SS
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to .
Commission File Number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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Not Applicable |
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(Address of principal executive offices) |
(Zip Code) |
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(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class |
Trading Symbol(s) |
Name of each exchange on which registered |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Accelerated filer |
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Non-accelerated filer |
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Smaller reporting company |
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Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No
As of May 3, 2024, there were
Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the “Company,” “CRISPR,” “CRISPR Therapeutics,” “we,” “us,” and “our,” except where the context requires otherwise, refer to CRISPR Therapeutics AG and its consolidated subsidiaries;“our board of directors” refers to the board of directors of CRISPR Therapeutics AG; and we generally refer to CASGEVY (exagamglogene autotemcel [exa-cel]), formerly CTX001, as "CASGEVY".
“CRISPR Therapeutics®” standard character mark and design logo, “CRISPRXTM,” “CRISPR TXTM,” “CTX112TM,” “CTX131TM,” “CTX310TM,” “CTX320TM,” “CTX330TM,” and “CTX211TM” are trademarks and registered trademarks of CRISPR Therapeutics AG. The CASGEVY™ word mark and design are trademarks of Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. All other trademarks and registered trademarks contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may appear without the ® or ™ symbols and any such omission is not intended to indicate waiver of any such rights.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “will,” “would” or the negative or plural of these words or similar expressions or variations, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, statements about:
Any forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q reflect our current views with respect to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause our actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified herein, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors,” set forth in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, if any, our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on February 21, 2024, and in other SEC filings. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make or enter into.
You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents that we have filed as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results, performance or achievements may be materially different from what we expect. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.
Investors and others should note that we announce material information to our investors using our investor relations website (https://crisprtx.gcs-web.com/), SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls and webcasts. We use these channels as well as social media to communicate with the public about our Company, our business, our product candidates and other matters. It is possible that the information we post on social media could be deemed to be material information. Therefore, we encourage investors, the media, and others interested in our Company to review the information we post on the social media channels listed on our investor relations website.
Index
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share data)
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As of |
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March 31, |
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December 31, |
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2024 |
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2023 |
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Assets |
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Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
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$ |
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Marketable securities |
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Accounts receivable |
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Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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Total current assets |
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Property and equipment, net |
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Marketable securities, non-current |
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Intangible assets, net |
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Restricted cash |
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Operating lease assets |
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Other non-current assets |
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Total assets |
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$ |
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$ |
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Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |
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Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable |
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$ |
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$ |
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Accrued expenses |
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Deferred revenue, current |
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Accrued tax liabilities |
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Operating lease liabilities |
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Other current liabilities |
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Total current liabilities |
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Deferred revenue, non-current |
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Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion |
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Other non-current liabilities |
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Total liabilities |
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Shareholders’ equity: |
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Common shares, CHF |
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Treasury shares, at cost, |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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Accumulated deficit |
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( |
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( |
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Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income |
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( |
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Total shareholders' equity |
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Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |
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$ |
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$ |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share data)
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Three Months Ended |
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March 31, |
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2024 |
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2023 |
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Revenue: |
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Collaboration revenue |
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$ |
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$ |
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Grant revenue |
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Total revenue |
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Operating expenses: |
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Research and development |
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General and administrative |
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Collaboration expense, net |
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Total operating expenses |
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Loss from operations |
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( |
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( |
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Other income: |
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Other income, net |
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Total other income, net |
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Net loss before income taxes |
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( |
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( |
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Provision for income taxes |
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( |
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( |
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Net loss |
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( |
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( |
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Foreign currency translation adjustment |
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( |
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Unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities |
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( |
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Comprehensive loss |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Net loss per common share — basic |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding |
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Net loss per common share — diluted |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share data)
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Common Shares |
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Treasury Shares |
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Shares |
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CHF 0.03 |
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Shares |
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Amount, |
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Additional |
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Accumulated |
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Accumulated |
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Total |
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Balance at December 31, 2022 |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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Vesting of restricted shares |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Exercise of vested options, net of issuance costs of $ |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Purchase of common stock under ESPP |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Stock-based compensation expense |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Other comprehensive income |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Net loss |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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( |
) |
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— |
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( |
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Balance at March 31, 2023 |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
) |
$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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Balance at December 31, 2023 |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
) |
$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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$ |
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Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs of $ |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Vesting of restricted shares |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Exercise of vested options, net of issuance costs of $ |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Purchase of common stock under ESPP |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Stock-based compensation expense |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Other comprehensive loss |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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( |
) |
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( |
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Net loss |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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( |
) |
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— |
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( |
) |
Balance at March 31, 2024 |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
) |
$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited, in thousands)
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2024 |
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2023 |
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Operating activities: |
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Net loss |
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$ |
( |
) |
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$ |
( |
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Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
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Depreciation and amortization |
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Equity-based compensation |
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Other non-cash items, net |
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( |
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( |
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Changes in: |
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Accounts receivable |
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Prepaid expenses and other assets |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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Deferred revenue |
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( |
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Operating lease assets and liabilities |
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( |
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( |
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Other liabilities, net |
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( |
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( |
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Net cash provided by operating activities |
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Investing activities: |
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Purchase of property, plant and equipment |
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( |
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( |
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Investment in equity securities |
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( |
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Purchases of marketable securities |
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( |
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( |
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Maturities of marketable securities |
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Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |
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( |
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Financing activities: |
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Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of issuance costs |
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Proceeds from exercise of options and ESPP contributions, net of issuance costs |
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Net cash provided by financing activities |
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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |
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( |
) |
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Increase in cash |
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Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period |
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Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period |
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$ |
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$ |
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Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities |
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Property and equipment purchases in accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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$ |
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$ |
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Equity issuance costs in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other long-term liabilities |
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$ |
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$ |
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As of March 31, |
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Reconciliation to amounts within the condensed consolidated balance sheets |
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2024 |
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2023 |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
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$ |
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Restricted cash |
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Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |
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$ |
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$ |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
CRISPR Therapeutics AG
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company views its operations and manages its business in
The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, which are contained in the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on February 21, 2024.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, the Company’s management evaluates its estimates, which include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, equity-based compensation expense and reported amounts of expenses during the period. Significant estimates in these consolidated financial statements have been made in connection with revenue recognition and equity-based compensation expense. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or other relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results in the period in which they become known.
