10-Q 1 d788024d10q.htm FS CREDIT REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC. FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

 

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2019

OR

 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                  TO                 

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 333-216037

 

 

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Maryland   81-4446064

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

201 Rouse Boulevard

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

  19112
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

(215) 495-1150

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes   ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer

 

  

Accelerated filer

 

Non-accelerated filer

 

  

Smaller reporting company

 

    

Emerging growth company

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: None.

 

Title of each class

  

Trading

Symbol(s)

  

Name of each exchange on which registered

N/A    N/A    N/A

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date.

As of August 14, 2019 there were 2,533,353 outstanding shares of Class F common stock, 193,013 outstanding shares of Class Y common stock, 643,666 outstanding shares of Class T common stock, 3,785 outstanding shares of Class S common stock, 170,703 outstanding shares of Class D common stock, 968,627 outstanding shares of Class M common stock and 833,886 outstanding shares of Class I common stock.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page  

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

ITEM 1.  

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

  
 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June  30, 2019 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2018

     1  
 

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018

     2  
 

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018

     3  
 

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018

     4  
 

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30,
2019 and 2018

     5  
 

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

     6  
ITEM 2.  

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

     26  
ITEM 3.  

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

     36  
ITEM 4.  

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

     37  
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION   
ITEM 1.  

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

     38  
ITEM 1A.  

RISK FACTORS

     38  
ITEM 2.  

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

     38  
ITEM 3.  

DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

     39  
ITEM 4.  

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

     39  
ITEM 5.  

OTHER INFORMATION

     39  
ITEM 6.  

EXHIBITS

     39  
 

SIGNATURES

     40  


Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1.

Financial Statements.

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share amounts)

 

 

 

     June 30,
2019
(Unaudited)
     December 31,
2018
 

Assets

     

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 885      $ 608  

Restricted cash

     2,315        2,000  

Loans receivable

     312,646        239,207  

Mortgage-backed securities, at fair value

     1,900        1,987  

Reimbursement due from sponsor

     420        708  

Interest receivable

     847        704  

Other assets

     50        18  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 319,063      $ 245,232  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities

     

Repurchase agreements payable (net of deferred financing costs of $527 and $878, respectively)

   $ 194,728      $ 158,248  

Due to related party

     2,014        912  

Interest payable

     316        304  

Payable for shares repurchased

     —          100  

Other liabilities

     3,627        2,232  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     200,685        161,796  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Commitments and contingencies (See Note 9)

     

Stockholders’ equity

     

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding

     —          —    

Class F common stock, $0.01 par value, 125,000,000 shares authorized, 2,523,969 and 2,471,864 issued and outstanding, respectively

     25        25  

Class Y common stock, $0.01 par value, 125,000,000 shares authorized, 193,013 and 193,013 issued and outstanding, respectively

     2        2  

Class T common stock, $0.01 par value, 125,000,000 shares authorized, 497,869 and 124,581 issued and outstanding, respectively

     5        1  

Class S common stock, $0.01 par value, 125,000,000 shares authorized, 3,783 and 3,773 issued and outstanding, respectively

     —          —    

Class D common stock, $0.01 par value, 125,000,000 shares authorized, 107,094 and 60,934 issued and outstanding, respectively

     1        1  

Class M common stock, $0.01 par value, 125,000,000 shares authorized, 823,517 and 417,992 issued and outstanding, respectively

     8        4  

Class I common stock, $0.01 par value, 300,000,000 shares authorized, 679,002 and 128,526 issued and outstanding, respectively

     7        1  

Additional paid-in capital

     118,016        83,555  

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     4        (10

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)

     310        (143
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

     118,378        83,436  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

   $ 319,063      $ 245,232  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

1


Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

 

     Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2019     2018     2019     2018  

Net interest income

        

Interest income

   $ 4,983     $ 2,203     $ 9,541     $ 3,168  

Less: Interest expense

     (2,366     (1,302     (4,514     (1,850
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income

     2,617       901       5,027       1,318  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other expenses

        

Management and performance fees

     141       4       273       4  

General and administrative expenses

     872       722       1,764       1,193  

Less: Expense limitation

     (420     (561     (957     (917
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net other expenses

     593       165       1,080       280  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 2,024     $ 736     $ 3,947     $ 1,038  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Per share information—basic and diluted

        

Net income per share of common stock (earnings per share)

   $ 0.45     $ 0.41     $ 0.95     $ 0.68  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average common stock outstanding

     4,538,627       1,780,663       4,165,993       1,519,940  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands)

 

 

 

     Three Months Ended
June 30,
     Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
         2019              2018              2019              2018      

Net income

   $ 2,024      $ 736      $ 3,947      $ 1,038  

Other comprehensive income

           

Net change in unrealized gain on mortgage-backed securities

     3        —          14        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive income

     3        —          14        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

   $ 2,027      $ 736      $ 3,961      $ 1,038  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(in thousands, except share amounts)

 

 

 

    Common Stock                                
    Shares     Par
Amount
    Additional
Paid-In
Capital
    Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
    Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)
    Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 

Three Months Ended June 30, 2019

           

Balance as of March 31, 2019

    4,004,681     $ 40     $ 98,037     $ 1     $ 179     $ 98,257  

Common stock issued

    791,139       8       19,722       —         —         19,730  

Distributions declared

    —         —         —         —         (1,893     (1,893

Proceeds from distribution reinvestment plan

    32,427       —         806       —         —         806  

Redemptions of common stock

    —         —         —         —         —         —    

Stockholder servicing fees

    —         —         (549     —         —         (549

Net income

    —         —         —         —         2,024       2,024  

Other comprehensive income

    —         —         —         3       —         3  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of June 30, 2019

    4,828,247     $ 48     $ 118,016     $ 4     $ 310     $ 118,378  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Three Months Ended June 30, 2018

           

Balance as of March 31, 2018

    1,391,797     $ 14     $ 34,759     $ —       $ (467   $ 34,306  

Common stock issued

    835,300       9       20,519       —         —         20,528  

Distributions declared

    —         —         —         —         (855     (855

Proceeds from distribution reinvestment plan

    26,599       —         652       —         —         652  

Stockholder servicing fees

    —         —         (40     —         —         (40

Net income

    —         —         —         —         736       736  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of June 30, 2018

    2,253,696     $ 23     $ 55,890     $ —       $ (586   $ 55,327  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019

           

Balance as of December 31, 2018

    3,400,683     $ 34     $ 83,555     $ (10   $ (143   $ 83,436  

Common stock issued

    1,370,286       14       34,197       —         —         34,211  

Distributions declared

    —         —         —         —         (3,494     (3,494

Proceeds from distribution reinvestment plan

    62,246       —         1,546       —         —         1,546  

Redemptions of common stock

    (4,968     —         (125     —         —         (125

Stockholder servicing fees

    —         —         (1,157     —         —         (1,157

Net income

    —         —         —         —         3,947       3,947  

Other comprehensive income

    —         —         —         14       —         14  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of June 30, 2019

    4,828,247     $ 48     $ 118,016     $ 4     $ 310     $ 118,378  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018

           

Balance as of December 31, 2017

    1,179,915     $ 12     $ 29,514     $ —       $ (187   $ 29,339  

Common stock issued

    1,028,834       11       25,312       —         —         25,323  

Distributions declared

    —         —         —         —         (1,437     (1,437

Proceeds from distribution reinvestment plan

    44,947       —         1,104       —         —         1,104  

Stockholder servicing fees

    —         —         (40     —         —         (40

Net income

    —         —         —         —         1,038       1,038  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of June 30, 2018

    2,253,696     $ 23     $ 55,890     $ —       $ (586   $ 55,327  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

 

 

 

     Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2019     2018  

Cash flows from operating activities

    

Net income

   $ 3,947     $ 1,038  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

    

Amortization of deferred fees on loans

     (267     (116

Amortization of deferred financing costs

     534       478  

Changes in assets and liabilities

    

Reimbursement due from sponsor

     288       (20

Interest receivable

     (143     (334

Other assets

     (32     —    

Due to related party

     1,102       (301

Interest payable

     12       201  

Other liabilities

     151       607  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

     5,592       1,553  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows used in investing activities

    

Origination and fundings of loans receivable

     (82,672     (132,704

Principal collections from loans receivable

     9,500       2  

Purchases of mortgage-backed securities

     (274     —    

Principal repayments of mortgage-backed securities

     375       —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     (73,071     (132,702
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities

    

Issuance of common stock

     34,211       25,033  

Redemptions of common stock

     (225     —    

Stockholder distributions paid

     (1,806     (333

Stockholder servicing fees

     (55     (40

Borrowings under repurchase agreements

     66,904       125,421  

Repayments under repurchase agreements

     (30,775     (17,550

Payment of deferred financing costs

     (183     (980
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     68,071       131,551  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

     592       402  

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period

     2,608       2,442  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

   $ 3,200     $ 2,844  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information and non-cash financing activities

    

Payments of interest

   $ 3,968     $ 1,171  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accrued stockholder servicing fee

   $ 1,102     $ —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Distributions payable

   $ 399     $ —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Reinvestment of stockholder distributions

   $ 1,546     $ 1,104  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 1. Principal Business and Organization

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., or the Company, was incorporated under the general corporation laws of the State of Maryland on November 7, 2016 and formally commenced investment operations on September 13, 2017. The Company is currently conducting an initial public offering of up to $2,750,000 of its Class T, Class S, Class D, Class M and Class I shares of common stock pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-11 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, consisting of up to $2,500,000 in shares in its primary offering and up to $250,000 in shares pursuant to its distribution reinvestment plan. The Company is also conducting a private offering of shares of its Class F common stock and previously conducted a private offering of its Class Y common stock. The Company is managed by FS Real Estate Advisor, LLC, or FS Real Estate Advisor, a subsidiary of the Company’s sponsor, Franklin Square Holdings, L.P., which does business as FS Investments, or FS Investments, a national sponsor of alternative investment funds designed for the individual investor. FS Real Estate Advisor has engaged Rialto Capital Management, LLC, or Rialto, to act as its sub-adviser.

The Company has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2017. The Company intends to be an investment vehicle of indefinite duration focused on real estate debt investments and other real estate-related assets. The shares of common stock are generally intended to be sold and repurchased by the Company on a continuous basis. The Company intends to conduct its operations so that it is not required to register under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act.

The Company’s primary investment objectives are to: provide current income in the form of regular, stable cash distributions to achieve an attractive dividend yield; preserve and protect invested capital; realize appreciation in net asset value, or NAV, from proactive investment management and asset management; and provide an investment alternative for stockholders seeking to allocate a portion of their long-term investment portfolios to commercial real estate debt with lower volatility than public real estate companies.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation: The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. The unaudited consolidated financial statements include both the Company’s accounts and the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiaries as of June 30, 2019. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation. The operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. The Company has evaluated the impact of subsequent events through the date the unaudited consolidated financial statements were issued.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of the unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company invests its cash in an overnight institutional money market fund. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s investment in an overnight institutional money market fund was $820 and $599, respectively. The Company’s uninvested cash is maintained with high credit quality financial institutions, which are members of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Restricted cash represents cash held in a bank account related to one of the Company’s repurchase facilities.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets to the total amount shown in the Company’s unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows:

 

     June 30,  
     2019      2018  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 885      $ 729  

Restricted cash

     2,315        2,115  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

   $ 3,200      $ 2,844  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans Receivable and Provision for Loan Losses: The Company originates and purchases commercial real estate debt and related instruments generally to be held as long-term investments at amortized cost. The Company is required to periodically evaluate each of these loans for possible impairment. Impairment is indicated when it is deemed probable that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due to it pursuant to the contractual terms of the loan. If a loan is determined to be impaired, the Company writes down the loan through a charge to the provision for loan losses. Impairment of these loans, which are collateral dependent, is measured by comparing the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, less costs to sell, to the book value of the respective loan. These valuations require significant judgments, which include assumptions regarding capitalization rates, leasing, creditworthiness of major tenants, occupancy rates, availability of financing, exit plan, loan sponsorship, actions of other lenders, and other factors deemed necessary by FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto. Actual losses, if any, could ultimately differ from these estimates. FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto perform a quarterly review of the Company’s portfolio of loans.

