497 1 roundhilletherstrategypros.htm ROUNDHILL ETHER 497A Document

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
Dated August 4, 2023
THE INFORMATION HEREIN IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.
Roundhill Ether Strategy ETF
(ETHX)

Listed on [ ]



PROSPECTUS

[ ], 2023




























These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”), nor have the SEC or CFTC passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.




Roundhill Ether Strategy ETF

TABLE OF CONTENTS
FUND SUMMARY
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RISKS
PERFORMANCE
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES
TAX INFORMATION
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY COMPENSATION
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RISKS
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT
INVESTMENT ADVISER
SUB-ADVISER
MANAGEMENT OF THE SUBSIDIARY
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES
BOOK ENTRY
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF SHARES
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
FAIR VALUE PRICING
DELIVERY OF SHAREHOLDER DOCUMENTS - HOUSEHOLDING
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES
DISTRIBUTION PLAN
PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION
ADDITIONAL NOTICES
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS



ROUNDHILL ETHER STRATEGY ETF – FUND SUMMARY
Investment Objective
The Roundhill Ether Strategy ETF (the “Fund”) seeks capital appreciation. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Management Fee1
0.19%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees0.00%
Other Expenses2
0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses[ ]%
1 Roundhill Financial Inc. (the “Adviser”), the Fund’s investment adviser, has contractually agreed to waive the management fee it receives from the Fund in an amount equal to the management fee paid to the Adviser by the Subsidiary (defined below). This undertaking will continue in effect for so long as the Fund invests in the Subsidiary, and may be terminated only with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”).
2 Estimated for the current fiscal year.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year3 Years
$[ ]$[ ]
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks capital appreciation by investing in Ether futures contracts. Ether is a digital asset, sometimes referred to as a digital currency or “cryptocurrency,” that is created and transmitted through the operations of the peer-to-peer Ethereum Network, a decentralized network of computers that operates on cryptographic protocols. The Fund does not invest directly in Ether.
The Fund is not an index tracking ETF and instead seeks to achieve its investment objective through its investments in Ether futures contracts. The Fund will invest in standardized, cash-settled ether futures contracts and micro ether futures contracts traded on commodity exchanges registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) (“Ether Futures”). Currently, the Fund invests in Chicago Mercantile Exchange (the “CME”) listed Ether Futures only. The Fund generally seeks to invest in front-month Ether Futures, but also may invest in back-month Ether Futures. Front-month Ether Futures are those contracts with the shortest time to maturity. Back-month Ether Futures are those with longer times to maturity.
The Fund expects to gain exposure to Ether Futures by investing a portion of its assets in a wholly owned subsidiary of the Fund organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands and advised by the Adviser (the “Subsidiary”). The Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary is intended to provide the Fund with indirect exposure to Ether Futures within the limits of current federal
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income tax laws applicable to investment companies such as the Fund, which limit the ability of investment companies to invest directly in Ether Futures. The Subsidiary has the same investment objective as the Fund, but it may invest in Ether Futures to a greater extent than the Fund. Except as otherwise noted, for purposes of this Prospectus, references to the Fund’s investments include the Fund’s indirect investments through the Subsidiary. Because the Fund intends to elect to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the size of the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary generally will be limited to 25% of the Fund’s total assets, tested at the end of each fiscal quarter. The Fund may, however, exceed this amount from time to time if the Adviser believes doing so is in the best interest of the Fund, taking into consideration any potential tax consequences (see “Tax Risk” discussion below for more information).
The Fund may invest in short-term cash instruments that have a remaining maturity of 397 days or less and exhibit high quality credit profiles. For example, the Fund may invest in U.S. Treasury Bills, which are U.S. government securities that have initial maturities of one year or less and are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The Fund also expects to engage in reverse repurchase agreements, a form of borrowing, and use the proceeds for investment purposes.
The Fund does not take temporary defensive positions. The Fund will generally hold its Ether Futures during periods in which the value of Ether or Ether Futures are flat or declining as well as during periods in which the value of Ether or Ether Futures is rising. To maintain its exposure to Ether Futures, the Fund must sell its futures contracts as they near expiration and replace them with new futures contracts with a later expiration date. This is often referred to as “rolling” a futures contract. Futures contracts with a longer term to expiration may be priced higher than futures contracts with a shorter term to expiration, a relationship called “contango.” When rolling futures contracts that are in contango, the Fund will sell the expiring contract at a relatively lower price and buy a longer-dated contract at a relatively higher price.
Conversely, futures contracts with a longer term to expiration may be priced lower than futures contracts with a shorter term to expiration, a relationship called “backwardation.” When rolling futures contracts that are in backwardation, the Fund will sell the expiring contract at a relatively higher price and buy a longer-dated contract at a relatively lower price.
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and, therefore, may invest a greater percentage of its assets in a particular issuer or financial instrument with a single counterparty than a diversified fund. The Fund will not concentrate its investments (i.e., hold more than 25% of its total assets) in any industry or group of related industries. The Fund does not invest in, or seek direct exposure to, the current “spot” or cash price of Ether. Investors seeking direct exposure to the price of Ether should consider an investment other than the Fund.
Principal Investment Risks
Ether and Ether Futures are relatively new investments. They are subject to unique and substantial risks and historically have been subject to significant price volatility. The value of an investment in the Fund could decline significantly and without warning, including to $0. You should be prepared for the possibility of losing your entire investment. The performance of Ether Futures, and therefore the performance of the Fund, may differ significantly from the performance of Ether.
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), trading price, yield, total return and/or ability to meet its investment objective. The following risks could affect the value of your investment in the Fund:
Active Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and may not meet its investment objective based on the Adviser’s success or failure to implement strategies for the Fund. The Fund invests in derivative instruments, including, in particular, futures contracts. Such instruments may create enhanced risks for the Fund and the Adviser’s ability to control the Fund’s level of risk will depend on the Adviser’s skill in managing such instruments. In addition, the Adviser’s evaluations and assumptions regarding investments, interest rates, inflation, and other factors may not successfully achieve the Fund’s investment objective given actual market conditions.
Market Risk. The trading prices of securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers. The Fund’s NAV and market price, like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time. U.S. and international markets have experienced significant periods of volatility in recent years due to a number of these factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and
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related public health issues, growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, uncertainties regarding interest rates, trade tensions and the threat of tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other countries. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues, recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. These developments as well as other events could result in further market volatility and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of certain securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other markets. It is unknown how long circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic will persist, whether they will reoccur in the future, whether efforts to support the economy and financial markets will be successful, and what additional implications may follow from the pandemic. The impact of these events and other epidemics or pandemics in the future could adversely affect Fund performance.
Ether Futures Risk. The market for Ether Futures may be less developed, and potentially less liquid and more volatile, than more established futures markets. While the Ether Futures market has grown substantially since Ether Futures commenced trading, there can be no assurance that this growth will continue. The price for Ether Futures is based on a number of factors, including the supply of and the demand for Ether Futures. Market conditions and expectations, position limits, accountability levels, collateral requirements, availability of counterparties, and other factors each can affect the supply of and demand for Ether Futures. Increased demand, including demand resulting from the purchase, or anticipated purchase, of Ether Futures by the Fund or other entities, paired with supply constraints and other factors may cause Ether Futures to trade at a significant premium to the “spot” price of Ether. It is not possible to predict when such conditions will arise or whether or for how long such conditions would continue. To the extent the Fund purchases futures contracts at a premium and the premium declines, the value of an investment in the Fund also should be expected to decline.
Market conditions and expectations, position limits, accountability levels, collateral requirements, availability of counterparties, and other factors may limit the Fund’s ability to achieve its desired exposure to Ether Futures. If the Fund is unable to achieve such exposure it may not be able to meet its investment objective and the Fund’s returns may be different or lower than expected. Additionally, collateral requirements may require the Fund to liquidate its position, potentially incurring losses and expenses, when it otherwise would not do so. Investing in derivatives like Ether Futures may be considered aggressive and may expose the Fund to significant risks. These risks include counterparty risk and liquidity risk.
The performance of Ether Futures and Ether may differ and may not be correlated with each other, over short or long periods of time. The performance of back-month futures contracts is likely to differ more significantly from the spot price of Ether. To the extent the Fund is invested in back-month Ether Futures, the performance of the Fund should also be expected to deviate more significantly from the performance of the spot price of Ether.
Ether Futures Capacity Risk. If the Fund’s ability to obtain exposure to Ether Futures consistent with its investment objective is disrupted for any reason including, for example, limited liquidity in the Ether Futures market, a disruption to the Ether Futures market, or as a result of margin requirements, position limits, accountability levels, or other limitations imposed by the Fund’s futures commission merchants (“FCMs”), the listing exchanges, or the CFTC, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective and may experience significant losses.
In such circumstances, the Adviser intends to take such action as it believes appropriate and in the best interest of the Fund. Any disruption in the Fund’s ability to obtain exposure to Ether Futures will cause the Fund’s performance to deviate from the performance of Ether and Ether Futures. Additionally, the ability of the Fund to obtain exposure to Ether Futures is limited by certain tax rules that limit the amount the Fund can invest in its wholly owned subsidiary as of the end of each tax quarter. Exceeding this amount may have tax consequences, see “Tax Risk” for more information.
High Margin Requirements Risk. Margin levels for Ether Futures are substantially higher than margin requirements for more established futures contracts. Additionally, the FCMs utilized by the Fund may impose margin requirements in addition to those imposed by the exchanges. Margin requirements are subject to change and may be raised in the future by the exchanges and the FCMs. High margin requirements could prevent the Fund from obtaining sufficient exposure to Ether Futures and may adversely affect its ability to achieve its investment objective. Further, FCMs utilized by the Fund may impose limits on the amount of exposure to futures contracts the Fund can obtain through such FCMs. If the Fund cannot obtain sufficient exposure to Ether Futures through its FCMs, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Ethereum Strategy Risk. The Fund indirectly invests in Ether Futures through the Subsidiary. The Fund does not invest directly in Ether. The price of Ethereum Futures should be expected to differ from the current cash price of Ether, which is sometimes referred to as the “spot” price of Ether. Consequently, the performance of the Fund should be
5


expected to perform differently from the spot price of Ether. These differences could be significant. The following risks are associated with the Ethereum market:
Ethereum Adoption Risk. The further development and acceptance of the Ethereum network, which is part of a new and rapidly changing industry, is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing, stopping or reversing of the development or acceptance of the Ethereum network may adversely affect the price of Ether and therefore cause the Fund to suffer losses. The growth of this industry is subject to a high degree of uncertainty, and the factors affecting its further development include, but are not limited to, the continued growth or possible reversal in the adoption of Ethereum, government regulation over Ethereum, the maintenance and development of the Ethereum network, the availability and popularity of other mediums of exchange for buying and selling goods and services and consumer or public perception of Ethereum specifically or other digital asset networks generally.
