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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☑
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022
or
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___ to ___
Commission File Number: 001-37905
bhf-20220930_g1.jpg
Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 81-3846992
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
11225 North Community House Road, Charlotte, North Carolina
 
28277
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(980) 365-7100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per shareBHFThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of 6.600% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series ABHFAPThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of 6.750% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series BBHFAOThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of 5.375% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series CBHFANThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of 4.625% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series DBHFAMThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
6.250% Junior Subordinated Debentures due 2058BHFALThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes þ  No ¨   
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes þ    No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerþAccelerated filer
¨
Non-accelerated filer
¨
Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes ☐ No þ
As of November 3, 2022, 69,129,693 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.


Table of Contents
Page
  Item 1.
Consolidated Financial Statements (at September 30, 2022 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2021 and for the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)):
  Item 2.
  Item 3.
  Item 4.
  Item 1.
  Item 1A.
  Item 2.
  Item 6.

Table of Contents
Part I — Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
September 30, 2022 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2021
(In millions, except share and per share data)
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Assets
Investments:
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value (amortized cost: $85,307 and $79,246, respectively; allowance for credit losses of $5 and $11, respectively)
$75,271 $87,582 
Equity securities, at estimated fair value100 101 
Mortgage loans (net of allowance for credit losses of $99 and $123, respectively)
22,089 19,850 
Policy loans1,274 1,264 
Limited partnerships and limited liability companies4,607 4,271 
Short-term investments, principally at estimated fair value1,130 1,841 
Other invested assets, principally at estimated fair value (net of allowance for credit losses of $13 and $13, respectively)
4,033 3,316 
Total investments
108,504 118,225 
Cash and cash equivalents4,793 4,474 
Accrued investment income909 724 
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables (net of allowance for credit losses of $10 and $10, respectively)
17,877 16,094 
Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired5,639 5,377 
Current income tax recoverable18 — 
Deferred income tax asset1,619 — 
Other assets446 482 
Separate account assets81,836 114,464 
Total assets
$221,641 $259,840 
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities
Future policy benefits$41,786 $43,807 
Policyholder account balances71,323 66,851 
Other policy-related balances3,364 3,457 
Payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions6,532 6,269 
Long-term debt3,156 3,157 
Current income tax payable— 62 
Deferred income tax liability— 1,062 
Other liabilities7,765 4,504 
Separate account liabilities81,836 114,464 
Total liabilities
215,762 243,633 
Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees (Note 11)
Equity
Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; $1,753 aggregate liquidation preference
— — 
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 122,129,392 and 121,513,442 shares issued, respectively; 70,060,560 and 77,870,072 shares outstanding, respectively
1 1 
Additional paid-in capital14,095 14,154 
Retained earnings (deficit)304 (642)
Treasury stock, at cost; 52,068,832 and 43,643,370 shares, respectively
(1,949)(1,543)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(6,637)4,172 
Total Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity
5,814 16,142 
Noncontrolling interests65 65 
Total equity
5,879 16,207 
Total liabilities and equity
$221,641 $259,840 
See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
Table of Contents
Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)
(In millions, except per share data)
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
Revenues
Premiums$162 $193 $495 $539 
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees783 881 2,408 2,730 
Net investment income877 1,281 3,089 3,680 
Other revenues121 117 376 345 
Net investment gains (losses)(45)(16)(179)(36)
Net derivative gains (losses)(416)56 1,830 (2,132)
Total revenues1,482 2,512 8,019 5,126 
Expenses
Policyholder benefits and claims1,246 1,112 3,260 2,620 
Interest credited to policyholder account balances430 413 1,039 997 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired179 (82)972 17 
Other expenses495 579 1,596 1,749 
Total expenses2,350 2,022 6,867 5,383 
Income (loss) before provision for income tax(868)490 1,152 (257)
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)(193)105 202 (90)
Net income (loss)(675)385 950 (167)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests2 2 4 4 
Net income (loss) attributable to Brighthouse Financial, Inc.(677)383 946 (171)
Less: Preferred stock dividends25 22 78 68 
Net income (loss) available to Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s common shareholders$(702)$361 $868 $(239)
Comprehensive income (loss)$(4,221)$79 $(9,859)$(1,593)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests2 2 4 4 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Brighthouse Financial, Inc.$(4,223)$77 $(9,863)$(1,597)
Earnings per common share
Basic
$(9.82)$4.37 $11.68 $(2.80)
Diluted
$(9.82)$4.34 $11.61 $(2.80)
See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity
For the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)
(In millions)
Preferred StockCommon StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained Earnings (Deficit)Treasury Stock at CostAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s Stockholders’ EquityNoncontrolling InterestsTotal Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021$— $1 $14,154 $(642)$(1,543)$4,172 $16,142 $65 $16,207 
Treasury stock acquired in connection with share repurchases
(259)(259)(259)
Share-based compensation
— 12 (11)1 1 
Dividends on preferred stock
(53)(53)(53)
Change in noncontrolling interests
— (2)(2)
Net income (loss)
1,623 1,623 2 1,625 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax
(7,263)(7,263)(7,263)
Balance at June 30, 2022— 1 14,113 981 (1,813)(3,091)10,191 65 10,256 
Treasury stock acquired in connection with share repurchases
(136)(136)(136)
Share-based compensation
— 7 7 7 
Dividends on preferred stock
(25)(25)(25)
Change in noncontrolling interests
— (2)(2)
Net income (loss)
(677)(677)2 (675)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax
(3,546)(3,546)(3,546)
Balance at September 30, 2022$— $1 $14,095 $304 $(1,949)$(6,637)$5,814 $65 $5,879 
Preferred StockCommon StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalRetained Earnings (Deficit)Treasury Stock at CostAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s Stockholders’ EquityNoncontrolling InterestsTotal Equity
Balance at December 31, 2020$— $1 $13,878 $(534)$(1,038)$5,716 $18,023 $65 $18,088 
Treasury stock acquired in connection with share repurchases
(192)(192)(192)
Share-based compensation
— 10 (6)4 4 
Dividends on preferred stock(46)(46)(46)
Change in noncontrolling interests
— (2)(2)
Net income (loss)
(554)(554)2 (552)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax
(1,120)(1,120)(1,120)
Balance at June 30, 2021— 1 13,842 (1,088)(1,236)4,596 16,115 65 16,180 
Treasury stock acquired in connection with share repurchases
(149)(149)(149)
Share-based compensation
— 10 10 10 
Dividends on preferred stock
(22)(22)(22)
Change in noncontrolling interests
— (2)(2)
Net income (loss)
383 383 2 385 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax
(306)(306)(306)
Balance at September 30, 2021$— $1 $13,830 $(705)$(1,385)$4,290 $16,031 $65 $16,096 
See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited)
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20222021
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(939)$644 
Cash flows from investing activities
Sales, maturities and repayments of:
Fixed maturity securities8,479 8,541 
Equity securities41 114 
Mortgage loans1,770 2,005 
Limited partnerships and limited liability companies180 168 
Purchases of:
Fixed maturity securities(14,333)(16,168)
Equity securities(37)(7)
Mortgage loans(4,059)(4,421)
Limited partnerships and limited liability companies(619)(560)
Cash received in connection with freestanding derivatives3,778 3,213 
Cash paid in connection with freestanding derivatives(3,395)(3,914)
Net change in policy loans(9)28 
Net change in short-term investments716 1,349 
Net change in other invested assets(108)(13)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
(7,596)(9,665)
Cash flows from financing activities
Policyholder account balances:
Deposits23,503 11,182 
Withdrawals(14,285)(1,945)
Net change in payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions263 387 
Long-term debt repaid(2)(1)
Dividends on preferred stock(78)(68)
Treasury stock acquired in connection with share repurchases(395)(341)
Financing element on certain derivative instruments and other derivative related transactions, net(137)(183)
Other, net(15)(10)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities8,854 9,021 
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash319 — 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period4,474 4,108 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$4,793 $4,108 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Net cash paid (received) for:
Interest$83 $88 
Income tax$120 $10 
See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Business
Brighthouse Financial, Inc. (“BHF” and together with its subsidiaries, “Brighthouse Financial” or the “Company”) is a holding company formed in 2016 to own the legal entities that historically operated a substantial portion of MetLife, Inc.’s former retail segment until becoming a separate, publicly-traded company in August 2017. Brighthouse Financial is one of the largest providers of annuity and life insurance products in the U.S. through multiple independent distribution channels and marketing arrangements with a diverse network of distribution partners. The Company is organized into three segments: Annuities; Life; and Run-off. In addition, the Company reports certain of its results of operations in Corporate & Other.
Basis of Presentation
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to adopt accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported on the interim condensed consolidated financial statements. In applying these policies and estimates, management makes subjective and complex judgments that frequently require assumptions about matters that are inherently uncertain. Many of these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in the insurance and financial services industries; others are specific to the Company’s business and operations. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Consolidation
The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Brighthouse Financial, as well as partnerships and limited liability companies (“LLC”) that the Company controls. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments in limited partnerships and LLCs when it has more than a minor ownership interest or more than a minor influence over the investee’s operations. The Company generally recognizes its share of the investee’s earnings on a three-month lag in instances where the investee’s financial information is not sufficiently timely or when the investee’s reporting period differs from the Company’s reporting period. When the Company has virtually no influence over the investee’s operations, the investment is carried at fair value.
The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and reflect all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented in conformity with GAAP. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of full year performance. The December 31, 2021 consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements included in Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Annual Report”), which include all disclosures required by GAAP. Therefore, these interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company included in the 2021 Annual Report.
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
Changes to GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of accounting standards updates (“ASU”) to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. There were no significant ASUs adopted during the period ended September 30, 2022.
Future Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance on long-duration contracts (ASU 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts (“LDTI”)). LDTI is effective for fiscal years beginning after January 1, 2023. LDTI will result in significant changes to the measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements for long-duration insurance contracts. A summary of the most significant changes is provided below:
(1) Guaranteed benefits associated with variable annuity and certain fixed annuity contracts will be classified and presented separately on the consolidated balance sheets as market risk benefits (“MRB”). MRBs will be measured at fair value through net income and reported separately on the consolidated statements of operations, except for instrument-specific credit risk changes, which will be recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”).
(2) Cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits on traditional long-duration contracts (including term and non-participating whole life insurance and immediate annuities) will be updated on an annual basis using
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
a retrospective method. The resulting remeasurement gain or loss will be reported separately on the consolidated statements of operations along with the remeasurement gain or loss on universal life-type contract liabilities.
(3) The discount rate assumption used to measure the liability for traditional long-duration contracts will be based on an upper-medium grade fixed income yield, updated quarterly, with changes recognized in OCI.
(4) Deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) for all insurance products are required to be amortized on a constant-level basis over the expected term of the contracts, using amortization methods that are not a function of revenue or profit emergence. Changes in assumptions used to amortize DAC will be recognized as a revision to future amortization amounts.
(5) There will be a significant increase in required disclosures, including disaggregated rollforwards of insurance contract assets and liabilities supplemented by qualitative and quantitative information regarding the cash flows, assumptions, methods and judgements used to measure those balances.
LDTI will be applied to the earliest period presented in the financial statements, making the transition date January 1, 2021. The MRB changes are required to be applied on a retrospective basis, while the changes for insurance liability assumption updates and DAC amortization will be applied to existing carrying amounts on the transition date.
LDTI will have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements and will change the pattern and market sensitivity of the Company’s earnings after the transition date. The most significant impact will be the requirement that all variable annuity guarantees be considered MRBs and measured at fair value, because a significant amount of variable annuity guarantees are classified as insurance liabilities under current GAAP. The impacts to the financial statements are highly dependent on market conditions, especially interest rates. The Company estimates the impact of LDTI to total stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2021 to be a reduction of between $6 billion and $8 billion, and a reduction to total stockholders’ equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive income of between $3 billion and $4 billion, both primarily driven by the MRB changes. Based on prevailing interest rates at September 30, 2022, post adoption of LDTI, the Company expects the impact to total stockholders’ equity as of September 30, 2022 to have significantly improved since December 31, 2021.
The Company has made significant progress toward adopting the new guidance, including updating systems, validating computations, establishing proper controls, finalizing accounting policies and developing disclosures.
2. Segment Information
The Company is organized into three segments: Annuities; Life; and Run-off. In addition, the Company reports certain of its results of operations in Corporate & Other.
Annuities
The Annuities segment consists of a variety of variable, fixed, index-linked and income annuities designed to address contract holders’ needs for protected wealth accumulation on a tax-deferred basis, wealth transfer and income security.
Life
The Life segment consists of insurance products and services, including term, universal, whole and variable life products designed to address policyholders’ needs for financial security and protected wealth transfer, which may be on a tax-advantaged basis.
Run-off
The Run-off segment consists of products that are no longer actively sold and are separately managed, including universal life with secondary guarantees, structured settlements, pension risk transfer contracts, certain company-owned life insurance policies and certain funding agreements.
Corporate & Other
Corporate & Other contains the excess capital not allocated to the segments and interest expense related to the Company’s outstanding debt, as well as expenses associated with certain legal proceedings and income tax audit issues. Corporate & Other also includes long-term care and workers’ compensation business reinsured through 100% quota share reinsurance agreements, activities related to funding agreements associated with the Company’s institutional spread margin business, as well as direct-to-consumer life insurance that is no longer actively sold.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
2. Segment Information (continued)
Financial Measures and Segment Accounting Policies
Adjusted earnings is a financial measure used by management to evaluate performance and facilitate comparisons to industry results. Consistent with GAAP guidance for segment reporting, adjusted earnings is also used to measure segment performance. The Company believes the presentation of adjusted earnings, as the Company measures it for management purposes, enhances the understanding of its performance by the investor community by highlighting the results of operations and the underlying profitability drivers of the business.
Adjusted earnings, which may be positive or negative, focuses on the Company’s primary businesses by excluding the impact of market volatility, which could distort trends.
The following are significant items excluded from total revenues in calculating adjusted earnings:
•Net investment gains (losses);
•Net derivative gains (losses) except earned income and amortization of premium on derivatives that are hedges of investments or that are used to replicate certain investments, but do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment; and
•Certain variable annuity guaranteed minimum income benefits (“GMIB”) fees (“GMIB Fees”).
The following are significant items excluded from total expenses in calculating adjusted earnings:
•Amounts associated with benefits related to GMIBs (“GMIB Costs”);
•Amounts associated with periodic crediting rate adjustments based on the total return of a contractually referenced pool of assets; and
•Amortization of DAC and value of business acquired (“VOBA”) related to (i) net investment gains (losses), (ii) net derivative gains (losses) and (iii) GMIB Fees and GMIB Costs.
The tax impact of the adjustments discussed above is calculated net of the statutory tax rate, which could differ from the Company’s effective tax rate.
The segment accounting policies are the same as those used to prepare the Company’s interim condensed consolidated financial statements, except for the adjustments to calculate adjusted earnings described above. In addition, segment accounting policies include the methods of capital allocation described below.
Segment investment and capitalization targets are based on statutory oriented risk principles and metrics. Segment invested assets backing liabilities are based on net statutory liabilities plus excess capital. For the variable annuity business, the excess capital held is based on the target statutory total asset requirement consistent with the Company’s variable annuity risk management strategy. For insurance businesses other than variable annuities, excess capital held is based on a percentage of required statutory risk-based capital. Assets in excess of those allocated to the segments, if any, are held in Corporate & Other. Segment net investment income reflects the performance of each segment’s respective invested assets.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
2. Segment Information (continued)
Operating results by segment, as well as Corporate & Other, were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
AnnuitiesLifeRun-offCorporate & OtherTotal
(In millions)
Pre-tax adjusted earnings$148 $(9)$(27)$31 $143 
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)23 (2)(6)4 19 
Post-tax adjusted earnings125 (7)(21)27 124 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests— — — 2 2 
Less: Preferred stock dividends— — — 25 25 
Adjusted earnings$125 $(7)$(21)$— 97 
Adjustments for:
Net investment gains (losses)(45)
Net derivative gains (losses)(416)
Other adjustments to net income (loss)(550)
Provision for income tax (expense) benefit212 
Net income (loss) available to Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s common shareholders$(702)
Interest revenue$547 $74 $168 $111 
Interest expense$— $— $— $38 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
AnnuitiesLifeRun-offCorporate & OtherTotal
(In millions)
Pre-tax adjusted earnings$481 $141 $42 $(63)$601 
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)96 31 4 (4)127 
Post-tax adjusted earnings385 110 38 (59)474 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests— — — 2 2 
Less: Preferred stock dividends— — — 22 22 
Adjusted earnings$385 $110 $38 $(83)450 
Adjustments for:
Net investment gains (losses)(16)
Net derivative gains (losses)56 
Other adjustments to net income (loss)(151)
Provision for income tax (expense) benefit22 
Net income (loss) available to Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s common shareholders
$361 
Interest revenue$567 $183 $505 $32 
Interest expense$— $— $— $41 
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
2. Segment Information (continued)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
AnnuitiesLifeRun-offCorporate & OtherTotal
(In millions)
Pre-tax adjusted earnings$779 $51 $(214)$(38)$578 
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)139 9 (45)(22)81 
Post-tax adjusted earnings 640 42 (169)(16)497 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests— — — 4 4 
Less: Preferred stock dividends — — — 78 78 
Adjusted earnings$640 $42 $(169)$(98)415 
Adjustments for:
Net investment gains (losses)(179)
Net derivative gains (losses)1,830 
Other adjustments to net income (loss)(1,077)
Provision for income tax (expense) benefit(121)
Net income (loss) available to Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s common shareholders
$868 
Interest revenue$1,648 $339 $919 $221 
Interest expense$— $— $— $114 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
AnnuitiesLifeRun-offCorporate & OtherTotal
(In millions)
Pre-tax adjusted earnings$1,312 $278 $267 $(206)$1,651 
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)253 58 31 (33)309 
Post-tax adjusted earnings 1,059 220 236 (173)1,342 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests— — — 4 4 
Less: Preferred stock dividends — — — 68 68 
Adjusted earnings$1,059 $220 $236 $(245)1,270 
Adjustments for:
Net investment gains (losses)(36)
Net derivative gains (losses)(2,132)
Other adjustments to net income (loss)260 
Provision for income tax (expense) benefit399 
Net income (loss) available to Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s common shareholders
$(239)
Interest revenue$1,650 $517 $1,466 $63 
Interest expense$— $— $— $122 
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
2. Segment Information (continued)
Total revenues by segment, as well as Corporate & Other, were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Annuities$1,183 $1,351 $3,662 $3,906 
Life255 345 871 1,138 
Run-off339 670 1,415 1,960 
Corporate & Other128 51 276 122 
Adjustments(423)95 1,795 (2,000)
Total$1,482 $2,512 $8,019 $5,126 
Total assets by segment, as well as Corporate & Other, were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(In millions)
Annuities$147,599 $178,700 
Life21,109 24,514 
Run-off28,626 37,055 
Corporate & Other24,307 19,571 
Total$221,641 $259,840 
3. Insurance
Guarantees
As discussed in Notes 1 and 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 Annual Report, the Company issues variable annuity contracts with guaranteed minimum benefits. Guaranteed minimum death benefits, the life contingent portion of guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”) and certain portions of GMIBs are accounted for as insurance liabilities in future policyholder benefits, while other guarantees are accounted for in whole or in part as embedded derivatives in policyholder account balances and are further discussed in Note 5.
The Company also has secondary guarantees on universal and variable life insurance contracts accounted for as insurance liabilities.
Information regarding the Company’s guarantee exposure was as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
In the
Event of Death		At
Annuitization		In the
Event of Death		At
Annuitization
(Dollars in millions)
Annuity Contracts (1), (2)
Variable Annuity Guarantees
Total account value (3)$79,834 $42,520 $109,968 $59,735 
Separate account value$74,918 $41,356 $105,023 $58,555 
Net amount at risk$18,461 (4)$6,761 (5)$6,361 (4)$5,240 (5)
Average attained age of contract holders72 years71 years71 years70 years
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
3. Insurance (continued)
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Secondary Guarantees
(Dollars in millions)
Universal Life Contracts
Total account value (3)$5,317 $5,518 
Net amount at risk (6)$65,935 $67,248 
Average attained age of policyholders69 years68 years
Variable Life Contracts
Total account value (3)$3,677 $4,785 
Net amount at risk (6)$18,366 $18,857 
Average attained age of policyholders53 years52 years
_______________
(1)The Company’s annuity contracts with guarantees may offer more than one type of guarantee in each contract. Therefore, the amounts listed above may not be mutually exclusive.
(2)Includes direct business, but excludes offsets from hedging or reinsurance, if any. Therefore, the net amount at risk presented reflects the economic exposures of living and death benefit guarantees associated with variable annuities, but not necessarily their impact on the Company. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 Annual Report for a discussion of guaranteed minimum benefits which have been reinsured.
(3)Includes the contract holder’s investments in the general account and separate account, if applicable.
(4)Defined as the death benefit less the total account value, as of the balance sheet date. It represents the amount of the claim that the Company would incur if death claims were filed on all contracts on the balance sheet date and includes any additional contractual claims associated with riders purchased to assist with covering income taxes payable upon death.
(5)Defined as the amount (if any) that would be required to be added to the total account value to purchase a lifetime income stream, based on current annuity rates, equal to the minimum amount provided under the guaranteed benefit. This amount represents the Company’s potential economic exposure to such guarantees in the event all contract holders were to annuitize on the balance sheet date, even though the contracts contain terms that allow annuitization of the guaranteed amount only after the 10th anniversary of the contract, which not all contract holders have achieved.
(6)Defined as the guarantee amount less the account value, as of the balance sheet date. It represents the amount of the claim that the Company would incur if death claims were filed on all contracts on the balance sheet date.
4. Investments
See Notes 1 and 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 Annual Report for a description of the Company’s accounting policies for investments and the fair value hierarchy for investments and the related valuation methodologies.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
4. Investments (continued)
Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-sale
Fixed Maturity Securities by Sector
Fixed maturity securities by sector were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Amortized
Cost		Allowance for Credit LossesGross UnrealizedEstimated
Fair
Value		Amortized
Cost		Allowance for Credit LossesGross UnrealizedEstimated
Fair
Value
GainsLossesGainsLosses
(In millions)
U.S. corporate$37,214 $1 $125 $5,200 $32,138 $35,326 $2 $3,946 $189 $39,081 
Foreign corporate12,493 — 20 2,373 10,140 10,916 7 906 109 11,706 
U.S. government and agency8,682 — 332 612 8,402 7,301 — 2,066 60 9,307 
RMBS8,764 2 60 963 7,859 8,878 — 432 51 9,259 
CMBS7,321 2 — 703 6,616 6,976 2 333 25 7,282 
State and political subdivision4,110 — 120 399 3,831 3,995 — 846 6 4,835 
ABS5,538 — 1 336 5,203 4,261 — 33 14 4,280 
Foreign government1,185 — 36 139 1,082 1,593 — 244 5 1,832 
Total fixed maturity securities$85,307 $5 $694 $10,725 $75,271 $79,246 $11 $8,806 $459 $87,582 
The Company held non-income producing fixed maturity securities with an estimated fair value of $15 million and $3 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities, by contractual maturity date, were as follows at September 30, 2022:
Due in One
Year or Less		Due After One
Year Through
Five Years		Due After Five
Years Through
Ten Years		Due After Ten
Years		Structured
Securities (1)		Total Fixed
Maturity
Securities
(In millions)
Amortized cost$1,192 $13,566 $17,400 $31,526 $21,623 $85,307 
Estimated fair value$1,171 $12,716 $14,982 $26,724 $19,678 $75,271 
_______________
(1)Structured securities include residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) and asset-backed securities (“ABS”) (collectively, “Structured Securities”).
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to the exercise of call or prepayment options. Fixed maturity securities not due at a single maturity date have been presented in the year of final contractual maturity. Structured Securities are shown separately, as they are not due at a single maturity.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
4. Investments (continued)
Continuous Gross Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities by Sector
The estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position, by sector and by length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Less than 12 Months12 Months or GreaterLess than 12 Months12 Months or Greater
Estimated
Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Estimated
Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Estimated
Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Estimated
Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
Losses
(Dollars in millions)
U.S. corporate$26,463 $4,258 $2,704 $942 $5,131 $113 $888 $76 
Foreign corporate8,598 1,915 1,085 458 2,044 62 326 47 
U.S. government and agency3,500 292 1,076 320 1,716 40 222 20 
RMBS5,307 580 1,807 383 3,488 51 32 — 
CMBS5,984 574 612 129 1,401 21 95 4 
State and political subdivision2,173 369 99 30 356 6 7 — 
ABS4,333 265 778 71 2,459 13 93 1 
Foreign government847 139 — — 278 4 18 1 
Total fixed maturity securities$57,205 $8,392 $8,161 $2,333 $16,873 $310 $1,681 $149 
Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position8,049 1,400 2,454 369 
Allowance for Credit Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities
Evaluation and Measurement Methodologies
For fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position, management first assesses whether the Company intends to sell, or whether it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to estimated fair value through net investment gains (losses). For fixed maturity securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, management evaluates whether the decline in estimated fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. Inherent in management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future earnings potential. Considerations used in the allowance for credit loss evaluation process include, but are not limited to: (i) the extent to which estimated fair value is less than amortized cost; (ii) any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency; (iii) adverse conditions specifically related to the security, industry or geographic area; and (iv) payment structure of the fixed maturity security and the likelihood of the issuer being able to make payments in the future or the issuer’s failure to make scheduled interest and principal payments. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss is deemed to exist and an allowance for credit losses is recorded, limited by the amount that the estimated fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, with a corresponding charge to net investment gains (losses). Any unrealized losses that have not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses are recognized in OCI.