Significant Accounting Policies
The significant accounting policies used in preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are consistent with those discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 21, 2024.
New Accounting Pronouncements – Recently Adopted
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date. The Company does not believe that the adoption of recently issued standards has or may have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
6
2. Marketable Securities
The following table summarizes cash equivalents and marketable securities held at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands), which are recorded at fair value. The table below excludes $
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Amortized |
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Gross |
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Gross |
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Fair Value |
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March 31, 2024 |
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Cash equivalents: |
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Money market funds |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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Commercial paper |
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( |
) |
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U.S. Treasury securities |
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Total cash equivalents |
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( |
) |
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Marketable securities: |
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U.S. Treasury securities |
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Corporate debt securities |
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( |
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Certificates of deposit |
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Government-sponsored enterprise securities |
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( |
) |
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Commercial paper |
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( |
) |
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Total marketable securities |
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( |
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Total cash equivalents and marketable securities |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
) |
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$ |
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December 31, 2023 |
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Cash equivalents: |
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Money market funds |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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U.S. Treasury securities |
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Total cash equivalents |
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Marketable securities: |
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|
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|
|
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|
||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
||||
Corporate debt securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|||
Certificates of deposit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Government-sponsored enterprise securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|||
Commercial paper |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|||
Total marketable securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|||
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
|
|||
As of March 31, 2024 marketable securities were in a net unrealized loss position of $
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the aggregate fair value of marketable securities that were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months was $
The Company determined that there is no material credit risk associated with the above investments as of March 31, 2024. The Company has the intent and ability to hold such securities until recovery. As a result, the Company did not record any charges for credit-related impairments for its marketable securities for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
7
3. Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the fair value hierarchy classification of such fair values as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
March 31, 2024 |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Total |
|
|
Level 1 |
|
|
Level 2 |
|
|
Level 3 |
|
||||
Cash and cash equivalents: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
||
Money market funds |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
||
Commercial paper |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||
U.S. Treasury securities |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||
Marketable securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||
Corporate debt securities |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||
Certificates of deposit |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||
Government-sponsored enterprise securities |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||
Commercial paper |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||
Total |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
December 31, 2023 |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Total |
|
|
Level 1 |
|
|
Level 2 |
|
|
Level 3 |
|
||||
Cash and cash equivalents: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
||
Money market funds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
||
U.S. Treasury securities |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||
Marketable securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
|
$ |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||
Corporate debt securities |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||
Certificates of deposit |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||
Government-sponsored enterprise securities |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||
Commercial paper |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
||
Total |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|||
Marketable securities classified as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy generally consist of U.S. treasury securities and government agency securities, certificates of deposit, corporate bonds and commercial paper. The Company estimates the fair value of these marketable securities by taking into consideration valuations obtained from third-party pricing sources.
4. Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net, consists of the following (in thousands):
|
|
As of |
|
|||||
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Computer equipment |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Furniture, fixtures and other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Laboratory equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Leasehold improvements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Construction work in process |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total property and equipment, gross |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accumulated depreciation |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
Total property and equipment, net |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
8
Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $
5. Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):
|
|
As of |
|
|||||
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Payroll and employee-related costs |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Research costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Collaboration costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Licensing fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Professional fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Intellectual property costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Accrued property and equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
6. Significant Contracts
Agreements with Vertex
2015 collaboration
In 2015, the Company entered into a strategic collaboration, option and license agreement, or the 2015 Collaboration Agreement, with Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, or Vertex. The 2015 Collaboration Agreement is focused on the use of the Company’s CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to discover and develop potential new treatments aimed at the underlying genetic causes of human disease. The Company and Vertex amended the 2015 Collaboration Agreement in 2017 and 2019 with Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2, respectively, namely to clarify Vertex’s option rights under the 2015 Collaboration Agreement and to modify certain definitions and provisions of the 2015 Collaboration Agreement to make them consistent with the JDA (as defined below) and the 2019 Collaboration Agreement (as defined below). In 2017, Vertex exercised an option granted to it under the 2015 Collaboration Agreement to obtain a co-exclusive license to develop and commercialize hemoglobinopathy and beta-globin targets, and in 2019, Vertex exercised the remaining options granted to it under the 2015 Collaboration Agreement to exclusively license certain collaboration targets developed under the 2015 Collaboration Agreement.
Hemoglobinopathies collaboration
In 2017, following Vertex's exercise of its option to obtain a co-exclusive license to develop and commercialize hemoglobinopathy and beta-globin targets, the Company and Vertex entered into a joint development and commercialization agreement, or the JDA, and agreed for potential hemoglobinopathy treatments, including CASGEVY, the Company and Vertex would share equally all research and development costs and worldwide revenues. In 2021, the Company and Vertex amended and restated the JDA, or the A&R Vertex JDCA (as amended and in effect, from time to time), pursuant to which the parties agreed to, among other things, (a) adjust the governance structure for the collaboration and adjust the responsibilities of each party thereunder, whereby Vertex leads and has all decision making (i.e., control) in relation to the CASGEVY program prospectively; (b) adjust the allocation of net profits and net losses between the parties with respect to CASGEVY only, which will be allocated
9
In connection with the closing of the transaction contemplated by the A&R Vertex JDCA, the Company received a $
DMD and DM1 exclusive license
In 2019, the Company and Vertex entered into a series of agreements, including a strategic collaboration and license agreement, or the 2019 Collaboration Agreement, for the development and commercialization of products for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, or DMD, and myotonic dystrophy Type 1, or DM1. For the DMD and DM1 programs, Vertex is responsible for all research, development, manufacturing and commercialization activities and all related costs. Upon IND filing, the Company has the option to forego the DM1 milestones and royalties, and instead, co-develop and co-commercialize all DM1 products globally in exchange for payment of
Collaboration in the field of diabetes
In 2021, the Company and ViaCyte, Inc., or ViaCyte, entered into a joint development and commercialization agreement, or the ViaCyte JDCA, to jointly develop and commercialize product candidates and shared products for the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of diabetes type 1, diabetes type 2 or insulin dependent / requiring diabetes throughout the world. In the third quarter of 2022, Vertex acquired ViaCyte, and ViaCyte became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vertex. In March 2023, (1) the Company and ViaCyte entered into an amendment to the ViaCyte JDCA, or the ViaCyte JDCA Amendment, and adjusted certain rights and obligations of the Company and ViaCyte under the ViaCyte JDCA, and (2) the Company and Vertex entered into a non-exclusive license agreement, or the Non-Ex License Agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to license to Vertex, on a non-exclusive basis, certain of its gene editing intellectual property to exploit certain products for the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of diabetes type 1, diabetes type 2 or insulin dependent / requiring diabetes throughout the world. Subsequently, ViaCyte elected to opt-out of the ViaCyte JDCA. Per the opt-out terms, the on-going collaboration assets are now wholly owned by the Company, subject to a royalty on future sales owed to ViaCyte. The opt-out became effective in early February 2024.