Ethereum Cybersecurity Risk. Cybersecurity exploitations or attacks against the Ethereum protocol and of entities that custody or facilitate the transfers or trading of Ether could result in a significant theft of Ether and a loss of public confidence in Ethereum, which could lead to a decline in the value of Ether and, as a result, adversely impact the Fund’s investment in Ether Futures. Additionally, if a malicious actor or botnet (i.e., a volunteer or hacked collection of computers controlled by networked software coordinating the actions of the computers) obtains control of more than 50% of the processing power of the Ethereum network, such actor or botnet could alter the blockchain and adversely affect the value of Ether, which would adversely affect the Fund’s investment in Ether Futures.
Ethereum Regulatory Risk. Regulatory changes or actions may alter the nature of an investment in Ethereum or restrict the use of Ethereum or the operations of the Ethereum network or venues on which Ether trades in a manner that adversely affects the price of Ether and, therefore, Ether Futures. For example, it may become difficult or illegal to acquire, hold, sell or use Ether in one or more countries, which could adversely impact the price of Ether. There is a possibility of future regulatory change altering, perhaps to a material extent, the ability to buy and sell Ether and Ether Futures. Similarly, future regulatory changes could impact the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective or alter the nature of an investment in the Fund or the ability of the Fund to continue to operate as planned.
Ether Trading Venues Operational Risk. Over the past several years, a number of venues through which Ether trades have been closed due to fraud, failure or security breaches. In many of these instances, the customers of such exchanges were not compensated or made whole for the partial or complete losses of their account balances in such exchanges. In addition, some academics and market observers have put forth evidence to support claims that manipulative trading activity has occurred on certain Ethereum exchanges. Operational problems or failures by Ethereum trading venues and fluctuations in Ether prices may reduce confidence in these venues or in Ethereum generally, which could adversely affect the price of Ether and therefore adversely affect the Fund’s investment in Ether Futures.
Unlike the exchanges utilized by traditional assets, such as equity and bond securities, Ethereum trading venues are largely unregulated. As a result, individuals or groups may engage in fraud and investors may be more exposed to the risk of theft and market manipulation than when investing in more traditional asset classes. Investors in Ether may have little or no recourse should such theft, fraud or manipulation occur and could suffer significant losses. A significant portion of Ether is held by a small number of holders, who have the ability to manipulate the price of Ether.
Ether Pricing Volatility Risk. The price of Ether has experienced periods of extreme volatility. Ether price volatility may be influenced by, among other things, trading activity on and the closing of digital asset trading platforms (including those featuring leveraged trading) due to fraud, failure, security breaches or otherwise. Ether price volatility also may be influenced by momentum pricing. Also, speculation by traders and investors regarding the potential future appreciation in the value of Ether may inflate the price of Ether. Conversely, a decrease in demand or speculation for, or government regulation (including, without limitation, the tax treatment of Ethereum transactions) and the perception of onerous regulatory actions, may cause a drop in the price of Ether. Further, developments related to the Ethereum network’s operations, individual digital asset trading platforms and the overall Ethereum market also contribute to the volatility in the price of Ether. Such volatility in the future, including further declines in the trading prices of Ether, could have a material adverse effect on the value of Ether Futures, and therefore on the Fund’s performance and the value of Shares. Shares could lose all or substantially all of their value.
51% Attack Risk. A 51% attack is an attack on a blockchain by a group of miners who control more than 50% of the networks mining hash rate. Attackers with majority network control can interrupt the recording of new blocks by preventing other miners from completing blocks. Like other blockchains, the Ethereum Network could come under a 51% attack in which bad actors attempt to gain control of the network. Such an attack may adversely impact the
6


attractiveness of the Ethereum Network and may adversely impact the Fund’s investment in Ether Futures. Additionally, if one or a coordinated group of validators were to gain control of 51% of the Ethereum Network, they may have the ability to manipulate transactions, halt payments and fraudulently obtain ether.
Counterparty Risk. Investing in derivatives and repurchase agreements involves entering into contracts with third parties (i.e., counterparties). The use of derivatives and repurchase agreements involves risks that are different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The Fund will be subject to credit risk (i.e., the risk that a counterparty is or is perceived to be unwilling or unable to make timely payments or otherwise meet its contractual obligations) with respect to the amount it expects to receive from counterparties to derivatives and repurchase agreements entered into by the Fund. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or fails to perform its obligations, or if any collateral posted by the counterparty for the benefit of the Fund is insufficient or there are delays in the Fund’s ability to access such collateral, the value of an investment in the Fund may decline. The counterparty to a listed futures contract is the derivatives clearing organization for the listed future. The listed future is held through an FCM acting on behalf of the Fund. Consequently, the counterparty risk on a listed futures contract is the creditworthiness of the FCM and the exchange’s clearing corporation.
Derivatives Risk. The Fund’s derivative investments have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets or index; the loss of principal, including the potential loss of amounts greater than the initial amount invested in the derivative instrument; and illiquidity of the derivative investments. The derivatives used by the Fund may give rise to a form of leverage. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and may result in greater losses, which in some cases may cause the Fund to liquidate other portfolio investments at inopportune times (e.g., at a loss to comply with limits on leverage and asset segregation requirements imposed by the 1940 Act or when the Adviser otherwise would have preferred to hold the investment) or to meet redemption requests. Certain of the Fund’s transactions in derivatives could also affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders, which may result in the Fund realizing more short-term capital gain and ordinary income subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not engage in such transactions, which may adversely impact the Fund’s after-tax returns. To the extent the Fund invests in such derivative instruments, the value of the Fund’s portfolio is likely to experience greater volatility over short-term periods.
Futures Contracts Risk. The successful use of futures contracts draws upon the Adviser’s skill and experience with respect to such instruments and is subject to special risk considerations. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts, which may adversely affect the Fund’s NAV and total return, are: (a) the imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the commodity future and the price of commodity; (b) possible lack of a liquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a futures contract when desired; (c) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited; (d) the Adviser’s inability to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors; (e) the possibility that the counterparty will default in the performance of its obligations; and (f) if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities from its portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements, and the Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it maybe disadvantageous to do so.
Cost of Futures Investment Risk. When a commodities futures is nearing expiration, the Fund will generally sell it and use the proceeds to buy a commodities future with a later expiration date. This practice is commonly referred to as “rolling.” The costs associated with rolling commodities futures typically are substantially higher than the costs associated with other futures contracts and may have a significant adverse impact on the performance of the Fund.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk. The Fund seeks to engage in reverse repurchase agreements, a form of borrowing, and use the proceeds for investment purposes. The use of reverse repurchase agreements, therefore, constitutes a form of leverage. Leverage can have the effect of magnifying the Fund’s exposure to changes in the value of its assets and may result in increased volatility. The use of reverse repurchase agreements also may cause the Fund to liquidate positions under adverse market conditions to satisfy its repayment obligations.
Subsidiary Investment Risk. By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. The derivatives and other investments held by the Subsidiary are generally similar to those that are permitted to be held by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund. The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act, and, unless otherwise noted in this Prospectus, is not subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to continue to operate as it does currently and could adversely affect the Fund. For example, the Cayman Islands does not currently impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax or withholding tax on the Subsidiary. If Cayman Islands law changes such that the Subsidiary must pay Cayman Islands taxes, Fund shareholders would likely suffer decreased investment returns.
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Tax Risk. The Fund may gain most of its exposure to the Ethereum Futures through its investment in the Subsidiary, which invests directly in such Ethereum Futures. In order for the Fund to qualify as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, the Fund must, among other requirements, derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from sources generating “qualifying income” for purposes of the “qualifying income test,” which is described in more detail in the section titled “Federal Income Taxes” in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”). The Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary is expected to provide the Fund with exposure to Ethereum Futures within the limitations of the federal tax requirements of Subchapter M of the Code for qualification as a RIC. The “Subpart F” income (defined in Section 951 of the Code to include passive income, including from commodity-linked derivatives (including Ethereum Futures)) of the Fund attributable to its investment in the Subsidiary is “qualifying income” to the Fund to the extent that such income is derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies. The Fund expects its “Subpart F” income attributable to its investment in the Subsidiary to be derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies and accordingly expects its “Subpart F” income attributable to its investment in the Subsidiary to be treated as “qualifying income.” Furthermore, while the applicable rules do not require distributions from the Subsidiary, the Fund intends to cause the Subsidiary to make distributions that would allow the Fund to make timely distributions to its shareholders. The Fund generally will be required to include in its own taxable income the “Subpart F” income of the Subsidiary for a tax year, regardless of whether the Fund receives a distribution of the Subsidiary’s income in that tax year, and this income would nevertheless be subject to the distribution requirement for qualification as a RIC and would be taken into account for purposes of the 4% excise tax. The Adviser will carefully monitor the Fund’s investments in the Subsidiary to ensure that no more than 25% of the Fund’s assets are invested in the Subsidiary to comply with the Fund’s asset diversification test as described in more detail in the SAI.
If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income would be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. In such event, in order to re-qualify for taxation as a RIC, the Fund might be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make certain distributions. This would cause investors to incur higher tax liabilities than they otherwise would have incurred and would have a negative impact on Fund returns. In such event, the Board may determine to reorganize or close the Fund or materially change the Fund’s investment objective and strategies. In the event that the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC, the Fund will promptly notify shareholders of the implications of that failure.
Valuation Risk. The Fund or the Subsidiary may hold securities or other assets that may be valued on the basis of factors other than market quotations. This may occur because the asset or security does not trade on a centralized exchange, or in times of market turmoil or reduced liquidity. There are multiple methods that can be used to value a portfolio holding when market quotations are not readily available. The value established for any portfolio holding at a point in time might differ from what would be produced using a different methodology or if it had been priced using market quotations. Portfolio holdings that are valued using techniques other than market quotations, including “fair valued” assets or securities, may be subject to greater fluctuation in their valuations from one day to the next than if market quotations were used. In addition, there is no assurance that the Fund or the Subsidiary could sell or close out a portfolio position for the value established for it at any time, and it is possible that the Fund or the Subsidiary would incur a loss because a portfolio position is sold or closed out at a discount to the valuation established by the Fund or the Subsidiary at that time. The Adviser’s ability to value investments may be impacted by technological issues or errors by pricing services or other third-party service providers.