Once a security specific allowance for credit losses is established, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security continues to be reassessed. Any changes in the security specific allowance for credit losses are recorded as a provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense in net investment gains (losses).
Fixed maturity securities are also evaluated to determine whether any amounts have become uncollectible. When all, or a portion, of a security is deemed uncollectible, the uncollectible portion is written-off with an adjustment to amortized cost and a corresponding reduction to the allowance for credit losses.
Accrued interest receivables are presented separate from the amortized cost basis of fixed maturity securities. An allowance for credit losses is not estimated on an accrued interest receivable, rather receivable balances 90-days past due are deemed uncollectible and are written off with a corresponding reduction to net investment income. The accrued interest receivable on fixed maturity securities totaled $634 million and $534 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and is included in accrued investment income.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
4. Investments (continued)
Fixed maturity securities are also evaluated to determine if they qualify as purchased financial assets with credit deterioration (“PCD”). To determine if the credit deterioration experienced since origination is more than insignificant, both (i) the extent of the credit deterioration and (ii) any rating agency downgrades are evaluated. For securities categorized as PCD assets, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the par value of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the par value, credit losses are embedded in the purchase price of the PCD asset. In this situation, both an allowance for credit losses and amortized cost gross-up is recorded, limited by the amount that the estimated fair value is less than the grossed-up amortized cost basis. Any difference between the purchase price and the present value of cash flows is amortized or accreted into net investment income over the life of the PCD asset. Any subsequent PCD asset allowance for credit losses is evaluated in a manner similar to the process described above for fixed maturity securities.
Current Period Evaluation
Based on the Company’s current evaluation of its fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position and the current intent or requirement to sell, the Company recorded an allowance for credit losses of $5 million, relating to thirteen securities at September 30, 2022. Management concluded that for all other fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position, the unrealized loss was not due to issuer-specific credit-related factors and as a result was recognized in OCI. Where unrealized losses have not been recognized into income, it is primarily because the securities’ bond issuer(s) are of high credit quality, management does not intend to sell and it is likely that management will not be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery, and the decline in estimated fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates and non-issuer specific credit spreads. These issuers continued to make timely principal and interest payments and the estimated fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach maturity.
Allowance for Credit Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities
The allowance for credit losses for fixed maturity securities was $5 million and $11 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. For both the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the change in the allowance for fixed maturity securities by sector was immaterial. The Company recorded total write-offs of $10 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company did not record any write-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Mortgage Loans
Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment
Mortgage loans are summarized as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Carrying
Value		% of
Total		Carrying
Value		% of
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Commercial$13,286 60.2 %$12,187 61.4 %
Agricultural4,216 19.1 4,163 21.0 
Residential4,686 21.2 3,623 18.2 
Total mortgage loans (1)22,188 100.5 19,973 100.6 
Allowance for credit losses(99)(0.5)(123)(0.6)
Total mortgage loans, net$22,089 100.0 %$19,850 100.0 %
_______________
(1)Purchases of mortgage loans from third parties were $387 million and $1.6 billion for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $698 million and $1.5 billion for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and were primarily comprised of residential mortgage loans.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
4. Investments (continued)
Allowance for Credit Losses for Mortgage Loans
Evaluation and Measurement Methodologies
The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the mortgage loan’s amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the mortgage loan. The loan balance, or a portion of the loan balance, is written-off against the allowance when management believes this amount is uncollectible.
Accrued interest receivables are presented separate from the amortized cost basis of mortgage loans. An allowance for credit losses is generally not estimated on an accrued interest receivable, rather when a loan is placed in nonaccrual status the associated accrued interest receivable balance is written off with a corresponding reduction to net investment income. For mortgage loans that are granted payment deferrals due to the COVID-19 pandemic, interest continues to be accrued during the deferral period if the loan was less than 30 days past due at December 31, 2019 and performing at the onset of the pandemic. Accrued interest on COVID-19 pandemic impacted loans was not significant at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The accrued interest receivable on mortgage loans is included in accrued investment income and totaled $103 million and $95 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
The allowance for credit losses is estimated using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable forecast. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for estimating expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics and environmental conditions. A reasonable and supportable forecast period of two-years is used with an input reversion period of one-year.
Mortgage loans are evaluated in each of the three portfolio segments to determine the allowance for credit losses. The loan-level loss rates are determined using individual loan terms and characteristics, risk pools/internal ratings, national economic forecasts, prepayment speeds, and estimated default and loss severity. The resulting loss rates are applied to the mortgage loan’s amortized cost to generate an allowance for credit losses. In certain situations, the allowance for credit losses is measured as the difference between the loan’s amortized cost and liquidation value of the collateral. These situations include collateral dependent loans, expected troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”), foreclosure probable loans, and loans with dissimilar risk characteristics.
Mortgage loans are also evaluated to determine if they qualify as PCD assets. To determine if the credit deterioration experienced since origination is more than insignificant, the extent of credit deterioration is evaluated. All re-performing/modified loan (“RPL”) pools purchased after December 31, 2019 are determined to have been acquired with evidence of more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination and are classified as PCD assets. RPLs are pools of residential mortgage loans acquired at a discount or premium which have both credit and non-credit components. For PCD mortgage loans, the allowance for credit losses is determined using a similar methodology described above, except the loss-rate is determined at the pool level instead of the individual loan level. The initial allowance for credit losses, determined on a collective basis, is then allocated to the individual loans. The initial amortized cost of the loan is grossed-up to reflect the sum of the loan’s purchase price and allowance for credit losses. The difference between the grossed-up amortized cost basis and the par value of the loan is a noncredit discount or premium, which is accreted or amortized into net investment income over the remaining life of the loan. Any subsequent PCD mortgage loan allowance for credit losses is evaluated in a manner similar to the process described above for each of the three portfolio segments.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
4. Investments (continued)
Rollforward of the Allowance for Credit Losses for Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment
The changes in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment were as follows:
CommercialAgriculturalResidentialTotal
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Balance, beginning of period$67 $12 $44 $123 
Current period provision1 3 (5)(1)
Charge-offs, net of recoveries(23)— — (23)
Balance, end of period$45 $15 $39 $99 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Balance, beginning of period$44 $15 $35 $94 
Current period provision6 (2)— 4 
PCD credit allowance— — 2 2 
Balance, end of period$50 $13 $37 $100 
Credit Quality of Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment
The amortized cost of mortgage loans by year of origination and credit quality indicator was as follows at:
20222021202020192018PriorTotal
(In millions)
September 30, 2022
Commercial mortgage loans
Loan-to-value ratios:
Less than 65%$1,500 $2,754 $406 $1,474 $946 $3,776 $10,856 
65% to 75%427 470 — 302 403 334 1,936 
76% to 80%— — 40 105 29 38 212 
Greater than 80%— — — — 57 225 282 
Total commercial mortgage loans1,927 3,224 446 1,881 1,435 4,373 13,286 
Agricultural mortgage loans
Loan-to-value ratios:
Less than 65%373 1,166 415 497 648 793 3,892 
65% to 75%93 90 66 56 1 17 323 
Greater than 80%— — — — 1 — 1 
Total agricultural mortgage loans466 1,256 481 553 650 810 4,216 
Residential mortgage loans
Performing892 1,701 164 216 173 1,481 4,627 
Nonperforming1 6 2 2 1 47 59 
Total residential mortgage loans893 1,707 166 218 174 1,528 4,686 
Total$3,286 $6,187 $1,093 $2,652 $2,259 $6,711 $22,188 
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
4. Investments (continued)
20212020201920182017PriorTotal
(In millions)
December 31, 2021
Commercial mortgage loans
Loan-to-value ratios:
Less than 65%$2,771 $437 $1,539 $986 $554 $3,303 $9,590 
65% to 75%633 92 383 406 128 481 2,123 
76% to 80%— — 55 29 59 31 174 
Greater than 80%— — — 30 — 270 300 
Total commercial mortgage loans3,404 529 1,977 1,451 741 4,085 12,187 
Agricultural mortgage loans
Loan-to-value ratios:
Less than 65%1,150 541 510 674 292 633 3,800 
65% to 75%114 77 61 26 33 52 363 
Total agricultural mortgage loans1,264 618 571 700 325 685 4,163 
Residential mortgage loans
Performing1,124 202 270 230 132 1,606 3,564 
Nonperforming1 — 3 3 1 51 59 
Total residential mortgage loans1,125 202 273 233 133 1,657 3,623 
Total$5,793 $1,349 $2,821 $2,384 $1,199 $6,427 $19,973 
The loan-to-value ratio is a measure commonly used to assess the quality of commercial and agricultural mortgage loans. The loan-to-value ratio compares the amount of the loan to the estimated fair value of the underlying property collateralizing the loan and is commonly expressed as a percentage. A loan-to-value ratio less than 100% indicates an excess of collateral value over the loan amount. Loan-to-value ratios greater than 100% indicate that the loan amount exceeds the collateral value. Performing status is a measure commonly used to assess the quality of residential mortgage loans. A loan is considered performing when the borrower makes consistent and timely payments.
The amortized cost of commercial mortgage loans by debt-service coverage ratio was as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Amortized Cost% of
Total		Amortized Cost% of
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Debt-service coverage ratios:
Greater than 1.20x$11,808 88.9 %$10,289 84.4 %
1.00x - 1.20x581 4.4 596 4.9 
Less than 1.00x897 6.7 1,302 10.7 
Total$13,286 100.0 %$12,187 100.0 %
The debt-service coverage ratio compares a property’s net operating income to its debt-service payments. Debt-service coverage ratios less than 1.00 times indicate that property operations do not generate enough income to cover the loan’s current debt payments. A debt-service coverage ratio greater than 1.00 times indicates an excess of net operating income over the debt-service payments.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
4. Investments (continued)
Past Due Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment
The Company has a high-quality, well-performing mortgage loan portfolio, with over 99% of all mortgage loans classified as performing at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Delinquency is defined consistent with industry practice, when mortgage loans are past due as follows: commercial and residential mortgage loans — 60 days; and agricultural mortgage loans — 90 days. To the extent a payment deferral is agreed to with a borrower, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the past due status of the impacted loans during the forbearance period is locked-in as of March 1, 2020, which reflects the date on which the COVID-19 pandemic began to affect the borrower’s ability to make payments. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $23 million and $30 million, respectively, of the COVID-19 pandemic modified loans were classified as delinquent.
The aging of the amortized cost of past due mortgage loans by portfolio segment was as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
CommercialAgriculturalResidentialTotalCommercialAgriculturalResidentialTotal
(In millions)
Current$13,286 $4,193 $4,569 $22,048 $12,187 $4,163 $3,550 $19,900 
30-59 days past due— — 58 58 — — 14 14 
60-89 days past due— 7 17 24 — — 14 14 
90-179 days past due— — 26 26 — — 29 29 
180+ days past due— 16 16 32 — — 16 16 
Total
$13,286 $4,216 $4,686 $22,188 $12,187 $4,163 $3,623 $19,973 
Mortgage Loans in Nonaccrual Status by Portfolio Segment
Mortgage loans are placed in a nonaccrual status if there are concerns regarding collectability of future payments or the loan is past due, unless the past due loan is well collateralized. To the extent a payment deferral is agreed to with a borrower, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the impacted loans generally will not be reported as in a nonaccrual status during the period of deferral. A COVID-19 pandemic modified loan is only reported as a nonaccrual asset in the event a borrower declares bankruptcy, the borrower experiences significant credit deterioration such that the Company does not expect to collect all principal and interest due, or the loan was 90 days past due at the onset of the pandemic. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $23 million and $30 million, respectively, of the COVID-19 pandemic modified loans were in nonaccrual status.
The amortized cost of mortgage loans in a nonaccrual status by portfolio segment was as follows at:
CommercialAgriculturalResidentialTotal
(In millions)
September 30, 2022
$— $3 $59 $62 
December 31, 2021
$— $— $59 $59 
The Company had $2 million and $0 of loans in nonaccrual status for which there was no related allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The $2 million of mortgage loans for which there was no related allowance for credit losses pertains to collateral dependent loans where the collateral value exceeds amortized cost.
Current period investment income on mortgage loans in nonaccrual status was $1 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
4. Investments (continued)
Modified Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment
Under certain circumstances, modifications are granted to nonperforming mortgage loans. Each modification is evaluated to determine if a TDR has occurred. A modification is a TDR when the borrower is in financial difficulty and the creditor makes concessions. Generally, the types of concessions may include reducing the amount of debt owed, reducing the contractual interest rate, extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than current market interest rates and/or reducing accrued interest. The Company did not have a significant amount of mortgage loans modified in a TDR during both the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.
Short-term modifications made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were not more than 30 days past due at December 31, 2019 and in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are not considered TDRs.
Other Invested Assets
Over 90% of other invested assets is comprised of freestanding derivatives with positive estimated fair values. See Note 5 for information about freestanding derivatives with positive estimated fair values. Other invested assets also includes Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock, tax credit and renewable energy partnerships and leveraged leases.
Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
Unrealized investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities and the effect on DAC, VOBA, deferred sales inducements (“DSI”) and future policy benefits, that would result from the realization of the unrealized gains (losses), are included in net unrealized investment gains (losses) in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”).
The components of net unrealized investment gains (losses), included in AOCI, were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities$(10,031)$8,347 
Derivatives930 329 
Other(7)(29)
Subtotal(9,108)8,647 
Amounts allocated from:
Future policy benefits320 (2,903)
DAC, VOBA and DSI503 (403)
Subtotal823 (3,306)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)1,740 (1,121)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)$(6,545)$4,220 
The changes in net unrealized investment gains (losses) were as follows:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2021$4,220 
Unrealized investment gains (losses) during the period(17,755)
Unrealized investment gains (losses) relating to:
Future policy benefits3,223 
DAC, VOBA and DSI906 
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)2,861 
Balance at September 30, 2022$(6,545)
Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses)$(10,765)
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
4. Investments (continued)
Concentrations of Credit Risk
There were no investments in any counterparty that were greater than 10% of the Company’s equity, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Securities Lending
Elements of the securities lending program are presented below at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(In millions)
Securities on loan: (1)
Amortized cost$5,049 $3,573 
Estimated fair value$4,719 $4,539 
Cash collateral received from counterparties (2)$4,844 $4,611 
Securities collateral received from counterparties (3)$— $2 
Reinvestment portfolio — estimated fair value$4,590 $4,730 
_______________
(1)Included within fixed maturity securities.
(2)Included within payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions.
(3)Securities collateral received from counterparties may not be sold or re-pledged, unless the counterparty is in default, and is not reported on the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
The cash collateral liability by loaned security type and remaining tenor of the agreements were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Open (1)1 Month or Less1 to 6 MonthsTotalOpen (1)1 Month or Less1 to 6 MonthsTotal
(In millions)
U.S. government and agency$1,342 $1,373 $1,520 $4,235 $1,094 $2,125 $1,391 $4,610 
U.S. corporate— 456 — 456 1 — — 1 
Foreign corporate— 137 — 137 — — — — 
Foreign government— 16 — 16 — — — — 
Total$1,342 $1,982 $1,520 $4,844 $1,095 $2,125 $1,391 $4,611 
_______________
(1)The related loaned security could be returned to the Company on the next business day which would require the Company to immediately return the cash collateral.
If the Company is required to return significant amounts of cash collateral on short notice and is forced to sell securities to meet the return obligation, it may have difficulty selling such collateral that is invested in securities in a timely manner, be forced to sell securities in a volatile or illiquid market for less than what otherwise would have been realized in normal market conditions, or both. The estimated fair value of the securities on loan related to the cash collateral on open at September 30, 2022 was $1.3 billion, primarily comprised of U.S. government and agency securities which, if put back to the Company, could be immediately sold to satisfy the cash requirement.
The reinvestment portfolio acquired with the cash collateral consisted principally of fixed maturity securities (including U.S. government and agency securities, ABS, agency RMBS, U.S. and foreign corporate securities and CMBS) with 52% invested in U.S. government and agency securities, agency RMBS and cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2022. If the securities on loan or the reinvestment portfolio become less liquid, the Company has the liquidity resources of most of its general account available to meet any potential cash demands when securities on loan are put back to the Company.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
4. Investments (continued)
Invested Assets on Deposit, Held in Trust and Pledged as Collateral
Invested assets on deposit, held in trust and pledged as collateral at estimated fair value were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(In millions)
Invested assets on deposit (regulatory deposits) (1)$7,790 $10,000 
Invested assets held in trust (reinsurance agreements) (2)5,294 6,029 
Invested assets pledged as collateral (3)12,173 5,116 
Total invested assets on deposit, held in trust and pledged as collateral$25,257 $21,145 
_______________
(1)The Company has assets, primarily fixed maturity securities, on deposit with governmental authorities relating to certain policyholder liabilities, of which $32 million and $25 million of the assets on deposit represents restricted cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
(2)The Company has assets, primarily fixed maturity securities, held in trust relating to certain reinsurance transactions, of which $281 million and $119 million of the assets held in trust balance represents restricted cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
(3)The Company has pledged invested assets in connection with various agreements and transactions, including funding agreements (see Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 Annual Report) and derivative transactions (see Note 5).
See “— Securities Lending” for information regarding securities on loan. In addition, the Company’s investment in FHLB common stock, which is considered restricted until redeemed by the issuer, was $176 million and $70 million at redemption value at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Variable Interest Entities
A variable interest entity (“VIE”) is a legal entity that does not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities or is structured such that equity investors lack the ability to make significant decisions relating to the entity’s operations through voting rights or do not substantively participate in the gains and losses of the entity.
The Company enters into various arrangements with VIEs in the normal course of business and has invested in legal entities that are VIEs. VIEs are consolidated when it is determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary. A primary beneficiary is the variable interest holder in a VIE with both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. In addition, the evaluation of whether a legal entity is a VIE and if the Company is a primary beneficiary includes a review of the capital structure of the VIE, the related contractual relationships and terms, the nature of the operations and purpose of the VIE, the nature of the VIE interests issued and the Company’s involvement with the entity.
There were no material VIEs for which the Company has concluded that it is the primary beneficiary at either September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.
The carrying amount and maximum exposure to loss related to the VIEs for which the Company has concluded that it holds a variable interest, but is not the primary beneficiary, were as follows at:
 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
 Carrying
Amount		Maximum
Exposure
to Loss		Carrying
Amount		Maximum
Exposure
to Loss
 (In millions)
Fixed maturity securities$14,979 $16,493 $16,472 $15,802 
Limited partnerships and LLCs3,961 5,365 3,679 5,115 
Total$18,940 $21,858 $20,151 $20,917 
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
4. Investments (continued)
The Company’s investments in unconsolidated VIEs are described below.
Fixed Maturity Securities
The Company invests in U.S. corporate bonds, foreign corporate bonds and Structured Securities issued by VIEs. The Company is not obligated to provide any financial or other support to these VIEs, other than the original investment. The Company’s involvement with these entities is limited to that of a passive investor. The Company has no unilateral right to appoint or remove the servicer, special servicer, or investment manager, which are generally viewed as having the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE, nor does the Company function in any of these roles. The Company does not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity; as a result, the Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary, or consolidator, of the VIE. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these fixed maturity securities is limited to the amortized cost of these investments. See “— Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-sale” for information on these securities.
Limited Partnerships and LLCs
The Company holds investments in certain limited partnerships and LLCs which are VIEs. These ventures include limited partnerships, LLCs, private equity funds, and, to a lesser extent, tax credit and renewable energy partnerships. The Company is not considered the primary beneficiary, or consolidator, when its involvement takes the form of a limited partner interest and is restricted to a role of a passive investor, as a limited partner’s interest does not provide the Company with any substantive kick-out or participating rights, nor does it provide the Company with the power to direct the activities of the fund. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these investments is limited to: (i) the amount invested in debt or equity of the VIE and (ii) commitments to the VIE, as described in Note 11.
Net Investment Income
The components of net investment income were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Investment income:
Fixed maturity securities$787 $716 $2,247 $2,109 
Equity securities1 1 2 3 
Mortgage loans208 171 616 502 
Policy loans16 16 48 49 
Limited partnerships and LLCs (1)(106)402 257 1,090 
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments22 1 29 4 
Other20 13 52 32 
Total investment income948 1,320 3,251 3,789 
Less: Investment expenses71 39 162 109 
Net investment income$877 $1,281 $3,089 $3,680 
_______________
(1)Includes net investment income pertaining to other limited partnership interests of ($127) million and $178 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $378 million and $1.0 billion for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
4. Investments (continued)
Net Investment Gains (Losses)
Components of Net Investment Gains (Losses)
The components of net investment gains (losses) were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities $(38)$— $(140)$(23)
Equity securities(2)(2)(14)1 
Mortgage loans2 (5)(1)(6)
Limited partnerships and LLCs(4)— (21)1 
Other(3)(9)(3)(9)
Total net investment gains (losses)$(45)$(16)$(179)$(36)
Gains (losses) from foreign currency transactions included within net investment gains (losses) were ($1) million and ($22) million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $1 million for both the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Sales or Disposals of Fixed Maturity Securities
Investment gains and losses on sales of securities are determined on a specific identification basis. Proceeds from sales or disposals of fixed maturity securities and the components of fixed maturity securities net investment gains (losses) were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Proceeds$1,146 $1,928 $5,261 $4,167 
Gross investment gains$1 $23 $47 $64 
Gross investment losses(38)(22)(181)(79)
Net investment gains (losses)$(37)$1 $(134)$(15)
5. Derivatives
Accounting for Derivatives
See Notes 1 and 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 Annual Report for a description of the Company’s accounting policies for derivatives and the fair value hierarchy for derivatives.
Types of Derivative Instruments and Derivative Strategies
The Company maintains an overall risk management strategy that incorporates the use of derivative instruments to minimize its exposure to various market risks. Commonly used derivative instruments include, but are not necessarily limited to:
•Interest rate derivatives: swaps, floors, caps, swaptions, futures and forwards;
•Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives: forwards and swaps;
•Equity market derivatives: options, total return swaps and variance swaps; and
•Credit derivatives: single and index reference credit default swaps and swaptions.
For detailed information on these contracts and the related strategies, see Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 Annual Report.
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Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
5. Derivatives (continued)
Primary Risks Managed by Derivatives
The primary underlying risk exposure, gross notional amount and estimated fair value of derivatives held were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Primary Underlying Risk ExposureGross
Notional
Amount		Estimated Fair ValueGross
Notional
Amount		Estimated Fair Value
AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
(In millions)
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate forwardsInterest rate$90 $— $17 $180 $30 $— 
Foreign currency swapsForeign currency exchange rate4,050 885 8 3,282 229 22 
Total qualifying hedges4,140 885 25 3,462 259 22 
Derivatives Not Designated or Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate swapsInterest rate3,900 156 54 2,595 325 17 
Interest rate floorsInterest rate2,250 7 2 — — — 
Interest rate capsInterest rate5,350 182 5 5,100 29 4 
Interest rate optionsInterest rate 20,438 41 189 8,050 83 — 
Interest rate forwardsInterest rate15,969 33 2,550 9,808 627 109 
Foreign currency swapsForeign currency exchange rate836 209 — 967 96 21 
Foreign currency forwardsForeign currency exchange rate423 — 6 483 3 4 
Credit default swaps — writtenCredit1,869 7 11 1,724 39 1 
Credit default swaptionsCredit— — — 150 — — 
Equity index optionsEquity market17,053 696 350 24,692 1,155 877 
Equity variance swapsEquity market281 9 1 281 9 1 
Equity total return swapsEquity market33,069 1,515 1,519 32,719 493 588 
Hybrid optionsEquity market— — — 900 8 — 
Total non-designated or non-qualifying derivatives101,438 2,855 4,687 87,469 2,867 1,622 
Embedded derivatives:
Ceded guaranteed minimum income benefitsOtherN/A129 — N/A186 — 
Direct index-linked annuitiesOtherN/A— 2,034 N/A— 6,211 
Direct guaranteed minimum benefitsOtherN/A— 1,720 N/A— 1,848 
Assumed index-linked annuitiesOtherN/A— 308 N/A— 437 
Total embedded derivativesN/A129 4,062 N/A186 8,496 
Total$105,578 $3,869 $8,774 $90,931 $3,312 $10,140 
Based on gross notional amounts, a substantial portion of the Company’s derivatives was not designated or did not qualify as part of a hedging relationship at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company’s use of derivatives includes (i) derivatives that serve as macro hedges of the Company’s exposure to various risks and generally do not qualify for hedge accounting because they do not meet the criteria required under portfolio hedging rules; (ii) derivatives that economically hedge insurance liabilities and generally do not qualify for hedge accounting because they do not meet the criteria of being “highly effective” as outlined in Accounting Standards Codification 815 — Derivatives and Hedging; (iii) derivatives that economically hedge embedded derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting because the changes in estimated fair value of the embedded derivatives are already recorded in net income; and (iv) written credit default swaps that are used to create synthetic credit investments and that do not qualify for hedge accounting because they do not involve a hedging relationship.
