UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

__________________________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______________________ to _______________________.

Commission File Number: 001-38180

__________________________________________________________________________

HF FOODS GROUP INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	81-2717873 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
6325 South Rainbow Boulevard, Suite 420, Las Vegas, NV 89118
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(888) 905-0988

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value	HFFG	Nasdaq Capital Market
Preferred Share Purchase Rights	N/A	Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 5, 2023, the registrant had 54,145,924 shares of common stock outstanding.

HF Foods Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Form 10-Q for the Quarter Ended June 30, 2023

Table of Contents

Description		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)	5
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	31
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	31
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	33
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	33
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	33
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	33
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	33
Item 5.	Other Information	33
Item 6.	Exhibits	34
SIGNATURE PAGE		35

PART I.     FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements.

HF Foods Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash	$	14,946	$	24,289
Accounts receivable, net	45,586		44,186
Accounts receivable - related parties	607		213
Inventories	111,066		120,291
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	12,482		8,937
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS	184,687		197,916
Property and equipment, net	136,724		140,330
Operating lease right-of-use assets	12,336		14,164
Long-term investments	2,414		2,679
Customer relationships, net	152,465		157,748
Trademarks and other intangibles, net	33,484		36,343
Goodwill	85,118		85,118
Other long-term assets	4,860		3,231
TOTAL ASSETS	$	612,088	$	637,529
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Checks issued not presented for payment	$	20,874	$	21,946
Line of credit	42,173		53,056
Accounts payable	54,848		55,515
Accounts payable - related parties	870		1,529
Current portion of long-term debt, net	5,936		6,266
Current portion of obligations under finance leases	1,980		2,254
Current portion of obligations under operating leases	3,538		3,676
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	19,763		19,648
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES	149,982		163,890
Long-term debt, net of current portion	112,623		115,443
Obligations under finance leases, non-current	11,375		11,441
Obligations under operating leases, non-current	9,052		10,591
Deferred tax liabilities	33,119		34,443
Other long-term liabilities	5,337		5,472
TOTAL LIABILITIES	321,488		341,280
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 14)
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	—		—
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 54,086,164 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and 53,813,777 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022	5		5
Additional paid-in capital	600,030		598,322
Accumulated deficit	(313,297)		(306,514)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO HF FOODS GROUP INC.	286,738		291,813
Noncontrolling interests	3,862		4,436
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	290,600		296,249
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	612,088	$	637,529

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

HF Foods Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net revenue - third parties	$	290,364	$	298,138	$	581,926	$	574,289
Net revenue - related parties	1,948		1,504		4,241		3,568
TOTAL NET REVENUE	292,312		299,642		586,167		577,857
Cost of revenue - third parties	239,724		245,716		481,181		471,349
Cost of revenue - related parties	1,922		1,356		4,148		3,211
TOTAL COST OF REVENUE	241,646		247,072		485,329		474,560
GROSS PROFIT	50,666		52,570		100,838		103,297
Distribution, selling and administrative expenses	52,243		45,843		105,172		86,251
(LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS	(1,577)		6,727		(4,334)		17,046
Other (income) expenses:
Interest expense	2,847		1,549		5,715		2,827
Other income	(127)		(163)		(355)		(939)
Change in fair value of interest rate swap contracts	(2,856)		(208)		(110)		(566)
Lease guarantee expense	(90)		(42)		(210)		5,889
Total other (income) expenses, net	(226)		1,136		5,040		7,211
(LOSS) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	(1,351)		5,591		(9,374)		9,835
Income tax expense (benefit)	209		1,097		(2,017)		2,201
NET (LOSS) INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME	(1,560)		4,494		(7,357)		7,634
Less: net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(710)		(70)		(574)		(44)
NET (LOSS) INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO HF FOODS GROUP INC.	$	(850)	$	4,564	$	(6,783)	$	7,678
(LOSS) EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE - BASIC	$	(0.02)	$	0.08	$	(0.13)	$	0.14
(LOSS) EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE - DILUTED	$	(0.02)	$	0.08	$	(0.13)	$	0.14
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES - BASIC	54,046,328		53,706,392		53,935,178		53,706,392
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES - DILUTED	54,046,328		53,900,883		53,935,178		53,927,957

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

HF Foods Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(7,357)	$	7,634
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	13,129		11,859
Asset impairment charges	1,200		422
Gain from disposal of property and equipment	—		(1,351)
Provision for credit losses	56		111
Deferred tax benefit	(1,324)		(2,674)
Change in fair value of interest rate swap contracts	(110)		(565)
Stock-based compensation	1,848		511
Non-cash lease expense	1,916		1,579
Lease guarantee expense	(210)		5,889
Other expense (income)	389		(47)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (excluding effects of acquisitions):
Accounts receivable	(1,456)		(6,529)
Accounts receivable - related parties	(394)		(629)
Inventories	9,225		(13,662)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(3,545)		(4,199)
Other long-term assets	(1,519)		(494)
Accounts payable	(667)		16,799
Accounts payable - related parties	(659)		159
Operating lease liabilities	(1,765)		(1,551)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(25)		396
Net cash provided by operating activities	8,732		13,658
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(1,522)		(4,028)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	—		7,667
Payment made for acquisition of Sealand	—		(34,849)
Payment made for acquisition of Great Wall Group	—		(17,445)
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,522)		(48,655)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Checks issued not presented for payment	(1,072)		2,348
Proceeds from line of credit	594,916		625,656
Repayment of line of credit	(605,826)		(620,783)
Proceeds from long-term debt	—		45,952
Repayment of long-term debt	(3,172)		(7,882)
Payment of debt financing costs	—		(579)
Repayment of obligations under finance leases	(1,399)		(1,243)
Repayment of promissory note payable - related party	—		(4,500)
Proceeds from noncontrolling interests shareholders	—		240
Cash distribution to shareholders	—		(186)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(16,553)		39,023
Net (decrease) increase in cash	(9,343)		4,026
Cash at beginning of the period	24,289		14,792
Cash at end of the period	$	14,946	$	18,818

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

HF Foods Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow data:
Cash paid for interest	$	5,420	$	1,883
Cash paid for income taxes	825		8,525
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	$	88	$	3,913
Property acquired in exchange for finance leases	1,059		1,220
Intangible asset acquired in exchange for noncontrolling interests	—		566

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

HF Foods Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)		Total Shareholders’ Equity Attributable to HF Foods Group Inc.		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Shareholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at January 1, 2022	53,706,392	$	5	$	597,227	$	(306,284)	$	290,948	$	4,041	$	294,989
Cumulative effect of adoption of CECL (ASU 2016-13)	—	—		—		(690)		(690)		—		(690)
Balance at January 1, 2022	53,706,392	5		597,227		(306,974)		290,258		4,041		294,299
Net income	—	—		—		3,114		3,114		26		3,140
Capital contribution by shareholders	—	—		—		—		—		806		806
Distribution to shareholders	—	—		—		—		—		(89)		(89)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		290		—		290		—		290
Balance at March 31, 2022	53,706,392	5		597,517		(303,860)		293,662		4,784		298,446
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		4,564		4,564		(70)		4,494
Distribution to shareholders	—	—		—		—		—		(97)		(97)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		221		—		221		—		221
Balance at June 30, 2022	53,706,392	$	5	$	597,738	$	(299,296)	$	298,447	$	4,617	$	303,064
Balance at January 1, 2023	53,813,777	$	5	$	598,322	$	(306,514)	$	291,813	$	4,436	$	296,249
Net (loss) income	—	—		—		(5,933)		(5,933)		136		(5,797)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to equity compensation plan	37,847	—		—		—		—		—		—
Shares withheld for tax withholdings on vested awards	(7,132)	—		(34)		—		(34)		—		(34)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		1,096		—		1,096		—		1,096
Balance at March 31, 2023	53,844,492	5		599,384		(312,447)		286,942		4,572		291,514
Net (loss) income	—	—		—		(850)		(850)		(710)		(1,560)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to equity compensation plan	269,113	—		—		—		—		—		—
Shares withheld for tax withholdings on vested awards	(27,441)	—		(106)		—		(106)		—		(106)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		752		—		752		—		752
Balance at June 30, 2023	54,086,164	$	5	$	600,030	$	(313,297)	$	286,738	$	3,862	$	290,600

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

HF Foods Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 - Organization and Description of Business

Organization and General

HF Foods Group Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively “HF Group”, or the “Company”) is an Asian foodservice distributor that markets and distributes fresh produce, seafood, frozen and dry food, and non-food products to primarily Asian restaurants and other foodservice customers throughout the United States. The Company's business consists of one operating segment, which is also its one reportable segment: HF Group, which operates solely in the United States. The Company's customer base consists primarily of Chinese and Asian restaurants, and it provides sales and service support to customers who mainly converse in Mandarin or Chinese dialects.