Volatility Risk. The value of certain of the Fund’s investments, including Ether Futures is subject to market risk. Market risk is the risk that the value of the investments to which the Fund is exposed will fall, which could occur due to general market or economic conditions or other factors. Ether has historically exhibited higher price volatility than more traditional asset classes; for example, during the period from [ ] to [ ], Ether experienced a decline of roughly [ ]% and it has experienced dramatic declines over shorter periods of time, including within a single day. The value of Ether and, therefore, the value of Ether Futures, could decline rapidly, including to $0. You should be prepared for the possibility of losing your entire investment.
Whipsaw Markets Risk. The Fund may be subject to the forces of “whipsaw” markets (as opposed to choppy or stable markets), in which significant price movements develop but then repeatedly reverse. “Whipsaw” describes a situation where a security’s price is moving in one direction but then quickly pivots to move in the opposite direction. Such market conditions could cause substantial losses to the Fund.
Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. Liquidity risk may adversely affect the Fund’s returns if the Fund is unable to transact at advantageous times or prices.
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Borrowing Risk. The Fund may borrow for investment purposes using reverse repurchase agreements. The cost of borrowing may reduce the Fund’s returns. Borrowing may cause the Fund to liquidate positions under adverse market conditions to satisfy its repayment obligations. Borrowing increases the risk of loss and may increase the volatility of the Fund.
Cash Transaction Risk. The Fund expects to effect all of its creations and redemptions for cash, rather than in-kind securities. The Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. The use of cash creations and redemptions also may cause the Fund’s shares to trade in the market at wider bid-ask spreads or greater premiums or discounts to the Fund’s NAV. Further, effecting purchases and redemptions primarily in cash may cause the Fund to incur certain costs, such as portfolio transaction costs. These costs can decrease the Fund’s NAV if not offset by an authorized participant transaction fee.
ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF and, as a result of its structure, it is exposed to the following risks:
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants (“APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Costs of Buying or Selling Shares Risk. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV Risk. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant.
Trading Risk. Although Shares are listed for trading on the [ ] (the “Exchange”) and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than the Shares.
Clearing Broker Risk. The failure or bankruptcy of the Fund’s and the Subsidiary’s clearing broker could result in a substantial loss of Fund assets. Under current CFTC regulations, a clearing broker maintains customers’ assets in a bulk segregated account. If a clearing broker fails to do so, or is unable to satisfy a substantial deficit in a customer account, its other customers may be subject to risk of loss of their funds in the event of that clearing broker’s bankruptcy. In that event, the clearing broker’s customers, such as the Fund and the Subsidiary, are entitled to recover, even in respect of property specifically traceable to them, only a proportional share of all property available for distribution to all of that clearing broker’s customers.
Collateral Securities Risk. Collateral may include obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, including bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury, money market funds and corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper. Some securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, in which case the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the security for ultimate repayment, and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States itself in the event that the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment. The U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities, and consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate. Although the Fund may hold securities that carry U.S. government guarantees, these guarantees do not extend to shares of the Fund. The Fund’s investments in U.S. government securities will change in value in response to interest rate changes and other factors, such as the perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness. Money market funds are subject to management fees and other expenses. Therefore, investments in money market funds will cause the Fund to bear indirectly a proportional share of
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the fees and costs of the money market funds in which it invests. At the same time, the Fund will continue to pay its own management fees and expenses with respect to all of its assets, including any portion invested in the shares of the money market fund. It is possible to lose money by investing in money market funds. Corporate debt securities such as commercial paper generally are short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses. Corporate debt may be rated investment-grade or below investment-grade and may carry variable or floating rates of interest. Corporate debt securities carry both credit risk and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the risk that the Fund could lose money if the issuer of a corporate debt security is unable to pay interest or repay principal when it is due. Interest rate risk is the risk that interest rates rise and fall over time. For example, the value of fixed-income securities generally decrease when interest rates rise, which may cause the Fund’s value to decrease. Also, investments in fixed-income securities with longer maturities fluctuate more in response to interest rate changes. Some corporate debt securities that are rated below investment-grade generally are considered speculative because they present a greater risk of loss, including default, than higher quality debt securities.
Commodity Pool Regulatory Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure to Ether Futures will cause the Subsidiary and may cause the Fund to each be deemed to be a commodity pool, thereby subjecting the Subsidiary and the Fund to regulation under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) and CFTC rules. The Adviser [is registered as a Commodity Pool Operator (“CPO”) and Exchange Traded Concepts, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser”), the Fund’s sub-adviser, is registered as a Commodity Trading Advisor (“CTA”).]
Cybersecurity Risk. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and/or other service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or the Fund’s other service providers, market makers, APs, the Fund’s primary listing exchange, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to disrupt and negatively affect the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders.
Early Close/Trading Halt Risk. An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in the Fund being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments. In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments, and/or may incur substantial trading losses.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund, through the Subsidiary, may frequently buy and sell Ether futures and other assets as part of its strategy to obtain exposure to Ether. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the Fund paying higher levels of transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for shareholders. Portfolio turnover risk may cause the Fund’s performance to be less than you expect.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors have no track record or history on which to base their investment decision.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a lesser number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, the Fund may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer or a lesser number of issuers than a fund that invests more widely. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively small number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Performance
The Fund is new and therefore does not have a performance history for a full calendar year. In the future, performance information for the Fund will be presented in this section. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.roundhillinvestments.com.
Portfolio Management
Adviser
Roundhill Financial Inc.
Sub-Adviser
Exchange Traded Concepts, LLC
Portfolio Managers
Andrew Serowik, Todd Alberico, and Gabriel Tan, each a portfolio manager for the Sub-Adviser, have been portfolio managers of the Fund since its inception in [ ] 2023
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Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a broker or dealer at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. The difference in the bid and ask prices is referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
Recent information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.roundhillinvestments.com.
Tax Information
Income and capital gains distributions you receive from the Fund generally are subject to federal income taxes and also may be subject to state and local taxes. The Fund intends to distribute income, if any, monthly, and capital gains, if any, at least annually.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
Investment Objective
The Fund’s investment objective has been adopted as a non-fundamental investment policy and may be changed by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of Listed Funds Trust (the “Trust”) without shareholder approval upon written notice to shareholders.
Principal Investment Strategies
The following information is in addition to, and should be read along with, the description of the Fund’s principal investment strategies in the section titled “Fund Summary—Principal Investment Strategies” above.
The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation primarily through managed exposure to Ether Futures. The Fund does not invest directly in Ether.
In seeking to achieve the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser takes into consideration, among other things, the relative liquidity of and costs associated with Ether Futures as well as regulatory requirements imposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), the CFTC, the listing exchanges and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”). The Fund generally seeks to remain fully invested at all times in investments that, in combination, provide exposure to Ether Futures without regard to market conditions, trends, or direction.
The Fund does not take temporary defensive positions.
Ether
Ether is a digital asset that is created and transmitted through the operations of the Ethereum Network, a peer-to-peer protocol that operates on principles of cryptography. No single entity owns or operates the Ethereum Network, the infrastructure of which is open source and collectively maintained by a community of developers. The Ethereum Network allows individuals to make transactions which are recorded on a public ledger commonly known as a blockchain. Ether can be used to pay for goods and services, including computational power on the Ethereum Network, or it can be converted to fiat currencies (i.e., a government issued currency not backed by any commodity, such as gold or silver), such as the U.S. dollar, at rates determined on Digital Asset Exchanges or in individual end-user-to-end-user transactions under a barter system. Furthermore, the Ethereum Network also allows users to write and implement smart contracts—that is, general-purpose code that executes on every computer in the network and can instruct the exchange of information and value based on a sophisticated set of logical conditions. Using smart contracts, users can create markets, store registries of debts or promises, represent the ownership of property, move funds in accordance with conditional instructions and create digital assets other than Ether on the Ethereum Network. Smart contract operations are executed on the Ethereum Blockchain in exchange for payment of Ether. The Ethereum Network is one of a number of projects intended to expand blockchain use beyond just a decentralized money system.
The Ethereum Network
The Ethereum Network is decentralized and does not require governmental authorities or financial institution intermediaries to create, transmit or determine the value of Ether. Rather, following the initial distribution of Ether, Ether was created and allocated by the Ethereum Network protocol through a proof-of-work “mining” consensus mechanism until September 2022. In September 2022, the Ethereum Network underwent an upgrade to a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism. Proof-of-stake consensus requires network participants to contribute (aka, “stake”) a certain amount of the digital asset associated with a given blockchain in order to validate transactions. A participant can be penalized if they attempt to validate transactions in a way that is fraudulent or violates the rules of the underlying blockchain. The value of Ether is determined by the supply of and demand for Ether on the Digital Asset Exchanges or in private end-user-to-end-user transactions.
New Ether is created and allocated to participants of the proof-of-stake consensus mechanism on the Ethereum Blockchain. The Ethereum Blockchain is effectively a decentralized database that includes all blocks that have been mined or validated to date and enables code execution for smart contracts. Each Ether transaction is publicly available to the Ethereum Network and, when included in a block, immutable on the Ethereum Blockchain. As each new block records outstanding Ether transactions, and outstanding transactions are settled and validated through such recording, the Ethereum Blockchain represents a complete, transparent and immutable history of all transactions of the Ethereum Network. Among other things, Ether is used to pay for transaction fees on the Ethereum Network.
Ether Futures
A futures contract is a standardized contract traded on, or subject to the rules of, an exchange to buy or sell a specified type and quantity of a particular underlying asset. Futures contracts are traded on a wide variety of underlying assets, including
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Ether, bonds, interest rates, agricultural products, stock indexes, currencies, digital assets, energy, metals, economic indicators and statistical measures. The contract unit (i.e., the total amount of the underlying asset referenced in each futures contract) and calendar term of futures contracts on a particular underlying asset are identical and are not subject to any negotiation, other than with respect to price and the number of contracts traded between the buyer and seller. Futures contracts expire on a designated date, referred to as the “expiration date.”
The Fund generally deposits cash (also known as “margin”) with an FCM for its open positions in futures contracts. The margin requirements, position limits, and accountability levels may be based on the notional exposure (i.e., the total dollar value of exposure the Fund has to the asset that underlies the futures contract) of the futures contracts or the number of futures contracts purchased. The FCM, in turn, generally transfers such deposits to the clearing house to protect the clearing house against non-payment by the Fund. “Variation Margin” is the amount of cash that each party agrees to pay to or receive from the other to reflect the daily fluctuation in the value of the futures contract. The clearing house becomes substituted for each counterparty to a futures contract and, if effect, guarantees performance. In addition, the FCM may require the Fund to deposit additional collateral in excess of the clearing house’s requirements for the FCM’s own protection. Margin requirements for CME Ethereum Futures are substantially higher than margin requirements for many other types of futures contracts.