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Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
5. Derivatives (continued)
The amount and location of gains (losses), including earned income, recognized for derivatives and gains (losses) pertaining to hedged items presented in net derivative gains (losses) were as follows:
Net Derivative Gains (Losses) Recognized for DerivativesNet Derivative Gains (Losses) Recognized for Hedged ItemsNet Investment IncomeAmount of Gains (Losses) Deferred in AOCI
(In millions)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate$— $— $1 $(8)
Foreign currency exchange rate8 (6)17 341 
Total cash flow hedges8 (6)18 333 
Derivatives Not Designated or Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate(1,233)— — — 
Foreign currency exchange rate99 (23)— — 
Credit5 — — — 
Equity market40 — — — 
Embedded694 — — — 
Total non-qualifying hedges(395)(23)— — 
Total$(387)$(29)$18 $333 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate$— $— $1 $3 
Foreign currency exchange rate— — 9 101 
Total cash flow hedges— — 10 104 
Derivatives Not Designated or Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate(6)— — — 
Foreign currency exchange rate34 (1)— — 
Credit3 — — — 
Equity market(48)— — — 
Embedded74 — — — 
Total non-qualifying hedges57 (1)— — 
Total$57 $(1)$10 $104 
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
5. Derivatives (continued)
Net Derivative Gains (Losses) Recognized for DerivativesNet Derivative Gains (Losses) Recognized for Hedged ItemsNet Investment IncomeAmount of Gains (Losses) Deferred in AOCI
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate$4 $— $3 $(49)
Foreign currency exchange rate9 (8)42 666 
Total cash flow hedges13 (8)45 617 
Derivatives Not Designated or Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate(3,671)— — — 
Foreign currency exchange rate212 (62)— — 
Credit(27)— — — 
Equity market768 — — — 
Embedded4,605 — — — 
Total non-qualifying hedges1,887 (62)— — 
Total$1,900 $(70)$45 $617 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate$1 $— $3 $(30)
Foreign currency exchange rate8 (3)25 180 
Total cash flow hedges9 (3)28 150 
Derivatives Not Designated or Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate(1,196)— — — 
Foreign currency exchange rate45 — — — 
Credit14 — — — 
Equity market(496)— — — 
Embedded(505)— — — 
Total non-qualifying hedges(2,138)— — — 
Total$(2,129)$(3)$28 $150 
At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the maximum length of time over which the Company was hedging its exposure to variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions was one year and two years, respectively.
At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the balance in AOCI associated with cash flow hedges was $930 million and $329 million, respectively.
Credit Derivatives
In connection with synthetically created credit investment transactions, the Company writes credit default swaps for which it receives a premium to insure credit risk. If a credit event occurs, as defined by the contract, the contract may be cash settled or it may be settled gross by the Company paying the counterparty the specified swap notional amount in exchange for the delivery of par quantities of the referenced credit obligation.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
5. Derivatives (continued)
The estimated fair value, maximum amount of future payments and weighted average years to maturity of written credit default swaps were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Rating Agency Designation of Referenced Credit Obligations (1)Estimated
Fair Value
of Credit
Default
Swaps		Maximum
Amount of
Future
Payments under
Credit Default
Swaps		Weighted
Average
Years to
Maturity (2)		Estimated
Fair Value
of Credit
Default
Swaps		Maximum
Amount of
Future
Payments under
Credit Default
Swaps		Weighted
Average
Years to
Maturity (2)
(Dollars in millions)
Aaa/Aa/A$5 $664 2.1$12 $589 2.4
Baa(8)1,177 5.227 1,131 5.0
Ba1 24 4.2— — 0.0
Caa and Lower(2)4 3.2(1)4 4.0
Total$(4)$1,869 4.1$38 $1,724 4.1
_______________
(1)The Company has written credit protection on both single name and index references. The rating agency designations are based on availability and the midpoint of the applicable ratings among Moody’s, S&P and Fitch. If no rating is available from a rating agency, then an internally developed rating is used.
(2)The weighted average years to maturity of the credit default swaps is calculated based on weighted average gross notional amounts.
Counterparty Credit Risk
The Company may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of counterparty nonperformance on derivative instruments. Generally, the credit exposure is the fair value at the reporting date less any collateral received from the counterparty.
The Company manages its credit risk by: (i) entering into derivative transactions with creditworthy counterparties governed by master netting agreements; (ii) trading through regulated exchanges and central clearing counterparties; (iii) obtaining collateral, such as cash and securities, when appropriate; and (iv) setting limits on single party credit exposures which are subject to periodic management review.
See Note 6 for a description of the impact of credit risk on the valuation of derivatives.
The estimated fair values of net derivative assets and net derivative liabilities after the application of master netting agreements and collateral were as follows at:
Gross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Gross Amount RecognizedFinancial Instruments (1)Collateral Received/Pledged (2)Net AmountSecurities Collateral Received/Pledged (3)Net Amount After Securities Collateral
(In millions)
September 30, 2022
Derivative assets$3,821 $(2,172)$(1,535)$114 $(29)$85 
Derivative liabilities $4,744 $(2,172)$(4)$2,568 $(2,566)$2 
December 31, 2021
Derivative assets$3,128 $(1,155)$(1,494)$479 $(413)$66 
Derivative liabilities $1,632 $(1,155)$— $477 $(477)$— 
_______________
(1)Represents amounts subject to an enforceable master netting agreement or similar agreement.
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Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
5. Derivatives (continued)
(2)The amount of cash collateral offset in the table above is limited to the net estimated fair value of derivatives after application of netting agreement.
(3)Securities collateral received from counterparties is not reported on the consolidated balance sheets and may not be sold or re-pledged unless the counterparty is in default. Amounts do not include excess of collateral pledged or received.
The Company’s collateral arrangements generally require the counterparty in a net liability position, after considering the effect of netting agreements, to pledge collateral when the amount owed by that counterparty reaches a minimum transfer amount. Certain of these arrangements also include credit-contingent provisions which permit the party with positive fair value to terminate the derivative at the current fair value or demand immediate full collateralization from the party in a net liability position, in the event that the financial strength or credit rating of the party in a net liability position falls below a certain level.
The aggregate estimated fair values of derivatives in a net liability position containing such credit-contingent provisions and the aggregate estimated fair value of assets posted as collateral for such instruments were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(In millions)
Estimated fair value of derivatives in a net liability position (1)$2,572 $477 
Estimated Fair Value of Collateral Provided (2):
Fixed maturity securities$4,583 $839 
_______________
(1)After taking into consideration the existence of netting agreements.
(2)Substantially all of the Company’s collateral arrangements provide for daily posting of collateral for the full value of the derivative contract. As a result, if the credit-contingent provisions of derivative contracts in a net liability position were triggered, minimal additional assets would be required to be posted as collateral or needed to settle the instruments immediately. Additionally, the Company is required to pledge initial margin for certain new over-the-counter (“OTC”) bilateral contracts between two counterparties (“OTC-bilateral”) derivative transactions to third party custodians.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
6. Fair Value
Considerable judgment is often required in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value, and the use of different assumptions or valuation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy are presented in the tables below. Investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value and are measured at net asset value (or equivalent) as a practical expedient to estimated fair value are excluded from the fair value hierarchy.
September 30, 2022
Fair Value HierarchyTotal Estimated
Fair Value
Level 1Level 2Level 3
(In millions)
Assets
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. corporate$— $31,100 $1,038 $32,138 
Foreign corporate— 9,623 517 10,140 
U.S. government and agency3,949 4,453 — 8,402 
RMBS— 7,832 27 7,859 
CMBS— 6,597 19 6,616 
State and political subdivision— 3,831 — 3,831 
ABS— 4,910 293 5,203 
Foreign government— 1,047 35 1,082 
Total fixed maturity securities3,949 69,393 1,929 75,271 
Equity securities36 36 28 100 
Short-term investments673 457 — 1,130 
Derivative assets: (1)
Interest rate— 419 — 419 
Foreign currency exchange rate— 1,043 51 1,094 
Credit— 1 6 7 
Equity market— 2,211 9 2,220 
Total derivative assets— 3,674 66 3,740 
Embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (2)— — 129 129 
Separate account assets39 81,797 — 81,836 
Total assets$4,697 $155,357 $2,152 $162,206 
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities: (1)
Interest rate$— $2,817 $— $2,817 
Foreign currency exchange rate— 14 — 14 
Credit— 8 3 11 
Equity market— 1,869 1 1,870 
Total derivative liabilities— 4,708 4 4,712 
Embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (2)— — 4,062 4,062 
Total liabilities$— $4,708 $4,066 $8,774 
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
6. Fair Value (continued)
December 31, 2021
Fair Value HierarchyTotal Estimated
Fair Value
Level 1Level 2Level 3
(In millions)
Assets
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. corporate$— $38,176 $905 $39,081 
Foreign corporate— 11,212 494 11,706 
U.S. government and agency3,236 6,071 — 9,307 
RMBS— 9,247 12 9,259 
CMBS— 7,239 43 7,282 
State and political subdivision— 4,835 — 4,835 
ABS— 4,115 165 4,280 
Foreign government— 1,806 26 1,832 
Total fixed maturity securities3,236 82,701 1,645 87,582 
Equity securities27 61 13 101 
Short-term investments1,503 336 2 1,841 
Derivative assets: (1)
Interest rate— 1,094 — 1,094 
Foreign currency exchange rate— 318 10 328 
Credit— 27 12 39 
Equity market— 1,649 16 1,665 
Total derivative assets— 3,088 38 3,126 
Embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (2)— — 186 186 
Separate account assets41 114,423 — 114,464 
Total assets$4,807 $200,609 $1,884 $207,300 
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities: (1)
Interest rate$— $130 $— $130 
Foreign currency exchange rate— 47 — 47 
Credit— — 1 1 
Equity market— 1,465 1 1,466 
Total derivative liabilities— 1,642 2 1,644 
Embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (2)— — 8,496 8,496 
Total liabilities$— $1,642 $8,498 $10,140 
_______________
(1)Derivative assets are presented within other invested assets on the consolidated balance sheets and derivative liabilities are presented within other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The amounts are presented gross in the tables above to reflect the presentation on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Embedded derivatives within asset host contracts are presented within premiums, reinsurance and other receivables on the consolidated balance sheets. Embedded derivatives within liability host contracts are presented within policyholder account balances on the consolidated balance sheets.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
6. Fair Value (continued)
Valuation Controls and Procedures
The Company monitors and provides oversight of valuation controls and policies for securities, mortgage loans and derivatives, which are primarily executed by its valuation service providers. The valuation methodologies used to determine fair values prioritize the use of observable market prices and market-based parameters and determines that judgmental valuation adjustments, when applied, are based upon established policies and are applied consistently over time. The valuation methodologies for securities, mortgage loans and derivatives are reviewed on an ongoing basis and revised when necessary. In addition, the Chief Accounting Officer periodically reports to the Audit Committee of Brighthouse Financial’s Board of Directors regarding compliance with fair value accounting standards.
The fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities is based on quoted market prices, where available. Prices received are assessed to determine if they represent a reasonable estimate of fair value. Several controls are performed, including certain monthly controls, which include, but are not limited to, analysis of portfolio returns to corresponding benchmark returns, comparing a sample of executed prices of securities sold to the fair value estimates, reviewing the bid/ask spreads to assess activity, comparing prices from multiple independent pricing services and ongoing due diligence to confirm that independent pricing services use market-based parameters. The process includes a determination of the observability of inputs used in estimated fair values received from independent pricing services or brokers by assessing whether these inputs can be corroborated by observable market data. Independent non-binding broker quotes, also referred to herein as “consensus pricing,” are used for a non-significant portion of the portfolio. Prices received from independent brokers are assessed to determine if they represent a reasonable estimate of fair value by considering such pricing relative to the current market dynamics and current pricing for similar financial instruments.
A formal process is also applied to challenge any prices received from independent pricing services that are not considered representative of estimated fair value. If prices received from independent pricing services are not considered reflective of market activity or representative of estimated fair value, independent non-binding broker quotations are obtained. If obtaining an independent non-binding broker quotation is unsuccessful, the last available price will be used.
Additional controls are performed, such as, balance sheet analytics to assess reasonableness of period-to-period pricing changes, including any price adjustments. Price adjustments are applied if prices or quotes received from independent pricing services or brokers are not considered reflective of market activity or representative of estimated fair value. The Company did not have significant price adjustments during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Determination of Fair Value
Fixed Maturity Securities
The fair values for actively traded marketable bonds, primarily U.S. government and agency securities, are determined using the quoted market prices and are classified as Level 1 assets. For fixed maturity securities classified as Level 2 assets, fair values are determined using either a market or income approach and are valued based on a variety of observable inputs as described below.
U.S. corporate and foreign corporate securities: Fair value is determined using third-party commercial pricing services, with the primary inputs being quoted prices in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, spreads off benchmark yields, new issuances, issuer rating, trades of identical or comparable securities, or duration. Privately-placed securities are valued using the additional key inputs: market yield curve, call provisions, observable prices and spreads for similar public or private securities that incorporate the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer, and delta spread adjustments to reflect specific credit-related issues.
U.S. government and agency, state and political subdivision and foreign government securities: Fair value is determined using third-party commercial pricing services, with the primary inputs being quoted prices in markets that are not active, benchmark U.S. Treasury yield or other yields, spread off the U.S. Treasury yield curve for the identical security, issuer ratings and issuer spreads, broker-dealer quotes, and comparable securities that are actively traded.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
6. Fair Value (continued)
Structured Securities: Fair value is determined using third-party commercial pricing services, with the primary inputs being quoted prices in markets that are not active, spreads for actively traded securities, spreads off benchmark yields, expected prepayment speeds and volumes, current and forecasted loss severity, ratings, geographic region, weighted average coupon and weighted average maturity, average delinquency rates and debt-service coverage ratios. Other issuance-specific information is also used, including, but not limited to, collateral type, structure of the security, vintage of the loans, payment terms of the underlying asset, payment priority within tranche, and deal performance.
Equity Securities and Short-term Investments
The fair value for actively traded equity securities and short-term investments are determined using quoted market prices and are classified as Level 1 assets. For financial instruments classified as Level 2 assets, fair values are determined using a market approach and are valued based on a variety of observable inputs as described below.
Equity securities and short-term investments: Fair value is determined using third-party commercial pricing services, with the primary input being quoted prices in markets that are not active.
Derivatives
Derivatives are financial instruments with values derived from interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, credit spreads and/or other financial indices. Derivatives may be exchange-traded or contracted in the OTC market. Certain of the Company’s OTC derivatives are cleared and settled through central clearing counterparties (“OTC-cleared”), while others are OTC-bilateral.
The fair values for exchange-traded derivatives are determined using the quoted market prices and are classified as Level 1 assets. For OTC-bilateral derivatives and OTC-cleared derivatives classified as Level 2 assets or liabilities, fair values are determined using the income approach. Valuations of non-option-based derivatives utilize present value techniques, whereas valuations of option-based derivatives utilize option pricing models which are based on market standard valuation methodologies and a variety of observable inputs.
The significant inputs to the pricing models for most OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives are inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. Certain OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives may rely on inputs that are significant to the estimated fair value that are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. These unobservable inputs may involve significant management judgment or estimation. Even though unobservable, these inputs are based on assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances and management believes they are consistent with what other market participants would use when pricing such instruments.
Most inputs for OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives are mid-market inputs but, in certain cases, liquidity adjustments are made when they are deemed more representative of exit value. Market liquidity, as well as the use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs, may have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the Company’s derivatives and could materially affect net income.
The credit risk of both the counterparty and the Company are considered in determining the estimated fair value for all OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives, and any potential credit adjustment is based on the net exposure by counterparty after taking into account the effects of netting agreements and collateral arrangements. The Company values its OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives using standard swap curves which may include a spread to the risk-free rate, depending upon specific collateral arrangements. This credit spread is appropriate for those parties that execute trades at pricing levels consistent with similar collateral arrangements. As the Company and its significant derivative counterparties generally execute trades at such pricing levels and hold sufficient collateral, additional credit risk adjustments are not currently required in the valuation process. The Company’s ability to consistently execute at such pricing levels is in part due to the netting agreements and collateral arrangements that are in place with all of its significant derivative counterparties. An evaluation of the requirement to make additional credit risk adjustments is performed by the Company each reporting period.
Embedded Derivatives
Embedded derivatives principally include certain direct and ceded variable annuity guarantees and equity crediting rates within index-linked annuity contracts. Embedded derivatives are recorded at estimated fair value with changes in estimated fair value reported in net income.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
6. Fair Value (continued)
The Company issues certain variable annuity products with guaranteed minimum benefits. Guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMAB”), the non-life contingent portion of GMWBs and certain portions of GMIBs are accounted for as embedded derivatives and measured at estimated fair value separately from the host variable annuity contract. These embedded derivatives are classified within policyholder account balances on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in estimated fair value reported in net derivative gains (losses).
The Company determines the fair value of these embedded derivatives by estimating the present value of projected future benefits minus the present value of projected future fees using actuarial and capital markets assumptions including expectations of policyholder behavior. The calculation is based on in-force business and is performed using standard actuarial valuation software which projects future cash flows from the embedded derivative over multiple risk neutral stochastic scenarios using observable risk-free rates. The percentage of fees included in the initial fair value measurement is not updated in subsequent periods.
Capital markets assumptions, such as risk-free rates and implied volatilities, are based on market prices for publicly-traded instruments to the extent that prices for such instruments are observable. Implied volatilities beyond the observable period are extrapolated based on observable implied volatilities and historical volatilities. Actuarial assumptions, including mortality, lapse, withdrawal and utilization, are unobservable and are reviewed at least annually based on actuarial studies of historical experience.
The valuation of these guarantee liabilities includes nonperformance risk adjustments and adjustments for a risk margin related to non-capital markets inputs. The nonperformance adjustment is determined by taking into consideration publicly available information relating to spreads in the secondary market for BHF’s debt. These observable spreads are then adjusted to reflect the priority of these liabilities and claims-paying ability of the issuing insurance subsidiaries as compared to BHF’s overall financial strength.
Risk margins are established to capture the non-capital markets risks of the instrument which represent the additional compensation a market participant would require to assume the risks related to the uncertainties of such actuarial assumptions as annuitization, premium persistency, partial withdrawal and surrenders. The establishment of risk margins requires the use of significant management judgment, including assumptions of the amount and cost of capital needed to cover the guarantees.
The Company issues and assumes through reinsurance index-linked annuities which allow the policyholder to participate in returns from equity indices. The crediting rates associated with these features are embedded derivatives which are measured at estimated fair value separately from the host fixed annuity contract, with changes in estimated fair value reported in net derivative gains (losses). These embedded derivatives are classified within policyholder account balances on the consolidated balance sheets.
The estimated fair value of crediting rates associated with index-linked annuities is determined using a combination of an option pricing model and an option-budget approach. The valuation of these embedded derivatives also includes the establishment of a risk margin, as well as changes in nonperformance risk.
Transfers Into or Out of Level 3:
Assets and liabilities are transferred into Level 3 when a significant input cannot be corroborated with market observable data. This occurs when market activity decreases significantly and underlying inputs cannot be observed, current prices are not available, and/or when there are significant variances in quoted prices, thereby affecting transparency. Assets and liabilities are transferred out of Level 3 when circumstances change such that a significant input can be corroborated with market observable data. This may be due to a significant increase in market activity, a specific event, or one or more significant input(s) becoming observable.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
6. Fair Value (continued)
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Certain quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement, and the sensitivity of the estimated fair value to changes in those inputs, for the more significant asset and liability classes measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021Impact of
Increase in Input
on Estimated
Fair Value
Valuation TechniquesSignificant
Unobservable Inputs		RangeRange
Embedded derivatives
Direct, assumed and ceded guaranteed minimum benefits •Option pricing techniques•Mortality rates0.03%-12.62%0.03%-12.62%Decrease (1)
•Lapse rates0.30%-14.50%0.30%-14.50%Decrease (2)
•Utilization rates0.00%-25.00%0.00%-25.00%Increase (3)
•Withdrawal rates0.25%-10.00%0.25%-10.00%(4)
•Long-term equity volatilities16.46%-22.01%16.44%-22.16%Increase (5)
•Nonperformance risk spread0.00%-2.23%(0.38)%-1.49%Decrease (6)
_______________
(1)Mortality rates vary by age and by demographic characteristics such as gender. The range shown reflects the mortality rate for policyholders between 35 and 90 years old, which represents the majority of the business with living benefits. Mortality rate assumptions are set based on company experience and include an assumption for mortality improvement.
(2)The range shown reflects base lapse rates for major product categories for duration 1-20, which represents majority of business with living benefit riders. Base lapse rates are adjusted at the contract level based on a comparison of the actuarially calculated guaranteed values and the current policyholder account value, as well as other factors, such as the applicability of any surrender charges. A dynamic lapse function reduces the base lapse rate when the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value as in-the-money contracts are less likely to lapse. Lapse rates are also generally assumed to be lower in periods when a surrender charge applies.
(3)The utilization rate assumption estimates the percentage of contract holders with a GMIB or lifetime withdrawal benefit who will elect to utilize the benefit upon becoming eligible in a given year. The range shown represents the floor and cap of the GMIB dynamic election rates across varying levels of in-the-money. For lifetime withdrawal guarantee riders, the assumption is that everyone will begin withdrawals once account value reaches zero which is equivalent to a 100% utilization rate. Utilization rates may vary by the type of guarantee, the amount by which the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value, the contract’s withdrawal history and by the age of the policyholder.
(4)The withdrawal rate represents the percentage of account balance that any given policyholder will elect to withdraw from the contract each year. The withdrawal rate assumption varies by age and duration of the contract, and also by other factors such as benefit type. For any given contract, withdrawal rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. For GMWBs, any increase (decrease) in withdrawal rates results in an increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of the guarantees. For GMABs and GMIBs, any increase (decrease) in withdrawal rates results in a decrease (increase) in the estimated fair value.
(5)Long-term equity volatilities represent equity volatility beyond the period for which observable equity volatilities are available. For any given contract, long-term equity volatility rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative.
(6)Nonperformance risk spread varies by duration. For any given contract, multiple nonperformance risk spreads will apply, depending on the duration of the cash flow being discounted for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
6. Fair Value (continued)
The Company does not develop unobservable inputs used in measuring fair value for all other assets and liabilities classified within Level 3; therefore, these are not included in the table above. The other Level 3 assets and liabilities primarily included fixed maturity securities and derivatives. For fixed maturity securities valued based on non-binding broker quotes, an increase (decrease) in credit spreads would result in a higher (lower) fair value. For derivatives valued based on third-party pricing models, an increase (decrease) in credit spreads would generally result in a higher (lower) fair value.
The changes in assets and (liabilities) measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) were summarized as follows:
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Corporate (1)Structured SecuritiesForeign
Government		Equity
Securities		Short-term
Investments		Net
Derivatives (2)		Net Embedded
Derivatives (3)		Separate
Account Assets (4)
(In millions)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Balance, beginning of period
$1,710 $345 $40 $27 $— $38 $(4,445)$— 
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (5) (6)
— — — 1 — 3 694 — 
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
(108)(11)(4)— — 21 — — 
Purchases (7)278 125 — — — — — — 
Sales (7)(22)(1)(1)— — — — — 
Issuances (7)— — — — — — — — 
Settlements (7)— — — — — — (182)— 
Transfers into Level 3 (8)16 19 — — — — — — 
Transfers out of Level 3 (8)(319)(138)— — — — — — 
Balance, end of period$1,555 $339 $35 $28 $— $62 $(3,933)$— 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Balance, beginning of period
$889 $217 $12 $3 $— $20 $(7,715)$— 
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (5) (6)
— — — — — (6)74 — 
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
(8)— — — — 3 — — 
Purchases (7)305 195 — — — 22 — — 
Sales (7)(14)(5)— — — — — — 
Issuances (7)— — — — — — — — 
Settlements (7)— — — — — — 45 — 
Transfers into Level 3 (8)227 8 — — — — — — 
Transfers out of Level 3 (8)(106)(149)(12)— — — — — 
Balance, end of period$1,293 $266 $— $3 $— $39 $(7,596)$— 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2022 (9)
$— $— $— $1 $— $3 $589 $— 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in OCI for the instruments still held at September 30, 2022 (9)
$(109)$(11)$(4)$— $— $21 $— $— 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2021 (9)
$— $— $— $— $— $(5)$258 $— 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in OCI for the instruments still held at September 30, 2021 (9)
$(8)$— $— $— $— $3 $— $— 
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
6. Fair Value (continued)
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Corporate (1)Structured SecuritiesForeign
Government		Equity
Securities		Short-term
Investments		Net
Derivatives (2)		Net Embedded
Derivatives (3)		Separate
Account Assets (4)
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Balance, beginning of period
$1,399 $220 $26 $13 $2 $36 $(8,310)$— 
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (5) (6)
(6)— — 1 — (11)4,605 — 
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
(286)(23)(13)— — 36 — — 
Purchases (7)760 230 5 14 — 1 — — 
Sales (7)(159)(12)(2)— (2)— — — 
Issuances (7)— — — — — — — — 
Settlements (7)— — — — — — (228)— 
Transfers into Level 3 (8)31 25 19 — — — — — 
Transfers out of Level 3 (8)(184)(101)— — — — — — 
Balance, end of period$1,555 $339 $35 $28 $— $62 $(3,933)$— 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Balance, beginning of period
$688 $67 $— $3 $— $2 $(6,874)$3 
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (5) (6)
— — — — — 10 (505)— 
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI
(9)— — — — 12 — — 
Purchases (7)695 239 — — — 20 — — 
Sales (7)(53)(21)— — — (6)— — 
Issuances (7)— — — — — — — — 
Settlements (7)— — — — — — (217)— 
Transfers into Level 3 (8)174 14 — — — — — — 
Transfers out of Level 3 (8)(202)(33)— — — 1 — (3)
Balance, end of period$1,293 $266 $— $3 $— $39 $(7,596)$— 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2022 (9)
$— $— $— $1 $— $(4)$4,590 $— 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in OCI for the instruments still held at September 30, 2022 (9)
$(288)$(23)$(13)$— $— $36 $— $— 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2021 (9)
$— $— $— $— $— $(3)$(302)$— 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in OCI for the instruments still held at September 30, 2021 (9)
$(9)$1 $— $— $— $12 $— $— 
_______________
(1)Comprised of U.S. and foreign corporate securities.