On April 29, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all of the operating assets of Sealand Food, Inc. ("Sealand") including equipment, machinery and vehicles. The acquisition was completed to expand the Company's territory along the East Coast, from Massachusetts to Florida, as well as Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee. See Note 6 - Acquisitions for additional information on the Sealand acquisition.

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC and have been consistently applied. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. These financial statements are condensed and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of HF Group and a variable interest entity for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. For consolidated entities where we own or are exposed to less than 100% of the economics, the Company records net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) equal to the percentage of the economic or ownership interest retained in such entity by the respective noncontrolling party.

Variable Interest Entities

GAAP provides guidance on the identification of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and financial reporting for an entity over which control is achieved through means other than voting interests. The Company evaluates each of its interests in an entity to determine whether or not the investee is a VIE and, if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of such VIE. In determining whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company considers if the Company (1) has power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE, and (2) has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive the economic benefits of the VIE that could be potentially significant to the VIE. If deemed the primary beneficiary, the Company consolidates the VIE.

FUSO Trucking, LLC (“FUSO”) is a VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Although its operations have wound down and its remaining assets and liabilities are immaterial, FUSO continues to be consolidated by the Company as a VIE. The Company also has a VIE, AnHeart, Inc. (“AnHeart”), for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate. The Company did not incur expenses from VIEs and did not have any sales to or income from any VIEs during the six months ended June 30, 2023. See Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies for additional information on AnHeart.

6

Noncontrolling Interests

GAAP requires that noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries and affiliates be reported in the equity section of the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the amounts attributable to the net income (loss) of those noncontrolling interests are reported separately in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, noncontrolling interest equity consisted of the following:

($ in thousands)	Ownership of noncontrolling interest at June 30, 2023	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
HF Foods Industrial, LLC ("HFFI") (a)	45.00%	$	(672)	$	204
Min Food, Inc.	39.75%	1,836		1,704
Monterey Food Service, LLC	35.00%	447		452
Ocean West Food Services, LLC	32.50%	2,161		1,986
Syncglobal Inc.	43.00%	90		90
Total		$	3,862	$	4,436

_________________

(a)During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company began to wind down HFFI operations. Accordingly, the machinery used in HFFI operations was impaired. See Note 4 - Balance Sheet Components for additional information.

Uses of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during each reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, allowance for expected credit losses, inventory reserves, useful lives of property and equipment, lease assumptions, impairment of long-lived assets, impairment of long-term investments, impairment of goodwill, the purchase price allocation and fair value of assets and liabilities acquired with respect to business combinations, realization of deferred tax assets, uncertain income tax positions, the liability for self-insurance and stock-based compensation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has implemented all new pronouncements that are in effect and that may impact its condensed consolidated financial statements and does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements or results of operations.

Note 3 - Revenue

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods was immaterial. Revenue expected to be recognized in any future periods related to remaining performance obligations is immaterial.

7

The following table presents the Company's net revenue disaggregated by principal product categories:

	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2023				2022				2023				2022
Seafood	$	91,382	31	%	$	93,397	32	%	$	184,272	32	%	$	168,203	29	%
Asian Specialty	76,337		26	%	75,337		25	%	154,161		26	%	150,013		26	%
Meat and Poultry	56,012		19	%	63,109		21	%	108,061		18	%	124,025		22	%
Fresh Produce	31,636		11	%	31,076		10	%	63,847		11	%	60,955		11	%
Packaging and Other	18,037		6	%	21,296		7	%	37,433		6	%	43,309		7	%
Commodity	18,908		7	%	15,427		5	%	38,393		7	%	31,352		5	%
Total	$	292,312	100	%	$	299,642	100	%	$	586,167	100	%	$	577,857	100	%

Note 4 - Balance Sheet Components

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accounts receivable	$	47,060	$	45,628
Less: allowance for expected credit losses	(1,474)		(1,442)
Accounts receivable, net	$	45,586	$	44,186

Movement of allowance for expected credit losses was as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Beginning balance	$	1,442	$	840
Adjustment for adoption of the CECL standard	—		690
Increase (decrease) in provision for expected credit losses	56		(54)
Bad debt write-offs	(24)		(8)
Ending balance	$	1,474	$	1,468

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Automobiles	$	37,157	$	34,891
Buildings	63,045		63,045
Building improvements	22,944		20,637
Furniture and fixtures	527		444
Land	49,929		49,929
Machinery and equipment	13,827		17,210
Subtotal	187,429		186,156
Less: accumulated depreciation	(50,705)		(45,826)
Property and equipment, net	$	136,724	$	140,330

Depreciation expense was $2.4 million and $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation expense was $5.0 million and $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company impaired machinery and recognized impairment expense of $1.2 million in distribution, selling and administrative expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and

8

comprehensive income. See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information regarding the Company’s operations at HFFI.

Long-term investments consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	Ownership as of June 30, 2023	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Asahi Food, Inc. ("Asahi")	49%	$	614	$	879
Pt. Tamron Akuatik Produk Industri ("Tamron")	12%	1,800		1,800
Total long-term investments		$	2,414	$	2,679

The investment in Tamron is accounted for using the measurement alternative under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 321 Investments—Equity Securities, which is measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments, if any. The investment in Asahi is accounted for under the equity method due to the fact that the Company has significant influence but does not exercise control over this investee. The Company determined there was no impairment as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 for these investments.

Accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued compensation	$	6,007	$	6,798
Accrued professional fees	2,077		3,866
Accrued interest and fees	1,202		1,082
Self-insurance liability	1,413		1,286
Accrued other	9,064		6,616
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	19,763	$	19,648

Note 5 - Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the Company's hierarchy for its assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated:

	June 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs				Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	640	$	—	$	640	$	—	$	530	$	—	$	530

The Company follows the provisions of ASC Topic 820 Fair Value Measurement which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

•Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.

•Level 2 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

9

•Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about what assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.

Any transfers of assets or liabilities between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy will be recognized at the end of the reporting period in which the transfer occurs. There were no transfers between fair value levels in any of the periods presented herein.

The carrying amounts reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash, accounts receivable, advances to suppliers, other current assets, accounts payable, checks issued not presented for payment and accrued expenses and other liabilities approximate their fair value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments.

Please refer to Note 8 - Derivative Financial Instruments for additional information regarding the Company’s interest rate swaps.

Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value of Outstanding Debt - The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s outstanding debt as described in Note 9 - Debt of the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, including the current portion, as of the dates indicated:

	Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Carrying Value
June 30, 2023
Fixed rate debt:
Bank of America	$	—	$	—	$	1,500	$	1,768
East West Bank	—		—		1,747		2,314
Other finance institutions	—		—		81		81
Variable rate debt:
JPMorgan Chase & Co.	$	—	$	108,698	$	—	$	108,698
Bank of America	—		2,261		—		2,261
East West Bank	—		3,437		—		3,437
December 31, 2022
Fixed rate debt:
Bank of America	$	—	$	—	$	1,630	$	1,948
East West Bank	—		—		1,786		2,351
Other finance institutions	—		—		186		197
Variable rate debt:
JPMorgan Chase & Co.	$	—	$	111,413	$	—	$	111,413
Bank of America	—		2,330		—		2,330
East West Bank	—		3,471		—		3,471

The carrying value of the variable rate debt approximates its fair value because of the variability of interest rates associated with these instruments. For the Company's fixed rate debt, the fair values were estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on the current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

Please refer to Note 9 - Debt for additional information regarding the Company's debt.

Note 6 - Acquisitions

Acquisition of Sealand

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On April 29, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all of the operating assets of Sealand, including equipment, machinery and vehicles. The acquisition was completed to expand the Company's territory along the East Coast, from Massachusetts to Florida, as well as Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee.

The price for the purchased assets was $20.0 million paid in cash at closing. In addition to the closing cash payment, the Company separately acquired all of the sellers' saleable product inventory, for approximately $14.4 million and additional fixed assets for approximately $0.5 million. The Company finalized its purchase accounting as of December 31, 2022.

The Company accounted for this transaction under ASC 805 Business Combinations, by applying the acquisition method of accounting and established a new basis of accounting on the date of acquisition. The assets acquired by the Company were measured at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the net assets recognized and represent synergies and benefits expected as a result from combining operations with an emerging national presence. The transaction costs for the acquisition for the six months ended June 30, 2022 totaled approximately $0.3 million and were reflected in distribution, selling and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

The information included herein was prepared based on the allocation of the purchase price using estimates of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed which were determined using a combination of quoted market prices, discounted cash flows, and other estimates made by management. The Company finalized the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the Sealand acquisition as of March 31, 2023.