Rolling of the Ether Futures
Futures contracts expire on a designated date, referred to as the “expiration date.” The Fund generally seeks to invest in “front month” CME Ether Futures, but also may obtain exposure to Ether Futures by investing in back month, cash-settled Ether Futures. “Front month” contracts are the monthly contracts with the nearest expiration date. Back-month Ether Futures are those with longer times to maturity. CME Ether Futures are cash settled on their expiration date unless they are “rolled” prior to expiration. The Fund intends to “roll” its CME Ether Futures prior to expiration. Typically, the Fund will roll to the next “nearby” CME Ether Futures. The “nearby” contracts are those contracts with the next closest expiration date.
Investment in the Cayman Subsidiary
The Fund expects to gain exposure to Ether Futures by investing a portion of its assets in the Subsidiary. The Subsidiary will be managed and advised by the Adviser and overseen by the Subsidiary’s board of directors.
Principal Investment Risks
An investment in the Fund entails risks. The Fund could lose money, or its performance could trail that of other investment alternatives. The following provides additional information about the Fund’s principal risks. It is important that investors closely review and understand these risks before making an investment in the Fund. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
Active Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed and may not meet its investment objective based on the Adviser’s success or failure to implement strategies for the Fund. The Fund invests in complex instruments (each described below), including futures contracts. Such instruments may create enhanced risks for the Fund, and the Adviser’s ability to control the Fund’s level of risk will depend on the Adviser’s skill in managing such instruments. In addition, the Adviser’s evaluations and assumptions regarding investments, interest rates, inflation, and other factors may not successfully achieve the Fund’s investment objective given actual market conditions.
Market Risk. The trading prices of securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers. The Fund’s NAV and market price, like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time. U.S. and international markets have experienced significant periods of volatility in recent years due to a number of economic, political and global macro factors, including public health issues, growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, uncertainties regarding interest rates, trade tensions and the threat of tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other countries. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues, recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the performance of the Fund and its investments. These developments as well as other events could result in further market volatility and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of certain securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other markets, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted economies and markets around the world, including the United States. The pandemic has resulted in a wide range of social and economic disruptions, including closed borders, voluntary or compelled quarantines of large populations, stressed healthcare systems, reduced or prohibited domestic or
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international travel, supply chain disruptions, and so-called “stay-at-home” orders throughout much of the United States and many other countries. Financial markets have experienced extreme volatility and severe losses, and trading in many instruments has been disrupted. Some sectors of the economy and individual issuers have experienced particularly large losses. Such disruptions may continue for an extended period of time or reoccur in the future to a similar or greater extent. Liquidity for many instruments has been greatly reduced for periods of time. In response to these disruptions, the U.S. government and the Federal Reserve have taken extraordinary actions to support the domestic economy and financial markets. It is unknown how long circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic will persist, whether they will reoccur in the future, whether efforts to support the economy and financial markets will be successful, and what additional implications may follow from the pandemic. The impact of these events and other epidemics or pandemics in the future could adversely affect Fund performance.
Ether Futures Risk. The Fund expects to obtain exposure to Ether through futures contracts. Ether Futures are financial contracts the value of which depends on, or is derived from, Ether. Ether Futures involve the risk that changes in their value may not move as expected relative to changes in the value of Ether. Futures contracts exhibit “futures basis,” which refers to the difference between the current market value of Ether (the “spot” price) and the price of the cash-settled Ether Futures. A negative futures basis exists when cash-settled Ether Futures generally trade at a premium to the current market value of Ether. If a negative futures basis exists, the Fund’s investments in Ether Futures will generally underperform a direct investment in Ether and, therefore, it may be more difficult for the Fund to maintain its desired level of target exposure. There can also be no guarantee that there will be a correlation between price movements in Ether Futures and in the price of Ether. As a result, the use of Ether Futures involves risks that are in addition to, and potentially greater than, the risks of investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets, and may be considered a speculative investment.
While the Ether Futures market has grown substantially since Ether Futures commenced trading, there can be no assurance that this growth will continue. Ether Futures are subject to collateral requirements and daily limits that may limit the Fund’s ability to achieve it desired level of target exposure to Ether, resulting in losses or otherwise preventing the Fund from achieving its objective. Additionally, these collateral requirements may require the Fund to liquidate its position when it otherwise would not do so.
The underlying cash or spot markets for Ether are generally not regulated by the SEC or the CFTC. Underlying Ether markets may not be subject to registration, licensing or fitness requirements, audit trail or trade reporting rules, market integrity rules, wash sale, spoofing or other anti-fraud rules, disaster recovery or cybersecurity requirements, surveillance requirements, or anti-money laundering rules that are as stringent as those to which national securities exchanges and futures exchanges are subject. Because of these factors, Ethereum markets may be more susceptible to fraud and manipulation, which could adversely affect the price of Ether and thereby the Fund’s investment in Ether Futures.
The market for Ether Futures is still developing and may be subject to periods of illiquidity. During such times it may be difficult or impossible to buy or sell a position at the desired price. Any type of disruption or illiquidity will potentially be exacerbated due to the fact that the Fund typically invests in Ether Futures. Limits imposed by counterparties, exchanges, or regulatory organizations, such as accountability levels, position limits, and daily price fluctuation limits, may contribute to a lack of liquidity and have a negative impact on Fund performance. Additional risks relating to Ether and Ether Futures are set forth below:
Risks of Manipulation and Fraud. There is no central registry showing which individuals or entities own Ether. It is possible that Ether may be concentrated in a small group of early adopters, and there are no regulations preventing a large holder of Ether from selling such holdings (which could depress the price of Ether) or otherwise attempting to manipulate the price of Ether. Malicious actors could theoretically structure an attack whereby such actors gains control of more than half of the Ethereum network’s processing power, thereby allowing them to exert unilateral control over the addition of blocks to the Ethereum blockchain. This would allow a malicious actor to engage in “double spending” (i.e., use the same Ether for two or more transactions), prevent other transactions from being confirmed on the blockchain, or prevent other network participants from validating new blocks. Any of these events could adversely affect the price of Ether, reduce user confidence in Ethereum and its trading venues; and slow (or even reverse) the further adoption of Ethereum.
Price Volatility. The price of Ether has experienced periods of extreme volatility and may change without warning in the future. This volatility is due to a number of factors, including the supply and demand for Ether, concerns about potential fraud or manipulation of the price of Ether and the safety of Ethereum, market perceptions of the value of Ether as an investment, continuing development of the regulations applicable to Ethereum, and the changes exhibited by an early-stage technological innovation. Speculation regarding the potential future appreciation in the
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price of Ether may artificially inflate or deflate the price of Ether, while government regulation or the perception of regulatory actions may cause a drop in the price of Ether.
Market Fragmentation. Market participants trading Ether Futures may seek to “hedge” their exposure to such contracts by taking offsetting positions in Ether. Fragmentation may require market participants to analyze multiple prices, which may be inconsistent and quickly changing. Fragmentation also may require market participants to potentially fill their positions through a number of transactions on different exchanges. These factors potentially increase the cost and uncertainty of trading Ether and may decrease the effectiveness of using transactions in Ether to help manage or offset positions in Ether Futures. Market participants who are unable to fully or effectively manage or hedge their positions in Ether Futures typically would be expected to widen the bid-ask spreads on such contracts, which could potentially decrease the trading volume and liquidity of such contracts and have a negative impact on the price of such contracts.
Legal and Regulatory Risks. Regulatory initiatives by governments may impact the use or operation of the Ethereum network in a manner that adversely affects Ether Futures. As Ethereum and other digital asset networks have grown in popularity and market size, certain U.S. federal and state governments, foreign governments and self-regulatory agencies have begun to examine the operations of Ethereum, cryptocurrencies and other digital asset networks. Regulation of cryptocurrencies, like Ether, and initial coin offerings in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions could restrict the use of Ethereum or impose other requirements that may adversely impact the liquidity and price of Ether. The regulation of Ethereum, digital assets and related products and services continues to evolve. This regulatory landscape may make it more difficult for Ethereum businesses to provide services, which may impede the growth of the Ethereum economy and have an adverse effect on consumer adoption of Ethereum. There is a possibility of future regulatory change altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in the Fund or the ability of the Fund to continue to operate. Additionally, to the extent that Ether itself is determined to be a security, futures or other regulated asset, or to the extent that a United States or foreign government or quasi-governmental agency exerts regulatory authority over the Ethereum network or Ethereum trading, Ether Futures may be adversely affected.
With the growing adoption of Ethereum and the significant increase in speculative activity surrounding Ether and other cryptocurrencies, third parties may be increasingly motivated to assert intellectual property rights claims relating to the operation of the Ethereum network or applications built upon its blockchain. Any threatened action that reduces confidence in the network’s or the blockchain’s long-term viability or the ability of end-users to hold and transfer Ether may adversely affect the price of Ether and adversely affect the Ether Futures. As a result, an intellectual property rights claim against the Ethereum network participants could have a material adverse impact on the Fund.
Ether Futures Capacity Risk. If the Fund’s ability to obtain exposure to Ether Futures is disrupted for any reason including, for example, limited liquidity in the Ether Futures market, a disruption to the Ether Futures market, or as a result of margin requirements or position limits imposed by the Fund’s FCMs, commodities exchanges, or the CFTC, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective and may experience significant losses. Any disruption in the Fund’s ability to obtain exposure to Ether Futures will cause the Fund’s performance to deviate from the performance of Ether and Ether Futures.
The exchange’s position limits prevent any single investor, such as the Fund (together with all other accounts managed by the Adviser required to be aggregated), from holding more than a specified number of Ether Futures. These position limits may hinder the Fund’s ability to enter into the desired amount of Ether Futures at times (possibly further hindered if other accounts are required to be aggregated that also held Ether Futures or options on Ether Futures). Because the Fund is new, it does not anticipate that the position limits will adversely affect the Fund’s ability to seek its target Ether exposure until the Fund’s assets under management grow significantly. Any determination to modify the Fund’s exposure to Ether may cause the Fund to liquidate its Ether Futures holdings at disadvantageous times or prices, potentially subjecting the Fund to substantial losses, and prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to achieve or maintain the target exposure.
