10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

________________________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
þ	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023
or
¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ____________to ____________

 Commission File Number: 001-38598 

________________________________________________________________________

BLOOM ENERGY CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

________________________________________________________________________

Delaware	77-0565408
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
4353 North First Street, San Jose, California	95134
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)
(408) 543-1500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class(1)	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value	BE	New York Stock Exchange
(1) Our Class B Common Stock is not registered but is convertible into shares of Class A Common Stock at the election of the holder.

________________________________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  þ    No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes  þ    No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  

Large accelerated filer þ     Accelerated filer   ¨      Non-accelerated filer   ¨      Smaller reporting company  ¨      Emerging growth company  ¨ 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ¨    No  þ

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of August 1, 2023 was as follows:

Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, 209,421,735 shares

Class B Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, 0 shares

1

Bloom Energy Corporation

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023

Table of Contents

	Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 - Financial Statements (unaudited)	3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34
Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	50
Item 4 - Controls and Procedures	50
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 - Legal Proceedings	51
Item 1A - Risk Factors	51
Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	51
Item 3 - Defaults Upon Senior Securities	51
Item 4 - Mine Safety Disclosures	51
Item 5 - Other Information	51
Item 6 - Exhibits	52
Signatures	53

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “Bloom” and “Bloom Energy,” each refer to Bloom Energy Corporation and all of its subsidiaries.

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Bloom Energy Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents1	$	767,055	$	348,498
Restricted cash1	45,811		51,515
Accounts receivable less allowance for doubtful accounts of $119 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 20221	351,021		250,995
Contract assets	35,182		46,727
Inventories1	468,266		268,394
Deferred cost of revenue	53,982		46,191
Loan commitment asset	5,259		—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets1	49,823		43,643
Total current assets	1,776,399		1,055,963
Property, plant and equipment, net1	606,007		600,414
Operating lease right-of-use assets1	132,452		126,955
Restricted cash1	109,678		118,353
Deferred cost of revenue	4,407		4,737
Loan commitment asset	47,533		—
Other long-term assets1	43,426		40,205
Total assets	$	2,719,902	$	1,946,627
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable1	$	194,503	$	161,770
Accrued warranty	14,906		17,332
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities1	113,848		144,183
Deferred revenue and customer deposits1	137,704		159,048
Operating lease liabilities1	17,168		16,227
Financing obligations	29,097		17,363
Recourse debt	—		12,716
Non-recourse debt1	10,814		13,307
Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock	310,508		—
Total current liabilities	828,548		541,946
Deferred revenue and customer deposits1	26,226		56,392
Operating lease liabilities1	137,667		132,363
Financing obligations	424,811		442,063
Recourse debt1	839,223		273,076
Non-recourse debt1	107,793		112,480
Other long-term liabilities	9,399		9,491
Total liabilities	2,373,667		1,567,811
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock: $0.0001 par value; Class A shares - 600,000,000 shares authorized and 193,506,252 shares and 189,864,722 shares issued and outstanding and Class B shares - 600,000,000 shares authorized and 15,675,130 shares and 15,799,968 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	20		20
Additional paid-in capital	4,011,900		3,906,491
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,053)		(1,251)
Accumulated deficit	(3,702,111)		(3,564,483)
Total equity attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	307,756		340,777
Noncontrolling interest	38,479		38,039
Total stockholders’ equity	$	346,235	$	378,816
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,719,902	$	1,946,627

1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Bloom Energy Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue:
Product	$	214,706	$	173,625	$	408,451	$	307,172
Installation	24,321		12,729		44,846		26,282
Service	42,298		38,426		82,961		73,665
Electricity	19,770		18,456		40,028		37,156
Total revenue	301,095		243,236		576,286		444,275
Cost of revenue:
Product	145,146		129,419		274,759		235,161
Installation	26,879		16,730		51,979		29,503
Service	57,263		41,028		108,507		82,854
Electricity	15,457		58,029		30,424		70,790
Total cost of revenue	244,745		245,206		465,669		418,308
Gross profit (loss)	56,350		(1,970)		110,617		25,967
Operating expenses:
Research and development	41,493		41,614		87,183		76,140
Sales and marketing	26,822		20,475		53,933		41,809
General and administrative	42,491		38,114		87,638		75,850
Total operating expenses	110,806		100,203		228,754		193,799
Loss from operations	(54,456)		(102,173)		(118,137)		(167,832)
Interest income	4,357		196		6,352		255
Interest expense	(13,953)		(13,814)		(25,699)		(27,901)
Other expense, net	(740)		(1,191)		(2,083)		(4,218)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(2,873)		(4,233)		(2,873)		(4,233)
(Loss) gain on revaluation of embedded derivatives	(1,216)		38		(1,099)		569
Loss before income taxes	(68,881)		(121,177)		(143,539)		(203,360)
Income tax provision (benefit)	178		(12)		437		552
Net loss	(69,059)		(121,165)		(143,976)		(203,912)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(2,998)		(2,365)		(6,348)		(6,453)
Net loss attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	(66,061)		(118,800)		(137,628)		(197,459)
Less: Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		(300)
Net loss before portion attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest and noncontrolling interest	$	(66,061)	$	(118,800)	$	(137,628)	$	(197,159)
Net loss per share available to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.32)	$	(0.67)	$	(0.66)	$	(1.11)
Weighted average shares used to compute net loss per share available to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic and diluted	208,692		178,507		207,714		177,852

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Bloom Energy Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net loss	$	(69,059)	$	(121,165)	$	(143,976)	$	(203,912)
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(722)		(594)		(993)		(747)
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes	(722)		(594)		(993)		(747)
Comprehensive loss	(69,781)		(121,759)		(144,969)		(204,659)
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(3,019)		(2,462)		(6,539)		(6,550)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	$	(66,762)	$	(119,297)	$	(138,430)	$	(198,109)
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		(300)
Comprehensive loss before portion attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest and noncontrolling interest	$	(66,762)	$	(119,297)	$	(138,430)	$	(197,809)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

Bloom Energy Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Class A and Class B Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Equity Attributable to Class A and Class B Common Stockholders		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balances at March 31, 2023	208,333,645	$	20	$	4,036,697	$	(1,352)	$	(3,636,050)	$	399,315	$	34,519	433,834
Issuance of restricted stock awards	753,859	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options	93,878	—		733		—		—		733		—		733
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		28,992		—		—		28,992		—		28,992
Contributions from noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		—		6,979		6,979
Purchase of capped call related to convertible notes (Note 7)	—	—		(54,522)		—		—		(54,522)		—		(54,522)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		(701)		—		(701)		(21)		(722)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(66,061)		(66,061)		(2,998)		(69,059)
Balances at June 30, 2023	209,181,382	$	20	$	4,011,900	$	(2,053)	$	(3,702,111)	$	307,756	$	38,479	$	346,235

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Class A and Class B Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Deficit Attributable to Class A and Class B Common Stockholders		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Stockholders’ Deficit
	Shares	Amount
Balances at March 31, 2022	177,995,695	$	18	$	3,251,128	$	(503)	$	(3,341,434)	$	(90,791)	$	36,035	$	(54,756)
Issuance of restricted stock awards	824,702	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options	93,400	—		337		—		—		337		—		337
Stock-based compensation	—	—		32,796		—		—		32,796		—		32,796
Distributions and payments to noncontrolling interests	—	—		—		—		—		—		(1,539)		(1,539)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		(497)		—		(497)		(97)		(594)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(118,800)		(118,800)		(2,365)		(121,165)
Balances at June 30, 2022	178,913,797	$	18	$	3,284,261	$	(1,000)	$	(3,460,234)	$	(176,955)	$	32,034	$	(144,921)

6

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Class A and Class B Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Equity Attributable to Class A and Class B Common Stockholders		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balances at December 31, 2022	205,664,690	$	20	$	3,906,491	$	(1,251)	$	(3,564,483)	$	340,777	$	38,039	$	378,816
Issuance of restricted stock awards	2,858,763	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
ESPP purchase	449,525	—		7,756		—		—		7,756		—		7,756
Exercise of stock options	208,404	—		1,502		—		—		1,502		—		1,502
Stock-based compensation	—	—		58,286		—		—		58,286		—		58,286
Derecognition of the pre-modification forward contract fair value (Note 15)	—	—		76,242		—		—		76,242		—		76,242
Equity component of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock (Note 15)	—	—		16,145		—		—		16,145		—		16,145
Contributions from noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		—		6,979		6,979
Purchase of capped call related to convertible notes (Note 7)	—	—		(54,522)		—		—		(54,522)		—		(54,522)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		(802)		—		(802)		(191)		(993)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(137,628)		(137,628)		(6,348)		(143,976)
Balances at June 30, 2023	209,181,382	20		$	4,011,900	$	(2,053)	$	(3,702,111)	$	307,756	$	38,479	$	346,235

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Class A and Class B Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Deficit Attributable to Class A and Class B Common Stockholders		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Stockholders’ Deficit
	Shares	Amount
Balances at December 31, 2021	176,460,407	$	18	$	3,219,081	$	(350)	$	(3,263,075)	$	(44,326)	$	42,499	$	(1,827)
Issuance of restricted stock awards	1,789,639	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
ESPP purchase	420,689	—		5,981		—		—		5,981		—		5,981
Exercise of stock options	243,062	—		1,317		—		—		1,317		—		1,317
Stock-based compensation	—	—		58,382		—		—		58,382		—		58,382
Distributions and payments to noncontrolling interests	—	—		(500)		—		—		(500)		(3,915)		(4,415)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		(650)		—		(650)		(97)		(747)
Net loss1	—	—		—		—		(197,159)		(197,159)		(6,453)		(203,612)
Balances at June 30, 2022	178,913,797	$	18	$	3,284,261	$	(1,000)	$	(3,460,234)	$	(176,955)	$	32,034	$	(144,921)

1Excludes $300 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest.

Note: Beginning redeemable noncontrolling interest of $300 - Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest of $300 = ending redeemable noncontrolling interest of Nil.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

Bloom Energy Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(143,976)	$	(203,912)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	35,668		30,697
Non-cash lease expense	16,184		8,800
Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment	196		(523)
Revaluation of derivative contracts	1,099		1,680
Write-off of assets related to PPA IIIa	—		44,800
Stock-based compensation	55,845		57,774
Amortization of warrants and debt issuance costs	1,786		1,651
Loss on extinguishment of debt	2,873		4,233
Unrealized foreign currency exchange loss	1,512		2,276
Other	—		3,487
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(99,951)		8,938
Contract assets	11,544		(8,173)
Inventories	(197,346)		(62,824)
Deferred cost of revenue	(7,544)		(8,995)
Customer financing receivable	—		2,510
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,958		(5,813)
Other long-term assets	3,415		—
Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities	(15,447)		2,422
Finance lease liabilities	736		48
Accounts payable	35,894		50,585
Accrued warranty	(2,426)		—
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(35,719)		(18,017)
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	(26,766)		(10,158)
Other long-term liabilities	(730)		—
Net cash used in operating activities	(361,195)		(98,514)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(46,150)		(44,728)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	25		—
Net cash used in investing activities	(46,125)		(44,728)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt	634,018		—
Payment of debt issuance costs	(15,828)		—
Repayment of debt of PPA IIIa	—		(30,212)
Debt make-whole payment related to PPA IIIa debt	—		(2,413)
Repayment of recourse debt	(72,852)		(10,729)
Proceeds from financing obligations	2,702		—
Repayment of financing obligations	(8,728)		(16,475)
Distributions and payments to noncontrolling interests	—		(4,415)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	9,258		5,981
Proceeds from exercise of options	—		1,317
Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock	310,957		—
Contributions from noncontrolling interest	6,979		—
Purchase of capped call related to convertible notes (Note 7)	(54,522)		—
Other	(158)		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	811,826		(56,946)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalent and restricted cash	(328)		(747)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	404,178		(200,935)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Beginning of period	518,366		615,114
End of period	$	922,544	$	414,179
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	22,345	$	25,938
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	15,318		4,387
Operating cash flows from finance leases	509		462
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	950		982
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of customer financing receivable to property, plant and equipment, net	$	—	$	42,758
Liabilities recorded for property, plant and equipment, net	4,790		15,988
Recognition of operating lease right-of-use asset during the year-to-date period	14,037		11,192
Recognition of finance lease right-of-use asset during the year-to-date period	736		—
Derecognition of the pre-modification forward contract fair value (Note 15)	76,242		—
Equity component of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock (Note 15)	16,145		—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

Bloom Energy Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The unaudited interim financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented.

The unaudited interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Website references throughout this document are provided for convenience only, and the content on the referenced websites is not incorporated by reference into this report.

1. Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business

For information on the nature of our business, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Nature of Business section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Liquidity

We have generally incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception. With the series of new debt offerings, debt extensions and conversions to equity that we completed during 2022 and the first half of 2023, we had $839.2 million of total outstanding recourse debt as of June 30, 2023, which was classified as long-term debt.

On March 20, 2023, we entered into an Amendment (the “Amended SPA”) to the Securities Purchase Agreement with SK ecoplant, dated October 23, 2021 (the “SPA”), and the Investor Agreement, dated December 29, 2021, pursuant to which we issued and sold to SK ecoplant 13,491,701 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock (the “Series B RCPS”) for cash proceeds of $311.0 million. For additional information, please see Part I, Item 1, Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment.

On March 20, 2023, in connection with the Amended SPA we also entered into a Shareholders’ Loan Agreement with SK ecoplant (the “Loan Agreement”), pursuant to which we may draw down on a loan from SK ecoplant with a maximum principal amount of $311.0 million, should SK ecoplant send a redemption notice to us under the Amended SPA or otherwise reduce any portion of its current holdings of our Class A common stock. The Loan Agreement has a maturity of five years and bears an interest rate of 4.6%. The proceeds of the loan may be used by us for working capital and general corporate purpose needs.

On May 16, 2023, we issued 3% Green Convertible Senior Notes (the “3% Green Notes”) in an aggregate principal amount of $632.5 million due June 2028, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted, less the initial purchasers’ discount of $15.8 million and other issuance costs of $3.8 million, resulting in net proceeds of $612.9 million. On June 1, 2023, we used approximately $60.9 million of the net proceeds from this offering to redeem all of the outstanding principal amount of our 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027. The redemption price equaled 104% of the principal amount redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest. For additional information, please see Part I, Item 1, Note 7 - Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending on research and development efforts and other business initiatives, the rate of growth in the volume of system builds and the need for additional manufacturing space, the expansion of sales and marketing activities both in domestic and international markets, market acceptance of our product, our ability to secure financing for customer use of our Energy Servers, the timing of installations, and overall economic conditions, including the inflationary pressure in the US on our ongoing and future operations. The rising interest rate environment in the US has and will continue to adversely impact the cost of new capital deployment.

In the opinion of management, the combination of our existing cash and cash equivalents and expected timing of operating cash flows is expected to be sufficient to meet our operational and capital cash flow requirements and other cash flow needs for the next 12 months from the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

9

10

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 – New and Expanded Production and Tax Credits for Manufacturers and Projects to Support Clean Energy

For information on the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) signed into law on August 16, 2022, and its impact on our business, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Basis of Presentation

We have prepared the condensed consolidated financial statements included herein pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Principles of Consolidation

For information on the principles of consolidation, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Principles of Consolidation section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Business Combinations

For information on the business combinations, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Business Combinations section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Use of Estimates

For information on the use of accounting estimates, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Use of Estimates section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Concentration of Risk

Geographic Risk - The majority of our revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was attributable to operations in the United States and, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, to operations in the Republic of Korea. A major portion of our long-lived assets is attributable to operations in the United States for all periods presented. In addition to shipments in the US and the Republic of Korea, we also ship our Energy Servers to other countries, primarily, Japan and India (the markets of the Republic of Korea, Japan and India, collectively referred to as the “Asia Pacific region”). In the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, total revenue related to shipments to the Asia Pacific region was 27% and 17%, respectively. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, total revenue related to shipments to the Asia Pacific region was 62% and 63%, respectively.

Credit Risk - At June 30, 2023, two customers accounted for approximately 65% and 19% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2022, one customer represented approximately 75% of accounts receivable. To date, we have not experienced any credit losses.

Customer Risk - During the three months ended June 30, 2023, revenue from three customers accounted for approximately 39%, 22%, and 12% of our total revenue. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, three customers represented approximately 40%, 13%, and 12% of our total revenue.

During the three months ended June 30, 2022, two customers represented approximately 57% and 16% of our total revenue. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, two customers represented approximately 45% and 15% of our total revenue.

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2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Please refer to the accounting policies described in Part II, Item 8, Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There have been no significant changes in our reported financial position or results of operations and cash flows resulting from the adoption of new accounting pronouncements.

3. Revenue Recognition

Contract Balances

The following table provides information about accounts receivables, contract assets, customer deposits and deferred revenue from contracts with customers (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accounts receivable	$	351,021	$	250,995
Contract assets	35,182		46,727
Customer deposits	78,820		121,085
Deferred revenue	85,110		94,355

Contract assets relate to contracts for which revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of performance obligations, but where billing milestones have not been reached. Customer deposits and deferred revenue include payments received from customers or invoiced amounts prior to transfer of controls of performance obligations. At December 31, 2022, customer deposits included $24.6 million related to transactions with SK ecoplant and refundable fees received from customers. At June 30, 2023 there were no customer deposits related to transactions with SK ecoplant (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment).

Contract assets and contract liabilities are reported in a net position on an individual contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Contract assets are classified as current in the condensed consolidated balance sheets when both the milestones other than the passage of time, are expected to be complete and the customer is invoiced within one year of the balance sheet date, and as long-term when both the above-mentioned milestones are expected to be complete, and the customer is invoiced more than one year out from the balance sheet date. Contract liabilities are classified as current in the condensed consolidated balance sheets when the revenue recognition associated with the related customer payments and invoicing is expected to occur within one year of the balance sheet date and as long-term when the revenue recognition associated with the related customer payments and invoicing is expected to occur in more than one year from the balance sheet date.

Contract Assets

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Beginning balance	$	47,778	$	13,533	$	46,727	$	25,201
Transferred to accounts receivable from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period	(23,228)		(1,387)		(27,404)		(15,963)
Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period	10,632		21,228		15,859		24,136
Ending balance	$	35,182	$	33,374	$	35,182	$	33,374

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Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue activity, including deferred incentive revenue activity, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Beginning balance	$	87,848	$	103,489	$	94,355	$	115,476
Additions	265,408		182,067		490,346		348,744
Revenue recognized	(268,146)		(189,179)		(499,591)		(367,843)
Ending balance	$	85,110	$	96,377	$	85,110	$	96,377

Deferred revenue is equivalent to the total transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, as of the end of the period. Primary component of deferred revenue at the end of the period consists of performance obligations relating to the provision of maintenance services under current contracts and future renewal periods. Some of these obligations provide customers with material rights over a period that we estimate will be largely commensurate with the period of their expected use of the associated Energy Server. As a result, we expect to recognize these amounts as revenue over a period of up to 21 years, predominantly on a relative standalone selling price basis that reflects the cost of providing these services. Deferred revenue also includes performance obligations relating to product acceptance and installation. A significant amount of this deferred revenue is reflected as additions and revenue recognized in the same 12-month period, and a portion of this deferred revenue is expected to be recognized beyond 12-month period mainly due to deployment schedules.

We do not disclose the value of the unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

Disaggregated Revenue

We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers into four revenue categories: product, installation, services and electricity (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Product revenue	$	214,706	$	173,625	$	408,451	$	307,172
Installation revenue	24,321		12,729		44,846		26,282
Services revenue	42,298		38,426		82,961		73,665
Electricity revenue	3,966		2,794		7,804		5,476
Total revenue from contract with customers	285,291		227,574		544,062		412,595
Revenue from contracts that contain leases:
Electricity revenue	15,804		15,662		32,224		31,680
Total revenue	$	301,095	$	243,236	$	576,286	$	444,275

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4. Financial Instruments

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The carrying values of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash approximate fair values and were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
As Held:
Cash	$	307,575	$	226,463
Money market funds	614,969		291,903
	$	922,544	$	518,366
As Reported:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	767,055	$	348,498
Restricted cash	155,489		169,868
	$	922,544	$	518,366

Restricted cash consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Current:
Restricted cash	$	45,161	$	50,965
Restricted cash related to PPA Entity1	650		550
	$	45,811	$	51,515
Non-current:
Restricted cash	$	101,678	$	110,353
Restricted cash related to PPA Entity1	8,000		8,000
	109,678		118,353
	$	155,489	$	169,868

1 We have a variable interest entity (“VIE”) related to our Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) entity, PPA V, that represents a portion of the condensed consolidated balances recorded within the “restricted cash” and other financial statement line items in the condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings). In addition, the restricted cash held in the PPA II and PPA IIIb entities as of June 30, 2023, included $31.1 million and $0.8 million of current restricted cash, respectively, and $16.3 million and $6.7 million of non-current restricted cash, respectively. The restricted cash held in the PPA II and PPA IIIb entities as of December 31, 2022, included $40.6 million and $1.2 million of current restricted cash, respectively, and $28.5 million and $6.7 million of non-current restricted cash, respectively. These entities are not considered VIEs.

Factoring Arrangements

We sell certain customer trade receivables on a non-recourse basis under factoring arrangements with certain financial institutions. These transactions are accounted for as sales and cash proceeds are included in cash used in operating activities. We derecognized $59.6 million of accounts receivable during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and no accounts receivable were derecognized during the three months ended June 30, 2023. We derecognized $90.9 million and $137.3 million of accounts receivable during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

The costs of factoring such accounts receivable on our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were $0.7 million. There were no costs of factoring for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The costs of factoring for three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were $0.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The costs of factoring are recorded in general and administrative expenses.

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5. Fair Value

Our accounting policy for the fair value measurement of cash equivalents and embedded Escalation Protection Plan (“EPP”) derivatives is described in Part II, Item 8 Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The tables below set forth, by level, our financial assets that are accounted for at fair value for the respective periods. The table does not include assets and liabilities that are measured at historical cost or any basis other than fair value (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measured at Reporting Date Using
June 30, 2023	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	614,969	$	—	$	—	$	614,969
	$	614,969	$	—	$	—	$	614,969
Liabilities
Derivatives:
Embedded EPP derivatives	—		—		3,834		$	3,834
	$	—	$	—	$	3,834	$	3,834

	Fair Value Measured at Reporting Date Using
December 31, 2022	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	291,903	$	—	$	—	$	291,903
	$	291,903	$	—	$	—	$	291,903
Liabilities
Derivatives:
Embedded EPP derivatives	—		—		5,895		$	5,895
	$	—	$	—	$	5,895	$	5,895

Money Market Funds - Money market funds are valued using quoted market prices for identical securities and are therefore classified as Level 1 financial assets.

Embedded Escalation Protection Plan Derivative Liability in Sales Contracts - We estimate the fair value of the embedded EPP derivatives in certain sales contracts using a Monte Carlo simulation model, which considers various potential electricity price curves over the sales contracts’ terms. We use historical grid prices and available forecasts of future electricity prices to estimate future electricity prices. We have classified these derivatives as a Level 3 financial liability.

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The changes in the Level 3 financial liabilities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Embedded EPP Derivative Liability
Liabilities at December 31, 2022	$	5,895
EPP liability settlement	(3,160)
Changes in fair value	1,099
Liabilities at June 30, 2023	$	3,834

In June 2023, per an EPP agreement with one of our customers, we paid $3.2 million, which was recorded as a reduction to our balance of embedded EPP derivative liability as of June 30, 2023.