Purchase Price Allocation

The total consideration paid to acquire the assets and liabilities of Sealand, as set forth below:

(In thousands)	Amount
Inventory	$	13,846
Property plant, and equipment	1,424
Right-of-use assets	127
Intangible assets	14,717
Total assets acquired	30,114
Obligations under operating leases	127
Total liabilities assumed	127
Net assets	29,987
Goodwill	4,861
Total consideration	$	34,848

The Company recorded acquired intangible assets of $14.7 million, which were measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs. These intangible assets include tradenames and trademarks of $4.4 million, customer relationships of $8.9 million and non-competition agreements of $1.4 million. The fair value of customer relationships was determined by applying the income approach utilizing the excess earnings methodology and Level 3 inputs including a discount rate. The fair value of tradenames and trademarks was determined by applying the income approach utilizing the relief from royalty methodology and Level 3 inputs including a royalty rate of 1% and a discount rate. The fair value of non-competition agreements was determined by applying the income approach and Level 3 inputs including a discount rate. Discount rates used in determining fair values for customer relationships, tradenames and trademarks, and non-competition agreements ranged from 17.5% to 18.0%. The useful lives of the tradenames and trademarks are ten years, customer relationships are ten years and non-competition agreements are three years, with a weighted average amortization period of approximately nine years. The associated goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.

Unaudited Supplemental Pro Forma Financial Information

The following table presents the Company’s unaudited pro forma results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as if the acquisition of Sealand had been consummated on January 1, 2022. The unaudited pro forma financial information presented includes the effects of adjustments related to the amortization of acquired intangible assets and excludes other non-recurring

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transaction costs directly associated with the acquisition such as legal and other professional service fees. Statutory rates were used to calculate income taxes.

(In thousands, except share and per share data)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022		Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Pro forma net revenue	$	307,587	$	609,685
Pro forma net income attributable to HF Group	$	3,628	$	7,253
Pro forma earnings per common share - basic	$	0.07	$	0.14
Pro forma earnings per common share - diluted	$	0.07	$	0.13
Pro forma weighted average shares - basic	53,706,392		53,706,392
Pro forma weighted average shares - diluted	53,900,883		53,927,957

Note 7 - Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill was $85.1 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There was no change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Acquired Intangible Assets

The components of the intangible assets are as follows:

	June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Non-competition agreement	$	3,892	$	(1,781)	$	2,111	$	3,892	$	(1,132)	$	2,760
Trademarks	44,256		(12,883)		31,373		44,256		(10,673)		33,583
Customer relationships	185,266		(32,801)		152,465		185,266		(27,518)		157,748
Total	$	233,414	$	(47,465)	$	185,949	$	233,414	$	(39,323)	$	194,091

Amortization expense for acquired intangible assets was $4.1 million and $4.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense for acquired intangible assets was $8.1 million and $7.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company impaired its acquired developed technology and recognized impairment expense of $0.4 million in distribution, selling and administrative expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Note 8 - Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Instruments

The Company utilizes interest rate swaps ("IRS") for the sole purpose of mitigating interest rate fluctuation risk associated with floating rate debt instruments (as defined in Note 9 - Debt). The Company does not use any other derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

On August 20, 2019, HF Group entered into two IRS contracts with East West Bank (the "EWB IRS") for initial notional amounts of $1.1 million and $2.6 million, respectively. On April 20, 2023, the Company amended the corresponding mortgage term loans, which pegged the two mortgage term loans to 1-month Term SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) + 2.29% per annum for the remaining duration of the term loans. The amended EWB IRS contracts fixed the two term loans at 4.23% per annum until maturity in September 2029.

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On December 19, 2019, HF Group entered into an IRS contract with Bank of America (the "BOA IRS") for an initial notional amount of $2.7 million in conjunction with a newly contracted mortgage term loan of corresponding amount. On December 19, 2021, the Company entered into the Second Amendment to Loan Agreement, which pegged the mortgage term loan to Term SOFR + 2.5%. The BOA IRS was modified accordingly to fix the SOFR based loan to approximately 4.50%. The term loan and corresponding BOA IRS contract mature in December 2029.

On March 15, 2023, the Company entered into an amortizing IRS contract with J.P. Morgan Chase for an initial notional amount of $120.0 million, effective from March 1, 2023 and expiring in March 2028, as a means to partially hedge its existing floating rate loans exposure. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company will pay the swap counterparty a fixed rate of 4.11% in exchange for floating payments based on Term SOFR.

The Company evaluated the aforementioned IRS contracts currently in place and did not designate those as cash flow hedges. Hence, the fair value change on these IRS contracts are accounted for and recognized as a change in fair value of IRS contracts in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

As of June 30, 2023, the Company determined that the fair values of the IRS contracts were $0.6 million in an asset position. As of December 31, 2022, the fair values of the IRS contracts were $0.5 million in an asset position. The Company includes these in other long-term assets and other long-term liabilities, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible, as well as consider counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value. The inputs used to determine the fair value of the IRS are classified as Level 2 on the fair value hierarchy.

Note 9 - Debt

Long-term debt at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is summarized as follows:

($ in thousands)
Bank Name	Maturity	Interest Rate at June 30, 2023	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Bank of America (a)	October 2026 - December 2029	4.28% - 5.80%	$	4,030	$	4,315
East West Bank (b)	August 2027 - September 2029	4.40% - 8.75%	5,750		5,822
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (c)	December 2023 - January 2030	6.77% - 7.14%	108,978		111,714
Other finance institutions (d)	December 2023 - March 2024	5.99% - 6.14%	81		160
Total debt, principal amount			118,839		122,011
Less: debt issuance costs			(280)		(302)
Total debt, carrying value			118,559		121,709
Less: current portion			(5,936)		(6,266)
Long-term debt			$	112,623	$	115,443

_______________

(a)Loan balance consists of real estate term loan and equipment term loan, collateralized by one real property and specific equipment. The real estate term loan is pegged to TERM SOFR + 2.5%.

(b)Real estate term loans with East West Bank are collateralized by four real properties. Balloon payments of $1.8 million and $2.9 million are due at maturity in 2027 and 2029, respectively.

(c)Real estate term loan with a principal balance of $108.8 million as of June 30, 2023 and 111.4 million as of December 31, 2022 is secured by assets held by the Company and has a maturity date of January 2030. Equipment term loan with a principal balance of $0.1 million as of June 30, 2023 and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2022 is secured by specific vehicles and equipment as defined in loan agreements. Equipment term loan matures in December 2023.

(d)Secured by vehicles.

The terms of the various loan agreements related to long-term bank borrowings require the Company to comply with certain financial covenants, including, but not limited to, a fixed charge coverage ratio and effective tangible net worth. As of June 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with its covenants.

Note 10 - Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC Topic 260 (“ASC 260”), Earnings per Share. ASC 260 requires companies with complex capital structures to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net

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income divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS, but presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of potential common shares (e.g., convertible securities, options, warrants and restricted stock) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential common shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. There were 92,945 and 100,012 potential common shares related to performance-based restricted stock units and restricted stock units that were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. There were 3,471 and 3,668 potential common shares related to total shareholder return performance-based restricted stock units that were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands, except share and per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net (loss) income attributable to HF Foods Group Inc.	$	(850)	$	4,564	$	(6,783)	$	7,678
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	54,046,328		53,706,392		53,935,178		53,706,392
Effect of dilutive securities	—		194,491		—		221,565
Weighted-average dilutive shares outstanding	54,046,328		53,900,883		53,935,178		53,927,957
(Loss) earnings per common share:
Basic	$	(0.02)	$	0.08	$	(0.13)	$	0.14
Diluted	$	(0.02)	$	0.08	$	(0.13)	$	0.14

Note 11 - Income Taxes

The Company has computed its provision for income taxes under the discrete method which treats the year-to-date period as if it were the annual period and determines the income tax expense or benefit on that basis. The Company believes that, at this time, the use of the discrete method is more appropriate than the estimated annual effective tax rate method as the estimated annual effective tax rate method is not reliable.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company's effective income tax rate of (15.5)% and 21.5%, respectively, differed from the federal statutory tax rate primarily as a result of permanent differences and state income taxes. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company's effective income tax rate of 19.6% and 22.4%, respectively, differed from the federal statutory tax rate primarily as a result of state income taxes.