 

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FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

In connection with this review, FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto assess the risk factors of each loan and assign a risk rating based on a variety of factors, including, without limitation, loan-to-value ratio, or LTV, debt yield, property type, geographic and local market dynamics, physical condition, cash flow volatility, leasing and tenant profile, loan structure and exit plan, and project sponsorship. Based on a 5-point scale, the Company’s loans are rated “1” through “5”, from less risk to greater risk, which ratings are defined as follows:

 

Loan
Risk
Rating

  

Summary Description

1    Very Low Risk
2    Low Risk
3    Medium Risk
4    High Risk/Potential for Loss: A loan that has a risk of realizing a principal loss
5    Impaired/Loss Likely: A loan that has a very high risk of realizing a principal loss or has otherwise incurred a principal loss

Mortgage-backed Securities: The Company classifies its mortgage-backed securities as available for sale. The investments are reported at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments: Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, or ASC Topic 820, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires certain disclosures about fair value measurements under GAAP. Specifically, this guidance defines fair value based on exit price, or the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or the transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

ASC Topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring financial instruments. Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument, and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices in active markets generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.

Financial instruments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed based on the observability of inputs used in the determination, as follows:

 

  Level 1:

Generally includes only unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for identical financial instruments as of the reporting date.

 

  Level 2:

Pricing inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments, quoted prices in less active or inactive markets for identical or similar instruments where multiple price quotes can be obtained, and other observable inputs, such as interest rates, yield curves, credit risks, and default rates.

 

  Level 3:

Pricing inputs are unobservable for the financial instruments and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the financial instrument. These inputs require significant judgment or estimation by management or third parties when determining fair value and generally represent anything that does not meet the criteria of Levels 1 and 2.

 

8


Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

The estimated value of each asset reported at fair value using Level 3 inputs is determined by an internal committee composed of members of senior management of FS Real Estate Advisor.

Certain of the Company’s other assets are reported at fair value either (i) on a recurring basis, as of each quarter-end, or (ii) on a nonrecurring basis, as a result of impairment or other events. The Company generally values its assets recorded at fair value by either (i) discounting expected cash flows based on assumptions regarding the collection of principal and interest and estimated market rates, or (ii) obtaining assessments from third-party dealers. For collateral-dependent loans that are identified as impaired, the Company measures impairment by comparing FS Real Estate Advisor’s estimation of fair value of the underlying collateral, less costs to sell, to the book value of the respective loan. These valuations may require significant judgments, which include assumptions regarding capitalization rates, leasing, creditworthiness of major tenants, occupancy rates, availability of financing, exit plan, loan sponsorship, actions of other lenders, and other factors deemed necessary by FS Real Estate Advisor.

The Company is also required by GAAP to disclose fair value information about financial instruments that are not otherwise reported at fair value in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, to the extent it is practicable to estimate a fair value for those instruments. These disclosure requirements exclude certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments.

The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments, for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

 

   

Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amount of cash on deposit and in money market funds approximates fair value.

 

   

Restricted cash: The carrying amount of restricted cash approximates fair value.

 

   

Loans receivable, net: The fair values for these loans were estimated by FS Real Estate Advisor based on discounted cash flow methodology taking into consideration factors, including capitalization rates, discount rates, leasing, occupancy rates, availability and cost of financing, exit plan, sponsorship, actions of other lenders, and indications of market value from other market participants.

 

   

Mortgage-backed securities: The fair values for these investments were based on indicative deal quotes.

 

   

Repurchase obligations: The fair values for these instruments were estimated based on the rate at which similar credit facilities would have currently been priced.

Deferred Financing Costs: The deferred financing costs that are included as a reduction in the net book value of the related liability on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets include issuance and other costs related to the Company’s debt obligations. These costs are amortized as interest expense using the straight-line method over the term of the related obligation, which approximates the effective interest method.

Revenue Recognition: Security transactions are accounted for on the trade date. The Company records interest income on an accrual basis to the extent that the Company expects to collect such amounts. The Company records dividend income on the ex-dividend date. The Company does not accrue as a receivable interest or dividends on loans and securities if there is reason to doubt the collectability of such income. Any loan

 

9


Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

origination fees, loan exit fees, original issue discount and market discount are capitalized and such amounts are amortized as interest income over the respective term of the investment. Upon the prepayment of a loan or security, any unamortized loan origination fees to which the Company is entitled are recorded as fee income. The Company records prepayment premiums on loans and securities as fee income when it receives such amounts.

Organization Costs: Organization costs include, among other things, the cost of incorporating, including the cost of legal services and other fees pertaining to the Company’s organization. These costs will be expensed as incurred. During the period from November 7, 2016 (Inception) to September 13, 2017 (Commencement of Operations), the Company incurred organization costs of $243, which were paid on its behalf by FS Investments (see Note 6).

Offering Costs: Offering costs primarily include, among other things, marketing expenses and printing, legal and due diligence fees and other costs pertaining to the Company’s continuous public offering of shares of its common stock, including the preparation of the registration statement and salaries and direct expenses of FS Real Estate Advisor’s personnel, employees of its respective affiliates and others while engaged in such activities. The Company will charge offering costs against additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets as it raises proceeds in its continuous public offering. During the period from November 7, 2016 (Inception) to June 30, 2019, the Company incurred offering costs of $8,005, which were paid on its behalf by FS Investments (see Note 6).

Income Taxes: The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2017. In order to maintain its status as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income to its stockholders. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax on income that it distributes to stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants the Company relief under certain statutory provisions.

Uncertainty in Income Taxes: The Company evaluates each of its tax positions to determine if they meet the minimum recognition threshold in connection with accounting for uncertainties in income tax positions taken or expected to be taken for the purposes of measuring and recognizing tax benefits or liabilities in the unaudited consolidated financial statements. Recognition of a tax benefit or liability with respect to an uncertain tax position is required only when the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained assuming examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax liabilities as income tax expense in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations. During the period from November 7, 2016 (Inception) to June 30, 2019, the Company did not incur any interest or penalties.

Stockholder Servicing Fees: The Company follows the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 405, Liabilities, when accounting for stockholder servicing fees. The Company will pay stockholder servicing fees over time on its shares of Class T, Class S, Class D and Class M common stock as described in Note 6. The Company records stockholder servicing fees as a reduction to additional paid-in capital and records the related liability in an amount equal to its best estimate of the fees payable in relation to the shares of Class T,

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

Class S, Class D and Class M common stock on the date such shares are issued. The liability will be reduced over time, as the fees are paid to the dealer manager, or adjusted if the fees are no longer payable.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements: In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326), or ASU 2016-13. ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. ASU 2016-13 will replace the “incurred loss” model under existing guidance with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost and require entities to record allowances for available-for-sale debt securities rather than reduce the carrying amount, as they do today under the other than-temporary impairment model. It also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. For public entities, the new standard is effective during the interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. On July 17, 2019, FASB voted to delay the effective date of this ASU for smaller reporting companies until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. As the Company is a smaller reporting company, the proposed delay would be applicable, if approved by FASB. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-13 on its unaudited consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement—Disclosures Framework—Changes to Disclosure Requirements of Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), or ASU 2018-13. ASU 2018-13 introduces new fair value disclosure requirements and eliminates and modifies certain existing fair value disclosure requirements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2018-13 on its unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Note 3. Loans Receivable

The following table details overall statistics for the Company’s loans receivable portfolio as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

 

     June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
    December 31,
2018
 

Number of loans

     19       17  

Principal balance

   $ 312,177     $ 238,979  

Net book value

   $ 312,646     $ 239,207  

Unfunded loan commitments(1)

   $ 45,946     $ 38,324  

Weighted-average cash coupon(2)

     6.77     7.28

Weighted-average all-in yield(2)

     6.95     7.48

Weighted-average maximum maturity (years)(3)

     3.7       3.6  

 

(1)

The Company may be required to provide funding when requested by the borrower in accordance with the terms of the underlying agreements.

(2)

The Company’s floating-rate loans are indexed to the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR. In addition to cash coupon, all-in yield includes accretion of discount (amortization of premium) and accrual of exit fees.

(3)

Maximum maturity assumes all extension options are exercised by the borrower, however loans may be repaid prior to such date.

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 3. Loans Receivable (continued)

 

For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the activity in the Company’s loan portfolio was as follows:

 

     For the Six Months
Ended June 30,
 
     2019      2018  

Balance at beginning of period

   $ 239,207      $ 49,929  

Loan fundings

     82,672        132,704  

Loan repayments

     (9,500      (2

Amortization of deferred fees on loans

     267        116  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at end of period

   $ 312,646      $ 182,747  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following tables detail the property type and geographic location of the properties securing the loans in the Company’s portfolio as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

 

     June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
    December 31, 2018  

Property Type

   Net Book
Value
     Percentage     Net Book
Value
     Percentage  

Office

   $ 93,056        30   $ 91,898        38

Multifamily

     71,992        23     80,750        34

Retail

     29,784        9     29,757        13

Hospitality

     52,840        17     24,302        10

Industrial

     26,984        9     12,500        5

Mixed-Use

     37,990        12     —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 312,646        100   $ 239,207        100
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
    December 31, 2018  

Geographic Location(1)

   Net Book
Value
     Percentage     Net Book
Value
     Percentage  

South

   $ 122,148        39   $ 130,066        54

Northeast

     119,637        38     67,293        28

West

     70,861        23     41,848        18
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 312,646        100   $ 239,207        100
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)

As defined by the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.

As of June 30, 2019, all of the Company’s loans had a risk rating of “3”. The Company did not have any impaired loans, non-accrual loans, or loans in maturity default as of June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 3. Loans Receivable (continued)

 

Subsequent Activity

During the period from July 1, 2019 through the date the unaudited consolidated financial statements were issued, the Company closed on three senior floating-rate mortgage loan of which $52,550 was funded at closing. The Company funded the purchase of the loan with cash on hand, proceeds from its public and private offerings and $38,488 in proceeds from the Company’s financing facilities.

Note 4. Mortgage-Backed Securities

The Company classified its commercial mortgage-backed securities, or CMBS, as available-for-sale as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The investment is reported at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income.