(2)Freestanding derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward.
(3)Embedded derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward.
(4)Investment performance related to separate account assets is fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to contract holders within separate account liabilities. Therefore, such changes in estimated fair value are not recorded in net income (loss). For the purpose of this disclosure, these changes are presented within net investment gains (losses).
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
6. Fair Value (continued)
(5)Amortization of premium/accretion of discount is included within net investment income. Changes in the allowance for credit losses and direct write-offs are charged to net income (loss) on securities are included in net investment gains (losses). Lapses associated with net embedded derivatives are included in net derivative gains (losses). Substantially all realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for net derivatives and net embedded derivatives are reported in net derivative gains (losses).
(6)Interest and dividend accruals, as well as cash interest coupons and dividends received, are excluded from the rollforward.
(7)Items purchased/issued and then sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. Fees attributed to embedded derivatives are included in settlements.
(8)Gains and losses, in net income (loss) and OCI, are calculated assuming transfers into and/or out of Level 3 occurred at the beginning of the period. Items transferred into and then out of Level 3 in the same period are excluded from the rollforward.
(9)Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for fixed maturities are reported in either net investment income or net investment gains (losses). Substantially all changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for net derivatives and net embedded derivatives are reported in net derivative gains (losses).
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Other Than Fair Value
The following tables provide fair value information for financial instruments that are carried on the balance sheet at amounts other than fair value. These tables exclude the following financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, accrued investment income and payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions. The estimated fair value of the excluded financial instruments, which are primarily classified in Level 2, approximates carrying value as they are short-term in nature such that the Company believes there is minimal risk of material changes in interest rates or credit quality. All remaining balance sheet amounts excluded from the tables below are not considered financial instruments subject to this disclosure.
The carrying values and estimated fair values for such financial instruments, and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows at:
September 30, 2022
Fair Value Hierarchy
Carrying
Value		Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Estimated
Fair Value
(In millions)
Assets
Mortgage loans$22,089 $— $— $19,956 $19,956 
Policy loans$1,274 $— $509 $881 $1,390 
Other invested assets$188 $— $176 $12 $188 
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables$4,957 $— $115 $5,053 $5,168 
Liabilities
Policyholder account balances$29,522 $— $— $28,653 $28,653 
Long-term debt$3,156 $— $2,595 $— $2,595 
Other liabilities$1,106 $— $401 $705 $1,106 
Separate account liabilities$991 $— $991 $— $991 
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
6. Fair Value (continued)
December 31, 2021
Fair Value Hierarchy
Carrying
Value		Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Estimated
Fair Value
(In millions)
Assets
Mortgage loans$19,850 $— $— $20,656 $20,656 
Policy loans$1,264 $— $508 $1,148 $1,656 
Other invested assets$82 $— $70 $12 $82 
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables$3,242 $— $20 $3,749 $3,769 
Liabilities
Policyholder account balances$23,637 $— $— $23,614 $23,614 
Long-term debt$3,157 $— $3,504 $— $3,504 
Other liabilities$854 $— $138 $716 $854 
Separate account liabilities$1,440 $— $1,440 $— $1,440 
7. Long-term Debt
On April 15, 2022, BHF entered into a new revolving credit agreement with respect to a new $1.0 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility maturing April 15, 2027 (the “2022 Revolving Credit Facility”), all of which may be used for revolving loans or letters of credit. The 2022 Revolving Credit Facility refinanced and replaced BHF’s former $1.0 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility that was scheduled to mature May 7, 2024. At September 30, 2022, there were no borrowings or letters of credit outstanding under the 2022 Revolving Credit Facility.
8. Equity
Preferred Stock
Preferred stock shares authorized, issued and outstanding were as follows at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
Shares AuthorizedShares IssuedShares Outstanding
6.600% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A
17,000 17,000 17,000 
6.750% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series B
16,100 16,100 16,100 
5.375% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series C
23,000 23,000 23,000 
4.625% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series D
14,000 14,000 14,000 
Not designated99,929,900 — — 
Total100,000,000 70,100 70,100 
The per share and aggregate dividend declared for BHF’s preferred stock by series was as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
SeriesPer ShareAggregatePer ShareAggregatePer Share AggregatePer ShareAggregate
(In millions, except per share data)
A$412.50 $7 $412.50 $7 $1,237.50 $21 $1,237.50 $21 
B$421.88 7 $421.88 7 $1,265.64 21 $1,265.64 21 
C$335.94 7 $335.94 8 $1,007.82 23 $1,138.46 26 
D$289.06 4 $— — $973.17 13 $— — 
Total$25 $22 $78 $68 
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
8. Equity (continued)
Common Stock Repurchase Program
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, BHF repurchased 8,194,191 and 7,603,089 shares, respectively, of its common stock through open market purchases pursuant to 10b5-1 plans for $395 million and $341 million, respectively. At September 30, 2022, BHF had $386 million remaining under its common stock repurchase program.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Information regarding changes in the balances of each component of AOCI was as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Unrealized
Investment Gains
(Losses), Net of
Related Offsets (1)		Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on Derivatives		Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustments		Defined Benefit Plans AdjustmentTotal
(In millions)
Balance at June 30, 2022$(3,495)$478 $(32)$(42)$(3,091)
OCI before reclassifications(4,850)333 (24)1 (4,540)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) (2)1,095 (146)5 — 954 
AOCI before reclassifications, net of income tax(7,250)665 (51)(41)(6,677)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI60 (9)— — 51 
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) (2)(13)2 — — (11)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of income tax47 (7)— — 40 
Balance at September 30, 2022$(7,203)$658 $(51)$(41)$(6,637)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Unrealized
Investment Gains
(Losses), Net of
Related Offsets (1)		Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on Derivatives		Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustments		Defined Benefit Plans AdjustmentTotal
(In millions)
Balance at June 30, 2021$4,506 $142 $(13)$(39)$4,596 
OCI before reclassifications(499)104 10 — (385)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) (2)104 (22)(2)1 81 
AOCI before reclassifications, net of income tax4,111 224 (5)(38)4,292 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(2)(1)— — (3)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) (2)1 — — — 1 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of income tax(1)(1)— — (2)
Balance at September 30, 2021
$4,110 $223 $(5)$(38)$4,290 
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
8. Equity (continued)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Unrealized
Investment Gains
(Losses), Net of
Related Offsets (1)		Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on Derivatives		Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustments		Defined Benefit Plans AdjustmentTotal
(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2021
$3,982 $238 $(7)$(41)$4,172 
OCI before reclassifications(14,411)617 (56)(3)(13,853)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) (2)3,081 (184)12 1 2,910 
AOCI before reclassifications, net of income tax(7,348)671 (51)(43)(6,771)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI184 (16)— 2 170 
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) (2)(39)3 — — (36)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of income tax145 (13)— 2 134 
Balance at September 30, 2022
$(7,203)$658 $(51)$(41)$(6,637)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Unrealized
Investment Gains
(Losses), Net of
Related Offsets (1)		Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on Derivatives		Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustments		Defined Benefit Plans AdjustmentTotal
(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2020
$5,646 $115 $(8)$(37)$5,716 
OCI before reclassifications(1,962)150 4 (2)(1,810)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) (2)412 (32)(1)2 381 
AOCI before reclassifications, net of income tax4,096 233 (5)(37)4,287 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI17 (12)— (1)4 
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) (2)(3)2 — — (1)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of income tax14 (10)— (1)3 
Balance at September 30, 2021
$4,110 $223 $(5)$(38)$4,290 
__________________
(1)See Note 4 for information on offsets to investments related to future policy benefits, DAC, VOBA and DSI.
(2)The effects of income taxes on amounts recorded to AOCI are also recognized in AOCI. These income tax effects are released from AOCI when the related activity is reclassified into results from operations.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
8. Equity (continued)
Information regarding amounts reclassified out of each component of AOCI was as follows:
AOCI ComponentsAmounts Reclassified from AOCIConsolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Locations
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses):
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)$(39)$1 $(133)$(14)Net investment gains (losses)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)(21)1 (51)(3)Net derivative gains (losses)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses), before income tax(60)2 (184)(17)
Income tax (expense) benefit13 (1)39 3 
Net unrealized investment gains (losses), net of income tax(47)1 (145)(14)
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives - cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps— — 4 1 Net derivative gains (losses)
Interest rate swaps1 1 3 3 Net investment income
Foreign currency swaps8 — 9 8 Net derivative gains (losses)
Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, before income tax9 1 16 12 
Income tax (expense) benefit(2)— (3)(2)
Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, net of income tax7 1 13 10 
Defined benefit plans adjustment:
Amortization of net actuarial gains (losses)— — (2)1 
Amortization of defined benefit plans, before income tax— — (2)1 
Income tax (expense) benefit— — — — 
Amortization of defined benefit plans, net of income tax— — (2)1 
Total reclassifications, net of income tax$(40)$2 $(134)$(3)
9. Other Revenues and Other Expenses
Other Revenues
The Company has entered into contracts with mutual funds, fund managers, and their affiliates (collectively, the “Funds”) whereby the Company is paid monthly or quarterly fees (“12b-1 fees”) for providing certain services to customers and distributors of the Funds. The 12b-1 fees are generally equal to a fixed percentage of the average daily balance of the customer’s investment in a fund. The percentage is specified in the contract between the Company and the Funds. Payments are generally collected when due and are neither refundable nor able to offset future fees.
To earn these fees, the Company performs services such as responding to phone inquiries, maintaining records, providing information to distributors and shareholders about fund performance and providing training to account managers and sales agents. The passage of time reflects the satisfaction of the Company’s performance obligations to the Funds and is used to recognize revenue associated with 12b-1 fees.
Other revenues consisted primarily of 12b-1 fees of $70 million and $226 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $91 million and $270 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, of which substantially all were reported in the Annuities segment.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
9. Other Revenues and Other Expenses (continued)
Other Expenses
Information on other expenses was as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Compensation$89 $96 $254 $284 
Contracted services and other labor costs73 67 197 197 
Transition services agreements15 32 44 93 
Establishment costs21 25 47 71 
Premium and other taxes, licenses and fees13 12 41 39 
Separate account fees98 129 314 381 
Volume related costs, excluding compensation, net of DAC capitalization130 160 374 503 
Interest expense on debt38 41 114 122 
Other18 17 211 59 
Total other expenses$495 $579 $1,596 $1,749 
10. Earnings Per Common Share
The calculation of earnings per common share was as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2022202120222021
 (In millions, except share and per share data)
Net income (loss) available to Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s common shareholders$(702)$361 $868 $(239)
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic71,517,500 82,701,032 74,294,329 85,256,761 
Dilutive effect of share-based awards— 543,955 482,846 — 
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted71,517,500 83,244,987 74,777,175 85,256,761 
Earnings per common share:
Basic$(9.82)$4.37 $11.68 $(2.80)
Diluted$(9.82)$4.34 $11.61 $(2.80)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2021, weighted average shares used for calculating diluted earnings per common share excludes 187,371 of out-of-the-money stock options, as the inclusion of such shares would be antidilutive to the earnings per common share calculation due to the average share price for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2021.
For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2021, basic loss per common share equaled diluted loss per common share. The diluted shares were not utilized in the per share calculation for these periods as the inclusion of such shares would have an antidilutive effect.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
11. Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees
Contingencies
Litigation
The Company is a defendant in a number of litigation matters. In some of the matters, large or indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages, are sought. Modern pleading practice in the U.S. permits considerable variation in the assertion of monetary damages or other relief. Jurisdictions may permit claimants not to specify the monetary damages sought or may permit claimants to state only that the amount sought is sufficient to invoke the jurisdiction of the trial court. In addition, jurisdictions may permit plaintiffs to allege monetary damages in amounts well exceeding reasonably possible verdicts in the jurisdiction for similar matters. This variability in pleadings, together with the actual experience of the Company in litigating or resolving through settlement numerous claims over an extended period of time, demonstrates to management that the monetary relief which may be specified in a lawsuit or claim bears little relevance to its merits or disposition value.
The Company also receives and responds to subpoenas or other inquiries seeking a broad range of information from various state and federal regulators, agencies and officials. The issues involved in information requests and regulatory matters vary widely, but can include inquiries or investigations concerning the Company’s compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and regulations. The Company cooperates in these inquiries.
Due to the vagaries of litigation, the outcome of a litigation matter and the amount or range of potential loss at particular points in time may normally be difficult to ascertain. Uncertainties can include how fact finders will evaluate documentary evidence and the credibility and effectiveness of witness testimony, and how trial and appellate courts will apply the law in the context of the pleadings or evidence presented, whether by motion practice, or at trial or on appeal. Disposition valuations are also subject to the uncertainty of how opposing parties and their counsel will themselves view the relevant evidence and applicable law.
The Company establishes liabilities for litigation and regulatory loss contingencies when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. It is possible that some matters could require the Company to pay damages or make other expenditures or establish accruals in amounts that could not be estimated at September 30, 2022.
Matters as to Which an Estimate Can Be Made
For some loss contingency matters, the Company is able to estimate a reasonably possible range of loss. For such matters where a loss is believed to be reasonably possible, but not probable, no accrual has been made. In addition to amounts accrued for probable and reasonably estimable losses, as of September 30, 2022, the Company estimates the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses to be up to approximately $10 million.
Matters as to Which an Estimate Cannot Be Made
For other matters, the Company is not currently able to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss. The Company is often unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support an assessment of the range of possible loss, such as quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from other parties and investigation of factual allegations, rulings by the court on motions or appeals, analysis by experts, and the progress of settlement negotiations. On a quarterly and annual basis, the Company reviews relevant information with respect to litigation contingencies and updates its accruals, disclosures and estimates of reasonably possible losses or ranges of loss based on such reviews.
Sales Practices Claims
Over the past several years, the Company has faced claims and regulatory inquiries and investigations, alleging improper marketing or sales of individual life insurance policies, annuities or other products. The Company continues to defend vigorously against the claims in these matters. The Company believes adequate provision has been made in its consolidated financial statements for all probable and reasonably estimable losses for sales practices matters.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
11. Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees (continued)
Cost of Insurance Class Actions
Richard A. Newton v. Brighthouse Life Insurance Company (U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division, filed May 8, 2020). Plaintiff has filed a purported class action lawsuit against Brighthouse Life Insurance Company. Plaintiff was the owner of a universal life insurance policy issued by Travelers Insurance Company, a predecessor to Brighthouse Life Insurance Company. Plaintiff seeks to certify a class of all persons who own or owned life insurance policies issued where the terms of the life insurance policy provide or provided, among other things, a guarantee that the cost of insurance rates would not be increased by more than a specified percentage in any contract year. Plaintiff alleges, among other things, causes of action for breach of contract, fraud, suppression and concealment, and violation of the Georgia Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. Plaintiff seeks to recover damages, including punitive damages, interest and treble damages, attorneys’ fees, and injunctive and declaratory relief. Brighthouse Life Insurance Company filed a motion to dismiss in June 2020, which was granted in part and denied in part in March 2021. Plaintiff was granted leave to amend the complaint. The Company intends to vigorously defend this matter.
Lawrence Martin v. Brighthouse Life Insurance Company (U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, filed April 6, 2021). Plaintiff has filed a purported class action lawsuit against Brighthouse Life Insurance Company. Plaintiff is the owner of a universal life insurance policy issued by Travelers Insurance Company, a predecessor to Brighthouse Life Insurance Company. Plaintiff seeks to certify a class of similarly situated owners of universal life insurance policies issued or administered by defendants and alleges that cost of insurance charges should have decreased over time due to improving mortality but did not. Plaintiff alleges, among other things, causes of action for breach of contract, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and unjust enrichment. Plaintiff seeks to recover compensatory damages, attorney’s fees, interest, and equitable relief including a constructive trust. Brighthouse Life Insurance Company filed a motion to dismiss in June 2021, which was denied in February 2022. Brighthouse Life Insurance Company of NY was initially named as a defendant when the lawsuit was filed, but was dismissed as a defendant, without prejudice, in April 2022. The Company intends to vigorously defend this matter.
Summary
Various litigations, claims and assessments against the Company, in addition to those discussed previously and those otherwise provided for in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, have arisen in the course of the Company’s business, including, but not limited to, in connection with its activities as an insurer, investor and taxpayer. Further, state insurance regulatory authorities and other federal and state authorities regularly make inquiries and conduct investigations concerning the Company’s compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and regulations.
It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all pending investigations and legal proceedings. In some of the matters referred to previously, large or indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages, are sought. Although, in light of these considerations, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain cases could have a material effect upon the Company’s financial position, based on information currently known by the Company’s management, in its opinion, the outcomes of such pending investigations and legal proceedings are not likely to have such an effect. However, given the large or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters and the inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated net income or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.
Other Loss Contingencies
As with litigation and regulatory loss contingencies, the Company considers establishing liabilities for loss contingencies associated with disputes or other matters involving third parties, including counterparties to contractual arrangements entered into by the Company (e.g., third-party vendors and reinsurers), as well as with tax authorities (“other loss contingencies”). The Company establishes liabilities for such other loss contingencies when it is probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In matters where it is not probable, but is reasonably possible that a loss will be incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated, such losses or range of losses are disclosed, and no accrual is made. In the absence of sufficient information to support an assessment of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss, no accrual is made and no loss or range of loss is disclosed.
In the matters where the Company’s subsidiaries are acting as the reinsured or the reinsurer, such matters involve assertions by third parties primarily related to rates, fees or reinsured benefit calculations, and in certain of such matters, the counterparty has made a request to arbitrate.
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Brighthouse Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)
11. Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees (continued)
On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews relevant information with respect to other loss contingencies and, when applicable, updates its accruals, disclosures and estimates of reasonably possible losses or ranges of loss based on such reviews.
As of September 30, 2022, the Company estimates the range of reasonably possible losses in excess of the amounts accrued for certain other loss contingencies to be from zero up to approximately $125 million, which are primarily associated with the reinsurance-related matters described above. For certain other matters, the Company may not currently be able to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support an assessment of such loss. During the second quarter of 2022, the Company settled a reinsurance-related matter with a third party for $140 million, which is reported in other expenses.
Commitments
Mortgage Loan Commitments
The Company commits to lend funds under mortgage loan commitments. The amounts of these mortgage loan commitments were $439 million and $719 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Commitments to Fund Partnership Investments, Bank Credit Facilities and Private Corporate Bond Investments
The Company commits to fund partnership investments and to lend funds under bank credit facilities and private corporate bond investments. The amounts of these unfunded commitments were $2.2 billion and $2.3 billion at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Guarantees
In the normal course of its business, the Company has provided certain indemnities, guarantees and commitments to third parties such that it may be required to make payments now or in the future. In the context of acquisition, disposition, investment and other transactions, the Company has provided indemnities and guarantees, including those related to tax, environmental and other specific liabilities and other indemnities and guarantees that are triggered by, among other things, breaches of representations, warranties or covenants provided by the Company. In addition, in the normal course of business, the Company provides indemnifications to counterparties in contracts with triggers similar to the foregoing, as well as for certain other liabilities, such as third-party lawsuits. These obligations are often subject to time limitations that vary in duration, including contractual limitations and those that arise by operation of law, such as applicable statutes of limitation. In some cases, the maximum potential obligation under the indemnities and guarantees is subject to a contractual limitation ranging from less than $1 million to $112 million, with a cumulative maximum of $118 million, while in other cases such limitations are not specified or applicable. Since certain of these obligations are not subject to limitations, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount that could become due under these guarantees in the future. Management believes that it is unlikely the Company will have to make any material payments under these indemnities, guarantees, or commitments.
In addition, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers as provided in its charters and bylaws. Also, the Company indemnifies its agents for liabilities incurred as a result of their representation of the Company’s interests. Since these indemnities are generally not subject to limitation with respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount that could become due under these indemnities in the future.
The Company’s recorded liabilities were $1 million at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 for indemnities, guarantees and commitments.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Index to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Page
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For purposes of this discussion, “Brighthouse Financial,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Brighthouse Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries, and “BHF” refers solely to Brighthouse Financial, Inc., the ultimate holding company for all of our subsidiaries, and not to any of its subsidiaries. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with (i) the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included elsewhere herein; (ii) our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 24, 2022 (the “2021 Annual Report”); (iii) our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 (the “First Quarter Form 10-Q”) filed with the SEC on May 10, 2022; (iv) our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 (the “Second Quarter Form 10-Q” and, together with the First Quarter Form 10-Q, the “Quarterly Reports”) filed with the SEC on August 5, 2022; and (v) our current reports on Form 8-K filed in 2022.
Introduction
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of Brighthouse Financial for the periods indicated. Prior to discussing our results of operations, we present information that we believe is useful to understanding the discussion of our financial results. This information precedes our results of operations discussion and is most beneficial when read in the sequence presented. A summary of key informational sections is as follows:
•“Executive Summary” provides summarized information regarding our business, segments and financial results.
•“Industry Trends and Uncertainties” discusses updates and changes to a number of trends and uncertainties included in our 2021 Annual Report that we believe may materially affect our future financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, including from the COVID-19 pandemic.
•“Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates” explains the most critical estimates and judgments applied in determining our results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
•“Non-GAAP and Other Financial Disclosures” defines key financial measures presented in our results of operations discussion that are not calculated in accordance with GAAP but are used by management in evaluating company and segment performance. As described in this section, adjusted earnings is presented by key business activities which are derived from, but different than, the line items presented in the GAAP statement of operations. This section also refers to certain other terms used to describe our insurance business and financial and operating metrics but is not intended to be exhaustive.
Executive Summary
We are one of the largest providers of annuity and life insurance products in the U.S. through multiple independent distribution channels and marketing arrangements with a diverse network of distribution partners. We are organized into three segments: (i) Annuities, (ii) Life and (iii) Run-off, which consists of products that are no longer actively sold and are separately managed. In addition, we report certain of our results of operations in Corporate & Other.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of Brighthouse Financial for the periods indicated. See “Business — Segments and Corporate & Other” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Executive Summary” included in our 2021 Annual Report, as well as Note 2 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding our segments and Corporate & Other.
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Net income (loss) available to shareholders and adjusted earnings, a non-GAAP financial measure, were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Income (loss) available to shareholders before provision for income tax
$(895)$466 $1,070 $(329)
Less: Provision for income tax expense (benefit)(193)105 202 (90)
Net income (loss) available to shareholders (1)$(702)$361 $868 $(239)
Pre-tax adjusted earnings, less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and preferred stock dividends
$116 $577 $496 $1,579 
Less: Provision for income tax expense (benefit)19 127 81 309 
Adjusted earnings$97 $450 $415 $1,270 
__________________
(1)We use the term “net income (loss) available to shareholders” to refer to “net income (loss) available to Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s common shareholders” throughout the results of operations discussions.
For the three months ended September 30, 2022, we had a net loss available to shareholders of $702 million and adjusted earnings of $97 million compared to net income available to shareholders of $361 million and adjusted earnings of $450 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Net loss available to shareholders for the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily reflects net unfavorable changes in the estimated fair value of our guaranteed minimum living benefits (“GMLB”) riders (“GMLB Riders”) due to increasing long-term interest rates resulting in an unfavorable change in the estimated fair value of freestanding interest rate derivatives we use to hedge our variable annuity and universal life with secondary guarantees (“ULSG”) business. These unfavorable impacts were partially offset by favorable changes to the estimated fair value of embedded derivative liabilities associated with Shield Level Annuities (“Shield liabilities”), which was driven by lower equity markets and favorable pre-tax adjusted earnings.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we had net income available to shareholders of $868 million and adjusted earnings of $415 million compared to a net loss available to shareholders of $239 million and adjusted earnings of $1.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Net income available to shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily reflects net favorable changes in the estimated fair value of our GMLB Riders due to market factors and favorable pre-tax adjusted earnings. These favorable impacts were partially offset by increasing long-term interest rates resulting in an unfavorable change in the estimated fair value of freestanding interest rate derivatives we use to hedge our ULSG business.
See “— Non-GAAP and Other Financial Disclosures.” See “— Results of Operations” for a detailed discussion of our results.
Industry Trends and Uncertainties
Throughout this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, we discuss a number of trends and uncertainties that we believe may materially affect our future financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Where these trends or uncertainties are specific to a particular aspect of our business, we often include such a discussion under the relevant caption of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, as part of our broader analysis of that area of our business. Refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Industry Trends and Uncertainties” included in our 2021 Annual Report for a comprehensive discussion of some of the key general trends and uncertainties that have influenced the development of our business and our historical financial performance and that we believe will continue to influence our business and results of operations in the future. In addition, significant changes or updates in certain of these trends and uncertainties are discussed below.
Financial and Economic Environment
Our business and results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the capital markets and the economy generally. Stressed conditions, volatility and disruptions in the capital markets or financial asset classes can have an adverse effect on us. Equity market performance can affect our profitability for variable annuities and other separate account products
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as a result of the effects it has on product demand, revenues, expenses, reserves and our risk management effectiveness. The level of long-term interest rates and the shape of the yield curve can have a negative effect on the profitability for variable annuities and the demand for, and the profitability of, spread-based products such as fixed annuities, index-linked annuities and universal life insurance. Low interest rates and risk premium, including credit spread, affect new money rates on invested assets and the cost of product guarantees. Insurance premium growth and demand for our products is impacted by the general health of U.S. economic activity. A sustained or material increase in inflation could also affect our business in several ways. During inflationary periods, the value of fixed income investments falls which could increase realized and unrealized losses. Interest rates have increased and may continue to increase due to central bank policy responses to combat inflation, which may positively impact our business in certain respects, but could also increase the risk of a recession or an equity market downturn and could negatively impact various portions of our business, including our investment portfolio. Inflation also increases our expenses (including, among others, for labor and third-party services), potentially putting pressure on profitability if such costs cannot be passed through to policyholders in our product prices. Prolonged and elevated inflation could adversely affect the financial markets and the economy generally and dispelling it may require governments to pursue a restrictive fiscal and monetary policy, which could constrain overall economic activity and inhibit revenue growth.