Note 12 - Related Party Transactions

The Company makes regular purchases from and sales to various related parties. Related party affiliations were attributed to transactions conducted between the Company and those business entities partially or wholly owned by the Company, the Company's officers and/or shareholders who owned no less than 10% shareholdings of the Company.

Mr. Xiao Mou Zhang (“Mr. Zhang”) became the sole Chief Executive Officer on February 23, 2021. Mr. Xiao Mou Zhang and certain of his immediate family also have ownership interests in various related parties involved in (i) the distribution of food and related products to restaurants and other retailers and (ii) the supply of fresh food, frozen food, and packaging supplies to distributors.

The Company believes that Mr. Zhou Min Ni (“Mr. Ni”), the Company’s former Co-Chief Executive Officer, together with various trusts for the benefit of Mr. Ni's four children, are collectively the beneficial owners of approximately 25% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock, and he and certain of his immediate family members have ownership interests in related parties involved in (i) the distribution of food and related products to restaurants and other retailers and (ii) the supply of fresh food, frozen food, and packaging supplies to distributors.

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For the year ended December 31, 2022, North Carolina Good Taste Noodle, Inc. (“NC Noodle”) was a related party due to Mr. Jian Ming Ni's, a former Chief Financial Officer of the Company, continued ownership interest in NC Noodle. As of January 1, 2023, NC Noodle is no longer considered a related party since it has been three years since Mr. Jian Ming Ni resigned.

The related party transactions as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are identified as follows:

Related Party Sales, Purchases, and Lease Agreements

Purchases

Below is a summary of purchases of goods and services from related parties recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

			Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	(In thousands)	Nature	2023		2022		2023		2022
(a)	Best Food Services, LLC	Trade	$	2,729	$	3,546	$	4,813	$	6,491
(b)	Eastern Fresh NJ, LLC	Trade	—		—		—		1,093
(b)	Enson Seafood GA, Inc. (formerly “GA-GW Seafood, Inc.”)	Trade	—		—		37		—
(c)	First Choice Seafood, Inc.	Trade	—		26		—		109
(c)	Fujian RongFeng Plastic Co., Ltd	Trade	—		—		—		398
(d)	North Carolina Good Taste Noodle, Inc.	Trade	—		1,769		—		3,427
(b)	Ocean Pacific Seafood Group, Inc.	Trade	74		141		242		277
	Other	Trade	23		53		75		85
	Total		$	2,826	$	5,535	$	5,167	$	11,880

_______________

(a)Mr. Zhang previously owned an equity interest in this entity indirectly through its parent company as of October 31, 2020. This equity interest was transferred to three Irrevocable Trusts for the benefit of Mr. Zhang's children effective November 1, 2020.

(b)Mr. Ni owns an equity interest in this entity.

(c)Mr. Ni owns an equity interest in this entity indirectly through its parent company.

(d)Mr. Jian Ming Ni, former Chief Financial Officer owns an equity interest in this entity. Mr. Zhou Min Ni previously owned an equity in this entity as of 12/31/2019. The Company has been informed by Mr. Zhou Min Ni that his equity interest was disposed of on 1/1/2020. No longer considered a related party as of 1/1/2023 since it has been three years since Mr. Jian Ming Ni resigned.

Sales

Below is a summary of sales to related parties recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	(In thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
(a)	ABC Food Trading, LLC	$	722	$	1,070	$	1,315	$	2,262
(b)	Asahi Food, Inc.	191		188		386		369
(c)	Best Food Services, LLC	93		223		526		869
(d)	Eagle Food Service, LLC	922		—		1,942		—
(e)	First Choice Seafood, Inc.	8		9		16		18
(e)	Fortune One Foods, Inc.	4		14		23		14
(f)	N&F Logistics, Inc.	—		—		6		36
(g)	Union Food LLC	8		—		27		—
	Total	$	1,948	$	1,504	$	4,241	$	3,568

_______________

(a)Mr. Zhang previously owned an equity interest in this entity indirectly through its parent company as of October 31, 2020. This equity interest was transferred to three Irrevocable Trusts for the benefit of Mr. Zhang's children effective November 1, 2020.

(b)The Company, through its subsidiary MF, owns an equity interest in this entity.

(c)Mr. Zhang previously owned an equity interest in this entity indirectly through its parent company as of October 31, 2020. This equity interest was transferred to three Irrevocable Trusts for the benefit of Mr. Zhang's children effective November 1, 2020.

(d)Tina Ni, one of Mr. Ni’s family members, owns an equity interest in this entity indirectly through its parent company.

(e)Mr. Ni owns an equity interest in this entity indirectly through its parent company.

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(f)Mr. Ni owns an equity interest in this entity.

(g)Tina Ni, one of Mr. Ni’s family members, owns an equity interest in this entity.

Lease Agreements

The Company leases various facilities to related parties.

The Company leased a warehouse to Enson Seafood GA Inc. (formerly GA-GW Seafood, Inc.) under an operating lease agreement expiring on September 21, 2027. On May 18, 2022, the Company sold the warehouse to Enson Seafood GA Inc., a related party, for approximately $7.2 million, recognized a gain of $1.5 million and used a portion of the proceeds to pay the outstanding balance of the Company's $4.5 million loan with First Horizon Bank. Rental income for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was nil and $0.1 million, respectively, and is included in other income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Rental income for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was nil and $0.2 million, respectively, which is included in other income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

In 2020, the Company renewed a warehouse lease from Yoan Chang Trading Inc. under an operating lease agreement which expired on December 31, 2020. In February 2021, the Company executed a new five-year operating lease agreement with Yoan Chang Trading Inc., effective January 1, 2021 and expiring on December 31, 2025. Rent incurred was $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in distribution, selling and administrative expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Rent incurred to the related party was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is included in distribution, selling and administrative expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Related Party Balances

Accounts Receivable - Related Parties, Net

Below is a summary of accounts receivable with related parties recorded as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively:

	(In thousands)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
(a)	ABC Food Trading, LLC	$	146	$	—
(b)	Asahi Food, Inc.	133		81
(c)	Best Food Services. LLC	94		—
(d)	Eagle Food Service, LLC	173		69
(e)	Enson Seafood GA, Inc. (formerly as GA-GW Seafood, Inc.)	59		59
(f)	Fortune One Foods, Inc.	—		4
(g)	Union Food LLC	2		—
	Total	$	607	$	213

_______________

(a)Mr. Zhang previously owned an equity interest in this entity indirectly through its parent company as of October 31, 2020. This equity interest was transferred to three Irrevocable Trusts for the benefit of Mr. Zhang's children effective November 1, 2020.

(b)The Company, through its subsidiary MF, owns an equity interest in this entity.

(c)Mr. Zhang previously owned an equity interest in this entity indirectly through its parent company as of October 31, 2020. This equity interest was transferred to three Irrevocable Trusts for the benefit of Mr. Zhang's children effective November 1, 2020.

(d)Tina Ni, one of Mr. Ni’s family members, owns an equity interest in this entity indirectly through its parent company.

(e)Mr. Ni owns an equity interest in this entity.

(f)Mr. Ni owns an equity interest in this entity indirectly through its parent company.

(g)Tina Ni, one of Mr. Ni’s family members, owns an equity interest in this entity.

The Company has reserved for 90% of the accounts receivable for Enson Seafood GA, Inc. as of June 30, 2023. This outstanding balance was reserved for 80% as of December 31, 2022. All other accounts receivable from these related parties are current and considered fully collectible. No additional allowance is deemed necessary as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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Accounts Payable - Related Parties

All the accounts payable to related parties are payable upon demand without interest. Below is a summary of accounts payable with related parties recorded as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively:

	(In thousands)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
(a)	Best Food Services, LLC	$	836	$	729
(b)	North Carolina Good Taste Noodle, Inc.	—		731
	Others	34		69
	Total	$	870	$	1,529

_______________

(a)Mr. Zhang previously owned an equity interest in this entity indirectly through its parent company as of October 31, 2020. This equity interest was transferred to three Irrevocable Trusts for the benefits of Mr. Zhang's children effective November 1, 2020.

(b)Mr. Jian Ming Ni, former Chief Financial Officer owns an equity interest in this entity. Mr. Zhou Min Ni previously owned an equity in this entity as of 12/31/2019. The Company has been informed by Mr. Zhou Min Ni that his equity interest was disposed of on 1/1/2020. No longer considered a related party as of 1/1/2023 since it has been three years since Mr. Jian Ming Ni resigned.