In connection with entering into the Non-Ex License Agreement, the Company received a $
Accounting Analysis
For purposes of this Note 6, the 2015 Collaboration Agreement, Amendment No. 1, Amendment No. 2, A&R Vertex JDCA, Amendment No. 1 to the A&R Vertex JDCA and 2019 Collaboration Agreement are collectively referred to as the “Vertex Agreements” and the Non-Ex License Agreement and ViaCyte JDCA Amendment are collectively referred to as the “March 2023 Agreements.”
The Vertex Agreements and the March 2023 Agreements include components of a customer-vendor relationship as defined under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606, collaborative arrangements as defined under ASC 808, Collaborative Agreements, or ASC 808, and research and development costs as defined under ASC 730, Research and Development, or ASC 730. Specifically, with regards to the March 2023 Agreements, the Company concluded that the non-exclusive license is a performance obligation under ASC 606 and the ongoing research and development services under the ViaCyte JDCA Amendment are a unit of account under ASC 808.
Accounting Analysis Under ASC 606
March 2023 Agreements
Identification of the Contract
The March 2023 Agreements were negotiated as a package with a single commercial objective and, as such, the March 2023 Agreements were combined for accounting purposes and treated as a single arrangement. The Company determined for accounting purposes that the combined contract terminates the original ViaCyte JDCA and created a new contract.
10
Identification of Performance Obligations
The Company concluded the transfer of the non-exclusive license, including certain modified rights and obligations provided as part of the ViaCyte JDCA Amendment to support the delivery of the license, was both capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract.
Determination of Transaction Price
The initial transaction price was comprised of the upfront payment of $
In the second quarter of 2023, the Company adjusted the transaction price to include $
Allocation of Transaction Price to Performance Obligations
The Company identified one performance obligation for the March 2023 Agreements and, as a result, no allocation of the transaction price was required.
Recognition of Revenue
The Company determined the non-exclusive license, including certain modified rights and obligations provided as part of the ViaCyte JDCA Amendment to support the delivery of the license, represented functional intellectual property, as the intellectual property provides Vertex with the ability to perform a function or task in the form of research and development in the field of diabetes. In 2023, the Company recognized revenue of $
In 2023, revenue from variable consideration of $
Milestones under the Non-Ex License Agreement
As of March 31, 2024, the Company is eligible to receive potential future milestone payments from Vertex of up to $
Each of the remaining milestones under the Non-Ex License Agreement are fully constrained as of March 31, 2024. There is uncertainty as to whether the events to obtain the research and developmental milestones will be achieved given the nature of clinical development and the stage of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The remaining research, development and regulatory milestones will be constrained until it is probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur. Commercial milestones and royalties relate predominantly to a license of intellectual property and are determined by sales or usage-based thresholds. The commercial milestones and royalties are accounted for under the royalty recognition constraint and will be accounted for as constrained variable consideration. The Company applies the royalty recognition constraint for each commercial milestone and will not recognize revenue for each until the subsequent sale of a licensed product (achievement of each) occurs.
Vertex Agreements
Deferred revenue
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was
Milestones
The Company has evaluated the milestones that may be received in connection with the Vertex Agreements.
Under the 2015 Collaboration Agreement and subsequent amendments, the Company is eligible to receive up to $
11
The Company is eligible to receive potential future payments of up to $
The Company has the option to conduct research at their own cost in certain defined areas that, if beneficial to the CASGEVY program and CASGEVY ultimately achieves regulatory approval in such areas, then the Company could be entitled to certain milestone payments aggregating to high eight digits from Vertex.
Each of the remaining milestones described above are fully constrained as of March 31, 2024. There is uncertainty that the events to obtain the research and developmental milestones will be achieved given the nature of clinical development and the stage of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The remaining research, development and regulatory milestones will be constrained until it is probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur. Commercial milestones and royalties relate predominantly to a license of intellectual property and are determined by sales or usage-based thresholds. The commercial milestones and royalties are accounted for under the royalty recognition constraint and will be accounted for as constrained variable consideration. The Company applies the royalty recognition constraint for each commercial milestone and will not recognize revenue for each until the subsequent sale of a licensed product (achievement of each) occurs.
Accounting Analysis under ASC 808
Vertex Agreements
In connection with the Vertex Agreements, the Company identified the following collaborative elements, which are accounted for under ASC 808: (i) development and commercialization services for shared products, including any transition services related to CASGEVY under the A&R Vertex JDCA; (ii) R&D Services for follow-on products; and (iii) committee participation. The related impact of the cost sharing is included within collaboration expense, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $
12
7. Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
Refer to Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 21, 2024 for discussion of the Company’s lease arrangements.