The table below summarizes various attributes of or investment in available-for-sale CMBS as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

 

                   Gross Unrealized            Weighted Average  
     Outstanding
Face Amount
     Amortized
Cost Basis
     Gains      Losses     Fair
Value
     Coupon(1)     Remaining
Duration (years)
 

June 30, 2019 (Unaudited)

   $ 1,896      $ 1,896      $ 4        —       $ 1,900        3.50     1.3  

December 31, 2018

   $ 2,000      $ 1,997        —        $ (10   $ 1,987        3.60     1.8  

 

(1)

Calculated using the one-month LIBOR rate of 2.40% and 2.50% as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Note 5. Financing Arrangements

The following tables present summary information with respect to the Company’s outstanding financing arrangements as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

 

     As of June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
 

Arrangement(1)

   Type of
Arrangement
     Weighted
Average Rate
    Amount
Outstanding
     Amount
Available
     Weighted
Average Term(2)
 

WF-1 Facility(3)

     Repurchase        4.86   $ 67,434      $ 7,566        4.6  

GS-1 Facility(4)

     Repurchase        4.73     127,821        47,179        3.3  
       

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total

        $ 195,255      $ 54,745     
       

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1)

The carrying amount outstanding under the facilities approximates their fair value.

(2)

The weighted average term is determined based on the maximum maturity of the corresponding loans, assuming all extension options are exercised by the borrowers under the corresponding loans, without regard to the term of the facilities. Each transaction under the facilities has its own specific terms.

(3)

The carrying amount and fair value of assets transferred as collateral underlying the facility is $115,455 and $115,453, respectively.

(4)

The carrying amount and fair value of assets transferred as collateral underlying the facility is $179,681 and $179,335, respectively.

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 5. Financing Arrangements (continued)

 

     As of December 31, 2018  

Arrangement(1)

   Type of
Arrangement
     Weighted
Average Rate
    Amount
Outstanding
     Amount
Available
     Weighted
Average Term(2)
 

WF-1 Facility(3)

     Repurchase        4.49   $ 31,305      $ 43,695        3.4  

GS-1 Facility(4)

     Repurchase        4.35     127,821        2,179        3.8  
       

 

 

    

 

 

    
        $ 159,126      $ 45,874     
       

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1)

The carrying amount outstanding under the facilities approximates their fair value.

(2)

The weighted average term is determined based on the maximum maturity of the corresponding loans, assuming all extension options are exercised by the borrowers under the corresponding loans, without regard to the term of the facilities. Each transaction under the facilities has its own specific terms.

(3)

The carrying amount and fair value of assets transferred as collateral underlying the facility is $43,759 and $43,745, respectively.

(4)

The carrying amount and fair value of assets transferred as collateral underlying the facility is $177,960 and $178,026, respectively.

The Company’s average borrowings and weighted average interest rate, including the effect of non-usage fees, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 were $166,341 and 4.76%, respectively. The Company’s average borrowings and weighted average interest rate, including the effect of non-usage fees, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 were $65,201 and 4.19%, respectively.

WF-1 Facility

On August 30, 2017, the Company’s indirect wholly owned, special-purpose financing subsidiary, FS CREIT Finance WF-1 LLC, or WF-1, entered into a Master Repurchase and Securities Contract, or, as amended, the WF-1 Repurchase Agreement, and together with the related transaction documents, the WF-1 Facility, with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, or Wells Fargo, to finance the acquisition and origination of commercial real estate whole loans or senior controlling participation interests in such loans. The current maximum amount of financing available under the WF-1 Facility is $150,000 ($75,000 as of June 30, 2019), which may be increased to $200,000 with the consent of Wells Fargo. Each transaction under the WF-1 Facility has its own specific terms, such as identification of the assets subject to the transaction, sale price, repurchase price and rate.

WF-1 remains exposed to the credit risk of each asset sold to Wells Fargo under the WF-1 Facility, because WF-1 must repurchase each asset on a date mutually agreed by the parties at the time of its sale to Wells Fargo, and in any event no later than such asset’s maturity date. The Company has accounted for these transactions as secured borrowings.

The initial funding period and term of the WF-1 Facility was one year. On July 24, 2018, WF-1 entered into an amendment to the WF-1 Facility to extend each of the funding period termination date and facility maturity date by one year to August 30, 2019. At the request of WF-1, Wells Fargo may grant further extensions of the facility termination date (without extensions of the funding period) for three one-year periods. In addition, at the request of WF-1, Wells Fargo may grant a further one-year extension of the funding period.

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 5. Financing Arrangements (continued)

 

The Company incurred $991 of deferred financing costs related to the WF-1 Facility, which is being amortized to interest expense over the life of the facility. As of June 30, 2019, $139 had yet to be amortized to interest expense. The WF-1 Facility became subject to a non-utilization fee beginning on November 28, 2017. On April 26, 2018, the WF-1 Repurchase Agreement was amended to, among other things, cancel the non-utilization fee from March 16, 2018 through the date on which the Company meets a certain equity capital threshold. On July 24, 2018, the WF-1 Repurchase Agreement was again amended to set October 22, 2018 as the date on which the non-utilization fee will begin to accrue.

In connection with the WF-1 Repurchase Agreement, the Company also entered into a guarantee agreement, or the WF-1 Guarantee, pursuant to which the Company guarantees WF-1’s obligations under the WF-1 Repurchase Agreement subject to limitations specified therein.

The WF-1 Repurchase Agreement and WF-1 Guarantee, as amended, contain representations, warranties, covenants, events of default and indemnities that are customary for agreements of their type. In addition, WF-1 is required to maintain a certain minimum liquidity amount in a collateral account with Wells Fargo and the Company is required (i) to maintain its adjusted tangible net worth at an amount equal to or greater than the greater of (A) the sum of $37,500 plus 75% of all equity capital raised by it from and after the closing date and (B) 75% of the then-current maximum facility size; (ii) to maintain, commencing on September 30, 2018, an earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, to interest expense ratio not less than 1.50 to 1.00; (iii) to maintain a total indebtedness to tangible net worth ratio of less than 3.00 to 1.00; and (iv) to maintain liquidity of not less than 7.5% of the amount outstanding under the WF-1 Facility. As of June 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

GS-1 Facility

On January 26, 2018, the Company’s indirect wholly owned, special-purpose financing subsidiary, FS CREIT Finance GS-1 LLC, or GS-1, entered into an Uncommitted Master Repurchase and Securities Contract Agreement, or, as amended, the GS-1 Repurchase Agreement, and together with the related transaction documents, the GS-1 Facility, as seller, with Goldman Sachs Bank USA, or Goldman Sachs, as buyer, to finance the acquisition and origination of whole, performing senior commercial or multifamily floating-rate mortgage loans secured by first liens on office, retail, industrial, hospitality, multifamily or other commercial properties. The current maximum amount of financing available under the GS-1 Facility is $175,000, which may be increased to $250,000 with the consent of Goldman Sachs if the Company meets certain equity capital thresholds. Each transaction under the GS-1 Facility has its own specific terms, such as identification of the assets subject to the transaction, sale price, repurchase price and rate.

GS-1 remains exposed to the credit risk of each asset sold to Goldman Sachs under the GS-1 Facility, because GS-1 must repurchase each asset on a date mutually agreed by the parties at the time of its sale to Goldman Sachs, and in any event no later than such asset’s maturity date. The Company has accounted for these transactions as secured borrowings.

The initial availability period of the GS-1 Facility (during which financing under the GS-1 Facility may be used for acquisition and origination of new assets) is two years. GS-1 may extend the availability period for up to two one-year term extensions, so long as certain conditions are met. After the end of the availability period, GS-1

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 5. Financing Arrangements (continued)

 

may exercise an option to commence a one-year amortization period, so long as certain conditions are met. During the amortization period, certain of the terms of the GS-1 Facility will be modified, including an increase to the rate charged on each asset financed under the GS-1 Facility.

In connection with the GS-1 Repurchase Agreement, the Company entered into a Guarantee Agreement, the GS-1 Guarantee, pursuant to which the Company guarantees 50% of GS-1’s obligations under the GS-1 Repurchase Agreement, subject to limitations specified therein. The GS-1 Guarantee may become full recourse to the Company upon the occurrence of certain events, including willful bad acts by the Company or GS-1.

The GS-1 Repurchase Agreement and GS-1 Guarantee contain representations, warranties, covenants, events of default and indemnities that are customary for agreements of their type. In addition, the Company is required (i) to maintain its adjusted tangible net worth at an amount equal to or greater than $37,500 plus 75% of all equity capital raised by the Company from and after the closing date; (ii) to maintain an EBITDA to interest expense ratio not less than 1.50 to 1.00; (iii) to maintain a total indebtedness to tangible net worth ratio of less than 3.00 to 1.00; and (iv) to maintain liquidity at not less than 7.5% of the amount outstanding under the GS-1 Facility. As of June 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

The Company incurred $1,157 of deferred financing costs related to the GS-1 Facility, which is being amortized to interest expense over the life of the facility. As of June 30, 2019, $388 had yet to be amortized to interest expense.

Note 6. Related Party Transactions

Compensation of FS Real Estate Advisor and the Dealer Manager

Pursuant to the second amended and restated advisory agreement dated as of August 17, 2018, or the advisory agreement, FS Real Estate Advisor is entitled to a base management fee equal to 1.25% of the NAV for the Company’s Class T, Class S, Class D, Class M and Class I shares, payable quarterly in arrears. The payment of all or any portion of the base management fee accrued with respect to any quarter may be deferred by FS Real Estate Advisor, without interest, and may be taken in any such other quarter as FS Real Estate Advisor may determine. In calculating the Company’s base management fee, the Company will use its NAV before giving effect to accruals for such fee, stockholder servicing fees or distributions payable on its shares. The base management fee is a class-specific expense. No base management fee is paid on the Company’s Class F or Class Y shares.

FS Real Estate Advisor is also entitled to the performance fee calculated and payable quarterly in arrears in an amount equal to 10.0% of the Company’s Core Earnings (as defined below) for the immediately preceding quarter, subject to a hurdle rate, expressed as a rate of return on average adjusted capital, equal to 1.625% per quarter, or an annualized hurdle rate of 6.5%. As a result, FS Real Estate Advisor does not earn a performance fee for any quarter until the Company’s Core Earnings for such quarter exceed the hurdle rate of 1.625%. For purposes of the performance fee, “adjusted capital” means cumulative net proceeds generated from sales of the Company’s common stock other than Class F common stock (including proceeds from the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan) reduced for distributions from non-liquidating dispositions of the Company’s investments paid to stockholders and amounts paid for share repurchases pursuant to the Company’s share repurchase plan. Once the Company’s Core Earnings in any quarter exceed the hurdle rate, FS Real Estate

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 6. Related Party Transactions (continued)

 

Advisor will be entitled to a “catch-up” fee equal to the amount of Core Earnings in excess of the hurdle rate, until the Company’s Core Earnings for such quarter equal 1.806%, or 7.222% annually, of adjusted capital. Thereafter, FS Real Estate Advisor is entitled to receive 10.0% of the Company’s Core Earnings.

For purposes of calculating the performance fee, “Core Earnings” means: the net income (loss) attributable to stockholders of Class Y, Class T, Class S, Class D, Class M and Class I shares, computed in accordance with GAAP (provided that net income (loss) attributable to Class Y stockholders shall be reduced by an amount equal to the base management fee that would have been paid if Class Y shares were subject to such fee), including realized gains (losses) not otherwise included in GAAP net income (loss) and excluding (i) non-cash equity compensation expense, (ii) the performance fee, (iii) depreciation and amortization, (iv) any unrealized gains or losses or other similar non-cash items that are included in net income for the applicable reporting period, regardless of whether such items are included in other comprehensive income or loss, or in net income, and (v) one-time events pursuant to changes in GAAP and certain material non-cash income or expense items, in each case after discussions between FS Real Estate Advisor and the Company’s independent directors and approved by a majority of the Company’s independent directors. The performance fee is a class-specific expense. No performance fee is paid on the Company’s Class F shares.

