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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (Policies)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Accounting Unaudited Interim ResultsThe accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and information have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year due to the seasonality of our business which has been historically impacted by higher consumer spending during the fourth quarter. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included on our Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Annual Report") for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
Use of Estimates Use of EstimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include revenue recognition, internal-use software development costs, income taxes, stock-based compensation, derivative instruments, income tax valuation allowance, contingencies and changes in fair value of our convertible promissory notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and also on assumptions that we believe are reasonable. Changes in facts or circumstances may cause us to change our assumptions and estimates in future periods and it is possible that actual results could differ from our current or revised future estimates.
Consumer Incentives Consumer Incentives
Our Cardlytics Direct solution is our proprietary native bank advertising channel that enables marketers to reach consumers via their trusted and frequently visited online and mobile banking channels as well as email. Working with the marketer, we design a campaign that targets customers based on their purchase history. The consumer is offered an incentive to make a purchase from the marketer within a specified period. We use a portion of the fees that we collect from marketers to provide these consumer incentives to our FIs’ customers after they make qualifying purchases, which we refer to as Consumer Incentives.
We report our revenue on our condensed consolidated statements of operations net of Consumer Incentives. We generally pay Consumer Incentives only with respect to our Cardlytics Direct service. We do not provide the goods or services that are purchased by our FIs’ customers from the marketers to which the Consumer Incentives relate. Accordingly, the marketer is deemed to be the principal in the relationship with the customer and, therefore, the Consumer Incentive is deemed to be a reduction in the purchase price paid by the customer for the marketer’s goods or services. While we are responsible for remitting Consumer Incentives to our FI partners for further payment to their customers, we function solely as an agent of marketers in these arrangements.
Accounts receivable is recorded at the amount of gross billings to marketers, net of allowances, for the fees and Consumer Incentives that we are responsible to collect. Our accrued liabilities also include the amount of Consumer Incentives due to FI partners. As a result, accounts receivable and accrued liabilities may appear large in relation to revenue, which is reported on a net basis.
Concentration of Risk Concentrations of Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Our cash and cash equivalents are held with three financial institutions, which we believe are of high credit quality. We believe that our accounts receivable credit risk exposure is limited as a result of being diversified among a large number of marketers segregated by both geography and industry. Historically, we have not experienced significant write-downs of our accounts receivable. No marketer represented a significant concentration of our accounts receivable as of December 31, 2017 or September 30, 2018. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018, a marketer in the U.S. accounted for 7% and 10% of our revenue, respectively. No other marketer accounted for over 10% of revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018.
Our business is substantially dependent on a limited number of FI partners. We require participation from our FI partners in Cardlytics Direct and access to their purchase data in order to offer our solutions to marketers and their agencies. We must have FI partners with a sufficient number of customers and levels of customer engagement to ensure that we have robust purchase data and marketing space to support a broad array of incentive programs for marketers. Our agreements with a substantial majority of our FI partners have terms of three to five years but are generally terminable by the FI partner on 90 days or less prior notice. If an FI partner terminates its agreement with us, we would lose that FI as a source of purchase data and online banking customers.
Deferred Offering Costs Deferred Offering CostsDeferred offering costs consist of incremental costs directly attributable to equity offerings. Deferred offering costs are included in other long-term assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Upon completion of an offering, these amounts are offset against the proceeds of the offering.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair Value of Financial Instruments
When required by U.S. GAAP, assets and liabilities are reported at fair value on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Valuation inputs are arranged in a hierarchy that consists of the following levels:
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Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
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Level 2 inputs are inputs other than Level 1 inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
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Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
Our nonfinancial assets that we recognize or disclose at fair value on our condensed consolidated financial statements on a nonrecurring basis include property and equipment, intangible assets, capitalized software development costs and deferred FI implementation costs. The fair values for these assets are evaluated when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable.
Preferred Stock Warrants
Outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock are accounted for as derivative liabilities in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) due to the terms of the warrants and related agreements. We have determined that these warrants do not meet the scope exception of a contract indexed to our stock because of fair value protections contained in agreements governing our redeemable convertible preferred stock. We record preferred stock warrant liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets at their fair value. We record the changes in fair value of such instruments as non-cash gains or losses on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Upon our IPO, all warrants to purchase shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock were converted to warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. See Note 6—Fair Value Measurements, for additional information regarding the valuation of warrants to purchase shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock.