High Margin Requirements Risk. Margin levels for Ether Futures are substantially higher than margin requirements for more established futures contracts. Additionally, the FCMs utilized by the Fund may impose margin requirements in addition to those imposed by the exchanges. Margin requirements are subject to change and may be raised in the future by the exchanges and the FCMs. High margin requirements could prevent the Fund from obtaining sufficient exposure to Ether Futures and may adversely affect its ability to achieve its investment objective. Further, FCMs utilized by the Fund may impose limits on the amount of exposure to futures contracts the
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Fund can obtain through such FCMs. If the Fund cannot obtain sufficient exposure through its FCMs, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Ethereum Strategy Risk. The Fund indirectly invests in Ether Futures through its Subsidiary. The Fund does not invest directly in Ether. The price of Ether Futures should be expected to differ from the current cash price of Ether, which is sometimes referred to as the “spot” price of Ether. Consequently, the performance of the Fund should be expected to perform differently from the spot price of Ether. These differences could be significant. The following risks are associated with the Ethereum market:
Ethereum Adoption Risk. The further development and acceptance of the Ethereum network, which is part of a new and rapidly changing industry, is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing, stopping or reversing of the development or acceptance of the Ethereum network may adversely affect the price of Ether and therefore cause the Fund to suffer losses. The growth of this industry is subject to a high degree of uncertainty, and the factors affecting its further development include, but are not limited to, the continued growth or possible reversal in the adoption of Ethereum, government regulation over Ethereum, the maintenance and development of the Ethereum network, the availability and popularity of other mediums of exchange for buying and selling goods and services and consumer or public perception of Ethereum specifically or other digital asset networks generally.
Ethereum Cybersecurity Risk. Blockchain technology and the Ethereum network functionality rely on the Internet. A significant disruption or interruption of Internet connectivity affecting large numbers of users or geographic areas could impede the functionality of blockchain technologies, the Ethereum network, the price of Ether and Ether Futures. In addition, certain features of blockchain technology, such as decentralization, open source protocol, and reliance on peer-to-peer connectivity, may increase the risk of fraud or cyber-attack by potentially reducing the likelihood of a coordinated response. Cybersecurity exploitations or attacks against the Ethereum protocol and of entities that custody or facilitate the transfers or trading of Ether could result in a significant theft of Ether and a loss of public confidence in Ethereum, which could lead to a decline in the value of Ether and, as a result, adversely impact the Fund’s investment in Ether Futures. Additionally, if a malicious actor or botnet (i.e., a volunteer or hacked collection of computers controlled by networked software coordinating the actions of the computers) obtains control of more than 50% of the processing power of the Ethereum network, such actor or botnet could alter the blockchain and adversely affect the value of Ether, which would adversely affect the Fund’s investment in Ether Futures.
Ethereum Regulatory Risk. Regulatory changes or actions may alter the nature of an investment in Ether or restrict the use or operations of the Ethereum network or venues on which Ether trades in a manner that adversely affects the price of Ether and, therefore, Ether Futures. For example, it may become difficult or illegal to acquire, hold, sell or use Ether in one or more countries, which could adversely impact the price of Ether. There is a possibility of future regulatory change altering, perhaps to a material extent, the ability to buy and sell Ether and Ether Futures. Similarly, future regulatory changes could impact the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective or alter the nature of an investment in the Fund or the ability of the Fund to continue to operate as planned.
Ethereum Trading Venues Operational Risk. Over the past several years, a number of venues through which Ether trades have been closed due to fraud, failure or security breaches. In many of these instances, the customers of such exchanges were not compensated or made whole for the partial or complete losses of their account balances in such exchanges. In addition, some academics and market observers have put forth evidence to support claims that manipulative trading activity has occurred on certain Ethereum exchanges. Operational problems or failures by Ethereum trading venues and fluctuations in Ether prices may reduce confidence in these venues or in Ethereum generally, which could adversely affect the price of Ether and therefore adversely affect the Fund’s investment in Ether Futures.
Unlike the exchanges utilized by traditional assets, such as equity and bond securities, Ethereum trading venues are largely unregulated. As a result, individuals or groups may engage in fraud and investors may be more exposed to the risk of theft and market manipulation than when investing in more traditional asset classes. Investors in Ether may have little or no recourse should such theft, fraud or manipulation occur and could suffer significant losses. A significant portion of Ether is held by a small number of holders, who have the ability to manipulate the price of Ether.
Ether Pricing Volatility Risk. The price of Ether has experienced periods of extreme volatility. Ethereum price volatility may be influenced by, among other things, trading activity on and the closing of digital asset trading platforms (including those featuring leveraged trading) due to fraud, failure, security breaches or otherwise. Ether price volatility also may be influenced by momentum pricing. Also, speculation by traders and investors regarding
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the potential future appreciation in the value of Ether may inflate the price of Ether. Conversely, a decrease in demand or speculation for, or government regulation (including, without limitation, the tax treatment of Ethereum transactions) and the perception of onerous regulatory actions, may cause a drop in the price of Ether. Further, developments related to the Ethereum network’s operations, individual digital asset trading platforms and the overall Ethereum market also contribute to the volatility in the price of Ether. Such volatility in the future, including further declines in the trading prices of Ether, could have a material adverse effect on the value of Ether Futures, and therefore on the Fund’s performance and the value of Shares. In addition, there is potential for herd behavior (e.g., multiple funds trying to exit positions at the same time) when there is extreme volatility. Shares could lose all or substantially all of their value.
51% Attack Risk. A 51% attack is an attack on a blockchain by a group of miners who control more than 50% of the networks mining hash rate. Attackers with majority network control can interrupt the recording of new blocks by preventing other miners from completing blocks. Like other blockchains, the Ethereum Network could come under a 51% attack in which bad actors attempt to gain control of the network. Such an attack may adversely impact the attractiveness of the Ethereum Network and may adversely impact the Fund’s investment in Ether Futures. Additionally, if one or a coordinated group of validators were to gain control of 51% of the Ethereum Network, they may have the ability to manipulate transactions, halt payments and fraudulently obtain ether.
Counterparty Risk. Investing in derivatives or repurchase agreements involves entering into contracts with third parties (i.e., counterparties). The use of derivatives and repurchase agreements involves risks that are different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The Fund will be subject to credit risk (i.e., the risk that a counterparty is or is perceived to be unwilling or unable to make timely payments or otherwise meet its contractual obligations) with respect to the amount it expects to receive from counterparties to financial instruments (including derivatives and repurchase agreements) entered into by the Fund. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or fails to perform its obligations, or if any collateral posted by the counterparty for the benefit of the Fund is insufficient or there are delays in the Fund’s ability to access such collateral, the value of an investment in the Fund may decline. The counterparty to a listed futures contract is the derivatives clearing organization for the listed future. The listed future is held through an FCM acting on behalf of the Fund. The Fund also seeks to mitigate risks by generally requiring that the counterparties agree to post collateral for the benefit of the Fund, marked to market daily, in an amount approximately equal to what the counterparty owes the Fund, subject to certain minimum thresholds. To the extent any such collateral is insufficient or there are delays in accessing the collateral, the Fund will be exposed to the risks described above, including possible delays in recovering amounts as a result of bankruptcy proceedings. The counterparty to a listed futures contract is the derivatives clearing organization for the listed future. The listed future is held through an FCM acting on behalf of the Fund. Consequently, the counterparty risk on a listed futures contract is the creditworthiness of the FCM and the exchange’s clearing corporation. Consequently, the counterparty risk on a listed futures contract is the creditworthiness of the FCM and the exchange’s clearing corporation.
Derivatives Risk. The Fund’s derivative investments have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets or index; the loss of principal, including the potential loss of amounts greater than the initial amount invested in the derivative instrument; and illiquidity of the derivative investments. The derivatives used by the Fund may give rise to a form of leverage. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and may result in greater losses, which in some cases may cause the Fund to liquidate other portfolio investments at inopportune times (e.g., at a loss to comply with limits on leverage and asset segregation requirements imposed by the 1940 Act or when the Adviser otherwise would have preferred to hold the investment) or to meet redemption requests. Certain of the Fund’s transactions in derivatives could also affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders, which may result in the Fund realizing more short-term capital gain and ordinary income subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not engage in such transactions, which may adversely impact the Fund’s after-tax returns. To the extent the Fund invests in such derivative instruments, the value of the Fund’s portfolio is likely to experience greater volatility over short-term periods.
Futures Contracts Risk. The successful use of futures contracts draws upon the Adviser’s skill and experience with respect to such instruments and is subject to special risk considerations. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts, which may adversely affect the Fund’s NAV and total return, are: (a) the imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the Component Futures Contracts and the price of underlying asset; (b) possible lack of a liquid market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a forward or futures contract when desired; (c) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited; (d) the Adviser’s inability to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors; (e) the possibility that the counterparty will default in the performance of its obligations; and (f) if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities from its portfolio to meet daily
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variation margin requirements, and such Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it maybe disadvantageous to do so.
Investment in exchange-traded futures contracts may expose the Fund to the risks of a clearing broker (or a FCM). Under current regulations, a clearing broker or FCM maintains customers’ assets in a bulk segregated account. There is a risk that Fund assets deposited with the clearing broker to serve as margin may be used to satisfy the broker’s own obligations or the losses of the broker’s other clients. In the event of default, the Fund could experience lengthy delays in recovering some or all of its assets and may not see any recovery at all. Because futures contracts project price levels in the future, market circumstances may cause a discrepancy between the price of a futures contract and the movement in the underlying asset. In the event of adverse price movements, the Fund may be required to post additional “variation margin” to satisfy the necessary collateral requirements of the FCM. In addition, to comply with federal securities rules, the Fund must segregate liquid assets or take other appropriate measures to “cover” the Subsidiary’s open positions in futures contracts. A Subsidiary intends to invest in cash-settled futures contracts, which require that a registered investment company set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to its daily marked-to-market net obligations under the contract (i.e., its daily net liability, minus any posted margin and variation margin).
Cost of Futures Investment Risk. When a commodities future is nearing expiration, the Fund will generally sell it and use the proceeds to buy a commodities future with a later expiration date. This is commonly referred to as “rolling.” The price of commodities futures further from expiration may be higher (a condition known as “contango”) or lower (a condition known as “backwardation”), which can affect the Fund’s performance. In addition, the costs associated with rolling commodities futures typically are substantially higher than the costs associated with other futures contracts and may have a significant adverse impact on the performance of the Fund. Because of the frequency with which the Fund expects to roll commodities futures, the effects of such contango or backwardation may be greater than would be the case if the Fund experienced lower portfolio turnover.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk. Reverse repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the Fund, and if so, the underlying securities relating to the reverse repurchase agreement will only constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price. If the seller defaults on its obligation under the agreement, the Fund may suffer delays and incur costs or lose money in exercising its rights under the agreement. A seller failing to repurchase the security coupled with a decline in the market value of the security may result in the Fund losing money. A reverse repurchase agreement involves the risk that the market value of the securities the Fund is obligated to repurchase under the agreement may decline below the repurchase price. The Fund may borrow for investment purposes using reverse repurchase agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements are financing arrangements that involve sales by the Fund of portfolio securities concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the same securities at a later date at a fixed price. Reverse repurchase agreements do not mitigate the Fund’s risk that the market value of the securities the Fund is obligated to repurchase under the agreement may decline below the repurchase price. The Fund may enter into both exchange-traded and over-the-counter reverse repurchase agreements. The cost of borrowing may reduce the Fund’s return. Borrowing may cause the Fund to liquidate positions under adverse market conditions to satisfy its repayment obligations. Borrowing increases the risk of loss and may increase the volatility of the Fund.
