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Balance Sheet Components
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Balance Sheet Components Balance Sheet Components
Inventories
The components of inventory consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
 20232022
Raw materials$270,414 $165,446 
Work-in-progress50,632 44,660 
Finished goods181,469 58,288 
$502,515 $268,394 
The inventory reserves were $18.7 million and $17.2 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
 20232022
   
Prepaid workers compensation$6,851 $5,536 
Receivables from employees6,538 6,553 
Prepaid managed services
5,636 4,405 
Prepaid hardware and software maintenance5,202 4,290 
Tax receivables3,231 3,676 
Advance income tax provision2,557 783 
Deferred expenses (Note 17)
2,257 — 
Deposits made1,702 1,409 
Interest receivable1,697 556 
Prepaid rent1,232 965 
Prepaid deferred commissions1,178 1,002 
Other prepaid expenses and other current assets13,067 14,468 
$51,148 $43,643 
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Property, plant and equipment, net, consists of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
 20232022
   
Energy Servers$309,770 $538,912 
Machinery and equipment174,549 145,555 
Construction-in-progress104,650 72,174 
Leasehold improvements94,646 104,528 
Buildings49,477 49,240 
Computers, software and hardware28,901 24,608 
Furniture and fixtures12,541 9,581 
774,534 944,598 
Less: accumulated depreciation(281,182)(344,184)
$493,352 $600,414 
Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $62.6 million, $61.6 million and $53.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Property, plant and equipment under operating leases by PPA V was $226.0 million and accumulated depreciation for these assets was $92.7 million as of December 31, 2022. There were no property, plant and equipment under operating leases by PPA V as of December 31, 2023. Depreciation expense for property, plant and equipment under operating leases by PPA V (sold in August 2023) was $10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Depreciation expense for property, plant and equipment under operating leases by PPA V, PPA IV (sold in November 2022), and PPA IIIa (sold in June 2022) was $12.1 million and $23.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

PPA IIIa Upgrade
In June 2022, we started a project (the “PPA IIIa Upgrade,” the “PPA IIIa Repowering”) to replace 9.8 megawatts of the Energy Servers (the “old PPA IIIa Energy Servers”) at PPA IIIa Investment Company and Operating Company (“PPA IIIa”)
with current generation Energy Servers (the “new PPA IIIa Energy Servers”). The replacement was complete in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022. See Note 10 Portfolio Financings for additional information.
PPA IV Upgrade
In November 2022, we started a project (the “PPA IV Upgrade,” the “PPA IV Repowering”) to replace 19.3 megawatts of the Energy Servers (the “old PPA IV Energy Servers”) at PPA IV Investment Company and Operating Company (“PPA IV”) with current generation Energy Servers (the “new PPA IV Energy Servers”). The replacement was substantially complete as of December 31, 2023. See Note 10 Portfolio Financings for additional information.
PPA V Upgrade
In August 2023, we started a project (the “PPA V Upgrade,” the “PPA V Repowering”) to replace 37.1 megawatts of the Energy Servers (the “old PPA V Energy Servers”) at PPA V with current generation Energy Servers (the “new PPA V Energy Servers”). The replacement was complete in the first quarter of fiscal 2024. See Note 10 Portfolio Financings for additional information.
Other Long-Term Assets
Other long-term assets consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
20232022
   
Deferred commissions$9,373 $8,320 
Deferred expenses (Note 17)
9,069 — 
Long-term lease receivable7,335 8,076 
Deposits made3,157 2,672 
Prepaid managed services
1,646 2,373 
Deferred tax asset1,385 1,151 
Prepaid insurance— 4,047 
Prepaid and other long-term assets18,243 13,566 
$50,208 $40,205 
Accrued Warranty and Product Performance Liabilities
Accrued warranty liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
 20232022
   
Product performance$18,066 $16,901 
Product warranty1,260 431 
$19,326 $17,332 
Changes in the product warranty and product performance liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
Balances at December 31, 2021
$11,746 
Accrued warranty and product performance liabilities, net
17,719 
Warranty and product performance expenditures during the year
(12,133)
Balances at December 31, 2022
$17,332 
Accrued warranty and product performance liabilities, net
27,845 
Warranty and product performance expenditures during the year
(25,851)
Balances at December 31, 2023
$19,326 
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
 20232022
   
Compensation and benefits$47,901 $48,156 
General invoice and purchase order accruals36,266 44,010 
Sales tax liabilities17,412 6,172 
Sales-related liabilities5,121 7,147 
Accrued installation4,939 7,905 
Interest payable3,823 3,128 
Accrued restructuring costs (Note 12)
3,793 — 
Provision for income tax3,374 1,140 
Accrued consulting expenses3,244 1,390 
Accrued legal expenses1,359 4,403 
Finance lease liability1,072 1,024 
Delaware grant (Note 13)
— 9,495 
PPA IV Upgrade financing obligations— 6,076 
Current portion of derivative liabilities— 2,596 
Other2,575 1,541 
$130,879 $144,183 
Preferred Stock
As of December 31, 2023, we had 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized. 13,491,701 of these shares were designated as Series B RCPS and were converted to Class A common stock as of September 23, 2023, as a result of the SK ecoplant Second Tranche Closing. As of December 31, 2022, we had 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized. 10,000,000 of these shares were designated as Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock and were converted to Class A common stock as of November 8, 2022, as a result of the SK ecoplant Initial Investment. For additional information, please see Note 17 SK ecoplant Strategic Investment.
The preferred stock had $0.0001 par value. There were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Conversion of Class B Common Stock
On July 27, 2023, in accordance with our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, each share of our Class B common stock entitled to ten votes per share automatically converted into one share of our Class A common stock entitled to one vote per share.