 10.04
600 854 1452 916 1.33 7.08 8.05
800 501 852 1080 0.92 4.9 5.57
1000 283 481 1227 0.59 3.14 3.57
1200 126 214 1402 0.3 1.6 1.81
Inferred
500 286 486 713 0.35 1.86 2.12
600 173 294 827 0.24 1.28 1.45
800 77 131 995 0.13 0.69 0.79
1000 31 53 1151 0.06 0.32 0.36
1200 8 14 1315 0.02 0.11 0.12

 

 

 

·CIM definitions are followed for classification of Mineral Resource.
·Mineral Resource surface pit extent has been estimated using a lithium carbonate price of US20,000 US$/tonne and mining cost of US$3.00 per tonne, a lithium recovery of 90%, fixed density of 1.70 g/cm3 (1.43 tons/yd3)
·Conversions: 1 metric tonne = 1.102 short tons, metric m3 = 1.308 yd3, Li2CO3:Li ratio = 5.32, LiOH.H2O:Li ratio =6.05
·Totals may not represent the sum of the parts due to rounding.
·The Mineral Resource estimate has been prepared by Joan Kester, PG and Derek Loveday, P. Geo. of Stantec Consulting Services Inc. in conformity with CIM “Estimation of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserves Best Practices” guidelines and are reported in accordance with the Canadian Securities Administrators NI 43-101. Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that any mineral resource will be converted into mineral reserve.

 

The mineral resource estimates presented in Table 25.1 and Table 25.2 represent an increase in both resource confidence and quantity compared to historical estimates (Loveday, 2021). These differences are due to:

 

 

  25-3
TECHNICAL REPORT – TLC Property, Nevada, USA

 

·Increase in concession area of the Property from 4,114 acres (1,665 hectares) to the current 12,511 acres (5,063 hectares);
·Increase in exploration drilling from 29 holes to a total of 82 holes; and
·Increasing depth of drilling since the last technical report has identified an additional lower lithium clay zone below a basal tuff marker bed horizon previously (Loveday, 2021) used as a basement horizon.

 

25.1Potential Risks

 

The accuracy of resource estimates is, in part, a function of the quality and quantity of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. Given the data available at the time; the estimates presented herein are considered reasonable. However, they should be accepted with the understanding that additional data and analysis available after the date of the estimates may necessitate revision. These revisions may be material.

 

Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and there is no assurance that any mineral resources will ultimately be reclassified as Proven or Probable reserves. Mineral resources which are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.

 

Potential risks that may impact accuracy of the mineral resource estimates are:

 

·The resource limited to within nine (9) fault blocks that may shift location given further exploration. Should new supporting data support a significant shift in the fault locations this may have a material impact on the resource estimates.

 

·The intrusions and the other volcanics around the extremities of the Property are only recognized from surface mapping. Future exploration drilling in these areas of the Property may show these intrusions and other volcanics extending into the Property below surface. This may have a material impact on the resource estimates in these regions of the deposit.

 

·QA/QC records of assay blanks and standards indicate that there is potential for inconsistencies in the predicted reliability of the lithium assay results received from Paragon laboratories when compared to assay results received from other laboratories as described Section 11 of the Technical Report.

 

·Metallurgical test currently under the control of DRA may indicate that the input costs for the practical extraction of lithium to be higher than anticipated. Since processing costs are a significant component of lithium carbonate (or lithium hydroxide monohydrate) production, the lithium cutoff grade may be higher than the base case cutoff grade of 500 ppm used for the lithium resource estimates.

 

 

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26Recommendations

 

 

Two phases, listed below, are recommended to advance the TLC Property.

 

Phase 1

Additional studies are recommended to define the locations and throw of the faults on the property, and to assess the accuracy of lithium assay test results received from Paragon laboratories. It is recommended that exploration methods use minimal surface disturbance, rather than immediately advancing to another exploration drilling program. The estimated costs with the Phase 1 program are outlined in Table 26.1.