Litigation
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is from time to time involved in lawsuits, investigations, proceedings and threats of litigation related to, among other things, the Company’s intellectual property estate (including certain in-licensed intellectual property), commercial arrangements and other matters. Such proceedings may include quasi-litigation, inter partes administrative proceedings in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the European Patent Office involving the Company’s intellectual property estate including certain in-licensed intellectual property. The outcome of any of the foregoing, regardless of the merits, is inherently uncertain. In addition, litigation and related matters are costly and may divert the attention of Company’s management and other resources that would otherwise be engaged in other activities. If the Company is unable to prevail in any such proceedings, the Company’s business, results of operations, liquidity and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Letters of Credit
As of March 31, 2024, the Company had restricted cash of $
Research, Manufacturing, License and Intellectual Property Agreements
The Company has engaged several research institutions and companies to identify new delivery strategies and applications of the Company’s gene editing technology. The Company is also a party to a number of license agreements which require significant upfront payments and may be required to make future royalty payments and potential milestone payments from time to time. In addition, the Company is also a party to intellectual property agreements, which require maintenance and milestone payments from time to time. Further, the Company is a party to a number of manufacturing agreements that require upfront payments for the future performance of services.
In association with these agreements, on a product-by-product basis, the counterparties are eligible to receive up to low eight-digit potential payments upon specified research, development and regulatory milestones. In addition, on a product-by-product basis, the counterparties are eligible to receive potential commercial milestone payments based on specified annual sales thresholds. The potential payments are low-single digit percentages of the specified annual sales thresholds. The counterparties are also eligible to receive low single-digit royalties on future net sales.
Under certain circumstances and if certain contingent future events occur, Vertex is eligible to receive up to $
Under the A&R Vertex JDCA, the Company has an option to defer specified costs on the CASGEVY program in excess of $
13
8. Share Capital
All of the Company's common shares are authorized under Swiss corporate law with a nominal value of
As of March 31, 2024, the Company's share capital consists of
Common Share Issuances
At-the-Market Offering
In August 2019, the Company entered into an Open Market Sale AgreementSM with Jefferies LLC, or Jefferies, under which the Company was able to offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion through Jefferies, as its sales agent, its common shares, or the August 2019 Sales Agreement.
In January 2021, in connection with the August 2019 Sales Agreement, the Company filed a prospectus supplement with the SEC to offer and sell, from time to time, common shares having aggregate gross proceeds of up to $
As of March 31, 2024, the Company has issued and sold an aggregate of
Registered Direct Offering
In February 2024, the Company entered into an investment agreement for the sale of approximately $
9. Stock-based Compensation
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized the following stock-based compensation expense (in thousands):
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|||||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Research and development |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
General and administrative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
14
Stock option activity
The following table summarizes stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Weighted- |
|
||
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||
Granted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Exercised |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
Cancelled or forfeited |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at March 31, 2024 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||
Exercisable at March 31, 2024 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2024 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||
As of March 31, 2024, total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options was $
Restricted stock activity
The following table summarizes restricted stock activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Weighted- |
|
||
Unvested balance at December 31, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||
Granted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Vested |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
Cancelled or forfeited |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
Unvested balance at March 31, 2024 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||
10. Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Shareholders
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding for the period, including any dilutive effect from outstanding stock options and warrants using the treasury stock method. The Company’s net loss is net loss attributable to common shareholders for all periods presented.
The following common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|||||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Outstanding options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Unvested restricted common shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
ESPP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
15
11. Income Taxes
16
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with (i) our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and (ii) our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on February 21, 2024. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business and impact and potential impacts on our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, including, without limitation, those factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the “Risk Factors” section of subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our actual results or timing of certain events could differ materially from the results or timing described in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements.
Overview
We are a leading gene editing company focused on the development of CRISPR/Cas9-based therapeutics. CRISPR/Cas9 is a revolutionary technology for gene editing, the process of precisely altering specific sequences of genomic DNA. We aim to apply this technology to disrupt, delete, correct and insert genes to treat diseases and to engineer advanced cellular therapies. We have advanced this technology from discovery to an approved medicine with unparalleled speed, culminating in the landmark first approval of a CRISPR-based therapy, CASGEVY (exagamglogene autotemcel [exa-cel]), in 2023 with our collaborators at Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, or Vertex. We believe that the combination of our technology, research and development capabilities, and proven ability to execute may enable us to create an entirely new class of highly effective and potentially curative therapies for patients with both rare and common diseases for whom current biopharmaceutical approaches have had limited success.
We have established a portfolio of therapeutic programs spanning four core franchises: hemoglobinopathies, immuno-oncology, and autoimmune in vivo approaches and Type 1 diabetes. Our most advanced program, CASGEVY, has received approval in the United States and other countries for the treatment of eligible patients with severe sickle cell disease, or SCD, or transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia, or TDT, two genetic disorders of hemoglobin, or hemoglobinopathies, with high unmet medical need. In addition, we have further research efforts on targeted conditioning and in vivo editing of hematopoietic stem cells that have the potential to expand the number of patients that could benefit significantly. We are also progressing multiple next-generation gene-edited cell therapy programs, including allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T cell, or CAR T, candidates for the treatment of hematological and solid tumor cancers and autoimmune diseases. In addition, we are advancing a portfolio of programs leveraging in vivo editing for both common and rare diseases, starting with the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Further, we have multiple parallel efforts using allogeneic, gene-edited, hypoimmune, stem cell-derived beta cells to address type 1 diabetes, or T1D, without the need for chronic immunosuppression.
Hemoglobinopathies
CASGEVY
CASGEVY is a non-viral, ex vivo CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited cell therapy, in which a patient’s own hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are edited at the erythroid specific enhancer region of the BCL11A gene through a precise double-strand break. This edit results in the production of high levels of fetal hemoglobin in red blood cells, which can compensate for the defective adult hemoglobin in patients with SCD and TDT. CASGEVY is the first therapy to emerge from our strategic partnership with Vertex and is being advanced under a joint development and commercialization agreement between us and Vertex and certain of its affiliates.
In 2023, CASGEVY became the first-ever approved CRISPR-based gene-editing therapy in the world. To date, CASGEVY has been approved in the United States, Europe, Great Britain, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain for the treatment of eligible patients 12 years and older with SCD or TDT. Efficacy data presented to date support the profile of this therapy as a potential one-time functional cure for people with severe SCD and TDT.