Promissory Note Payable - Related Party

The Company issued a $7.0 million unsecured subordinated promissory note to B&R Group Realty Holding, LLC in January 2020. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company paid the remaining $4.5 million principal balance of this related party promissory note payable. Interest payments paid were $0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

Note 13 - Stock-Based Compensation

In July 2021, the Company began issuing awards under the HF Foods Group Inc. 2018 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Incentive Plan”), which reserves up to 3,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock for issuance of awards to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had 909,226 time-based vesting restricted stock units unvested, 678,381 performance-based restricted stock units unvested, 449,619 shares of common stock vested and 962,774 shares remaining available for future awards under the 2018 Incentive Plan.

Stock-based compensation expense was $0.8 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $1.8 million and $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense was included in distribution, selling and administrative expenses in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

As of June 30, 2023, there was $5.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to all non-vested outstanding RSUs and PSUs outstanding under the 2018 Incentive Plan, with a weighted average remaining service period of 2.22 years.

Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, the Company is a party to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. When the Company becomes aware of a claim or potential claim, it assesses the likelihood of any loss or exposure. In accordance with authoritative guidance, the Company records loss contingencies in its financial statements only for matters in which losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Where a range of loss can be reasonably estimated with no best estimate in the range, the Company records the minimum estimated liability. If the loss is not probable or the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the Company discloses the nature of the specific claim if the likelihood of a potential loss is reasonably possible and the amount involved is material. The Company continuously assesses the potential liability related to its pending litigation and revises its estimates when additional information becomes available. Adverse outcomes in some or all of these matters may result in significant monetary damages or injunctive relief against the Company that could adversely affect its ability to conduct its business. There also exists the possibility of a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements for the period in which the effect of an unfavorable outcome becomes probable and reasonably estimable.

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As previously disclosed, in March 2020, an analyst report suggested certain improprieties in the Company’s operations, and in response to those allegations, the Company’s Board of Directors appointed a Special Committee of Independent Directors (the “Special Investigation Committee”) to conduct an internal independent investigation with the assistance of counsel. These allegations became the subject of two putative stockholder class actions filed on or after March 29, 2020 in the United States District Court for the Central District of California generally alleging the Company and certain of its current and former directors and officers violated the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder by making allegedly false and misleading statements (the “Class Actions”). These Class Actions have since been dismissed and are now closed.

In addition, the SEC initiated a formal, non-public investigation of the Company, and the SEC informally requested, and later issued a subpoena for, documents and other information. The subpoena relates to but is not necessarily limited to the matters identified in the Class Actions. The Special Investigation Committee and the Company are cooperating with the SEC.

While the SEC investigation is ongoing, the Special Investigation Committee has made certain factual findings based on evidence adduced during its investigation, and made recommendations to management regarding improvements to Company operations and structure, including but not limited to its dealings with related parties. The Company is working to implement those improvements.

As with any SEC investigation, there is also the possibility of potential fines and penalties. At this time, however, there has not been a demand made by the SEC nor is it possible at this time to estimate the amount of any such fines and penalties, should they occur.

On May 20, 2022, the Board of Directors of HF Foods received a letter from a stockholder, James Bishop (the “Bishop Demand”). The Bishop Demand alleges that certain current and former officers and directors of HF Foods engaged in misconduct and breached their fiduciary duties, and demands that HF Foods investigate the allegations and, if warranted, assert claims against those current or former officers and directors. Many of the allegations contained in the Bishop Demand were the subject of the Class Actions.

On June 30, 2022, the Board of Directors of HF Foods resolved to form a special committee (the “Special Litigation Committee”) comprised of independent directors and advised by counsel to analyze and evaluate the allegations in the Bishop Demand to determine whether the Company should assert any claims based on the allegations made in the Bishop Demand against the current or former officers and directors.

On August 19, 2022, James Bishop filed a verified stockholder derivative complaint (the “Delaware Action”) in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Court of Chancery”), which asserts similar allegations to those set forth in the Bishop Demand. On September 21, 2022, Bishop and the Company filed a stipulation to stay the Delaware Action for 90 days, which the court granted on September 22, 2022. On December 20, 2022, Bishop and the Company filed a stipulation to extend the stay of the Delaware Action for an additional 60 days, which the court granted on December 21, 2022. On March 15, 2023, the Court of Chancery entered an order approving a joint stipulation submitted by Bishop and HF Foods to stay the case for an additional 60 days.

Effective as of April 20, 2023, the Company and certain parties to the Delaware Action reached an agreement to settle the Delaware Action on the terms and conditions set forth in a binding term sheet, which was incorporated into a long-form settlement agreement on May 5, 2023 (the “Settlement Agreement”), which was filed with the Court of Chancery on May 8, 2023. The Settlement Agreement, which is subject to the approval of the Court of Chancery, provided for, among other things, the dismissal of the Delaware Action with prejudice, and releases of claims against all named defendants in the Delaware Action, in exchange for Zhou Min Ni, a former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Chan Sin Wong, a former President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company, making a payment to the Company in the sum of $9.25 million and the Company adopting certain changes to its bylaws and/or other internal governance policies and procedures. On May 11, 2023, the Court of Chancery scheduled a hearing to be held on September 8, 2023, to consider, among other things, whether to approve the proposed settlement and an application by Bishop’s counsel for an award of attorneys’ fees and expenses.

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AnHeart Lease Guarantee

The Company provided a guarantee for two separate leases for two properties located in Manhattan, New York, at 273 Fifth Avenue and 275 Fifth Avenue, for 30 years and 15 years, respectively. The Company has determined that AnHeart is a VIE as a result of the guarantee. However, the Company concluded it is not the primary beneficiary of AnHeart and therefore does not consolidate, because it does not have the power to direct the activities of AnHeart that most significantly impact AnHeart's economic performance.

On February 10, 2021, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption of Lease Agreement (“Assignment”), dated effective as of January 21, 2021, with AnHeart and Premier 273 Fifth, LLC, pursuant to which it assumed the lease of the premises at 273 Fifth Avenue (the “273 Lease Agreement”). At the same time, the closing documents were delivered to effectuate the amendment of the 273 Lease Agreement pursuant to an Amendment to Lease (the “Lease Amendment”). The Assignment and the Lease Amendment were negotiated in light of the Company’s guarantee obligations as guarantor under the Lease Agreement. The Company agreed to observe all the covenants and conditions of the Lease Agreement, as amended, including the payment of all rents due. Under the terms of the Lease Agreement and the Assignment, the Company has undertaken to construct, at its own expense, a building on the premises at a minimum cost of $2.5 million. The Lease Amendment permits subletting of the premises, and the Company intends to sublease the newly constructed premises to defray the rental expense undertaken pursuant to its guaranty obligations.

On January 17, 2022, the Company received notice that AnHeart had defaulted on its obligations as tenant under the lease for 275 Fifth Avenue. On February 7, 2022, the Company undertook its guaranty obligations by assuming responsibility for payment of monthly rent and other tenant obligations, including past due rent as well as property tax obligations beginning with the January 2022 rent due. On February 25, 2022, the Company instituted a legal action to pursue legal remedies against AnHeart and Minsheng. In March 2022, the Company agreed to stay litigation against AnHeart in exchange for AnHeart’s payment of certain back rent from January to April 2022 and its continued partial payment of monthly rent. The case remains pending in New York.

In accordance with ASC Topic 460, Guarantees, the Company has determined that its maximum exposure resulting from the 275 Fifth Avenue lease guarantee includes future minimum lease payments plus potential additional payments to satisfy maintenance, property tax and insurance requirements under the leases with a remaining term of approximately 11 years. The Company elected a policy to apply the discounted cash flow method to loss contingencies with more than 18 months of payments. AnHeart is obligated to pay all costs associated with the properties, including taxes, insurance, utilities, maintenance and repairs. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded a lease guarantee liability of $5.9 million. The Company determined the discounted value of the lease guarantee liability using a discount rate of 4.55%. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had a lease guarantee liability of $5.6 million. The current portion of the lease guarantee liability of $0.3 million is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities, while the long-term portion is recorded in other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company's monthly rental payments range from approximately $42,000 per month to $63,000 per month, with the final payment due in 2034.

The estimated future minimum lease payments as of June 30, 2023 are presented below:

(In thousands)	Amount
Year Ended December 31,
2023 (remaining six months)	$	280
2024	582
2025	604
2026	621
2027	638
Thereafter	4,478
Total	7,203
Less: imputed interest	(1,583)
Total minimum lease payments	$	5,620

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Note 15 - Subsequent Events

Other than as disclosed elsewhere, no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the accompanying notes.

