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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of presentation and preparation Basis of presentation and preparation: The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes were prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
Use of estimates Use of estimates: The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (ii) disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and (iii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates used by the Company include, among other things, the useful lives for depreciable and amortizable assets, income tax provisions, the evaluation of the future realization of deferred tax assets, projected cash flows in assessing the initial valuation of intangible assets in conjunction with business and asset acquisitions, the selection of useful lives for depreciable and amortizable assets in conjunction with business and asset acquisitions, the valuation of level 3 investments, the valuation of contingent earnout shares and warrants, the valuation of interest rate caplets, contingencies, and the expected term of share-based compensation awards and stock price volatility when computing share-based compensation expense. The Company also estimated stock prices prior to the reverse recapitalization discussed in Note 1 when computing share-based compensation expense. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Segment information Segment information: The Company operates as a single operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the chief executive officer, who has ultimate responsibility for the operating performance of the Company and the allocation of resources. The CODM assesses the Company’s performance and allocates resources based on consolidated results, and this is the only discrete financial information that is regularly reviewed by the CODM.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include bank deposit accounts; term bank deposit accounts; cash in the Company’s gaming terminals, ATMs, redemption terminals, and Company vaults.
The Company’s policy is to limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution. The Company maintains its cash in accounts which may at times exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.
Accounts receivable Accounts receivable: Accounts receivable represent amounts due from third-party locations serviced by the Company and amounts due for machines, software and equipment sold by the Company. The carrying amount of receivables is reduced by a valuation allowance that reflects management’s best estimate of the amounts that will not be collected. Management determines the allowance by regularly evaluating individual receivables from third-party locations and considering a customer’s financial condition, credit history and current economic conditions. The Company's allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.1 million as of December 31, 2022. The Company generally does not charge interest on past due accounts receivable.
Inventories Inventories: Inventories consist of gaming machines for sale to third-parties, raw materials, and manufacturing supplies. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the average cost method. Labor and overhead associated with the assembly of gaming machines for sales to third-parties are capitalized and allocated to inventory.
Derivative instruments Derivative instruments: The Company may manage its exposure to certain financial risks through the use of derivative financial instruments (“derivatives”). The Company does not use derivatives for speculative purposes. For a derivative that is designated as a cash flow hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income to the extent the derivative is effective at offsetting the changes in the cash flows being hedged until the hedged item affects earnings.
Investment in convertible notes: Investment in convertible notes: At acquisition, an entity shall classify debt securities as trading, available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity. While the Company has no the intention of selling the convertible notes, it cannot classify them as held-to-maturity due to the conversion feature. Therefore, the Company has classified its investment in convertible notes as available for sale.
Property and equipment Property and equipment: Property and equipment are stated at cost or fair value at the date of acquisition. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Major additions, replacements and improvements are capitalized. Spare parts are
included in other current assets when acquired and are expensed when used to repair equipment. Depreciation has been computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Years
Gaming terminals and equipment13
Amusement and other equipment7
Office equipment and furniture7
Computer equipment and software
3-5
Leasehold improvements *
5
Vehicles5
Buildings and improvements
15-29
* Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful life or the lease.
Development costs directly associated with the acquisition, development and construction of a project are capitalized as a cost of the project during the periods in which activities necessary to prepare the property for its intended use are in progress. Interest costs associated with major construction projects are capitalized as part of the cost of the constructed assets. When no debt is incurred specifically for a project, interest is capitalized on amounts expended for the project using the weighted-average cost of borrowing. Capitalization of interest ceases when the project (or discernible portions of the project) is substantially complete. If substantially all of the construction activities of a project are suspended, capitalization of interest will cease until such activities are resumed.
Concentration of credit risk Concentration of credit risk: The Company’s operations are centralized primarily in Illinois, Montana and Nevada. Should there be favorable or unfavorable changes to the gaming regulations in these states there may be an impact on the Company’s results of operations. The Company has high concentrations of locations within certain municipalities in Illinois which could impact the Company if these municipalities change their gaming laws.