Additional candidates
Building upon CASGEVY, we have next-generation efforts in targeted conditioning and in vivo editing of hematopoietic stem cells, either of which could broaden the number of patients that could benefit from our hemoglobinopathies product candidates.
17
Immuno-Oncology and Autoimmune
We believe CRISPR/Cas9 has the potential to create the next generation of CAR T cell therapies that may have a superior product profile and allow broader patient access compared to current autologous therapies. We are advancing several cell therapy programs for oncology and/or autoimmune indications, including two next-generation allogeneic CAR T programs, CTX112 targeting CD19 and CTX131 targeting CD70. These product candidates incorporate two novel gene edits—knock-out of Regnase-1 and knock-out of transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 2, or TGFBR2—designed to enhance CAR T potency and reduce CAR T exhaustion. Emerging pharmacology data, including pharmacokinetics, from ongoing clinical trials of CTX112 and CTX131, indicate that the novel potency gene edits lead to significantly higher CAR T cell expansion and functional persistence in patients compared to our first-generation candidates that did not incorporate these edits. In addition, the next-generation candidates exhibit increased manufacturing robustness, with a higher and more consistent number of CAR T cells produced per batch. We are producing CTX112 and CTX131 for clinical trials at our internal GMP manufacturing facility.
CD19 Candidates
CTX112 is being investigated in an ongoing clinical trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of the candidate in adult patients with relapsed or refractory CD19-positive B-cell malignancies who have received at least two prior lines of therapy. In addition, we plan to initiate a clinical trial of CTX112 in systemic lupus erythematosus in the first half of 2024, with the potential to expand into additional autoimmune indications in the future. Early clinical studies conducted by third parties have shown that CD19-directed autologous CAR T therapy can produce long-lasting remissions in multiple autoimmune indications by deeply depleting B cells. Our first generation allogeneic CD19-directed CAR T program has demonstrated effective depletion of B cells in oncology settings, which supports the potential for CTX112 in autoimmune diseases.
CD70 Candidates
CTX131 is being investigated in an ongoing clinical trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of the candidate in adult patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors. In addition, we plan to initiate a clinical trial of CTX131 in hematologic malignancies in the first half of 2024.
Additional candidates
Our CRISPR/Cas9 platform enables us to innovate continuously by incorporating incremental edits into next-generation products. We are advancing several additional investigational CAR T product candidates.
In Vivo
Our in vivo gene editing strategy focuses on gene disruption and whole gene correction – the two technologies required to address the vast majority of the most prevalent severe monogenic diseases as well as many common diseases. We have established a leading platform for in vivo gene editing and are rapidly advancing a broad portfolio of in vivo programs. Our first in vivo programs target the liver, taking advantage of validated lipid nanoparticle delivery technologies, and aim to treat diseases where we can produce a strong therapeutic effect by safely disrupting a gene with well-understood genetic association. For example, our first two in vivo programs, CTX310 and CTX320, aim to address cardiovascular disease by disrupting the validated targets angiopoietin-like protein 3 and lipoprotein (a), respectively. Phase 1 clinical trials for both CTX310 and CTX320 are ongoing. Building upon CTX310 and CTX320, we have a number of earlier stage investigational in vivo programs leveraging gene disruption in the liver for both rare and common diseases. In addition, we have programs focused on gene correction in the liver, including programs leveraging technologies developed by our CRISPR-X research team. Finally, we are pursuing additional delivery technologies, including further advancements to nanoparticle technology and adeno-associated virus, or AAV, vectors, for delivery to tissues beyond the liver, including hematopoietic stem cells.
Type 1 Diabetes
We are advancing a series of programs focused on the development of gene-edited stem cell-derived therapies for the treatment of T1D. We believe our gene editing capabilities have the potential to enable a beta-cell replacement product candidate that may deliver durable benefit to patients without the need for long-term immunosuppression. We have three parallel efforts to achieve this goal. First, our most advanced product candidate, CTX211, is an allogeneic, gene-edited, hypoimmune, stem cell derived product candidate in a device that is implanted into patients and intended to produce insulin in a glucose-dependent manner. This program, formerly known as VCTX211, originated from our collaboration with ViaCyte, Inc., or ViaCyte, a subsidiary of Vertex, and was developed by applying our gene editing technology to ViaCyte’s proprietary stem cell capabilities. CTX211 is being investigated in an ongoing Phase 1/2 clinical trial designed to assess the safety, tolerability and efficacy of CTX211 in adult patients with T1D. Second, we have research efforts focused on a deviceless beta cell replacement approach consisting of unencapsulated beta cells derived from edited stem cells. Third, we have granted a non-exclusive license to certain of our CRISPR/Cas9 intellectual property to Vertex to
18
accelerate Vertex’s development of hypoimmune cell therapies for T1D, for which we received $170 million in upfront and milestone payments in 2023 and remain eligible to receive additional research and development milestones and royalties on future products.
CRISPR-X
While we have made significant progress with our current portfolio of programs, we recognize that we need to continue to innovate to unlock the full power of gene editing and bring potentially transformative therapies to even more patients. We have a dedicated early-stage research team called CRISPR-X that focuses on innovating next-generation editing modalities. CRISPR-X is developing technologies to enable whole gene correction and insertion without requiring homology-directed repair or viral delivery of DNA, such as all-RNA gene correction, non-viral delivery of DNA and novel gene insertion techniques.
Partnerships
Given the numerous potential therapeutic applications for CRISPR/Cas9, we have partnered strategically to broaden the indications we can pursue and accelerate development of programs by accessing specific technologies and/or disease-area expertise. We maintain broad partnerships to develop gene editing-based therapeutics in specific disease areas.