Pursuant to the amended and restated sub-advisory agreement dated as of August 30, 2017, as amended, or the sub-advisory agreement, Rialto will receive 50% of all base management fees and performance fees payable to FS Real Estate Advisor.

The Company reimburses FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto for their actual costs incurred in providing administrative services to the Company. FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto are required to allocate the cost of such services to the Company based on objective factors such as total assets, revenues and/or time allocations. At least annually, the Company’s board of directors reviews the amount of the administrative services expenses reimbursable to FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto to determine whether such amounts are reasonable in relation to the services provided. The Company will not reimburse FS Real Estate Advisor or Rialto for any services for which it receives a separate fee or for any administrative expenses allocated to employees to the extent they serve as executive officers of the Company.

FS Investments funded the Company’s organization and offering costs in the amount of $8,248 for the period from November 7, 2016 (Inception) to June 30, 2019. These expenses include legal, accounting, printing, mailing and filing fees and expenses, due diligence expenses of participating broker-dealers supported by detailed and itemized invoices, costs in connection with preparing sales materials, design and website expenses, fees and expenses of the Company’s transfer agent, fees to attend retail seminars sponsored by participating broker-dealers and reimbursements for customary travel, lodging, and meals, but excluding selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees. Under the advisory agreement, FS Real Estate Advisor has agreed to advance all of the Company’s organization and offering expenses on the Company’s behalf until it has raised $250,000 of gross proceeds from its public offering.

The Company will reimburse FS Real Estate Advisor for any organization and offering expenses that it or Rialto has incurred on the Company’s behalf, up to a cap of 0.75% of the gross proceeds from its public offering in excess of $250,000. As of June 30, 2019, the Company has not reimbursed FS Real Estate Advisor for any organization and offering expenses.

 

17


Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 6. Related Party Transactions (continued)

 

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company incurred costs of $341 in connection with obtaining the WF-1 Facility which were paid on behalf of the Company by FS Investments. The Company has recorded these costs as deferred financing costs on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and amortizes to interest expense over the life of the facility. During the year ended December 31, 2018, all of these costs were reimbursed to FS Investments.

The following table describes the fees and expenses accrued under the advisory agreement during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:

 

            Three Months
Ended June 30,
    Six Months
Ended June 30,
 

Related Party

 

Source Agreement

 

Description

    2019         2018       2019     2018  

FS Real Estate Advisor

  Advisory Agreement   Base Management Fee(1)   $ 141     $ 4     $ 225     $ 4  

FS Real Estate Advisor

  Advisory Agreement   Performance Fee(2)   $ 0     $ 0     $ 48     $ 0  

FS Real Estate Advisor

  Advisory Agreement   Administrative Services Expenses(3)   $ 583     $ 339     $ 1,177     $ 639  

 

(1)

During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, $132 and $0, respectively, in base management fees were paid to FS Real Estate Advisor. As of June 30, 2019, $140 in base management fees were payable to FS Real Estate Advisor.

(2)

During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, $72 and $0, respectively, in performance fees were paid to FS Real Estate Advisor. As of June 30, 2019, $0 in performance fees were payable to FS Real Estate Advisor.

(3)

During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, $1,023 and $622, respectively, of the accrued administrative services expenses related to the allocation of costs of administrative personnel for services rendered to the Company by FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto and the remainder related to other reimbursable expenses.

The dealer manager for the Company’s continuous public offering is FS Investment Solutions, LLC, or FS Investment Solutions, which is an affiliate of FS Real Estate Advisor. Under the amended and restated dealer manager agreement dated as of August 17, 2018, or the dealer manager agreement, FS Investment Solutions is entitled to receive upfront selling commissions of up to 3.0%, and upfront dealer manager fees of 0.5% of the transaction price of each Class T share sold in the primary offering, however such amounts may vary at certain participating broker-dealers provided that the sum will not exceed 3.5% of the transaction price (subject to reductions for certain categories of purchasers). FS Investment Solutions is entitled to receive upfront selling commissions of up to 3.5% of the transaction price per Class S share sold in the primary offering (subject to reductions for certain categories of purchasers). The dealer manager anticipates that all of the selling commissions and dealer manager fees will be re-allowed to participating broker-dealers, unless a particular broker-dealer declines to accept some portion of the dealer manager fee they are otherwise eligible to receive. Pursuant to the dealer manager agreement, the Company also reimburses FS Investment Solutions or participating broker-dealers for bona fide due diligence expenses, provided that total organization and offering expenses shall not exceed 15% of the gross proceeds in the Company’s public offering.

No selling commissions or dealer manager fees are payable on the sale of Class D, Class M, Class I, Class F or Class Y shares or on shares of any class sold pursuant to the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan.

 

18


Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 6. Related Party Transactions (continued)

 

Subject to the limitations described below, the Company pays FS Investment Solutions stockholder servicing fees for ongoing services rendered to stockholders by participating broker-dealers or by broker-dealers servicing investors’ accounts, referred to as servicing broker-dealers:

 

   

with respect to the Company’s outstanding Class T shares equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of its outstanding T shares, consisting of an advisor stockholder servicing fee of 0.65% per annum and a dealer stockholder servicing fee of 0.20% per annum; however, with respect to Class T shares sold through certain participating broker-dealers, the advisor stockholder servicing fee and the dealer stockholder servicing fee may be other amounts, provided that the sum of such fees will always equal 0.85% per annum of the NAV of such shares;

 

   

with respect to the Company’s outstanding Class S shares equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of its outstanding Class S shares;

 

   

with respect to the Company’s outstanding Class D shares equal to 0.3% per annum of the aggregate NAV of its outstanding Class D shares; and

 

   

with respect to the Company’s outstanding Class M shares equal to 0.3% per annum of the aggregate NAV of its outstanding Class M shares.

The Company does not pay a stockholder servicing fee with respect to its Class I, Class F or Class Y shares. The dealer manager reallows some or all of the stockholder servicing fees to participating broker-dealers, servicing broker-dealers and financial institutions (including bank trust departments) for ongoing stockholder services performed by such broker-dealers, and waives (pays back to the Company) stockholder servicing fees to the extent a broker-dealer or financial institution is not eligible or otherwise declines to receive all or a portion of such fees.

The Company will cease paying stockholder servicing fees with respect to any Class D, Class M, Class S and Class T shares held in a stockholder’s account at the end of the month in which the total underwriting compensation from the upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees, as applicable, paid with respect to such account would exceed 1.25%, 7.25%, 8.75% and 8.75%, respectively (or a lower limit for shares sold by certain participating broker-dealers or financial institutions) of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares in such account. These amounts are referred to as the sales charge cap. At the end of such month that the sales charge cap is reached, each Class D, Class M, Class S or Class T share in such account will convert into a number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares) with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such share.

In addition, the Company will cease paying stockholder servicing fees on each Class D share, Class M share, Class S share and Class T share held in a stockholder’s account and each such share will convert to Class I shares on the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Class I shares on a national securities exchange; (ii) the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets or the Company’s merger or consolidation with or into another entity in a transaction in which holders of Class D, Class M, Class S or Class T shares receive cash and/or shares of stock that are listed on a national securities exchange; or (iii) the date following the completion of the Company’s public offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with the Company’s public offering, including selling commissions, dealer manager fees, stockholder servicing fees and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from its primary offering.

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 6. Related Party Transactions (continued)

 

The Company accrues future stockholder servicing fees in an amount equal to its best estimate of fees payable to FS Investment Solutions at the time such shares are sold. As of June 30, 2019, the Company accrued $2,014 of stockholder servicing fees payable to FS Investment Solutions. FS Investment Solutions has entered into agreements with selected dealers distributing the Company’s shares in the public offering, which provide, among other things, for the re-allowance of the full amount of the selling commissions and dealer manager fee and all or a portion of the stockholder servicing fees received by FS Investment Solutions to such selected dealers.

FS Investment Solutions also serves or served as the placement agent for the Company’s private offerings of Class F and Class Y shares pursuant to placement agreements. FS Investment Solutions does not receive any compensation pursuant to these agreements.

Expense Limitation

The Company has entered into an amended and restated expense limitation agreement with FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto, or the expense limitation agreement, pursuant to which FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto have agreed to waive reimbursement of or pay, on a quarterly basis, the Company’s annualized ordinary operating expenses for such quarter to the extent such expenses exceed 1.5% per annum of its average net assets attributable to each of its classes of common stock. The Company will repay FS Real Estate Advisor or Rialto on a quarterly basis any ordinary operating expenses previously waived or paid, but only if the reimbursement would not cause the then-current expense limitation, if any, to be exceeded. In addition, the reimbursement of expenses will be made only if payable not more than three years from the end of the fiscal quarter in which the expenses were paid or waived.

During the period from September 13, 2017 (Commencement of Operations) to June 30, 2019, the Company accrued $3,769 for reimbursement of expenses that FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto have agreed to pay, including $957 in reimbursements for the six months ended June 30, 2019. During the period from September 13, 2017 (Commencement of Operations) to June 30, 2019, the Company received $3,349 in cash reimbursements from FS Real Estate Advisor. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had $420 of reimbursements due from FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto.

Capital Contributions and Commitments

In December 2016, pursuant to a private placement, Michael C. Forman and David J. Adelman, principals of FS Investments, contributed an aggregate of $200 to purchase 8,000 Class F shares at the price of $25.00 per share. These individuals will not tender these shares of common stock for repurchase as long as FS Real Estate Advisor remains the Company’s adviser. FS Investments is controlled by Mr. Forman, the Company’s president and chief executive officer, and Mr. Adelman.

In addition, the Company is conducting a private placement of its Class F shares concurrent with the public offering, in which FS Investments and Rialto and certain of their respective directors, employees, partners, officers and affiliates, and other investors designated by FS Investments and Rialto collectively committed to purchase $50,000 of the Company’s Class F shares (the “Original Commitment”), of which approximately $49,025 has been purchased as of June 30, 2019. In addition to the Original Commitment, FS Investments and

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 6. Related Party Transactions (continued)

 

Rialto committed to purchase, or may cause or otherwise arrange for one or more of their respective directors, employees, partners, officers, affiliates, and other investors designated by FS Investments and/or Rialto to purchase or acquire, up to an additional $40,000 of the Company’s common stock, as notified by the Company that capital is required to fund additional investments (the “Additional Commitment”). The Additional Commitment by its terms is currently set to expire in September 2019. As of June 30, 2019, approximately $8,535 of the Additional Commitment has been purchased. Rialto’s former parent, Lennar Corporation (“Lennar”), through Rialto Investments, LLC (“RI”), a subsidiary retained by Lennar following the sale of Rialto to Stone Point Capital in November 2018, holds the Class F shares issued in connection with the Original Commitment. Lennar, through RI, has also agreed to maintain the commitment to fund any amounts remaining under the Original Commitment and, subject to being notified by the Company that capital is required to fund additional investments, the Additional Commitment. Pursuant to the Original Commitment, each of FS Investments and RI or their respective affiliates shall maintain an investment of at least $10,000 in the Company’s common stock until such date as the Company reaches $750,000 in net assets.