Fair value of financial instruments
Fair value of financial instruments: The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash, convertibles notes, accounts payable, route and customer acquisition costs payable, contingent consideration, contingent earnout shares liability, interest rate caplets, and bank indebtedness.
The carrying amount of cash, accounts payable and short-term borrowings approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.
The Company estimates the fair value of its investment in convertible notes based on Level 3 inputs.
The Company estimates the fair value of the interest rate caplets using quotes that are based on models whose inputs are observable LIBOR forward interest rate curves. The valuation of the interest rate caplets is considered to be a Level 2 fair value measurement as the significant inputs are observable.
The Company estimates the fair value of its debt using level two and level three inputs by discounting the future cash flows using current interest rates at which it could obtain similar borrowings in consideration of the estimated enterprise value of the Company. 
Contingent consideration, which is recorded within consideration payable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, is measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on Level 3 inputs.
The Company's contingent earnout shares liability and warrant liability is measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on Level 2 inputs.
For further discussion on how the Company determines the fair value of its investment in convertible notes, interest rate caplets, contingent consideration, contingent earnout shares and warrants, see Note 13.
Revenue recognition / Route and customer acquisition costs
Revenue recognition: The Company generates revenues from the following types of services: gaming terminals, amusements and ATMs. The Company also generates manufacturing revenue from the sales of gaming terminals and associated software by Grand Vision Gaming, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Century, which is a designer and manufacturer of gaming terminals. Revenue is disaggregated by type of revenue and is presented on the face of the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Net gaming revenue is the net cash from gaming activities, which is the difference between gaming wins and losses. Net gaming revenue includes the amounts earned by the gaming locations and is recognized at the time of gaming play. Additionally, taxes and administrative expenses due to the states in which the Company operates are recorded as net gaming revenue. Amounts earned by the gaming locations and taxes and administrative expenses are also included in cost of revenue.
Amusement revenue represents amounts collected from machines (e.g. dart boards, digital jukeboxes, pool tables, etc.) operated at various locations and is recognized at the time the machine is used.
Manufacturing revenue represents the sale of gaming terminals and associated software and is recognized at the time the goods are delivered to the customer.
ATM fees and other revenue represents fees charged for the withdrawal of funds from the Company’s redemption terminals and stand-alone ATM machines and is recognized at the time of the transaction.
The Company determined that in a gaming environment, whenever a customer’s money has been accepted by a machine, the Company has an obligation (an implied contract) to provide the customer access to the game and honor the outcome of the game (in the case of gaming terminals). The Company determined that when the implied contract is entered into between the Company and the customer, it satisfies the requirements of a contract under the revenue standard, as (i) the contract is a legally enforceable contract with the customer, (ii) the arrangement identifies the rights of the parties, (iii) the contract has commercial substance, and (iv) the cash is received upfront from the customer, so its collectability is probable. The gaming service is a single performance obligation in each implied contract with the customer. The Company applies the portfolio approach of all wins and losses by gaming terminals daily to determine the total transaction price of the portfolio of implied contracts. The Company recognizes revenue when the single performance obligation is satisfied, which is at the completion of each game.
Total net revenues for the years ended December 31 is disaggregated in the following table by the primary states in which the Company operates given the geographic economic factors that affect the revenues in the states.
(in thousands)202220212020
Net revenues by state:
Illinois$808,652 $730,244 $316,352 
Montana79,639 — — 
Nevada66,989 — — 
Other14,517 4,463 — 
Total net revenues$969,797 $734,707 $316,352 
Route and customer acquisition costs: The Company’s route and customer acquisition costs consist of fees paid at the inception of contracts entered into with third parties and its gaming locations to install and operate gaming terminals. The route and customer acquisition costs and route and customer acquisition costs payable are recorded at the net present value of the future payments using a discount rate equal to the Company’s incremental borrowing rate associated with its long-term debt. Route and customer acquisition costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over 18 years beginning on the date the location goes live and
amortized over the life of the contract, which includes expected renewals. The Company records the accretion of interest on route and customer acquisitions costs payable in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as a component of interest expense. For locations that close prior to the end of the contractual term, the Company writes-off the net book value of the route and customer acquisition cost and route and customer acquisition cost payable and records a gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as a component of other expenses, net. The Company’s route and customer acquisition costs also consists of prepaid commission costs to the Company's internal sales force of employees. The commissions paid to internal sales employees are subsequently expensed once the respective gaming location goes live and the commission is earned by the employee.
