Basis Of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policy)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of TechnipFMC plc and its consolidated subsidiaries (“TechnipFMC” or the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) pertaining to interim financial information. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read together with our audited consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Our accounting policies are in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with these accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Ultimate results could differ from our estimates.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments as well as adjustments to our financial position pursuant to a business combination, necessary for a fair statement of our financial condition and operating results as of and for the periods presented. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities can vary during each quarter of the year. Therefore, the results and trends in these financial statements may not be representative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Principles of consolidation

Principles of consolidation - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TechnipFMC and its majority-owned subsidiaries and affiliates. Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates

Use of estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, estimates of total contract profit or loss on long-term construction-type contracts; estimated realizable value on excess and obsolete inventory; estimates related to pension accounting; estimates related to fair value for purposes of assessing goodwill, long-lived assets and intangible assets for impairment; estimates of fair value in business combinations and estimates related to income taxes.

Investments in the common stock of unconsolidated affiliates

Investments in the common stock of unconsolidated affiliates - The equity method of accounting is used to account for investments in unconsolidated affiliates where we have the ability to exert significant influence over the affiliates’ operating and financial policies. The cost method of accounting is used where significant influence over the affiliate is not present. For certain construction joint ventures, we use the proportionate consolidation method, whereby our proportionate share of each entity’s assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses are included in the appropriate classifications in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Investments in unconsolidated affiliates are assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in facts and circumstances indicate the carrying value of the investments may not be fully recoverable. When such a condition is subjectively determined to be other than temporary, the carrying value of the investment is written down to fair value. Management’s assessment as to whether any decline in value is other than temporary is based on our ability and intent to hold the investment and whether evidence indicating the carrying value of the investment is recoverable within a reasonable period of time outweighs evidence to the contrary. Management generally considers our investments in equity method investees to be strategic, long-term investments and completes its assessments for impairment with a long-term viewpoint.

Investments in which ownership is less than 20% or that do not represent significant investments are reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Where no active market exists and where no other valuation method can be used, these financial assets are maintained at historical cost, less any accumulated impairment losses.

We determine whether investments involve a variable interest entity (“VIE”) based on the characteristics of the subject entity. If the entity is determined to be a VIE, then management determines if we are the primary beneficiary of the entity and whether or not consolidation of the VIE is required. The primary beneficiary consolidating the VIE must normally have both (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb significant losses of or the right to receive significant benefits from the VIE. If we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary, the VIE is consolidated and the other party’s equity interest in the VIE is accounted for as a noncontrolling interest. Our unconsolidated VIEs are accounted for using the equity method of accounting.

Business combinations

Business combinations - Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date. Determining the fair value of assets and liabilities involves significant judgment regarding methods and assumptions used to calculate estimated fair values. The purchase price is allocated to the assets, assumed liabilities and identifiable intangible assets based on their estimated fair values. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Transaction-related costs are expensed as incurred.

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition - The majority of our revenue is derived from long-term contracts that can span several years. We account for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which we adopted on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. See Note 4 to our condensed consolidated financial statements of this Quarterly Report for further discussion of the adoption, including the impact on our 2018 financial statements.

Significant Revenue Recognition Criteria Explained

Allocation of transaction price to performance obligations - A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue, when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. To determine the proper revenue recognition method, we evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as one single contract and whether the combined or single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. This evaluation requires significant judgment; some of our contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, not distinct. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract.

Variable consideration - Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of our performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. It is common for our long-term contracts to contain variable considerations that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. Variability in the transaction price arises primarily due to liquidated damages. The Company considers its experience with similar transactions and expectations regarding the contract in estimating the amount of variable consideration to which it will be entitled, and determining whether the estimated variable consideration should be constrained. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.

Payment terms - Progress billings are generally issued upon completion of certain phases of the work as stipulated in the contract. Payment terms may either be fixed, lump-sum or driven by time and materials (e.g., daily or hourly rates, plus materials). Because typically the customer retains a small portion of the contract price until completion of the contract, our contracts generally result in revenue recognized in excess of billings which we present as contract assets on the balance sheet. Amounts billed and due from our customers are classified as receivables on the balance sheet. The portion of the payments retained by the customer until final contract settlement is not considered a significant financing component because the intent is to protect the customer. For some contracts, we may be entitled to receive an advance payment. We recognize a liability for these advance payments in excess of revenue recognized and present it as contract liabilities on the balance sheet. The advance payment typically is not considered a significant financing component because it is used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract and to protect us from the other party failing to adequately complete some or all of its obligations under the contract.