Note 7. Stockholders’ Equity

Below is a summary of transactions with respect to shares of the Company’s common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:

 

    For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019  
    Shares  
    Class F     Class Y     Class T     Class S     Class D     Class M     Class I     Total  

Balance as of December 31, 2018

    2,471,864       193,013       124,581       3,773       60,934       417,992       128,526       3,400,683  

Issuance of common stock

    —         —         368,378       —         45,203       407,899       548,806       1,370,286  

Reinvestment of distributions

    52,105       —         4,910       10       957       2,594       1,670       62,246  

Redemptions of common stock

    —         —         —         —         —         (4,968     —         (4,968
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of June 30, 2019

    2,523,969       193,013       497,869       3,783       107,094       823,517       679,002       4,828,247  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    Amount  
    Class F     Class Y     Class T     Class S     Class D     Class M     Class I     Total  

Balance as of December 31, 2018

  $ 61,269     $ 4,832     $ 2,987     $ 91     $ 1,507     $ 9,736     $ 3,167     $ 83,589  

Issuance of common stock

    —         —         9,250       —         1,136       10,282       13,543       34,211  

Reinvestment of distributions

    1,293       —         123       0       24       65       41       1,546  

Redemptions of common stock

    —         —         —         —         —         (125     —         (125

Accrued stockholder servicing fees(1)

    —         —         (413     (1     (14     (729     —         (1,157
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of June 30, 2019

  $ 62,562     $ 4,832     $ 11,947     $ 90     $ 2,653     $ 19,229     $ 16,751     $ 118,064  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

21


Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 7. Stockholders’ Equity (continued)

 

    For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018  
    Shares  
    Class F     Class Y     Class T     Class S     Class D     Class M     Class I     Total  

Balance as of December 31, 2017

    988,801       191,114       —         —         —         —         —         1,179,915  

Issuance of common stock

    948,245       —         5,224       400       4,706       17,582       52,677       1,028,834  

Reinvestment of distributions

    42,611       2,285       13       4       —         33       1       44,947  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of June 30, 2018

    1,979,657       193,399       5,237       404       4,706       17,615       52,678       2,253,696  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    Amount  
    Class F     Class Y     Class T     Class S     Class D     Class M     Class I     Total  

Balance as of December 31, 2017

  $ 24,741     $ 4,785     $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 29,526  

Issuance of common stock(2)

    23,325       —         130       10       118       440       1,300       25,323  

Reinvestment of distributions

    1,047       56       0       0       —         1       0       1,104  

Accrued stockholder servicing fees(1)

    —         —         (6     (1     (1     (32     —         (40
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of June 30, 2018

  $ 49,113     $ 4,841     $ 124     $ 9     $ 117     $ 409     $ 1,300     $ 55,913  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

Stockholder servicing fees only apply to Class T, Class S, Class D and Class M shares. Under GAAP, the Company accrues future stockholder servicing fees in an amount equal to its best estimate of fees payable to FS Investment Solutions at the time such shares are sold. For purposes of NAV, the Company recognizes the stockholder servicing fee as a reduction of NAV on a monthly basis. As a result, the estimated liability for the future stockholder servicing fees, which are accrued at the time each share is sold, will have no effect on the NAV of any class.

(2)

As of June 30, 2018, amount includes a $290 receivable for cash held at transfer agent for common stock purchased, which was received by the Company on July 2, 2018.

Status of Offerings

As of August 14, 2019, the Company has issued 5,359,132 shares of common stock (consisting of 2,533,353 shares of Class F common stock, 193,013 shares of Class Y common stock, 644,626 shares of Class T common stock, 3,785 shares of Class S common stock, 170,703 shares of Class D common stock, 978,571 shares of Class M common stock and 835,081 shares of Class I common stock), including shares issued pursuant to its distribution reinvestment plan, for gross proceeds of $133,964.

Share Repurchase Plan

The Company has adopted an amended and restated share repurchase plan, or share repurchase plan, whereby on a monthly basis, stockholders may request that the Company repurchase all or any portion of their shares. Class F shares and Class Y shares are not eligible to participate in the Company’s share repurchase plan until September 2019. The repurchase of shares is limited to no more than 2% of the Company’s aggregate NAV per month of all classes of shares then participating in the share repurchase plan and no more than 5% of the Company’s aggregate NAV per calendar quarter of all classes of shares then participating in the share repurchase plan, which means that in any 12-month period, the Company limits repurchases to approximately 20% of the total NAV of all classes of shares then participating in the share repurchase plan. The Company’s board of directors may modify, suspend or terminate the share repurchase plan if it deems such action to be in the

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 7. Stockholders’ Equity (continued)

 

Company’s best interest and the best interest of its stockholders. During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company repurchased 4,968 and 0, respectively, shares of common stock representing a total of $125 and $0, respectively. The Company had no unfulfilled repurchase requests during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

Distribution Reinvestment Plan

Pursuant to the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan, holders of shares of any class of the Company’s common stock may elect to have their cash distributions reinvested in additional shares of the Company’s common stock. The purchase price for shares pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan will be equal to the transaction price for such shares at the time the distribution is payable.

Distributions

The Company generally intends to distribute substantially all of its taxable income, which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP, to its stockholders each year to comply with the REIT provisions of the Code. All distributions will be made at the discretion of the Company’s board of directors and will depend upon its taxable income, financial condition, maintenance of REIT status, applicable law, and other factors as the Company’s board of directors deems relevant.

The following table reflects the cash distributions per share that the Company paid on its common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2019:

 

Record Date

   Class F      Class Y      Class T      Class S      Class D      Class M      Class I  

January 30, 2019

   $ 0.1510      $ 0.1510      $ 0.1073      $ 0.1073      $ 0.1188      $ 0.1188      $ 0.1250  

February 27, 2019

     0.1510        0.1510        0.1073        0.1073        0.1188        0.1188        0.1250  

March 28, 2019

     0.1510        0.1510        0.1073        0.1073        0.1188        0.1188        0.1250  

April 29, 2019

     0.1510        0.1510        0.1073        0.1073        0.1188        0.1188        0.1250  

May 30, 2019

     0.1510        0.1510        0.1073        0.1073        0.1188        0.1188        0.1250  

June 29, 2019(1)

     0.1560        0.1560        0.1123        0.1123        0.1238        0.1238        0.1300  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 0.9110      $ 0.9110      $ 0.6488      $ 0.6488      $ 0.7178      $ 0.7178      $ 0.7550  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)

Distribution was paid on July 2, 2019.

 

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Table of Contents

FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 7. Stockholders’ Equity (continued)

 

The following table reflects the cash distributions that the Company has paid on its common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

 

     Three Months Ended
June 30,
     Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
         2019              2018            2019          2018    

Distributions:

           

Paid or payable in cash

   $ 1,087      $ 203      $ 1,948      $ 333  

Reinvested in shares

     806        652        1,546        1,104  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total distributions

   $ 1,893      $ 855      $ 3,494      $ 1,437  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Source of distributions:

           

Cash flows from operating activities

   $ 1,087      $ 203      $ 1,948      $ 333  

Reinvested via the distribution reinvestment plan

     806        652        1,546        1,104  

Offering proceeds

     —          —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total sources of distributions

   $ 1,893      $ 855      $ 3,494      $ 1,437  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities(1)

   $ 3,094      $ 954      $ 5,592      $ 1,553  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)

Cash flows from operating activities are supported by expense support payments from FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto pursuant to the Company’s expense limitation agreement. See Note 6 for additional information regarding the Company’s expense limitation agreement.

The Company currently declares and pays regular cash distributions on a monthly basis. On July 25, 2019, the Company’s board of directors declared regular monthly cash distributions for July through December 2019 for each class of its outstanding common stock in the net distribution amounts per share set forth below:

 

Class F    Class Y    Class T    Class S    Class D    Class M    Class I
$0.1610    $0.1610    $0.1173    $0.1173    $0.1288    $0.1288    $0.1350

The distributions for each class of outstanding common stock have been or will be paid monthly to stockholders of record as of the monthly record dates previously determined by the Company’s board of directors. These distributions have been or will be paid in cash or reinvested in shares of the Company’s common stock for stockholders participating in the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan.

Note 8. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the Company’s financial instruments carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets by its level in the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

 

     June 30, 2019 (Unaudited)      December 31, 2018  
     Total      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Mortgage-backed securities

   $ 1,900        —        $ 1,900        —        $ 1,987        —        $ 1,987        —    

As discussed in Note 2, GAAP requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the statement of financial position, for which it is practicable to estimate that value.

 

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FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

Note 8. Fair Value of Financial Instruments (continued)

 

The following table details the carrying amount, face amount, and fair value of the financial instruments described in Note 2:

 

    June 30, 2019 (Unaudited)     December 31, 2018  
    Book
Value
    Face
Amount
    Fair Value     Book
Value
    Face
Amount
    Fair Value  

Financial Assets

           

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

  $ 3,200     $ 3,200     $ 3,200     $ 2,608     $ 2,608     $ 2,608  

Loans receivable(1)

  $ 312,646     $ 312,177     $ 312,292     $ 239,207     $ 238,979     $ 239,342  

Financial Liabilities

           

Repurchase obligations(2)

  $ 194,728     $ 195,255     $ 195,255     $ 158,248     $ 159,126     $ 159,126  

 

(1)

Book value of loans receivable represents the face amount, net of unamortized loan fees and costs and accrual of exit fees, as applicable.

(2)

Book value of repurchase obligations represents the face amount, net of deferred financing costs.

Estimates of fair value for cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are measured using observable, quoted market prices, or Level 1 inputs. Estimates of fair value for loans receivable and repurchase obligations are measured using unobservable inputs, or Level 3 inputs.

Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company enters into contracts that contain a variety of indemnification provisions. The Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown; however, the Company has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts. Management of FS Real Estate Advisor has reviewed the Company’s existing contracts and expects the risk of loss to the Company to be remote.

The Company is not currently subject to any material legal proceedings and, to the Company’s knowledge, no material legal proceedings are threatened against the Company. From time to time, the Company may be party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of any legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company does not expect that any such proceedings will have a material effect upon its financial condition or results of operations.

See Note 6 for a discussion of the Company’s commitments to FS Real Estate Advisor and its affiliates (including FS Investments) for the reimbursement of organization and offering costs funded by FS Investments once gross proceeds from the Company’s public offering exceed $250,000.

 

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Table of Contents
Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (in thousands, except share and per share amounts).

The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In this report, “we,” “us” and “our” refer to FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), regarding, among other things, our business, including, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and objectives. You can generally identify forward-looking statements by our use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue” or other similar words. These statements include our plans and objectives for future operations, including plans and objectives relating to future growth and availability of funds, and are based on current expectations that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to these statements involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to accurately predict and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements, and the forward-looking statements themselves, are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate and, therefore, there can be no assurance that these forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate and our actual results, performance and achievements may be materially different from that expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in these forward-looking statements, the inclusion of this information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans, which we consider to be reasonable, will be achieved. We undertake no duty to update or revise forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

Introduction

We were incorporated under the general corporation laws of the State of Maryland on November 7, 2016 and formally commenced investment operations on September 13, 2017. We are currently conducting an initial public offering of up to $2,750,000 of our Class T, Class S, Class D, Class M and Class I shares of common stock pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-11 filed with the SEC consisting of up to $2,500,000 in shares in our primary offering and up to $250,000 in shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. We are also conducting a private offering of shares of our Class F common stock and previously conducted a private offering of shares of our Class Y common stock. We are managed by FS Real Estate Advisor pursuant to an advisory agreement between us and FS Real Estate Advisor. FS Real Estate Advisor is a subsidiary of our sponsor, FS Investments, a national sponsor of alternative investment funds designed for the individual investor. FS Real Estate Advisor has engaged Rialto to act as its sub-adviser.

