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Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Compensation Related Costs [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The following table summarizes the components of stock-based compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20222021
Cost of revenue$3,860 $2,999 
Research and development7,082 4,908 
Sales and marketing4,775 4,085 
General and administrative10,591 5,218 
$26,308 $17,210 
Stock Option and Stock Award Activity
The following table summarizes the stock option activity under our stock plans during the reporting period:
 Outstanding Options
 Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
   (in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 202110,737,295 $21.23 5.2$60,304 
Exercised(149,662)
Cancelled(188,289)
Balances at March 31, 202210,399,344 21.31 5.067,413 
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 202210,322,713 21.40 5.066,271 
Exercisable at March 31, 20228,841,572 23.30 4.745,009 

Stock Options - During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $2.1 million and $4.0 million of stock-based compensation expense for stock options, respectively. We did not grant options in the three months ended March 31, 2022.
As of March 31, 2022 and 2021, we had unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options of $4.4 million and $16.8 million, respectively. This expense is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average period of 0.6 years and 1.6 years, respectively. Cash received from stock options exercised totaled $1.0 million and $53.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
A summary of our stock awards activity and related information is as follows:
Number of
Awards
Outstanding
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair
Value
Unvested Balance at December 31, 2021
8,367,664 $20.52 
Granted3,841,604 19.82 
Vested(964,937)15.95 
Forfeited(89,251)18.53 
Unvested Balance at March 31, 202211,155,080 20.07 
Stock Awards - The estimated fair value of restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance stock units ("PSUs") is based on the fair value of our Class A common stock on the date of grant. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $21.0 million and $10.7 million of stock-based compensation expense for stock awards, respectively.
As of March 31, 2022 and 2021, we had $192.2 million and $126.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock awards, expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years and 2.4 years, respectively.
The following table presents the stock activity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the total number of shares available for grant under our stock plans as of March 31, 2022:
 Plan Shares Available
for Grant
  
Balances at December 31, 2021
24,146,784 
Added to plan8,384,460 
Granted(3,972,652)
Cancelled261,572 
Expired(161,292)
Balances at March 31, 2022
28,658,872 
2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $2.5 million and $1.1 million of stock-based compensation expense for the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, respectively. We issued 420,689 shares in the three months ended March 31, 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we added an additional 2,055,792 shares and there were 4,179,771 shares available for issuance as of March 31, 2022. We issued 977,508 shares in the three months ended March 31, 2021.
As of March 31, 2022 and 2021, we had $9.1 million and $1.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.1 years and 0.5 years, respectively.