Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Net loss per share (basic) attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Net loss per share (diluted) is computed by using the "if-converted" method when calculating the potential dilutive effect, if any, of convertible shares whereby net loss attributable to common stockholders is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities such as awards under equity compensation plans and inducement awards under separate restricted stock unit ("RSU") award agreements. Net loss per share (diluted) attributable to common stockholders is then calculated by dividing the resulting adjusted net loss attributable to common stockholders by the combined weighted-average number of fully diluted common shares outstanding.

In July 2018, the Company completed an initial public offering of its common shares wherein 20,700,000 shares of Class A common stock were sold into the market. Added to existing shares of Class B common stock were shares mandatorily converted from various financial instruments as a result of the IPO. See Note 8 - Convertible Notes, Convertible Preferred Stock and Common and Preferred Stock Warrants.

There were no adjustments to net loss attributable to common stockholders in determining net loss attributable to common stockholders (diluted). Equally, there were no adjustments to the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock (basic) in arriving at the weighted average number of outstanding shares (diluted), as such adjustments would have been antidilutive.

Net loss per share is the same for each class of common stock as they are entitled to the same liquidation and dividend rights with the exception of voting rights. As a result, net loss per share (basic) and net loss per share (diluted) attributed to common stockholders are the same for both Class A and Class B common stock and are combined for presentation. The following table sets forth the computation of the Company's net loss per share (basic) and net loss per share (diluted) attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except per share amounts):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016

Numerator:
Net loss attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	$	(241,753	)	$	(262,599	)	$	(279,658	)
Less: noncumulative dividends to preferred stockholders	—			—			—
Less: undistributed earnings to participating securities	—			—			—
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (basic)	(241,753		)	(262,599		)	(279,658		)
Add: adjustments to undistributed earnings to participating securities	—			—			—
Net loss attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders (diluted)	$	(241,753	)	$	(262,599	)	$	(279,658	)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares of common stock (basic)	53,268			10,248			10,046
Effect of potentially dilutive stock options	—			—			—
Weighted average shares of common stock (diluted)	53,268			10,248			10,046

Net loss per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(4.54	)	$	(25.62	)	$	(27.84	)

The following common stock equivalents (in thousands) were excluded from the computation of net loss per share attributable to common shareholders (diluted) for the periods presented as their inclusion would have been antidilutive:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018	2017	2016

Convertible and non-convertible redeemable preferred stock and convertible notes	27,230	85,476	84,551
Stock options to purchase common stock	4,962	2,950	2,668
Convertible redeemable preferred stock warrants	—	60	59
Convertible redeemable common stock warrants	—	312	313
	32,192	88,798	87,591