Related Party Transactions

Our operations included the following related party transactions (in thousands):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017

Total revenue from related parties	$	228,100	$	32,381	$	2,176
Interest expense to related parties	6,756		8,893		12,265
Consulting expenses paid to related parties ¹ (included in general and administrative expense)	—		125		206
¹As of July 2019, we no longer have a consultant considered to be a related party.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had $55.8 million and $64.1 million, respectively, in debt and convertible notes from investors considered to be related parties.

Bloom Energy Japan Limited

In May 2013, we entered into a joint venture with Softbank Corp., which is accounted for as an equity method investment. Under this arrangement, we sell Energy Servers and provide maintenance services to the joint venture. For the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we recognized related party total revenue of $4.2 million and $32.4 million, respectively. Accounts receivable from this joint venture was $2.4 million as of December 31, 2019 and $3.3 million as of December 31, 2018.

Diamond State Generation Partners, LLC

On June 14, 2019, we entered into a transaction with SP Diamond State Class B Holdings (SPDS) for the PPA II upgrade of Energy Servers. In connection with the closing of this transaction, SPDS was admitted as a member of Diamond State Generation Partners, LLC ("DSGP"). DSGP, an operating company was a wholly owned subsidiary of DSGH prior to June 14, 2019. As a result of the PPA II upgrade of Energy Servers transaction, we determined that we no longer retain a controlling interest in DSGP and therefore it will no longer be consolidated as a variable interest entity, or VIE, into our consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2019. DSGP is considered to be a related party as, through our interest in DSGH, we held an interest in DSGP through December 23, 2019. As a result of the PPA II Upgrade, we recognized related party revenue of approximately $223.9 million, comprised of product revenue of approximately $216.9 million and installation revenue of $7.0 million, for the year ended December 31, 2019. See Note 13, Power Purchase Agreement Programs - PPA II Upgrade of Energy Servers. We had no accounts receivable from DSGP as of December 31, 2019.

Consulting Arrangement

In January 2009, we entered into a consulting agreement with General Colin L. Powell, a member of our board of directors, pursuant to which General Powell performs certain strategic planning and advisory services for us. In 2018, General Powell's compensation was revised to $125,000.0 per year, plus reimbursement for reasonable expenses. In July 2019, the consulting agreement was amended to further reduce the compensation payable to General Powell such that he is no longer designated as a related party for reporting purposes.

Debt to Related Parties

The following is a summary of our debt and convertible notes from investors considered to be related parties as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):



	Unpaid Principal Balance		Net Carrying Value
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Current		Long- Term		Total

Recourse debt from related parties:
6% convertible promissory notes due December 2020 from related parties	$	20,801	$	20,801	$	—	$	20,801
Non-recourse debt from related parties:
7.5% term loan due September 2028 from related parties	38,337		3,882		31,088		34,970
Total debt from related parties	$	59,138	$	24,683	$	31,088	$	55,771

The following is a summary of our debt and convertible notes from investors considered to be related parties as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):



	Unpaid Principal Balance		Net Carrying Value
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Current		Long- Term		Total

Recourse debt from related parties:
6% convertible promissory notes due December 2020 from related parties	$	27,734	$	—	$	27,734	$	27,734
Non-recourse debt from related parties:
7.5% term loan due September 2028 from related parties	40,538		2,200		34,119		36,319
Total debt from related parties	$	68,272	$	2,200	$	61,853	$	64,053

In November 2019, one related party note holder exchanged $6.9 million of their 6% Notes at the conversion price of $11.25 per share into 616,302 shares of common stock. We repaid $2.2 million and $1.4 million of the non-recourse 7.5% term loan principal balance in the years December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and we paid $3.0 million and $3.1 million of interest in the years December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. See Note 7, Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements for additional information on our debt facilities.