Warranty - Certain contracts include an assurance-type warranty clause, typically between 18 to 36 months, to guarantee that the products comply with agreed specifications. A service-type warranty may also be provided to the customer; in such a case, management allocates a portion of the transaction price to the warranty based on the estimated stand-alone selling price of the service-type warranty.

Revenue recognized over time - Our performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses or at a point in time. Revenue from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for approximately 83.1% and 83.3% of our revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. Typically, revenue is recognized over time using an input measure (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress.

Cost-to-cost method - For our long-term contracts, because of control transferring over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. Upon adoption of the new standard we generally use the cost-to-cost measure of progress for our contracts because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Any expected losses on construction-type contracts in progress are charged to earnings, in total, in the period the losses are identified.

Right to invoice practical expedient - The right-to-invoice practical expedient can be applied to a performance obligation satisfied over time if we have a right to invoice the customer for an amount that corresponds directly with the value transferred to the customer for our performance completed to date. When this practical expedient is used, we do not estimate variable consideration at the inception of the contract to determine the transaction price or for disclosure purposes. We have contracts which have payment terms dictated by daily or hourly rates where some contracts may have mixed pricing terms which include a fixed fee portion. For contracts in which we charge the customer a fixed rate based on the time or materials spent during the project that correspond to the value transferred to the customer, we recognize revenue in the amount to which we have the right to invoice.

Contract modifications - Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. We consider contract modifications to exist when the modification either creates new, or changes the existing, enforceable rights and obligations. Most of our contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct from the existing contract due to the significant integration service provided in the context of the contract and are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and our measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis.

Revenue Recognition by Segment

The following is a description of principal activities separated by reportable segments from which the Company generates its revenue. See Note 5 to our condensed consolidated financial statements of this Quarterly Report for more detailed information about reportable segments.


a.	Subsea

Our Subsea segment manufactures and designs products and systems, performs engineering, procurement and project management and provides services used by oil and gas companies involved in offshore exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas. Systems and services may be sold separately or as combined integrated systems and services offered within one contract. Many of the systems and products the Company supplies for subsea applications are highly engineered to meet the unique demands of our customers’ field properties and are typically ordered one to two years prior to installation. We often receive advance payments and progress billings from our customers in order to fund initial development and working capital requirements.

Under Subsea engineering, procurement, construction and installation contracts, revenue is principally generated from long-term contracts with customers. We have determined these contracts generally have one performance obligation as the delivered product is highly customized to customer and field specifications. We generally recognize revenue over time for such contracts as the customized products do not have an alternative use for the Company and we have an enforceable right to payment plus a reasonable profit for performance completed to date.

Our Subsea segment also performs an array of subsea services including (i) installation services, (ii) asset management services (iii) product optimization, (iv) inspection, maintenance and repair services, and (v) well access and intervention services, where revenue is generally earned through the execution of either installation-type or maintenance-type contracts. For either contract-type, management has determined that the performance of the service generally represents one single performance obligation. We have determined that revenue from these contracts is recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit of the services.


b.	Onshore/Offshore

Our Onshore/Offshore segment designs and builds onshore facilities related to the production, treatment, transformation and transportation of oil and gas; and designs, manufactures and installs fixed and floating platforms for the offshore production and processing of oil and gas reserves.

Our onshore business combines the design, engineering, procurement, construction and project management of the entire range of onshore facilities. Our onshore activity covers all types of onshore facilities related to the production, treatment and transportation of oil and gas, as well as transformation with petrochemicals such as ethylene, polymers and fertilizers. Some of the onshore activities include the development of onshore fields, refining, natural gas treatment and liquefaction, and design and construction of hydrogen and synthesis gas production units.

Many of these contracts provide a combination of engineering, procurement, construction, project management and installation services, which may last several years. We have determined that contracts of this nature have generally one performance obligation. In these contracts, the final product is highly customized to the specifications of the field and the customer’s requirements. Therefore, the customer obtains control of the asset over time, and thus revenue is recognized over time.