Vertex. We established our initial collaboration agreement in 2015 with Vertex, which focused on TDT, SCD, cystic fibrosis and select additional indications. In December 2017, we entered into a joint development and commercialization agreement with Vertex pursuant to which, among other things, we are co-developing and co-commercializing CASGEVY for TDT and SCD. In April 2021, we and Vertex amended and restated our existing joint development and commercialization agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, we will continue to develop and commercialize CASGEVY for TDT and SCD in partnership with Vertex. We also entered into a strategic collaboration and license agreement with Vertex in June 2019 for the development and commercialization of products for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, or DMD, and myotonic dystrophy type 1, or DM1 and, in March 2023, we entered into a non-exclusive license agreement with Vertex for Vertex to utilize our gene editing technology in diabetes.
ViaCyte. We entered into a research and collaboration agreement in September 2018 with ViaCyte to pursue the discovery, development and commercialization of gene-edited allogeneic stem cell therapies for the treatment of diabetes, and in July 2021, we entered into a joint development and commercialization agreement with ViaCyte, or the ViaCyte JDCA. In connection with entering into the ViaCyte JDCA, our existing research collaboration agreement with ViaCyte expired in accordance with its terms. In the third quarter of 2022, Vertex announced it had acquired ViaCyte and the rights to the ViaCyte Collaboration Field, and in March 2023, we entered into an amendment to the ViaCyte JDCA pursuant to which, among other things, we adjusted certain rights and obligations of the parties thereunder. In December 2023, ViaCyte elected to opt-out of the collaboration with us for the co-development and co-commercialization of gene-edited stem cell therapies for the treatment of diabetes. Per the opt-out terms, once the opt-out is complete, the on-going collaboration assets will be wholly owned by us, subject to a royalty on future sales owed to ViaCyte. The opt-out became effective in early February 2024. The ViaCyte collaboration assets include CTX211 (formerly VCTX211), an allogeneic, gene-edited, hypoimmune, stem cell derived product candidate in a device that is implanted into patients and intended to produce insulin in a glucose-dependent manner. We are continuing to advance a Phase 1 clinical trial for CTX211 for the treatment of T1D.
Bayer. We entered into an option agreement in the fourth quarter of 2019 with Bayer pursuant to which Bayer has an option to co-develop and co-commercialize two products that we advance for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of certain autoimmune disorders, eye disorders, or hemophilia A disorders for a specified period of time, or, under certain circumstances, exclusively license such optioned products.
Other Partnerships. We have entered into a number of additional collaborations and license agreements to support and complement our hematopoietic stem cell, immuno-oncology, regenerative medicine and in vivo programs and platform, including agreements with: Nkarta, Inc. to co-develop and co-commercialize two donor-derived, gene-edited CAR-NK cell product candidates and a product candidate combining NK and T cells; Capsida Biotherapeutics, Inc. to develop in vivo gene editing therapies delivered with engineered AAV vectors for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Friedreich’s ataxia; Moffitt Cancer Center and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center to advance autologous CAR T programs against new targets; MaxCyte, Inc. on ex vivo delivery for our hemoglobinopathy and immuno-oncology programs; CureVac AG on optimized mRNA constructs and manufacturing for certain in vivo programs; and KSQ Therapeutics, Inc. on intellectual property for our allogeneic immuno-oncology programs.
Financial Overview
Since our inception in October 2013, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to our research and development efforts, identifying potential product candidates, undertaking drug discovery and preclinical development activities, building and protecting our intellectual property estate, organizing and staffing our company, business planning, raising capital and providing general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have primarily financed our operations through private placements of our preferred shares, common share issuances, convertible loans and license and collaboration agreements with strategic partners.
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While we were in a net income position in certain previous years due to certain payments associated with our collaborations with Vertex, we have a history of recurring losses and expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. We anticipate that our expenses will increase significantly as we continue our current research programs and development activities; seek to identify additional research programs and additional product candidates; conduct initial drug application supporting preclinical studies and initiate clinical trials for our product candidates; initiate preclinical testing and clinical trials for any other product candidates we identify and develop; seek regulatory approval for our product candidates; maintain, defend, protect and expand our intellectual property estate; further develop our gene editing platform; hire additional research, clinical and scientific personnel; incur facilities costs associated with such personnel growth; develop manufacturing infrastructure and conduct related regulatory validation activities; and incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company.
Revenue Recognition
We have not generated any revenue to date from product sales and do not expect to do so in the near future. Revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was not material. Revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $100.0 million related to our receipt of an upfront payment from Vertex in connection with entering into agreements with Vertex and ViaCyte relating to the research, development, manufacture and commercialization of therapeutic products in the diabetes field. For additional information about our revenue recognition policy, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 21, 2024, as well as Note 6 of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for our research activities, including our product discovery efforts and the development of our product candidates, which include:
Our external research and development expenses support our various preclinical and clinical programs, and, as such, we do not break down external research and development expenses further. Our internal research and development expenses consist of payroll and benefits expenses, facilities expense, and other indirect research and development expenses incurred in support of overall research and development activities and, as such, are not allocated to a specific development stage or therapeutic area. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Nonrefundable advance payments for research and development goods or services to be received in the future are deferred and capitalized. The capitalized amounts are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing or estimated costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the development of any product candidates we may identify and develop. This is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing such product candidates, including the uncertainty of:
20
A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of any product candidates or the subsequent commercialization of any product candidates we may successfully develop could significantly change the costs, timing and viability associated with the development of that product candidate.
Research and development activities are central to our business model. We expect to continue to incur research and development costs consistent with research and development at companies of our size and stage of development, which may increase in the foreseeable future as our current development programs progress, new programs are added and we continue to prepare regulatory filings. These increases will likely include the costs related to the implementation and expansion of clinical trial sites and related patient enrollment, monitoring, program management and manufacturing expenses for current and future clinical trials.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee related expenses, including salaries, benefits and equity-based compensation, for personnel in executive, finance, accounting, business development, human resources and other general and administrative functions. Other significant costs include facility costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses, legal fees relating to patent and corporate matters and fees for accounting and consulting services.
We expect to continue to incur general and administrative expenses consistent with general and administrative functions at research and development companies of our size and stage of development, which may increase in the future to support continued research and development activities, and potential commercialization of our product candidates. In addition, we anticipate ongoing expenses related to the reimbursements of third-party patent related expenses in connection with certain of our in-licensed intellectual property.
