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Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jan. 26, 2020

We categorize financial assets and liabilities based on the following fair value hierarchy:

•Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability through corroboration with observable market data.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs, which are valued based on our estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. When available, we use unadjusted quoted market prices to measure the fair value and classify such items as Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, we base fair value upon internally developed models that use current market-based or independently sourced market parameters such as interest rates and currency rates. Included in the fair value of derivative instruments is an adjustment for credit and nonperformance risk.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of January 26, 2020, and July 28, 2019, consistent with the fair value hierarchy:


	Fair Value as of January 26, 2020		Fair Value Measurements at January 26, 2020 Using Fair Value Hierarchy										Fair Value as of July 28, 2019		Fair Value Measurements at July 28, 2019 Using Fair Value Hierarchy
					Level 1		Level 2		Level 3						Level 1		Level 2	Level 3
Assets


Foreign exchange forward contracts⁽¹⁾	$	1	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1	$	—
Commodity derivative contracts⁽²⁾	8		5		—		3		3		2		1		—

Deferred compensation derivative contracts⁽³⁾	1		—		1		—		1		—		1		—
Deferred compensation investments⁽⁴⁾	3		3		—		—		4		4		—		—
Fair value option investments⁽⁵⁾	73		—		—		73		76		—		—		76
Total assets at fair value	$	86	$	8	$	2	$	76	$	85	$	6	$	3	$	76


	Fair Value as of January 26, 2020		Fair Value Measurements at January 26, 2020 Using Fair Value Hierarchy														Fair Value as of July 28, 2019		Fair Value Measurements at July 28, 2019 Using Fair Value Hierarchy
					Level 1			Level 2			Level 3					Level 1			Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities

Foreign exchange forward contracts⁽¹⁾	$	1	$	—		$	1		$	—		$	4	$	—		$	4	$	—
Commodity derivative contracts⁽²⁾	5		2			3			—			6		3			3		—


Deferred compensation obligation⁽⁴⁾	107		107			—			—			95		95			—		—
Total liabilities at fair value	$	113	$	109		$	4		$	—		$	105	$	98		$	7	$	—

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⁽¹⁾Based on observable market transactions of spot currency rates and forward rates.

⁽²⁾Level 1 and 2 are based on quoted futures exchanges and on observable prices of futures and options transactions in the marketplace. Level 3 is based on unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires management’s own assumptions within an internally developed model.

⁽³⁾Based on LIBOR and equity index swap rates.

⁽⁴⁾Based on the fair value of the participants’ investments.

⁽⁵⁾Primarily represents investments in equity securities that are not readily marketable and are accounted for under the fair value option. The investments were funded by Acre. See Note 14 for additional information. Fair value is based on analyzing recent transactions and transactions of comparable companies, and the discounted cash flow method. In addition, allocation methods, including the option pricing method, are used in distributing fair value among various equity holders according to rights and preferences.

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of Level 3 assets for the six-month periods ended January 26, 2020, and January 27, 2019:


	Six Months Ended
	January 26, 2020		January 27, 2019
Fair value at beginning of year	$	76	$	77
Gains (losses)	—		(7)

Fair value at end of quarter	$	76	$	70

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value.

Cash equivalents of continuing operations were $8 at January 26, 2020. Cash equivalents of discontinued operations were $19 at July 28, 2019. Cash equivalents represent fair value as these highly liquid investments have an original maturity of three months or less. Fair value of cash equivalents is based on Level 2 inputs.

The fair value of short- and long-term debt of continuing operations was $6,204 at January 26, 2020, and $8,642 at July 28, 2019. The carrying value was $5,821 at January 26, 2020, and $8,474 at July 28, 2019. The fair value and carrying value of short- and long-term debt of discontinued operations was $238 at July 28, 2019. The fair value of long-term debt is principally estimated using Level 2 inputs based on quoted market prices or pricing models using current market rates.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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