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ITEM 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND RISK FACTOR SUMMARY

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for HF Foods Group Inc. (“HF Group,” “HF Foods”, the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, intentions, assumptions and other statements that are not historical facts. Words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “will” or similar words or phrases, or the negatives of those words or phrases, may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not necessarily mean that a statement is not forward-looking. We derive many of our forward-looking statements from our operating budgets and forecasts, which are based on many detailed assumptions. While we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, we caution that it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those that we expected. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations, or cautionary statements, include without limitation:

•Low margins in the foodservice distribution industry and periods of significant or prolonged inflation or deflation;

•Qualified labor shortages;

•Unfavorable macroeconomic conditions in the United States;

•Competition in the foodservice distribution industry particularly the entry of new competitors into the Chinese/Asian restaurant supply market niche;

•Increases in fuel costs;

•Disruption of relationships with vendors and increases in product prices;

•Dependency on the timely delivery of products from vendors, particularly the prolonged diminution of global supply chains;

•The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic or other pandemics;

•The steps taken by the governments where our suppliers are located, including the People’s Republic of China, to address the COVID-19 pandemic or other pandemics;

•Disruption of relationships with or loss of customers;

•Changes in consumer eating and dining out habits;

•Related party transactions and possible conflicts of interests;

•Related parties and variable interest entities consolidation;

•Failure to protect our intellectual property rights;

•Our ability to renew or replace our current warehouse leases on favorable terms, or terminations prior to expiration of stated terms;

•Failure to retain our senior management and other key personnel, particularly our CEO, COO, CFO and CCO/General Counsel;

•Our ability to attract, train and retain employees;

•Changes in and enforcement of immigration laws;

•Failure to comply with various federal, state and local rules and regulations regarding food safety, sanitation, transportation, minimum wage, overtime and other health and safety laws;

•Product recalls, voluntary recalls or withdrawals if any of the products we distribute are alleged to have caused illness, been mislabeled, misbranded or adulterated or to otherwise have violated applicable government regulations;

•Costs to comply with environmental laws and regulations;

•Litigation;

•Increases in commodity prices;

•U.S. government tariffs on products imported into the United States, particularly from China;

•Severe weather, natural disasters and adverse climate change;

•Unfavorable geopolitical conditions;

•Any cyber security incident, other technology disruption or delay in implementing our information technology systems;

•Current indebtedness affecting our liquidity and ability of future financing;

•Failure to acquire other distributors or wholesalers and enlarge our customer base could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition;

•Scarcity of and competition for acquisition opportunities;

•Our ability to obtain acquisition financing;

•The impact of non-cash charges relating to the amortization of intangible assets related to material acquisitions;

•Our ability to identify acquisition candidates;

•Increases in debt in order to successfully implement our acquisition strategy;

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•Difficulties in integrating operations, personnel, and assets of acquired businesses that may disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value, and adversely affect our operating results;

•The impact on the price and demand for our common stock resulting from the relative illiquidity of the market for our common stock;

•Significant stockholders’ ability to significantly influence the Company; and

•The impact of state antitakeover laws and related provisions in our governance documents.

We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

All written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements as well as other cautionary statements that are made from time to time in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") and public communications. We caution you that the important factors referenced above may not contain all of the risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that are important to you. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC.

In addition, we cannot assure you that we will realize the results or developments we expect or anticipate or, even if substantially realized, that they will result in the consequences or affect us or our operations in the way we expect. The forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are made only as of the date hereof. Except as otherwise required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Overview

We market and distribute Asian specialty food products, seafood, fresh produce, frozen and dry food, and non-food products primarily to Asian restaurants and other foodservice customers throughout the United States. HF Group was formed through a merger between two complementary market leaders, HF Foods Group Inc. and B&R Global.

On April 29, 2022, HF Group acquired substantially all of the assets of Sealand Food, Inc. (the "Sealand Acquisition"), one of the largest frozen seafood suppliers servicing the Asian/Chinese restaurant market along the eastern seaboard, from Massachusetts to Florida, as well as Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee. See Note 6 - Acquisitions to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

We aim to supply the increasing demand for Asian American restaurant cuisine, leveraging our nationwide network of distribution centers and our strong relations with growers and suppliers of fresh, high-quality specialty restaurant food products and supplies in the US, South America, and China. Capitalizing on our deep understanding of the Chinese culture, we have become a trusted partner serving Asian and Chinese restaurants and other foodservice customers throughout the United States, providing sales and service support to customers who mainly converse in Mandarin or other Chinese dialects. We are dedicated to serving the vast array of Asian and Chinese restaurants in need of high-quality and specialized food ingredients at competitive prices.

Financial Overview

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change				Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		Amount		%		2023		2022		Amount		%
Net revenue	$	292,312	$	299,642	$	(7,330)	(2.4)	%	$	586,167	$	577,857	$	8,310	1.4	%
Net (loss) income	$	(1,560)	$	4,494	$	(6,054)	(134.7)	%	$	(7,357)	$	7,634	$	(14,991)	(196.4)	%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	6,942	$	13,923	$	(6,981)	(50.1)	%	$	12,198	$	31,836	$	(19,638)	(61.7)	%

For additional information on our non-GAAP financial measures, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, see the section entitled “EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA” below.

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How to Assess HF Group’s Performance

In assessing our performance, we consider a variety of performance and financial measures, including principal growth in net revenue, gross profit, distribution, selling and administrative expenses, as well as certain non-GAAP financial measures, including EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. The key measures that we use to evaluate the performance of our business are set forth below:

Net Revenue

Net revenue is equal to gross sales minus sales returns, sales incentives that we offer to our customers, such as rebates and discounts that are offsets to gross sales; and certain other adjustments. Our net revenue is driven by changes in number of customers and average customer order amount, product inflation that is reflected in the pricing of our products and mix of products sold.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is equal to net revenue minus cost of revenue. Cost of revenue primarily includes inventory costs (net of supplier consideration), inbound freight, customs clearance fees and other miscellaneous expenses. Cost of revenue generally changes as we incur higher or lower costs from suppliers and as the customer and product mix changes.

Distribution, Selling and Administrative Expenses

Distribution, selling and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, stock-based compensation and benefits for employees and contract laborers, trucking and fuel expenses, utilities, maintenance and repair expenses, insurance expenses, depreciation and amortization expenses, selling and marketing expenses, professional fees and other operating expenses.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

Discussion of our results includes certain non-GAAP financial measures, including EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, that we believe provides an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends and in comparing our financial performance with other companies in the same industry, many of which present similar non-GAAP financial measures to investors. We present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in order to provide supplemental information that we consider relevant for the readers of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report, and such information is not meant to replace or supersede GAAP measures.

Management uses EBITDA to measure operating performance, defined as net income before interest expense, interest income, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. In addition, management uses Adjusted EBITDA, defined as net income before interest expense, interest income, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization, further adjusted to exclude certain unusual, non-cash, or non-recurring expenses. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA is less susceptible to variances in actual performance resulting from non-recurring expenses, and other non-cash charges and is more reflective of other factors that affect our operating performance.

The definition of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may not be the same as similarly titled measures used by other companies in the industry. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not defined under GAAP and are subject to important limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of HF Group’s results as reported under GAAP. For example, Adjusted EBITDA:

•excludes certain tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available;

•does not reflect any cash capital expenditure requirements for the assets being depreciated and amortized that may have to be replaced in the future;

•does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; and

•does not reflect the significant interest expense, or the cash requirements, necessary to service our debt.

For additional information on EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation to their most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures, see “Results of Operations — EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA” below.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 to Three Months Ended June 30, 2022

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Net revenue	$	292,312	$	299,642	$	(7,330)	(2.4)%
Cost of revenue	241,646		247,072		(5,426)		(2.2)%
Gross profit	50,666		52,570		(1,904)		(3.6)%
Distribution, selling and administrative expenses	52,243		45,843		6,400		14.0%
(Loss) income from operations	(1,577)		6,727		(8,304)		(123.4)%
Interest expense	2,847		1,549		1,298		83.8%
Other income	(127)		(163)		36		(22.1)%
Change in fair value of interest rate swap contracts	(2,856)		(208)		(2,648)		1,273.1%
Lease guarantee expense	(90)		(42)		(48)		114.3%
(Loss) income before income taxes	(1,351)		5,591		(6,942)		(124.2)%
Income tax expense	209		1,097		(888)		(80.9)%
Net (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income	(1,560)		4,494		(6,054)		(134.7)%
Less: net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(710)		(70)		(640)		914.3%
Net (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income attributable to HF Foods Group Inc.	$	(850)	$	4,564	$	(5,414)	(118.6)%

The following table sets forth the components of our consolidated results of operations expressed as a percentage of net revenue for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Net revenue	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of revenue	82.7	%	82.5	%
Gross profit	17.3	%	17.5	%
Distribution, selling and administrative expenses	17.9	%	15.3	%
Income (loss) from operations	(0.5)	%	2.2	%
Interest expense	1.0	%	0.5	%
Other income, net	—	%	(0.1)	%
Change in fair value of interest rate swap contracts	(1.0)	%	(0.1)	%
Lease guarantee expense	—	%	—	%
(Loss) income before income taxes	(0.5)	%	1.9	%
Income tax expense	0.1	%	0.4	%
Net (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income	(0.5)	%	1.5	%
Less: net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(0.2)	%	—	%
Net (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income attributable to HF Foods Group Inc.	(0.3)	%	1.5	%

Net Revenue

Net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023 decreased by $7.3 million, or 2.4%, compared to the same period in 2022. This decrease was primarily attributable to a $7.0 million decrease in Meat and Poultry revenue compared to the same period in 2022 driven by deflationary pricing in poultry.