Financial Assets and Liabilities and Other Items Not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Debt Instruments - The senior secured notes and convertible notes are based on rates currently offered for instruments with similar maturities and terms (Level 2). The following table presents the estimated fair values and carrying values of debt instruments (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
	Net Carrying Value		Fair Value	Net Carrying Value		Fair Value
Debt instruments
Recourse:
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028	$	613,407	718,773	$	—	—
2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025	225,816		278,415	224,832		309,488
10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027	—		—	60,960		60,472
Non-recourse:
3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 2031	117,074		108,562	125,787		117,028
4.6% Term Loan due March 2026	$	1,533	1,329	$	—	—

6. Balance Sheet Components

Inventories

The components of inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Raw materials	$	223,526	$	165,446
Finished goods	188,803		58,288
Work-in-progress	55,937		44,660
	$	468,266	$	268,394

The inventory reserves were $16.8 million and $17.2 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Receivables from employees	$	10,922	$	6,553
Deferred expenses (Note 15)	8,182		—
Tax receivables	4,422		3,676
Prepaid hardware and software maintenance	3,306		4,290
Prepaid managed services	2,773		4,405
Advance income tax provision	1,998		783
Deposits made	1,683		1,409
Prepaid workers compensation	1,163		5,536
Prepaid deferred commissions	832		1,002
Other prepaid expenses and other current assets	14,542		15,989
	$	49,823	$	43,643

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Energy Servers	$	545,047	$	538,912
Machinery and equipment	159,171		145,555
Leasehold improvements	105,888		104,528
Construction-in-progress	92,896		72,174
Buildings	49,424		49,240
Computers, software and hardware	26,359		24,608
Furniture and fixtures	9,722		9,581
	988,507		944,598
Less: accumulated depreciation	(382,500)		(344,184)
	$	606,007	$	600,414

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $17.5 million and $35.7 million, respectively. Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $16.3 million and $30.7 million, respectively.

Property, plant and equipment under operating leases by PPA V was $226.0 million and $226.0 million and accumulated depreciation for these assets was $99.9 million and $92.7 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Depreciation expense for property, plant and equipment under operating leases by PPA V and PPA IV (sold in November 2022) was $3.6 million and $7.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense for these assets was $5.6 million and $11.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

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Other Long-Term Assets

Other long-term assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Deferred commissions	$	8,860	$	8,320
Long-term lease receivable	7,817		8,076
Deferred expenses (Note 15)	6,669		—
Prepaid insurance	3,541		4,047
Deposits made	2,695		2,672
Prepaid managed services	2,056		2,373
Deferred tax asset	1,399		1,151
Prepaid and other long-term assets	10,389		13,566
	$	43,426	$	40,205

Accrued Warranty

Accrued warranty liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Product performance	$	13,926	$	16,901
Product warranty	980		431
	$	14,906	$	17,332

Changes in the product warranty and product performance liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

Balances at December 31, 2022	$	17,332
Accrued warranty, net	17,474
Warranty expenditures during the six-month period	(19,900)
Balances at June 30, 2023	$	14,906

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Compensation and benefits	$	43,833	$	48,156
General invoice and purchase order accruals	26,854		44,010
Delaware grant	9,495		9,495
Sales-related liabilities	6,522		7,147
Accrued installation	5,618		7,905
Sales tax liabilities	5,192		6,172
Interest payable	4,581		3,128
Accrued legal expenses	3,724		4,403
Accrued consulting expenses	2,431		1,390
Provision for income tax	1,995		1,140
Finance lease liabilities	1,136		1,024
VAT interim liability	968		418
PPA IV upgrade financing obligations	247		6,076
Current portion of derivative liabilities	—		2,596
Other	1,252		1,123
	$	113,848	$	144,183

Preferred Stock

As of June 30, 2023, we had 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized, of which 13,491,701 shares were designated as Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock. As of December 31, 2022, we had 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized, of which 10,000,000 shares were designated as Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock. The preferred stock had $0.0001 par value. There were 13,491,701 shares and no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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7. Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements

The following is a summary of our debt as of June 30, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

	Unpaid Principal Balance		Net Carrying Value						Interest Rate	Maturity Dates	Entity
			Current		Long- Term		Total
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028	632,500		—		613,407		613,407		3.0%	June 2028	Company
2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025	230,000		—		225,816		225,816		2.5%	August 2025	Company
Total recourse debt	862,500		—		839,223		839,223
3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 30, 2031	118,538		10,814		106,260		117,074		3.04%	June 2031	PPA V
4.6% Term Loan due March 2026	1,533		—		1,533		1,533		4.6%	March 2026	Korean Joint Venture
Total non-recourse debt	120,071		10,814		107,793		118,607
Total debt	$	982,571	$	10,814	$	947,016	$	957,830

The following is a summary of our debt as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands, except percentage data):

	Unpaid Principal Balance		Net Carrying Value						Interest Rate	Maturity Dates	Entity
			Current		Long- Term		Total
10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027	$	61,653	$	12,716	$	48,244	$	60,960	10.25%	March 2027	Company
2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025	230,000		—		224,832		224,832		2.5%	August 2025	Company
Total recourse debt	291,653		12,716		273,076		285,792
3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 30, 2031	127,430		13,307		112,480		125,787		3.04%	June 2031	PPA V
Total non-recourse debt	127,430		13,307		112,480		125,787
Total debt	$	419,083	$	26,023	$	385,556	$	411,579

Recourse debt refers to debt that we have an obligation to pay. Non-recourse debt refers to debt that is recourse to only our subsidiaries. The differences between the unpaid principal balances and the net carrying values apply to deferred financing costs. We and all of our subsidiaries were in compliance with all financial covenants as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Recourse Debt Facilities

3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028 - On May 16, 2023, we issued the 3% Green Notes in an aggregate principal amount of $632.5 million due on June 1, 2028, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted, less an initial purchasers’ discount of $15.8 million and other issuance costs of $3.8 million (together, the “Transaction Costs”), resulting in net proceeds of $612.9 million. The 3% Green Notes were issued pursuant to, and are governed by, an indenture (the “Indenture”), dated as of May 16, 2023, between us and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee, in private placements to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

Pursuant to the purchase agreement among the Company and the representatives of the initial purchasers of the 3% Green Notes, the Company granted the initial purchasers an option to purchase up to an additional $82.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 3% Green Notes (the “Greenshoe Option”). The 3% Green Notes issued on May 16, 2023, included $82.5 million aggregate principal amount pursuant to the full exercise by the initial purchasers of the Greenshoe Option.

The 3% Green Notes are senior, unsecured obligations accruing interest at a rate of 3% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2023.

We may not redeem the 3% Green Notes prior to June 5, 2026, subject to a partial redemption limitation. We may elect to redeem, at face value, all or any portion of the 3% Green Notes at any time, and from time to time, on or after June 5, 2026

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and on or before the forty-sixth scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, provided the share price for our Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price at redemption.

Before March 1, 2028, the noteholders have the right to convert their 3% Green Notes only upon the occurrence of certain events, including satisfaction of a condition relating to the closing price of our common stock (the “Closing Price Condition”) or the trading price of the 3% Green Notes (the “Trading Price Condition”), a redemption event, or other specified corporate events. If the Closing Price Condition is met on at least 20 (whether or not consecutive) of the last 30 consecutive trading days in any calendar quarter, and only during such calendar quarter, the noteholders may convert their 3% Green Notes at any time during the immediately following quarter, commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2023, subject to partial redemption limitation. Subject to the Trading Price Condition, the noteholders may convert their 3% Green Notes during the five business days immediately after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the 3% Green Notes, as determined following a request by a holder of the 3% Green Notes, for each day of that period is less than 98% of the product of the closing price of our common stock and the then applicable conversion rate. From and after March 1, 2028, the noteholders may convert their 3% Green Notes at any time at their election until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. Should the noteholders elect to convert their 3% Green Notes, we may elect to settle the conversion by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of our Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, or a combination thereof, at our election.

The initial conversion rate is 53.0427 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $18.85 per share of Class A common stock. The conversion rate and conversion price are subject to customary adjustments upon the occurrence of certain events. Also, we may increase the conversion rate at any time if our Board of Directors determines it is in the best interests of the Company or to avoid or diminish income tax to holders of common stock. In addition, if certain corporate events that constitute a Make-Whole Fundamental Change, as defined below, occur, then the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of the 3% Green Notes will, in certain circumstances, be increased by up to 22.5430 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes for a specified period of time. At June 30, 2023, the maximum number of shares into which the 3% Green Notes could have been potentially converted if the conversion features were triggered was 47,807,955 shares of Class A common stock.

According to the Indenture, a Make-Whole Fundamental Change means (i) a Fundamental Change, that includes certain change-of-control events relating to us, certain business combination transactions involving us and certain delisting events with respect to our Class A common stock, or (ii) the sending of a redemption notice with respect to the 3% Green Notes.

The 3% Green Notes contain certain customary provisions relating to the occurrence of Events of Default, as defined in the Indenture. If an Event of Default involving bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization events with respect to us occurs, then the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the 3% Green Notes then outstanding will immediately become due and payable without any further action or notice by any person. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, we may elect, at our option, that the sole remedy for an Event of Default relating to certain failures by us to comply with certain reporting covenants in the Indenture consists exclusively of the right of the noteholders to receive special interest on the 3% Green Notes for up to 180 days at a specified rate per annum not exceeding 0.50% on the principal amount of the 3% Green Notes.

The Transaction Costs were recorded as debt issuance costs and presented a reduction to the 3% Green Notes on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and are amortized to interest expense at an effective interest rate of 3.8%.

Total interest expense recognized related to the 3% Green Notes for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.9 million and was comprised of contractual interest expense of $2.4 million and amortization of the initial purchasers’ discount and other issuance costs of $0.5 million. We have not recognized any special interest expense related to the 3% Green Notes to date. The amount of unamortized debt issuance costs as of June 30, 2023, was $19.1 million.

Although the 3% Green Notes contain embedded conversion features, we account for the 3% Green Notes in its entirety as a liability. As of June 30, 2023, the net carrying value of the 3% Green Notes was classified as a long-term liability in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Capped Calls - On May 11, 2023, in connection with the pricing of the 3% Green Notes, and on May 15, 2023, in connection with initial purchasers’ exercise of the Greenshoe Option, we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Capped Calls”) with certain counterparties (the “Option Counterparties”). The Capped Calls cover, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the 3% Green Notes, the aggregate number of shares of our Class A common stock that initially underlie the 3% Green Notes, and are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to holders of our common stock upon any conversion of the 3% Green Notes and at our election (subject to certain

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conditions) offset any cash payments we would be required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 3% Green Notes.

The Capped Calls expire on June 1, 2028 and are exercisable only at maturity, but may be early terminated in various circumstances, including if the 3% Green Notes are early converted or repurchased. The default settlement method for the Capped Calls is net share settlement. However, we may elect to settle the Capped Calls in cash.

The Capped Calls have an initial strike price of approximately $18.85 per share of Class A common stock, subject to certain adjustments. The strike price of $18.85 corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 3% Green Notes. The number of shares underlying the Capped Calls is 33,549,508 share of Class A common stock. The cap price of the Capped Calls is initially $26.46 per share of Class A common stock, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sale price of our common stock on May 11, 2023.

The Capped Calls are freestanding financial instruments. We used a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the 3% Green Notes to pay for the Capped Calls’ premium. As the Capped Calls meet certain accounting criteria, they are recorded in stockholders’ equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The cost of $54.5 million incurred to purchase the Capped Calls was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and will not be remeasured.

Please refer to Part II, Item 8, Note 7 - Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements in our Annual Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, for discussion of our 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027 and 2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025.

10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027 - The outstanding unpaid principal balance of $57.6 million on the 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027 was called and retired at 104% during the three months ended June 30, 2023. The 4% premium of $2.3 million and unpaid accrued interest of $1.0 million were included in the final payment to the noteholders. We recognized loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.9 million as a result of redemption of the 10.25% Senior Secured Notes.

The current and non-current balance of the outstanding unpaid principal of the 10.25% Senior Secured Notes was $12.7 million and $48.9 million as of December 31, 2022, respectively.

Interest on the 10.25% Senior Secured Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $1.0 million and $2.7 million, respectively, including immaterial and $0.1 million amortization of issuance costs, respectively. Interest on the 10.25% Senior Secured Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $1.9 million and $3.8 million, respectively, including amortization of issuance costs of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

Interest on the 2.5% Green Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.0 million and $3.9 million, respectively, including amortization of issuance costs of $0.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Interest on the 2.5% Green Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $2.0 million and $3.9 million, respectively, including amortization of issuance costs of $0.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

Non-recourse Debt Facilities

Please refer to Part II, Item 8, Note 7 - Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements in our Annual Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 for discussion of our non-recourse debt.

The purchase and credit agreement for our 3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 2031 requires us to maintain a debt service reserve, the balance of which was $8.0 million and $8.0 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and was included as part of long-term restricted cash in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Repayment Schedule and Interest Expense

The following table presents details of our outstanding loan principal repayment schedule as of June 30, 2023 (in thousands):

Remainder of 2023	$	4,414
2024	11,483
2025	242,591
2026	15,356
2027	647,567
Thereafter	61,160
	$	982,571

Interest expense of $14.0 million and $25.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, was recorded in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Interest expense of $13.8 million and $27.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, was recorded in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

8. Leases

Facilities, Energy Servers, and Vehicles

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, rent expense for all occupied facilities was $5.7 million and $11.3 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, rent expense for all occupied facilities was $4.7 million and $9.2 million, respectively.

Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 1, 2	$	132,452	$	126,955
Current operating lease liabilities	(17,168)		(16,227)
Non-current operating lease liabilities	(137,667)		(132,363)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	(154,835)	$	(148,590)
Finance Leases:
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net 2, 3, 4	$	3,022	$	2,824
Current finance lease liabilities5	(1,136)		(1,024)
Non-current finance lease liabilities6	(2,074)		(1,971)
Total finance lease liabilities	$	(3,210)	$	(2,995)
Total lease liabilities	$	(158,045)	$	(151,585)

1 These assets primarily include leases for facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles.

2 Net of accumulated amortization.

3 These assets primarily include leases for vehicles.

4 Included in property, plant and equipment, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

5 Included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

6 Included in other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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The components of our facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles’ lease costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease costs	$	8,166	$	6,049	$	15,965	$	11,885
Financing lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	194		263		395		521
Interest on lease liabilities	69		52		131		105
Total financing lease costs	263		315		526		626
Short-term lease costs	733		167		1,177		241
Total lease costs	$	9,162	$	6,531	$	17,668	$	12,752

Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for our facilities, Energy Servers and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases	8.0 years		8.6 years
Finance leases	3.4 years		3.3 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	12.4	%	10.3	%
Finance leases	9.1	%	6.9	%

Future lease payments under lease agreements for our facilities, Energy Servers and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	15,929	$	694
2024	27,750		1,245
2025	27,753		795
2026	27,621		554
2027	26,305		369
Thereafter	97,794		72
Total minimum lease payments	223,152		3,729
Less: amounts representing interest or imputed interest	(68,317)		(519)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	154,835	$	3,210

Managed Services and Portfolio Financings Through PPA Entities

Managed Services - We recognized $8.5 million and $15.8 million of product revenue, $1.8 million and $4.8 million of installation revenue, $1.5 million and $2.7 million of financing obligations, and $3.8 million and $9.3 million of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. There were no successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

The recognized lease expense from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.3 million and $4.4 million, respectively. The recognized lease expense from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $1.3 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

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At June 30, 2023, future lease payments under the Managed Services Agreements financing obligations were as follows (in thousands):

	Financing Obligations
Remainder of 2023	$	22,819
2024	43,368
2025	42,358
2026	37,778
2027	21,441
Thereafter	37,237
Total minimum lease payments	205,001
Less: imputed interest	(109,937)
Present value of net minimum lease payments	95,064
Less: current financing obligations	(29,097)
Long-term financing obligations	$	65,967

The long-term financing obligations, as reflected in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, were $424.8 million and $442.1 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The difference between these obligations and the principal obligations in the table above will be offset against the carrying value of the related Energy Servers at the end of the lease and the remainder recognized as a gain at that point.

Portfolio Financings through PPA Entities - Customer arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2020 under Portfolio Financing arrangements through a PPA Entity that qualified as leases are accounted for as either sales-type leases or operating leases. Since January 1, 2020, we have not entered into any new PPAs with customers under such arrangements.

Future estimated operating lease payments we expect to receive from Portfolio Financing arrangements through PPA V Entity as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	10,458
2024	21,238
2025	21,630
2026	22,092
2027	22,566
Thereafter	85,009
Total minimum lease payments	$	182,993

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9. Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes the components of stock-based compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	5,067	$	4,767	$	9,228	$	8,627
Research and development	7,678		13,213		16,088		20,295
Sales and marketing	6,257		4,805		12,074		9,580
General and administrative	9,477		9,814		20,642		20,405
	$	28,479	$	32,599	$	58,032	$	58,907

Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under our stock plans during the reporting period:

	Outstanding Options
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	(in thousands, except weighted average exercise price and remaining contractual life)
Balances at December 31, 2022	8,748,309	$	20.70	4.6	$	40,532
Exercised	(208,404)	7.21
Expired	(214,405)	30.39
Balances at June 30, 2023	8,325,500	20.79		4.0	27,715
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2023	8,323,858	20.79		4.0	27,700
Exercisable at June 30, 2023	8,280,499	$	20.86	4.0	$	27,293

Stock Options - For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized $0.1 million and $0.2 million of stock-based compensation costs for stock options, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized $3.4 million and $5.5 million of stock-based compensation expense for stock options, respectively.

We did not grant options in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested stock options of $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. This cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average period of 0.7 years and 0.9 years, respectively. Cash received from stock options exercised totaled $0.7 million and $1.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. Cash received from stock options exercised totaled $0.3 million and $1.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

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Stock Award Activity

A summary of our stock awards activity and related information is as follows:

	Number of Awards Outstanding	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested Balance at December 31, 2022	9,549,035	$	19.99
Granted	4,469,242	18.57
Vested	(2,858,763)	18.31
Forfeited	(602,691)	21.43
Unvested Balance at June 30, 2023	10,556,823	$	19.76

Stock Awards - The estimated fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance-based stock units (“PSUs”) is based on the fair value of our Class A common stock on the date of grant. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized $23.0 million and $45.7 million of stock-based compensation costs for stock awards, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized $25.0 million and $46.0 million of stock-based compensation expense for stock awards, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $159.9 million and $135.7 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock awards, expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.2 years and 1.9 years, respectively.

Executive Awards

On February 15, 2023, the Company granted RSU and PSU awards (the “2023 Executive Awards”) to certain executive staff pursuant to the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan. The RSUs have time-based vesting schedules, started vesting on February 15, 2023 and shall vest over a three year period. PSUs started vesting on February 15, 2023 and have a three-year cliff vesting period. PSUs will vest based on a combination of time and achievement against performance metrics targets assuming continued employment and service through each vesting date. Stock-based compensation costs associated with the 2023 Executive Awards are recognized over the service period as we evaluate the probability of the achievement of the performance conditions.

The following table presents the stock activity and the total number of shares available for grant under our stock plans:

	Plan Shares Available for Grant
Balances at December 31, 2022	28,340,641
Added to plan	8,948,255
Granted	(4,399,477)
Cancelled/Forfeited	757,331
Expired	(188,617)
Balances at June 30, 2023	33,458,133

2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2018 ESPP”)

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized $5.9 million and $12.4 million of stock-based compensation costs for the 2018 ESPP, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized $4.4 million and $6.9 million of stock-based compensation costs for the 2018 ESPP, respectively.

We issued 449,525 and 420,689 shares in the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we added an additional 2,239,563 and 2,055,792 shares, respectively, and there were 15,630,754 and 13,840,716 shares available for issuance as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $14.9 million and $12.0 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation costs, expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.7 years and 0.6 years, respectively.

10. Portfolio Financings

Overview

We have developed various financing options that enable customers’ use of the Energy Servers through third-party ownership financing arrangements. For additional information on these financing options, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

PPA Entity’s Aggregate Assets and Liabilities

Generally, the assets of an operating company owned by an investment company can be used to settle only the operating company obligations, and the operating company creditors do not have recourse to us. The following were the aggregate carrying values of our VIE’s assets and liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, after eliminations of intercompany transactions and balances, including the PPA Entity in the PPA V transaction as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	694	$	5,008
Restricted cash	650		550
Accounts receivable	1,800		2,072
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	679		1,927
Total current assets	3,823		9,557
Property, plant and equipment, net	126,159		133,285
Restricted cash	8,000		8,000
Other long-term assets	1,635		1,869
Total assets	$	139,617	$	152,711
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	24	$	1,037
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	662		662
Non-recourse debt	10,814		13,307
Total current liabilities	11,500		15,006
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	4,420		4,748
Non-recourse debt	106,260		112,480
Total liabilities	$	122,180	$	132,234

We consolidated the PPA Entity as a VIE in the PPA V transaction, as we have determined that we are the primary beneficiary of this VIE. This PPA Entity contains debt that is non-recourse to us and owns Energy Server assets for which we do not have title.

11. Related Party Transactions

There have been no changes in related party relationships during the six months ended June 30, 2023. For information on our related party transactions, see Part II, Item 8, Note 12 - Related Party Transactions in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

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Our operations included the following related party transactions (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Total revenue from related parties	$	4,585	$	10,233	$	5,418	$	17,699

Below is the summary of outstanding related party balances as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accounts receivable	$	5,999	$	4,257

Debt to Related Parties

We had no material debt or convertible notes from investors considered to be related parties as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Purchase Commitments with Suppliers and Contract Manufacturers - In order to reduce manufacturing lead-times and to ensure an adequate supply of inventories, we have agreements with our component suppliers and contract manufacturers to allow long lead-time component inventory procurement based on a rolling production forecast. We are contractually obligated to purchase long lead-time component inventory procured by certain manufacturers in accordance with our forecasts. We can generally give notice of order cancellation at least 90 days prior to the delivery date. However, we issue purchase orders to our component suppliers and third-party manufacturers that may not be cancellable. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had no material open purchase orders with our component suppliers and third-party manufacturers that are not cancellable.

Performance Guarantees - We guarantee the performance of Energy Servers at certain levels of output and efficiency to our customers over the contractual term. We monitor the need for any accruals arising from such guaranties, which are calculated as the difference between committed and actual power output or between natural gas consumption at warranted efficiency levels and actual consumption, multiplied by the contractual rates with the customer. Amounts payable under these guaranties are accrued in periods when the guaranties are not met and are recorded contra service revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We paid $4.1 million and $19.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, for such performance guarantees. We paid $9.4 million and $9.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, for such performance guarantees.

Letters of Credit - In 2019, pursuant to the PPA II upgrade of Energy Servers, we agreed to indemnify our financing partner for losses that may be incurred in the event of certain regulatory, legal or legislative development and established a cash-collateralized letter of credit facility for this purpose. As of June 30, 2023, the balance of this cash-collateralized letter of credit was $47.4 million, of which $31.1 million and $16.3 million is recognized as short-term and long-term restricted cash, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the balance of this cash-collateralized letter of credit was $69.1 million, of which $40.6 million and $28.5 million is recognized as short-term and long-term restricted cash, respectively.