We continue to closely monitor political and economic conditions that might contribute to market volatility and its impact on our business operations, investment portfolio and derivatives, such as global inflation, supply chain disruptions, the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic. See “— Investments — Current Environment” herein, as well as “Risk Factors — Economic Environment and Capital Markets-Related Risks,” “Risk Factors — Investments-Related Risks,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management Strategies,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Industry Trends and Uncertainties” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Investments” included in our 2021 Annual Report for a detailed discussion of financial and economic impacts on our business, including the potential impacts of interest rate risk and inflation risk on our investments and overall business.
COVID-19 Pandemic
We continue to closely monitor developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has negatively impacted us in certain respects. At this time, it continues to not be possible to estimate (i) the severity or duration of the pandemic, including the severity, duration and frequency of any additional “waves” or emerging variants of COVID-19 or (ii) the efficacy or utilization of any therapeutic treatments and vaccines for COVID-19 or variants thereof. It likewise remains not possible to predict or estimate the longer-term effects of the pandemic, or any actions taken to contain or address the pandemic, on the economy at large and on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, including the impact on our investment portfolio and our ratings, or the need for us in the future to revisit or revise any targets we may provide to the markets or any aspects of our business model. See “Business — Regulation,” “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, including our capitalization and liquidity” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Industry Trends and Uncertainties — COVID-19 Pandemic” included in our 2021 Annual Report, as well as “— Investments — Current Environment — Selected Sector Investments,” “— Investments — Mortgage Loans — Loan Modifications Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic” and Note 4 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Regulatory Developments
Our insurance subsidiaries and Brighthouse Reinsurance Company of Delaware (“BRCD”) are regulated primarily at the state level, with some products and services also subject to federal regulation. In addition, BHF and its insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulation under the insurance holding company laws of various U.S. jurisdictions. Furthermore, some of our operations, products and services are subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, consumer protection laws, securities, broker-dealer and investment advisor regulations, as well as environmental and unclaimed property laws and regulations. See “Business — Regulation,” as well as “Risk Factors — Regulatory and Legal Risks” included in our 2021 Annual Report, as amended or supplemented by our subsequent Quarterly Reports under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Industry Trends and Uncertainties — Regulatory Developments.”
Federal Tax Reform
On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law by President Biden. The Inflation Reduction Act establishes a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax (“CAMT”) for corporations whose average annual adjusted financial statement income for any consecutive three–tax year period ending after December 31, 2021 and preceding the tax year
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exceeds $1 billion. The Inflation Reduction Act also establishes a one percent excise tax on stock repurchases made by publicly traded U.S. corporations. Both provisions are effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022.
The U.S. Department of Treasury is expected to issue further guidance regarding the CAMT. Accordingly, the Company is currently unable to assess the applicability of the CAMT or the potential impact the CAMT may have on the Company’s financial statements. The excise tax for stock repurchases will be applicable to any net repurchases of the Company’s common or preferred stock made after December 31, 2022. It is possible that the CAMT could result in an additional tax liability over the regular federal corporate tax liability in a given year based on differences between book and taxable income (including as a result of temporary differences). The CAMT could result in our incurring materially higher federal income taxes.
New York Regulation 47
In August 2022, the New York Department of Financial Services (“NYDFS”) amended Insurance Regulation 47 (as amended, “Regulation 47”), which implemented new requirements for certain annuity products. Certain sections of Regulation 47 will be effective as of January 1, 2023, with the remainder effective January 1, 2024. The regulation is likely to open the New York market to new competitors and will impact some components of our current product designs. We continue to assess the impact of these new factors on our sales in New York. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to our Business — Factors affecting our competitiveness may adversely affect our market share or profitability” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to our Business — We may experience difficulty in marketing and distributing products through our distribution channels” in our 2021 Annual Report.
New York Regulation 187
In July 2018, the NYDFS amended Insurance Regulation 187 (as amended, “Regulation 187”), adopting a “best interest” standard for the sale of annuities and life insurance products in New York. Regulation 187 generally requires that an insurance producer or insurer consider only a consumer’s best interest, and not the financial interests of the producer or insurer, in making a recommendation as to which life insurance or annuity product a consumer should purchase. In addition, Regulation 187 imposes a best interest standard on consumer in-force transactions. We have assessed the impact to our annuity and life insurance businesses and have adopted certain changes to promote compliance with the provisions by their respective effective dates. On April 29, 2021, the Appellate Division of the New York State Supreme Court overturned the amendment to Regulation 187 for being unconstitutionally vague, and the NYDFS filed an appeal to the New York Court of Appeals on May 27, 2021. On October 20, 2022, the New York Court of Appeals held that the amendment to Regulation 187 is constitutional, which leaves Regulation 187 in effect.
Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to adopt accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported on the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The most critical estimates include those used in determining:
•liabilities for future policy benefits;
•amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”);
•estimated fair values of freestanding derivatives and the recognition and estimated fair value of embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation; and
•measurement of income taxes and the valuation of deferred tax assets.
In applying our accounting policies, we make subjective and complex judgments that frequently require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. Many of these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in the insurance and financial services industries; others are specific to our business and operations. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
The above critical accounting estimates are described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates” and Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2021 Annual Report.
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Non-GAAP and Other Financial Disclosures
Our definitions of non-GAAP and other financial measures may differ from those used by other companies.
Non-GAAP Financial Disclosures
Adjusted Earnings
In this report, we present adjusted earnings as a measure of our performance that is not calculated in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted earnings is used by management to evaluate performance and facilitate comparisons to industry results. We believe the presentation of adjusted earnings, as the Company measures it for management purposes, enhances the understanding of our performance by the investor community by highlighting the results of operations and the underlying profitability drivers of our business. Adjusted earnings should not be viewed as a substitute for net income (loss) available to Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s common shareholders, which is the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. See “— Results of Operations” for a reconciliation of adjusted earnings to net income (loss) available to Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s common shareholders.
Adjusted earnings, which may be positive or negative, focuses on our primary businesses by excluding the impact of market volatility, which could distort trends.
The following are significant items excluded from total revenues in calculating adjusted earnings:
•Net investment gains (losses);
•Net derivative gains (losses) except earned income and amortization of premium on derivatives that are hedges of investments or that are used to replicate certain investments, but do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment (“Investment Hedge Adjustments”); and
•Certain variable annuity guaranteed minimum income benefits (“GMIB”) fees (“GMIB Fees”).
The following are significant items excluded from total expenses in calculating adjusted earnings:
•Amounts associated with benefits related to GMIBs (“GMIB Costs”);
•Amounts associated with periodic crediting rate adjustments based on the total return of a contractually referenced pool of assets (“Market Value Adjustments”); and
•Amortization of DAC and value of business acquired (“VOBA”) related to (i) net investment gains (losses), (ii) net derivative gains (losses) and (iii) GMIB Fees and GMIB Costs.
The tax impact of the adjustments discussed above is calculated net of the statutory tax rate, which could differ from our effective tax rate.
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We present adjusted earnings in a manner consistent with management’s view of the primary business activities that drive the profitability of our core businesses. The following table illustrates how each component of adjusted earnings is calculated from the GAAP statement of operations line items:
Component of Adjusted EarningsHow Derived from GAAP (1)
(i)Fee income(i)
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees (excluding (a) unearned revenue adjustments related to net investment gains (losses) and net derivative gains (losses) and (b) GMIB Fees) plus Other revenues and amortization of deferred gain on reinsurance.
(ii)Net investment spread(ii)
Net investment income plus Investment Hedge Adjustments and interest received on ceded fixed annuity reinsurance deposit funds reduced by Interest credited to policyholder account balances and interest on future policy benefits.
(iii)Insurance-related activities(iii)
Premiums less Policyholder benefits and claims (excluding (a) GMIB Costs, (b) Market Value Adjustments, (c) interest on future policy benefits and (d) amortization of deferred gain on reinsurance) plus the pass through of performance of ceded separate account assets.
(iv)Amortization of DAC and VOBA(iv)
Amortization of DAC and VOBA (excluding amounts related to (a) net investment gains (losses), (b) net derivative gains (losses) and (c) GMIB Fees and GMIB Costs).
(v)Other expenses, net of DAC capitalization(v)
Other expenses reduced by capitalization of DAC.
(vi)Provision for income tax expense (benefit)(vi)Tax impact of the above items.
__________________
(1)Italicized items indicate GAAP statement of operations line items.
Consistent with GAAP guidance for segment reporting, adjusted earnings is also our GAAP measure of segment performance. Accordingly, we report adjusted earnings by segment in Note 2 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Adjusted Net Investment Income
We present adjusted net investment income, which is not calculated in accordance with GAAP. We present adjusted net investment income to measure our performance for management purposes, and we believe it enhances the understanding of our investment portfolio results. Adjusted net investment income represents net investment income, including Investment Hedge Adjustments. For a reconciliation of adjusted net investment income to net investment income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, see footnote 3 to the summary yield table located in “— Investments — Current Environment — Investment Portfolio Results.”
Other Financial Disclosures
Similar to adjusted net investment income, we present net investment income yields as a performance measure we believe enhances the understanding of our investment portfolio results. Net investment income yields are calculated on adjusted net investment income as a percentage of average quarterly asset carrying values. Asset carrying values exclude unrealized gains (losses), collateral received in connection with our securities lending program, freestanding derivative assets and collateral received from derivative counterparties. Investment fee and expense yields are calculated as investment fees and expenses as a percentage of average quarterly asset estimated fair values. Asset estimated fair values exclude collateral received in connection with our securities lending program, freestanding derivative assets and collateral received from derivative counterparties.
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Results of Operations
Annual Actuarial Review
We typically conduct our annual actuarial review (“AAR”) in the third quarter of each year. As a result of the 2022 AAR, we increased the long-term general account earned rate, driven by an increase in our mean reversion rate from 3.00% to 3.50%, which had the largest impact on our ULSG business. For our variable annuity business, in addition to the update in the long-term general account earned rate, we updated fund allocations, market volatility and maintenance expenses, as well as assumptions regarding policyholder behavior, including mortality, lapses and withdrawals. For our life business, in addition to the update in the long-term general account earned rate, we updated assumptions regarding policyholder behavior, including mortality, premium persistency, lapses, withdrawals, as well as maintenance expenses.
In 2021, the most significant impact from our AAR was updating assumptions regarding policyholder behavior, including mortality, premium persistency, lapses, withdrawals and maintenance expenses. This update had the largest impact on our ULSG business. We also increased our long-term general account earned rate, while maintaining our mean reversion rate at 3.00%. For our variable annuity business, we updated our annuitization and separate account assumptions, including fund fees, allocations and volatility, in addition to the policyholder behavior assumptions noted above.
The following table presents the impact of the AAR on income (loss) available to shareholders before provision for income tax for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The impact related to GMLBs is included in income (loss) available to shareholders before provision for income tax, but is not included in pre-tax adjusted earnings. See “— Non-GAAP and Other Financial Disclosures.”
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20222021
(In millions)
GMLBs$(94)$(42)
Included in pre-tax adjusted earnings:
Other annuity business(57)4 
Life business(6)4 
Run-off162 (113)
Total included in pre-tax adjusted earnings99 (105)
Total impact on income (loss) available to shareholders before provision for income tax$5 $(147)
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Consolidated Results for the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021
Unless otherwise noted, all amounts in the following discussions of our results of operations are stated before income tax except for adjusted earnings, which are presented net of income tax.
 Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2022202120222021
 (In millions)
Revenues
Premiums$162 $193 $495 $539 
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees783 881 2,408 2,730 
Net investment income877 1,281 3,089 3,680 
Other revenues121 117 376 345 
Net investment gains (losses)(45)(16)(179)(36)
Net derivative gains (losses)(416)56 1,830 (2,132)
Total revenues1,482 2,512 8,019 5,126 
Expenses
Policyholder benefits and claims1,246 1,112 3,260 2,620 
Interest credited to policyholder account balances430 413 1,039 997 
Capitalization of DAC(104)(126)(328)(360)
Amortization of DAC and VOBA179 (82)972 17 
Interest expense on debt38 41 114 122 
Other expenses561 664 1,810 1,987 
Total expenses2,350 2,022 6,867 5,383 
Income (loss) before provision for income tax(868)490 1,152 (257)
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)(193)105 202 (90)
Net income (loss)(675)385 950 (167)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests2 2 4 4 
Net income (loss) attributable to Brighthouse Financial, Inc.(677)383 946 (171)
Less: Preferred stock dividends25 22 78 68 
Net income (loss) available to Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s common shareholders
$(702)$361 $868 $(239)
The components of net income (loss) available to shareholders were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
 (In millions)
GMLB Riders$(590)$(198)$2,132 $(1,484)
Other derivative instruments(400)109 (1,451)(404)
Net investment gains (losses)(45)(16)(179)(36)
Other adjustments24 (6)72 16 
Pre-tax adjusted earnings, less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and preferred stock dividends
116 577 496 1,579 
Income (loss) available to shareholders before provision for income tax(895)466 1,070 (329)
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)(193)105 202 (90)
Net income (loss) available to shareholders
$(702)$361 $868 $(239)
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Loss available to shareholders before provision for income tax was $895 million ($702 million, net of income tax), a decrease of $1.4 billion ($1.1 billion, net of income tax) from income available to shareholders before provision for income tax of $466 million ($361 million, net of income tax) in the prior period.
The decrease in income before provision for income tax was driven by the following unfavorable items:
•the unfavorable impact of long-term benchmark interest rates on interest rate derivatives used to manage interest rate exposure in our ULSG business, as the long-term benchmark interest rate increased in the current period and decreased in the prior period;
•lower pre-tax adjusted earnings, as discussed in greater detail below; and
•losses from GMLB Riders, see “— GMLB Riders for the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.”
The provision for income tax, expressed as a percentage of income (loss) before provision for income tax, resulted in an effective tax rate of 22% in the current period compared to 21% in the prior period. The increase in the effective tax rate was driven by lower pre-tax adjusted earnings, as discussed in greater detail below. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impacts of the dividends received deduction and tax credits.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Income available to shareholders before provision for income tax was $1.1 billion ($868 million, net of income tax), an increase of $1.4 billion ($1.1 billion, net of income tax) from a loss available to shareholders before provision for income tax of $329 million ($239 million, net of income tax) in the prior period.
The increase in income before provision for income tax was driven by the following favorable item:
•gains from GMLB Riders, see “— GMLB Riders for the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.”
The increase in income before provision for income tax was partially offset by the following unfavorable items:
•lower pre-tax adjusted earnings, as discussed in greater detail below;
•the unfavorable impact of long-term benchmark interest rates on interest rate derivatives used to manage interest rate exposure in our ULSG business, as the long-term benchmark interest rate increased more in the current period than in the prior period; and
•net investment losses reflecting higher current period net losses on sales of fixed maturity securities, as well as net losses on limited partnerships and limited liability companies (“LLC”) and net mark-to-market losses on equity securities compared to prior period net gains.
The provision for income tax, expressed as a percentage of income (loss) before provision for income tax, resulted in an effective tax rate of 18% in the current period compared to 35% in the prior period. The decrease in the effective tax rate was driven by lower pre-tax adjusted earnings, as discussed in greater detail below. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impacts of the dividends received deduction, tax credits and current period non-recurring items.
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Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) Available to Shareholders to Adjusted Earnings
The reconciliation of net income (loss) available to shareholders to adjusted earnings was as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
AnnuitiesLifeRun-offCorporate & OtherTotal
(In millions)
Net income (loss) available to shareholders$(512)$— $(605)$415 $(702)
Add: Provision for income tax expense (benefit)23 (2)113 (327)(193)
Income (loss) available to shareholders before provision for income tax
(489)(2)(492)88 (895)
Less: GMLB Riders(590)— — — (590)
Less: Other derivative instruments(24)10 (459)73 (400)
Less: Net investment gains (losses)(26)(3)(27)11 (45)
Less: Other adjustments3 — 21 — 24 
Pre-tax adjusted earnings, less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and preferred stock dividends
148 (9)(27)4 116 
Less: Provision for income tax expense (benefit)23 (2)(6)4 19 
Adjusted earnings$125 $(7)$(21)$— $97 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
AnnuitiesLifeRun-offCorporate & OtherTotal
(In millions)
Net income (loss) available to shareholders$242 $117 $72 $(70)$361 
Add: Provision for income tax expense (benefit)96 31 17 (39)105 
Income (loss) available to shareholders before provision for income tax
338 148 89 (109)466 
Less: GMLB Riders(198)— — — (198)
Less: Other derivative instruments80 4 20 5 109 
Less: Net investment gains (losses)(17)4 24 (27)(16)
Less: Other adjustments(8)(1)3 — (6)
Pre-tax adjusted earnings, less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and preferred stock dividends
481 141 42 (87)577 
Less: Provision for income tax expense (benefit)96 31 4 (4)127 
Adjusted earnings$385 $110 $38 $(83)$450 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
AnnuitiesLifeRun-offCorporate & OtherTotal
(In millions)
Net income (loss) available to shareholders$2,680 $26 $(2,605)$767 $868 
Add: Provision for income tax expense (benefit)139 9 789 (735)202 
Income (loss) available to shareholders before provision for income tax
2,819 35 (1,816)32 1,070 
Less: GMLB Riders2,132 — — — 2,132 
Less: Other derivative instruments30 12 (1,628)135 (1,451)
Less: Net investment gains (losses)(105)(28)(63)17 (179)
Less: Other adjustments(17)— 89 — 72 
Pre-tax adjusted earnings, less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and preferred stock dividends
779 51 (214)(120)496 
Less: Provision for income tax expense (benefit)139 9 (45)(22)81 
Adjusted earnings$640 $42 $(169)$(98)$415 
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
AnnuitiesLifeRun-offCorporate & OtherTotal
(In millions)
Net income (loss) available to shareholders$(343)$223 $133 $(252)$(239)
Add: Provision for income tax expense (benefit)253 58 (297)(104)(90)
Income (loss) available to shareholders before provision for income tax
(90)281 (164)(356)(329)
Less: GMLB Riders(1,484)— — — (1,484)
Less: Other derivative instruments122 6 (537)5 (404)
Less: Net investment gains (losses)(41)(1)89 (83)(36)
Less: Other adjustments1 (2)17 — 16 
Pre-tax adjusted earnings, less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and preferred stock dividends
1,312 278 267 (278)1,579 
Less: Provision for income tax expense (benefit)253 58 31 (33)309 
Adjusted earnings$1,059 $220 $236 $(245)$1,270 
Consolidated Results for the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 — Adjusted Earnings
The components of adjusted earnings were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Fee income$843 $937 $2,602 $2,891 
Net investment spread291 690 1,551 2,150 
Insurance-related activities(529)(593)(1,654)(1,476)
Amortization of DAC and VOBA33 146 (325)(165)
Other expenses, net of DAC capitalization(495)(579)(1,596)(1,749)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and preferred stock dividends
27 24 82 72 
Pre-tax adjusted earnings, less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and preferred stock dividends
116 577 496 1,579 
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)19 127 81 309 
Adjusted earnings$97 $450 $415 $1,270 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Adjusted earnings were $97 million in the current period, a decrease of $353 million.
Key net unfavorable impacts were:
•lower net investment spread due to:
◦lower returns on other limited partnerships for the comparative measurement period;
partially offset by
◦higher average invested assets resulting from positive net flows in the general account; and
◦higher average invested long-term assets from funding agreements issued in connection with our institutional spread margin business;
•higher net amortization of DAC and VOBA due to:
◦an unfavorable impact resulting from changes in assumptions made in connection with the AAR in our Life and Annuities segments;
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◦an adjustment in the prior period related to modeling improvements resulting from an actuarial system conversion in our Annuities segment; and
◦the impact on future gross profits from lower separate account returns and unfavorable equity market performance in our Annuities segment;
partially offset by
◦an adjustment in the current period related to actuarial model refinements in Corporate & Other; and
•lower net fee income due to:
◦lower asset-based fees resulting from lower average separate account balances, a portion of which is offset in other expenses;
partially offset by
◦higher unearned revenue amortization resulting from changes made in connection with the AAR in our Life segment.
Key net favorable impacts were:
•lower other expenses due to:
◦lower asset-based variable annuity expenses resulting from lower average separate account balances, a portion of which is offset in fee income; and
◦lower transition services agreement expenses; and
•lower net costs associated with insurance-related activities due to:
◦a net decrease in liability balances resulting from changes made in connection with the AAR in our Run-off and Annuities segments; and
◦an adjustment in the current period related to actuarial model refinements in Corporate & Other;
partially offset by
◦an increase in guaranteed minimum death benefit (“GMDB”) liabilities resulting from unfavorable equity market performance; and
◦higher paid claims, net of reinsurance, in our Annuities, Run-off and Life segments.
The provision for income tax, expressed as a percentage of pre-tax adjusted earnings, resulted in an effective tax rate of 13% in the current period compared to 21% in the prior period. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impacts of the dividends received deduction, tax credits and current period non-recurring items.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Adjusted earnings were $415 million in the current period, a decrease of $855 million.
Key net unfavorable impacts were:
•lower net investment spread due to:
◦lower returns on other limited partnerships for the comparative measurement period; and
◦lower investment yields on our fixed income portfolio, as proceeds from maturing investments and the growth in the investment portfolio were invested at lower yields than the portfolio average;
partially offset by
◦higher average invested assets resulting from positive net flows in the general account;
◦higher average invested long-term assets from funding agreements issued in connection with our institutional spread margin business; and
◦higher returns on real estate limited partnerships and LLCs;
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•lower net fee income due to:
◦lower asset-based fees resulting from lower average separate account balances, a portion of which is offset in other expenses;
◦higher ceded cost of insurance fees consistent with unfavorable equity market returns in our Life segment, which is mostly offset in other expenses; and
◦an adjustment in the prior period related to modeling improvements resulting from an actuarial system conversion in our Life segment;
partially offset by
◦higher unearned revenue amortization resulting from changes made in connection with the AAR in our Life segment;
•higher net costs associated with insurance-related activities due to:
◦a net increase in GMDB liabilities resulting from unfavorable equity market performance;
◦higher paid claims, net of reinsurance, in our Annuities, Run-off and Life segments; and
◦higher liabilities in our ULSG business from the impact of new reinsurance agreements entered into in the current period;
partially offset by
◦a net decrease in liability balances resulting from changes made in connection with the AAR in our Run-off and Annuities segments;
◦an adjustment in the prior period related to modeling improvements resulting from an actuarial system conversion in our Run-off segment; and
◦an adjustment in the current period related to actuarial model refinements in Corporate & Other; and
•higher net amortization of DAC and VOBA due to:
◦the impact on future gross profits from lower separate account returns and unfavorable equity market performance;
◦an unfavorable impact resulting from changes in assumptions made in connection with the AAR in our Life and Annuities segments; and
◦an adjustment in the prior period related to modeling improvements resulting from an actuarial system conversion in our Annuities segment;
partially offset by
◦an adjustment in the current period related to actuarial model refinements in Corporate & Other.
Key net favorable impacts were:
•lower other expenses due to:
◦lower asset-based variable annuity expenses resulting from lower average separate account balances, a portion of which is mostly offset in fee income;
◦higher ceded cost of insurance expenses consistent with unfavorable equity market returns in our Life segment, which is offset in fee income;
◦lower transition services agreement expenses; and
◦lower deferred compensation and operational expenses;
partially offset by
◦the settlement of a reinsurance-related matter in the current period.
The provision for income tax, expressed as a percentage of pre-tax adjusted earnings, resulted in an effective tax rate of 14% in the current period compared to 19% in the prior period. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impacts of the dividends received deduction, tax credits and current period non-recurring items.
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Segments and Corporate & Other Results for the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 — Adjusted Earnings
Annuities
The components of adjusted earnings for our Annuities segment were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Fee income$606 $735 $1,930 $2,153 
Net investment spread225 224 865 857 
Insurance-related activities(370)(177)(697)(331)
Amortization of DAC and VOBA32 114 (262)(136)
Other expenses, net of DAC capitalization(345)(415)(1,057)(1,231)
Pre-tax adjusted earnings148 481 779 1,312 
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)23 96 139 253 
Adjusted earnings$125 $385 $640 $1,059 
A significant portion of our adjusted earnings is driven by separate account balances related to our variable annuity business. Most directly, these balances determine asset-based fee income, but they also impact DAC amortization and asset-based commissions. The changes in our variable annuities separate account balances are presented in the table below. Variable annuities separate account balances decreased for the three months and the nine months ended September 30, 2022, driven by unfavorable investment performance, negative net flows and policy charges.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 (1)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 (1)
(In millions)
Balance, beginning of period$81,633 $105,197 
Premiums and deposits232 1,046 
Withdrawals, surrenders and contract benefits(1,791)(5,746)
Net flows(1,559)(4,700)
Investment performance (4,410)(23,515)
Policy charges(587)(1,753)
Net transfers from (to) general account (22)(174)
Balance, end of period$75,055 $75,055 
Average balance$82,597 $89,272 
_______________
(1)Includes income annuities for which separate account balances at September 30, 2022 were $137 million.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Adjusted earnings were $125 million in the current period, a decrease of $260 million.