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Gross Profit

Gross profit was $50.7 million for three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $52.6 million in the same period in 2022, a decrease of $1.9 million, or 3.6%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in Meat and Poultry revenue. Gross profit margin for three months ended June 30, 2023 decreased to 17.3% from 17.5% in the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to the deflationary pressure in Meat and Poultry partially offset by improved Seafood margins.

Distribution, Selling and Administrative Expenses

Distribution, selling and administrative expenses increased by $6.4 million, or 14.0%, primarily due to an increase of $1.8 million in payroll and related labor costs and higher professional fees, which increased by $1.3 million, from $6.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $8.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. In addition, the Company recognized asset impairment of $1.2 million related to our exit of HF Foods Industrial, LLC (“HFFI”). Distribution, selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenue increased to 17.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from 15.3% in the same period in 2022, primarily due to higher professional fees and increased headcount.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 increased by $1.3 million, or 83.8%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to a sharply higher interest-rate environment. Average floating interest rates on our floating-rate debt for the three months ended June 30, 2023 increased by approximately 4.3% on our line of credit and 4.3% on the JPMorgan Chase mortgage-secured term loan, compared to the same period in 2022. Our average daily line of credit balance increased by $1.6 million, or 4.4%, to $37.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $35.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, and our average daily JPMorgan Chase mortgage-secured term loan balance decreased by $5.1 million, or 4.4%, to $109.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $114.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was $209 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to an income tax expense of $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to a loss from operations of $1.6 million during the current period compared to income from operations of $6.7 million in the prior period.

Net (Loss) Income Attributable to HF Foods Group Inc.

Net loss attributable to HF Foods Group Inc. was $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to net income of $4.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease of $5.4 million, or 118.6%, is primarily due to the increased distribution, selling, and administrative costs as well as a $1.3 million increase in interest expense, partially offset by the $2.6 million change in the fair value of interest rate swaps.

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EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

The following table reconciles EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP measure:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Net (loss) income	$	(1,560)	$	4,494	$	(6,054)	(134.7)%
Interest expense	2,847		1,549		1,298		83.8%
Income tax expense	209		1,097		(888)		(80.9)%
Depreciation and amortization	6,440		6,080		360		5.9%
EBITDA	7,936		13,220		(5,284)		(40.0)%
Lease guarantee expense	(90)		(42)		(48)		114.3%
Change in fair value of interest rate swap contracts	(2,856)		(208)		(2,648)		NM
Stock-based compensation expense	752		221		531		240.3%
Acquisition and integration costs	—		310		(310)		NM
Asset impairment charges	1,200		422		778		184.4%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	6,942	$	13,923	$	(6,981)	(50.1)%

_________________

NM Not Meaningful    

Adjusted EBITDA was $6.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $7.0 million, or 50.1%, compared to $13.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was attributable to the lower gross profit and higher distribution, selling and administrative costs.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 to Six Months Ended June 30, 2022

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

	Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Net revenue	$	586,167	$	577,857	$	8,310	1.4%
Cost of revenue	485,329		474,560		10,769		2.3%
Gross profit	100,838		103,297		(2,459)		(2.4)%
Distribution, selling and administrative expenses	105,172		86,251		18,921		21.9%
(Loss) income from operations	(4,334)		17,046		(21,380)		(125.4)%
Interest expense	5,715		2,827		2,888		102.2%
Other income	(355)		(939)		584		(62.2)%
Change in fair value of interest rate swap contracts	(110)		(566)		456		(80.6)%
Lease guarantee expense	(210)		5,889		(6,099)		(103.6)%
(Loss) income before income taxes	(9,374)		9,835		(19,209)		(195.3)%
Income tax (benefit) expense	(2,017)		2,201		(4,218)		(191.6)%
Net (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income	(7,357)		7,634		(14,991)		(196.4)%
Less: net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(574)		(44)		(530)		1,204.5%
Net (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income attributable to HF Foods Group Inc.	$	(6,783)	$	7,678	$	(14,461)	(188.3)%

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The following table sets forth the components of our consolidated results of operations expressed as a percentage of net revenue for the periods indicated:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Net revenue	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of revenue	82.8	%	82.1	%
Gross profit	17.2	%	17.9	%
Distribution, selling and administrative expenses	17.9	%	14.9	%
(Loss) income from operations	(0.7)	%	3.0	%
Interest expense	1.0	%	0.5	%
Other income, net	(0.1)	%	(0.2)	%
Change in fair value of interest rate swap contracts	—	%	(0.1)	%
Lease guarantee expense	—	%	1.0	%
(Loss) income before income taxes	(1.6)	%	1.8	%
Income tax (benefit) expense	(0.3)	%	0.4	%
Net (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income	(1.3)	%	1.4	%
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—	%	—	%
Net (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income attributable to HF Foods Group Inc.	(1.3)	%	1.4	%

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Net Revenue

Net revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 increased by $8.3 million, or 1.4%, compared to the same period in 2022. This increase was attributable to the additional Seafood revenue generated due to the Sealand Food, Inc. acquisition (the “Sealand Acquisition”) and product cost inflation, partially offset by a $16.0 million decrease in Meat and Poultry revenue compared to the same period in 2022 driven by deflationary pricing in poultry.

Gross Profit

Gross profit was $100.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $103.3 million in the same period in 2022, a decrease of $2.5 million, or 2.4%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in Meat and Poultry revenue, partially offset by the additional Seafood revenue generated due to the Sealand Acquisition. Gross profit margin for the six months ended June 30, 2023 decreased to 17.2% from 17.9% for the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to the shift in product mix to higher Seafood sales and the deflationary pressure in Meat and Poultry.

Distribution, Selling and Administrative Expenses

Distribution, selling and administrative expenses increased by $18.9 million, or 21.9%, primarily due to an increase of $4.6 million in payroll and related labor costs, inclusive of the additional costs due to the Sealand Acquisition. Professional fees increased $5.5 million to $15.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $9.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. In addition, the Company recognized asset impairment of $1.2 million related to our exit of HFFI. Distribution, selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenue increased to 17.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from 14.9% in the same period in 2022, primarily due to higher professional fees and increased headcount.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 increased by $2.9 million or 102.2%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to a sharply higher interest-rate environment. Average floating interest rates on our floating-rate debt for the six months ended June 30, 2023 increased by approximately 4.4% on the line of credit and 4.4% on the JPMorgan Chase mortgage-secured term loan, compared to the same period in 2022. Our average daily line of credit balance decreased by $8.9 million, or 18.2%, to $39.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $48.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and our average daily JPMorgan Chase mortgage-secured term loan balance increased by $18.1 million, or 19.7%, to $109.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $91.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Income Tax (Benefit) Expense

Income tax benefit of $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to income tax expense of $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to losses from operations during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Net (Loss) Income Attributable to HF Foods Group Inc.

Net loss attributable to HF Foods Group Inc. was $6.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to net income of $7.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease of $14.5 million, or 188.3%, is primarily due to the increased distribution, selling, and administrative costs as well as a $2.9 million increase in interest expense.