Pledged Funds - In 2019, pursuant to the PPA IIIb upgrade of Energy Servers, we established a restricted cash fund of $20.0 million, which had been pledged for a seven-year period to secure our operations and maintenance obligations with respect to the totality of our obligations to the financier. All or a portion of such funds would be released if we meet certain credit rating and/or market capitalization milestones prior to the end of the pledge period. If we do not meet the required criteria within the first five-year period, the funds would still be released to us over the following two years as long as the Energy Servers continue to perform in compliance with our warranty obligations. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance of the long-term restricted cash fund was $6.7 million and $6.7 million, respectively.

Contingencies

Indemnification Agreements - We enter into standard indemnification agreements with our customers and certain other business partners in the ordinary course of business. Our exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves future claims that may be made against us but have not yet been made. To date, we have not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to our indemnification obligations. However, we may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations.

Delaware Economic Development Authority - In March 2012, we entered into an agreement with the Delaware Economic Development Authority to provide a grant of $16.5 million to us as an incentive to establish a new manufacturing facility in Delaware and to provide employment for full time workers at the facility over a certain period of time. We have so far received $12.0 million of the grant, which is contingent upon meeting the milestones through September 30, 2023. In the event that we do not meet the milestones, we may have to repay the Delaware Economic Development Authority, up to an additional $2.5 million on September 30, 2023. We repaid $1.5 million and $1.0 million of the grant in 2017 and 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 the grant became current, and we have recorded $9.5 million in accrued expenses and other current liabilities for future repayments of this grant as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Investment Tax Credits - Our Energy Servers are eligible for federal ITCs that accrued to qualified property under Internal Revenue Code Section 48 when placed into service. However, the ITC program has operational criteria that extend for five years. If the energy property is disposed of or otherwise ceases to be qualified investment credit property before the close of the five-year recapture period is fulfilled, it could result in a partial reduction of the incentives. Energy Servers are purchased by the PPA Entities, other financial sponsors, or customers and, therefore, these parties bear the risk of repayment if the assets placed in service do not meet the ITC operational criteria in the future although in certain limited circumstances we do provide indemnification for such risk.

Legal Matters - We are involved in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. We review all legal matters at least quarterly and assess whether an accrual for loss contingencies needs to be recorded. We record an accrual for loss contingencies when management believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal matters are subject to uncertainties and are inherently unpredictable, so the actual liability in any such matters may be materially different from our estimates. If an unfavorable resolution were to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, results of operations or cash flows for the period in which the resolution occurs or in future periods.

In March 2019, the Lincolnshire Police Pension Fund filed a class action complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa Clara, against us, certain members of our senior management, certain of our directors and the underwriters in our July 25, 2018 IPO alleging violations under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act for alleged misleading statements or omissions in our Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC in connection with the IPO. Two related class action cases were subsequently filed in the Santa Clara County Superior Court against the same defendants containing the same allegations; Rodriquez vs Bloom Energy et al. was filed on April 22, 2019 and Evans vs Bloom Energy et al. was filed on May 7, 2019. These cases have been consolidated. Plaintiffs’ consolidated amended complaint was filed with the court on September 12, 2019. On October 4, 2019, defendants moved to stay the lawsuit pending the federal district court action discussed below. On December 7, 2019, the Superior Court issued an order staying the action through resolution of the parallel federal litigation mentioned below. We believe the complaint to be without merit and in contravention of our forum selection clause in our Restated Certificate of Incorporation and we intend to defend this action vigorously. We are unable to estimate any range of reasonably possible losses.

In May 2019, Elissa Roberts filed a class action complaint in the federal district court for the Northern District of California against us, certain members of our senior management team, and certain of our directors alleging violations under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act for alleged misleading statements or omissions in our Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC in connection with the IPO. On September 3, 2019, the court appointed a lead plaintiff and lead plaintiffs’ counsel. On November 4, 2019, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint adding the underwriters in the IPO and our auditor as defendants for the Section 11 claim, as well as adding claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), against us, and certain members of our senior management team. The amended complaint alleged a class period for all claims from the time of our IPO until September 16, 2019. On April 21, 2020, plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint, which continued to make the same claims and added allegations pertaining to the restatement and, as to claims under the Exchange Act, extended the putative class period through February 12, 2020. On July 1, 2020, we and the other defendants filed motions to dismiss the second amended complaint. On September 29, 2021, the court entered an order dismissing with leave to amend (1) five of seven statements or groups of statements alleged to violate Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act and (2) all allegations under the Exchange Act. All allegations against our auditors were also

dismissed. Plaintiffs elected not to amend the complaint and instead on October 22, 2021 filed a motion for entry of final judgment in favor of our auditors so that plaintiffs could appeal the dismissal of those claims. The court denied that motion on December 1, 2021 and in response plaintiffs filed a motion asking the court to certify an interlocutory appeal as to the accounting claims. The court denied plaintiffs’ motion on April 14, 2022. The claims for violation of Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act that were not dismissed by the court entered the discovery phase.

On January 6, 2023, Bloom and the plaintiffs’ entered into an agreement in principle to settle the claims against Bloom, its executives and directors, and the IPO underwriters for a payment of $3 million, which we expect to be funded entirely by our insurers. If the settlement becomes effective, we expect it to result in a dismissal with prejudice of all claims against us, our executives and directors, and the underwriters. The settlement does not constitute an acknowledgement of liability or wrongdoing. On June 30, 2023, Bloom and the plaintiff’s executed a definitive settlement agreement containing the foregoing terms and customary terms for class action settlements, and on the same date, filed the settlement agreement with the court to see its approval. If the court does not approve the settlement and all of its material terms, or the settlement does not otherwise become final or effective, proceedings in the action will continue.

In June 2021, we filed a petition for writ of mandate and a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief in the Santa Clara Superior Court against the City of Santa Clara for failure to issue building permits for two of our customer installations and asking the court to require the City of Santa Clara to process and issue the building permits. In October 2021, we filed an amended petition and complaint that asserts additional constitutional and tort claims based on the City’s failure to timely issue the Energy Server permits. Discovery has commenced and we are aggressively pursuing all claims. On February 4, 2022, the City of Santa Clara filed a demurrer seeking to dismiss all of the Company’s claims. The trial judge rejected the demurrer on all claims except one, and allowed Bloom leave to amend that claim. The second amended petition was filed on July 5, 2022. The City of Santa Clara demurred only to the amended cause of action seeking damages for tortious conduct. The trial judge granted that demurrer and struck the tort claim on October 27, 2022; the writ of mandate and constitutional claims were allowed to proceed. The parties are currently briefing the writ of mandate claims which seek immediate issuance of the building permits. On April 21, 2023, the parties executed a settlement agreement which allows our two pending customer installations to proceed under building permits and requires the City to amend its zoning code so that future installations of Bloom Energy Servers in Santa Clara require only building permits.

In February 2022, Plansee SE/Global Tungsten & Powders Corp. (“Plansee/GTP”), a former supplier, filed a request for expedited arbitration with the World Intellectual Property Organization Arbitration and Mediation Center in Geneva Switzerland (“WIPO”), for various claims allegedly in relation to an Intellectual Property and Confidential Disclosure Agreement between Plansee/GTP and Bloom Energy Corporation. Plansee/GTP’s statement of claims includes allegations of infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 8,802,328, 8,753,785 and 9,434,003. On April 3, 2022, we filed a complaint against Plansee/GTP in the Eastern District of Texas to address the dispute between Plansee/GTP and Bloom Energy Corporation in a proper forum before a U.S. Federal District Court. Our complaint seeks the correction of inventorship of U.S. Patent Nos. 8,802,328, 8,753,785 and 9,434,003 (the “Patents-in-Suit”); declaratory judgment of invalidity, unenforceability, and non-infringement of the Patents-in-Suit; and declaratory judgment of no misappropriation. Further, our complaint seeks to recover damages we have suffered in relation to Plansee/GTP’s business dealings that, as alleged, constitute acts of unfair competition, tortious interference contract, breach of contract, violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act and violations of the Clayton Antitrust Act. On June 9, 2022, Plansee/GTP filed a motion to dismiss the complaint filed in the Eastern District of Texas and compel arbitration (or alternatively to stay). We filed our opposition on June 30, 2022, Plansee/GTP filed its reply on July 14, 2022 and we filed our sur-reply on July 22, 2022. On February 9, 2023, Magistrate Judge Payne issued a report and recommendation to stay the district court action pending an arbitrability determination by the arbitrator for each claim.

On February 23, 2023, we filed an amended complaint adding additional causes of action and filed objections to the Magistrate’s report and recommendation. On April 26, 2023, Judge Gilstrap overruled our objections to the Magistrate’s report and recommendation and stayed the district court action pending arbitrability determinations by the arbitrator in the WIPO proceeding. The arbitration had been held in abeyance awaiting the District Court’s decision. A hearing by the arbitrator in WIPO on arbitrability took place on June 27, 2023. A decision is expected in the third quarter of 2023. Given that the District Court matter is stayed and the WIPO arbitration had been held in abeyance, the cases are still in their early stages. We are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of the arbitration and district court action at this time.

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13. Income Taxes

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded an income tax provisions of $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, on pre-tax losses of $68.9 million and $143.5 million for effective tax rates of (0.3)% and (0.3)%, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded an income tax benefit and income tax provision of $12 thousand and $0.6 million, respectively, on pre-tax losses of $121.2 million and $203.4 million for effective tax rates of 0.01% and (0.3)%, respectively.

The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was lower than the statutory federal tax rate primarily due to a full valuation allowance against U.S. deferred tax assets.

14. Net Loss per Share Available to Common Stockholders

Please refer to the condensed consolidated statements of operations for computation of our net loss per share available to common stockholders, basic and diluted.

The following common stock equivalents (in thousands) were excluded from the computation of our net loss per share available to common stockholders, diluted, for the three and six months presented as their inclusion would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Convertible notes	31,146	14,187	22,713	14,187
Redeemable convertible preferred stock	13,492	11,000	7,454	11,000
Stock options and awards	3,611	4,655	5,345	4,894
	48,249	29,842	35,512	30,081

15. SK ecoplant Strategic Investment

In October 2021, we expanded our existing relationship with SK ecoplant. As part of this arrangement, we amended the previous Preferred Distribution Agreement (“PDA”) and Joint Venture Agreement (“JVA”) with SK ecoplant. The restated PDA establishes SK ecoplant’s purchase commitments for our Energy Servers for the three year period on a take or pay basis as well as the basis for determining the prices at which the Energy Servers and related components will be sold. The restated JVA increases the scope of assembly done by the joint venture facility in the Republic of Korea, which was established in 2019, for the procurement of local parts for our Energy Servers and the assembly of certain portions of the Energy Servers for the South Korean market. The joint venture is a VIE of Bloom and we consolidate it in our financial statements as we are the primary beneficiary and therefore have the power to direct activities which are most significant to the joint venture.

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The following are the aggregate carrying values of the Korean joint venture’s assets and liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, after eliminations of intercompany transactions and balances, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,819	$	2,591
Accounts receivable	5,999		4,257
Inventories	11,586		13,412
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,475		2,645
Total current assets	23,879		22,905
Property and equipment, net	1,051		1,141
Operating lease right-of-use assets	2,358		2,390
Other long-term assets	45		47
Total assets	$	27,333	$	26,483
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	954	$	5,607
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	939		1,355
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	—		2
Operating lease liabilities	404		393
Total current liabilities	2,297		7,357
Operating lease liabilities	1,814		2,000
Non-recourse debt	1,533		—
Total liabilities	$	5,644	$	9,357

In October 2021, we also entered into a new Commercial Cooperation Agreement (the “CCA”) regarding initiatives pertaining to the hydrogen market and general market expansion for our products.

The Initial Investment

Simultaneous with the execution of the above agreements, we entered into the SPA pursuant to which we agreed to sell and issue to SK ecoplant 10,000,000 shares of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock (the “Series A RCPS”), par value $0.0001 per share, at a purchase price of $25.50 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $255.0 million. On December 29, 2021, the closing of the sale of the Series A RCPS was completed and we issued the 10,000,000 shares of the Series A RCPS (the “Initial Investment”). In addition to the Initial Investment, the SPA provided SK ecoplant with an option to acquire a variable number of shares of Class A Common Stock (the “Option”). According to the SPA, SK ecoplant was entitled to exercise the Option through August 31, 2023, and the transaction must have been completed by November 30, 2023.

The sale of Series A RCPS was recorded at its fair value of $218.0 million on the date of issuance. Accordingly, we allocated the excess of the cash proceeds received of $255.0 million plus the change in fair value of the Series A RCPS between October 23, 2021, and December 29, 2021, of $9.7 million, over the fair value of the Series A RCPS on December 29, 2021, and the fair value of the Option on October 23, 2021, to the PDA. This excess amounted to $37.0 million and was recorded in deferred revenue and customer deposits. Accordingly, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized product revenue of $3.5 million and $4.7 million, respectively, in connection with this arrangement. No product revenue was recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 in connection with this arrangement. As of December 31, 2022, the unrecognized amount of $24.6 million included $10.0 million in current deferred revenue and customer deposits and $14.6 million in non-current deferred revenue and customer deposits on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June

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30, 2023, the unrecognized amount of deferred revenue and customer deposits was reduced to zero as a result of the Second Tranche Closing (see details below in section “The Second Tranche Closing”).

PDA, JVA, CCA and the SPA entered into with SK ecoplant concurrently were evaluated as a combined contract in accordance with ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers and, to the extent applicable for separated components, under the guidance of Topic 815 Derivatives and Hedging and applicable subsections and ASC 480 Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.

We concluded that the Option was a freestanding financial instrument that should have been separately recorded at fair value on the date the SPA was executed.

On August 10, 2022, pursuant to the SPA, SK ecoplant notified us of its intent to exercise its option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock, pursuant to a Second Tranche Exercise Notice (as defined in the SPA) electing to purchase 13,491,701 shares at a purchase price of $23.05 per share (the “Second Tranche Closing”). As of December 31, 2022, this option was accounted for as the equity-classified forward contract.

For further information, see Part II, Item 8, Note 17 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

The Second Tranche Closing

On March 20, 2023, SK ecoplant entered into the Amended SPA with us, pursuant to which on March 23, 2023, we issued and sold to SK ecoplant 13,491,701 shares of non-voting Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B RCPS”), at a purchase price of $23.05 per share for cash proceeds of $311.0 million.

The Amended SPA triggered the modification of the equity-classified forward contract on Class A common stock, which resulted in the derecognition of the pre-modification fair value of the forward contract given to SK ecoplant of $76.2 million. The derecognition of the pre-modification fair value was recorded in additional paid-in capital in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023.

The Series B RCPS was accounted for as a stock award with liability and equity components. The liability component of the Series B RCPS was recognized at the redemption value of $311.0 million and the equity component of the Series B RCPS was recognized at its fair value of $16.1 million on March 20, 2023 and recorded in current liabilities and additional paid-in capital, respectively, in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023.

On March 20, 2023, in connection with the Amended SPA we also entered into the Loan Agreement, pursuant to which we have the option to draw on a loan from SK ecoplant with a maximum principal amount of $311.0 million, should SK ecoplant send a redemption notice to us under the Amended SPA. The Loan Agreement has a maturity of five years and bears an interest rate of 4.6%.

The Loan Agreement is a freestanding financial instrument; accordingly, we recognized a loan commitment asset at its fair value of $52.8 million, of which $5.3 million was classified as current and $47.5 million was classified as non-current in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023. The loan commitment asset will be amortized to interest expense during the term of the Loan Agreement starting on the date the loan is drawn upon. Should SK ecoplant elect not to redeem the Series B RCPS under the Amended SPA, the loan commitment asset will be expensed immediately and recognized in interest expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Amended SPA and the Loan Agreement provided us with cash proceeds of $311.0 million and a loan commitment asset of $52.8 million from SK ecoplant for total consideration of $363.8 million. In return, SK ecoplant received consideration of $403.3 million, comprising of the release from the obligation to close on the original transaction fair valued at $76.2 million, the obligation from us to issue the Series B RCPS at redemption value of $311.0 million, and the option to convert the Series B RCPS to Class A common stock, which has an estimated fair value of $16.1 million. The excess consideration provided by us amounted to $39.5 million, which resulted in a reduction of our deferred revenue and customer deposits by $24.6 million related to the Initial Investment, as of June 30, 2023. The net excess consideration of $14.9 million was recognized as $8.2 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $6.7 million was classified as other long-term assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023. The deferred expense is recognized as contra-revenue over the

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take or pay period based on an estimate of the revenue we expect to receive under the remaining term of the PDA. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the deferred expense recognized as contra-revenue was immaterial.

Description of Series B RCPS - The significant rights and preferences of the Series B RCPS are as follows:

Liquidation: Upon the liquidation or dissolution of Bloom, or a deemed liquidation event (which includes a change in control or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets), the holders of the Series B RCPS are entitled to receive in preference to the holders of the Common Stock, the greater of (i) their liquidation preference or (ii) an amount they would be entitled to receive on an as-converted basis. After payment of the liquidation preference to the holders of the Series B RCPS, our remaining assets are available for distribution to the holders of Common Stock on a pro rata basis.

Redemption rights: The Series B RCPS may be redeemed upon election of SK ecoplant at the redemption price per share of $311.0 million divided by the number of then outstanding shares of Series B RCPS, which shall be payable in one installment, commencing on a date not less than sixty days after and not more than ninety days after SK ecoplant deliver written notice of the redemption to the Company (the “Redemption Notice”). SK ecoplant shall not send the Redemption Notice until four months have passed from the Series B RCPS issue date and the delivery of the Redemption Notice shall be irrevocable. The Series B RCPS shall not be redeemable upon the election of the Company.

Conversion: The Series B RCPS are convertible at any time at SK ecoplant’s option into Class A common stock (subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits or combinations, and dividends or other distributions on the Class A Common Stock which are payable in shares of Class A Common Stock).

In addition, on the 6-month anniversary of the issuance date, the Series B RCPS shall automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock at the conversion price in effect at that time. The automatic conversion will not occur should SK ecoplant elect to redeem the Series B RCPS prior to six months after the original issuance date, but not earlier than four months have passed from the original issue date.

Protective provisions: Bloom is prohibited from the following actions without the affirmative vote of a majority of the holders of the Series B RCPS: (i) increasing the authorized number of shares of Series B RCPS; (ii) authorizing or creating any new class of stock that is senior to or on a parity with the Series B RCPS or increasing or decreasing the authorized number of shares of any such new class of stock; (iii) amending the rights, preferences or privileges of the Series B RCPS; and (iv) redeeming the Series B RCPS.

Voting and dividend rights: The holders of the Series B RCPS have no voting rights, except on matters related to the RCPS, and are not entitled to dividends.

16. Subsequent Events

There have been no material subsequent events that occurred during the period subsequent to the date of these condensed consolidated financial statements that would require adjustment to our disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements as presented.

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ITEM 2 - MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs, and certain assumptions made by management. For example, forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, our expectations regarding our products, services, business strategies, our expanded strategic partnership with SK ecoplant, operations, supply chain (including any direct or indirect effects from the Russia-Ukraine war or geopolitical developments in China), new markets, government incentive programs, impact of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) on our business, growth of the hydrogen market and the sufficiency of our cash and our liquidity. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “future,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “designs,” “plans,” “predicts,” “targets,” “forecasts,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may” and similar terms. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management at the time they are made. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results, outcomes and the timing of certain events to differ materially from results or outcomes expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those factors discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in Part II, Item 1A of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023 and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You should review these risk factors for a more complete understanding of the risks associated with an investment in our securities. Such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

Description of Bloom Energy

Our mission is to make clean, reliable energy affordable for everyone in the world. We created the first large-scale, commercially viable solid oxide fuel-cell based power generation platform that empowers businesses, essential services, critical infrastructure and communities to responsibly take charge of their energy.

Our technology, invented in the United States, is one of the most advanced electricity and hydrogen producing technologies on the market today. Our fuel-flexible Bloom Energy Servers can use biogas, hydrogen, natural gas, or a blend of fuels to create resilient, sustainable and cost-predictable power at significantly higher efficiencies than traditional, combustion-based resources. In addition, our same solid oxide platform that powers our fuel cells can be used to create hydrogen, which is increasingly recognized as a critically important tool for the decarbonization of the energy economy. Our enterprise customers include some of the largest multinational corporations in the world. We also have strong relationships with some of the largest utility companies in the United States and the Republic of Korea.

At Bloom Energy, we look forward to a net-zero future. Our technology is designed to help enable this future by delivering reliable, low-carbon electricity in a world facing unacceptable levels of power disruptions. Our resilient platform has kept electricity available for our customers through hurricanes, earthquakes, typhoons, forest fires, extreme heat and grid failures. Unlike traditional combustion power generation, our platform is community-friendly and designed to significantly reduce emissions of criteria air pollutants. We have made tremendous progress towards renewable fuel production through our biogas, hydrogen and electrolyzer programs, and we believe that we are well-positioned as a core platform and fixture in the new energy paradigm to help organizations and communities achieve their net-zero objectives.

We market and sell our Energy Servers primarily through our direct sales organization in the United States, and we also have direct and indirect sales channels internationally. Recognizing that deploying our solutions requires a significant financial commitment, we have developed a number of financing options to support sales of our Energy Servers to customers who lack the financial capability to purchase our Energy Servers directly, and who may prefer to finance the acquisition using third-party financing or to contract for our services on a pay-as-you-go model.

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Our typical target commercial or industrial customer has historically been either an investment-grade entity or a customer with investment-grade attributes such as size, assets and revenue, liquidity, geographically diverse operations and general financial stability. We have also expanded our product and financing options to below-investment-grade customers and have also expanded internationally to target customers with deployments on a wholesale grid. Given that our customers are typically large institutions with multi-level decision making processes, we generally experience a lengthy sales process.

Strategic Investment

For information on the strategic investment with SK ecoplant, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Liquidity section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and Part I, Item 1, Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment.

Certain Factors Affecting our Performance

Energy Market Conditions

The global energy transition to a zero-carbon environment has created new challenges and opportunities for utilities, suppliers of energy solutions and customers. Shifts and uncertainty in market and regulatory dynamics and corporate and governmental policies are currently impacting the selling process and extending sales cycles and timelines for the Company’s natural gas-, biogas- and hydrogen-related products. Increasing electricity rates, decreasing energy reliability, and delays in the development of transmission infrastructure and grid interconnection have led to increased customer interest in our power solutions, but at the same time natural gas supply and pricing concerns due to geopolitical stresses and resulting market changes as well as increasing focus on sustainability targets have led to increased caution from customers. The increased use of renewable power generation and weather effects of climate change have exacerbated aging grid fragilities, increased the occurrence of power outages, created grid transmission shortages and lengthened already extensively delayed interconnection cycles. Low- and zero-carbon sources of baseload energy have also been curtailed and even banned in some locations, forcing utilities, states and countries to revisit less clean sources of baseload and intermediate power in an attempt to ensure energy reliability. This supply and demand mismatch globally has threatened energy security reliability, reduced the availability of energy and increased the cost of energy.