 

Table 26.1
Phase 1: Data Gathering Cost Estimate

Program Purpose Method

Total

(US$000)

Re-assay of drill samples Re-assay 20% samples sent to Paragon laboratory ICP-OES+ICP-MS 10
LiDAR Survey Potential identification of subtle changes in subsurface geology Drone LiDAR Survey 15
Geophysics Identification of faults Active and Passive 50
Mineral Processing Further constrain mineral Processing from larger samples Process Testing 150
Estimated Total 225

 

 

Phase 2

Phase 2 is not contingent on the results of Phase 1. Stantec recommends that, for Phase 2, a Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) should be completed on the TLC Property. The PEA involves several major tasks, which are listed below:

 

·Identify ground water sources to be utilized in the development of the TLC Property;
·Mine design and development;
·Lithium process facilities including a sulphuric acid plant;
·Project infrastructure and required utilities;
·Tailings management plan;
·Regulatory roadmap outlining the regulatory process, timelines and costs; and
·Capex and Opex estimate and economic analysis.

 

The cost to complete Phase 2 is estimated at US$500k. Components of the Phase 2 program are currently in progress as of the effective date of this Technical Report.

 

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27REFERENCES

 

Asher-Bolinder, S. (1991). Descriptive Model of Lithium in Smectites of Closed Basins. [ed.] G. J. Orris and J. D. Bliss. Some Industrial Minerals Deposit Models, Descriptive Deposit Models, USGS Open File Report 91-11A. 1991, pp. 11-12.

 

Blackrock (2022): Blackrock Confirms New lithium Discovery at Tonopah North, News Release, Blackrock Silver Corporation. Blackrocksilver.com.

 

Bureau of Land Management Tonopah Field Office (2021). 1074654 Nevada Corp. TLC Exploration Project Nye and Esmeralda Counties, Nevada. Environmental Assessment # DOI-BLM-NV-B020-2022-0003-EA

 

Bonham H.F. and Garside L.J. (1979). Geology of the Tonopah, Lone Mountain, Klondike, and Northern Mud Lake Quadrangles, Nevada. Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Bulletin 92. 

 

Chapman, J. (2018). NI 43-101 Technical Report on the TLC – Lithium Clay Property, Nye County, Nevada, USA. 

 

 

Climate Change & Infectious Diseases. (2019). World Map of the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification. Retrieved from: http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/present.htm

 

 

Lane, T., Harvey, J.T., Fayram, T., Samari, H. & Brown, J.J. (2018). Preliminary Economic Assessment Technical Report Clayton Valley Lithium Project, Esmeralda County, Nevada. Global Resource Engineering, Ltd.

 

Loveday, D.J., (2022). NI 43-101 Technical Report, Ray Property, Nye County, Nevada, USA. For Mogul Mountain Ventures, Effective August 1, 2022. Stantec Consulting Inc.

 

Loveday, D., (2021). NI 43-101 Technical Report, TLC Property, Nye County, Nevada, USA. For American Lithium Corp, October 2021. Effective date April 15, 2020. Stantec Consulting Ltd.

 

NV Gold Corporation. (2020). Frazier Dome Project. Retrieved from: https://www.nvgoldcorp.com/properties/nevada/frazier-dome-project/

 

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Pioneer (2021) American Lithium UAV Aeromagnetic Survey Logistics Report. 21 p. Pioneer Exploration Consultants Ltd.

 

Turner (2021) Technical Report Crescent Dunes Lithium Property, Nye County, Nevada, USA. For Jana Campbell Mineral Exploration, September 2021, Stantec Calgary, Alberta

 

Tonopah Climate. (2020). Climate-Data.org. Retrieved from: https://en.climate-data.org/north-america/united-states-of-america/nevada/tonopah-124566/

 

Tonopah, Nevada. (2020). Tonopah Aeronautics & Technology Park. Retrieved from: https://www.tonopahnevada.com/airport/

 

Union Pacific. (2019). Union Pacific in Nevada. Retrieved from: https://www.up.com/cs/groups/public/@uprr/@corprel/documents/up_pdf_nativedocs/pdf_nevada_usguide.pdf

 

Weatherbase. (2020). Tonopah, Nevada. Retrieved from: https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=724803&cityname=Tonopah,+Nevada,+United+States+of+America

 

Weatherspark. (1993). Retrieved from:

https://weatherspark.com/y/1993/Average-Weather-in-Tonopah-Nevada-United-States-Year-Round.

 

 

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