Common Stock Warrants Issued in Connection with the Series G Stock Financing
In connection with the Series G Stock financing, we issued warrants to purchase shares of our common stock that are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity due to the terms of the warrants and related agreements. We record these common stock warrant liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets at their fair value. We record the changes in fair value of such instruments as non-cash gains or losses in our statements of operations. In August 2018 we issued warrants to purchase 792,434 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.0004 per share to the cash investors of our Series G financing, pursuant to our Series G stock purchase agreement. The warrants had a valuation of $15.3 million upon issuance and were subsequently exercised, resulting in the issuance of 792,434 shares of our common stock. See Note 6—Fair Value Measurements, for additional information regarding the valuation of the warrants issued in connection with the Series G Stock financing.
Convertible Promissory Notes
The redemption features included in the terms of the convertible promissory notes were determined to be derivative liabilities as a result of a significant discount within the redemption features for the note holders. Embedded derivatives that are not clearly and closely related to the host contract are required to be bifurcated and recorded at fair value unless the fair value option is elected on the host contract. Under the fair value option, bifurcation of the embedded derivative is not necessary as all related gains (losses) on the host contract and derivative will be reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. We elected the fair value option for the convertible promissory notes upon their issuance. The convertible promissory notes are measured using unobservable inputs that required a high level of judgment to determine fair value, and are therefore classified as Level 3. See Note 6—Fair Value Measurements for additional information regarding the valuation of the convertible promissory notes.
Income Taxes Income Taxes
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. This change in tax rate resulted in a reduction in our net U.S. deferred tax assets, which was fully offset by a reduction in our valuation allowance. The other provisions of the Tax Act, including the one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings, did not have a material impact on our financial statements as of December 31, 2017.
As of December 31, 2017, pursuant to guidance provided in Staff Account Bulletin No. 118, we had not completed our accounting for the effects of the Tax Act; however, we made a reasonable estimate of the effects on our existing deferred tax balances and the one-time transition tax, including a provisional reduction in U.S. deferred tax assets, which was fully offset by a reduction in our valuation allowance.  We have completed our accounting for the Tax Act and no changes were made to the provisional adjustments recorded as of December 31, 2017.
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Scope of Modification Accounting, which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements, provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. For all entities, the ASU is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 and it did not have an impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-09 supersedes the recognition guidance in ASC Topic 605 and most industry specific revenue guidance and requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, this ASU requires disclosures of the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. This ASU supersedes most existing GAAP revenue recognition principles, and it permits the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. For public entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. For non-public entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We have made the election to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 ("JOBS Act"), therefore we will be required to apply this ASU for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Retrospective application will be required for each period presented through either the recasting of the prior periods for the effects of the adoption of this ASU or retrospectively through a cumulative catch up recognized at the date of adoption. During the first quarter of 2018, we began assessing the impacts, if any, that this ASU may have on our results of operations, current accounting policies, processes, controls, systems and financial statement disclosures. Based on our initial assessment, we expect to adopt this new standard using the modified retrospective transition method, which would result in a cumulative adjustment as of the date of the adoption. We also expect to continue to report our revenue on our condensed consolidated statements of operations net of Consumer Incentives and gross of FI Share. We are continuing to assess the impact of this standard on our financial position, results of operations and related disclosures and have not yet determined whether the effect will be material.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which is intended to enhance the reporting model for financial instruments to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information. This ASU requires equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair values recognized in net earnings, (public entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes), simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment and eliminates the requirement to disclose fair values, the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost. This ASU also clarifies that management should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale debt securities in combination with other deferred tax assets. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. For non-public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We have made the election to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act, therefore we will be required to apply this ASU for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of this recently issued guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which supersedes ASC Topic 840, Leases. The ASU does not significantly change the lessees’ recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses and cash flows from the previous accounting standard. The ASU’s primary change is the requirement for lessee entities to recognize a lease liability for payments and a right of use asset representing the right to use the leased asset during the term on operating lease arrangements. Lessees are permitted to make an accounting policy election to not recognize the asset and liability for leases with a term of twelve months or less. Lessors’ accounting under the ASU is largely unchanged from the previous accounting standard. In addition, the ASU expands the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) - Targeted Improvements, which provides the option of applying the requirements of the new lease standard in the period of adoption with no restatement to comparative periods. For public entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For non-public entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We have made the election to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act, therefore we will be required to adopt this ASU for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Although we are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements, we expect that most of our operating lease commitments will be recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption of the new guidance.
In August 2018, the SEC issued Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, that extends to interim periods the annual disclosure requirement in SEC Regulation S-X, Rule 3-04 of presenting changes in stockholders’ equity. An analysis of changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit) will now be required for the current and comparative quarter-to-date and year-to-date interim periods. In response to this ruling, we have presented consolidated statements of stockholders' equity (deficit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018.