Bloom’s power solutions enable customers to address these energy market challenges by offering fuel flexible solutions that are designed to provide cost predictable, resilient, reliable energy in a timely fashion. As customers and utilities navigate the energy transition and evolving landscape, the ability of our power solutions to fit their economic, regulatory and policy needs depends on a number of factors, including natural gas availability and pricing, electrical interconnection needs and availability, cost requirements and sustainability profile. Even in those situations where the time to power from the utility is years away in light of the need to build out energy transmission infrastructure, these factors still may impact a customer’s buying decision. For example, the rising cost of natural gas, limited availability of natural gas supply, as well as disruptions to the world gas markets has increased the cost of our power solutions for the end customers and, in certain cases where there is a lack of fuel supply, a complete inability to operate the systems. In the United States, in particular, the lack or slow development of pipeline infrastructure is impacting the timing of customers being able to take advantage of our power solution opportunities. In certain jurisdictions in the United States and Europe, natural gas bans have been enacted that prevent the use of our power solutions unless alternative fuels are available. In addition, there is a growing hesitancy by potential customers to purchase our power solutions to run on natural gas. Increasingly, customers want a zero-carbon solution for power, and, although our power solutions are designed to run on biofuels or hydrogen (in addition to natural gas) and help our customers achieve their sustainability goals, these fuels continue to have very limited availability and, for most customers, are not yet economical. This impetus by customers to use zero-carbon solutions today, combined with the current lack of availability of zero-carbon fuels, is impacting our power solution selling opportunities. Many of our potential data center and industrial customers are pursuing greenfield opportunities where the development cycle is long and the uncertainty of these factors is leading to a more difficult customer decision-making process and longer sales cycles.

Corporate procurement policy is also undergoing change that creates uncertainty; while some customers are increasingly focused on decarbonizing their own direct energy supply, including aligning the timing of their zero-carbon power generation with their energy consumption, others are shifting to prioritize overall carbon emissions from the energy system, both of which are impacting our sales.

The regulatory environment for energy solutions continues to shift. In South Korea, the government recently moved to an auction process for a fuel cell purchases, which may impact demand for our power solutions until alternative fuels are available. In the United States, the investment tax credit (ITC) for fuel cells running on a non-zero carbon fuel currently expires at the end of 2024. In Ireland, which is a large data center market, a directive from the Minister of the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications to restrict grid connections to data centers and other large power users, along with a halt in high-pressure gas installations has delayed our selling activities in Ireland. Delays in adoption of Renewable Fuel Standard

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regulations in the United States for the use of biogas to generate electricity for electric vehicles, and minimal governmental focus on utilization of biogas outside of its direct use by methane-fueled vehicles, have created uncertainty in prospects for broader biogas availability for industrial uses, including our power solutions.

Significant governmental interest, investment and stimulation of clean hydrogen in the U.S., Europe and in many other regions across the globe have not yet had significant impacts on demand for hydrogen. To date, while the number of proposed hydrogen production projects has grown rapidly, only a small fraction have reached final investment decision (FID) stage, and an even smaller fraction have been deployed. In addition, the infrastructure needed to transport hydrogen, whether through pipelines or maritime or land-based tankers, is currently only sufficient for existing uses, and has not begun to be extended for anticipated future uses, with hydrogen blending and other approaches remaining at pilot stages.

All of these factors have impacted the selling cycles for our electrolyzer product and power solutions. Our revenue, margins and cash flow in any given year are largely dependent on bookings during the prior year. If a substantial portion of our anticipated bookings for the remainder of 2023 is delayed beyond the end of this year, our revenue, margins and cash flow could be materially adversely impacted in 2024.

Supply Chain Constraints

We continue to see effects from global supply chain tightness due to the current inflationary environment, war in Ukraine and trade tensions between the United States and China. While we have not experienced any significant component shortages to date, we are facing pressures from longer lead times. These dynamics could worsen as a result of continued geopolitical instability. In the event we are unable to mitigate the impacts of delays and/or price increases in raw materials, components, it could delay the manufacturing and installation of our Energy Servers and increase the costs of our Energy Servers, which would adversely impact our cash flows and results of operations, including our revenues and gross margin. We expect these supply chain challenges to continue in the short term.

Manufacturing and Labor Market Constraints

As recently as 2022, we experienced impacts from labor shortages and challenges in hiring for our manufacturing facilities. While these constraints abated in the first half of 2023, and we continue to dedicate resources to supporting our capacity expansion efforts, we may still experience difficulties with hiring and retention, particularly for our new manufacturing facility in Fremont, California, and may face additional labor shortages in the future. In addition, the current inflationary environment has led to rising wages and labor costs as well as increased competition for labor. In the event these constraints return and we are unable to continue to mitigate the impacts of these challenges, it could delay the manufacturing and installation of our Energy Servers or Electrolyzers and we may be unable to meet customer demand, which could adversely impact our cash flows and results of operations, including our revenues and gross margin.

Customer Financing Constraints

Our ability to obtain financing for our Energy Servers depends partially on the creditworthiness of our customers, and deterioration of our customers’ credit ratings can impact the financing for their use of our Energy Servers. Regional banking and financial institution instability, such as the failure of Silicon Valley Bank in the first quarter of 2023, may make it more difficult for our customers to obtain financing. We continue to work on obtaining the financing required for our 2023 installations, but if we are unable to secure such financing, our revenue, cash flow and liquidity could be materially impacted. We expect that in the United States, the IRA and the transferability of tax credits, should make the financing market more robust.

Installations and Maintenance of Energy Servers

In the first half of 2023, our installation projects experienced some delays relating to, among other things, permitting, utility delays and access to customer facilities. However, these delays were not significant for our business.

If we are delayed in or unable to perform maintenance, our previously installed Energy Servers would likely experience adverse performance impacts, including reduced output and/or efficiency, which could result in warranty and/or guaranty claims by our customers. Further, due to the nature of our Energy Servers, if we are unable to replace worn parts in accordance with our standard maintenance schedule, we may incur higher costs in the future. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we experienced no delays in servicing our Energy Servers.

Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”)

We are committed to a goal of providing consistent returns to our stockholders while maintaining a strong sense of good corporate citizenship that places a high value on the environment, welfare of our employees, the communities in which we

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operate, the customers we serve, and the world as a whole. We believe that prioritizing, improving, and managing our ESG related risks, opportunities and programs help us to better create long-term value for our investors.

In April 2023, we released our 2022 Sustainability Report, Advancing the Mission of Decarbonization (the “Sustainability Report”), using generally accepted ESG frameworks and standards, including alignment with Sustainability Accounting Standards Board standards and the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures recommendations. In addition, the Sustainability Report also utilized certain Global Reporting Initiative standards and was mapped against the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We plan to issue a sustainability report on an annual basis.

Our mission is to make clean, reliable energy affordable for everyone in the world. To that end, we strive to empower businesses and communities to responsibly take charge of their energy while addressing both the causes and consequences of climate change. We aim to serve our customers with products that are resilient, providing uninterrupted power with predictable pricing over the long-term, while addressing sustainability issues by developing an increasingly broad portfolio of solutions for decarbonization.

The Sustainability Report can be found on our website at https://www.bloomenergy.com/sustainibility.

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

For information on the IRA, which was signed into law on August 16, 2022, and its impact on our business, see Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 – New and Expanded Production and Tax Credits for Manufacturers and Projects to Support Clean Energy section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We raised cash and supplemented liquidity through financing activities with SK ecoplant in the first quarter of 2023 and issuing the 3% Green Notes due June 2028 in the second quarter of 2023. At the same time, we increased our working capital spend. In the first half of 2023, we built up inventory in preparation for more expected shipments in the second half of 2023. This enabled us to level load production and gain manufacturing efficiency. In addition, we entered into new leases in Delaware intended to expand our warehouse space to store more inventory to meet the anticipated increase in demand in the second half of 2023 and beyond. Inventory is expected to decrease in the second half of 2023 as we ship our Energy Servers.

On March 20, 2023, we entered into the Amended SPA, with SK ecoplant, pursuant to which we issued and sold to SK ecoplant 13,491,701 shares of Series B RCPS for cash proceeds of $311.0 million.

On March 20, 2023, in connection with the Amended SPA, we also entered into the Loan Agreement, pursuant to which we may draw down on a loan from SK ecoplant with a maximum principal amount of $311.0 million, should SK ecoplant send a redemption notice to us under the Amended SPA or otherwise reduce any portion of its current holdings of our Class A common stock. The Loan Agreement has a maturity of five years and bears an interest rate of 4.6%. The proceeds of the loan can be used by us for working capital and general corporate purpose needs. There were no amounts outstanding under the Loan Agreement as of June 30, 2023.

For further information on the strategic investment with SK ecoplant, see Part I, Item 1, Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment.

On May 16, 2023, we issued the 3% Green Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $632.5 million due June 2028, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted, resulting in net cash proceeds of $616.7 million. On June 1, 2023, we used approximately $60.9 million of the net proceeds from this offering to redeem all of the outstanding principal amount of our 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027. The redemption price equaled 104% of the principal amount redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest. We also used approximately $54.5 million of the net proceeds from the offering to purchase the Capped Calls. For additional information, please see Part I, Item 1, Note 7 - Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements.

For further information on issuance of 3% Green Notes and redemption of our 10.25% Senior Secured Notes, please see Part I, Item 1, Note 7 - Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements.

As of June 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $767.1 million. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less, including money market funds. We maintain these balances with high credit quality counterparties, regularly monitor the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer and diversify our investments in order to minimize our credit risk.

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As of June 30, 2023, we had $839.2 million of recourse debt, $118.6 million of non-recourse debt and $9.4 million of other long-term liabilities. As of June 30, 2023, the current portion of our total debt was $10.8 million, and consisted entirely of outstanding non-recourse debt. For a complete description of our outstanding debt, please see Part I, Item 1, Note 7 - Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements.

The combination of our cash and cash equivalents and cash flow to be generated by our operations is expected to be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash flow needs for at least the next 12 months. If these sources of cash are insufficient or are not received in a timely manner to satisfy our near-term or future cash needs, we may require additional capital from equity or debt financings to fund our operations, and in particular our manufacturing capacity, product development and market expansion requirements, to timely respond to competitive market pressures or strategic opportunities, or otherwise. We may, from time to time, engage in a variety of financing transactions for such purposes, including factoring our accounts receivable. However, we may not be able to secure timely additional financing on favorable terms, or at all. The terms of any additional financing may place limits on our financial and operating flexibility. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or equity-linked securities, our existing stockholders could suffer dilution in their percentage ownership of us, and any new securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending on research and development efforts and other business initiatives, the rate of growth in the volume of system builds and the need for additional manufacturing space, the expansion of sales and marketing activities both in domestic and international markets, market acceptance of our products, our ability to secure financing for customer use of our Energy Servers, the timing of installations and of inventory build in anticipation of future sales and installations, and overall economic conditions. In order to support and achieve our future growth plans, we may need or seek advantageously to obtain additional funding through an equity or debt financing. Failure to obtain this financing or financing in future quarters may affect our results of operations, including our revenues and cash flows.

A summary of our consolidated sources and uses of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash was as follows (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	$	(361,195)	$	(98,514)
Investing activities	(46,125)		(44,728)
Financing activities	811,826		(56,946)

Net cash provided by (used in) our PPA Entities, which are incorporated into the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, was as follows (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
PPA Entities ¹
Net cash provided by PPA operating activities	$	5,579	$	92,085
Net cash used in PPA financing activities	(9,793)		(99,297)

1 The PPA Entities’ operating and financing cash flows are a subset of our consolidated cash flows and represent the stand-alone cash flows prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Operating activities consist principally of cash used to run the operations of the PPA Entities, the purchase of Energy Servers from us and principal reductions in loan balances. Financing activities consist primarily of changes in debt carried by our PPAs, and payments from and distributions to noncontrolling partnership interests. We believe this presentation of net cash provided by (used in) PPA activities is useful to provide the reader with the impact to consolidated cash flows of the PPA Entities in which we have only a minority interest.

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Operating Activities

Our operating activities consisted of net loss adjusted for certain non-cash items plus changes in our operating assets and liabilities or working capital. Net cash used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $361.2 million, an increase of $262.7 million compared to the prior year period. The increase in cash used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period was primarily due to an increase in working capital of $306.0 million due to an increase in accounts receivable triggered by the timing of revenue transactions and corresponding collections, the increase in inventory levels to support future demand, and the timing of payments to vendors, partially offset by an improvement in our net loss.

Investing Activities

Our investing activities have consisted of capital expenditures, including investments to increase our production capacity. We expect to continue such investing activities as our business grows. Cash used in investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $46.1 million, an increase of $1.4 million compared to the prior year period, and was primarily due to expenditures on tenant improvements for a newly leased engineering and manufacturing building in Fremont, California, opened in July 2022. We expect to continue to make capital expenditures over the next few quarters to prepare our new manufacturing facility in Fremont, California, for production, which includes the purchase of new equipment and other tenant improvements. We intend to fund these capital expenditures from cash on hand as well as cash flow to be generated from operations. We may also evaluate and arrange equipment lease financing to fund these capital expenditures.

Financing Activities

Historically, our financing activities consisted of borrowings and repayments of debt, proceeds and repayments of financing obligations, distributions paid to noncontrolling interests, contributions from noncontrolling interests, and proceeds from the issuances of our common stock. Net cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $811.8 million, an increase of $868.8 million compared to the prior year period, and was primarily due to the net proceeds from the issuance of the 3% Green Notes of $632.5 million, the proceeds from the issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock as part of the SK ecoplant Second Tranche Closing of $311.0 million, contribution from noncontrolling interest of $7.0 million and the proceeds from the issuance of common stock of $9.3 million, partially offset by our repayment of debt of $72.9 million, purchases of the Capped Calls of $54.5 million, payment of debt issuance costs related to the issuance of the 3% Green Notes of $15.8 million, and repayment of financing obligations of $8.7 million.

Please refer to Part I, Item 1, Note 7 - Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Liquidity - Our indebtedness, and restrictions imposed by the agreements governing our and our PPA Entities’ outstanding indebtedness, may limit our financial and operating activities and may adversely affect our ability to incur additional debt to fund future needs, and We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to meet our debt service obligations or our growth plans section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 for more information regarding the terms of and risks associated with our debt.

Purchase and Financing Options

For information about our purchase and financing options, see Part II, Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Purchase and Financing Options section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Performance Guarantees

As of June 30, 2023, we had incurred no liabilities due to failure to repair or replace Energy Servers pursuant to any performance warranties made under operations and maintenance agreements (“O&M Agreements”). For O&M Agreements that are subject to renewal, our future service revenue from such agreements are subject to our obligations to make payments for underperformance against the performance guaranties, which are capped at an aggregate total of approximately $548.4 million (including $422.5 million related to portfolio financing entities and $125.9 million related to all other transactions, and include payments for both low output and low efficiency) and our aggregate remaining potential liability related to these underperformance obligations was approximately $482.5 million as of June 30, 2023. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we made performance guarantee payments of $19.9 million.

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International Channel Partners

There were no significant changes in our international channel partners during the six months ended June 30, 2023. For information on international channel partners, see Part II, Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, International Channel Partners section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Key Operating Metrics - Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

For a description of the key operating metrics we use to evaluate business activity, to measure performance, to develop financial forecasts and to make strategic decisions, see Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Key Operating Metrics section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Product Acceptances

The product and megawatts accepted in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Change			Six Months Ended June 30,		Change
	2023	2022	Amount	%		2023	2022	Amount	%
Product accepted	606	471	135	28.7	%	1,118	846	272	32.2	%
Megawatts accepted, net	61	47	14	28.7	%	112	85	27	32.2	%

Product accepted increased approximately 135 systems, or 28.7%, which is the equivalent of 14 megawatts, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. Acceptance volume increased as demand increased for the Bloom Energy servers.

Product accepted increased approximately 272 systems, or 32.2%, which is the equivalent of 27 megawatts, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. Acceptance volume increased as demand increased for the Bloom Energy servers.

The increase in acceptances of 112 megawatts achieved from December 31, 2022 to June 30, 2023 was added to our installed base and, therefore, increased our total megawatts accepted, net, from 973 megawatts to 1,085 megawatts.

Purchase Options

Our customers have several purchase options for our Energy Servers. The portion of acceptances attributable to each purchase option in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Direct purchase (including third-party PPAs and international channels)	97	%	100	%	97	%	100	%
Traditional lease	3	%	—	%	3	%	—	%

The portion of total revenue attributable to each purchase option in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:

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	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Direct purchase (including third-party PPAs and international channels)	89	%	89	%	87	%	88	%
Traditional lease	1	%	1	%	1	%	1	%
Managed services	8	%	6	%	9	%	6	%
Portfolio financings	2	%	4	%	3	%	5	%

Costs Related to Our Products

Total product related costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change				Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Amount		%		2023		2022		Amount		%
Product costs of product accepted in the period	$2,106/kW		$2,462/kW		($356/kW)		(14.5)	%	$2,189/kW		$2,506/kW		($317/kW)		(12.6)	%
Period costs of manufacturing related expenses not included in product costs (in thousands)	$	17,479	$	13,489	$	3,990	29.6	%	$	30,073	$	23,176	$	6,897	29.8	%
Installation costs on product accepted in the period	$443/kW		$355/kW		$88/kW		24.8	%	$463/kW		$349/kW		$114/kW		32.7	%

Product costs of product accepted decreased approximately $356 per kilowatt, or 14.5%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. This decrease in cost was primarily driven by our ongoing efforts to reduce material costs, cost reduction programs with our vendors and reduction in labor and overhead costs through increased volume, improved processes and automation at our manufacturing facilities.

Product costs of product accepted decreased $317 per kilowatt, or 12.6%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. This decrease in cost was primarily driven by our ongoing efforts to reduce material costs, cost reduction programs with our vendors and reduction in labor and overhead costs through increased volume, improved processes and automation at our manufacturing facilities.

Period costs of manufacturing related expenses increased approximately $4.0 million, or 29.6%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. Our period costs of manufacturing related expenses increased primarily as a result of costs incurred to support capacity expansion efforts, which are expected to be brought online in future periods.

Period costs of manufacturing related expenses increased approximately $6.9 million, or 29.8%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. Our period costs of manufacturing related expenses increased primarily as a result of costs incurred to support capacity expansion efforts, which are expected to be brought online in future periods.

Installation costs on product accepted increased approximately $88 per kilowatt, or 24.8%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. This increase in cost was primarily driven by the change in the mix of sites requiring Bloom installation. Each customer site is different and installation costs can vary due to a number of factors, including site complexity, size, and location of gas, among other factors. As such, installation on a per kilowatt basis can vary significantly from period to period. In addition, some customers handle their own installation for which we incur little to no installation cost.

Installation costs on product accepted increased approximately $114 per kilowatt, or 32.7%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. This increase in cost was primarily driven by the change in the mix of sites requiring Bloom installation. Each customer site is different and installation costs can vary due to a number of factors, including site complexity, size, and location of gas, among other factors. As such, installation on a per kilowatt basis can vary significantly from period to period. In addition, some customers handle their own installation for which we incur little to no installation cost.

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Results of Operations

A discussion regarding the comparison of our financial condition and results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is presented below.

Revenue

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change				Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Amount		%		2023		2022		Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Product	$	214,706	$	173,625	$	41,081	23.7	%	$	408,451	$	307,172	$	101,279	33.0	%
Installation	24,321		12,729		11,592		91.1	%	44,846		26,282		18,564		70.6	%
Service	42,298		38,426		3,872		10.1	%	82,961		73,665		9,296		12.6	%
Electricity	19,770		18,456		1,314		7.1	%	40,028		37,156		2,872		7.7	%
Total revenue	$	301,095	$	243,236	$	57,859	23.8	%	$	576,286	$	444,275	$	132,011	29.7	%

Total Revenue

Total revenue increased by $57.9 million, or 23.8%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was driven by a $41.1 million increase in product revenue, a $11.6 million increase in installation revenue, a $3.9 million increase in service revenue, and a $1.3 million increase in electricity revenue.

Total revenue increased by $132.0 million, or 29.7%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was driven by a $101.3 million increase in product revenue, a $18.6 million increase in installation revenue, a $9.3 million increase in service revenue, and a $2.9 million increase in electricity revenue.

Product Revenue

Product revenue increased by $41.1 million, or 23.7%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. The product revenue increase was driven primarily by a 28.7% increase in product acceptances resulting from higher demand for our products, partially offset by revenue recognized from the PPA IIIa Upgrade of $36.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

Product revenue increased by $101.3 million, or 33.0%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. The product revenue increase was driven primarily by a 32.2% increase in product acceptances resulting from higher demand for our products, partially offset by revenue recognized from the PPA IIIa Upgrade of $36.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Installation Revenue

Installation revenue increased by $11.6 million, or 91.1%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase in installation revenue was driven by the change in the mix of product acceptances requiring installations by us in the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Installation revenue increased by $18.6 million, or 70.6%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase in installation revenue was primarily driven by the change in the mix of product acceptances requiring installations by us in the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Service Revenue

Service revenue increased by $3.9 million, or 10.1%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was primarily due to the 28.7% increase in product acceptances and the $9.0 million increase in maintenance contracts associated with the increase in our fleet of Energy Servers, offset by the impact of product performance guarantees of $8.8 million.

Service revenue increased by $9.3 million, or 12.6%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was primarily due to the 32.2% increase in product acceptances and the $20.2 million increase in

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maintenance contracts associated with the increase in our fleet of Energy Servers, offset by the impact of product performance guarantees of $16.4 million and $1.0 million decrease related to state incentives.

Electricity Revenue

Electricity revenue includes both revenue from contracts with customers and revenue from contracts that contain leases.

Electricity revenue increased by $1.3 million, or 7.1%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period due to the increase in installed units as a result of the increase in Managed Services transactions recorded between the third quarter of fiscal year 2021 and the second quarter of fiscal year 2023.

Electricity revenue increased by $2.9 million, or 7.7%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period primarily due to the increase in installed units as a result of the increase in Managed Services transactions recorded between the third quarter of fiscal year 2021 and the second quarter of fiscal year 2023.

Cost of Revenue

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change				Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Amount		%		2023		2022		Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Product	$	145,146	$	129,419	$	15,727	12.2	%	$	274,759	$	235,161	$	39,598	16.8	%
Installation	26,879		16,730		10,149		60.7	%	51,979		29,503		22,476		76.2	%
Service	57,263		41,028		16,235		39.6	%	108,507		82,854		25,653		31.0	%
Electricity	15,457		58,029		(42,572)		(73.4)	%	30,424		70,790		(40,366)		(57.0)	%
Total cost of revenue	$	244,745	$	245,206	$	(461)	(0.2)	%	$	465,669	$	418,308	$	47,361	11.3	%

Total Cost of Revenue

Total cost of revenue decreased by $0.5 million, or 0.2%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period primarily driven by a $42.6 million decrease in cost of electricity revenue offset by a $16.2 million increase in cost of service revenue, a $15.7 million increase in cost of product revenue, and a $10.1 million increase in cost of installation revenue.

Total cost of revenue increased by $47.4 million, or 11.3%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period primarily driven by a $39.6 million increase in cost of product revenue, a $25.7 million increase in cost of service revenue, a $22.5 million increase in cost of installation revenue, offset by a $40.4 million decrease in cost of electricity revenue.

Cost of Product Revenue

Cost of product revenue increased by $15.7 million, or 12.2%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. The cost of product revenue increase was driven by a 28.7% increase in product offset by a lower cost per unit attributable to our ongoing efforts to reduce material costs, cost reduction programs with our vendors and reduction in labor and overhead costs through increased volume, improved processes and automation at our manufacturing facilities.