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2017. We intend to be an investment vehicle of indefinite duration focused on real estate debt investments and other real estate-related assets, the shares of common stock are generally intended to be sold and repurchased by us on a continuous basis. We intend to conduct our operations so that we are not required to register under the 1940 Act.

Our primary investment objectives are to: provide current income in the form of regular, stable cash distributions to achieve an attractive dividend yield; preserve and protect invested capital; realize appreciation in NAV from proactive management and asset management; and provide an investment alternative for stockholders seeking to allocate a portion of their long-term investment portfolios to commercial real estate debt with lower volatility than public real estate companies.

 

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Our investment strategy is to originate, acquire and manage a portfolio of senior loans secured by commercial real estate primarily in the United States. We are focused on senior floating-rate mortgage loans, but we may also invest in other real estate-related assets, including: (i) other commercial real estate mortgage loans, including fixed-rate loans, subordinated loans, B-Notes, mezzanine loans and participations in commercial mortgage loans; and (ii) commercial real estate securities, including CMBSs, RMBSs, unsecured debt of listed and non-listed REITs, collateralized debt obligations and equity or equity-linked securities. To a lesser extent we may invest in warehouse loans secured by commercial or residential mortgages, credit loans to commercial real estate companies and portfolios of single-family home mortgages.

Portfolio Overview

The following table details activity in our loans receivable portfolio for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019:

 

     Three Months Ended
June 30, 2019
     Six Months Ended
June 30, 2019
 

Loan fundings(1)

   $ 67,098      $ 82,672  

Loan repayments

     —          (9,500
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total net fundings

   $ 67,098      $ 73,172  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)

Includes new loan originations and additional fundings made under existing loans.

The following table details overall statistics for our loans receivable portfolio as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

 

    June 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
    December 31,
2018
 

Number of loans

    19       17  

Principal balance

  $ 312,177     $ 238,979  

Net book value

  $ 312,646     $ 239,207  

Unfunded loan commitments(1)

  $ 45,946     $ 38,324  

Weighted-average cash coupon(2)

    6.77     7.28

Weighted-average all-in yield(2)

    6.95     7.48

Weighted-average maximum maturity (years)(3)

    3.7       3.6  

 

(1)

We may be required to provide funding when requested by the borrower in accordance with the terms of the underlying agreements.

(2)

Our floating-rate loans were indexed to LIBOR. In addition to cash coupon, all-in yield includes accretion of discount (amortization of premium) and accrual of exit fees.

(3)

Maximum maturity assumes all extension options are exercised by the borrower, however loans may be repaid prior to such date.

 

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The following table provides details of our loan receivable portfolio, on a loan-by-loan basis, as of June 30, 2019:

 

     

Loan Type

  Origination
Date(1)
    Total
Loan
    Principal
Balance
    Net Book
Value
    Cash
Coupon(2)
  All-in
Yield(2)
  Maximum
Maturity(3)
   

Location

 

Property
Type

  LTV(1)  
  1     Senior Loan     9/14/2017     $ 34,310     $ 29,250     $ 29,399     L+4.25%   L+4.49%     10/9/2022     Memphis, TN   Office     73
  2     Senior Loan     12/6/2017       18,660       14,067       14,110     L+4.85%   L+5.03%     12/9/2022     Landover, MD   Office     67
  3     Senior Loan     2/22/2018       13,400       12,633       12,659     L+4.00%   L+4.17%     3/9/2023     Las Vegas, NV   Multifamily     75
  4     Senior Loan     2/28/2018       5,186       5,186       5,194     L+4.63%   L+4.82%     3/9/2021     Newport Beach, CA   Office     80
  5     Senior Loan     3/7/2018       12,050       12,050       12,104     L+4.50%   L+4.90%     3/7/2022     Las Vegas, NV   Hospitality     71
  6     Senior Loan     4/5/2018       21,000       14,298       14,359     L+4.25%   L+4.51%     4/9/2023     Austin, TX   Office     57
  7     Senior Loan     4/20/2018       30,000       30,000       29,994     L+3.75%   L+3.76%     5/9/2021     New York, NY   Office     54
  8     Senior Loan     5/2/2018       19,800       19,800       19,833     L+4.65%   L+4.83%     5/1/2023     East Orange, NJ   Multifamily     77
  9     Senior Loan     6/11/2018       12,000       12,000       12,014     L+4.00%   L+4.19%     6/9/2023     Miami, FL   Retail     65
  10     Senior Loan     6/11/2018       6,750       6,750       6,758     L+4.25%   L+4.43%     6/9/2023     Miami, FL   Retail     61
  11     Senior Loan     6/11/2018       11,000       11,000       11,012     L+4.50%   L+4.69%     6/9/2023     Miami, FL   Retail     78
  12     Senior Loan     6/29/2018       15,997       9,561       9,576     L+4.25%   L+4.45%     7/9/2023     Jacksonville, FL   Multifamily     68
  13     Senior Loan     7/18/2018       22,650       12,221       12,245     L+5.25%   L+5.44%     8/9/2023     Gaithersburg, MD   Hospitality     80
  14     Senior Loan     7/26/2018       15,100       12,661       12,675     L+4.25%   L+4.44%     8/9/2023     Fayetteville, NC   Industrial     72
  15     Senior Loan     11/9/2018       12,400       12,400       12,413     L+3.80%   L+4.08%     11/9/2022     Seattle, WA   Multifamily     76
  16     Senior Loan     12/19/2018       17,500       17,500       17,511     L+5.50%   L+5.78%     1/9/2022     New York, NY   Multifamily     73
  17     Senior Loan     2/19/2019       23,820       14,300       14,309     L+3.95%   L+4.13%     3/9/2024     Bordentown, NJ   Industrial     61
  18     Senior Loan     4/9/2019       38,000       38,000       37,990     L+3.75%   L+3.76%     4/9/2024     New York, NY   Mixed Use     75
  19     Senior Loan     6/28/2019       28,500       28,500       28,491     L+5.35%   L+5.53%     7/9/2024     Davis, CA   Hospitality     72
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

             
      $ 358,123     $ 312,177     $ 312,646              
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

             

 

(1)

Date loan was originated or acquired by us, and the LTV as of such date. Dates are not updated for subsequent loan modifications or upsizes.

(2)

Our floating-rate loans were indexed to LIBOR, or “L”. In addition to cash coupon, all-in yield includes accretion of discount (amortization of premium) and accrual of exit fees

(3)

Maximum maturity assumes all extension options are exercised by the borrower, however loans may be repaid prior to such date.

Subsequent Activity

During the period from July 1, 2019 through the date the unaudited consolidated financial statements were issued, we closed on three senior floating-rate mortgage loan of which $52,550 was funded at closing. We funded the purchase of the loan with cash on hand, proceeds from our public and private offerings and $38,488 in proceeds from our financing facilities.

 

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth information regarding our consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

 

     Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2019     2018     2019     2018  

Net interest income

        

Interest income

   $ 4,983     $ 2,203     $ 9,541     $ 3,168  

Less: Interest expense

     (2,366     (1,302     (4,514     (1,850
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income

     2,617       901       5,027       1,318  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other expenses

        

Management and performance fees

     141       4       273       4  

General and administrative expenses

     872       722       1,764       1,193  

Less: Expense limitation

     (420     (561     (957     (917
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net other expenses

     593       165       1,080       280  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 2,024     $ 736     $ 3,947     $ 1,038  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is generated on our interest-earning assets less related interest-bearing liabilities. The increase in interest income was attributable to an increase in the number of performing loans in our portfolio over the last twelve months. The increase in interest expense was attributable to an increase in borrowings in order to support our investment activities.

Expenses

General and administrative expenses include auditing and professional fees, independent director fees, transfer agent fees, loan servicing expenses and other costs associated with operating our business.

Expense Limitation

We have entered into an expense limitation agreement with FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto pursuant to which FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto have agreed to waive reimbursement of or pay, on a quarterly basis, our annualized ordinary operating expenses for such quarter to the extent such expenses exceed 1.5% per annum of our average net assets attributable to each of our classes of common stock. Ordinary operating expenses for each class of common stock consist of all ordinary expenses attributable to such class, including administration fees, transfer agent fees, fees paid to our board of directors, loan servicing expenses, administrative services expenses, and related costs associated with legal, regulatory compliance and investor relations, but excluding the following: (a) advisory fees, (b) interest expense and other financing costs, (c) taxes, (d) distribution or shareholder servicing fees and (e) unusual, unexpected and/or nonrecurring expenses. We will repay FS Real Estate Advisor or Rialto on a quarterly basis any ordinary operating expenses previously waived or paid, but only if the reimbursement would not cause the then-current expense limitation, if any, to be exceeded. In addition, the reimbursement of expenses will be made only if payable not more than three years from the end of the fiscal quarter in which the expenses were paid or waived.

During the period from September 13, 2017 (Commencement of Operations) to June 30, 2019, we accrued $3,769 for reimbursement of expenses that FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto have agreed to pay, including $957 in reimbursements for the six months ended June 30, 2019. During the period from September 13, 2017 (Commencement of Operations) to June 30, 2019, we received $3,349 in cash reimbursements from FS Real Estate Advisor. As of June 30, 2019, we had $420 of reimbursements due from FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto.

 

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Table of Contents

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Funds from Operations and Modified Funds from Operations

We use Funds from Operations (“FFO”), a widely accepted non-GAAP financial metric, to evaluate our performance. FFO provides a supplemental measure to compare our performance and operations to other REITs. Due to certain unique operating characteristics of real estate companies, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) has promulgated a standard known as FFO, which it believes more accurately reflects the operating performance of a REIT. As defined by NAREIT, FFO means net income computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains (or losses) from sales of operating property, plus depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated entities. In addition, NAREIT has further clarified the FFO definition to add-back impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate or of investments in unconsolidated entities that are driven by measurable decreases in the fair value of depreciable real estate and to exclude the earnings impacts of cumulative effects of accounting changes. We have adopted the NAREIT definition for computing FFO.

Our business plan is to operate as a mortgage REIT with our portfolio consisting of senior floating-rate mortgage loans, including those that are secured by a first priority mortgage on transitional commercial real estate properties. We will typically have no FFO adjustments to our net income or loss computed in accordance with GAAP. Although we have the ability to acquire real property, we have not acquired any at this time and as such have not had any FFO adjustments to our net income or loss computed in accordance with GAAP.

Due to the unique features of publicly registered, non-listed REITs, the Institute for Portfolio Alternatives (“IPA”), an industry trade group, published a standardized non-GAAP financial measure known as Modified Funds from Operations (“MFFO”), which the IPA has promulgated as a supplemental measure for publicly registered non-listed REITs and which may be another appropriate supplemental measure to reflect the operating performance of a non-listed REIT.

The IPA defines MFFO as FFO adjusted for acquisition fees and expenses, amounts relating to straight line rents and amortization of premiums on debt investments, non-recurring impairments of real estate-related investments, mark-to-market adjustments included in net income, non-recurring gains or losses included in net income from the extinguishment or sale of debt, hedges, foreign exchange, derivatives or securities holdings where trading of such holdings is not a fundamental attribute of the business plan, unrealized gains or losses resulting from consolidation from, or deconsolidation to, equity accounting, and after adjustments for consolidated and unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.

