Intangible Assets Intangible assets consisted of the following: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | As of March 31, 2021 | (in millions) | | Gross Carrying Value | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Carrying Value | Software | | $ | 4,014 | | | $ | 2,733 | | | $ | 1,281 | | | | | | | | | Customer related intangible assets | | 4,212 | | | 1,641 | | | 2,571 | | Other intangible assets | | 239 | | | 48 | | | 191 | | Total intangible assets | | $ | 8,465 | | | $ | 4,422 | | | $ | 4,043 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | As of March 31, 2020 | (in millions) | | Gross Carrying Value | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Carrying Value | Software | | $ | 4,048 | | | $ | 2,614 | | | $ | 1,434 | | | | | | | | | Customer related intangible assets | | 5,795 | | | 1,697 | | | 4,098 | | Other intangible assets | | 235 | | | 36 | | | 199 | | Total intangible assets | | $ | 10,078 | | | $ | 4,347 | | | $ | 5,731 | |
The components of amortization expense were as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fiscal Years Ended | (in millions) | | March 31, 2021 | | March 31, 2020 | | March 31, 2019 | Intangible asset amortization | | $ | 952 | | | $ | 1,019 | | | $ | 890 | | Transition and transformation contract cost amortization(1) | | 264 | | | 280 | | | 258 | | Total amortization expense | | $ | 1,216 | | | $ | 1,299 | | | $ | 1,148 | |
(1)Transition and transformation contract costs are included within other assets on the balance sheet.
Estimated future amortization as of March 31, 2021 is as follows: | | | | | | | | | Fiscal Year | | (in millions) | 2022 | | $ | 837 | | 2023 | | $ | 755 | | 2024 | | $ | 669 | | 2025 | | $ | 554 | | 2026 | | $ | 505 | |
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