Our offshore business combines the design, engineering, procurement, construction and project management within the entire range of fixed and floating offshore oil and gas facilities, many of which were the first of their kind, including the development of floating liquefied natural gas (“FLNG”) facilities. Similar to onshore contracts, contracts grouped under this segment provide a combination of services, which may last several years.

We have determined that contracts of this nature have one performance obligation. In these contracts, the final product is highly customized to the specifications of the field and the customer’s requirements. We have determined that the customer obtains control of the asset over time, and thus revenue is recognized over time as the customized products do not have an alternative use for us and we have an enforceable right to payment plus reasonable profit for performance completed to date.


c.	Surface Technologies

Our Surface Technologies segment designs, manufactures and supplies technologically advanced wellhead systems and high pressure valves and pumps used in stimulation activities for oilfield service companies and provides installation, flowback and other services for exploration and production companies.

We provide a full range of drilling, completion and production wellhead systems for both standard and custom-engineered applications. Under pressure control product contracts, we design and manufacture flowline products, under the Weco®/Chiksan® trademarks, articulating frac arm manifold trailers, well service pumps, compact valves and reciprocating pumps used in well completion and stimulation activities by major oilfield service companies. Performance obligations within these systems are satisfied either through delivery of a standardized product or equipment or the delivery of a customized product or equipment.

For contracts with a standardized product or equipment performance obligation, management has determined that because there is limited customization to products sold within such contracts and the asset delivered can be resold to another customer, revenue should be recognized as of a point in time, upon transfer of control to the customer and after the customer acceptance provisions have been met.

For contracts with a customized product or equipment performance obligation, the revenue is recognized over time, as the manufacturing of our product does not create an asset with an alternative use for us.

This segment also designs, manufactures and services measurement products globally. Contract-types include standard product or equipment and maintenance-type services where we have determined that each contract under this product line represents one performance obligation.

Revenue from standard measurement equipment contracts is recognized at a point in time, while maintenance-type contracts are typically priced at a daily or hourly rate. We have determined that revenue for these contracts is recognized over time because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit of the services.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue by geographic location and contract types. The tables also include a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the reportable segments.

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts (contract assets), and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts (contract liabilities) on the consolidated balance sheets.

Contract Assets - Contract Assets, previously disclosed as costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts, include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under long-term contracts when revenue is recognized over time and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer, and right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. Amounts may not exceed their net realizable value. Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts are generally classified as current.

Contract Liabilities - We sometimes receive advances or deposits from our customers, before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. We classify contract liabilities as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize revenue.

Contract costs to obtain a contract

Contract costs to obtain a contract - Our incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract are deferred and amortized over the period of contract performance or a longer period, generally the estimated life of the customer relationship, if renewals are expected and the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission. We classify deferred commissions as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize the expense. The current and noncurrent portions of deferred commissions are included in other current assets and other assets, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheets.

Amortization of deferred commissions is included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Cash equivalents

Cash equivalents - Cash equivalents are highly-liquid, short-term instruments with original maturities of generally three months or less from their date of purchase.

Trade receivables, net of allowances

Trade receivables, net of allowances - An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided on receivables equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts. This estimate is based on historical collection experience and a specific review of each customer’s receivables balance.

Inventories

Inventories - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, except as it relates to inventory measured using the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method, for which the inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Inventory costs include those costs directly attributable to products, including all manufacturing overhead, but excluding costs to distribute. Cost for a significant portion of the U.S. domiciled inventories is determined on the LIFO method. The first-in, first-out or weighted average methods are used to determine the cost for the remaining inventories. Write-downs on inventories are recorded when the net realizable value of inventories is lower than their net book value.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment - Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is principally provided on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets (vessels - 10 to 30 years; buildings - 10 to 50 years; and machinery and equipment - 3 to 20 years). Gains and losses are realized upon the sale or retirement of assets and are recorded in other income (expense), net, on our consolidated statements of income. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that extend the useful lives of property, plant and equipment are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated new remaining life of the asset.

Impairment of property, plant and equipment

Impairment of property, plant and equipment - Property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the long-lived asset may not be recoverable. The carrying value of an asset group is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If it is determined that an impairment loss has occurred, the impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value.

Long-lived assets classified as held for sale are reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value less cost to sell.