Because MFFO may be a recognized measure of operating performance within the non-listed REIT industry, MFFO and the adjustments used to calculate it may be useful in order to evaluate our performance against other non-listed REITs. Like FFO, MFFO is not equivalent to our net income or loss as determined under GAAP, as detailed in the table below, and MFFO may not be a useful measure of the impact of long-term operating performance on value if we continue to acquire a significant amount of investments.

Our presentation of FFO and MFFO may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures presented by other REITs. We believe that the use of FFO and MFFO provides a more complete understanding of our operating performance to stockholders and to management, and when compared year over year, reflects the impact on our operations from trends in operating costs, general and administrative expenses, and interest costs. Neither FFO nor MFFO is intended to be an alternative to “net income” or to “cash flows from operating activities” as determined by GAAP as a measure of our capacity to pay distributions. Management uses FFO and MFFO to compare our operating performance to that of other REITs and to assess our operating performance.

Neither the SEC, any other regulatory body nor NAREIT has passed judgment on the acceptability of the adjustments that we use to calculate FFO or MFFO. In the future, the SEC, another regulatory body or NAREIT may decide to standardize the allowable adjustments across the non-listed REIT industry and we would have to adjust our calculation and characterization of FFO or MFFO.

 

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We did not have any FFO or MFFO adjustments to net income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

 

     Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2019      2018  

Net income (GAAP)

   $ 3,947      $ 1,038  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Funds from operations

   $ 3,947      $ 1,038  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Modified funds from operations

   $ 3,947      $ 1,038  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

NAV per Share

FS Real Estate Advisor calculates our NAV per share in accordance with the valuation guidelines approved by our board of directors for the purposes of establishing a price for shares sold in our public offering as well as establishing a repurchase price for shares repurchased pursuant to our share repurchase plan.

The following table provides a breakdown of the major components of our total NAV as of June 30, 2019:

 

Components of NAV

   June 30, 2019  

Loans receivable

   $ 312,646  

Mortgage-backed securities

     1,900  

Other assets

     5,044  

Repurchase agreements payable

     (195,255

Other liabilities

     (3,957
  

 

 

 

Net asset value

   $ 120,378  
  

 

 

 

The following table provides a breakdown of our total NAV and NAV per share by share class as of June 30, 2019:

 

NAV per Share

  Class F     Class Y     Class T     Class S     Class D     Class M     Class I     Total  

Net asset value

  $ 62,724     $ 4,773     $ 12,528     $ 96     $ 2,697     $ 20,796     $ 16,764     $ 120,378  

Number of outstanding shares

    2,523,969       193,013       497,869       3,783       107,094       823,517       679,002       4,828,247  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

NAV per share as of June 30, 2019

  $ 24.8513     $ 24.7259     $ 25.1637     $ 25.3686     $ 25.1842     $ 25.2528     $ 24.6897    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our stockholders’ equity to our NAV as of June 30, 2019.

 

     June 30,
2019
 

Total stockholders’ equity under GAAP

   $ 118,378  

Adjustments:

  

Accrued stockholder servicing fees(1)

     2,000  
  

 

 

 

Net asset value

   $ 120,378  
  

 

 

 

 

(1)

Stockholder servicing fees only apply to Class T, Class S, Class D and Class M shares. Under GAAP, we accrue future stockholder servicing fees in an amount equal to our best estimate of fees payable to FS Investment Solutions at the time such shares are sold. For purposes of NAV, we recognize the stockholder servicing fee as a reduction of NAV on a monthly basis. As a result, the estimated liability for the future stockholder servicing fees, which are accrued at the time each share is sold, will have no effect on the NAV of any class.

 

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Limits on the Calculation of Our Per Share NAV

Although our primary goal in establishing our valuation guidelines is to produce a valuation that represents a fair and accurate estimate of the value of our investments, the methodologies used are based on judgments, assumptions and opinions about future events that may or may not prove to be correct, and if different judgments, assumptions or opinions were used, a different estimate would likely result. Furthermore, our published per share NAV may not fully reflect certain extraordinary events because we may not be able to immediately quantify the financial impact of such events on our portfolio. FS Real Estate Advisor monitors our portfolio between valuations to determine whether there have been any extraordinary events that may have materially changed the estimated market value of the portfolio. If required by applicable securities law, we will promptly disclose the occurrence of such event in a prospectus supplement and FS Real Estate Advisor will analyze the impact of such extraordinary event on our portfolio and determine, in coordination with third-party valuation services, the appropriate adjustment to be made to our NAV. We will not, however, retroactively adjust NAV. To the extent that the extraordinary events may result in a material change in value of a specific investment, FS Real Estate Advisor will order a new valuation of the investment, which will be prepared by a third-party valuation service. It is not known whether any resulting disparity will benefit stockholders whose shares are or are not being repurchased or purchasers of our common stock.

We include no discounts to our NAV for the illiquid nature of our shares, including the limitations on the ability to sell shares under our share repurchase plan and our ability to suspend or terminate our share repurchase plan at any time. Our NAV generally does not consider exit costs that would likely be incurred if our assets and liabilities were liquidated or sold. While we may use market pricing concepts to value individual components of our NAV, our per share NAV is not derived from the market pricing information of open-end real estate funds listed on stock exchanges.

We do not represent, warranty or guarantee that:

 

   

a stockholder would be able to realize the NAV per share for the class of shares a stockholder owns if the stockholder attempts to sell its shares;

 

   

a stockholder would ultimately realize distributions per share equal to per share NAV upon a liquidation of our assets and settlement of our liabilities or upon any other liquidity event;

 

   

shares of our common stock would trade at per share NAV on a national securities exchange;

 

   

a third party in an arm’s-length transaction would offer to purchase all or substantially all of our shares of common stock at NAV;

 

   

NAV would equate to a market price for an open-end real estate fund; and

 

   

NAV would represent the fair value of our assets less liabilities under GAAP.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2019, we had $885 in cash and cash equivalents, which we and our wholly owned subsidiaries held in custodial accounts. In addition, as of June 30, 2019, we had $54,745 in borrowings available under our financing arrangements, subject to certain limitations. As of June 30, 2019, we had unfunded loan commitments of $45,946. We maintain sufficient cash on hand, available borrowings and undrawn capital commitments to fund such unfunded commitments should the need arise.

We will obtain the funds required to purchase or originate investments and conduct our operations from the net proceeds of our public offering, the private placement of our Class F Shares, which are not eligible to participate in our share repurchase plan until September 2019, and any future offerings we may conduct, from secured and unsecured borrowings from banks and other lenders, and from any undistributed funds from operations. Our principal demands for funds will be for asset acquisitions/originations, the payment of operating

 

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expenses and distributions, the payment of interest on any outstanding indebtedness and repurchases of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase plan. Generally, cash needs for items other than asset acquisitions/originations will be met from operations, and cash needs for asset acquisitions/originations will be funded by public offerings of our shares and debt financings. However, there may be a delay between the sale of our shares and our purchase/originations of assets, which could result in a delay in the benefits to our stockholders of returns generated from our investment operations. Our leverage may not exceed 300% of our total net assets (as defined in our charter).

If we are unable to raise substantial funds in our initial public offering, we will make fewer investments resulting in less diversification in terms of the type, number and size of investments we make and the value of an investment in us will fluctuate with the performance of the specific assets we acquire. Further, we will have certain fixed operating expenses, including certain expenses as a publicly offered REIT, regardless of whether we are able to raise substantial funds in our initial public offering. Our inability to raise substantial funds would increase our fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross income, reducing our net income and limiting our ability to make distributions.

Potential future sources of capital include proceeds from secured or unsecured financings from banks or other lenders or proceeds from the sale of assets or collection of loans receivable.

In addition to making investments in accordance with our investment objectives, we expect to use our capital resources to make certain payments to FS Real Estate Advisor and FS Investment Solutions, the dealer manager for our public offering. During the offering stage of our public offering, these payments will include payments to FS Real Estate Advisor and its affiliates for reimbursement of certain organization and offering expenses. We will reimburse FS Real Estate Advisor for the organization and offering costs it or Rialto incurs on our behalf only to the extent that the reimbursement would not cause the selling commissions, dealer manager fees, accountable due diligence expenses, stockholder servicing fees and the other organization and offering expenses borne by us to exceed 15.0% of the gross offering proceeds from the primary offering as the amount of proceeds increases. FS Real Estate Advisor has agreed to advance all of our organization and offering expenses on our behalf until we have raised $250,000 of gross proceeds in our public offering. From and after the date we have raised $250,000 in gross proceeds in our public offering, we will reimburse FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto for any organization and offering expenses that FS Real Estate Advisor or Rialto has incurred and advanced, on our behalf, up to a cap of 0.75% of the gross offering proceeds of our public offering in excess of $250,000.

During our acquisition and development stage, subject to the limitations in the advisory agreement and sub-advisory agreement, we expect to make payments to FS Real Estate Advisor in connection with the management of our assets and costs incurred by FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto in providing services to us. The advisory agreement has a one-year term but may be renewed for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods upon the mutual consent of FS Real Estate Advisor and our board of directors. For a discussion of the compensation to be paid to FS Real Estate Advisor and FS Investment Solutions, see Note 6 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Critical accounting policies are those that require the application of management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often because of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and that may change in subsequent periods. In preparing the financial statements, management also will utilize available information, including our past history, industry standards and the current economic environment, among other factors, in forming its estimates and judgments, giving due

 

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consideration to materiality. Actual results may differ from these estimates. In addition, other companies may utilize different estimates, which may impact the comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses. As we execute our expected operating plans, we will describe additional critical accounting policies in the notes to our financial statements in addition to those discussed below.

Loans Receivable and Provision for Loan Losses: We originate and purchase commercial real estate debt and related instruments generally to be held as long-term investments at amortized cost. We are required to periodically evaluate each of these loans for possible impairment. Impairment is indicated when it is deemed probable that we will not be able to collect all amounts due to us pursuant to the contractual terms of the loan. If a loan is determined to be impaired, we write down the loan through a charge to the provision for loan losses. Impairment of these loans, which are collateral dependent, is measured by comparing the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, less costs to sell, to the book value of the respective loan. These valuations require significant judgments, which include assumptions regarding capitalization rates, leasing, creditworthiness of major tenants, occupancy rates, availability of financing, exit plan, loan sponsorship, actions of other lenders, and other factors deemed necessary by FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto. Actual losses, if any, could ultimately differ from these estimates. FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto perform a quarterly review of our portfolio of loans.

In connection with this review, FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto assess the risk factors of each loan and assign a risk rating based on a variety of factors, including, without limitation, LTV, debt yield, property type, geographic and local market dynamics, physical condition, cash flow volatility, leasing and tenant profile, loan structure and exit plan, and project sponsorship. Based on a 5-point scale, our loans are rated “1” through “5”, from less risk to greater risk, which ratings are defined as follows:

 

Loan Risk
Rating
  

Summary Description

1    Very Low Risk
2    Low Risk
3    Medium Risk
4    High Risk/Potential for Loss: A loan that has a risk of realizing a principal loss
5    Impaired/Loss Likely: A loan that has a very high risk of realizing a principal loss or has otherwise incurred a principal loss

Revenue Recognition: Security transactions are accounted for on the trade date. We record interest income on an accrual basis to the extent that we expect to collect such amounts. We record dividend income on the ex-dividend date. We do not accrue as a receivable interest or dividends on loans and securities if there is reason to doubt the collectability of such income. Any loan origination fees, original issue discount, market discount and exit fees are capitalized and such amounts are amortized as interest income over the respective term of the investment. Upon the prepayment of a loan or security, any unamortized loan origination fees to which we are entitled are recorded as fee income. We will record prepayment premiums on loans and securities as fee income when we receive such amounts.