Subsidiary Investment Risk. By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. The derivatives and other investments held by the Subsidiary are generally similar to those that are permitted to be held by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund. The Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act, and, unless otherwise noted in this Prospectus, is not subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to continue to operate as it does currently and could adversely affect the Fund. For example, the Cayman Islands does not currently impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax or withholding tax on the Subsidiary. If Cayman Islands law changes such that the Subsidiary must pay Cayman Islands taxes, Fund shareholders would likely suffer decreased investment returns.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to treat any income it may derive from Ether Futures received by the Subsidiary as “qualifying income” under the provisions of the Code applicable to RICs. The Fund intends to cause the Subsidiary to make distributions that would allow the Fund to make timely distributions to its shareholders. The Fund generally will be required to include in its own taxable income the income of the Subsidiary for a tax year, regardless of whether the Fund receives a distribution of the Subsidiary’s income in that tax year, and this income would nevertheless be subject to the distribution requirement for qualification as a regulated investment company and would be taken into account for purposes of the 4% excise tax.
To comply with the asset diversification test to qualify as a RIC, the Fund will limit its investments in the Subsidiary to 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of each quarter. The Fund may, however, exceed this amount from time to time
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if the Adviser believes doing so is in the best interests of the Fund, provided, however, that the Fund intends to continue to comply with the asset diversification test applicable to RICs. If the Fund’s investments in the subsidiary were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC. The Adviser will carefully monitor the Fund’s investments in the subsidiary to ensure that no more than 25% of the Fund’s assets are invested in the subsidiary at the end of each tax quarter. The Fund intends to invest in complex derivatives for which there is not clear guidance from the IRS as to the calculation of such investments under the asset diversification test applicable to RICs. There are no assurances that the IRS will agree with the Fund’s calculation under the asset diversification test which could cause the Fund to fail to qualify as a RIC.
If a Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, such Fund’s taxable income would be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. In such event, in order to re-qualify for taxation as a RIC, a Fund might be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make certain distributions. This would cause investors to incur higher tax liabilities than they otherwise would have incurred and would have a negative impact on Fund returns. In such event, the Board may determine to reorganize or close a Fund or materially change such Fund’s investment objective and strategies. In the event that a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC, such Fund will promptly notify shareholders of the implications of that failure.
Valuation Risk. The Fund or the Subsidiary may hold securities or other assets that may be valued on the basis of factors other than market quotations. This may occur when the asset or security does not have a readily available market quotation or in times of market turmoil. There are multiple methods that can be used to value a portfolio holding when market quotations are not readily available. The value established for any portfolio holding at a point in time might differ from what would be produced using a different methodology or if it had been priced using market quotations. Portfolio holdings that are valued using techniques other than market quotations, including “fair valued” assets or securities, may be subject to greater fluctuation in their valuations from one day to the next than if market quotations were used. The fair value of the Fund’s futures contracts may be determined by reference, in whole or in part, to the cash market in agricultural commodities. These circumstances may be more likely to occur with respect to Component Futures Contracts than with respect to futures on more traditional assets.
In addition, there is no assurance that the Fund or the Subsidiary could sell or close out a portfolio position for the value established for it at any time, and it is possible that the Fund or the Subsidiary would incur a loss because a portfolio position is sold or closed out at a discount to the valuation established by the Fund or the Subsidiary at that time. The Fund’s ability to value investments may be impacted by technological issues or errors by pricing services or other third-party service providers.
Volatility Risk. The value of certain of the Fund’s investments, including Ether Futures, is subject to market risk. Market risk is the risk that the value of the investments to which the Fund is exposed will fall, which could occur due to general market or economic conditions or other factors. Ether has historically exhibited higher price volatility than more traditional asset classes; for example, during the period from [ ] to [ ], Ether experienced a decline of roughly [ ]% and it has experienced dramatic declines over shorter periods of time, including within a single day. The value of Ether and, therefore, the value of Ether Futures or equity securities of Ether-related companies, could decline rapidly, including to $0. You should be prepared for the possibility of losing your entire investment.
Whipsaw Markets Risk. The Fund may be subject to the forces of “whipsaw” markets (as opposed to choppy or stable markets), in which significant price movements develop but then repeatedly reverse. “Whipsaw” describes a situation where a security’s price is moving in one direction but then quickly pivots to move in the opposite direction. There are two types of whipsaw patterns. The first involves an upward movement in a price, which is then followed by a drastic downward move causing the price to fall relative to its original position. The second type occurs when a share price drops in value for a short time and then suddenly surges upward to a positive gain relative to the original position. Such market conditions could cause substantial losses to the Fund.
Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. To the extent the Fund invests in illiquid securities or securities that become less liquid, such investments may have a negative effect on the returns of the Fund because the Fund may be unable to sell the illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price. To the extent that the Fund’s principal investment strategies involve investing in securities with substantial market and/or credit risk, the Fund will tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. Liquid investments may become illiquid after purchase by the Fund, particularly during periods of market turmoil. Illiquid investments may be harder to value, especially in changing markets, and if the Fund is forced to sell these investments to meet redemption requests or for other cash needs, the Fund may suffer a loss. There can be no assurance that a security that is deemed to be liquid when purchased will continue to be liquid for as long as it is held by the Fund.
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Borrowing Risk. The Fund may borrow for investment purposes using reverse repurchase agreements. The cost of borrowing may reduce the Fund’s returns. Borrowing may cause the Fund to liquidate positions under adverse market conditions to satisfy its repayment obligations. Borrowing increases the risk of loss and may increase the volatility of the Fund.
Cash Transaction Risk. The Fund expects to effect all of its creations and redemptions for cash, rather than in-kind securities. Cash purchases and redemptions may increase brokerage and other transaction costs. The relatively high costs associated with obtaining exposure to Ether futures, particularly near contract expiration, may have a significant adverse impact on the Fund’s performance. In addition, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. The use of cash creations and redemptions also may cause the Fund’s shares to trade in the market at wider bid-ask spreads or greater premiums or discounts to the Fund’s NAV, particularly in times of stressed market conditions. As a practical matter, only institutions and large investors, such as market makers or other large broker dealers, create or redeem shares directly through the Fund. Most investors will buy and sell shares of the Fund on an exchange through a broker-dealer. Furthermore, the Fund may not be able to execute cash transactions for creation and redemption purposes at the same price used to determine the Fund’s NAV. To the extent that the maximum additional charge for creation or redemption transactions is insufficient to cover the execution shortfall, the Fund’s performance could be negatively impacted.
ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF and, as a result of its structure, it is exposed to the following risks:
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting if either: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Costs of Buying or Selling Shares Risk. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers, as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors also will incur the cost of the difference between the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.” The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity and is generally lower if Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, a relatively small investor base in the Fund, asset swings in the Fund and/or increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV Risk. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. The market price of Shares during the trading day, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes a “bid/ask” spread charged by the exchange specialist, market makers or other participants that trade Shares. In times of severe market disruption, the bid/ask spread can increase significantly. At those times, Shares are most likely to be traded at a discount to NAV, and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of Shares is falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your Shares. The Adviser believes that, under normal market conditions, large market price discounts or premiums to NAV will not be sustained because of arbitrage opportunities.
Trading Risk. Although Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange and may be listed or traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is
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subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to Exchange “circuit breaker” rules, which temporarily halt trading on the Exchange when a decline in the S&P 500® Index during a single day reaches certain thresholds (e.g., 7%, 13%, and 20%). Additional rules applicable to the Exchange may halt trading in Shares when extraordinary volatility causes sudden, significant swings in the market price of Shares. There can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares.
Clearing Broker Risk. The failure or bankruptcy of the Fund’s and the Subsidiary’s clearing broker could result in a substantial loss of Fund assets. Under current CFTC regulations, a clearing broker maintains customers’ assets in a bulk segregated account. If a clearing broker fails to do so, or is unable to satisfy a substantial deficit in a customer account, its other customers may be subject to risk of loss of their funds in the event of that clearing broker’s bankruptcy. In that event, the clearing broker’s customers, such as the Fund and the Subsidiary, are entitled to recover, even in respect of property specifically traceable to them, only a proportional share of all property available for distribution to all of that clearing broker’s customers.
Collateral Securities Risk. Collateral may include obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, including bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury, as well as money market funds and corporate debt securities. U.S. government securities include securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury, by various agencies of the U.S. government, or by various instrumentalities which have been established or sponsored by the U.S. government. U.S. Treasury securities are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the United States. Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. In the case of those U.S. government securities not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the security for ultimate repayment, and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States itself in the event that the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment. The U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities, and consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate. The Fund’s investments in U.S. government securities will change in value in response to interest rate changes and other factors, such as the perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness.
Money market funds are subject to management fees and other expenses, and the Fund’s investments in money market funds will cause it to bear proportionately the costs incurred by the money market funds’ operations while simultaneously paying its own management fees and expenses. An investment in a money market fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Money market funds may not have the value of their investments remain at $1.00 per share; it is possible to lose money by investing in a money market fund.
Corporate debt securities such as commercial paper generally are short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by businesses. Corporate debt securities carry both credit risk and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the risk that the issuer of a corporate debt security is unable to pay interest or repay principal when it is due and the holder of the corporate debt security could lose money. Interest rate risk is the risk that interest rates rise and fall over time. For example, the value of fixed-income securities generally decrease when interest rates rise, which may cause the Fund’s value to decrease. Also, investments in fixed-income securities with longer maturities fluctuate more in response to interest rate changes. Some corporate debt securities that are rated below investment-grade generally are considered speculative because they present a greater risk of loss, including default, than higher quality debt securities.
Commodity Pool Regulatory Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure to Ether Futures will cause it to be deemed to be a commodity pool, thereby subjecting the Fund to regulation under the CEA and CFTC rules. [The Adviser is registered as a CPO and the Sub-Adviser is registered as a CTA.]. The Fund will be operated in accordance with applicable CFTC rules, as well as the regulatory scheme applicable to registered investment companies. Registration as a CPO and CTA imposes additional compliance obligations on the Adviser and Sub-Adviser, respectively, and the Fund related to additional laws, regulations, and enforcement policies, which could increase compliance costs and may affect the operations and financial performance of the Fund. The CFTC has not passed on the adequacy of this Prospectus.