Key unfavorable impacts were:
•higher costs associated with insurance-related activities due to:
◦an increase in GMDB liabilities, partially offset by a favorable adjustment to deferred sales inducements (“DSI”), resulting primarily from changes in policyholder behavior and capital markets assumptions, as well as model refinements made in connection with the AAR;
◦an increase in GMDB liabilities resulting from unfavorable equity market performance; and
◦higher severity of GMDB claims;
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•lower asset-based fees resulting from lower average separate account balances, a portion of which is offset in other expenses; and
•higher amortization of DAC and VOBA due to:
◦an adjustment in the prior period related to modeling improvements resulting from an actuarial system conversion;
◦the impact on future gross profits from lower separate account returns and unfavorable equity market performance; and
◦an unfavorable impact resulting primarily from changes in policyholder behavior and capital markets assumptions, as well as model refinements made in connection with the AAR.
Key favorable impacts were:
•lower other expenses due to:
◦lower asset-based variable annuity expenses resulting from lower average separate account balances, a portion of which is offset in fee income;
◦lower transition services agreement expenses; and
◦lower deferred compensation expenses.
The provision for income tax, expressed as a percentage of pre-tax adjusted earnings, resulted in an effective tax rate of 16% in the current period compared to 20% in the prior period. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impacts of the dividends received deduction.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Adjusted earnings were $640 million in the current period, a decrease of $419 million.
Key unfavorable impacts were:
•higher costs associated with insurance-related activities due to:
◦a net increase in GMDB liabilities resulting from unfavorable equity market performance;
◦an increase in GMDB liabilities, partially offset by a favorable adjustment to DSI, resulting primarily from changes in policyholder behavior and capital markets assumptions, as well as model refinements made in connection with the AAR; and
◦higher volume and severity of GMDB claims;
•lower asset-based fees resulting from lower average separate account balances, a portion of which is offset in other expenses; and
•higher amortization of DAC and VOBA due to:
◦the impact on future gross profits from lower separate account returns and unfavorable equity market performance;
◦an adjustment in the prior period related to modeling improvements resulting from an actuarial system conversion; and
◦an unfavorable impact resulting primarily from changes in policyholder behavior and capital markets assumptions, as well as model refinements made in connection with the AAR.
Key favorable impacts were:
•lower other expenses due to:
◦lower asset-based variable annuity expenses resulting from lower average separate account balances, a portion of which is offset in fee income;
◦lower transition services agreement expenses; and
◦lower deferred compensation expenses.
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The provision for income tax, expressed as a percentage of pre-tax adjusted earnings, resulted in an effective tax rate of 18% in the current period compared to 19% in the prior period. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impact of the dividends received deduction.
Life
The components of adjusted earnings for our Life segment were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Fee income$68 $40 $178 $247 
Net investment spread(3)106 130 285 
Insurance-related activities(19)(5)(115)(107)
Amortization of DAC and VOBA(18)34 (77)(21)
Other expenses, net of DAC capitalization(37)(34)(65)(126)
Pre-tax adjusted earnings(9)141 51 278 
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)(2)31 9 58 
Adjusted earnings$(7)$110 $42 $220 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Adjusted earnings were a loss of $7 million in the current period, a decrease of $117 million.
Key unfavorable impacts were:
•lower net investment spread due to lower returns on other limited partnerships for the comparative measurement period;
•higher amortization of DAC and VOBA resulting primarily from changes in policyholder behavior and capital markets assumptions, as well as model refinements made in connection with the AAR; and
•higher costs associated with insurance-related activities due to higher paid claims, net of reinsurance.
Key favorable impacts were:
•higher fee income due to higher unearned revenue amortization resulting primarily from changes in policyholder behavior assumptions made in connection with the AAR.
The provision for income tax, expressed as a percentage of pre-tax adjusted earnings, resulted in an effective tax rate of 22% in both the current and prior periods. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impact of the dividends received deduction.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Adjusted earnings were $42 million in the current period, a decrease of $178 million.
Key net unfavorable impacts were:
•lower net investment spread due to lower returns on other limited partnerships for the comparative measurement period;
•lower net fee income due to:
◦higher ceded cost of insurance fees consistent with unfavorable equity market returns, which is mostly offset in other expenses;
◦an adjustment in the prior period related to modeling improvements resulting from an actuarial system conversion; and
◦higher ceded cost of insurance fees resulting from new reinsurance agreements entered into in the current period;
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partially offset by
◦higher unearned revenue amortization resulting primarily from changes in policyholder behavior assumptions made in connection with the AAR; and
•higher amortization of DAC and VOBA due to:
◦an unfavorable impact resulting primarily from changes in policyholder behavior and capital markets assumptions, as well as model refinements made in connection with the AAR; and
◦the impact on gross profits from lower separate account returns;
partially offset by
◦an adjustment in the prior period related to modeling improvements resulting from an actuarial system conversion.
Key favorable impacts were:
•lower other expenses due to:
◦higher ceded cost of insurance expenses consistent with unfavorable equity market returns, which is mostly offset in fee income;
◦lower transition services agreement expenses; and
◦lower deferred compensation and operational expenses.
The provision for income tax, expressed as a percentage of pre-tax adjusted earnings, resulted in an effective tax rate of 18% in the current period compared to 21% in the prior period. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impact of the dividends received deduction.
Run-off
The components of adjusted earnings for our Run-off segment were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Fee income$169 $162 $494 $491 
Net investment spread9 338 431 961 
Insurance-related activities(167)(413)(891)(1,050)
Amortization of DAC and VOBA— — — — 
Other expenses, net of DAC capitalization(38)(45)(248)(135)
Pre-tax adjusted earnings(27)42 (214)267 
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)(6)4 (45)31 
Adjusted earnings$(21)$38 $(169)$236 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Adjusted earnings were a loss of $21 million in the current period, a decrease of $59 million.
Key unfavorable impact was:
•lower net investment spread due to lower returns on other limited partnerships for the comparative measurement period.
Key net favorable impacts were:
•lower net costs associated with insurance-related activities, primarily in our ULSG business, due to:
◦a decrease in liability balances resulting primarily from changes in policyholder behavior and capital markets assumptions, as well as model refinements made in connection with the AAR;
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partially offset by
◦higher paid claims, net of reinsurance; and
•lower other expenses primarily due to lower transition services agreement expenses.
The provision for income tax, expressed as a percentage of pre-tax adjusted earnings, resulted in an effective tax rate of 22% in the current period compared to 10% in the prior period. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impact of the dividends received deduction.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Adjusted earnings were a loss of $169 million in the current period, a decrease of $405 million.
Key unfavorable impacts were:
•lower net investment spread due to:
◦lower returns on other limited partnerships for the comparative measurement period; and
◦lower investment yields on our fixed income portfolio, as proceeds from maturing investments and the growth in the investment portfolio were invested at lower yields than the portfolio average; and
•higher other expenses due to the settlement of a reinsurance-related matter in the current period.
Key net favorable impacts were:
•lower net costs associated with insurance-related activities, primarily in our ULSG business, due to:
◦a decrease in liability balances resulting primarily from changes in policyholder behavior and capital markets assumptions, as well as model refinements made in connection with the AAR; and
◦an adjustment in the prior period related to modeling improvements resulting from an actuarial system conversion;
partially offset by
◦higher liabilities from the impact of new reinsurance agreements on certain ULSG business entered into in the current period; and
◦higher paid claims, net of reinsurance.
The provision for income tax, expressed as a percentage of pre-tax adjusted earnings, resulted in an effective tax rate of 21% in the current period compared to 12% in the prior period. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impact of the dividends received deduction.
Corporate & Other
The components of adjusted earnings for Corporate & Other were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Fee income$— $— $— $— 
Net investment spread60 22 125 47 
Insurance-related activities27 2 49 12 
Amortization of DAC and VOBA19 (2)14 (8)
Other expenses, net of DAC capitalization(75)(85)(226)(257)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and preferred stock dividends27 24 82 72 
Pre-tax adjusted earnings, less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and preferred stock dividends4 (87)(120)(278)
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)4 (4)(22)(33)
Adjusted earnings$— $(83)$(98)$(245)
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Adjusted earnings were $0 in the current period, an increase of $83 million.
Key favorable impacts were:
•higher net investment spread due to higher average invested long-term assets from funding agreements issued in connection with our institutional spread margin business;
•lower costs associated with insurance-related activities due to an adjustment in the current period related to actuarial model refinements;
•lower amortization of DAC and VOBA due to an adjustment in the current period related to actuarial model refinements; and
•lower other expenses due to lower establishment costs.
The provision for income tax, expressed as a percentage of pre-tax adjusted earnings, resulted in an effective tax rate of 13% in the current period compared to 6% in the prior period. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impacts of the dividends received deduction, tax credits and current period non-recurring items. We believe the effective tax rate for Corporate & Other is not generally meaningful, neither on a standalone basis nor for comparison to prior periods, since taxes for Corporate & Other are derived from the difference between the overall consolidated effective tax rate and total taxes for the combined operating segments.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Adjusted earnings were a loss of $98 million in the current period, a lower loss of $147 million.
Key favorable impacts were:
•higher net investment spread due to higher average invested long-term assets from funding agreements issued in connection with our institutional spread margin business;
•lower costs associated with insurance-related activities due to:
◦an adjustment in the current period related to actuarial model refinements; and
◦lower paid claims, net of reinsurance;
•lower other expenses due to lower establishment costs; and
•lower amortization of DAC and VOBA due to an adjustment in the current period related to actuarial model refinements.
Key unfavorable impact was:
•higher preferred stock dividends in the current period.
The provision for income tax, expressed as a percentage of pre-tax adjusted earnings, resulted in an effective tax rate of 58% in the current period compared to 16% in the prior period. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impacts of the dividends received deduction, tax credits and current period non-recurring items. We believe the effective tax rate for Corporate & Other is not generally meaningful, neither on a standalone basis nor for comparison to prior periods, since taxes for Corporate & Other are derived from the difference between the overall consolidated effective tax rate and total taxes for the combined operating segments.
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GMLB Riders for the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021
The overall impact on income (loss) available to shareholders before provision for income tax from the performance of GMLB Riders, which includes (i) changes in carrying value of the GAAP liabilities, (ii) the mark-to-market of hedges and reinsurance, (iii) fees and (iv) associated DAC offsets, was as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Liabilities $177 $(274)$3,464 $(960)
Hedges(772)(76)(1,277)(1,216)
Ceded reinsurance(3)(11)(55)(74)
Fees (1)223 219 631 620 
GMLB DAC(215)(56)(631)146 
Total GMLB Riders$(590)$(198)$2,132 $(1,484)
__________________
(1)Excludes living benefit fees, included as a component of adjusted earnings, of $13 million and $16 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $40 million and $45 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Comparative results from GMLB Riders were unfavorable by $392 million, primarily driven by:
•unfavorable changes to the estimated fair value of our GMLB hedges;
•unfavorable changes to GMLB DAC; and
•unfavorable changes to the estimated fair value of variable annuity liability reserves;
partially offset by
•favorable changes to the estimated fair value of Shield liabilities.
Lower equity markets resulted in the following impacts:
•favorable changes to the estimated fair value of Shield liabilities; and
•favorable changes to the estimated fair value of our GMLB hedges;
partially offset by
•unfavorable changes to the estimated fair value of variable annuity liability reserves; and
•unfavorable changes to GMLB DAC.
Higher interest rates resulted in the following impacts:
•unfavorable changes to the estimated fair value of our GMLB hedges;
•unfavorable changes to the estimated fair value of Shield liabilities; and
•unfavorable changes to GMLB DAC;
partially offset by
•favorable changes to the estimated fair value of variable annuity liability reserves.
There was an unfavorable change in the adjustment for nonperformance risk in the current period.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Comparative results from GMLB Riders were favorable by $3.6 billion, primarily driven by:
•favorable changes to the estimated fair value of Shield liabilities;
partially offset by
•unfavorable changes to the estimated fair value of variable annuity liability reserves;
•unfavorable changes to GMLB DAC; and
•unfavorable changes to the estimated fair value of our GMLB hedges.
Lower equity markets resulted in the following impacts:
•favorable changes to the estimated fair value of Shield liabilities;
•favorable changes to the estimated fair value of our GMLB hedges; and
•favorable changes in ceded reinsurance;
partially offset by
•unfavorable changes to the estimated fair value of variable annuity liability reserves; and
•unfavorable changes to GMLB DAC.
Higher interest rates resulted in the following impacts:
•unfavorable changes to the estimated fair value of our GMLB hedges;
•unfavorable changes to the estimated fair value of Shield liabilities;
•unfavorable changes to GMLB DAC; and
•unfavorable changes in ceded reinsurance;
partially offset by
•favorable changes to the estimated fair value of variable annuity liability reserves.
There was a favorable change in the adjustment for nonperformance risk in the current period.
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Investments
Investment Risks
Our primary investment objective is to optimize risk-adjusted net investment income and risk-adjusted total return while appropriately matching assets and liabilities. In addition, the investment process is designed to ensure that the portfolio has an appropriate level of liquidity, quality and diversification.
We are exposed to the following primary sources of investment risks, which may be heightened or exacerbated by the factors discussed in “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, including our capitalization and liquidity” in our 2021 Annual Report and “— Industry Trends and Uncertainties — COVID-19 Pandemic”:
•credit risk, relating to the uncertainty associated with the continued ability of a given obligor to make timely payments of principal and interest, which will likely result in a higher allowance for credit losses and write-offs for uncollectible balances for certain investments;
•interest rate risk, relating to the market price and cash flow variability associated with changes in market interest rates. Changes in market interest rates will impact the net unrealized gain or loss position of our fixed income investment portfolio and the rates of return we receive on both new funds invested and reinvestment of existing funds;
•inflation risk, relating to a sustained or material increase in inflation, which could increase realized and unrealized losses or increase expenses;
•market valuation risk, relating to the variability in the estimated fair value of investments associated with changes in market factors such as credit spreads and equity market levels. A widening of credit spreads will adversely impact the net unrealized gain (loss) position of the fixed income investment portfolio and will increase losses associated with credit-based non-qualifying derivatives where we assume credit exposure. Credit spread tightening will reduce net investment income associated with new purchases of fixed maturity securities and will favorably impact the net unrealized gain (loss) position of the fixed income investment portfolio;
•liquidity risk, relating to the diminished ability to sell certain investments, in times of strained market conditions;
•real estate risk, relating to commercial, agricultural and residential real estate, and stemming from factors, which include, but are not limited to, market conditions, including the demand and supply of leasable commercial space, creditworthiness of borrowers and their tenants and joint venture partners, capital markets volatility and inherent interest rate movements;
•currency risk, relating to the variability in currency exchange rates for non-U.S. dollar denominated investments; and
•financial and operational risks related to using external investment managers.
See also “Risk Factors — Economic Environment and Capital Markets-Related Risks — We are exposed to significant financial and capital markets risks which may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity, and may cause our net investment income and our profitability measures to vary from period to period” and “Risk Factors — Investments-Related Risks” in our 2021 Annual Report.
We manage these risks through asset-type allocation and industry and issuer diversification. Risk limits are also used to promote diversification by asset sector, avoid concentrations in any single issuer and limit overall aggregate credit and equity risk exposure. Real estate risk is managed through geographic and property type and product type diversification. Interest rate risk is managed as part of our Asset Liability Management (“ALM”) strategies. Product design, such as the use of market value adjustment features and surrender charges, is also utilized to manage interest rate risk. These strategies include maintaining an investment portfolio that targets a weighted average duration that reflects the duration of our estimated liability cash flow profile. For certain of our liability portfolios, it is not possible to invest assets to the full liability duration, thereby creating some asset/liability mismatch. We also use certain derivatives in the management of currency, credit, interest rate, and equity market risks.
Investment Management Agreements
Other than our derivatives trading, which we manage in-house, we have engaged a select group of experienced external asset management firms to manage the investment of the assets comprising our general account portfolio and certain separate account assets of our insurance subsidiaries, as well as assets of BHF and our reinsurance subsidiary BRCD.
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Current Environment
Our business and results of operations are materially affected by conditions in capital markets and the economy, generally.
As a U.S. insurance company, we are affected by the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve Board (the “Federal Reserve”) in the U.S. The Federal Reserve may increase or decrease the federal funds rate in the future, which, in addition to impacting product sales, may have an impact on the valuation of risk-bearing investments. During the first nine months of 2022, the Federal Reserve has increased the target range for the federal funds rate five times — from between 0% and 0.25% to between 0.25% and 0.50% on March 16, 2022; to between 0.75% and 1.00% on May 4, 2022; to between 1.50% and 1.75% on June 15, 2022; to between 2.25% and 2.50% on July 27, 2022; and to between 3.00% and 3.25% on September 21, 2022. On November 2, 2022, the Federal Reserve further increased the target range for the federal fund rate from between 3.00% and 3.25% to between 3.25% and 4.00%. The Federal Reserve has indicated further increases to the target range for the federal funds rate could occur. These target range increases have contributed to a decrease in the net unrealized gains in our investment portfolio, and any additional target increases could similarly contribute to further decreases. We are also affected by the monetary policy of central banks around the world due to the diversification of our investment portfolio.
See “— Industry Trends and Uncertainties — Financial and Economic Environment,” as amended herein, as well as “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Industry Trends and Uncertainties — Financial and Economic Environment” included in our 2021 Annual Report.
Selected Sector Investments
Recent elevated levels of market volatility have affected the performance of various asset classes. Contributing factors include concerns about energy and oil prices, inflation, geopolitical events, ongoing military actions and the COVID-19 pandemic. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, including our capitalization and liquidity,” “Risk Factors — Economic Environment and Capital Markets-Related Risks — If difficult conditions in the capital markets and the U.S. economy generally persist or are perceived to persist, they may materially adversely affect our business and results of operations,” and “Risk Factors — Investments-Related Risks — Ongoing military actions, the continued threat of terrorism, climate change as well as other catastrophic events may adversely affect the value of our investment portfolio and the level of claim losses we incur” included in our 2021 Annual Report.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we sold positions with direct exposure to Russia with an amortized cost of $99 million and recorded a net investment realized loss of $8 million. At September 30, 2022, we did not have any direct exposure to Russia or Ukraine.
There has been an increased market focus on energy sector investments as a result of energy and oil price volatility due to, among other factors, ongoing geopolitical events. We maintain a diversified energy sector fixed maturity securities portfolio across sub-sectors and issuers. Our exposure to energy sector fixed maturity securities was $2.6 billion, with net unrealized gains (losses) of ($377) million. Of the $2.6 billion exposure to energy sector fixed maturity securities, 89% were investment grade at September 30, 2022.
There has also been an increased market focus on retail sector investments as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and uncertainty regarding its duration and severity. Our exposure to retail sector corporate fixed maturity securities was $1.5 billion, with net unrealized gains (losses) of ($258) million. Of the $1.5 billion exposure to retail sector corporate fixed maturity securities, 94% were investment grade at September 30, 2022.
In addition to the fixed maturity securities discussed above, we have exposure to mortgage loans and certain residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) and asset-backed securities (“ABS”) (collectively, “Structured Securities”) that may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. See “— Investments — Mortgage Loans” and Note 4 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information on mortgage loans, including credit quality by portfolio segment and commercial mortgage loans by property type. Additionally, see “— Investments — Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-sale — Structured Securities” for information on Structured Securities, including security type, risk profile and ratings profile.
We monitor direct and indirect investment exposure across sectors and asset classes and adjust our level of investment exposure, as appropriate. At this time, we do not expect that our general account investments in these sectors and asset classes will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
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Investment Portfolio Results
The following summary yield table presents the yield and adjusted net investment income for our investment portfolio for the periods indicated. As described below, this table reflects certain differences from the presentation of net investment income presented in the GAAP statement of operations. This summary yield table presentation is consistent with how we measure our investment performance for management purposes, and we believe it enhances understanding of our investment portfolio results.
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
Yield %AmountYield %AmountYield %AmountYield %Amount
(Dollars in millions)
Investment income (1)3.35 %$939 5.29 %$1,324 3.96 %$3,243 5.25 %$3,800 
Investment fees and expenses (2)(0.15)(39)(0.13)(37)(0.14)(116)(0.13)(104)
Adjusted net investment income (3)3.20 %$900 5.16 %$1,287 3.82 %$3,127 5.12 %$3,696 
_______________
(1)Investment income yields are calculated as investment income as a percentage of average quarterly asset carrying values. Investment income excludes recognized gains and losses and reflects the adjustments presented in footnote 3 below to arrive at adjusted net investment income. Asset carrying values exclude unrealized gains (losses), collateral received in connection with our securities lending program, freestanding derivative assets and collateral received from derivative counterparties.
(2)Investment fee and expense yields are calculated as investment fees and expenses as a percentage of average quarterly asset estimated fair values. Asset estimated fair values exclude collateral received in connection with our securities lending program, freestanding derivative assets and collateral received from derivative counterparties.
(3)Adjusted net investment income presented in the yield table varies from the most directly comparable GAAP measure due to certain reclassifications, as presented below.
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
(In millions)
Net investment income$877 $1,281 $3,089 $3,680 
Less: Investment hedge adjustments(23)(6)(38)(16)
Adjusted net investment income — in the above yield table$900 $1,287 $3,127 $3,696 
See “— Results of Operations — Consolidated Results for the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021” for an analysis of the period over period changes in net investment income.
Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-sale
Fixed maturity securities held by type (public or private) were as follows at:
 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
 Estimated
Fair Value		% of
Total		Estimated
Fair Value		% of
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Publicly-traded$62,543 83.1 %$72,925 83.3 %
Privately-placed12,728 16.9 14,657 16.7 
Total fixed maturity securities$75,271 100.0 %$87,582 100.0 %
Percentage of cash and invested assets66.4 % 71.4 % 
See Note 6 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on our valuation controls and procedures including our formal process to challenge any prices received from independent pricing services that are not considered representative of estimated fair value.
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See Note 4 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about fixed maturity securities by sector, contractual maturities, continuous gross unrealized losses and the allowance for credit losses.
Fixed Maturity Securities Credit Quality — Ratings
See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Investments — Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-sale — Fixed Maturity Securities Credit Quality — Ratings” included in our 2021 Annual Report for a discussion of the credit quality ratings assigned by Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSRO”), credit quality designations assigned by and methodologies used by the Securities Valuation Office of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) for fixed maturity securities and the methodologies adopted by the NAIC for certain Structured Securities.
The following table presents total fixed maturity securities by NRSRO rating and the applicable NAIC designation from the NAIC published comparison of NRSRO ratings to NAIC designations, except for certain Structured Securities, which are presented using the NAIC methodologies, as well as the percentage, based on estimated fair value that each NAIC designation is comprised of at:
  September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
NAIC
Designation		NRSRO RatingAmortized
Cost		Allowance for Credit LossesUnrealized
Gain (Loss)		Estimated Fair Value% of
Total		Amortized
Cost		Allowance for Credit LossesUnrealized
Gain (Loss)		Estimated Fair Value% of
Total
  (Dollars in millions)
1Aaa/Aa/A$54,697 $1 $(5,329)$49,367 65.6 %$49,729 $— $6,133 $55,862 63.8 %
2Baa27,339 — (4,261)23,078 30.7 25,493 — 2,142 27,635 31.6 
Subtotal investment grade82,036 1 (9,590)72,445 96.3 75,222 — 8,275 83,497 95.4 
3Ba2,480 — (319)2,161 2.8 2,634 — 65 2,699 3.1 
4B687 1 (102)584 0.8 1,244 3 12 1,253 1.4 
5Caa and lower72 3 (3)66 0.1 142 8 (4)130 0.1 
6
In or near default
32 — (17)15 — 4 — (1)3 — 
Subtotal below investment grade
3,271 4 (441)2,826 3.7 4,024 11 72 4,085 4.6 
Total fixed maturity securities$85,307 $5 $(10,031)$75,271 100.0 %$79,246 $11 $8,347 $87,582 100.0 %
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The following tables present total fixed maturity securities, based on estimated fair value, by sector classification and by NRSRO rating and the applicable NAIC designations from the NAIC published comparison of NRSRO ratings to NAIC designations, except for certain Structured Securities, which are presented using the NAIC methodologies as described above:
Fixed Maturity Securities — by Sector & Credit Quality Rating
NAIC Designation123456Total
Estimated
Fair Value
NRSRO RatingAaa/Aa/ABaaBaBCaa and
Lower		In or Near
Default
(In millions)
September 30, 2022
U.S. corporate$14,492 $15,379 $1,721 $500 $34 $12 $32,138 
Foreign corporate3,590 6,111 379 60 — — 10,140 
U.S. government and agency8,272 130 — — — — 8,402 
RMBS7,827 9 8 3 9 3 7,859 
CMBS6,256 339 10 8 3 — 6,616 
State and political subdivision3,715 105 1 — 10 — 3,831 
ABS4,543 620 17 13 10 — 5,203 
Foreign government672 385 25 — — — 1,082 
Total fixed maturity securities$49,367 $23,078 $2,161 $584 $66 $15 $75,271 
December 31, 2021
U.S. corporate$17,828 $18,074 $2,008 $1,103 $68 $— $39,081 
Foreign corporate3,518 7,478 554 125 31 — 11,706 
U.S. government and agency9,160 147 — — — — 9,307 
RMBS9,179 46 15 5 11 3 9,259 
CMBS6,882 391 1 5 3 — 7,282 
State and political subdivision4,646 181 1 — 7 — 4,835 
ABS3,686 550 19 15 10 — 4,280 
Foreign government963 768 101 — — — 1,832 
Total fixed maturity securities$55,862 $27,635 $2,699 $1,253 $130 $3 $87,582 
U.S. and Foreign Corporate Fixed Maturity Securities
We maintain a diversified portfolio of corporate fixed maturity securities across industries and issuers. Our portfolio does not have any exposure to any single issuer in excess of 1% of total investments and the top ten holdings in aggregate comprise 1% and 2% of total investments at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Our U.S. and foreign corporate fixed maturity securities holdings by industry were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Estimated
Fair Value		% of
Total		Estimated
Fair Value		% of
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Industrial$12,875 30.4 %$16,131 31.8 %
Finance11,791 27.9 12,430 24.4 
Consumer9,380 22.2 11,650 22.9 
Utility5,585 13.2 7,146 14.1 
Communications2,647 6.3 3,430 6.8 
Total
$42,278 100.0 %$50,787 100.0 %
Structured Securities
We held $19.7 billion and $20.8 billion of Structured Securities, at estimated fair value, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, as presented in the RMBS, CMBS and ABS sections below.
