EX-99.3 54 d282719dex993.htm EX-99.3 EX-99.3

Exhibit 99.3

 

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27/F, North Tower, Kerry Center

No. 1, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District

Beijing 100020, PRC

To: Qudian Inc.

September 18, 2017

Re: Legal Opinion

Dear Sirs,

We are lawyers qualified in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”, which, for the purpose of this opinion, does not include the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macau Special Administrative Region and Taiwan) and, as such, are qualified to issue this opinion on PRC Laws (as defined below).

We are acting as PRC legal counsel to Qudian Inc. (the “Company”), solely in connection with (A) the Company’s registration statement on Form F-1, including all amendments or supplements thereto (the “Registration Statement”), filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the initial public offering (the “Offering”) by the Company of a certain number of the Company’s American depositary shares (the “ADSs”), each representing a certain number of ordinary shares of par value US$0.0001 per share of the Company, and (B) the proposed issuance and sale of the Company’s ADSs and the proposed listing and trading of the Company’s ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange.

As used in this opinion, (A) “PRC Authorities” means any national, provincial or local governmental, regulatory or administrative authority, agency or commission in the PRC, or any court, tribunal or any other judicial or arbitral body in the PRC; (B) “PRC Laws” means all laws, rules, regulations, statutes, orders, decrees, notices, circulars, judicial interpretations and other legislations of the PRC effective and available to the public as of the date hereof; (C) “Governmental Authorizations” means all approvals, consents, waivers, sanctions, certificates, authorizations, filings, registrations, exemptions, permissions, annual inspections, qualifications, permits and licenses required by any PRC Authorities pursuant to any PRC Laws; (D) “PRC Subsidiary” means Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly-foreign owned enterprise incorporated under the PRC Laws; and (E) “Variable Interest Entities” means the variable interest entities incorporated in the PRC, a detailed list of which is set forth in Appendix A hereto, and each a Variable Interest Entity; and (F) “M&A Rules” means the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which was issued by six PRC regulatory agencies, namely, the Ministry of Commerce, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) and the State Administration for Foreign Exchange, on August 8, 2006 and became effective on September 8, 2006, as amended by the Ministry of Commerce on June 22, 2009.


In so acting, we have examined the originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, provided to us by the Company, the PRC Subsidiary and the Variable Interest Entities, and such other documents, corporate records, certificates, Governmental Authorizations and other instruments as we have deemed necessary or advisable for the purpose of rendering this opinion, including, without limitation, originals or copies of the agreements listed in Appendix B hereof (the “VIE Agreements”) and the certificates issued by the PRC Authorities and officers of the Company (collectively, the “Documents”).

In reviewing the Documents and for the purpose of this opinion, we have assumed:

 

(1) the genuineness of all the signatures, seals and chops;

 

(2) the authenticity of the Documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity with the originals of the Documents provided to us as copies and the authenticity of such originals;

 

(3) the truthfulness, accuracy, completeness and fairness of all factual statements contained in the Documents;

 

(4) that the Documents have not been revoked, amended, varied or supplemented except as otherwise indicated in such Documents;

 

(5) that all information (including factual statements) provided to us by the Company, the PRC Subsidiary and the Variable Interest Entities in response to our enquiries for the purpose of this opinion is true, accurate, complete and not misleading, and that the Company, the PRC Subsidiary and the Variable Interest Entities have not withheld anything that, if disclosed to us, would reasonably cause us to alter this opinion in whole or in part;

 

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(6) that all parties other than the PRC Subsidiary, and the Variable Interest Entities have the requisite power and authority to enter into, execute, deliver and perform the Documents to which they are parties;

 

(7) that all parties other than the PRC Subsidiary and the Variable Interest Entities have duly executed, delivered and performed the Documents to which they are parties, and all parties will duly perform their obligations under the Documents to which they are parties;

 

(8) that all Governmental Authorizations and other official statement or documentation were obtained from competent PRC Authorities by lawful means; and

 

(9) that all the Documents are legal, valid, binding and enforceable under all such laws as govern or relate to them, other than PRC Laws.