Cybersecurity Risk. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform business and operational functions, funds (such as the Fund) and their service providers may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or technological malfunctions. In general, cyber-attacks are deliberate, but unintentional events may have similar effects. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website, releasing confidential information without authorization, and causing operational disruption.
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Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and/or other service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or the Fund’s other service providers, market makers, APs, the Fund’s primary listing exchange, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to disrupt and negatively affect the Fund’s business operations, including the ability to purchase and sell Shares, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders. For instance, cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may interfere with the processing of shareholder or other transactions, affect the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information, impede trading, cause reputational damage, and subject the Fund to regulatory fines, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and additional compliance costs. Cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may render records of Fund assets and transactions, shareholder ownership of Shares, and other data integral to the functioning of the Fund inaccessible or inaccurate or incomplete. The Fund also may incur substantial costs for cybersecurity risk management to prevent cyber incidents in the future. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Early Close/Trading Halt Risk. An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in the Fund being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments. In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments, and/or may incur substantial trading losses.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund, through the Subsidiary, may frequently buy and sell Ether Futures and other assets as part of its strategy to obtain exposure to Ether. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the Fund paying higher levels of transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for shareholders. Portfolio turnover risk may cause the Fund’s performance to be less than you expect.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors have no track record or history on which to base their investment decision. Moreover, investors will not be able to evaluate the Fund against one or more comparable funds on the basis of relative performance until the Fund has established a track record.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a lesser number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, the Fund may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer or a lesser number of issuers than a fund that invests more widely. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively small number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
Information about the Fund’s daily portfolio holdings is available at www.roundhillinvestments.com. A complete description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s SAI.
MANAGEMENT
Investment Adviser
Roundhill Financial Inc., a Delaware corporation located at 154 West 14th Street, 2nd Floor, New York, New York 10011, serves as the investment adviser for the Fund. The Adviser oversees the day-to-day operations of the Fund, subject to the general supervision and oversight of the Board. The Adviser also arranges for sub-advisory, transfer agency, custody, fund administration, distribution and all other services necessary for the Fund to operate. The Adviser is an SEC-registered investment adviser.
The Adviser continuously reviews, supervises, and administers the Fund’s investment program. In particular, the Adviser provides investment and operational oversight of the Sub-Adviser (defined below). The Board supervises the Adviser and establishes policies that the Adviser must follow in its day-to-day management activities.
For the services it provides to the Fund, the Fund pays the Adviser a unified management fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of 0.19% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.
Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses of the Fund except the fee payable to the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends, and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other
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investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, extraordinary expenses, and distribution fees and expenses paid by the Trust under the distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (if any). The Adviser, in turn, compensates the Sub-Adviser from the management fee it receives.
The basis for the Board’s approval of the Fund’s Advisory Agreement will be available in the Fund’s first Annual or Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders.
Sub-Adviser
Exchange Traded Concepts, LLC, an Oklahoma limited liability company located at 10900 Hefner Pointe Drive, Suite 400, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73120, is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. An SEC-registered investment adviser formed in 2018, the Sub-Adviser is majority owned by Cottonwood ETF Holdings LLC.
Pursuant to an investment sub-advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, the Adviser, and the Sub-Adviser (the “Sub-Advisory Agreement”), the Sub-Adviser is responsible for trading portfolio securities for the Fund, including selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions, subject to the supervision of the Adviser and the Board. For its services, the Sub-Adviser is entitled to a fee payable by the Adviser, which fee is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on the accumulative average daily net assets of each fund that Exchange Traded Concepts, LLC sub-advises and for which Roundhill serves as the investment adviser (or the Fund Sponsor), and subject to a minimum annual fee as follows:
Minimum Annual FeeAsset-Based Fee
$[ ][ ]%
The basis for the Board’s approval of the Fund’s Sub-Advisory Agreement will be available in the Fund’s first Annual or Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders.
Management of the Subsidiary
Pursuant to a separate investment advisory agreement between the Adviser and the Subsidiary, the Adviser serves as the investment adviser and has overall responsibility for the general management and administration of the Subsidiary. Under the advisory agreement, the Adviser provides the Subsidiary with the same type of management, under essentially the same terms, as it provides the Fund, including that the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses of the Subsidiary except for the management fee paid to the Adviser pursuant to its investment management agreement with the Subsidiary, interest charges on any borrowings, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, and extraordinary expenses. The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive the management fee it receives from the Fund in an amount equal to the management fee paid to the Adviser by the Subsidiary. This undertaking will continue in effect for so long as the Fund invests in the Subsidiary, and may be terminated only with the approval of the Fund’s Board. The Subsidiary also has entered into separate contracts for the provision of custody, transfer agency, and accounting services with the same service providers that provide those services to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers
The individuals identified below are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio.
Mr. Serowik joined the Sub-Adviser from Goldman Sachs. He began his career at Spear, Leeds & Kellogg, continuing with Goldman after its acquisition of SLK. During his career of more than 18 years at the combined companies, he held various roles, including managing the global Quant ETF Strats team and One Delta ETF Strats. He designed and developed systems for portfolio risk calculation, algorithmic ETF trading, and execution monitoring, with experience across all asset classes. He graduated from the University of Michigan with a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in Finance.
Mr. Alberico joined the Sub-Adviser in November 2020, having spent the past 14 years in ETF trading at Goldman Sachs, Cantor Fitzgerald, and, most recently, Virtu Financial. He spent most of that time focused on the Trading and Portfolio Risk Management of ETFs exposed to international and domestic equity. He has worked on several different strategies including lead market-making and electronic trading, to customer facing institutional business developing models for block trading as well as transitional trades. Mr. Alberico graduated from St. John’s University in New York with a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance.
Mr. Tan joined the Sub-Adviser in May 2019 as an Associate Portfolio Manager and was promoted to Portfolio Manager in December 2020. He began his career at UBS and BBR Partners where he worked as a financial planning analyst and a portfolio strategist for over four years. During his time there, he developed comprehensive wealth management solutions focused on portfolio optimization, trust and estate planning, and tax planning.
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The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers’ compensation structure, other accounts managed by the Portfolio Managers, and the Portfolio Managers’ ownership of Shares.
Other Service Providers
Foreside Fund Services, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC (doing business as ACA Group), (the “Distributor”) serves as the principal underwriter and distributor of the Fund’s Shares. The Distributor’s principal address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The Distributor will not distribute Shares in less than whole Creation Units, and it does not maintain a secondary market in the Shares. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”). The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Fund or the securities that are purchased or sold by the Fund and is not affiliated with the Adviser or any of its affiliates.
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as the administrator and transfer agent for the Fund.
U.S. Bank National Association, located at 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, serves as the custodian for the Fund.
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, located at 1111 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20004, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.
[ ], located at [ ], serves as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the annual financial statements of the Fund.
HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES
The Fund issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units at the NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order from an AP. Only APs may acquire Shares directly from the Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Fund, at NAV. APs must be a member or participant of a clearing agency registered with the SEC and must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor, and that has been accepted by the Fund’s transfer agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.
Most investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers. Individual Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities.
When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.
Book Entry
Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (the “DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.
Investors owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book entry or “street name” through your brokerage account.
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares
The Fund imposes no restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board evaluated the risks of market timing activities by Fund shareholders. Purchases and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem Shares directly from the Fund, are an essential part of the ETF process and help keep Share trading prices in line with NAV. As such, the Fund accommodates frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and lead to the realization of capital gains. The Fund’s fair valuation of its holdings consistent with
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the 1940 Act and Rule 2a-5 thereunder and its ability to impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting trades help to minimize the potential adverse consequences of frequent purchases and redemptions.
Determination of Net Asset Value
The Fund’s NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, each day the NYSE is open for business. The NAV is calculated by dividing the Fund’s net assets by its Shares outstanding.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. For example, the Fund generally values equity securities at their readily available market quotations. If such information is not available for an investment held by the Fund or is determined to be unreliable, the investment will be valued by the Adviser at fair value pursuant to procedures established by the Adviser and approved by the Board (as described below).
Applicable federal tax requirements generally limit the degree to which the Fund may invest in the Subsidiary to an amount not exceeding 25% of its total assets. The Subsidiary prices its portfolio investments pursuant to the same pricing and valuation methodologies and procedures employed by the Fund. The Subsidiary offers to redeem all or a portion of its shares at the current NAV per share every day the Fund is open for business. The value of shares of the Subsidiary will fluctuate with the value of the Subsidiary’s portfolio investments.
Fair Value Pricing
The Adviser has been designated by the Board as the valuation designee for the Fund pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. In its capacity as valuation designee, the Adviser has adopted procedures and methodologies to fair value Fund investments whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. For example, such circumstances may arise when: (i) an investment has been de-listed or has had its trading halted or suspended; (ii) an investment’s primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; (iii) an investment’s primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or (iv) an investment’s value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the investment’s primary trading market. Generally, when fair valuing an investment held by the Fund, the Adviser will take into account all reasonably available information that may be relevant to a particular valuation including, but not limited to, fundamental analytical data regarding the issuer, information relating to the issuer’s business, recent trades or offers of the investment, general and/or specific market conditions and the specific facts giving rise to the need to fair value the investment. Fair value determinations are made in good faith and in accordance with the fair value methodologies established by the Adviser. Due to the subjective and variable nature of determining the fair value of a security or other investment, there can be no assurance that the Adviser’s determined fair value will match or closely correlate to any market quotation that subsequently becomes available or the price quoted or published by other sources. In addition, the Fund may not be able to obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if the Fund were to sell such investment at or near the time its fair value is determined.
Delivery of Shareholder Documents – Householding
Householding is an option available to certain investors of the Fund. Householding is a method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different names. Householding for the Fund is available through certain broker-dealers. If you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, please contact your broker-dealer. If you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your householding status, please contact your broker-dealer.
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES
Dividends and Distributions
The Fund intends to pay out dividends in cash, if any, and distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders at least annually. The Fund will declare and pay capital gain distributions in cash, if any. Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available. Your broker is responsible for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to you.
Taxes
The following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Fund. Your investment in the Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax adviser about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares, including the possible application of foreign, state, and local tax laws.
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Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when the Fund makes distributions, when you sell your Shares listed on the Exchange, and when you purchase or redeem Creation Units (APs only). This summary does not apply to Shares held in an IRA or other tax-qualified plans, which are generally not subject to current tax. Transactions relating to Shares held in such accounts may, however, be taxable at some time in the future. This summary is based on current tax laws, which may change.