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RMBS
Our RMBS holdings are diversified by security type, risk profile and ratings profile, which were as follows at:
 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
 Estimated
Fair Value		% of
Total		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)Estimated
Fair Value		% of
Total		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 (Dollars in millions)
Security type:
Pass-through securities$3,935 50.1 %$(639)$4,688 50.6 %$29 
Collateralized mortgage obligations3,924 49.9 (264)4,571 49.4 352 
Total RMBS$7,859 100.0 %$(903)$9,259 100.0 %$381 
Risk profile:
Agency$6,294 80.1 %$(873)$7,563 81.7 %$264 
Prime156 2.0 (17)192 2.1 4 
Alt-A882 11.2 (22)801 8.6 60 
Sub-prime527 6.7 9 703 7.6 53 
Total RMBS$7,859 100.0 %$(903)$9,259 100.0 %$381 
Ratings profile:
Rated Aaa$6,846 87.1 %$7,905 85.4 %
Designated NAIC 1$7,827 99.6 %$9,179 99.1 %
Historically, our exposure to sub-prime RMBS holdings has been managed by focusing primarily on senior tranche securities, stress-testing the portfolio with severe loss assumptions and closely monitoring the performance of the portfolio. Our sub-prime RMBS portfolio consists predominantly of securities that were purchased after 2012 at significant discounts to par value and discounts to the expected principal recovery value of these securities. The vast majority of these securities are investment grade under the NAIC designations (e.g., NAIC 1 and NAIC 2).
CMBS
Our CMBS holdings are diversified by vintage year, which were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Amortized CostEstimated Fair ValueAmortized CostEstimated Fair Value
(In millions)
2003 - 2011$90 $82 $95 $106 
201279 77 141 140 
2013208 203 209 213 
2014323 298 322 334 
2015967 888 953 997 
2016464 423 465 485 
2017732 667 707 751 
20181,668 1,530 1,675 1,827 
20191,025 879 1,044 1,079 
2020538 429 555 544 
2021812 742 810 806 
2022415 398 — — 
Total$7,321 $6,616 $6,976 $7,282 
The estimated fair value of CMBS rated Aaa using rating agency ratings was $4.6 billion, or 69.1% of total CMBS, and designated NAIC 1 was $6.3 billion, or 94.6% of total CMBS, at September 30, 2022. The estimated fair value of CMBS Aaa rating agency ratings was $5.0 billion, or 69.1% of total CMBS, and designated NAIC 1 was $6.9 billion, or 94.5% of total CMBS at December 31, 2021.
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ABS
Our ABS holdings are diversified by both collateral type and issuer. Our ABS holdings by collateral type and ratings profile were as follows at:
 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
 Estimated
Fair Value		% of
Total		Net Unrealized
Gains (Losses)		Estimated
Fair Value		% of
Total		Net Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
 (Dollars in millions)
Collateral type:
Collateralized obligations$3,142 60.4 %$(172)$2,659 62.1 %$(1)
Student loans394 7.6 (30)384 9.0 6 
Consumer loans380 7.3 (34)342 8.0 — 
Automobile loans215 4.1 (9)151 3.5 2 
Credit card loans160 3.1 (11)132 3.1 4 
Other loans912 17.5 (79)612 14.3 8 
Total$5,203 100.0 %$(335)$4,280 100.0 %$19 
Ratings profile:
Rated Aaa$2,194 42.2 %$1,837 42.9 %
Designated NAIC 1$4,543 87.3 %$3,686 86.1 %
Allowance for Credit Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities
See Note 4 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information about the evaluation of fixed maturity securities for an allowance for credit losses or write-offs due to uncollectibility.
Securities Lending
We participate in a securities lending program whereby securities are loaned to third parties, primarily brokerage firms and commercial banks. We obtain collateral, usually cash, in an amount generally equal to 102% of the estimated fair value of the securities loaned, which is obtained at the inception of a loan and maintained at a level greater than or equal to 100% for the duration of the loan. The estimated fair value of the securities loaned is monitored on a daily basis with additional collateral obtained as necessary throughout the duration of the loan. Securities loaned under such transactions may be sold or re-pledged by the transferee. We are liable to return to our counterparties the cash collateral under our control. Security collateral received from counterparties may not be sold or re-pledged, unless the counterparty is in default, and is not reflected in the financial statements. These transactions are treated as financing arrangements and the associated cash collateral liability is recorded at the amount of the cash received.
See “— Liquidity and Capital Resources — The Company — Primary Uses of Liquidity and Capital — Securities Lending” and Note 4 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding our securities lending program.
Mortgage Loans
Our mortgage loans are principally collateralized by commercial, agricultural and residential properties. Information regarding mortgage loans by portfolio segment is summarized as follows at:
 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
 Amortized Cost% of
Total		Allowance for Credit Losses% of Amortized CostAmortized Cost% of
Total		Allowance for Credit Losses% of Amortized Cost
 (Dollars in millions)
Commercial$13,286 59.9 %$45 0.3 %$12,187 61.0 %$67 0.5 %
Agricultural4,216 19.0 %15 0.4 %4,163 20.9 %12 0.3 %
Residential4,686 21.1 %39 0.8 %3,623 18.1 %44 1.2 %
Total$22,188 100.0 %$99 0.5 %$19,973 100.0 %$123 0.6 %
Our mortgage loan portfolio is diversified by both geographic region and property type to reduce the risk of concentration. The percentage of our commercial and agricultural mortgage loan portfolios collateralized by properties
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located in the U.S. were 97% at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The remainder was collateralized by properties located outside of the U.S. At September 30, 2022, the carrying value as a percentage of total commercial and agricultural mortgage loans for the top three states in the U.S. was 19% for California, 11% for Texas and 10% for New York. Additionally, we manage risk when originating commercial and agricultural mortgage loans by generally lending up to 75% of the estimated fair value of the underlying real estate collateral.
Our residential mortgage loan portfolio is managed in a similar manner to reduce risk of concentration. All residential mortgage loans were collateralized by properties located in the U.S. at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. At September 30, 2022, the carrying value as a percentage of total residential mortgage loans for the top three states in the U.S. was 39% for California, 10% for Florida and 7% for New York.
Commercial Mortgage Loans by Geographic Region and Property Type. Commercial mortgage loans are the largest component of the mortgage loan invested asset class. The diversification across geographic regions and property types of commercial mortgage loans was as follows at:
 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
 Amount% of
Total		Amount% of
Total
 (Dollars in millions)
Geographic region:
Pacific$2,780 20.9 %$2,601 21.3 %
South Atlantic2,766 20.8 2,383 19.6 
Middle Atlantic2,382 17.9 2,115 17.3 
West South Central1,607 12.1 1,425 11.7 
Mountain1,161 8.8 1,062 8.7 
New England741 5.6 789 6.5 
East North Central692 5.2 717 5.9 
International441 3.3 495 4.1 
West North Central342 2.6 318 2.6 
East South Central309 2.3 217 1.8 
Multi-region and Other65 0.5 65 0.5 
Total recorded investment13,286 100.0 %12,187 100.0 %
Less: allowance for credit losses45 67 
Carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses$13,241 $12,120 
Property type:
Apartment$5,069 38.2 %$3,895 32.0 %
Office3,391 25.5 3,566 29.3 
Retail1,966 14.8 1,863 15.3 
Industrial1,959 14.7 1,847 15.1 
Hotel901 6.8 1,016 8.3 
Total recorded investment13,286 100.0 %12,187 100.0 %
Less: allowance for credit losses45 67 
Carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses$13,241 $12,120 
Mortgage Loan Credit Quality — Monitoring Process. Our mortgage loan investments are monitored on an ongoing basis, including a review of loans that are current, past due, restructured and under foreclosure. Quarterly, we conduct a formal review of the portfolio with our investment managers. See Note 4 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information on mortgage loans by credit quality indicator, past due status, nonaccrual status and modified mortgage loans.
Our commercial mortgage loans are reviewed on an ongoing basis. These reviews may include an analysis of the property financial statements and rent roll, lease rollover analysis, property inspections, market analysis, estimated valuations of the underlying collateral, loan-to-value ratios, debt-service coverage ratios and tenant creditworthiness. The monitoring process focuses on higher risk loans, which include those that are classified as restructured, delinquent or in foreclosure, as well as loans with higher loan-to-value ratios and lower debt-service coverage ratios. The monitoring process for agricultural
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mortgage loans is generally similar, with a focus on higher risk loans, such as loans with higher loan-to-value ratios, including reviews on a geographic and sector basis. Our residential mortgage loans are reviewed on an ongoing basis. See Note 4 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information on our evaluation of residential mortgage loans and related measurement of allowance for credit losses.
Loan-to-value ratios and debt-service coverage ratios are common measures in the assessment of the quality of commercial mortgage loans. Loan-to-value ratios are a common measure in the assessment of the quality of agricultural mortgage loans. Loan-to-value ratios compare the amount of the loan to the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral. A loan-to-value ratio greater than 100% indicates that the loan amount is greater than the collateral value. A loan-to-value ratio of less than 100% indicates an excess of collateral value over the loan amount. Generally, the higher the loan-to-value ratio, the higher the risk of experiencing a credit loss. The debt-service coverage ratio compares a property’s net operating income to amounts needed to service the principal and interest due under the loan. Generally, the lower the debt-service coverage ratio, the higher the risk of experiencing a credit loss. For our commercial mortgage loans, our average loan-to-value ratio was 57% and 58% at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and our average debt-service coverage ratio was 2.2x at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The debt-service coverage ratio, as well as the values utilized in calculating the ratio, is updated annually on a rolling basis, with a portion of the portfolio updated each quarter. In addition, the loan-to-value ratio is routinely updated for all but the lowest risk loans as part of our ongoing review of our commercial mortgage loan portfolio. For our agricultural mortgage loans, our average loan-to-value ratio was 47% and 46% at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The values utilized in calculating the agricultural mortgage loan loan-to-value ratio are developed in connection with the ongoing review of the agricultural loan portfolio and are routinely updated.
Loan Modifications Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Our investment managers’ underwriting and credit management practices are proactively refined to meet the changing economic environment. Since March 1, 2020, we have completed loan modifications and have provided waivers to certain covenants, including the furniture, fixture and expense reserves, tenant rent payment deferrals or lease modifications, rate reductions, maturity date extensions, and other actions with a number of our borrowers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. A subset of these modifications included short-term principal and interest forbearance. At September 30, 2022, the recorded investment on mortgage loans where borrowers were offered debt-service forbearance and were not making payments was $6 million, comprised entirely of residential mortgage loans. At December 31, 2021, the recorded investment on mortgage loans where borrowers were offered debt-service forbearance and were not making payments was $55 million, comprised of $31 million of agricultural mortgage loans and $24 million of residential mortgage loans. These types of modifications are generally not considered troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) due to certain relief granted by U.S. federal legislation in March 2020. For more information on TDRs, see Note 4 to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Mortgage Loan Allowance for Credit Losses. See Notes 4 and 6 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information about how the allowance for credit losses is established and monitored, as well as activity in and balances of the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.
Limited Partnerships and Limited Liability Companies
The carrying values of our limited partnerships and LLCs were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(In millions)
Other limited partnerships$3,921 $3,786 
Real estate limited partnerships and LLCs (1)686 485 
Total$4,607 $4,271 
__________________
(1)The estimated fair value of real estate limited partnerships and LLCs was $834 million and $595 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Cash distributions on these investments are generated from investment gains, operating income from the underlying investments of the funds and liquidation of the underlying investments of the funds. We estimate that the underlying investment of the private equity funds will typically be liquidated over the next 10 to 20 years.
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Other Invested Assets
The carrying value of our other invested assets by type was as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Carrying
Value		% of
Total		Carrying
Value		% of
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Freestanding derivatives with positive estimated fair values
$3,740 92.7 %$3,126 94.3 %
FHLB Stock176 4.4 70 2.1 
Tax credit and renewable energy partnerships56 1.4 59 1.8 
Leveraged leases, net of non-recourse debt49 1.2 49 1.5 
Other12 0.3 12 0.3 
Total$4,033 100.0 %$3,316 100.0 %
Derivatives
Derivative Risks
We are exposed to various risks relating to our ongoing business operations, including interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate, credit and equity market. We use a variety of strategies to manage these risks, including the use of derivatives. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:
•Information about the gross notional amount, estimated fair value, and primary underlying risk exposure of our derivatives by type of hedge designation, excluding embedded derivatives held at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
•The statement of operations effects of derivatives in cash flow, fair value, or non-qualifying hedge relationships for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.
See “Business — Segments and Corporate & Other — Annuities,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management Strategies — ULSG Market Risk Exposure Management” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Results of Operations — Annual Actuarial Review” included in our 2021 Annual Report for more information about our use of derivatives by major hedging programs.
Fair Value Hierarchy
See Note 6 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for derivatives measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis and their corresponding fair value hierarchy, as well as a rollforward of the fair value measurements for derivatives measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs as discussed below.
The valuation of Level 3 derivatives involves the use of significant unobservable inputs and generally requires a higher degree of management judgment or estimation than the valuations of Level 1 and Level 2 derivatives. Although Level 3 inputs are unobservable, management believes they are consistent with what other market participants would use when pricing such instruments and are considered appropriate given the circumstances. The use of different inputs or methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair value of Level 3 derivatives and could materially affect net income.
Derivatives categorized as Level 3 at September 30, 2022 include: credit default swaps priced using unobservable credit spreads, or that are priced through independent broker quotations; equity variance swaps with unobservable volatility inputs; foreign currency swaps with certain unobservable inputs and equity index options with unobservable correlation inputs.
Credit Risk
See Note 5 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information about how we manage credit risk related to derivatives and for the estimated fair value of our net derivative assets and net derivative liabilities after the application of master netting agreements and collateral.
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Credit Derivatives
The gross notional amount and estimated fair value of credit default swaps were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Gross Notional
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value		Gross Notional
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value
(In millions)
Written $1,869 $(4)$1,724 $38 
Purchased — — — — 
Total$1,869 $(4)$1,724 $38 
The maximum amount at risk related to our written credit default swaps is equal to the corresponding gross notional amount. In a replication transaction, we pair an asset on our balance sheet with a written credit default swap to synthetically replicate a corporate bond, a core asset holding of life insurance companies. Replications are entered into in accordance with the guidelines approved by state insurance regulators and the NAIC and are an important tool in managing the overall corporate credit risk within the Company. In order to match our long-dated insurance liabilities, we seek to buy long-dated corporate bonds. In some instances, these may not be readily available in the market, or they may be issued by corporations to which we already have significant corporate credit exposure. For example, by purchasing Treasury bonds (or other high-quality assets) and associating them with written credit default swaps on the desired corporate credit name, we can replicate the desired bond exposures and meet our ALM needs. This can expose the Company to changes in credit spreads as the written credit default swap tenor is shorter than the maturity of Treasury bonds.
Embedded Derivatives
See Note 6 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for (i) information about embedded derivatives measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis and their corresponding fair value hierarchy and (ii) a rollforward of the fair value measurements for net embedded derivatives measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs.
See Note 5 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information about the nonperformance risk adjustment included in the valuation of guaranteed minimum benefits (“GMxB”) accounted for as embedded derivatives.
Policyholder Liabilities
We establish, and carry as liabilities, actuarially determined amounts that are calculated to meet policy obligations or to provide for future annuity and life insurance benefit payments. Amounts for actuarial liabilities are computed and reported in the financial statements in conformity with GAAP. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Policyholder Liabilities” included in our 2021 Annual Report for more details on policyholder liabilities. Except as otherwise discussed below, there have been no material changes to our policyholder liabilities.
Future Policy Benefits
We establish liabilities for amounts payable under insurance policies. See Note 3 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. A discussion of future policy benefits by segment, as well as Corporate & Other, can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Policyholder Liabilities” included in our 2021 Annual Report.
Policyholder Account Balances
Policyholder account balances are generally equal to the account value, which includes accrued interest credited, but excludes the impact of any applicable charge that may be incurred upon surrender. See Note 3 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. A discussion of policyholder account balances by segment, as well as Corporate & Other, can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Policyholder Liabilities” included in our 2021 Annual Report. Policyholder account balances also include amounts associated with funding agreements issued in connection with our institutional spread margin business. See “— Liquidity and Capital Resources — The Company — Primary Sources of Liquidity and Capital — Funding Sources — Funding Agreements.”
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Variable Annuity Guarantees
We issue certain variable annuity products with guaranteed minimum benefits that provide the policyholder a minimum return based on their initial deposit (the “Benefit Base”) less withdrawals. In some cases, the Benefit Base may be increased by additional deposits, bonus amounts, accruals or optional market value step-ups. See Note 3 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. See also “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk — Market Risk - Fair Value Exposures — Interest Rates” and “Business — Segments and Corporate & Other — Annuities — Products — Variable Annuities” included in our 2021 Annual Report for additional information.
Select information that management considers relevant to understanding our variable annuity risk management strategy has been included below.
Net Amount at Risk
The net amount at risk (“NAR”) for the GMIB is the amount (if any) that would be required to be added to the total account value to purchase a lifetime income stream, based on current annuity rates, equal to the minimum amount provided under the guaranteed benefit. This amount represents our potential economic exposure to such guarantees in the event all contract holders were to annuitize on the balance sheet date, even though the guaranteed amount under the contract may not be annuitized until after the waiting period of the contract.
The NAR for the guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”) is the amount of guaranteed benefits in excess of the account values (if any) as of the balance sheet date and assumes utilization of benefits by all contract holders as of the balance sheet date. Only a small portion of the Benefit Base is available for withdrawal on an annual basis.
The NAR for the guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMAB”) is the amount of guaranteed benefits in excess of the account values (if any) as of the balance sheet date and assumes utilization of benefits by all contract holders as of the balance sheet. The NAR for the GMAB is not available until the GMAB maturity date
The NAR for the GMDB is the amount of death benefit in excess of the account value (if any) as of the balance sheet date. It represents the amount of the claim we would incur if death claims were made on all contracts on the balance sheet date and includes any additional contractual claims associated with riders purchased to assist with covering income taxes payable upon death.
Our variable annuity account value and NAR by type of GMxB were as follows at:
September 30, 2022 (1)
December 31, 2021 (1)
Account ValueDeath Benefit NAR (1)Living Benefit NAR (1)% of Account Value In-the-Money (2)Account ValueDeath Benefit NAR (1)Living Benefit NAR (1)% of Account Value In-the-Money (2)
 (Dollars in millions)
GMIB$30,295 $6,398 $6,042 61.0 %$42,328 $1,809 $5,056 37.3 %
GMIB Max with EDB (3)7,811 6,136 574 46.6 %11,118 2,926 155 13.1 %
GMIB Max without EDB4,414 231 145 30.0 %6,289 3 29 4.8 %
GMWB18,656 2,083 1,248 44.8 %25,322 139 680 23.2 %
GMAB492 26 26 29.0 %750 1 1 0.6 %
GMDB only (other than EDB)15,274 2,044 — N/A20,233 935 — N/A
EDB only2,892 1,543 — N/A3,928 548 — N/A
Total$79,834 $18,461 $8,035 $109,968 $6,361 $5,921 
__________________
(1)The “Death Benefit NAR” and “Living Benefit NAR” are not additive at the contract level.
(2)In-the-money is defined as any contract with a living benefit NAR in excess of zero.
(3)EDB is defined as enhanced death benefits.
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Reserves
Under GAAP, certain of our variable annuity guarantee features are accounted for as insurance liabilities and reported in future policy benefits on the consolidated balance sheets with changes reported in policyholder benefits and claims on the consolidated statements of operations. These liabilities are accounted for using long-term assumptions of equity and bond market returns and the level of interest rates. Therefore, these liabilities, valued at $7.2 billion at September 30, 2022, are less sensitive than derivative instruments to periodic changes to equity and fixed income market returns and the level of interest rates. Guarantees accounted for as insurance liabilities in future policy benefits include GMDBs, the life contingent portion of GMWBs and the portion of GMIBs that require annuitization, as well as the life contingent portion of the expected annuitization when the policyholder is required to annuitize upon depletion of their account value.
All other variable annuity guarantee features are accounted for as embedded derivatives and reported in policyholder account balances on the consolidated balance sheets with changes reported in net derivative gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations. These liabilities, valued at $1.7 billion at September 30, 2022, are accounted for at estimated fair value. In some cases, a guarantee will have multiple features or options that require separate accounting such that the guarantee is not fully accounted for under only one of the accounting models (known as “split accounting”). Additionally, the index protection and accumulation features of Shield Level Annuities are accounted for as embedded derivatives and reported in policyholder account balances on the consolidated balance sheets with changes reported in net derivative gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations. These liabilities, valued at $2.0 billion at September 30, 2022, are accounted for at estimated fair value.
Our variable annuity reserves by type of GMxB were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Future Policy Benefits Policyholder Account Balances Total ReservesFuture Policy BenefitsPolicyholder Account BalancesTotal Reserves
(In millions)
GMIB$3,706 $1,618 $5,324 $3,374 $1,787 $5,161 
GMIB Max1,202 124 1,326 967 (36)931 
GMWB450 (14)436 327 97 424 
GMAB— (8)(8)— — — 
GMDB1,885 — 1,885 1,535 — 1,535 
Total$7,243 $1,720 $8,963 $6,203 $1,848 $8,051 
The carrying values of these guarantees can change significantly during periods of sizable and sustained shifts in equity market performance, equity market volatility, or interest rates. Carrying values are also affected by our assumptions around mortality, separate account returns and policyholder behavior, including lapse, annuitization and withdrawal rates. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — Guarantees within certain of our annuity products may decrease our earnings, decrease our capitalization, increase the volatility of our results, result in higher risk management costs and expose us to increased market risk” included in our 2021 Annual Report. Furthermore, changes in policyholder behavior assumptions can result in additional changes in accounting estimates.
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Derivatives Hedging Variable Annuity Guarantees
The gross notional amount and estimated fair value of the derivatives held in our macro interest rate hedging program were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Instrument TypeGross Notional Amount (1)Estimated Fair ValueGross Notional Amount (1)Estimated Fair Value
AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
(In millions)
Interest rate swaps$3,085 $93 $54 $1,780 $229 $17 
Interest rate options20,438 41 189 8,050 83 — 
Interest rate forwards14,649 33 2,496 9,808 627 109 
Hybrid options (2)— — — 900 8 — 
Total$38,172 $167 $2,739 $20,538 $947 $126 
__________________
(1)The gross notional amounts presented do not necessarily represent the relative economic coverage provided by option instruments because certain positions were closed out by entering into offsetting positions that are not netted in the above table.
(2)Hybrid options have equity exposure in addition to interest rate exposure.
The gross notional amount and estimated fair value of the derivatives held in our variable annuity hedging program, as well as the interest rate hedges allocated from our macro interest rate hedging program, were as follows at:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Instrument TypeGross Notional Amount (1)Estimated Fair ValueGross Notional Amount (1)Estimated Fair Value
AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
 (In millions)
Equity index options$13,634 $591 $350 $20,695 $889 $876 
Equity total return swaps33,069 1,515 1,519 32,719 493 588 
Equity variance swaps281 9 1 281 9 1 
Interest rate swaps3,085 93 54 1,780 229 17 
Interest rate options18,838 38 95 7,450 28 — 
Interest rate forwards10,601 33 1,337 4,440 218 13 
Hybrid options— — — 900 8 — 
Total$79,508 $2,279 $3,356 $68,265 $1,874 $1,495 
__________________
(1)The gross notional amounts presented do not necessarily represent the relative economic coverage provided by option instruments because certain positions were closed out by entering into offsetting positions that are not netted in the above table.
Period-to-period changes in the estimated fair value of these hedges affect our net income, as well as stockholders’ equity and these effects can be material in any given period. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — Our variable annuity exposure risk management strategy may not be effective, may result in significant volatility in our profitability measures and may negatively affect our statutory capital,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management Strategies” included in our 2021 Annual Report.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our business and results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the global capital markets and the economy generally. Stressed conditions, volatility or disruptions in global capital markets, particular markets or financial asset classes can impact us adversely, in part because we have a large investment portfolio and our insurance liabilities and derivatives are sensitive to changing market factors. Changing conditions in the global capital markets and the economy may affect our financing costs and market interest rates for our debt or equity securities. For further information regarding market factors that could affect our ability to meet liquidity and capital needs, including those related to the COVID-19 pandemic, see “— Industry Trends and Uncertainties — COVID-19 Pandemic” and “— Investments — Current Environment,” herein, as well as “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Industry Trends and Uncertainties” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Investments — Current Environment” included in our 2021 Annual Report.
Liquidity and Capital Management
Based upon our capitalization, expectations regarding maintaining our business mix, ratings, and funding sources available to us, we believe we have sufficient liquidity to meet business requirements in current market conditions and certain stress scenarios. Our Board of Directors and senior management are directly involved in the governance of the capital management process, including proposed changes to the annual capital plan and capital targets. We continuously monitor and adjust our liquidity and capital plans in light of market conditions, as well as changing needs and opportunities.
We maintain a substantial short-term liquidity position, which was $3.4 billion and $3.8 billion at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Short-term liquidity is comprised of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, excluding assets that are pledged or otherwise committed. Assets pledged or otherwise committed include amounts received in connection with securities lending, derivatives and assets held on deposit or in trust.