Cost of product revenue increased by $39.6 million, or 16.8%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. The cost of product revenue increase was driven by a 32.2% increase in product acceptances offset by a lower cost per unit attributable to our ongoing efforts to reduce material costs, cost reduction programs with our vendors and reduction in labor and overhead costs through increased volume, improved processes and automation at our manufacturing facilities.

Cost of Installation Revenue

Cost of installation revenue increased by $10.1 million, or 60.7%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was driven by the change in the mix of product acceptances requiring Bloom Energy installations, as more sites had installation costs in the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period.

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Cost of installation revenue increased by $22.5 million, or 76.2%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was driven by the change in the mix of product acceptances requiring Bloom Energy installations, as more sites had installation costs in the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period.

Cost of Service Revenue

Cost of service revenue increased by $16.2 million, or 39.6%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was primarily due to the deployment of field replacement units, partially offset by cost reductions and our actions to proactively manage fleet optimizations.

Cost of service revenue increased by $25.7 million, or 31.0%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was primarily due to the deployment of field replacement units, partially offset by cost reductions and our actions to proactively manage fleet optimizations.

Cost of Electricity Revenue

Cost of electricity revenue includes both cost of revenue from contracts with customers and cost of revenue from contracts that contain leases.

Cost of electricity revenue decreased by $42.6 million, or 73.4%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period, primarily due to the write-off of old Energy Servers of $44.8 million as a result of the PPA IIIa Upgrade in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022.

Cost of electricity revenue decreased by $40.4 million, or 57.0%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period, primarily due to the write-off of old Energy Servers of $44.8 million as a result of the PPA IIIa Upgrade in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022.

Gross Profit (Loss) and Gross Margin

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change		Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
	2023			2022					2023			2022
	(dollars in thousands)
Gross profit (loss):
Product	$	69,560		$	44,206		$	25,354	$	133,692		$	72,011		$	61,681
Installation	(2,558)			(4,001)			1,443		(7,133)			(3,221)			(3,912)
Service	(14,965)			(2,602)			(12,363)		(25,546)			(9,189)			(16,357)
Electricity	4,313			(39,573)			43,886		9,604			(33,634)			43,238
Total gross profit (loss)	$	56,350		$	(1,970)		$	58,320	$	110,617		$	25,967		$	84,650
Gross margin:
Product	32		%	25		%			33		%	23		%
Installation	(11)		%	(31)		%			(16)		%	(12)		%
Service	(35)		%	(7)		%			(31)		%	(12)		%
Electricity	22		%	(214)		%			24		%	(91)		%
Total gross margin	19		%	(1)		%			19		%	6		%

Total Gross Profit

Gross profit improved by $58.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This change was predominantly due to a $43.9 million increase in electricity gross profit, a $25.4 million increase in product gross profit, primarily driven by a 28.7% increase in product acceptances resulting from higher demand in existing markets, partially offset by a $12.4 million decrease in service gross profit, and an increase in product acceptances by resulting from higher demand in existing markets. Other factors contributing to the gross profit improvement were (1) our ongoing cost reduction efforts to reduce material costs, (2) our reduction in labor and overhead unit cost through increased volume, and (3) improved processes and automation at our manufacturing facilities.

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Gross profit improved by $84.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This change was predominantly due to a $61.7 million increase in product gross profit, primarily driven by a 32.2% increase in product acceptances resulting from higher demand in existing markets, a $43.2 million increase in electricity gross profit due to a $40.4 million decrease in the cost of electricity revenue, offset by the $3.9 million and $16.4 million decrease in installation gross profit and service gross profit, respectively. Other factors contributing to the gross profit improvement were (1) our ongoing cost reduction efforts to reduce material costs, (2) our reduction in labor and overhead unit cost through increased volume, and (3) improved processes and automation at our manufacturing facilities.

Product Gross Profit

Product gross profit increased by $25.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. The increase is primarily driven by an 28.7% increase in product acceptances and our ongoing cost reduction efforts to reduce material costs and our reduction in labor and overhead unit cost through increased volume, improved processes and automation at our manufacturing facilities, partially offset by the gross profit from sale of new Energy Servers of $21.0 million as a result of the PPA IIIa Upgrade in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022.

Product gross profit increased by $61.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. The improvement is primarily driven by a 32.2% increase in product acceptances and our ongoing cost reduction efforts to reduce material costs and our reduction in labor and overhead unit cost through increased volume, improved processes and automation at our manufacturing facilities, partially offset by the gross profit from sale of new Energy Servers of $21.0 million as a result of the PPA IIIa Upgrade in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022.

Installation Gross Loss

Installation gross loss improved by $1.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period driven by the change in site mix and other site related factors such as site complexity, size, local ordinance requirements and location of the utility interconnect.

Installation gross loss worsened by $3.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This change was primarily driven by the change in site mix and other site related factors such as site complexity, size, local ordinance requirements and location of the utility interconnect.

Service Gross Loss

Service gross loss worsened by $12.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This was primarily due to deployments of field replacement units and the impact of product performance guarantees offset by cost reductions and our actions to proactively manage fleet optimizations.

Service gross loss worsened by $16.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This was primarily due to deployments of field replacement units and the impact of product performance guarantees offset by cost reductions and our actions to proactively manage fleet optimizations.

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Electricity Gross Profit (Loss)

Electricity gross loss improved by $43.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period mainly due to a 73.4% decrease in the cost of electricity revenue, as a result of the write-off of old Energy Servers from the PPA IIIa Upgrade of $44.8 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, and an increase in installed units driven by Manages Services transactions recorded between the third quarter of fiscal year 2021 and the second quarter of fiscal year 2023.

Electricity gross profit increased by $43.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period mainly due to a 57.0% decrease in the cost of electricity revenue, as a result of the write-off of old Energy Servers from the PPA IIIa Upgrade of $44.8 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, and an increase in installed units driven by Manages Services transactions recorded between the third quarter of fiscal year 2021 and the second quarter of fiscal year 2023.

Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change				Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Amount		%		2023		2022		Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Research and development	$	41,493	$	41,614	$	(121)	(0.3)	%	$	87,183	$	76,140	$	11,043	14.5	%
Sales and marketing	26,822		20,475		6,347		31.0	%	53,933		41,809		12,124		29.0	%
General and administrative	42,491		38,114		4,377		11.5	%	87,638		75,850		11,788		15.5	%
Total operating expenses	$	110,806	$	100,203	$	10,603	10.6	%	$	228,754	$	193,799	$	34,955	18.0	%

Total Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses increased by $10.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was primarily attributable to our continued investment in our workforce to support our growth, our investment in business development, and increases in office, facility and travel expenses.

Total operating expenses increased by $35.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was primarily attributable to our continued investment in R&D capabilities to support our technology roadmap, our continued investment in our workforce to support our growth, our investment in business development, and increases in office, facility and travel expenses.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses decreased by $0.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This decrease was primarily driven by a $2.1 million decrease in employee compensation, offset by increases in laboratory supplies and materials, outside services, and other research and development costs of $1.0 million, $0.3 million, and $0.4 million, respectively.

Research and development expenses increased by $11.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in laboratory supplies and material of $3.6 million, an increase in employee compensation and benefits of $3.3 million, as well as increases in outside services of $0.6 million, travel and entertainment expenses of $0.4 million, and other expenses of $2.8 million.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $6.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in employee compensation and benefits of $3.6 million to expand our U.S. and international sales force, and an increase in outside services of $2.7 million.

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $12.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in employee compensation and benefits of $7.9 million to expand our U.S. and international sales force, and an increase in outside services of $3.6 million.

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General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses increased by $4.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in employee compensation and benefits of $2.8 million, a $0.8 million increase in office and facility expenses, and a $0.5 million increase in technology expenses.

General and administrative expenses increased by $11.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in employee compensation and benefits of $6.3 million and office and facility expenses of $5.8 million, partially offset by a decrease in other general and administrative expenses.

Stock-Based Compensation

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change				Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Amount		%		2023		2022		Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	5,067	$	4,767	$	300	6.3	%	$	9,228	$	8,627	$	601	7.0	%
Research and development	7,678		13,213		(5,535)		(41.9)	%	16,088		20,295		(4,207)		(20.7)	%
Sales and marketing	6,257		4,805		1,452		30.2	%	12,074		9,580		2,494		26.0	%
General and administrative	9,477		9,814		(337)		(3.4)	%	20,642		20,405		237		1.2	%
Total stock-based compensation	$	28,479	$	32,599	$	(4,120)	(12.6)	%	$	58,032	$	58,907	$	(875)	(1.5)	%

Total stock-based compensation for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the prior year period decreased by $4.1 million primarily driven by modified awards in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, offset by the efforts to expand our employee base across all of the Company’s functions.

Total stock-based compensation for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the prior year period decreased by $0.9 million primarily driven by a decrease in option expense from six months ended June 30, 2022, whereby existing options were either exercised, expired or cancelled. This decrease is offset by an increase in ESPP expense and the efforts to expand our employee base across all of the Company’s functions.

Other Income and Expense

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change		Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2023		2022				2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Interest income	$	4,357	$	196	$	4,161	$	6,352	$	255	$	6,097
Interest expense	(13,953)		(13,814)		(139)		(25,699)		(27,901)		2,202
Other expense, net	(740)		(1,191)		451		(2,083)		(4,218)		2,135
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(2,873)		(4,233)		1,360		(2,873)		(4,233)		1,360
(Loss) gain on revaluation of embedded derivatives	(1,216)		38		(1,254)		(1,099)		569		(1,668)
Total	$	(14,425)	$	(19,004)	$	4,579	$	(25,402)	$	(35,528)	$	10,126

Interest Income

Interest income is derived from investment earnings on our cash balances primarily from money market funds. The increase in interest income of $4.2 million and $6.1 million was due to the increase in cash balances for money market funds for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period.

Interest Expense

Interest expense is from our debt held by third parties.

47

Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period increased by $0.1 million. This increase was primarily due to interest expense related to 3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 30, 2031, issued on May 16, 2023, offset by lower interest expense as a result of the redemption on June 1, 2023, of 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027 and the repayment of the 7.5% Term Loan due September 2028 and 6.07% Senior Secured Notes due March 2030 on June 14, 2022, and November 22, 2022, respectively.

Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period decreased by $2.2 million. This decrease was primarily due to the repayment of the 7.5% Term Loan due September 2028 and 6.07% Senior Secured Notes due March 2030 on June 14, 2022, and November 22, 2022, respectively, as well as the redemption on June 1, 2023, of 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027, offset by interest expense related to 3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 30, 2031, issued on May 16, 2023.

Other Expense, net

Other expense, net is primarily derived from investments in joint ventures, the impact of foreign currency transactions, and adjustments to fair value for derivatives.

Other expense, net for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period decreased by $0.5 million primarily as a result of the loss on remeasurement of our equity investment in the Bloom Energy Japan joint venture of $2.0 million recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2022, partially offset by foreign currency transactions and a gain on the revaluation of the Option to purchase Class A common stock.

Other expense, net for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period decreased by $2.1 million primarily as a result of the loss on remeasurement of our equity investments of $3.5 million recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2022, partially offset by foreign currency transactions and a gain on the revaluation of the Option to purchase Class A common stock.

Loss on Extinguishment of debt

Loss on extinguishment of debt for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.9 million, which was recognized as a result of redemption on June 1, 2023, of 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027, and comprised of repayment of the 4% premium upon redemption of $2.3 million and debt issuance costs write off of $0.6 million.

Loss on extinguishment of debt for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $4.2 million, which was recognized as a result of repayment of 7.5% Term Loan due September 2028 as part of the PPA IIIa Upgrade.

(Loss) Gain on Revaluation of Embedded Derivatives

Gain on revaluation of embedded derivatives is derived from the change in fair value of our sales contracts of embedded EPP derivatives valued using historical grid prices and available forecasts of future electricity prices to estimate future electricity prices.

Gain on revaluation of embedded derivatives for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period decreased by $1.3 million due to the change in fair value of our embedded EPP derivatives in our sales contracts and payment of $3.2 million to one of our customers in the second quarter of financial year 2023.

Gain on revaluation of embedded derivatives for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period decreased by $1.7 million due to the change in fair value of our embedded EPP derivatives in our sales contracts and payment of $3.2 million to one of our customers in the second quarter of financial year 2023.

48

Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change				Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Amount		%		2023		2022		Amount		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	$	(2,998)	$	(2,365)	$	(633)	26.8	%	$	(6,348)	$	(6,453)	$	105	(1.6)	%
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	$	—	$	—	$	—	—	%	—		(300)		$	300	(100.0)	%

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests is the result of allocating profits and losses to noncontrolling interests under the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method. HLBV is a balance sheet-oriented approach for applying the equity method of accounting when there is a complex structure, such as the flip structure of the PPA Entities.

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period changed by $0.6 million predominantly due to a decrease in gain in joint venture in the Republic of Korea, which is allocated to our noncontrolling interest.

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period changed by $0.1 million due to a lower losses in our PPA Entities, which are allocated to our noncontrolling interest. Change in net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year period was $0.3 million.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses and related disclosures. Our discussion and analysis of our financial results under Results of Operations above are based on our results of operations, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements, we make assumptions, judgments and estimates that can affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and net income. On an ongoing basis, we base our estimates on historical experience, as appropriate, and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Changes in the accounting estimates are representative of estimation uncertainty and are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected. We believe that the following critical accounting policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity than our other accounting policies. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to understanding and evaluating the consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

The accounting policies that most frequently require us to make assumptions, judgments and estimates, and therefore are critical to understanding our results of operations, include:

•Revenue Recognition;

•Valuation of Assets and Liabilities of the SK ecoplant Strategic Investment;

•Incremental Borrowing Rate by Lease Class;

•Stock-Based Compensation;

•Income Taxes;

•Principles of Consolidation; and

•Allocation of Profits and Losses of Consolidated Entities to Noncontrolling Interests.

49

Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 provides a more complete discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates.

ITEM 3 - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There were no significant changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk during the six months ended June 30, 2023. Please refer to Part II, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 for a more complete discussion of the market risks we consider.

ITEM 4 - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (our Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (our Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of June 30, 2023. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of June 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, which were identified in connection with management’s evaluation required by paragraphs (d) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

For further information on controls and procedures, see Part II, Item 9A, Controls and Procedures in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

50

Part II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are, and from time to time we may become, involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. For a discussion of our legal proceedings, see Part I, Item 1, Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies. We are not presently a party to any other legal proceedings that in the opinion of our management and if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows.

ITEM 1A - RISK FACTORS

Except as discussed in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, there were no material changes in our risk factors as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

ITEM 2 - UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Except as previously disclosed in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 16, 2023, no unregistered sales of our equity securities were made during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

ITEM 3 - DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4 - MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5 - OTHER INFORMATION

(c) Trading Plans

During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, no director or Section 16 officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (in each case, as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).

51

ITEM 6 - EXHIBITS

			Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number		Description	Form	File No.	Exhibit	Filing Date
3.1		Restated Certificate of Incorporation	10-Q	001-38598	3.1	9/7/2018
3.2		Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation	10-Q	001-38598	3.1	8/9/2022
3.3		Certificate of Withdrawal of Certificate of Designation of Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock	10-Q	001-38598	3.3	5/9/2023
3.4		Certificate of Designation of Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock	8-K	001-38598	3.1	3/23/2023
3.5		Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Designation of Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock	8-K	001-38598	3.1	4/18/2023
3.6		Amended and Restated Bylaws, as effective February 15, 2023	8-K	001-38598	3.1	2/17/2023
4.1		Indenture, dated as of May 16, 2023, between Bloom Energy Corporation and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee	8-K	001-38598	4.1	5/16/2023
4.2		Form of certificate representing the 3.00% Green Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.1)	8-K	001-38598	4.2	5/16/2023
10.1		Form of Confirmation of Call Option Transaction, between Bloom Energy Corporation and each Option Counterparty	8-K	001-38598	10.1	5/16/2023
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002				Filed herewith
31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002				Filed herewith
32.1	*	Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002				Furnished herewith
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document- the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document				Filed herewith
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document				Filed herewith
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document				Filed herewith
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document				Filed herewith
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document				Filed herewith
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document				Filed herewith
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

52

* The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto are deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. 

			BLOOM ENERGY CORPORATION
Date:	August 3, 2023	By:	/s/ KR Sridhar
			KR Sridhar
			Founder, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and Director
			(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:	August 3, 2023	By:	/s/ Gregory Cameron
			Gregory Cameron
			President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

53

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND RULE 15d-14(a)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, KR Sridhar, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter period ended June 30, 2023 of Bloom Energy Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	August 3, 2023	By:	/s/ KR Sridhar
			KR Sridhar
			Founder, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and Director
			(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND RULE 15d-14(a)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Gregory Cameron, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter period ended June 30, 2023 of Bloom Energy Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	August 3, 2023	By:	/s/ Gregory Cameron
			Gregory Cameron
			President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The following certifications are hereby made in connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter period ended June 30, 2023 of Bloom Energy Corporation (the “Company”) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”):

I, KR Sridhar, Founder, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and Director, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	August 3, 2023	By:	/s/ KR Sridhar
			KR Sridhar
			Founder, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and Director
			(Principal Executive Officer)

I, Gregory Cameron, President and Chief Financial Officer, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	August 3, 2023	By:	/s/ Gregory Cameron
			Gregory Cameron
			President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

XML

Cover Page - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Aug. 01, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38598
Entity Registrant Name	BLOOM ENERGY CORP
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	77-0565408
Entity Address, Address Line One	4353 North First Street
Entity Address, City or Town	San Jose
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	95134
City Area Code	408
Local Phone Number	543-1500
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value
Trading Symbol	BE
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001664703
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false
Class A common stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		209,421,735
Class B common stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		0

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	[1]	$ 767,055	$ 348,498
Restricted cash	[1]	45,811	51,515
Accounts receivable less allowance for doubtful accounts of $119 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	[1]	351,021	250,995
Contract assets		35,182	46,727
Inventories	[1]	468,266	268,394
Deferred cost of revenue		53,982	46,191
Loan commitment asset		5,259	0
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	[1]	49,823	43,643
Total current assets		1,776,399	1,055,963
Property, plant and equipment, net	[1]	606,007	600,414
Operating lease right-of-use assets	[1]	132,452	126,955
Restricted cash	[1]	109,678	118,353
Deferred cost of revenue		4,407	4,737
Loan commitment asset		47,533	0
Other long-term assets	[1]	43,426	40,205
Total assets		2,719,902	1,946,627
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	[1]	194,503	161,770
Accrued warranty		14,906	17,332
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	[1]	113,848	144,183
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	[1]	137,704	159,048
Operating lease liabilities	[1]	17,168	16,227
Financing obligations		29,097	17,363
Recourse debt		0	12,716
Non-recourse debt	[1]	10,814	13,307
Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock		310,508	0
Total current liabilities		828,548	541,946
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	[1]	26,226	56,392
Operating lease liabilities	[1]	137,667	132,363
Financing obligations		424,811	442,063
Recourse debt	[1]	839,223	273,076
Non-recourse debt	[1]	107,793	112,480
Other long-term liabilities		9,399	9,491
Total liabilities		2,373,667	1,567,811
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock: $0.0001 par value; Class A shares - 600,000,000 shares authorized and 193,506,252 shares and 189,864,722 shares issued and outstanding and Class B shares - 600,000,000 shares authorized and 15,675,130 shares and 15,799,968 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		20	20
Additional paid-in capital		4,011,900	3,906,491
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(2,053)	(1,251)
Accumulated deficit		(3,702,111)	(3,564,483)
Total equity attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders		307,756	340,777
Noncontrolling interest		38,479	38,039
Total stockholders’ equity		346,235	378,816
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity		$ 2,719,902	$ 1,946,627

[1] 1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 119	$ 119
Common Class A and B
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Class A common stock
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	600,000,000	600,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	193,506,252	189,864,722
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	193,506,252	189,864,722
Class B common stock
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	600,000,000	600,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	15,675,130	15,799,968
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	15,675,130	15,799,968

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 301,095	$ 243,236	$ 576,286	$ 444,275
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	244,745	245,206	465,669	418,308
Gross profit (loss)	56,350	(1,970)	110,617	25,967
Operating expenses:
Research and development	41,493	41,614	87,183	76,140
Sales and marketing	26,822	20,475	53,933	41,809
General and administrative	42,491	38,114	87,638	75,850
Total operating expenses	110,806	100,203	228,754	193,799
Loss from operations	(54,456)	(102,173)	(118,137)	(167,832)
Interest income	4,357	196	6,352	255
Interest expense	(13,953)	(13,814)	(25,699)	(27,901)
Other expense, net	(740)	(1,191)	(2,083)	(4,218)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(2,873)	(4,233)	(2,873)	(4,233)
(Loss) gain on revaluation of embedded derivatives	(1,216)	38	(1,099)	569
Loss before income taxes	(68,881)	(121,177)	(143,539)	(203,360)
Income tax provision (benefit)	178	(12)	437	552
Net loss	(69,059)	(121,165)	(143,976)	(203,912)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(2,998)	(2,365)	(6,348)	(6,453)
Net loss attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	(66,061)	(118,800)	(137,628)	(197,459)
Less: Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	0	0	0	(300)
Net loss before portion attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest and noncontrolling interest	$ (66,061)	$ (118,800)	$ (137,628)	$ (197,159)
Net loss per share available to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.32)	$ (0.67)	$ (0.66)	$ (1.11)
Net loss per share available to Class A and Class B common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.32)	$ (0.67)	$ (0.66)	$ (1.11)
Weighted average shares used to compute net loss per share available to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic (in shares)	208,692	178,507	207,714	177,852
Weighted average shares used to compute net loss per share available to Class A and Class B common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	208,692	178,507	207,714	177,852
Product
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 214,706	$ 173,625	$ 408,451	$ 307,172
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	145,146	129,419	274,759	235,161
Installation
Revenue:
Total revenue	24,321	12,729	44,846	26,282
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	26,879	16,730	51,979	29,503
Service
Revenue:
Total revenue	42,298	38,426	82,961	73,665
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	57,263	41,028	108,507	82,854
Electricity
Revenue:
Total revenue	19,770	18,456	40,028	37,156
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	$ 15,457	$ 58,029	$ 30,424	$ 70,790