Collaboration Expense, Net
Collaboration expense, net, consists of operating expense related to the CASGEVY program under our collaboration with Vertex. Under the A&R Vertex JDCA, we have an option to defer our portion of specified costs on the CASGEVY program in excess of $110.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024. Any deferred amounts are only payable to Vertex as an offset against future profitability of the CASGEVY program and the amounts payable are capped at a specified maximum amount per year.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest income earned on investments.
Results of Operations
Comparison of three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
Period to Period |
|
||||||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
Change |
|
|||
Revenue: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Collaboration revenue |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
100,000 |
|
|
$ |
(100,000 |
) |
Grant revenue |
|
|
504 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
504 |
|
Total revenue |
|
|
504 |
|
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
|
(99,496 |
) |
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Research and development |
|
|
76,172 |
|
|
|
99,935 |
|
|
|
(23,763 |
) |
General and administrative |
|
|
17,953 |
|
|
|
22,360 |
|
|
|
(4,407 |
) |
Collaboration expense, net |
|
|
46,966 |
|
|
|
42,192 |
|
|
|
4,774 |
|
Total operating expenses |
|
|
141,091 |
|
|
|
164,487 |
|
|
|
(23,396 |
) |
Loss from operations |
|
|
(140,587 |
) |
|
|
(64,487 |
) |
|
|
(76,100 |
) |
Other income, net |
|
|
24,720 |
|
|
|
12,742 |
|
|
|
11,978 |
|
Loss before income taxes |
|
|
(115,867 |
) |
|
|
(51,745 |
) |
|
|
(64,122 |
) |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |
|
|
(724 |
) |
|
|
(1,320 |
) |
|
|
596 |
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(116,591 |
) |
|
$ |
(53,065 |
) |
|
$ |
(63,526 |
) |
Collaboration Revenue
There was no collaboration revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Collaboration revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $100.0 million due to an upfront payment from Vertex. Please refer to Note 6 of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.
21
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses were $76.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $99.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, together with the changes in those items in dollars (in thousands):
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
Period to Period |
|
||||||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
Change |
|
|||
External research and development expenses |
|
$ |
18,669 |
|
|
$ |
34,493 |
|
|
$ |
(15,824 |
) |
Employee related expenses |
|
|
20,991 |
|
|
|
22,558 |
|
|
|
(1,567 |
) |
Facility expenses |
|
|
22,769 |
|
|
|
28,400 |
|
|
|
(5,631 |
) |
Stock-based compensation expenses |
|
|
11,182 |
|
|
|
11,676 |
|
|
|
(494 |
) |
Other expenses |
|
|
369 |
|
|
|
693 |
|
|
|
(324 |
) |
Sublicense and license fees |
|
|
2,192 |
|
|
|
2,115 |
|
|
|
77 |
|
Total research and development expenses |
|
$ |
76,172 |
|
|
$ |
99,935 |
|
|
$ |
(23,763 |
) |
The decrease of approximately $23.8 million was primarily attributable to the following:
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses were $18.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to general and administrative expenses of $22.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in general and administrative expenses of approximately $4.4 million was primarily attributable to the following:
Collaboration Expense, Net
Collaboration expense, net, was $47.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $42.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase of approximately $4.8 million in collaboration expense, net, was primarily attributable to commercial and manufacturing costs.
Other Income, Net
Other income was $24.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $12.7 million of income for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase of approximately $12.0 million was primarily due to interest income earned on cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have predominantly incurred losses and cumulative negative cash flows from operations since our inception. As of March 31, 2024, we had $2,108.1 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, of which approximately $1.8 million was held outside of the United States, and an accumulated deficit of $1,116.3 million. We anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for at least the next several years. We expect to continue to incur research and development costs and general and administrative expenses consistent with costs associated with research and development at companies of our size and stage of development, and, as a result, we will need additional capital to fund our operations, which we may raise through public or private equity or debt financings, strategic collaborations, or other sources.
In August 2019, we entered into the August 2019 Sales Agreement with Jefferies and filed our current prospectus supplement for $419.8 million in July 2021. As of March 31, 2024, we have issued and sold an aggregate of 1.5 million common shares under the current prospectus supplement at an average price of $139.28 per share for aggregate proceeds of $212.4 million, which were net of equity issuance costs of $2.9 million.
22
In February 2024, the Company entered into an investment agreement for the sale of approximately $280.0 million of its common shares to a group of institutional investors in a registered direct offering, at a price per share of $71.50. The Company received net proceeds of $279.0 million, excluding stamp taxes due of $2.8 million.
Funding Requirements
Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, research and development activities, manufacturing activities, compensation and related expenses, laboratory and related supplies, legal and other regulatory expenses, patent prosecution, filing, defense and intellectual property maintenance costs, and general overhead costs, including costs associated with operating as a public company. We expect to continue to incur operating expenses consistent with costs associated with research and development at companies of our size and stage of development, which may increase in the future to support continued research and development activities and potential commercialization of our product candidates.
Because most of our programs are still in early stages of development and the outcome of these efforts is uncertain, we cannot estimate the actual amounts necessary to successfully complete the development, manufacture and commercialization of any current or future product candidates, if approved, or whether, or when, we may achieve profitability. Until such time as we can generate substantial product revenues, if ever, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity financings, debt financings and payments received in connection with our collaboration agreements. We intend to consider opportunities to raise additional funds through the sale of equity or debt securities when market conditions are favorable to us to do so. However, the trading prices for our common shares and other biopharmaceutical companies have been highly volatile. As a result, we may face difficulties raising capital through sales of our common shares or such sales may be on unfavorable terms. In addition, a recession, depression or other sustained adverse market event, including resulting from the continued spread of the coronavirus or the recent failure of certain banks and financial institutions in the United States and globally, could materially and adversely affect our business and the value of our common shares. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the future sale of equity or debt securities, the ownership interests of our shareholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our existing shareholders. If we raise additional funds through collaboration arrangements in the future, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.