Business acquisitions / Consideration payable Business acquisitions: The Company evaluates the inputs, processes and outputs of each business acquisition to determine if the transaction is a business combination or asset acquisition. If an acquisition qualifies as a business combination, the related transaction costs are recorded as an expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). If an acquisition qualifies as an asset acquisition, the related transaction costs are generally capitalized and amortized over the useful life of the acquired assets. The Company accounts for acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. Acquired tangible personal property such as gaming equipment is generally measured at fair value using a cost approach which measures the fair value based on the cost to reproduce or replace the asset. Location contract intangibles, which represent the acquisition-date fair value of the preexisting relationships between the acquired company and gaming locations, are generally measured at fair value using an income approach which measures the fair value based on the estimated future cash flows using certain projected financial information such as revenue projections, cost of revenue margins and other assumptions such as discount rates.Any contingent consideration is measured at its fair value on the acquisition date, recorded as a liability and accreted over its payment term in Accel’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as other expenses, net.Consideration payable: Consideration payable consists of amounts payable related to certain business acquisitions as well as contingent consideration for future location performance related to certain business acquisitions (see Note 10). Consideration payable, exclusive of contingent consideration, is discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate associated with its outstanding debt. The contingent consideration is measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The changes in the fair value of contingent consideration are recognized within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as other expenses, net. The Company presents on its statement of cash flows, payments for consideration payable within 90-days in investing activities, payments after 90-days and up to the acquisition date fair value in financing activities, and payments in excess of the acquisition date fair value in operating activities.
Location contracts acquired Location contracts acquired: Location contracts acquired are accounted for as intangible assets and consist of expected cash flows to be generated from location contracts acquired through business and asset acquisitions. Location contracts acquired are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected useful life of primarily 15 years. Location contracts are tested for impairment when triggering events occur. If a triggering event were to occur, the Company compares the carrying amount of the location contracts to future undiscounted cash flows. If the value of future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of an asset group, an impairment loss is recorded based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset group.
Goodwill Goodwill: Goodwill represents the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible net assets acquired when accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually, as of October 1st, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the goodwill may not be recoverable. When performing the annual goodwill impairment test, the Company conducts a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the goodwill is impaired. Under the qualitative assessment, the Company considers both positive and negative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, industry events, financial performance, and makes a determination of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the goodwill is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the qualitative factors, the Company determines it is more likely than not the goodwill is impaired, it then performs a quantitative test. When performing the quantitative test, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the net assets assigned to the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company would record an impairment loss equal to the difference.
Impairment of long-lived assets Impairment of long-lived assets: Long-lived assets, which includes property and equipment, net and other assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Impairment of the assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount of which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. There were no indicators of impairment of long-lived assets in 2022, 2021, or 2020.
Contingent earnout shares liability Contingent earnout shares liability: The Company's Class A-2 common stock is classified as a contingent earnout share liability due to the fact that the conversion of the Company's Class A-2 common stock would be accelerated on a change of control regardless of the transaction value. The liability is stated at fair value and any change in the fair value is recognized as a gain or loss in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Warrant liability Warrant liability: The Company's warrants are classified as a liability due to the fact that certain provisions preclude the warrants from being accounted for as components of stockholders’ equity, including certain settlement provisions that differ based on the holder of the warrants. The warrants are measured at fair value at each reporting date in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 820, Fair Value Measurement. Any changes in the fair value of the warrants are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in the period of change.
