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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The Company's significant accounting policies are consistent with those disclosed in Note 2 to its audited financial statements included in the 2019 Annual Report, except for changes related to new accounting pronouncements described in "New Accounting Pronouncements."
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include short-term deposits and highly liquid investments that have original maturities of three months or less when purchased and are stated at cost, which approximates fair value.
Short-Term Investments
Instruments with maturities greater than three months, but less than twelve months, are included in short-term investments. The Company purchases United States Treasury ("Treasury") bills with maturities ranging from six to twelve months which are classified as held to maturity and are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. The Company also purchases fixed income securities and certificates of deposits with varying maturities that are classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value. Securities classified as held to maturity are those securities that management has the intent and ability to hold to maturity.
As of June 30, 2020, short-term investments consisted of $8.5 million in cash and fixed income securities. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s short-term investments consisted of $14.7 million in cash and fixed income securities. The short-term investments are posted as collateral for the self-insured black lung related claims asserted by or on behalf of former employees of Walter Energy, Inc. ("Walter Energy") and its subsidiaries, which were assumed by the Company and relate to periods prior to March 31, 2016.
Revenue Recognition
        Revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the Company's customers are satisfied; for all contracts this occurs when control of the promised goods have been transferred to its customers. For coal shipments to domestic customers via rail, control is transferred when the railcar is loaded. For coal shipments to international customers via ocean vessel, control is transferred when the vessel is loaded at the Port of Mobile, Alabama. For natural gas sales, control is transferred when the gas has been transferred to the pipeline. Revenue is disaggregated between coal sales within the Company's mining segment and natural gas sales which is included in all other revenues, as disclosed in Note 13.

Since February 2017, the Company has had an arrangement with XCoal Energy & Resources ("XCoal") to serve as XCoal's strategic partner for exports of low-volatility hard coking coal. Under this arrangement, XCoal takes title to and markets coal that the Company would historically have sold on the spot market, in an amount of the greater of (i) 10% of the Company's total production during the applicable term of the arrangement or (ii) 250,000 metric tons. During the three months ended June 30, 2020 there were no sales to XCoal. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, XCoal accounted for $68.1 million, or 17.5% of total revenues. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, XCoal accounted for approximately $43.6 million, or 11.4% of total revenues, and $163.0 million, or 21.7% of total revenues, respectively.

Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

        Trade accounts receivable represent customer obligations that are derived from revenue recognized from contracts with customers. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the individual customer's financial condition. The Company maintains trade credit insurance on the majority of its customers and the geographic regions of coal shipments to these customers. In some instances, the Company requires letters of credit, cash collateral or prepayments from its customers on or before shipment to mitigate the risk of loss. These efforts have consistently resulted in the Company recognizing no historical credit losses. The Company also has never had to have a claim against its trade credit insurance policy.
In order to estimate the allowance for credit losses on trade accounts receivable, the Company utilizes an aging approach in which potential impairment is calculated based on how long a receivable has been outstanding (e.g., current, 1-31, 31-60, etc.). The Company calculates an expected credit loss rate based on the Company’s historical credit loss rate, the risk characteristics of our customers, and the current metallurgical coal and steel market environments. As of June 30, 2020, the estimated allowance for credit losses was immaterial and did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" as of January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach. The ASU requires the use of an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost, in which companies will be required to estimate the lifetime expected credit loss and record an allowance to offset the amortized cost basis, resulting in a net presentation of the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements, including accounting policies, processes and systems.