The Fund intends to elect and to qualify for treatment as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In order to so qualify, the Fund must meet certain tests with respect to the sources and types of its income, the nature and diversification of its assets, and the timing and amount of its distributions.
If the Fund qualifies for treatment as a regulated investment company, it is not subject to federal income tax on net investment income and net realized capital gains that the Fund timely distributes to its shareholders. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC and is unable to or otherwise cure such failure, its taxable income and gains would be subject to tax at the Fund level, and distributions from earnings and profits would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
Taxes on Distributions
The Fund intends to distribute, at least annually, substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gains. For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains (if any) are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Shares. Sales of assets held by the Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and losses, and sales of assets held by the Fund for one year or less generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of the Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that are reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains, which for non-corporate shareholders are subject to tax at reduced rates of up to 20% (lower rates apply to individuals in lower tax brackets). Distributions of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.
Distributions reported by the Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that the Fund receives in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. The Fund’s investment strategies will significantly limit its ability to distribute dividends eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends-received deduction for the portion of dividends they receive from the Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations. The Fund’s investment strategies will significantly limit its ability to distribute dividends eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders.
Distributions declared in October, November or December of one year payable to shareholders of record in such month and paid by the end of January of the following year are taxable for federal income tax purposes as if received on December 31 of the calendar year in which the distributions were declared.
You may wish to avoid investing in the Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment.
If the Fund’s distributions exceed its earnings and profits, all or a portion of the distributions made for a taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in Shares and result in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the Shares are sold. After a shareholder’s basis in Shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess of earnings and profits in respect of those Shares will be treated as gain from the sale of the Shares.
Distributions from net realized capital gains may vary considerably from year to year as a result of the Fund’s normal investment activities and cash flows.
The Code generally imposes a 3.8% tax on the “net investment income” of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. For these purposes, “net investment income” generally includes, among other things, (i) distributions paid by the Fund of ordinary dividends and capital gain dividends, and (ii) any net gain from the sale, redemption or exchange of Fund shares. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Fund.
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Dividend and capital gain distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.
Shortly after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the amount and character of any distributions received from the Fund.
Dividends paid to a shareholder that is not a “United States person” within the meaning of the Code (such a shareholder, a “foreign person”) that the Fund properly reports as capital gain dividends, short-term capital gain dividends or interest -related dividends, each as further defined in the SAI, are not subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax, provided that certain other requirements are met. The Fund (or intermediary, as applicable) is permitted, but is not required, to report any part of its dividends as are eligible for such treatment. The Fund’s dividends other than those the Fund properly reports as capital gain dividends, short-term capital gain dividends or interest-related dividends generally will be subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate). Special tax considerations may apply to foreign persons investing in the Fund. Please see the SAI for more information.
By law, a percentage of your distributions and proceeds will generally be withheld if you have not provided a taxpayer identification number or social security number, have underreported dividend or interest income or have failed to certify to the Fund or its agent that you are not subject to this withholding.
Taxes When Shares are Sold on the Exchange
Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect to such Shares. Any loss realized on a sale will be disallowed to the extent Shares of the Fund are acquired, including through reinvestment of dividends, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of Shares. The ability to deduct capital losses may be limited.
The cost basis of Shares of the Fund acquired by purchase will generally be based on the amount paid for the Shares and then may be subsequently adjusted for other applicable transactions as required by the Code. The difference between the selling price and the cost basis of Shares generally determines the amount of the capital gain or loss realized on the sale or exchange of Shares. Contact the broker through whom you purchased your Shares to obtain information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods and elections for your account.
Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units
An AP having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging AP’s aggregate basis in the securities delivered, plus the amount of any cash paid for the Creation Units. An AP who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging AP’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The Internal Revenue Service may assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units may not be currently deducted under the rules governing “wash sales” (for an AP who does not mark-to-market its holdings) or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. APs exchanging securities should consult their own tax adviser with respect to whether the wash sales rule applies and when a loss might be deductible.
The Fund may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. The Fund may sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize investment income and/or capital gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied the redemption in kind. As a result, the Fund may be less tax efficient if it includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of Creation Units.
Taxation of the Subsidiary
There is, at present, no direct taxation in the Cayman Islands and interest, dividends and gains payable to the Subsidiary will be received free of all Cayman Islands taxes. The Subsidiary is registered as an “exempted company” pursuant to the Companies Law (as amended). The Subsidiary has received an undertaking from the Governor in Cabinet of the Cayman Islands to the effect that, for a period of twenty years from the date of the undertaking, no law that thereafter is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax or duty to be levied on profits, income or on gains or appreciation, or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax, will apply to any property comprised in or any income arising under the Subsidiary, or to the shareholders thereof, in respect of any such property or income.
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Investments in Complex Securities
The Fund is required for federal income tax purposes to mark to market and recognize as income for each taxable year its net unrealized gains and losses on certain futures and options contracts subject to section 1256 of the Code (“Section 1256 Contracts”) as of the end of the year as well as those actually realized during the year. The Fund’s direct investments in Ethereum Futures should be treated as investments in Section 1256 Contracts. Gain or loss from Section 1256 Contracts required to be marked to market will be 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gain or loss, to the extent the Fund invests in such Section 1256 Contracts directly. Application of this rule may alter the timing and character of distributions to shareholders.
Certain of the Fund’s investments in Section 1256 Contracts, such as investments in certain Ethereum Futures, when made directly, may not produce qualifying income to the Fund and thus it is expected that the Fund will make such investments primarily through the Subsidiary. To the extent the Fund invests directly in commodity-linked derivatives (including Ethereum Futures), the Fund will seek to restrict its income from such instruments that do not generate qualifying income to a maximum of 10% of its gross income (when combined with its other investments that produce non-qualifying income). The Fund’s investment in its Subsidiary is expected to provide the Fund with exposure to the commodities markets within the limitations of the federal tax requirements of Subchapter M of the Code for qualification as a RIC. However, gain or loss from the Subsidiary’s investments in Section 1256 Contracts will not be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gain or loss for shareholders in the Fund; rather, the gain or loss from the Subsidiary’s investment in such Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as ordinary income or loss for shareholders in the Fund.
Investments by the Fund in futures are subject to numerous special and complex tax rules. These rules could affect the amount, timing or character of the distributions to shareholders by the Fund. In addition, because the application of these rules may be uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future IRS guidance with respect to these rules may affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid fund-level tax.
Investments by the Fund in debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount and certain derivative instruments could cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such investments, potentially requiring the Fund to dispose of investments (including when otherwise disadvantageous to do so) in order to meet its distribution requirements, and such investments could affect the amount, timing or character of the income distributed to shareholders by the Fund. Investments by the Fund in shares of other investment companies could affect the amount, timing or character of the Fund’s distributions to shareholders relative to the Fund’s distributions had it invested directly in the securities held by the other investment companies.
In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded a RIC and its shareholders, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from “qualifying income,” meet certain asset diversification tests at the end of each taxable quarter, and meet annual distribution requirements. The Fund’s pursuit of its investment strategies will potentially be limited by the Fund’s intention to qualify for such treatment and could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to so qualify. The Fund may make certain investments, the treatment of which for these purposes is unclear. If, in any year, the Fund were to fail to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded a RIC and its shareholders, and were ineligible to or were not to cure such failure, the Fund would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation subject to U.S. federal income tax on all its income at the fund level. The resulting tax liability could substantially reduce the Fund’s net assets and the amount of income available for distribution. In addition, in order to requalify for taxation as a RIC, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make certain distributions. Please see the SAI Information for more information.
Net Investment Income Tax
U.S. individuals with income exceeding specified thresholds are subject to a 3.8% tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (generally including capital gains distributions and capital gains realized on the sale of Shares). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.
Foreign Taxes
Interest and other income received by the Fund with respect to foreign securities may give rise to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If as of the close of a taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of certain foreign stock or securities, the Fund will be eligible to elect to “pass through” to investors the amount of foreign income and similar taxes (including withholding taxes) paid by the Fund during that taxable year. This means that investors would be considered to
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have received as additional income their respective shares of such foreign taxes, but may be entitled to either a corresponding tax deduction in calculating taxable income, or, subject to certain limitations, a credit in calculating federal income tax. If the Fund does not so elect, it will be entitled to claim a deduction for certain foreign taxes incurred by the Fund. The Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) will notify you if it makes such an election and provide you with the information necessary to reflect foreign taxes paid on your income tax return.
The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal tax law of an investment in the Fund. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You also may be subject to state and local tax on Fund distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax adviser about the potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “Federal Income Taxes” in the SAI.
DISTRIBUTION PLAN
The Board has adopted a Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, the Fund is authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year for certain distribution-related activities and shareholder services.
No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Fund, and there are no plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because the fees are paid out of Fund assets, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.
PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION
Information regarding how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV per share is available on the Fund’s website at www.roundhillinvestments.com.
ADDITIONAL NOTICES
Shares are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated in the determination of, the timing, prices, or quantities of the Fund’s Shares to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of the Fund’s Shares in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of the Fund’s Shares.
Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages even if notified of the possibility thereof.
The Adviser and the Fund make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the Fund’s Shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Fund’s Shares particularly.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Financial information is not available because the Fund had not commenced operations prior to the date of this Prospectus.
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Roundhill Ether Strategy ETF
Adviser
Roundhill Financial Inc.
154 West 14th Street, 2nd Floor
New York, New York 10011
Transfer Agent and Administrator
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
d/b/a U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
Sub-Adviser
Exchange Traded Concepts, LLC
10900 Hefner Pointe Drive, Suite 400
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73120
Distributor
Foreside Fund Services, LLC
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100
Portland, Maine 04101
Custodian
U.S. Bank National Association
1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
Legal Counsel
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
1111 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20004-2541
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Investors may find more information about the Fund in the following documents:
Statement of Additional Information: The Fund’s SAI provides additional details about the investments of the Fund and certain other additional information. The SAI is on file with the SEC and is herein incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. It is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.
Annual/Semi-Annual Reports: Additional information about the Fund’s investments will be available in the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, when available, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance after the first fiscal year in which the Fund is in operation.
You can obtain free copies of these documents, when available, request other information or make general inquiries about the Fund by contacting the Fund at Roundhill Ether Strategy ETF, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701 or calling 1-800-617-0004.
Shareholder reports and other information about the Fund also are available:
•    Free of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov; or
•    Free of charge from the Fund’s website at www.roundhillinvestments.com; or
•    For a fee, by e-mail request to publicinfo@sec.gov.

(SEC Investment Company Act File No. 811-23226)