Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared on a going concern basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial reporting and as required by Regulation S-X, Rule 10-01. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (including those which are normal and recurring) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the interim financial information have been included. When preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, the Company must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Additionally, operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s annual financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, which are included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 31, 2023.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, together with amounts disclosed in the related notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s significant estimates and assumptions used in these condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the fair value of financial instruments warrants, options and equity shares, the valuation of stock-based compensation, and the estimates and assumptions related to impairment analysis of in-process research and development assets.

Certain of the Company’s estimates could be affected by external conditions, including those unique to the Company and general economic conditions. It is reasonably possible that these external factors could have an effect on the Company’s estimates and may cause actual results to differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s reporting currency is the United States dollar. The functional currency of certain subsidiaries was the British Pound (“GBP”) (1.2680 and 1.2098 GBP to 1 US dollar, each as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively) for balance sheet accounts, while expense accounts are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period (1.2520 and 1.2571 GBP to 1 US dollar for each of the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 1.2335 and 1.2995 GBP to 1 US dollar each for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively). Equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recognized in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.

Comprehensive (loss) income is defined as the change in equity of an entity from all sources other than investments by owners or distributions to owners and includes foreign currency translation adjustments as described above. During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded other comprehensive loss of ($15,267) and ($1,908,051), respectively, as a result of foreign currency translation adjustments. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded other comprehensive loss of ($14,604) and ($2,636,132), respectively, as a result of foreign currency translation adjustments.

Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in foreign currencies, including intercompany transactions, are included in results of operations. The Company recognized ($1,467) and ($350) of foreign currency transaction losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and recognized $22 and ($120) of foreign currency transaction gains (losses) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Such amounts have been classified within general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income .

Intangible Assets and In-Process Research and Development (“IP R&D”)

Intangible Assets and In-Process Research and Development (“IP R&D”)

Intangible assets consist of licensed patents held by Katexco Pharmaceuticals Corp. (“Katexco”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, as well as technology licenses acquired in connection with the July 2019, corporate restructuring completed between the Company and each of 180 Therapeutics L.P. (“180 LP”), Katexco and CannBioRex Pharmaceuticals Corp. (“CBR Pharma”), pursuant to which each of 180 LP, Katexco and CBR Pharma became wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company (the “Reorganization”). Licensed patents are amortized over the remaining life of the patent. Technology licenses represent the fair value of licenses acquired for the development and commercialization of certain licenses and knowledge. The technology licenses are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the underlying patents. It will be necessary to monitor and possibly adjust the useful lives of the licensed patents and technology licenses depending on the results of the Company’s research and development activities.

IP R&D assets represent the fair value assigned to technologies that were acquired on July 16, 2019 in connection with the Reorganization, which have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use. IP R&D assets are considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During the period that the IP R&D assets are considered indefinite-lived, they are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if the Company becomes aware of any events occurring or changes in circumstances that indicate that the fair value of the IP R&D assets are less than their carrying amounts. If and when development is complete, which generally occurs upon regulatory approval, and the Company is able to commercialize products associated with the IP R&D assets, these assets are then deemed definite-lived and are amortized based on their estimated useful lives at that point in time. If development is terminated or abandoned, the Company may record a full or partial impairment charge related to the IP R&D assets, calculated as the excess of the carrying value of the IP R&D assets over their estimated fair value.

As of December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of the IP R&D assets on the balance sheet was $12,405,084 (which consists of carrying amounts of $1,462,084 and $10,943,000 related to the Company’s CBR Pharma subsidiary and its 180 LP subsidiary, respectively). Per the valuation obtained from a third party as of year-end, the fair market value of the Company’s IP R&D assets was determined to be $9,063,000 (which consisted of fair values of $0 and $9,063,000 related to the Company’s CBR Pharma subsidiary and 180 LP subsidiary, respectively). As of that measurement date, the carrying values of the CBR Pharma and 180 LP subsidiaries’ assets exceeded their fair market values by $1,462,084 and $1,880,000, respectively. As such, management determined that the consolidated IP R&D assets were impaired by $3,342,084 and, in order to recognize the impairment, the Company recorded a loss for this amount during the fourth quarter of 2022, which appeared as a loss on impairment to IP R&D assets on the income statement. This reduced the IP R&D asset balances of its CBR Pharma subsidiary and its 180 LP subsidiary to zero and $9,063,000, respectively, as of December 31, 2022; and the total consolidated IP R&D asset balance was $9,063,000 after impairment.

As of June 30, 2023, the carrying amount of the IP R&D assets on the balance sheet was $9,063,000 (which consists of a balance related to the Company’s 180 LP subsidiary); the Company typically assesses asset impairment on an annual basis unless a triggering event or other facts or circumstances indicate that an evaluation should be performed at an earlier date. At the end of the current period, the Company assessed general economic conditions, industry and market considerations, the Company’s financial performance and all relevant legal, regulatory, and political factors that might indicate the possibility of impairment and concluded that, when these factors were collectively evaluated, it is more likely than not that the asset is not impaired. The Company and its management will continue to perform intangible assets and IP R&D assets impairment testing on an annual basis, or as needed if there are changes to the composition of its reporting unit or facts or circumstances are present which indicate the possibility of impairment.

Net (Loss) Income Per Common Share

Net (Loss) Income Per Common Share

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the common share equivalents had been issued (computed using the treasury stock or if converted method), if dilutive.

The following table details the net income (loss) per share calculation, reconciles between basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, and presents the potentially dilutive shares that are excluded from the calculation of the weighted average diluted common shares outstanding, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,					For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Numerator:
Net (loss) income	$	(3,680,169	)	$	2,939,284	$	(8,442,247	)	$	4,502,997
Weighted average shares outstanding (denominator for basic earnings per share)		5,231,293			1,705,629		4,493,319			1,704,320
Weighted average shares and assumed potential common shares (denominator for diluted earnings per share, treasury method)		5,231,293			1,705,629		4,493,319			1,704,320
Basic earnings per share	$	(0.70	)	$	1.72	$	(1.88	)	$	2.64
Diluted earnings per share	$	(0.70	)	$	1.72	$	(1.88	)	$	2.64

The following common share equivalents are excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Options		147,956		162,957		147,956		162,957
Warrants		5,006,408		557,696		5,006,408		557,696
Total potentially anti-dilutive shares		5,154,364		720,653		5,154,364		720,653

Warrant, Option and Convertible Instrument Valuation

Warrant, Option and Convertible Instrument Valuation

The Company has computed the fair value of warrants and options using a Black-Scholes model. The expected term used for warrants is the contractual life and the expected term used for options issued is the estimated period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The Company utilizes the “simplified” method to develop an estimate of the expected term of “plain vanilla” option grants. The Company is utilizing an expected volatility figure based on a review of the historical volatilities, over a period of time, equivalent to the expected life of the instrument being valued, of similarly positioned public companies within its industry. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining term consistent with the expected term of the instrument being valued.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 740 “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”).

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of items that have been included or excluded in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts (“temporary differences”) at enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse.

The Company utilizes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company’s policy is to classify assessments, if any, for tax related interest as interest expense and penalties as general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. Based upon that evaluation, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements, except as disclosed in Note 11 - Subsequent Events.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.