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (69,059)	$ (121,165)	$ (143,976)	$ (203,912)
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(722)	(594)	(993)	(747)
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes	(722)	(594)	(993)	(747)
Comprehensive loss	(69,781)	(121,759)	(144,969)	(204,659)
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(3,019)	(2,462)	(6,539)	(6,550)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	(66,762)	(119,297)	(138,430)	(198,109)
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	0	0	0	(300)
Comprehensive loss before portion attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest and noncontrolling interest	$ (66,762)	$ (119,297)	$ (138,430)	$ (197,809)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Total	Total Equity Attributable to Class A and Class B Common Stockholders	Class A and Class B Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Accumulated Deficit	Noncontrolling Interest
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021				176,460,407
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021		$ (1,827)	$ (44,326)	$ 18	$ 3,219,081	$ (350)	$ (3,263,075)	$ 42,499
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of restricted stock awards (in shares)				1,789,639
ESPP purchase (in shares)				420,689
ESPP purchase		5,981	5,981		5,981
Exercise of stock options (in shares)				243,062
Exercise of stock options		1,317	1,317		1,317
Stock-based compensation		58,382	58,382		58,382
Distributions and payments to noncontrolling interests		(4,415)	(500)		(500)			(3,915)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(747)	(650)			(650)		(97)
Net loss	[1]	(203,612)	(197,159)				(197,159)	(6,453)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022				178,913,797
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022		(144,921)	(176,955)	$ 18	3,284,261	(1,000)	(3,460,234)	32,034
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022				177,995,695
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022		(54,756)	(90,791)	$ 18	3,251,128	(503)	(3,341,434)	36,035
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of restricted stock awards (in shares)				824,702
Exercise of stock options (in shares)				93,400
Exercise of stock options		337	337		337
Stock-based compensation		32,796	32,796		32,796
Distributions and payments to noncontrolling interests		(1,539)						(1,539)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(594)	(497)			(497)		(97)
Net loss		(121,165)	(118,800)				(118,800)	(2,365)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022				178,913,797
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022		(144,921)	(176,955)	$ 18	3,284,261	(1,000)	(3,460,234)	32,034
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022				205,664,690
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022		378,816	340,777	$ 20	3,906,491	(1,251)	(3,564,483)	38,039
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of restricted stock awards (in shares)				2,858,763
ESPP purchase (in shares)				449,525
ESPP purchase		7,756	7,756		7,756
Exercise of stock options (in shares)				208,404
Exercise of stock options		1,502	1,502		1,502
Stock-based compensation		58,286	58,286		58,286
Derecognition of the pre-modification forward contract fair value		76,242	76,242		76,242
Equity component of redeemable convertible preferred stock, Series B		16,145	16,145		16,145
Contributions from noncontrolling interest		6,979						6,979
Purchase of capped call related to convertible notes		(54,522)	(54,522)		(54,522)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(993)	(802)			(802)		(191)
Net loss		(143,976)	(137,628)				(137,628)	(6,348)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023				209,181,382
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023		346,235	307,756	$ 20	4,011,900	(2,053)	(3,702,111)	38,479
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023				208,333,645
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023		433,834	399,315	$ 20	4,036,697	(1,352)	(3,636,050)	34,519
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of restricted stock awards (in shares)				753,859
Exercise of stock options (in shares)				93,878
Exercise of stock options		733	733		733
Stock-based compensation		28,992	28,992		28,992
Contributions from noncontrolling interest		6,979						6,979
Purchase of capped call related to convertible notes		(54,522)	(54,522)		(54,522)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(722)	(701)			(701)		(21)
Net loss		(69,059)	(66,061)				(66,061)	(2,998)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023				209,181,382
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023		$ 346,235	$ 307,756	$ 20	$ 4,011,900	$ (2,053)	$ (3,702,111)	$ 38,479

[1] Excludes $300 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest.Note: Beginning redeemable noncontrolling interest of $300 - Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest of $300 = ending redeemable noncontrolling interest of Nil.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss attributable to redeemable NCI	$ 300
Beginning redeemable noncontrolling interest	300
Ending redeemable noncontrolling interest	$ 0

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (143,976)	$ (203,912)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	35,668	30,697
Non-cash lease expense	16,184	8,800
Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment	196	(523)
Revaluation of derivative contracts	1,099	1,680
Write-off of assets related to PPA IIIa	0	44,800
Stock-based compensation	55,845	57,774
Amortization of warrants and debt issuance costs	1,786	1,651
Loss on extinguishment of debt	2,873	4,233
Unrealized foreign currency exchange loss	1,512	2,276
Other	0	3,487
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(99,951)	8,938
Contract assets	11,544	(8,173)
Inventories	(197,346)	(62,824)
Deferred cost of revenue	(7,544)	(8,995)
Customer financing receivable	0	2,510
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,958	(5,813)
Other long-term assets	3,415	0
Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities	(15,447)	2,422
Finance lease liabilities	736	48
Accounts payable	35,894	50,585
Accrued warranty	(2,426)	0
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(35,719)	(18,017)
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	(26,766)	(10,158)
Other long-term liabilities	(730)	0
Net cash used in operating activities	(361,195)	(98,514)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(46,150)	(44,728)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	25	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(46,125)	(44,728)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt	634,018	0
Payment of debt issuance costs	(15,828)	0
Repayment of debt of PPA IIIa	0	(30,212)
Debt make-whole payment related to PPA IIIa debt	0	(2,413)
Repayment of recourse debt	(72,852)	(10,729)
Proceeds from financing obligations	2,702	0
Repayment of financing obligations	(8,728)	(16,475)
Distributions and payments to noncontrolling interests	0	(4,415)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	9,258	5,981
Proceeds from exercise of options	0	1,317
Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock	310,957	0
Contributions from noncontrolling interest	6,979	0
Purchase of capped call related to convertible notes	(54,522)	0
Other	(158)	0
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	811,826	(56,946)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalent and restricted cash	(328)	(747)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	404,178	(200,935)
Beginning of period	518,366	615,114
End of period	922,544	414,179
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for interest	22,345	25,938
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	15,318	4,387
Operating cash flows from finance leases	509	462
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	950	982
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of customer financing receivable to property, plant and equipment, net	0	42,758
Liabilities recorded for property, plant and equipment, net	4,790	15,988
Recognition of operating lease right-of-use asset during the year-to-date period	14,037	11,192
Recognition of finance lease right-of-use asset during the year-to-date period	736	0
Derecognition of the pre-modification forward contract fair value	76,242	0
Equity component of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock	$ 16,145	$ 0

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Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business

For information on the nature of our business, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Nature of Business section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Liquidity

We have generally incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception. With the series of new debt offerings, debt extensions and conversions to equity that we completed during 2022 and the first half of 2023, we had $839.2 million of total outstanding recourse debt as of June 30, 2023, which was classified as long-term debt.

On March 20, 2023, we entered into an Amendment (the “Amended SPA”) to the Securities Purchase Agreement with SK ecoplant, dated October 23, 2021 (the “SPA”), and the Investor Agreement, dated December 29, 2021, pursuant to which we issued and sold to SK ecoplant 13,491,701 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock (the “Series B RCPS”) for cash proceeds of $311.0 million. For additional information, please see Part I, Item 1, Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment.

On March 20, 2023, in connection with the Amended SPA we also entered into a Shareholders’ Loan Agreement with SK ecoplant (the “Loan Agreement”), pursuant to which we may draw down on a loan from SK ecoplant with a maximum principal amount of $311.0 million, should SK ecoplant send a redemption notice to us under the Amended SPA or otherwise reduce any portion of its current holdings of our Class A common stock. The Loan Agreement has a maturity of five years and bears an interest rate of 4.6%. The proceeds of the loan may be used by us for working capital and general corporate purpose needs.

On May 16, 2023, we issued 3% Green Convertible Senior Notes (the “3% Green Notes”) in an aggregate principal amount of $632.5 million due June 2028, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted, less the initial purchasers’ discount of $15.8 million and other issuance costs of $3.8 million, resulting in net proceeds of $612.9 million. On June 1, 2023, we used approximately $60.9 million of the net proceeds from this offering to redeem all of the outstanding principal amount of our 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027. The redemption price equaled 104% of the principal amount redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest. For additional information, please see Part I, Item 1, Note 7 - Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending on research and development efforts and other business initiatives, the rate of growth in the volume of system builds and the need for additional manufacturing space, the expansion of sales and marketing activities both in domestic and international markets, market acceptance of our product, our ability to secure financing for customer use of our Energy Servers, the timing of installations, and overall economic conditions, including the inflationary pressure in the US on our ongoing and future operations. The rising interest rate environment in the US has and will continue to adversely impact the cost of new capital deployment.

In the opinion of management, the combination of our existing cash and cash equivalents and expected timing of operating cash flows is expected to be sufficient to meet our operational and capital cash flow requirements and other cash flow needs for the next 12 months from the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 – New and Expanded Production and Tax Credits for Manufacturers and Projects to Support Clean Energy

For information on the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) signed into law on August 16, 2022, and its impact on our business, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Basis of Presentation

We have prepared the condensed consolidated financial statements included herein pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Principles of Consolidation

For information on the principles of consolidation, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Principles of Consolidation section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Business Combinations

For information on the business combinations, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Business Combinations section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Use of Estimates

For information on the use of accounting estimates, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Use of Estimates section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Concentration of Risk

Geographic Risk - The majority of our revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was attributable to operations in the United States and, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, to operations in the Republic of Korea. A major portion of our long-lived assets is attributable to operations in the United States for all periods presented. In addition to shipments in the US and the Republic of Korea, we also ship our Energy Servers to other countries, primarily, Japan and India (the markets of the Republic of Korea, Japan and India, collectively referred to as the “Asia Pacific region”). In the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, total revenue related to shipments to the Asia Pacific region was 27% and 17%, respectively. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, total revenue related to shipments to the Asia Pacific region was 62% and 63%, respectively.

Credit Risk - At June 30, 2023, two customers accounted for approximately 65% and 19% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2022, one customer represented approximately 75% of accounts receivable. To date, we have not experienced any credit losses.

Customer Risk - During the three months ended June 30, 2023, revenue from three customers accounted for approximately 39%, 22%, and 12% of our total revenue. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, three customers represented approximately 40%, 13%, and 12% of our total revenue.

During the three months ended June 30, 2022, two customers represented approximately 57% and 16% of our total revenue. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, two customers represented approximately 45% and 15% of our total revenue.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Please refer to the accounting policies described in Part II, Item 8, Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There have been no significant changes in our reported financial position or results of operations and cash flows resulting from the adoption of new accounting pronouncements.

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Revenue Recognition

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Contract Balances

The following table provides information about accounts receivables, contract assets, customer deposits and deferred revenue from contracts with customers (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accounts receivable	$	351,021	$	250,995
Contract assets	35,182		46,727
Customer deposits	78,820		121,085
Deferred revenue	85,110		94,355

Contract assets relate to contracts for which revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of performance obligations, but where billing milestones have not been reached. Customer deposits and deferred revenue include payments received from customers or invoiced amounts prior to transfer of controls of performance obligations. At December 31, 2022, customer deposits included $24.6 million related to transactions with SK ecoplant and refundable fees received from customers. At June 30, 2023 there were no customer deposits related to transactions with SK ecoplant (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment).

Contract assets and contract liabilities are reported in a net position on an individual contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Contract assets are classified as current in the condensed consolidated balance sheets when both the milestones other than the passage of time, are expected to be complete and the customer is invoiced within one year of the balance sheet date, and as long-term when both the above-mentioned milestones are expected to be complete, and the customer is invoiced more than one year out from the balance sheet date. Contract liabilities are classified as current in the condensed consolidated balance sheets when the revenue recognition associated with the related customer payments and invoicing is expected to occur within one year of the balance sheet date and as long-term when the revenue recognition associated with the related customer payments and invoicing is expected to occur in more than one year from the balance sheet date.

Contract Assets

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Beginning balance	$	47,778	$	13,533	$	46,727	$	25,201
Transferred to accounts receivable from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period	(23,228)		(1,387)		(27,404)		(15,963)
Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period	10,632		21,228		15,859		24,136
Ending balance	$	35,182	$	33,374	$	35,182	$	33,374

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue activity, including deferred incentive revenue activity, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Beginning balance	$	87,848	$	103,489	$	94,355	$	115,476
Additions	265,408		182,067		490,346		348,744
Revenue recognized	(268,146)		(189,179)		(499,591)		(367,843)
Ending balance	$	85,110	$	96,377	$	85,110	$	96,377

Deferred revenue is equivalent to the total transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, as of the end of the period. Primary component of deferred revenue at the end of the period consists of performance obligations relating to the provision of maintenance services under current contracts and future renewal periods. Some of these obligations provide customers with material rights over a period that we estimate will be largely commensurate with the period of their expected use of the associated Energy Server. As a result, we expect to recognize these amounts as revenue over a period of up to 21 years, predominantly on a relative standalone selling price basis that reflects the cost of providing these services. Deferred revenue also includes performance obligations relating to product acceptance and installation. A significant amount of this deferred revenue is reflected as additions and revenue recognized in the same 12-month period, and a portion of this deferred revenue is expected to be recognized beyond 12-month period mainly due to deployment schedules.

We do not disclose the value of the unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

Disaggregated Revenue

We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers into four revenue categories: product, installation, services and electricity (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Product revenue	$	214,706	$	173,625	$	408,451	$	307,172
Installation revenue	24,321		12,729		44,846		26,282
Services revenue	42,298		38,426		82,961		73,665
Electricity revenue	3,966		2,794		7,804		5,476
Total revenue from contract with customers	285,291		227,574		544,062		412,595
Revenue from contracts that contain leases:
Electricity revenue	15,804		15,662		32,224		31,680
Total revenue	$	301,095	$	243,236	$	576,286	$	444,275

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Financial Instruments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Financial Instruments

Financial Instruments

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The carrying values of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash approximate fair values and were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
As Held:
Cash	$	307,575	$	226,463
Money market funds	614,969		291,903
	$	922,544	$	518,366
As Reported:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	767,055	$	348,498
Restricted cash	155,489		169,868
	$	922,544	$	518,366

Restricted cash consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Current:
Restricted cash	$	45,161	$	50,965
Restricted cash related to PPA Entity1	650		550
	$	45,811	$	51,515
Non-current:
Restricted cash	$	101,678	$	110,353
Restricted cash related to PPA Entity1	8,000		8,000
	109,678		118,353
	$	155,489	$	169,868

1 We have a variable interest entity (“VIE”) related to our Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) entity, PPA V, that represents a portion of the condensed consolidated balances recorded within the “restricted cash” and other financial statement line items in the condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings). In addition, the restricted cash held in the PPA II and PPA IIIb entities as of June 30, 2023, included $31.1 million and $0.8 million of current restricted cash, respectively, and $16.3 million and $6.7 million of non-current restricted cash, respectively. The restricted cash held in the PPA II and PPA IIIb entities as of December 31, 2022, included $40.6 million and $1.2 million of current restricted cash, respectively, and $28.5 million and $6.7 million of non-current restricted cash, respectively. These entities are not considered VIEs.

Factoring Arrangements

We sell certain customer trade receivables on a non-recourse basis under factoring arrangements with certain financial institutions. These transactions are accounted for as sales and cash proceeds are included in cash used in operating activities. We derecognized $59.6 million of accounts receivable during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and no accounts receivable were derecognized during the three months ended June 30, 2023. We derecognized $90.9 million and $137.3 million of accounts receivable during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

The costs of factoring such accounts receivable on our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were $0.7 million. There were no costs of factoring for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The costs of factoring for three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were $0.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The costs of factoring are recorded in general and administrative expenses.

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Fair Value

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value

Fair Value

Our accounting policy for the fair value measurement of cash equivalents and embedded Escalation Protection Plan (“EPP”) derivatives is described in Part II, Item 8 Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The tables below set forth, by level, our financial assets that are accounted for at fair value for the respective periods. The table does not include assets and liabilities that are measured at historical cost or any basis other than fair value (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measured at Reporting Date Using
June 30, 2023	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	614,969	$	—	$	—	$	614,969
	$	614,969	$	—	$	—	$	614,969
Liabilities
Derivatives:
Embedded EPP derivatives	—		—		3,834		$	3,834
	$	—	$	—	$	3,834	$	3,834

	Fair Value Measured at Reporting Date Using
December 31, 2022	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	291,903	$	—	$	—	$	291,903
	$	291,903	$	—	$	—	$	291,903
Liabilities
Derivatives:
Embedded EPP derivatives	—		—		5,895		$	5,895
	$	—	$	—	$	5,895	$	5,895

Money Market Funds - Money market funds are valued using quoted market prices for identical securities and are therefore classified as Level 1 financial assets.

Embedded Escalation Protection Plan Derivative Liability in Sales Contracts - We estimate the fair value of the embedded EPP derivatives in certain sales contracts using a Monte Carlo simulation model, which considers various potential electricity price curves over the sales contracts’ terms. We use historical grid prices and available forecasts of future electricity prices to estimate future electricity prices. We have classified these derivatives as a Level 3 financial liability.

The changes in the Level 3 financial liabilities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Embedded EPP Derivative Liability
Liabilities at December 31, 2022	$	5,895
EPP liability settlement	(3,160)
Changes in fair value	1,099
Liabilities at June 30, 2023	$	3,834

In June 2023, per an EPP agreement with one of our customers, we paid $3.2 million, which was recorded as a reduction to our balance of embedded EPP derivative liability as of June 30, 2023.

Financial Assets and Liabilities and Other Items Not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Debt Instruments - The senior secured notes and convertible notes are based on rates currently offered for instruments with similar maturities and terms (Level 2). The following table presents the estimated fair values and carrying values of debt instruments (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
	Net Carrying Value		Fair Value	Net Carrying Value		Fair Value
Debt instruments
Recourse:
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028	$	613,407	718,773	$	—	—
2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025	225,816		278,415	224,832		309,488
10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027	—		—	60,960		60,472
Non-recourse:
3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 2031	117,074		108,562	125,787		117,028
4.6% Term Loan due March 2026	$	1,533	1,329	$	—	—

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Balance Sheet Components

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Balance Sheet Components

Balance Sheet Components

Inventories

The components of inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Raw materials	$	223,526	$	165,446
Finished goods	188,803		58,288
Work-in-progress	55,937		44,660
	$	468,266	$	268,394

The inventory reserves were $16.8 million and $17.2 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Receivables from employees	$	10,922	$	6,553
Deferred expenses (Note 15)	8,182		—
Tax receivables	4,422		3,676
Prepaid hardware and software maintenance	3,306		4,290
Prepaid managed services	2,773		4,405
Advance income tax provision	1,998		783
Deposits made	1,683		1,409
Prepaid workers compensation	1,163		5,536
Prepaid deferred commissions	832		1,002
Other prepaid expenses and other current assets	14,542		15,989
	$	49,823	$	43,643

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Energy Servers	$	545,047	$	538,912
Machinery and equipment	159,171		145,555
Leasehold improvements	105,888		104,528
Construction-in-progress	92,896		72,174
Buildings	49,424		49,240
Computers, software and hardware	26,359		24,608
Furniture and fixtures	9,722		9,581
	988,507		944,598
Less: accumulated depreciation	(382,500)		(344,184)
	$	606,007	$	600,414

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $17.5 million and $35.7 million, respectively. Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $16.3 million and $30.7 million, respectively.

Property, plant and equipment under operating leases by PPA V was $226.0 million and $226.0 million and accumulated depreciation for these assets was $99.9 million and $92.7 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Depreciation expense for property, plant and equipment under operating leases by PPA V and PPA IV (sold in November 2022) was $3.6 million and $7.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense for these assets was $5.6 million and $11.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

Other Long-Term Assets

Other long-term assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Deferred commissions	$	8,860	$	8,320
Long-term lease receivable	7,817		8,076
Deferred expenses (Note 15)	6,669		—
Prepaid insurance	3,541		4,047
Deposits made	2,695		2,672
Prepaid managed services	2,056		2,373
Deferred tax asset	1,399		1,151
Prepaid and other long-term assets	10,389		13,566
	$	43,426	$	40,205

Accrued Warranty

Accrued warranty liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Product performance	$	13,926	$	16,901
Product warranty	980		431
	$	14,906	$	17,332

Changes in the product warranty and product performance liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

Balances at December 31, 2022	$	17,332
Accrued warranty, net	17,474
Warranty expenditures during the six-month period	(19,900)
Balances at June 30, 2023	$	14,906

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Compensation and benefits	$	43,833	$	48,156
General invoice and purchase order accruals	26,854		44,010
Delaware grant	9,495		9,495
Sales-related liabilities	6,522		7,147
Accrued installation	5,618		7,905
Sales tax liabilities	5,192		6,172
Interest payable	4,581		3,128
Accrued legal expenses	3,724		4,403
Accrued consulting expenses	2,431		1,390
Provision for income tax	1,995		1,140
Finance lease liabilities	1,136		1,024
VAT interim liability	968		418
PPA IV upgrade financing obligations	247		6,076
Current portion of derivative liabilities	—		2,596
Other	1,252		1,123
	$	113,848	$	144,183

Preferred Stock

As of June 30, 2023, we had 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized, of which 13,491,701 shares were designated as Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock. As of December 31, 2022, we had 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized, of which 10,000,000 shares were designated as Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock. The preferred stock had $0.0001 par value. There were 13,491,701 shares and no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements

Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements

The following is a summary of our debt as of June 30, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

	Unpaid Principal Balance		Net Carrying Value						Interest Rate	Maturity Dates	Entity
			Current		Long- Term		Total
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028	632,500		—		613,407		613,407		3.0%	June 2028	Company
2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025	230,000		—		225,816		225,816		2.5%	August 2025	Company
Total recourse debt	862,500		—		839,223		839,223
3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 30, 2031	118,538		10,814		106,260		117,074		3.04%	June 2031	PPA V
4.6% Term Loan due March 2026	1,533		—		1,533		1,533		4.6%	March 2026	Korean Joint Venture
Total non-recourse debt	120,071		10,814		107,793		118,607
Total debt	$	982,571	$	10,814	$	947,016	$	957,830

The following is a summary of our debt as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands, except percentage data):

	Unpaid Principal Balance		Net Carrying Value						Interest Rate	Maturity Dates	Entity
			Current		Long- Term		Total
10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027	$	61,653	$	12,716	$	48,244	$	60,960	10.25%	March 2027	Company
2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025	230,000		—		224,832		224,832		2.5%	August 2025	Company
Total recourse debt	291,653		12,716		273,076		285,792
3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 30, 2031	127,430		13,307		112,480		125,787		3.04%	June 2031	PPA V
Total non-recourse debt	127,430		13,307		112,480		125,787
Total debt	$	419,083	$	26,023	$	385,556	$	411,579

Recourse debt refers to debt that we have an obligation to pay. Non-recourse debt refers to debt that is recourse to only our subsidiaries. The differences between the unpaid principal balances and the net carrying values apply to deferred financing costs. We and all of our subsidiaries were in compliance with all financial covenants as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Recourse Debt Facilities

3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028 - On May 16, 2023, we issued the 3% Green Notes in an aggregate principal amount of $632.5 million due on June 1, 2028, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted, less an initial purchasers’ discount of $15.8 million and other issuance costs of $3.8 million (together, the “Transaction Costs”), resulting in net proceeds of $612.9 million. The 3% Green Notes were issued pursuant to, and are governed by, an indenture (the “Indenture”), dated as of May 16, 2023, between us and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee, in private placements to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

Pursuant to the purchase agreement among the Company and the representatives of the initial purchasers of the 3% Green Notes, the Company granted the initial purchasers an option to purchase up to an additional $82.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 3% Green Notes (the “Greenshoe Option”). The 3% Green Notes issued on May 16, 2023, included $82.5 million aggregate principal amount pursuant to the full exercise by the initial purchasers of the Greenshoe Option.

The 3% Green Notes are senior, unsecured obligations accruing interest at a rate of 3% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2023.

We may not redeem the 3% Green Notes prior to June 5, 2026, subject to a partial redemption limitation. We may elect to redeem, at face value, all or any portion of the 3% Green Notes at any time, and from time to time, on or after June 5, 2026

and on or before the forty-sixth scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, provided the share price for our Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price at redemption.