An integral part of our liquidity management includes managing our level of liquid assets, which was $41.5 billion and $54.9 billion at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Liquid assets are comprised of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and publicly-traded securities, excluding assets that are pledged or otherwise committed. Assets pledged or otherwise committed include amounts received in connection with securities lending, funding agreements, derivatives and assets held on deposit or in trust.
The Company
Liquidity
Liquidity refers to our ability to generate adequate cash flows from our normal operations to meet the cash requirements of our operating, investing and financing activities. We determine our liquidity needs based on a rolling 12-month forecast by portfolio of invested assets, which we monitor daily. We adjust the general account asset and derivatives mix and general account asset maturities based on this rolling 12-month forecast. To support this forecast, we conduct cash flow and stress testing, which reflect the impact of various scenarios, including (i) the potential increase in our requirement to pledge additional collateral or return collateral to our counterparties, (ii) a reduction in new business sales, and (iii) the risk of early contract holder and policyholder withdrawals, as well as lapses and surrenders of existing policies and contracts. We include provisions limiting withdrawal rights in many of our products, which deter the customer from making withdrawals prior to the maturity date of the product. If significant cash is required beyond our anticipated liquidity needs, we have various alternatives available depending on market conditions and the amount and timing of the liquidity need. These available alternative sources of liquidity include cash flows from operations, sales of liquid assets and funding sources, including secured funding agreements, unsecured credit facilities and secured committed facilities.
Under certain adverse market and economic conditions, our access to liquidity may deteriorate, or the cost to access liquidity may increase.
Capital
We manage our capital position to maintain our financial strength and credit ratings. Our capital position is supported by our ability to generate cash flows within our insurance companies, our ability to effectively manage the risks of our businesses and our expected ability to borrow funds and raise additional capital to meet operating and growth needs under a variety of market and economic conditions.
Under current GAAP, we target to maintain a debt-to-capital ratio of approximately 25%, which we monitor using an average of our key leverage ratios as calculated by A.M. Best, Fitch, Moody’s and S&P. As such, we may opportunistically look to pursue additional financing over time, which may include borrowings under credit facilities, the issuance of debt,
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equity or hybrid securities, the incurrence of term loans, or the refinancing of existing indebtedness. There can be no assurance that we will be able to complete any such financing transactions on terms and conditions favorable to us or at all.
In support of our target combined risk-based capital (“RBC”) ratio between 400% and 450% in normal market conditions, we expect to continue to maintain a capital and exposure risk management program that targets total assets supporting our variable annuity contracts at or above the average of the worst two percent of a set of capital markets scenarios over the life of the contracts level in normal market conditions.
We have a share repurchase program under which repurchases may be made through open market purchases, including pursuant to 10b5-1 plans or pursuant to accelerated stock repurchase plans, or through privately negotiated transactions, from time to time at management’s discretion in accordance with applicable legal requirements. Common stock repurchases are dependent upon several factors, including our capital position, liquidity, financial strength and credit ratings, general market conditions, the market price of our common stock compared to management’s assessment of the stock’s underlying value and applicable regulatory approvals, as well as other legal and accounting factors.
We currently have no plans to declare and pay dividends on our common stock. Any future declaration and payment of dividends or other distributions or returns of capital will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on and be subject to our financial condition, results of operations, cash needs, regulatory and other constraints, capital requirements (including capital requirements of our insurance subsidiaries), contractual restrictions and any other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant in making such a determination. Therefore, there can be no assurance that we will pay any dividends or make other distributions or returns of capital on our common stock, or as to the amount of any such dividends, distributions or returns of capital.
Sources and Uses of Liquidity and Capital
Our primary sources and uses of liquidity and capital were as follows at:
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20222021
(In millions)
Sources:
Operating activities, net$— $644 
Changes in policyholder account balances, net9,218 9,237 
Changes in payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions, net263 387 
Total sources9,481 10,268 
Uses:
Operating activities, net939 — 
Investing activities, net7,596 9,665 
Long-term debt repaid2 1 
Dividends on preferred stock78 68 
Treasury stock acquired in connection with share repurchases395 341 
Financing element on certain derivative instruments and other derivative related transactions, net137 183 
Other, net15 10 
Total uses9,162 10,268 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$319 $— 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
The principal cash inflows from our insurance activities come from insurance premiums, annuity considerations and net investment income. The principal cash outflows are the result of various annuity and life insurance products, operating expenses and income tax, as well as interest expense. The primary liquidity concern with respect to these cash flows is the risk of early contract holder and policyholder withdrawal.
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Cash Flows from Investing Activities
The principal cash inflows from our investment activities come from repayments of principal, proceeds from maturities and sales of investments, as well as settlements of freestanding derivatives. The principal cash outflows relate to purchases of investments and settlements of freestanding derivatives. We typically can have a net cash outflow from investing activities because cash inflows from insurance operations are reinvested in accordance with our ALM discipline to fund insurance liabilities. We closely monitor and manage these risks through our comprehensive investment risk management process. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash flows are the risk of default by debtors and market disruption.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
The principal cash inflows from our financing activities come from issuances of debt and equity securities, deposits of funds associated with policyholder account balances and lending of securities. The principal cash outflows come from repayments of debt, common stock repurchases, preferred stock dividends, withdrawals associated with policyholder account balances and the return of securities on loan. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash flows are market disruption and the risk of early policyholder withdrawal.
Primary Sources of Liquidity and Capital
In addition to the summary description of liquidity and capital sources discussed in “— Sources and Uses of Liquidity and Capital,” the following additional information is provided regarding our primary sources of liquidity and capital:
Funding Sources
Liquidity is provided by a variety of funding sources, including secured and unsecured funding agreements, unsecured credit facilities and secured committed facilities. Capital is provided by a variety of funding sources, including issuances of debt and equity securities, as well as borrowings under our credit facilities. We maintain a shelf registration statement with the SEC that permits the issuance of public debt, equity and hybrid securities. As a “Well-Known Seasoned Issuer” under SEC rules, our shelf registration statement provides for automatic effectiveness upon filing and has no stated issuance capacity. The diversity of our funding sources enhances our funding flexibility, limits dependence on any one market or source of funds and generally lowers the cost of funds. Our primary funding sources include:
Preferred Stock
See Note 8 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2021 Annual Report for information on preferred stock issuances.
Funding Agreements
From time to time, Brighthouse Life Insurance Company issues funding agreements and uses the proceeds from such issuances for spread lending purposes in connection with our institutional spread margin business or to provide additional liquidity. The institutional spread margin business is comprised of funding agreements issued in connection with the programs described in more detail below. See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2021 Annual Report for additional information on funding agreements.
Funding Agreement-Backed Commercial Paper Program
In July 2021, Brighthouse Life Insurance Company established a funding agreement-backed commercial paper program (the “FABCP Program”) for spread lending purposes, pursuant to which a special purpose limited liability company (the “SPLLC”) may issue commercial paper and deposit the proceeds with Brighthouse Life Insurance Company under a funding agreement issued by Brighthouse Life Insurance Company to the SPLLC. The maximum aggregate principal amount permitted to be outstanding at any one time under the FABCP Program is $3.0 billion. Activity related to this funding agreement is reported in Corporate & Other.
Funding Agreement-Backed Notes Program
In April 2021, Brighthouse Life Insurance Company established a funding agreement-backed notes program (the “FABN Program”), pursuant to which Brighthouse Life Insurance Company may issue funding agreements to a special purpose statutory trust for spread lending purposes. The maximum aggregate principal amount permitted to be outstanding at any one time under the FABN Program was increased from $5.0 billion to $7.0 billion in August 2022. Activity related to these funding agreements is reported in Corporate & Other.
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Federal Home Loan Bank Funding Agreements
Brighthouse Life Insurance Company is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Atlanta, where it maintains a secured funding agreement program, under which funding agreements may be issued either (i) for spread lending purposes or (ii) to provide additional liquidity. Activity related to these funding agreements is reported in Corporate & Other.
Farmer Mac Funding Agreements
Brighthouse Life Insurance Company has a secured funding agreement program with the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation and its affiliate Farmer Mac Mortgage Securities Corporation (“Farmer Mac”) pursuant to which the parties may enter into funding agreements either (i) for spread lending purposes or (ii) to provide additional liquidity. In September 2022, Brighthouse Life Insurance Company amended this program to (i) extend the term from December 31, 2023 to December 1, 2026 and (ii) increase the maximum aggregate principal amount permitted to be outstanding from $500 million to $750 million. Activity related to these funding agreements is reported in Corporate & Other.
Information regarding funding agreements issued for spread lending purposes is as follows:
Aggregate Principal Amount
Outstanding		IssuancesRepayments
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 September 30, 2022December 31, 20212022202120222021
 (In millions)
FABCP Program$1,718 $1,848 $8,980 $1,989 $9,110 $326 
FABN Program3,450 2,900 550 2,400 — — 
FHLB Funding Agreements3,750 900 5,350 951 2,500 351 
Farmer Mac Funding Agreements500 125 400 25 25 — 
Total$9,418 $5,773 $15,280 $5,365 $11,635 $677 
Debt Issuances
See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2021 Annual Report for information on debt issuances.
Credit and Committed Facilities
See Notes 9 and 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2021 Annual Report for information regarding our credit and committed facilities. See Note 7 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding our entry into a new revolving credit facility.
We have no reason to believe that our lending counterparties would be unable to fulfill their respective contractual obligations under these facilities. As commitments under our credit and committed facilities may expire unused, these amounts do not necessarily reflect our actual future cash funding requirements.
Our revolving credit facility contains financial covenants, including requirements to maintain a specified minimum adjusted consolidated net worth, to maintain a ratio of total indebtedness to total capitalization not in excess of a specified percentage and that place limitations on the dollar amount of indebtedness that may be incurred by our subsidiaries, which could restrict our operations and use of funds. At September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with these financial covenants.
Primary Uses of Liquidity and Capital
In addition to the summarized description of liquidity and capital uses discussed in “— Sources and Uses of Liquidity and Capital,” the following additional information is provided regarding our primary uses of liquidity and capital:
Common Stock Repurchases
See Note 8 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information relating to authorizations to repurchase BHF common stock, amounts of common stock repurchased pursuant to such authorizations and the amount remaining under such authorizations at September 30, 2022. Subsequent to September 30, 2022 and through November 3, 2022, BHF repurchased an additional 954,210 shares of its common stock through open market purchases, pursuant to a 10b5-1 plan, for $47 million.
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Preferred Stock Dividends
See Note 8 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information relating to dividends declared and paid on our preferred stock.
Debt Repayments, Repurchases, Redemptions and Exchanges
See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2021 Annual Report for information on debt repayments and repurchases, as well as debt maturities and the terms of our outstanding long-term debt.
We have, and may from time to time in the future, seek to retire or purchase our outstanding indebtedness through cash purchases or exchanges for other securities, purchases in the open market, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Any such repurchases or exchanges will be dependent upon several factors, including our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions, general market conditions, as well as applicable regulatory, legal and accounting factors. Whether or not we repurchase any debt and the size and timing of any such repurchases will be determined at our discretion.
Insurance Liabilities
Liabilities arising from our insurance activities primarily relate to benefit payments under various annuity and life insurance products, as well as payments for policy surrenders, withdrawals and loans. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, general account surrenders and withdrawals, including repayments of funding agreements in connection with our institutional spread margin business, totaled $14.3 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively. See “— Primary Sources of Liquidity and Capital — Funding Sources — Funding Agreements” for additional information regarding our institutional spread margin business.
Pledged Collateral
We enter into derivatives to manage various risks relating to our ongoing business operations. We pledge collateral to, and have collateral pledged to us by, counterparties in connection with our derivatives. At September 30, 2022, we pledged $7 million of cash collateral to counterparties. At December 31, 2021, we did not pledge any cash collateral to counterparties. At both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we were obligated to return cash collateral pledged to us by counterparties of $1.7 billion. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about pledged collateral. We also pledge collateral from time to time in connection with funding agreements.
We receive non-cash collateral from counterparties for derivatives, which can be sold or re-pledged subject to certain constraints, and which is not recorded on our consolidated balance sheets. The amount of this non-cash collateral at estimated fair value was $2.7 billion and $593 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
See Note 5 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding pledged collateral.
Securities Lending
We have a securities lending program that aims to enhance the total return on our investment portfolio, whereby securities are loaned to third parties, primarily brokerage firms and commercial banks. We obtain collateral, usually cash, from the borrower, which must be returned to the borrower when the loaned securities are returned to us. Under our securities lending program, we were liable for cash collateral under our control of $4.8 billion and $4.6 billion at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
We receive non-cash collateral for securities lending from counterparties, which cannot be sold or re-pledged, and which is not recorded on our consolidated balance sheets. We did not hold any non-cash collateral at September 30, 2022. The amount of this non-cash collateral was $2 million at estimated fair value at December 31, 2021.
See Note 4 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of our securities lending program.
Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees
We establish liabilities for litigation, regulatory and other loss contingencies when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. See Note 11 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding contingencies.
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We enter into commitments for the purpose of enhancing the total return on our investment portfolio consisting of commitments to fund partnership investments, bank credit facilities and private corporate bond investments, as well as commitments to lend funds under mortgage loan commitments. See Notes 4 and 11 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding commitments.
In the normal course of our business, we have provided certain indemnities, guarantees, and commitments to third parties such that we may be required to make payments now or in the future. See Note 11 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding guarantees.
The Parent Company
Liquidity and Capital
In evaluating liquidity, it is important to distinguish the cash flow needs of the parent company from the cash flow needs of the combined group of companies. BHF is largely dependent on cash flows from its insurance subsidiaries to meet its obligations. Constraints on BHF’s liquidity may occur as a result of operational demands or as a result of compliance with regulatory requirements.
Short-term Liquidity and Liquid Assets
At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, BHF and certain of its non-insurance subsidiaries had short-term liquidity of $1.1 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively. Short-term liquidity is comprised of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, excluding assets that are pledged or otherwise committed. Assets pledged or otherwise committed include assets held in trust.
At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, BHF and certain of its non-insurance subsidiaries had liquid assets of $1.1 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, of which $1.1 billion and $1.5 billion was held by BHF. Liquid assets are comprised of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and publicly-traded securities, excluding assets that are pledged or otherwise committed. Assets pledged or otherwise committed include assets held in trust.
Statutory Capital and Dividends
The NAIC and state insurance departments have established regulations that provide minimum capitalization requirements based on RBC formulas for insurance companies. RBC is based on a formula calculated by applying factors to various asset, premium, claim, expense and statutory reserve items. The formula takes into account the risk characteristics of the insurer, including asset risk, insurance risk, interest rate risk, market risk and business risk and is calculated on an annual basis. The formula is used as an early warning regulatory tool to identify possible inadequately capitalized insurers for purposes of initiating regulatory action, and not as a means to rank insurers generally. State insurance laws provide insurance regulators the authority to require various actions by, or take various actions against, insurers whose total adjusted capital (“TAC”) does not meet or exceed certain RBC levels. As of the date of the most recent annual statutory financial statements filed with insurance regulators, the TAC of each of our insurance subsidiaries subject to these requirements was in excess of each of those RBC levels.
The amount of dividends that our insurance subsidiaries can ultimately pay to BHF through their various parent entities provides an additional margin for risk protection and investment in our businesses. Such dividends are constrained by the amount of surplus our insurance subsidiaries hold to maintain their ratings, which is generally higher than minimum RBC requirements. We proactively take actions to maintain capital consistent with these ratings objectives, which may include adjusting dividend amounts and deploying financial resources from internal or external sources of capital. Certain of these activities may require regulatory approval. Furthermore, the payment of dividends and other distributions by our insurance subsidiaries is governed by insurance laws and regulations. See Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2021 Annual Report.
Primary Sources and Uses of Liquidity and Capital
The principal sources of funds available to BHF include distributions from Brighthouse Holdings, LLC (“BH Holdings”), dividends and returns of capital from its insurance subsidiaries and BRCD, capital markets issuances, as well as its own cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. These sources of funds may also be supplemented by alternate sources of liquidity either directly or indirectly through our insurance subsidiaries. For example, we have established internal liquidity facilities to provide liquidity within and across our regulated and non-regulated entities to support our businesses.
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The primary uses of liquidity of BHF include debt-service obligations (including interest expense and debt repayments), preferred stock dividends, capital contributions to subsidiaries, common stock repurchases and payment of general operating expenses. Based on our analysis and comparison of our current and future cash inflows from the dividends we receive from subsidiaries that are permitted to be paid without prior insurance regulatory approval, our investment portfolio and other cash flows and anticipated access to the capital markets, we believe there will be sufficient liquidity and capital to enable BHF to make payments on debt, pay preferred stock dividends, contribute capital to its subsidiaries, repurchase its common stock, pay all general operating expenses and meet its cash needs.
In addition to the liquidity and capital sources discussed in “— The Company — Primary Sources of Liquidity and Capital” and “— The Company — Primary Uses of Liquidity and Capital,” the following additional information is provided regarding BHF’s primary sources and uses of liquidity and capital:
Distributions from and Capital Contributions to BH Holdings
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, BHF received cash distributions of $350 million and $310 million, respectively, from BH Holdings. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, BHF did not make any cash capital contributions to BH Holdings.
Short-term Intercompany Loans
BHF, as borrower, has a short-term intercompany loan agreement with certain of its non-insurance subsidiaries, as lenders, for the purposes of facilitating the management of the available cash of the borrower and the lenders on a short-term and consolidated basis. Such intercompany loan agreement allows management to optimize the efficient use of and maximize the yield on cash between BHF and its subsidiary lenders. Each loan entered into under this intercompany loan agreement has a term not more than 364 days and bears interest on the unpaid principal amount at a variable rate, payable monthly. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, BHF borrowed $661 million and $547 million, respectively, from certain of its non-insurance subsidiaries and repaid $945 million and $614 million of such borrowings during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, BHF had total obligations outstanding of $428 million and $712 million, respectively, under such agreements.
Intercompany Liquidity Facilities
BHF has established intercompany liquidity facilities with certain of its insurance and non-insurance subsidiaries to provide short-term liquidity within and across the combined group of companies. Under these facilities, which are comprised of a series of revolving loan agreements among BHF and its participating subsidiaries, each company may lend to or borrow from each other, subject to certain maximum limits for a term not more than 364 days. During both the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, there were no borrowings or repayments by BHF under these facilities and, at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, BHF had no obligations outstanding under such facilities.
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Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report and other oral or written statements that we make from time to time may contain information that includes or is based upon forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. We have tried, wherever possible, to identify such statements using words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “intend,” “goal,” “target,” “guidance,” “forecast,” “preliminary,” “objective,” “continue,” “aim,” “plan,” “believe” and other words and terms of similar meaning, or that are tied to future periods, in connection with a discussion of future operating or financial performance. In particular, these include, without limitation, statements relating to future actions, prospective services or products, financial projections, future performance or results of current and anticipated services or products, sales efforts, expenses, the outcome of contingencies such as legal proceedings, as well as trends in operating and financial results.
Any or all forward-looking statements may turn out to be wrong. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many such factors will be important in determining the actual future results of Brighthouse Financial. These statements are based on current expectations and the current economic environment and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. These statements are not guarantees of future performance. Actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. Although it is not possible to identify all of these risks and factors, they include, among others:
•differences between actual experience and actuarial assumptions and the effectiveness of our actuarial models;
•higher risk management costs and exposure to increased market risk due to guarantees within certain of our products;
•the effectiveness of our variable annuity exposure risk management strategy and the impact of such strategy on volatility in our profitability measures and negative effects on our statutory capital;
•material differences from actual outcomes compared to the sensitivities calculated under certain scenarios and sensitivities that we may utilize in connection with our variable annuity risk management strategies;
•the impact of interest rates on our future ULSG policyholder obligations and net income volatility;
•the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;
•the potential material adverse effect of changes in accounting standards, practices or policies applicable to us, including changes in the accounting for long-duration contracts;
•loss of business and other negative impacts resulting from a downgrade or a potential downgrade in our financial strength or credit ratings;
•the availability of reinsurance and the ability of the counterparties to our reinsurance or indemnification arrangements to perform their obligations thereunder;
•heightened competition, including with respect to service, product features, scale, price, actual or perceived financial strength, claims-paying ratings, credit ratings, e-business capabilities and name recognition;
•our ability to market and distribute our products through distribution channels;
•any failure of third parties to provide services we need, any failure of the practices and procedures of such third parties and any inability to obtain information or assistance we need from third parties;
•the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us, and our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders and repurchase our common stock;
•the risks associated with climate change;
•the adverse impact on liabilities for policyholder claims as a result of extreme mortality events;
•the impact of adverse capital and credit market conditions, including with respect to our ability to meet liquidity needs and access capital;
•the impact of economic conditions in the capital markets and the U.S. and global economy, as well as geo-political events, military actions or catastrophic events, on our investment portfolio, including on realized and unrealized losses and impairments, net investment spread and net investment income;
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•the impact of events that adversely affect issuers, guarantors or collateral relating to our investments or our derivatives counterparties, on impairments, valuation allowances, reserves, net investment income and changes in unrealized gain or loss positions;
•the impact of changes in regulation and in supervisory and enforcement policies on our insurance business or other operations;
•the potential material negative tax impact of potential future tax legislation that could make some of our products less attractive to consumers;
•the effectiveness of our policies and procedures in managing risk;
•the loss or disclosure of confidential information, damage to our reputation and impairment of our ability to conduct business effectively as a result of any failure in cyber- or other information security systems;
•whether all or any portion of the tax consequences of our separation from MetLife, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries and affiliates, “MetLife”) are not as expected, leading to material additional taxes or material adverse consequences to tax attributes that impact us;
•the uncertainty of the outcome of any disputes with MetLife over tax-related or other matters and agreements or disagreements regarding MetLife’s or our obligations under our other agreements; and
•other factors described in this report and from time to time in documents that we file with the SEC.
For the reasons described above, we caution you against relying on any forward-looking statements, which should also be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements included and the risks, uncertainties and other factors identified in our 2021 Annual Report, particularly in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” as well as in our other subsequent filings with the SEC. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as otherwise may be required by law.
Corporate Information
We routinely use our Investor Relations website to provide presentations, press releases and other information that may be deemed material to investors. Accordingly, we encourage investors and others interested in the Company to review the information that we share at http://investor.brighthousefinancial.com. In addition, our Investor Relations website allows interested persons to sign up to automatically receive e-mail alerts when we post financial information. Information contained on or connected to any website referenced in this report or any of our other filings with the SEC is not incorporated by reference in this report or in any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any website references are intended to be inactive textual references only unless expressly noted.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We regularly analyze our market risk exposure to interest rate, equity market price, credit spreads and foreign currency exchange rate risks. As a result of that analysis, we have determined that the estimated fair values of certain assets and liabilities are significantly exposed to changes in interest rates, and to a lesser extent, to changes in equity market prices and foreign currency exchange rates. We have exposure to market risk through our insurance and annuity operations and general account investment activities. For purposes of this discussion, “market risk” is defined as changes in estimated fair value resulting from changes in interest rates, equity market prices, credit spreads and foreign currency exchange rates. We may have additional financial impacts other than changes in estimated fair value, which are beyond the scope of this discussion. A description of our market risk exposures may be found under “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our 2021 Annual Report.
There have been no material changes to our market risk exposures from the market risk exposures previously disclosed in our 2021 Annual Report with the exception of sensitivity to changes in interest rates previously disclosed in our Second Quarter Form 10-Q.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2022.
MetLife provides certain services to the Company on a transitional basis through services agreements. The Company continues to change business processes, implement systems and establish new third-party arrangements. We consider these in aggregate to be material changes in our internal control over financial reporting.
Other than as noted above, there were no changes to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, these internal controls over financial reporting.
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Part II — Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See Note 11 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We discuss in this report, in our 2021 Annual Report and in our other filings with the SEC, various risks that may materially affect our business. In addition, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” included herein. There have been no material changes to our risk factors from the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2021 Annual Report.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Purchases of BHF common stock made by or on behalf of BHF or its affiliates during the three months ended September 30, 2022 are set forth below:
PeriodTotal Number of Shares Purchased (1)Average Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
(In millions)
July 1 — July 31, 20221,188,585 $40.79 1,189,105 $474 
August 1 — August 31, 2022948,170 $47.10 947,897 $429 
September 1 — September 30, 2022909,020 $47.48 904,774 $386 
Total3,045,775 3,041,776 
__________________
(1)Where applicable, total number of shares purchased includes shares of common stock withheld with respect to option exercise costs and tax withholding obligations associated with the exercise or vesting of share-based compensation awards under our publicly announced benefit plans or programs.
(2)See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — The Company — Primary Uses of Liquidity and Capital — Common Stock Repurchases” and Note 8 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on common stock repurchases.
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Item 6. Exhibits
(Note Regarding Reliance on Statements in Our Contracts: In reviewing the agreements included as exhibits herein, please remember that they are included to provide you with information regarding their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or disclosure information about Brighthouse Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries or affiliates or the other parties to the agreements. The agreements contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and (i) should not in all instances be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate; (ii) have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement, which disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreement; (iii) may apply standards of materiality in a way that is different from what may be viewed as material to investors; and (iv) were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement and are subject to more recent developments. Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time. Additional information about Brighthouse Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates may be found elsewhere herein and Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s other public filings, which are available without charge through the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission website at www.sec.gov.)
Exhibit No.Description
31.1*
31.2*
32.1**
32.2**
101.INS*XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
104*
The cover page of Brighthouse Financial, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL (included within the Exhibit 101 attachments).
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

BRIGHTHOUSE FINANCIAL, INC.
By:/s/ Edward A. Spehar
Name:Edward A. Spehar
Title:Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
Date: November 8, 2022
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