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EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

The following table reconciles EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP measure:

	Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Net (loss) income	$	(7,357)	$	7,634	$	(14,991)	(196.4)%
Interest expense	5,715		2,827		2,888		102.2%
Income tax (benefit) expense	(2,017)		2,201		(4,218)		(191.6)%
Depreciation and amortization	13,129		11,859		1,270		10.7%
EBITDA	9,470		24,521		(15,051)		(61.4)%
Lease guarantee expense	(210)		5,889		(6,099)		(103.6)%
Change in fair value of interest rate swap contracts	(110)		(566)		456		NM
Stock-based compensation expense	1,848		511		1,337		261.6%
Acquisition and integration costs	—		1,059		(1,059)		NM
Asset impairment charges	1,200		422		778		184.4%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	12,198	$	31,836	$	(19,638)	(61.7)%

_________________

NM Not Meaningful    

Adjusted EBITDA was $12.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $19.6 million or 61.7%, compared to $31.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was attributable to the lower gross profit and higher distribution, selling and administrative costs.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2023, we had cash of approximately $14.9 million, checks issued not presented for payment of $20.9 million and access to approximately $57.8 million in additional funds through our $100.0 million line of credit, subject to a borrowing base calculation. We have funded working capital and other capital requirements primarily by cash flow from operations and bank loans. Cash is required to pay purchase costs for inventory, salaries, fuel and trucking expenses, selling expenses, rental expenses, income taxes, other operating expenses and to service debts.

We believe that our cash flow generated from operations is sufficient to meet our normal working capital needs for at least the next twelve months. However, our ability to repay our current obligations will depend on the future realization of our current assets. Management has considered the historical experience, the economy, the trends in the foodservice distribution industry to determine the expected collectability of accounts receivable and the realization of inventories as of June 30, 2023.

We are party to an amortizing IRS contract with J.P. Morgan Chase Bank for an initial notional amount of $120.0 million, expiring in March 2028, as a means to partially hedge our existing floating rate loans exposure. Pursuant to the agreement, we will pay the swap counterparty a fixed rate of 4.11% in exchange for floating payments based on CME Term SOFR.

Effective as of April 20, 2023, we and certain parties to the Delaware Action reached an agreement to settle the Delaware Action on the terms and conditions set forth in a binding term sheet (the “Binding Term Sheet”), which was incorporated into a long-form settlement agreement on May 5, 2023 and filed with the Court of Chancery on May 8, 2023. The Binding Term Sheet provided for, among other things, the dismissal of the Delaware Action with prejudice in exchange for Zhou Min Ni, a former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Chan Sin Wong, a former President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company, making a payment to the Company in the sum of $9.25 million. The full terms of the settlement of the Delaware Action were incorporated into the long-form settlement agreement, which is subject to approval of the Court of Chancery. Please refer to Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Management believes we have sufficient funds to meet our working capital requirements and debt obligations in the next twelve months. However, there are a number of factors that could potentially arise which might result in shortfalls in anticipated cash flow, such as the demand for our products, economic conditions, competitive pricing in the foodservice distribution industry, and our bank and suppliers being able to provide continued support. If the future cash flow from operations and other capital

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resources is insufficient to fund our liquidity needs, we may have to resort to reducing or delaying our expected acquisition plans, liquidating assets, obtaining additional debt or equity capital, or refinancing all or a portion of our debt.

As of June 30, 2023, we have no off balance sheet arrangements that currently have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

The following table summarizes cash flow data for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	8,732	$	13,658	$	(4,926)	(36.1)%
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,522)		(48,655)		47,133		(96.9)%
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(16,553)		39,023		(55,576)		(142.4)%
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(9,343)	$	4,026	$	(13,369)	NM

____________________

NM - Not meaningful

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities consists primarily of net income adjusted for non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, changes in deferred income taxes and others, and includes the effect of working capital changes. Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $4.9 million, or 36%, primarily due to the net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as well as the timing of working capital outlays.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $47.1 million, or 97%, primarily due to acquisitions in the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities decreased by $55.6 million, or 142%, to $16.6 million used in financing activities primarily due to proceeds from long-term debt of $46.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, as well as the net impact of our line of credit from net proceeds of $4.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to a net repayment of $10.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We have prepared the financial information in this Quarterly Report in accordance with GAAP. Preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during these reporting periods. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other factors we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. These assumptions form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Part II, Item 7 — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K includes a summary of the critical accounting policies we believe are the most important to aid in understanding our financial results. There have been no changes to those critical accounting policies that have had a material impact on our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, or expenses during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Interest Rate Risk

Our debt exposes us to risk of fluctuations in interest rates. Floating rate debt, where the interest rate fluctuates periodically, exposes us to short-term changes in market interest rates. Fixed rate debt, where the interest rate is fixed over the life of the instrument, exposes us to changes in market interest rates reflected in the fair value of the debt and to the risk that we may need to refinance maturing debt with new debt at higher rates. We manage our debt portfolio to achieve an overall desired proportion of fixed and floating rate debts and may employ interest rate swaps as a tool from time to time to achieve that position. To manage our interest rate risk exposure, we entered into three interest rate swap contracts to hedge the floating rate term loans. See Note 8 - Derivative Financial Instruments to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

As of June 30, 2023, our aggregate floating rate debt’s outstanding principal balance without hedging was $42.2 million, or 26.2% of total debt, consisting of our revolving line of credit (see Note 9 - Debt to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). Our floating rate debt interest is based on the floating 1-month SOFR plus a predetermined credit adjustment rate plus the bank spread. The remaining 73.8% of our debt is on a fixed rate or a floating rate with hedging. In a hypothetical scenario, a 1% change in the applicable rate would cause the interest expense on our floating rate debt to change by approximately $0.4 million per year.

Fuel Price Risk

We are also exposed to risks relating to fluctuations in the price and availability of diesel fuel. We require significant quantities of diesel fuel for our vehicle fleet, and the inbound delivery of the products we sell is also dependent upon shipment by diesel-fueled vehicles. We currently are able to obtain adequate supplies of diesel fuel, and average prices in the second quarter of 2023 decreased in comparison to average prices in the same period of 2022, decreasing 28.7% on average. However, it is impossible to predict the future availability or price of diesel fuel. The price and supply of diesel fuel fluctuates based on external factors not within our control, including geopolitical developments, supply and demand for oil and gas, regional production patterns, weather conditions and environmental concerns. Increases in the cost of diesel fuel could increase our cost of goods sold and operating costs to deliver products to our customers.

We do not actively hedge the price fluctuation of diesel fuel in general. Instead, we seek to minimize fuel cost risk through delivery route optimization and fleet utilization improvement.

ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report. In connection with this review and the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, we identified five material weaknesses as were reported previously, which continue to exist as of June 30, 2023. We did not properly design or maintain effective controls over the control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication components and monitoring of the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.

Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer have concluded that as a result of the material weaknesses and control deficiencies as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2023. Notwithstanding the weaknesses, our management has concluded that the financial statements included elsewhere in this report present fairly, and in all material respects, our financial position, results of operation and cash flow in conformity with GAAP.

Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

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Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

In order to address and resolve the foregoing material weaknesses, we have begun to implement measures designed to improve our internal control over financial reporting to remediate these material weaknesses, including continuously hiring additional financial personnel with requisite training and experience in the preparation of financial statements in compliance with applicable SEC requirements, formalizing our processes to generate documentation sufficient to support customer orders and purchase orders, and implementing controls to obtain documentation evidencing customer agreements to transaction amounts and account balances.

The measures we are implementing are subject to continued management review supported by confirmation and testing, as well as audit committee oversight. Management remains committed to ongoing efforts to address these material weaknesses. Although we will continue to implement measures to remedy our internal control deficiencies, there can be no assurance that our efforts will be successful or avoid potential future material weaknesses. In addition, until remediation steps have been completed and operated for a sufficient period of time, and subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness is completed, the material weaknesses identified and described above will continue to exist.

Other than the remediation efforts described above, there have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we are a party to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. With respect to our outstanding legal matters, we believe that the amount or estimable range of reasonably possible loss will not, either individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. For information relating to legal proceedings, see Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There were no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, none of our officers or directors adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are incorporated herein by reference or are filed or furnished with this report as indicated below:

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description	Form	Exhibit	Filing Date
3.1	Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation	8-K	3.1	8/11/2017
3.2	Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation	8-K	3.1.2	8/27/2018
3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws	8-K	3.02	11/4/2022
3.4	First Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws, dated April 25, 2023	8-K	3.1	4/26/2023
3.5	Certificate of Designation of Rights, Preferences and Privileges of Series A Participating Preferred Stock	8-K	3.1	4/11/2023
4.1	Specimen Common Stock Certificate	S-1/A	4.2	7/28/2017
4.2	Form of Unit Purchase Option between the Registrant and Chardan Capital Markets, LLC	S-1/A	4.5	7/28/2017
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*	Filed herewith.
**	Furnished herewith.
†	Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	HF Foods Group Inc.
	By: /s/ Xiao Mou Zhang
	Xiao Mou Zhang Chief Executive Officer
	By: /s/ Carlos Rodriguez
	Carlos Rodriguez Chief Financial Officer (Principal accounting and financial officer)
Date: August 9, 2023

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