Before March 1, 2028, the noteholders have the right to convert their 3% Green Notes only upon the occurrence of certain events, including satisfaction of a condition relating to the closing price of our common stock (the “Closing Price Condition”) or the trading price of the 3% Green Notes (the “Trading Price Condition”), a redemption event, or other specified corporate events. If the Closing Price Condition is met on at least 20 (whether or not consecutive) of the last 30 consecutive trading days in any calendar quarter, and only during such calendar quarter, the noteholders may convert their 3% Green Notes at any time during the immediately following quarter, commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2023, subject to partial redemption limitation. Subject to the Trading Price Condition, the noteholders may convert their 3% Green Notes during the five business days immediately after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the 3% Green Notes, as determined following a request by a holder of the 3% Green Notes, for each day of that period is less than 98% of the product of the closing price of our common stock and the then applicable conversion rate. From and after March 1, 2028, the noteholders may convert their 3% Green Notes at any time at their election until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. Should the noteholders elect to convert their 3% Green Notes, we may elect to settle the conversion by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of our Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, or a combination thereof, at our election.

The initial conversion rate is 53.0427 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $18.85 per share of Class A common stock. The conversion rate and conversion price are subject to customary adjustments upon the occurrence of certain events. Also, we may increase the conversion rate at any time if our Board of Directors determines it is in the best interests of the Company or to avoid or diminish income tax to holders of common stock. In addition, if certain corporate events that constitute a Make-Whole Fundamental Change, as defined below, occur, then the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of the 3% Green Notes will, in certain circumstances, be increased by up to 22.5430 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes for a specified period of time. At June 30, 2023, the maximum number of shares into which the 3% Green Notes could have been potentially converted if the conversion features were triggered was 47,807,955 shares of Class A common stock.

According to the Indenture, a Make-Whole Fundamental Change means (i) a Fundamental Change, that includes certain change-of-control events relating to us, certain business combination transactions involving us and certain delisting events with respect to our Class A common stock, or (ii) the sending of a redemption notice with respect to the 3% Green Notes.

The 3% Green Notes contain certain customary provisions relating to the occurrence of Events of Default, as defined in the Indenture. If an Event of Default involving bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization events with respect to us occurs, then the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the 3% Green Notes then outstanding will immediately become due and payable without any further action or notice by any person. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, we may elect, at our option, that the sole remedy for an Event of Default relating to certain failures by us to comply with certain reporting covenants in the Indenture consists exclusively of the right of the noteholders to receive special interest on the 3% Green Notes for up to 180 days at a specified rate per annum not exceeding 0.50% on the principal amount of the 3% Green Notes.

The Transaction Costs were recorded as debt issuance costs and presented a reduction to the 3% Green Notes on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and are amortized to interest expense at an effective interest rate of 3.8%.

Total interest expense recognized related to the 3% Green Notes for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.9 million and was comprised of contractual interest expense of $2.4 million and amortization of the initial purchasers’ discount and other issuance costs of $0.5 million. We have not recognized any special interest expense related to the 3% Green Notes to date. The amount of unamortized debt issuance costs as of June 30, 2023, was $19.1 million.

Although the 3% Green Notes contain embedded conversion features, we account for the 3% Green Notes in its entirety as a liability. As of June 30, 2023, the net carrying value of the 3% Green Notes was classified as a long-term liability in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Capped Calls - On May 11, 2023, in connection with the pricing of the 3% Green Notes, and on May 15, 2023, in connection with initial purchasers’ exercise of the Greenshoe Option, we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Capped Calls”) with certain counterparties (the “Option Counterparties”). The Capped Calls cover, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the 3% Green Notes, the aggregate number of shares of our Class A common stock that initially underlie the 3% Green Notes, and are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to holders of our common stock upon any conversion of the 3% Green Notes and at our election (subject to certain

conditions) offset any cash payments we would be required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 3% Green Notes.

The Capped Calls expire on June 1, 2028 and are exercisable only at maturity, but may be early terminated in various circumstances, including if the 3% Green Notes are early converted or repurchased. The default settlement method for the Capped Calls is net share settlement. However, we may elect to settle the Capped Calls in cash.

The Capped Calls have an initial strike price of approximately $18.85 per share of Class A common stock, subject to certain adjustments. The strike price of $18.85 corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 3% Green Notes. The number of shares underlying the Capped Calls is 33,549,508 share of Class A common stock. The cap price of the Capped Calls is initially $26.46 per share of Class A common stock, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sale price of our common stock on May 11, 2023.

The Capped Calls are freestanding financial instruments. We used a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the 3% Green Notes to pay for the Capped Calls’ premium. As the Capped Calls meet certain accounting criteria, they are recorded in stockholders’ equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The cost of $54.5 million incurred to purchase the Capped Calls was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and will not be remeasured.

Please refer to Part II, Item 8, Note 7 - Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements in our Annual Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, for discussion of our 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027 and 2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025.

10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027 - The outstanding unpaid principal balance of $57.6 million on the 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027 was called and retired at 104% during the three months ended June 30, 2023. The 4% premium of $2.3 million and unpaid accrued interest of $1.0 million were included in the final payment to the noteholders. We recognized loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.9 million as a result of redemption of the 10.25% Senior Secured Notes.

The current and non-current balance of the outstanding unpaid principal of the 10.25% Senior Secured Notes was $12.7 million and $48.9 million as of December 31, 2022, respectively.

Interest on the 10.25% Senior Secured Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $1.0 million and $2.7 million, respectively, including immaterial and $0.1 million amortization of issuance costs, respectively. Interest on the 10.25% Senior Secured Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $1.9 million and $3.8 million, respectively, including amortization of issuance costs of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

Interest on the 2.5% Green Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.0 million and $3.9 million, respectively, including amortization of issuance costs of $0.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Interest on the 2.5% Green Notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $2.0 million and $3.9 million, respectively, including amortization of issuance costs of $0.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

Non-recourse Debt Facilities

Please refer to Part II, Item 8, Note 7 - Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements in our Annual Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 for discussion of our non-recourse debt.

The purchase and credit agreement for our 3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 2031 requires us to maintain a debt service reserve, the balance of which was $8.0 million and $8.0 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and was included as part of long-term restricted cash in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Repayment Schedule and Interest Expense

The following table presents details of our outstanding loan principal repayment schedule as of June 30, 2023 (in thousands):

Remainder of 2023	$	4,414
2024	11,483
2025	242,591
2026	15,356
2027	647,567
Thereafter	61,160
	$	982,571

Interest expense of $14.0 million and $25.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, was recorded in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Interest expense of $13.8 million and $27.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, was recorded in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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Leases

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

Facilities, Energy Servers, and Vehicles

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, rent expense for all occupied facilities was $5.7 million and $11.3 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, rent expense for all occupied facilities was $4.7 million and $9.2 million, respectively.

Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 1, 2	$	132,452	$	126,955
Current operating lease liabilities	(17,168)		(16,227)
Non-current operating lease liabilities	(137,667)		(132,363)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	(154,835)	$	(148,590)
Finance Leases:
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net 2, 3, 4	$	3,022	$	2,824
Current finance lease liabilities5	(1,136)		(1,024)
Non-current finance lease liabilities6	(2,074)		(1,971)
Total finance lease liabilities	$	(3,210)	$	(2,995)
Total lease liabilities	$	(158,045)	$	(151,585)

1 These assets primarily include leases for facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles.

2 Net of accumulated amortization.

3 These assets primarily include leases for vehicles.

4 Included in property, plant and equipment, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

5 Included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

6 Included in other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The components of our facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles’ lease costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease costs	$	8,166	$	6,049	$	15,965	$	11,885
Financing lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	194		263		395		521
Interest on lease liabilities	69		52		131		105
Total financing lease costs	263		315		526		626
Short-term lease costs	733		167		1,177		241
Total lease costs	$	9,162	$	6,531	$	17,668	$	12,752

Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for our facilities, Energy Servers and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases	8.0 years		8.6 years
Finance leases	3.4 years		3.3 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	12.4	%	10.3	%
Finance leases	9.1	%	6.9	%

Future lease payments under lease agreements for our facilities, Energy Servers and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	15,929	$	694
2024	27,750		1,245
2025	27,753		795
2026	27,621		554
2027	26,305		369
Thereafter	97,794		72
Total minimum lease payments	223,152		3,729
Less: amounts representing interest or imputed interest	(68,317)		(519)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	154,835	$	3,210

Managed Services and Portfolio Financings Through PPA Entities

Managed Services - We recognized $8.5 million and $15.8 million of product revenue, $1.8 million and $4.8 million of installation revenue, $1.5 million and $2.7 million of financing obligations, and $3.8 million and $9.3 million of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. There were no successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

The recognized lease expense from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.3 million and $4.4 million, respectively. The recognized lease expense from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $1.3 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

At June 30, 2023, future lease payments under the Managed Services Agreements financing obligations were as follows (in thousands):

	Financing Obligations
Remainder of 2023	$	22,819
2024	43,368
2025	42,358
2026	37,778
2027	21,441
Thereafter	37,237
Total minimum lease payments	205,001
Less: imputed interest	(109,937)
Present value of net minimum lease payments	95,064
Less: current financing obligations	(29,097)
Long-term financing obligations	$	65,967

The long-term financing obligations, as reflected in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, were $424.8 million and $442.1 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The difference between these obligations and the principal obligations in the table above will be offset against the carrying value of the related Energy Servers at the end of the lease and the remainder recognized as a gain at that point.

Portfolio Financings through PPA Entities - Customer arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2020 under Portfolio Financing arrangements through a PPA Entity that qualified as leases are accounted for as either sales-type leases or operating leases. Since January 1, 2020, we have not entered into any new PPAs with customers under such arrangements.

Future estimated operating lease payments we expect to receive from Portfolio Financing arrangements through PPA V Entity as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	10,458
2024	21,238
2025	21,630
2026	22,092
2027	22,566
Thereafter	85,009
Total minimum lease payments	$	182,993

Leases

Leases

Facilities, Energy Servers, and Vehicles

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, rent expense for all occupied facilities was $5.7 million and $11.3 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, rent expense for all occupied facilities was $4.7 million and $9.2 million, respectively.

Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 1, 2	$	132,452	$	126,955
Current operating lease liabilities	(17,168)		(16,227)
Non-current operating lease liabilities	(137,667)		(132,363)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	(154,835)	$	(148,590)
Finance Leases:
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net 2, 3, 4	$	3,022	$	2,824
Current finance lease liabilities5	(1,136)		(1,024)
Non-current finance lease liabilities6	(2,074)		(1,971)
Total finance lease liabilities	$	(3,210)	$	(2,995)
Total lease liabilities	$	(158,045)	$	(151,585)

1 These assets primarily include leases for facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles.

2 Net of accumulated amortization.

3 These assets primarily include leases for vehicles.

4 Included in property, plant and equipment, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

5 Included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

6 Included in other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The components of our facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles’ lease costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease costs	$	8,166	$	6,049	$	15,965	$	11,885
Financing lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	194		263		395		521
Interest on lease liabilities	69		52		131		105
Total financing lease costs	263		315		526		626
Short-term lease costs	733		167		1,177		241
Total lease costs	$	9,162	$	6,531	$	17,668	$	12,752

Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for our facilities, Energy Servers and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases	8.0 years		8.6 years
Finance leases	3.4 years		3.3 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	12.4	%	10.3	%
Finance leases	9.1	%	6.9	%

Future lease payments under lease agreements for our facilities, Energy Servers and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	15,929	$	694
2024	27,750		1,245
2025	27,753		795
2026	27,621		554
2027	26,305		369
Thereafter	97,794		72
Total minimum lease payments	223,152		3,729
Less: amounts representing interest or imputed interest	(68,317)		(519)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	154,835	$	3,210

Managed Services and Portfolio Financings Through PPA Entities

Managed Services - We recognized $8.5 million and $15.8 million of product revenue, $1.8 million and $4.8 million of installation revenue, $1.5 million and $2.7 million of financing obligations, and $3.8 million and $9.3 million of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. There were no successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

The recognized lease expense from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.3 million and $4.4 million, respectively. The recognized lease expense from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $1.3 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

At June 30, 2023, future lease payments under the Managed Services Agreements financing obligations were as follows (in thousands):

	Financing Obligations
Remainder of 2023	$	22,819
2024	43,368
2025	42,358
2026	37,778
2027	21,441
Thereafter	37,237
Total minimum lease payments	205,001
Less: imputed interest	(109,937)
Present value of net minimum lease payments	95,064
Less: current financing obligations	(29,097)
Long-term financing obligations	$	65,967

The long-term financing obligations, as reflected in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, were $424.8 million and $442.1 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The difference between these obligations and the principal obligations in the table above will be offset against the carrying value of the related Energy Servers at the end of the lease and the remainder recognized as a gain at that point.

Portfolio Financings through PPA Entities - Customer arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2020 under Portfolio Financing arrangements through a PPA Entity that qualified as leases are accounted for as either sales-type leases or operating leases. Since January 1, 2020, we have not entered into any new PPAs with customers under such arrangements.

Future estimated operating lease payments we expect to receive from Portfolio Financing arrangements through PPA V Entity as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	10,458
2024	21,238
2025	21,630
2026	22,092
2027	22,566
Thereafter	85,009
Total minimum lease payments	$	182,993

Leases

Leases

Facilities, Energy Servers, and Vehicles

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, rent expense for all occupied facilities was $5.7 million and $11.3 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, rent expense for all occupied facilities was $4.7 million and $9.2 million, respectively.

Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 1, 2	$	132,452	$	126,955
Current operating lease liabilities	(17,168)		(16,227)
Non-current operating lease liabilities	(137,667)		(132,363)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	(154,835)	$	(148,590)
Finance Leases:
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net 2, 3, 4	$	3,022	$	2,824
Current finance lease liabilities5	(1,136)		(1,024)
Non-current finance lease liabilities6	(2,074)		(1,971)
Total finance lease liabilities	$	(3,210)	$	(2,995)
Total lease liabilities	$	(158,045)	$	(151,585)

1 These assets primarily include leases for facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles.

2 Net of accumulated amortization.

3 These assets primarily include leases for vehicles.

4 Included in property, plant and equipment, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

5 Included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

6 Included in other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The components of our facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles’ lease costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease costs	$	8,166	$	6,049	$	15,965	$	11,885
Financing lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	194		263		395		521
Interest on lease liabilities	69		52		131		105
Total financing lease costs	263		315		526		626
Short-term lease costs	733		167		1,177		241
Total lease costs	$	9,162	$	6,531	$	17,668	$	12,752

Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for our facilities, Energy Servers and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases	8.0 years		8.6 years
Finance leases	3.4 years		3.3 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	12.4	%	10.3	%
Finance leases	9.1	%	6.9	%

Future lease payments under lease agreements for our facilities, Energy Servers and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	15,929	$	694
2024	27,750		1,245
2025	27,753		795
2026	27,621		554
2027	26,305		369
Thereafter	97,794		72
Total minimum lease payments	223,152		3,729
Less: amounts representing interest or imputed interest	(68,317)		(519)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	154,835	$	3,210

Managed Services and Portfolio Financings Through PPA Entities

Managed Services - We recognized $8.5 million and $15.8 million of product revenue, $1.8 million and $4.8 million of installation revenue, $1.5 million and $2.7 million of financing obligations, and $3.8 million and $9.3 million of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. There were no successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

The recognized lease expense from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.3 million and $4.4 million, respectively. The recognized lease expense from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $1.3 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

At June 30, 2023, future lease payments under the Managed Services Agreements financing obligations were as follows (in thousands):

	Financing Obligations
Remainder of 2023	$	22,819
2024	43,368
2025	42,358
2026	37,778
2027	21,441
Thereafter	37,237
Total minimum lease payments	205,001
Less: imputed interest	(109,937)
Present value of net minimum lease payments	95,064
Less: current financing obligations	(29,097)
Long-term financing obligations	$	65,967

The long-term financing obligations, as reflected in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, were $424.8 million and $442.1 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The difference between these obligations and the principal obligations in the table above will be offset against the carrying value of the related Energy Servers at the end of the lease and the remainder recognized as a gain at that point.

Portfolio Financings through PPA Entities - Customer arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2020 under Portfolio Financing arrangements through a PPA Entity that qualified as leases are accounted for as either sales-type leases or operating leases. Since January 1, 2020, we have not entered into any new PPAs with customers under such arrangements.

Future estimated operating lease payments we expect to receive from Portfolio Financing arrangements through PPA V Entity as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	10,458
2024	21,238
2025	21,630
2026	22,092
2027	22,566
Thereafter	85,009
Total minimum lease payments	$	182,993

Leases

Leases

Facilities, Energy Servers, and Vehicles

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, rent expense for all occupied facilities was $5.7 million and $11.3 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, rent expense for all occupied facilities was $4.7 million and $9.2 million, respectively.

Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 1, 2	$	132,452	$	126,955
Current operating lease liabilities	(17,168)		(16,227)
Non-current operating lease liabilities	(137,667)		(132,363)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	(154,835)	$	(148,590)
Finance Leases:
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net 2, 3, 4	$	3,022	$	2,824
Current finance lease liabilities5	(1,136)		(1,024)
Non-current finance lease liabilities6	(2,074)		(1,971)
Total finance lease liabilities	$	(3,210)	$	(2,995)
Total lease liabilities	$	(158,045)	$	(151,585)

1 These assets primarily include leases for facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles.

2 Net of accumulated amortization.

3 These assets primarily include leases for vehicles.

4 Included in property, plant and equipment, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

5 Included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

6 Included in other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The components of our facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles’ lease costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease costs	$	8,166	$	6,049	$	15,965	$	11,885
Financing lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	194		263		395		521
Interest on lease liabilities	69		52		131		105
Total financing lease costs	263		315		526		626
Short-term lease costs	733		167		1,177		241
Total lease costs	$	9,162	$	6,531	$	17,668	$	12,752

Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for our facilities, Energy Servers and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases	8.0 years		8.6 years
Finance leases	3.4 years		3.3 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	12.4	%	10.3	%
Finance leases	9.1	%	6.9	%

Future lease payments under lease agreements for our facilities, Energy Servers and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	15,929	$	694
2024	27,750		1,245
2025	27,753		795
2026	27,621		554
2027	26,305		369
Thereafter	97,794		72
Total minimum lease payments	223,152		3,729
Less: amounts representing interest or imputed interest	(68,317)		(519)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	154,835	$	3,210

Managed Services and Portfolio Financings Through PPA Entities

Managed Services - We recognized $8.5 million and $15.8 million of product revenue, $1.8 million and $4.8 million of installation revenue, $1.5 million and $2.7 million of financing obligations, and $3.8 million and $9.3 million of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. There were no successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

The recognized lease expense from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.3 million and $4.4 million, respectively. The recognized lease expense from successful sale and leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $1.3 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

At June 30, 2023, future lease payments under the Managed Services Agreements financing obligations were as follows (in thousands):

	Financing Obligations
Remainder of 2023	$	22,819
2024	43,368
2025	42,358
2026	37,778
2027	21,441
Thereafter	37,237
Total minimum lease payments	205,001
Less: imputed interest	(109,937)
Present value of net minimum lease payments	95,064
Less: current financing obligations	(29,097)
Long-term financing obligations	$	65,967

The long-term financing obligations, as reflected in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, were $424.8 million and $442.1 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The difference between these obligations and the principal obligations in the table above will be offset against the carrying value of the related Energy Servers at the end of the lease and the remainder recognized as a gain at that point.

Portfolio Financings through PPA Entities - Customer arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2020 under Portfolio Financing arrangements through a PPA Entity that qualified as leases are accounted for as either sales-type leases or operating leases. Since January 1, 2020, we have not entered into any new PPAs with customers under such arrangements.

Future estimated operating lease payments we expect to receive from Portfolio Financing arrangements through PPA V Entity as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	10,458
2024	21,238
2025	21,630
2026	22,092
2027	22,566
Thereafter	85,009
Total minimum lease payments	$	182,993

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Compensation Related Costs [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans

Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes the components of stock-based compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	5,067	$	4,767	$	9,228	$	8,627
Research and development	7,678		13,213		16,088		20,295
Sales and marketing	6,257		4,805		12,074		9,580
General and administrative	9,477		9,814		20,642		20,405
	$	28,479	$	32,599	$	58,032	$	58,907

Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under our stock plans during the reporting period:

	Outstanding Options
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	(in thousands, except weighted average exercise price and remaining contractual life)
Balances at December 31, 2022	8,748,309	$	20.70	4.6	$	40,532
Exercised	(208,404)	7.21
Expired	(214,405)	30.39
Balances at June 30, 2023	8,325,500	20.79		4.0	27,715
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2023	8,323,858	20.79		4.0	27,700
Exercisable at June 30, 2023	8,280,499	$	20.86	4.0	$	27,293

Stock Options - For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized $0.1 million and $0.2 million of stock-based compensation costs for stock options, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized $3.4 million and $5.5 million of stock-based compensation expense for stock options, respectively.

We did not grant options in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested stock options of $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. This cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average period of 0.7 years and 0.9 years, respectively. Cash received from stock options exercised totaled $0.7 million and $1.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. Cash received from stock options exercised totaled $0.3 million and $1.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

Stock Award Activity

A summary of our stock awards activity and related information is as follows:

	Number of Awards Outstanding	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested Balance at December 31, 2022	9,549,035	$	19.99
Granted	4,469,242	18.57
Vested	(2,858,763)	18.31
Forfeited	(602,691)	21.43
Unvested Balance at June 30, 2023	10,556,823	$	19.76

Stock Awards - The estimated fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance-based stock units (“PSUs”) is based on the fair value of our Class A common stock on the date of grant. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized $23.0 million and $45.7 million of stock-based compensation costs for stock awards, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized $25.0 million and $46.0 million of stock-based compensation expense for stock awards, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $159.9 million and $135.7 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock awards, expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.2 years and 1.9 years, respectively.

Executive Awards

On February 15, 2023, the Company granted RSU and PSU awards (the “2023 Executive Awards”) to certain executive staff pursuant to the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan. The RSUs have time-based vesting schedules, started vesting on February 15, 2023 and shall vest over a three year period. PSUs started vesting on February 15, 2023 and have a three-year cliff vesting period. PSUs will vest based on a combination of time and achievement against performance metrics targets assuming continued employment and service through each vesting date. Stock-based compensation costs associated with the 2023 Executive Awards are recognized over the service period as we evaluate the probability of the achievement of the performance conditions.

The following table presents the stock activity and the total number of shares available for grant under our stock plans:

	Plan Shares Available for Grant
Balances at December 31, 2022	28,340,641
Added to plan	8,948,255
Granted	(4,399,477)
Cancelled/Forfeited	757,331
Expired	(188,617)
Balances at June 30, 2023	33,458,133

2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2018 ESPP”)

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized $5.9 million and $12.4 million of stock-based compensation costs for the 2018 ESPP, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized $4.4 million and $6.9 million of stock-based compensation costs for the 2018 ESPP, respectively.

We issued 449,525 and 420,689 shares in the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we added an additional 2,239,563 and 2,055,792 shares, respectively, and there were 15,630,754 and 13,840,716 shares available for issuance as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $14.9 million and $12.0 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation costs, expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.7 years and 0.6 years, respectively.