Goodwill

Goodwill - Goodwill is not subject to amortization but is tested for impairment on an annual basis (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise) by comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. A reporting unit is defined as an operating segment or one level below the operating segment. We have established October 31 as the date of our annual test for impairment of goodwill. Reporting units with goodwill are tested for impairment using a quantitative impairment test known as the income approach, which estimates fair value by discounting each reporting unit’s estimated future cash flows using a weighted-average cost of capital that reflects current market conditions and the risk profile of the reporting unit. To arrive at our future cash flows, we use estimates of economic and market assumptions, including growth rates in revenues, costs, estimates of future expected changes in operating margins, tax rates and cash expenditures. Future revenues are also adjusted to match changes in our business strategy. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a result of this method, then an impairment loss is recorded.

A lower fair value estimate in the future for any of our reporting units could result in goodwill impairments. Factors that could trigger a lower fair value estimate include sustained price declines of the reporting unit’s products and services, cost increases, regulatory or political environment changes, changes in customer demand and other changes in market conditions, which may affect certain market participant assumptions used in the discounted future cash flow model.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets - Our acquired intangible assets are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which generally range from 2 to 20 years. Our acquired intangible assets do not have indefinite lives. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the intangible asset may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of an intangible asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If it is determined that an impairment loss has occurred, the loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value.

Capitalized software costs are recorded at cost. Capitalized software costs include purchases of software and internal and external costs incurred during the application development stage of software projects. These costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. For internal use software, the useful lives range from 3 to 10 years. For Internet website costs, the estimated useful lives do not exceed 3 years.

Debt instruments

Debt instruments - Debt instruments include synthetic bonds, senior and private placement notes and other borrowings. Issuance fees and redemption premiums on debt instruments are included in the cost of debt in the consolidated balance sheets, as an adjustment to the nominal amount of the debt. Loan origination costs for revolving credit facilities are recorded as an asset and amortized over the life of the underlying debt.

Fair value measurements

Fair value measurements - Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The fair value framework requires the categorization of assets and liabilities measured at fair value into three levels based upon the assumptions (inputs) used to price the assets or liabilities, with the exception of certain assets and liabilities measured using the net asset value practical expedient, which are not required to be leveled. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value, whereas Level 3 generally requires significant management judgment. The three levels are defined as follows:


•	Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.


•	Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1. For example, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets.


•	Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Income taxes

Income taxes - Current income taxes are provided on income reported for financial statement purposes, adjusted for transactions that do not enter into the computation of income taxes payable in the same year. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is established whenever management believes that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets may not be realizable.

Income taxes are not provided on our equity in undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries or affiliates to the extent we have determined that the earnings are indefinitely reinvested. Income taxes are provided on such earnings in the period in which we can no longer support that such earnings are indefinitely reinvested.

Tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions are recognized when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination.

We classify interest expense and penalties recognized on underpayments of income taxes as income tax expense.

Stock-based employee compensation

Share-based employee compensation - The measurement of share-based compensation expense on restricted share awards and performance share awards is based on the market price at the grant date and the number of shares awarded. We used the Cox Ross Rubinstein binomial model to measure the fair value of stock options granted prior to December 31, 2016 and the Black-Scholes options pricing model to measure the fair value of stock options granted on or after January 1, 2017. The share-based compensation expense for each award is recognized ratably over the applicable service period or the period beginning at the start of the service period and ending when an employee becomes eligible for retirement, after taking into account estimated forfeitures.

Ordinary shares held in employee benefit trust

Ordinary shares held in employee benefit trust - Our ordinary shares are purchased by the plan administrator of the FMC Technologies, Inc. Non-Qualified Savings and Investment Plan and placed in a trust that we own. Purchased shares are recorded at cost and classified as a reduction of stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets.

Earnings per ordinary share (EPS)

Earnings per ordinary share (“EPS”) - Basic EPS is computed using the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. We use the treasury stock method to compute diluted EPS which gives effect to the potential dilution of earnings that could have occurred if additional shares were issued for awards granted under our incentive compensation and stock plan. The treasury stock method assumes proceeds that would be obtained upon exercise of awards granted under our incentive compensation and stock plan are used to purchase outstanding ordinary shares at the average market price during the period.