Outlook
Based on our research and development plans and our timing expectations related to the progress of our programs, we expect our existing cash will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditures for at least the next 24 months without giving effect to any additional proceeds we may receive under our collaboration with Vertex and any other capital raising transactions we may complete. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our capital resources sooner than we expect. Given our need for additional financing to support the long-term clinical development of our programs, we intend to consider additional financing opportunities when market terms are favorable to us.
Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability depends significantly on our success in many areas, including: developing our delivery technologies and our gene editing technology platform; selecting appropriate product candidates to develop; completing research and preclinical and clinical development of selected product candidates; obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing authorizations for product candidates for which we complete clinical trials; developing a sustainable and scalable manufacturing process for product candidates; launching and commercializing product candidates for which we obtain regulatory approvals and marketing authorizations, either directly or with a collaborator or distributor; obtaining market acceptance of our product candidates, if approved; addressing any competing technological and market developments; negotiating favorable terms in any collaboration, licensing or other arrangements into which we may enter; maintaining good relationships with our collaborators and licensors; maintaining, defending, protecting and expanding our estate of intellectual property rights, including patents, trade secrets and know-how; and attracting, hiring and retaining qualified personnel.
23
Cash Flows
The following table provides information regarding our cash flows for each of the periods below (in thousands):
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
Period to Period |
|
||||||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
|
Change |
|
|||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
|
$ |
109,752 |
|
|
$ |
8,799 |
|
|
$ |
100,953 |
|
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |
|
|
(97,800 |
) |
|
|
117,829 |
|
|
|
(215,629 |
) |
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
|
305,934 |
|
|
|
5,404 |
|
|
|
300,530 |
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
(43 |
) |
Net increase in cash |
|
$ |
317,875 |
|
|
$ |
132,064 |
|
|
$ |
185,811 |
|
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $109.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to cash provided by in operating activities of $8.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities of approximately $101.0 million was primarily driven by an increase in net changes of operating assets and liabilities by $173.6 million, while non-cash expense decreased by $9.1 million. Additionally, the increase was offset by an increase in our net loss position of $63.5 million, from a net loss of $53.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to a net loss of $116.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 driven by revenue recognized in the connection with an upfront payment from Vertex in the first quarter of 2023 that did not recur in the first quarter of 2024.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $97.8 million, compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $117.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The change from a net cash used in investing activities to a net cash provided by investing activities was primarily driven by a net increase in purchases of our marketable securities, offset by a reduction of property and equipment purchases.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $305.9 million, compared with $5.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of proceeds from the sale of approximately $280.0 million of its common shares to a group of institutional investors in a registered direct offering, at a price per share of $71.50. The Company received net proceeds of $279.0 million, excluding stamp taxes due of $2.8 million. Additionally, net cash provided by financing activities consisted of option exercise proceeds, net of issuance costs.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates
This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We believe that several accounting policies are important to understanding our historical and future performance. We refer to these policies as critical because these specific areas generally require us to make judgments and estimates about matters that are uncertain at the time we make the estimate, and different estimates—which also would have been reasonable—could have been used. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those described in greater detail below. We base our estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We believe that our most critical accounting policies are those relating to revenue recognition and equity-based compensation, and there have been no changes to our accounting policies discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 21, 2024.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 1 of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.
24
Item 3. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest Rate Sensitivity
We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. As of March 31, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $2,108.1 million, primarily invested in U.S. treasury securities and government agency securities, corporate bonds, commercial paper and money market accounts invested in U.S. government agency securities. Due to the conservative nature of these instruments, we do not believe that we have a material exposure to interest rate risk. If interest rates were to increase or decrease by 1%, the fair value of our investment portfolio would increase or decrease by an immaterial amount.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
As a result of our foreign operations, we face exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily the Swiss Franc and British Pound, against the U.S. dollar. The current exposures arise primarily from cash, accounts payable and intercompany receivables and payables. Changes in foreign exchange rates affect our consolidated statement of operations and distort comparisons between periods. To date, foreign currency transaction gains and losses have not been material to our financial statements, and we have not engaged in any foreign currency hedging transactions.
Inflation
Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor, clinical trial and manufacturing costs. We do not believe that inflation had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Management’s Evaluation of our Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of March 31, 2024, our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934). Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded based upon the evaluation described above that, as of March 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
25
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
In the ordinary course of business, we are from time to time involved in lawsuits, investigations, proceedings and threats of litigation related to, among other things, our intellectual property estate (including certain in-licensed intellectual property), commercial arrangements and other matters. Such proceedings may include quasi-litigation, inter partes administrative proceedings in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the European Patent Office involving our intellectual property estate including certain in-licensed intellectual property. There are currently no claims or actions pending against us that, in the opinion of our management, are likely to have a material adverse effect on our business.
There have been no material developments with respect to the legal proceedings previously disclosed in “Item 3. Legal Proceedings” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 21, 2024.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
In addition to the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, you should carefully consider the other information set forth in this Form 10-Q and the information in our other filings with the SEC, as they could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results of operations. There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
From time to time, our officers (as defined in Rule 16a–1(f)) and directors may enter into Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as each such term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K). During the three months ended March 31, 2024, our officers and directors took the following actions with respect to 10b5-1 trading arrangements:
On
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Item 6. Exhibits
The exhibits filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are set forth in the Exhibit Index below.
Exhibit Number |
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Description of Document |
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31.1* |
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Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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31.2* |
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Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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32.1*+ |
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101.INS* |
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Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document. |
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101.SCH* |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
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101.CAL* |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
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101.DEF* |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
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101.LAB* |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
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101.PRE* |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
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104* |
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Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101) |
* Filed herewith.
+ The certification attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of CRISPR Therapeutics AG under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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CRISPR Therapeutics AG |
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Dated: May 8, 2024 |
By: |
/s/ Samarth Kulkarni |
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Samarth Kulkarni |
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Chief Executive Officer |
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(Principal Executive Officer) |
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Dated: May 8, 2024 |
By: |
/s/ Raju Prasad |
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Raju Prasad |
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Chief Financial Officer |
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(Principal Financial Officer) |
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