See Note 2 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein for additional information regarding our significant accounting policies.

Contractual Obligations

We have entered into an advisory agreement with FS Real Estate Advisor to provide us with advisory and administrative services. Pursuant to the advisory agreement, FS Real Estate Advisor receives payments for performing advisory services for us consisting of (a) an annual base management fee of 1.25% of our NAV for our Class T, Class S, Class D, Class M and Class I shares and (b) a performance fee equal to 10.0% of our Core Earnings, subject to a hurdle rate, expressed as a rate of return on average adjusted capital, equal to 1.625% per

 

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quarter, or an annualized hurdle rate of 6.5%. For purposes of calculating the performance fee, “Core Earnings” means: the net income (loss) attributable to stockholders of Class T, Class S, Class D, Class M, Class I and Class Y shares computed in accordance with GAAP, including realized gains (losses) not otherwise included in GAAP (provided that net income (loss) attributable to Class Y stockholders shall be subject to certain reductions) net income (loss) and excluding (i) non-cash equity compensation expense, (ii) the performance fee, (iii) depreciation and amortization, (iv) any unrealized gains or losses or other similar non-cash items that are included in net income for the applicable reporting period, regardless of whether such items are included in other comprehensive income or loss, or in net income, and (v) one-time events pursuant to changes in GAAP and certain material non-cash income or expense items, in each case after discussions between FS Real Estate Advisor and our independent directors and approved by a majority of our independent directors. The base management fee and the performance fee are class-specific expenses. No base management fee will be paid on our Class F or Class Y shares and no performance fee will be paid on our Class F shares.

Pursuant to the advisory agreement, FS Real Estate Advisor oversees our day-to-day operations, including providing us with general ledger accounting, fund accounting, legal services, investor relations and other administrative services. We have agreed to reimburse FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto for administrative expenses incurred on our behalf, subject to limitations set forth in our charter and the advisory agreement. See Note 6 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein for additional information.

A summary of our significant contractual payment obligations related to the repayment of our outstanding indebtedness at June 30, 2019 is as follows:

 

     Payments Due By Period  
     Total      Less than
1 year
     1-3 years      3-5 years      More than
5 years
 

WF-1 Facility(1)

   $ 67,434      $ 67,434        —          —          —    

GS-1 Facility(2)

   $ 127,821      $ 127,821        —          —          —    

 

(1)

At June 30, 2019, $7,566 remained unused under the WF-1 Facility. As more fully disclosed in Note 5 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements, these obligations are subject to existing extension options for one or more additional one-year periods.

(2)

At June 30, 2019, $47,179 remained unused under the GS-1 Facility. As more fully disclosed in Note 5 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements, these obligations are subject to existing extension options for one or more additional one-year periods.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We currently have no off-balance sheet arrangements, including any risk management of commodity pricing or other hedging practices.

Related Party Transactions

Compensation of FS Real Estate Advisor and the Dealer Manager

Pursuant to the advisory agreement, FS Real Estate Advisor is entitled to an annual base management fee equal to 1.25% of the NAV for our Class T, Class S, Class D, Class M and Class I shares and a performance fee based on our performance. We also reimburse FS Real Estate Advisor and Rialto for expenses necessary to perform services related to our administration and operations, including FS Real Estate Advisor’s allocable portion of the compensation and related expenses of certain personnel of FS Investments providing administrative services to us on behalf of FS Real Estate Advisor. Pursuant to the advisory agreement, we will reimburse FS Real Estate Advisor and its affiliates for expenses necessary to perform services related to our organization and continuous public offering; however FS Real Estate Advisor has agreed to advance all of our organization and offering expenses until we have raised $250,000 of gross proceeds from our public offering.

 

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The dealer manager for our continuous public offering is FS Investment Solutions, which is an affiliate of FS Real Estate Advisor. Under the dealer manager agreement, FS Investment Solutions is entitled to receive upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees in connection with the sale of shares of common stock in our continuous public offering. FS Investment Solutions anticipates that all of the selling commissions and dealer manager fees will be reallowed to participating broker-dealers, unless a particular broker-dealer declines to accept some portion of the dealer manager fee they are otherwise eligible to receive. FS Investment Solutions is also entitled to receive stockholder servicing fees, which accrue daily and are paid on a monthly basis. FS Investment Solutions will reallow such stockholder servicing fees to participating broker-dealers, servicing broker-dealers and financial institutions (including bank trust departments) and will waive (pay back to us) stockholder servicing fees to the extent a broker-dealer or financial institution is not eligible or otherwise declines to receive all or a portion of such fees.

See Note 6 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein for additional information regarding our related party transactions and relationships, including a description of the fees and amounts due to FS Real Estate Advisor, compensation of FS Investment Solutions, capital contributions by FS Investments and Rialto, our expense limitation agreement with FS Investments and our purchase of a mortgage loan from an affiliate of Rialto.

FS Investment Solutions also serves or served as the placement agent for our private offerings of Class F and Class Y shares pursuant to placement agreements. FS Investment Solutions does not receive any compensation pursuant to these agreements.

 

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. As of June 30, 2019, 100% of the outstanding principal of our debt investments were floating rate investments. A rise in the general level of interest rates can be expected to lead to higher interest rates applicable to any variable rate investments we may hold and to declines in the value of any fixed rate investments we may hold. To the extent that a substantial portion of our investments may be in variable rate investments, an increase in interest rates could make it easier for us to meet or exceed our performance fee hurdle rate and may result in a substantial increase to the amount of performance fees payable to FS Real Estate Advisor.

Pursuant to the terms of the WF-1 Facility and the GS-1 Facility, borrowings are at a floating-rate based on LIBOR. To the extent that any present or future credit facilities or other financing arrangements that we or any of our subsidiaries enter into are based on a floating interest rate, we will be subject to risks relating to changes in market interest rates. In periods of rising interest rates, when we have debt outstanding, our cost of funds would increase, which could reduce our net investment income, especially to the extent we hold fixed rate investments.

We may seek to limit the impact of rising interest rates on earnings and cash flows through the use of derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates on loans secured by our assets.

 

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The following table shows the effect over a twelve-month period of changes in interest rates on our interest income, interest expense, and net interest income, assuming no changes in the composition of our investment portfolio, including the accrual status of our investments, and our financing arrangements in effect as of June 30, 2019:

 

Basis Point Changes in Interest Rates

  Increase
(Decrease)
in Interest
Income
     Increase
(Decrease)
in Interest
Expense
     Increase
(Decrease)
in Net
Interest
Income
     Percentage
Change in
Net
Interest
Income
 

Down 50 basis points

  $ (1,239    $ (976    $ (263      (2.2 )% 

Down 25 basis points

  $ (667    $ (488    $ (179      (1.5 )% 

No change

    —          —          —          —    

Up 25 basis points

  $ 758      $ 488      $ 270        2.2

Up 50 basis points

  $ 1,544      $ 976      $ 568        4.7

 

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2019.

Based on the foregoing, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that we would meet our disclosure obligations.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the three-month period ended June 30, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings.

We are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings, nor, to our knowledge, is any material legal proceeding threatened against us. From time to time, we may be party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including proceedings relating to the enforcement of our rights under contracts with our portfolio companies. While the outcome of any legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not expect that these proceedings will have a material adverse effect upon our financial condition or results of operations.

 

Item 1A.

Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes from the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

 

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Use of Proceeds

On September 11, 2017, our registration statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-216037), covering our initial public offering of up to $2,750,000 in shares of common stock, was declared effective under the Securities Act, and we commenced our initial public offering. We are offering on a continuous basis up to $2,500,000 in any combination of Class T, Class S, Class D, Class M and Class I shares of common stock in our primary offering and up to $250,000 in any combination of Class F, Class Y, Class T, Class S, Class D, Class M and Class I shares of common stock pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. FS Investment Solutions, LLC, an affiliate of FS Real Estate Advisor, serves as the dealer manager of our initial public offering.

Our equity raise as of June 30, 2019 resulted in the following ($ in thousands except for share amounts):

 

    Class F
Shares
    Class Y
Shares
    Class T
Shares
    Class S
Shares
    Class D
Shares
    Class M
Shares
    Class I
Shares
    Total  

Primary shares sold

    2,523,969       193,013       497,869       3,783       107,094       832,464       679,002       4,837,194  

Gross proceeds from primary offering

  $ 58,615     $ 4,758     $ 12,748     $ 97     $ 2,658     $ 20,862     $ 16,694     $ 116,432  

Reinvestments of distributions

    3,947       74       139       1       28       87       57       4,333  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total gross proceeds

    62,562       4,832       12,887       98       2,686       20,949       16,751       120,765  

Selling commissions

    —         —         (393     (3     —         —         —         (396

Stockholder servicing fees

    —         —         (40     0       (4     (35     —         (79
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net offering proceeds

  $ 62,562     $ 4,832     $ 12,454     $ 95     $ 2,682     $ 20,914     $ 16,751     $ 120,290  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

From the effective date of our initial public offering through June 30, 2019, the net offering proceeds to us, after deducting the total expenses incurred as described above, were $120,290. We primarily used the net offering proceeds to originate, acquire and manage a portfolio of real estate-related investments in accordance with our investment objectives. See Note 1 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein for additional information regarding our investment objectives.

Share Repurchase Program

We have adopted a share repurchase plan, whereby on a monthly basis, stockholders may request that we repurchase all or any portion of their shares. Class F shares and Class Y shares are not eligible to participate in

 

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our share repurchase plan until September 2019. The repurchase of shares is limited to no more than 2% of our aggregate NAV per month of all classes of shares then participating in our share repurchase plan and no more than 5% of our aggregate NAV per calendar quarter of all classes of shares then participating in our share repurchase plan, which means that in any 12-month period, we limit repurchases to approximately 20% of the total NAV of all classes of shares then participating in the share repurchase plan.

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, there were no repurchases of shares of common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program.

 

Item 3.

Defaults upon Senior Securities.

None.

 

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

 

Item 5.

Other Information.

Not applicable.

 

Item 6.

Exhibits.

 

  3.1    Second Articles of Amendment and Restatement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11, as filed by the Registrant with the SEC on September 7, 2017 (file number 333-216037)).
  3.2    Articles of Amendment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed by the Registrant with the SEC on August 17, 2018 (file number 333-216037)).
  3.3*    Second Articles of Amendment.
  3.4    Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11, as filed by the Registrant with the SEC on February 13, 2017 (file number 333-216037)).
  4.1    Form of Subscription Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11, as filed by the Registrant with the SEC on April 10, 2019 (file number 333-216037).
  4.2    Distribution Reinvestment Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11, as filed by the Registrant with the SEC on April 10, 2019 (file number 333-216037)).
31.1*    Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*    Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*    Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101*    Interactive Data File (XBRL)

 

*

Filed herewith.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on August 14, 2019.

 

FS CREDIT REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.

By:    

/s/ MICHAEL C. FORMAN

 

Michael C. Forman
Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

By:    

/s/ EDWARD T. GALLIVAN, JR.

 

Edward T. Gallivan, Jr.

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

 

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