Convertible bonds that could be converted into or be exchangeable for new or existing shares would additionally result in a dilution of earnings per share. The ordinary shares assumed to be converted as of the issuance date are included to compute diluted EPS under the if-converted method. Additionally, the net profit of the period is adjusted as if converted for the after-tax interest expense related to these dilutive shares.

Foreign currency

Foreign currency - Financial statements of operations for which the U.S. dollar is not the functional currency, and which are located in non-highly inflationary countries, are translated into U.S. dollars prior to consolidation. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date, while income statement accounts are translated at the average exchange rate for each period. For these operations, translation gains and losses are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity until the foreign entity is sold or liquidated. For operations in highly inflationary countries and where the local currency is not the functional currency, inventories, property, plant and equipment, and other non-current assets are converted to U.S. dollars at historical exchange rates, and all gains or losses from conversion are included in net income. Foreign currency effects on cash, cash equivalents and debt in hyperinflationary economies are included in interest income or expense.

For certain committed and anticipated future cash flows and recognized assets and liabilities which are denominated in a foreign currency, we may choose to manage our risk against changes in the exchange rates, when compared against the functional currency, through the economic netting of exposures instead of derivative instruments. Cash outflows or liabilities in a foreign currency are matched against cash inflows or assets in the same currency, such that movements in exchange rates will result in offsetting gains or losses. Due to the inherent unpredictability of the timing of cash flows, gains and losses in the current period may be economically offset by gains and losses in a future period. All gains and losses are recorded in our consolidated statements of income in the period in which they are incurred. Gains and losses from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities are recognized in other income (expense), net.

Derivative instruments

Derivative instruments - Derivatives are recognized on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value, with classification as current or non-current based upon the maturity of the derivative instrument. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are recorded in current earnings or deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), depending on the type of hedging transaction and whether a derivative is designated as, and is effective as, a hedge. Each instrument is accounted for individually and assets and liabilities are not offset.

Hedge accounting is only applied when the derivative is deemed to be highly effective at offsetting changes in anticipated cash flows of the hedged item or transaction. Changes in fair value of derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the underlying transactions are recognized in earnings. At such time, related deferred hedging gains or losses are recorded in earnings on the same line as the hedged item. Effectiveness is assessed at the inception of the hedge and on a quarterly basis. Effectiveness of forward contract cash flow hedges are assessed based solely on changes in fair value attributable to the change in the spot rate. The change in the fair value of the contract related to the change in forward rates is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Changes in this excluded component of the derivative instrument, along with any ineffectiveness identified, are recorded in earnings as incurred. We document our risk management strategy and hedge effectiveness at the inception of, and during the term of, each hedge.

We also use forward contracts to hedge foreign currency assets and liabilities, for which we do not apply hedge accounting. The changes in fair value of these contracts are recognized in other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of income, as they occur and offset gains or losses on the remeasurement of the related asset or liability.

Recently adopted and issued accounting standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards under U.S. GAAP

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” This update requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. See Note 4 to our condensed consolidated financial statements of this Quarterly Report for more information.

