Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-255724 on Form S-3 and Registration Statement Nos. 333-252151, 333-237732, and 333-263394 on Form S-8 of our report dated March 3, 2023, relating to the financial statements of Keros Therapeutics, Inc. appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

March 3, 2023