 

I. Opinions

Based on the foregoing and subject to the disclosures contained in the Registration Statement and the qualifications set out below, we are of the opinion that, as of the date hereof, so far as PRC Laws are concerned:

 

(i) Based on our understanding of the current PRC Laws (a) the ownership structure of the PRC Subsidiary and the Variable Interest Entities, both currently and immediately after giving effect to the Offering, does not and will not violate applicable PRC Laws; (b) each of the VIE Agreements is valid, binding and enforceable in accordance with its terms and applicable PRC Laws, and, both currently and immediately after giving effect to the Offering, does not and will not violate applicable PRC Laws; and (c) each of the financial support letters issued by the PRC Subsidiary to Beijing Happy Time Technology Development Co., Ltd., Ganzhou Qudian Technology Co., Ltd., Hunan Qudian Technology Development Co., Ltd., and Xiamen Qudian Technology Co., Ltd., dated as of December 9, 2016, May 1, 2017, May 1, 2017 and June 20, 2017 respectively, does not violate applicable PRC Laws, except that the pledge on Mr. Hongjia He’s equity interest in Hunan Qudian Technology Development Co., Ltd would not be deemed validly created until it is registered with the competent administration of industry and commerce. However, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC Laws and future PRC laws and regulations, and there can be no assurance that the PRC Authorities will not take a view that is contrary to or otherwise different from our opinion stated above.

 

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(ii) The M&A Rules, among other things, purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals and formed for purposes of overseas listing through acquisition of PRC domestic interests held by such PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. The CSRC has not issued any definitive rules or interpretations concerning whether offerings such as the Offering are subject to the CSRC approval procedures under the M&A Rules. Based on our understanding of the PRC Laws (including the M&A Rules), a prior approval from the CSRC is not required under the M&A Rules for the Offering because (i) the PRC Subsidiary was established by means of direct investment rather than by merger with or acquisition of any PRC domestic companies as defined under the M&A Rules, and was not a PRC domestic company as defined under the M&A Rules, and therefore the acquisition by QD Data Limited of all the equity interest in the PRC Subsidiary was not subject to the M&A Rules; and (ii) there is no statutory provision that clearly classifies the contractual arrangement among the PRC Subsidiary and each Variable Interest Entity and its shareholders under the VIE Agreements as transactions regulated by the M&A Rules. However, uncertainties still exist as to how the M&A Rules will be interpreted and implemented and our opinion stated above is subject to any new laws, rules and regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to the M&A Rules.

 

(iii) The statements set forth in the Registration Statement under the heading “Taxation — People’s Republic of China Taxation”, to the extent that the discussion states definitive legal conclusions under PRC tax laws and regulations, subject to the qualifications therein, constitute our opinion on such matters.

 

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II. Qualifications

This opinion is subject to the following qualifications:

 

(a) This opinion is, in so far as it relates to the validity and enforceability of a contract, subject to (i) any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, (ii) possible judicial or administrative actions or any PRC Laws affecting creditors’ rights, (iii) certain equitable, legal or statutory principles affecting the validity and enforceability of contractual rights generally under concepts of public interest, interests of the State, national security, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and applicable statutes of limitation; (iv) any circumstance in connection with formulation, execution or implementation of any legal documents that would be deemed materially mistaken, clearly unconscionable, fraudulent, coercionary at the conclusions thereof; and (v) judicial discretion with respect to the availability of indemnifications, remedies or defenses, the calculation of damages, the entitlement to attorney’s fees and other costs, and the waiver of immunity from jurisdiction of any court or from legal process.

 

(b) This opinion is subject to the discretion of any competent PRC legislative, administrative or judicial bodies in exercising their authority in the PRC.

 

(c) This opinion relates only to PRC Laws and there is no assurance that any of such PRC Laws will not be changed, amended or replaced in the immediate future or in the longer term with or without retrospective effect. We express no opinion as to any laws other than PRC Laws.

 

(d) This opinion is intended to be used in the context which is specially referred to herein and each section should be considered as a whole and no part should be extracted and referred to independently.

This opinion is delivered solely for the purpose of and in connection with the Registration Statement submitted to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on the date of this opinion and may not be used for any other purpose without our prior written consent.

We hereby consent to the use of this opinion in, and the filing hereof as an exhibit to, the Registration Statement, and to the use of our firm’s name under the captions “Risk Factors”, “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities”, “Our History and Corporate Structure” and “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the regulations promulgated thereunder.

Yours sincerely,

/s/ Fangda Partners

Fangda Partners

 

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Appendix A List of Variable Interest Entities

 

1. Beijing Happy Time Technology Development Co., Ltd.

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2. Ganzhou Qudian Technology Co., Ltd.

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3. Hunan Qudian Technology Development Co., Ltd.

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4. Xiamen Qudian Technology Development Co., Ltd.