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)”, which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. Entities are permitted to apply the amendments either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the ASU recognized at the date of initial application. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” This update addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. Among other amendments, this update requires equity investments not accounted for under the equity method of accounting to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. An entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. This updated guidance also simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values and eliminates the requirement to disclose significant assumptions and methods used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost. The updated guidance further requires the use of an exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. All amendments are required to be adopted on a modified retrospective basis, with two exceptions. The amendments related to equity investments without readily determinable fair values and the requirement to use an exit price notion are required to be adopted prospectively. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. These amendments clarify the guidance in ASU No. 2016-01, on the following issues (among other things): Equity Securities without a Readily Determinable Fair Value-Discontinuation; Equity Securities without a Readily Determinable Fair Value - Adjustment; Forward Contracts and Purchase Options; Presentation Requirements for Certain Fair Value Option Liabilities; Fair Value Option Liabilities Denominated in a Foreign Currency; and Transition Guidance for Equity Securities without a Readily Determinable Fair Value. The amendments in this ASU are effective in conjunction with the adoption of ASU No. 2016-01. In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-04, “Investments-Debt Securities (Topic 320) and Regulated Operations (Topic 980): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 117 and SEC Release No. 33-9273.” This ASU supersedes SEC paragraphs pursuant to the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 117, which brings existing guidance into conformity with Topic 321, Investments-Equity Securities, and SEC Release No. 33-9273, which removed Regulation S-X Rule 3A-05, Special Requirements as to Public Utility Holding Companies. The adoption of these updates did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2016-15, “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” This update amends the existing guidance for the statement of cash flows and provides guidance on eight classification issues related to the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU are required to be adopted retrospectively. For issues that are impracticable to adopt retrospectively, the amendments may be adopted prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2016-16, “Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory.” This update requires that income tax consequences are recognized on an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The amendments in this ASU are required to be adopted on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2017-01, “Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” This update clarifies the definition of a business and provides a screen to determine when a set of assets and activities is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired or disposed of is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, such set of assets is not a business. The amendments in this ASU are required to be adopted prospectively. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” This update requires employers to disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost and disclose the amount of net benefit cost that is included in the income statement or capitalized in assets, by line item. The updated guidance requires employers to report the service cost component in the same line item(s) as other compensation costs and to report other pension-related costs (which include interest costs, amortization of pension-related costs from prior periods, and the gains or losses on plan assets) separately and exclude them from the subtotal of operating income. The updated guidance also allows only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. The amendments in this ASU are effective for us on January 1, 2018. The guidance requires adoption on a retrospective basis for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit cost in the income statement and on a prospective basis for the capitalization of the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit in assets. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2017-09, “Scope of Modification Accounting.” This update provides clarity on when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. The amendments in this ASU are effective for us January 1, 2018 and are required to be adopted prospectively. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, “Income Taxes (Topic 740)-Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118.” This ASU adds SEC paragraphs pursuant to the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which expresses the view of the staff regarding application of Topic 740, Income Taxes, in the reporting period that includes December 22, 2017 - the date on which the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R.1, An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018) (the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”) was signed into law. The amendments in this ASU are effective upon issuance. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards under U.S. GAAP

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases.” This update requires that a lessee recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Similar to current guidance, the update continues to differentiate between finance leases and operating leases, however, this distinction now primarily relates to differences in the manner of expense recognition over time and in the classification of lease payments in the statement of cash flows. The updated guidance leaves the accounting for leases by lessors largely unchanged from existing GAAP. Early application is permitted. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective adoption, with certain relief provisions, for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements when adopted. The guidance will become effective for us on January 1, 2019. The impacts that adoption of the ASU is expected to have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures are being evaluated. As part of our assessment work-to-date, we have formed an implementation work team, conducted training for the relevant staff regarding the potential impacts of the new ASU and are continuing our contract analysis and policy review. We have engaged external resources to assist us in our efforts of completing the analysis of potential changes to current accounting practices. Additionally, we have not determined the effect of the ASU on our internal control over financial reporting or other changes in business practices and processes.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses.” This update introduces a new model for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments based on an estimate of current expected credit losses. The updated guidance applies to (i) loans, accounts receivable, trade receivables and other financial assets measured at amortized cost, (ii) loan commitments and other off-balance sheet credit exposures, (iii) debt securities and other financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income and (iv) beneficial interests in securitized financial assets. The amendments in this ASU are effective for us on January 1, 2020 and are required to be adopted on a modified retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, “Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.” This update improves the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity's risk management activities in its financial statements and make certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance in current GAAP. The amendments in this update better align an entity's risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and presentation of hedge results. The amendments in this ASU are effective for us January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. For cash flow and net investment hedges as of the adoption date, the guidance requires a modified retrospective approach. The amended presentation and disclosure guidance is required to be adopted prospectively. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI).” This update provides an option to reclassify stranded tax effects with AOCI to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (or portion thereof) is recorded. The ASU requires financial statement disclosures that indicate a description of the accounting policy for releasing income tax effects from AOCI; whether there is an election to reclassify the stranded income tax effects from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and information about the other income tax effects are reclassified. These amendments affect any organization that is required to apply the provisions of Topic 220, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income, and has items of other comprehensive income for which the related tax effects are presented in other comprehensive income as required by GAAP. The amendments in this ASU are effective for us January 1, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” This update expands the scope of Topic 718 to include all share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The amendments in this update specify that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which the grantor acquires goods and services to be used or consumed in its own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments in this update also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under ASC Topic 606. The amendments in this update are effective for us on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted, but no earlier than our adoption of ASC Topic 606. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.