Leases Leases: The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception and categorizes it as either an operating or finance lease. An arrangement contains a lease when the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset over the lease term. Lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a fully collateralized basis over a similar term in an amount equal to the total lease payments in a similar economic environment. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are recognized at the lease commencement date of the lease based on the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability, adjusted for any lease payments made prior to commencement and exclude lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred, if applicable. The lease terms include all non-cancelable periods and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We do not recognize a ROU asset and lease liability for leases with a duration of less than 12 months. The Company separates lease and non-lease components for our lease contracts. ROU assets are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Short-term lease liabilities are included in accounts payable and other accrued expenses while long-term lease liabilities are included in other long-term liabilities.
Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation: The Company grants common stock options and/or restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to certain employees and officers. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized in general and administrative expense over the employee’s requisite service period. All stock-based awards are classified as equity awards.
Income taxes Income taxes: The Company is organized as a C-corporation and files tax returns at the federal and state level. Deferred taxes are provided on a liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the book basis of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of the deferred tax asset, will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in the tax laws and rates as of the date of enactment.The consolidated financial statements may reflect expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax positions presuming the taxing authorities’ full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. When and if applicable, potential interest and penalty costs are accrued as incurred with expenses recognized in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Earnings (loss) per share Earnings (loss) per share: The Company computes basic earnings (loss) per share by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the applicable period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method , unless the effect of such increase would be anti-dilutive. Under the treasury stock method, the amount the employee must pay for exercising stock options and the amount of compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized are assumed to be used to repurchase shares.
Debt issuance costs Debt issuance costs: Debt issuance costs are capitalized and amortized over the contractual terms of the related loans. Debt issuance costs are presented as an offset to the related loans on the consolidated balance sheets.
Advertising costs Advertising costs: Advertising costs are primarily comprised of marketing expenses, which are recorded within general and administrative expense within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Adopted and recent accounting pronouncements
Adopted accounting pronouncement: In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The guidance in this ASU supersedes the leasing guidance in Topic 840, Leases. In July 2018, the FASB also issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which provides an optional transition method allowing the standard to be applied at the adoption date. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The Company, as an EGC, elected to use the non-public effective date and adopted this standard in the fourth quarter of 2022 for the annual period ended December 31, 2022. The Company elected to adopt this new standard under a modified retrospective approach and the financial statements reflect the adjustment as if the Company adopted the standard as of January 1, 2022. As part of the transition to Topic 842, the Company elected the package of practical expedients that allowed us to not reassess: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification of any expired or existing leases and (3) initial direct costs of any expired or existing leases.     Upon adoption, the Company recognized ROU assets and lease liabilities of $1.1 million.
Recent accounting pronouncements: In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805). The guidance in this ASU improves the accounting for revenue contracts with customers acquired in a business combination by addressing diversity in practice and inconsistency related to recognition of contract assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination. The provisions of this ASU require that an acquiring entity accounts for the related revenue contracts in accordance with ASC 606 as if it had originated the contracts. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the impact of the adoption of this ASU to be material to its financial statements or disclosures.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). This ASU provides temporary guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform primarily resulting from the discontinuation of LIBOR, which began phasing out on December 31, 2021. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 are elective and apply to all entities that have contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be
discontinued. The new guidance (i) simplifies accounting analyses under current GAAP for contract modifications; (ii) simplifies the assessment of hedge effectiveness and allows hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform to continue; and (iii) allows a one-time election to sell or transfer debt securities classified as held to maturity that reference a rate affected by reference rate reform. An entity may elect to apply the amendments prospectively from March 12, 2020, through December 31, 2022 by accounting topic. The Company currently references LIBOR for certain debt and hedging arrangements. While no material impacts are expected from the transition from LIBOR, the Company will continue to evaluate the provisions of this ASU and the impacts of transitioning to an alternative rate.
Other recently issued accounting standards or pronouncements have been excluded because they are either not relevant to the Company, or are not expected to have, or did not have, a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.