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Appendix B List of VIE Agreements

 

1. Beijing Happy Time Technology Development Co., Ltd.

 

(1) Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Happy Time Technology Development Co., Ltd., Ganzhou Happy Fenqi Network Service Co., Ltd., Ganzhou Happy Fenqi Technology Co., Ltd., and Fuzhou Happy Time Technology Co., Ltd. dated as of December 9, 2016;

 

(2) Exclusive Call Option Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Happy Time Technology Development Co., Ltd., Mr. Min Luo, Tianjin Happy Share Asset Management L.P., Shanghai Yunxin Venture Capital Co., Ltd., Beijing Kunlun Tech Co., Ltd., Phoenix Auspicious Internet Investment L.P., Tianjin Blue Run Xinhe Investment Center L.P., Jiaxing Blue Run Quchuan Investment L.P., Ningbo Yuanfeng Venture Capital L.P., and Shenzhen Huasheng Qianhai Investment Co., Ltd. dated as of December 9, 2016;

 

(3) Equity Interest Pledge Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Happy Time Technology Development Co., Ltd., Mr. Min Luo, Tianjin Happy Share Asset Management L.P., Shanghai Yunxin Venture Capital Co., Ltd., Beijing Kunlun Tech Co., Ltd., Phoenix Auspicious Internet Investment L.P., Tianjin Blue Run Xinhe Investment Center L.P., Jiaxing Blue Run Quchuan Investment L.P., Ningbo Yuanfeng Venture Capital L.P., and Shenzhen Huasheng Qianhai Investment Co., Ltd. dated as of December 9, 2016;

 

(4) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Mr. Min Luo dated as of December 9, 2016;

 

(5) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Tianjin Happy Share Asset Management L.P. dated as of December 9, 2016;

 

(6) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Yunxin Venture Capital Co., Ltd. dated as of December 9, 2016;

 

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(7) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Beijing Kunlun Tech Co., Ltd. dated as of December 9, 2016;

 

(8) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Phoenix Auspicious Internet Investment L.P. dated as of December 9, 2016;

 

(9) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Tianjin Blue Run Xinhe Investment Center L.P. dated as of December 9, 2016;

 

(10) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Jiaxing Blue Run Quchuan Investment L.P. dated as of December 9, 2016;

 

(11) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Ningbo Yuanfeng Venture Capital L.P. dated as of December 9, 2016;

 

(12) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Huasheng Qianhai Investment Co., Ltd. dated as of December 9, 2016.

 

2. Ganzhou Qudian Technology Co., Ltd.

 

(1) Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Ganzhou Qudian Technology Co., Ltd. dated as of May 1, 2017;

 

(2) Exclusive Call Option Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd., Mr. Min Luo, Mr. Lianzhu Lv and Ganzhou Qudian Technology Co., Ltd. dated as of May 1, 2017;

 

(3) Equity Interest Pledge Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd., Mr. Min Luo, Mr. Lianzhu Lv and Ganzhou Qudian Technology Co., Ltd. dated as of May 1, 2017;

 

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(4) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Mr. Min Luo and Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. dated as of May 1, 2017;

 

(5) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Mr. Lianzhu Lv and Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. dated as of May 1, 2017.

 

3. Hunan Qudian Technology Development Co., Ltd.

 

(1) Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Hunan Qudian Technology Development Co., Ltd. dated as of May 1, 2017;

 

(2) Exclusive Call Option Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd., Mr. Min Luo, Mr. Hongjia He and Hunan Qudian Technology Development Co., Ltd. dated as of May 1, 2017;

 

(3) Equity Interest Pledge Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd., Mr. Min Luo, Mr. Hongjia He and Hunan Qudian Technology Development Co., Ltd. dated as of May 1, 2017;

 

(4) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Mr. Min Luo and Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. dated as of May 1, 2017;

 

(5) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Mr. Hongjia He and Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. dated as of May 1, 2017.

 

4. Xiamen Qudian Technology Development Co., Ltd.

 

(1) Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Xiamen Qudian Technology Development Co., Ltd. dated as of June 20, 2017;

 

(2) Exclusive Call Option Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd., Mr. Min Luo, and Xiamen Qudian Technology Development Co., Ltd. dated as of June 20, 2017;

 

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(3) Equity Interest Pledge Agreement entered into by Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd., Mr. Min Luo, and Xiamen Qudian Technology Development Co., Ltd. dated as of June 20, 2017;

 

(4) Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into by Mr. Min Luo and Qufenqi (Ganzhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd. dated as of June 20, 2017;

 

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