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Portfolio Financings

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Portfolio Financings

Portfolio Financings

Overview

We have developed various financing options that enable customers’ use of the Energy Servers through third-party ownership financing arrangements. For additional information on these financing options, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

PPA Entity’s Aggregate Assets and Liabilities

Generally, the assets of an operating company owned by an investment company can be used to settle only the operating company obligations, and the operating company creditors do not have recourse to us. The following were the aggregate carrying values of our VIE’s assets and liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, after eliminations of intercompany transactions and balances, including the PPA Entity in the PPA V transaction as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	694	$	5,008
Restricted cash	650		550
Accounts receivable	1,800		2,072
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	679		1,927
Total current assets	3,823		9,557
Property, plant and equipment, net	126,159		133,285
Restricted cash	8,000		8,000
Other long-term assets	1,635		1,869
Total assets	$	139,617	$	152,711
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	24	$	1,037
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	662		662
Non-recourse debt	10,814		13,307
Total current liabilities	11,500		15,006
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	4,420		4,748
Non-recourse debt	106,260		112,480
Total liabilities	$	122,180	$	132,234

We consolidated the PPA Entity as a VIE in the PPA V transaction, as we have determined that we are the primary beneficiary of this VIE. This PPA Entity contains debt that is non-recourse to us and owns Energy Server assets for which we do not have title.

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Related Party Transactions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions There have been no changes in related party relationships during the six months ended June 30, 2023. For information on our related party transactions, see Part II, Item 8, Note 12 - Related Party Transactions in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Our operations included the following related party transactions (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Total revenue from related parties	$	4,585	$	10,233	$	5,418	$	17,699

Below is the summary of outstanding related party balances as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accounts receivable	$	5,999	$	4,257

Debt to Related Parties

We had no material debt or convertible notes from investors considered to be related parties as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Purchase Commitments with Suppliers and Contract Manufacturers - In order to reduce manufacturing lead-times and to ensure an adequate supply of inventories, we have agreements with our component suppliers and contract manufacturers to allow long lead-time component inventory procurement based on a rolling production forecast. We are contractually obligated to purchase long lead-time component inventory procured by certain manufacturers in accordance with our forecasts. We can generally give notice of order cancellation at least 90 days prior to the delivery date. However, we issue purchase orders to our component suppliers and third-party manufacturers that may not be cancellable. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had no material open purchase orders with our component suppliers and third-party manufacturers that are not cancellable.

Performance Guarantees - We guarantee the performance of Energy Servers at certain levels of output and efficiency to our customers over the contractual term. We monitor the need for any accruals arising from such guaranties, which are calculated as the difference between committed and actual power output or between natural gas consumption at warranted efficiency levels and actual consumption, multiplied by the contractual rates with the customer. Amounts payable under these guaranties are accrued in periods when the guaranties are not met and are recorded contra service revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We paid $4.1 million and $19.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, for such performance guarantees. We paid $9.4 million and $9.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, for such performance guarantees.

Letters of Credit - In 2019, pursuant to the PPA II upgrade of Energy Servers, we agreed to indemnify our financing partner for losses that may be incurred in the event of certain regulatory, legal or legislative development and established a cash-collateralized letter of credit facility for this purpose. As of June 30, 2023, the balance of this cash-collateralized letter of credit was $47.4 million, of which $31.1 million and $16.3 million is recognized as short-term and long-term restricted cash, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the balance of this cash-collateralized letter of credit was $69.1 million, of which $40.6 million and $28.5 million is recognized as short-term and long-term restricted cash, respectively.

Pledged Funds - In 2019, pursuant to the PPA IIIb upgrade of Energy Servers, we established a restricted cash fund of $20.0 million, which had been pledged for a seven-year period to secure our operations and maintenance obligations with respect to the totality of our obligations to the financier. All or a portion of such funds would be released if we meet certain credit rating and/or market capitalization milestones prior to the end of the pledge period. If we do not meet the required criteria within the first five-year period, the funds would still be released to us over the following two years as long as the Energy Servers continue to perform in compliance with our warranty obligations. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance of the long-term restricted cash fund was $6.7 million and $6.7 million, respectively.

Contingencies

Indemnification Agreements - We enter into standard indemnification agreements with our customers and certain other business partners in the ordinary course of business. Our exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves future claims that may be made against us but have not yet been made. To date, we have not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to our indemnification obligations. However, we may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations.

Delaware Economic Development Authority - In March 2012, we entered into an agreement with the Delaware Economic Development Authority to provide a grant of $16.5 million to us as an incentive to establish a new manufacturing facility in Delaware and to provide employment for full time workers at the facility over a certain period of time. We have so far received $12.0 million of the grant, which is contingent upon meeting the milestones through September 30, 2023. In the event that we do not meet the milestones, we may have to repay the Delaware Economic Development Authority, up to an additional $2.5 million on September 30, 2023. We repaid $1.5 million and $1.0 million of the grant in 2017 and 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 the grant became current, and we have recorded $9.5 million in accrued expenses and other current liabilities for future repayments of this grant as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Investment Tax Credits - Our Energy Servers are eligible for federal ITCs that accrued to qualified property under Internal Revenue Code Section 48 when placed into service. However, the ITC program has operational criteria that extend for five years. If the energy property is disposed of or otherwise ceases to be qualified investment credit property before the close of the five-year recapture period is fulfilled, it could result in a partial reduction of the incentives. Energy Servers are purchased by the PPA Entities, other financial sponsors, or customers and, therefore, these parties bear the risk of repayment if the assets placed in service do not meet the ITC operational criteria in the future although in certain limited circumstances we do provide indemnification for such risk.

Legal Matters - We are involved in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. We review all legal matters at least quarterly and assess whether an accrual for loss contingencies needs to be recorded. We record an accrual for loss contingencies when management believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal matters are subject to uncertainties and are inherently unpredictable, so the actual liability in any such matters may be materially different from our estimates. If an unfavorable resolution were to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, results of operations or cash flows for the period in which the resolution occurs or in future periods.

In March 2019, the Lincolnshire Police Pension Fund filed a class action complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa Clara, against us, certain members of our senior management, certain of our directors and the underwriters in our July 25, 2018 IPO alleging violations under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act for alleged misleading statements or omissions in our Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC in connection with the IPO. Two related class action cases were subsequently filed in the Santa Clara County Superior Court against the same defendants containing the same allegations; Rodriquez vs Bloom Energy et al. was filed on April 22, 2019 and Evans vs Bloom Energy et al. was filed on May 7, 2019. These cases have been consolidated. Plaintiffs’ consolidated amended complaint was filed with the court on September 12, 2019. On October 4, 2019, defendants moved to stay the lawsuit pending the federal district court action discussed below. On December 7, 2019, the Superior Court issued an order staying the action through resolution of the parallel federal litigation mentioned below. We believe the complaint to be without merit and in contravention of our forum selection clause in our Restated Certificate of Incorporation and we intend to defend this action vigorously. We are unable to estimate any range of reasonably possible losses.

In May 2019, Elissa Roberts filed a class action complaint in the federal district court for the Northern District of California against us, certain members of our senior management team, and certain of our directors alleging violations under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act for alleged misleading statements or omissions in our Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC in connection with the IPO. On September 3, 2019, the court appointed a lead plaintiff and lead plaintiffs’ counsel. On November 4, 2019, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint adding the underwriters in the IPO and our auditor as defendants for the Section 11 claim, as well as adding claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), against us, and certain members of our senior management team. The amended complaint alleged a class period for all claims from the time of our IPO until September 16, 2019. On April 21, 2020, plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint, which continued to make the same claims and added allegations pertaining to the restatement and, as to claims under the Exchange Act, extended the putative class period through February 12, 2020. On July 1, 2020, we and the other defendants filed motions to dismiss the second amended complaint. On September 29, 2021, the court entered an order dismissing with leave to amend (1) five of seven statements or groups of statements alleged to violate Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act and (2) all allegations under the Exchange Act. All allegations against our auditors were also

dismissed. Plaintiffs elected not to amend the complaint and instead on October 22, 2021 filed a motion for entry of final judgment in favor of our auditors so that plaintiffs could appeal the dismissal of those claims. The court denied that motion on December 1, 2021 and in response plaintiffs filed a motion asking the court to certify an interlocutory appeal as to the accounting claims. The court denied plaintiffs’ motion on April 14, 2022. The claims for violation of Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act that were not dismissed by the court entered the discovery phase.

On January 6, 2023, Bloom and the plaintiffs’ entered into an agreement in principle to settle the claims against Bloom, its executives and directors, and the IPO underwriters for a payment of $3 million, which we expect to be funded entirely by our insurers. If the settlement becomes effective, we expect it to result in a dismissal with prejudice of all claims against us, our executives and directors, and the underwriters. The settlement does not constitute an acknowledgement of liability or wrongdoing. On June 30, 2023, Bloom and the plaintiff’s executed a definitive settlement agreement containing the foregoing terms and customary terms for class action settlements, and on the same date, filed the settlement agreement with the court to see its approval. If the court does not approve the settlement and all of its material terms, or the settlement does not otherwise become final or effective, proceedings in the action will continue.

In June 2021, we filed a petition for writ of mandate and a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief in the Santa Clara Superior Court against the City of Santa Clara for failure to issue building permits for two of our customer installations and asking the court to require the City of Santa Clara to process and issue the building permits. In October 2021, we filed an amended petition and complaint that asserts additional constitutional and tort claims based on the City’s failure to timely issue the Energy Server permits. Discovery has commenced and we are aggressively pursuing all claims. On February 4, 2022, the City of Santa Clara filed a demurrer seeking to dismiss all of the Company’s claims. The trial judge rejected the demurrer on all claims except one, and allowed Bloom leave to amend that claim. The second amended petition was filed on July 5, 2022. The City of Santa Clara demurred only to the amended cause of action seeking damages for tortious conduct. The trial judge granted that demurrer and struck the tort claim on October 27, 2022; the writ of mandate and constitutional claims were allowed to proceed. The parties are currently briefing the writ of mandate claims which seek immediate issuance of the building permits. On April 21, 2023, the parties executed a settlement agreement which allows our two pending customer installations to proceed under building permits and requires the City to amend its zoning code so that future installations of Bloom Energy Servers in Santa Clara require only building permits.

In February 2022, Plansee SE/Global Tungsten & Powders Corp. (“Plansee/GTP”), a former supplier, filed a request for expedited arbitration with the World Intellectual Property Organization Arbitration and Mediation Center in Geneva Switzerland (“WIPO”), for various claims allegedly in relation to an Intellectual Property and Confidential Disclosure Agreement between Plansee/GTP and Bloom Energy Corporation. Plansee/GTP’s statement of claims includes allegations of infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 8,802,328, 8,753,785 and 9,434,003. On April 3, 2022, we filed a complaint against Plansee/GTP in the Eastern District of Texas to address the dispute between Plansee/GTP and Bloom Energy Corporation in a proper forum before a U.S. Federal District Court. Our complaint seeks the correction of inventorship of U.S. Patent Nos. 8,802,328, 8,753,785 and 9,434,003 (the “Patents-in-Suit”); declaratory judgment of invalidity, unenforceability, and non-infringement of the Patents-in-Suit; and declaratory judgment of no misappropriation. Further, our complaint seeks to recover damages we have suffered in relation to Plansee/GTP’s business dealings that, as alleged, constitute acts of unfair competition, tortious interference contract, breach of contract, violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act and violations of the Clayton Antitrust Act. On June 9, 2022, Plansee/GTP filed a motion to dismiss the complaint filed in the Eastern District of Texas and compel arbitration (or alternatively to stay). We filed our opposition on June 30, 2022, Plansee/GTP filed its reply on July 14, 2022 and we filed our sur-reply on July 22, 2022. On February 9, 2023, Magistrate Judge Payne issued a report and recommendation to stay the district court action pending an arbitrability determination by the arbitrator for each claim.

On February 23, 2023, we filed an amended complaint adding additional causes of action and filed objections to the Magistrate’s report and recommendation. On April 26, 2023, Judge Gilstrap overruled our objections to the Magistrate’s report and recommendation and stayed the district court action pending arbitrability determinations by the arbitrator in the WIPO proceeding. The arbitration had been held in abeyance awaiting the District Court’s decision. A hearing by the arbitrator in WIPO on arbitrability took place on June 27, 2023. A decision is expected in the third quarter of 2023. Given that the District Court matter is stayed and the WIPO arbitration had been held in abeyance, the cases are still in their early stages. We are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of the arbitration and district court action at this time.

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Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded an income tax provisions of $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, on pre-tax losses of $68.9 million and $143.5 million for effective tax rates of (0.3)% and (0.3)%, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded an income tax benefit and income tax provision of $12 thousand and $0.6 million, respectively, on pre-tax losses of $121.2 million and $203.4 million for effective tax rates of 0.01% and (0.3)%, respectively.

The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was lower than the statutory federal tax rate primarily due to a full valuation allowance against U.S. deferred tax assets.

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Net Loss per Share Available to Common Stockholders

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss per Share Available to Common Stockholders

Net Loss per Share Available to Common Stockholders

Please refer to the condensed consolidated statements of operations for computation of our net loss per share available to common stockholders, basic and diluted.

The following common stock equivalents (in thousands) were excluded from the computation of our net loss per share available to common stockholders, diluted, for the three and six months presented as their inclusion would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Convertible notes	31,146	14,187	22,713	14,187
Redeemable convertible preferred stock	13,492	11,000	7,454	11,000
Stock options and awards	3,611	4,655	5,345	4,894
	48,249	29,842	35,512	30,081

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SK ecoplant Strategic Investment

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

SK ecoplant Strategic Investment

SK ecoplant Strategic Investment In October 2021, we expanded our existing relationship with SK ecoplant. As part of this arrangement, we amended the previous Preferred Distribution Agreement (“PDA”) and Joint Venture Agreement (“JVA”) with SK ecoplant. The restated PDA establishes SK ecoplant’s purchase commitments for our Energy Servers for the three year period on a take or pay basis as well as the basis for determining the prices at which the Energy Servers and related components will be sold. The restated JVA increases the scope of assembly done by the joint venture facility in the Republic of Korea, which was established in 2019, for the procurement of local parts for our Energy Servers and the assembly of certain portions of the Energy Servers for the South Korean market. The joint venture is a VIE of Bloom and we consolidate it in our financial statements as we are the primary beneficiary and therefore have the power to direct activities which are most significant to the joint venture.

The following are the aggregate carrying values of the Korean joint venture’s assets and liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, after eliminations of intercompany transactions and balances, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,819	$	2,591
Accounts receivable	5,999		4,257
Inventories	11,586		13,412
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,475		2,645
Total current assets	23,879		22,905
Property and equipment, net	1,051		1,141
Operating lease right-of-use assets	2,358		2,390
Other long-term assets	45		47
Total assets	$	27,333	$	26,483
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	954	$	5,607
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	939		1,355
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	—		2
Operating lease liabilities	404		393
Total current liabilities	2,297		7,357
Operating lease liabilities	1,814		2,000
Non-recourse debt	1,533		—
Total liabilities	$	5,644	$	9,357

In October 2021, we also entered into a new Commercial Cooperation Agreement (the “CCA”) regarding initiatives pertaining to the hydrogen market and general market expansion for our products.

The Initial Investment

Simultaneous with the execution of the above agreements, we entered into the SPA pursuant to which we agreed to sell and issue to SK ecoplant 10,000,000 shares of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock (the “Series A RCPS”), par value $0.0001 per share, at a purchase price of $25.50 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $255.0 million. On December 29, 2021, the closing of the sale of the Series A RCPS was completed and we issued the 10,000,000 shares of the Series A RCPS (the “Initial Investment”). In addition to the Initial Investment, the SPA provided SK ecoplant with an option to acquire a variable number of shares of Class A Common Stock (the “Option”). According to the SPA, SK ecoplant was entitled to exercise the Option through August 31, 2023, and the transaction must have been completed by November 30, 2023.

The sale of Series A RCPS was recorded at its fair value of $218.0 million on the date of issuance. Accordingly, we allocated the excess of the cash proceeds received of $255.0 million plus the change in fair value of the Series A RCPS between October 23, 2021, and December 29, 2021, of $9.7 million, over the fair value of the Series A RCPS on December 29, 2021, and the fair value of the Option on October 23, 2021, to the PDA. This excess amounted to $37.0 million and was recorded in deferred revenue and customer deposits. Accordingly, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized product revenue of $3.5 million and $4.7 million, respectively, in connection with this arrangement. No product revenue was recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 in connection with this arrangement. As of December 31, 2022, the unrecognized amount of $24.6 million included $10.0 million in current deferred revenue and customer deposits and $14.6 million in non-current deferred revenue and customer deposits on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June

30, 2023, the unrecognized amount of deferred revenue and customer deposits was reduced to zero as a result of the Second Tranche Closing (see details below in section “The Second Tranche Closing”).

PDA, JVA, CCA and the SPA entered into with SK ecoplant concurrently were evaluated as a combined contract in accordance with ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers and, to the extent applicable for separated components, under the guidance of Topic 815 Derivatives and Hedging and applicable subsections and ASC 480 Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.

We concluded that the Option was a freestanding financial instrument that should have been separately recorded at fair value on the date the SPA was executed.

On August 10, 2022, pursuant to the SPA, SK ecoplant notified us of its intent to exercise its option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock, pursuant to a Second Tranche Exercise Notice (as defined in the SPA) electing to purchase 13,491,701 shares at a purchase price of $23.05 per share (the “Second Tranche Closing”). As of December 31, 2022, this option was accounted for as the equity-classified forward contract.

For further information, see Part II, Item 8, Note 17 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

The Second Tranche Closing

On March 20, 2023, SK ecoplant entered into the Amended SPA with us, pursuant to which on March 23, 2023, we issued and sold to SK ecoplant 13,491,701 shares of non-voting Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B RCPS”), at a purchase price of $23.05 per share for cash proceeds of $311.0 million.

The Amended SPA triggered the modification of the equity-classified forward contract on Class A common stock, which resulted in the derecognition of the pre-modification fair value of the forward contract given to SK ecoplant of $76.2 million. The derecognition of the pre-modification fair value was recorded in additional paid-in capital in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023.

The Series B RCPS was accounted for as a stock award with liability and equity components. The liability component of the Series B RCPS was recognized at the redemption value of $311.0 million and the equity component of the Series B RCPS was recognized at its fair value of $16.1 million on March 20, 2023 and recorded in current liabilities and additional paid-in capital, respectively, in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023.

On March 20, 2023, in connection with the Amended SPA we also entered into the Loan Agreement, pursuant to which we have the option to draw on a loan from SK ecoplant with a maximum principal amount of $311.0 million, should SK ecoplant send a redemption notice to us under the Amended SPA. The Loan Agreement has a maturity of five years and bears an interest rate of 4.6%.

The Loan Agreement is a freestanding financial instrument; accordingly, we recognized a loan commitment asset at its fair value of $52.8 million, of which $5.3 million was classified as current and $47.5 million was classified as non-current in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023. The loan commitment asset will be amortized to interest expense during the term of the Loan Agreement starting on the date the loan is drawn upon. Should SK ecoplant elect not to redeem the Series B RCPS under the Amended SPA, the loan commitment asset will be expensed immediately and recognized in interest expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Amended SPA and the Loan Agreement provided us with cash proceeds of $311.0 million and a loan commitment asset of $52.8 million from SK ecoplant for total consideration of $363.8 million. In return, SK ecoplant received consideration of $403.3 million, comprising of the release from the obligation to close on the original transaction fair valued at $76.2 million, the obligation from us to issue the Series B RCPS at redemption value of $311.0 million, and the option to convert the Series B RCPS to Class A common stock, which has an estimated fair value of $16.1 million. The excess consideration provided by us amounted to $39.5 million, which resulted in a reduction of our deferred revenue and customer deposits by $24.6 million related to the Initial Investment, as of June 30, 2023. The net excess consideration of $14.9 million was recognized as $8.2 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $6.7 million was classified as other long-term assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023. The deferred expense is recognized as contra-revenue over the

take or pay period based on an estimate of the revenue we expect to receive under the remaining term of the PDA. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the deferred expense recognized as contra-revenue was immaterial.

Description of Series B RCPS - The significant rights and preferences of the Series B RCPS are as follows:

Liquidation: Upon the liquidation or dissolution of Bloom, or a deemed liquidation event (which includes a change in control or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets), the holders of the Series B RCPS are entitled to receive in preference to the holders of the Common Stock, the greater of (i) their liquidation preference or (ii) an amount they would be entitled to receive on an as-converted basis. After payment of the liquidation preference to the holders of the Series B RCPS, our remaining assets are available for distribution to the holders of Common Stock on a pro rata basis.

Redemption rights: The Series B RCPS may be redeemed upon election of SK ecoplant at the redemption price per share of $311.0 million divided by the number of then outstanding shares of Series B RCPS, which shall be payable in one installment, commencing on a date not less than sixty days after and not more than ninety days after SK ecoplant deliver written notice of the redemption to the Company (the “Redemption Notice”). SK ecoplant shall not send the Redemption Notice until four months have passed from the Series B RCPS issue date and the delivery of the Redemption Notice shall be irrevocable. The Series B RCPS shall not be redeemable upon the election of the Company.

Conversion: The Series B RCPS are convertible at any time at SK ecoplant’s option into Class A common stock (subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits or combinations, and dividends or other distributions on the Class A Common Stock which are payable in shares of Class A Common Stock).

In addition, on the 6-month anniversary of the issuance date, the Series B RCPS shall automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock at the conversion price in effect at that time. The automatic conversion will not occur should SK ecoplant elect to redeem the Series B RCPS prior to six months after the original issuance date, but not earlier than four months have passed from the original issue date.

Protective provisions: Bloom is prohibited from the following actions without the affirmative vote of a majority of the holders of the Series B RCPS: (i) increasing the authorized number of shares of Series B RCPS; (ii) authorizing or creating any new class of stock that is senior to or on a parity with the Series B RCPS or increasing or decreasing the authorized number of shares of any such new class of stock; (iii) amending the rights, preferences or privileges of the Series B RCPS; and (iv) redeeming the Series B RCPS.

Voting and dividend rights: The holders of the Series B RCPS have no voting rights, except on matters related to the RCPS, and are not entitled to dividends.

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Subsequent Events	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events There have been no material subsequent events that occurred during the period subsequent to the date of these condensed consolidated financial statements that would require adjustment to our disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements as presented.

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

We have prepared the condensed consolidated financial statements included herein pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

For information on the principles of consolidation, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Principles of Consolidation section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations

For information on the business combinations, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Business Combinations section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

For information on the use of accounting estimates, see Part II, Item 8, Note 1 - Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation, Use of Estimates section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There have been no significant changes in our reported financial position or results of operations and cash flows resulting from the adoption of new accounting pronouncements.

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability

The following table provides information about accounts receivables, contract assets, customer deposits and deferred revenue from contracts with customers (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accounts receivable	$	351,021	$	250,995
Contract assets	35,182		46,727
Customer deposits	78,820		121,085
Deferred revenue	85,110		94,355

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Beginning balance	$	47,778	$	13,533	$	46,727	$	25,201
Transferred to accounts receivable from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period	(23,228)		(1,387)		(27,404)		(15,963)
Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period	10,632		21,228		15,859		24,136
Ending balance	$	35,182	$	33,374	$	35,182	$	33,374

Deferred revenue activity, including deferred incentive revenue activity, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Beginning balance	$	87,848	$	103,489	$	94,355	$	115,476
Additions	265,408		182,067		490,346		348,744
Revenue recognized	(268,146)		(189,179)		(499,591)		(367,843)
Ending balance	$	85,110	$	96,377	$	85,110	$	96,377

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers into four revenue categories: product, installation, services and electricity (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Product revenue	$	214,706	$	173,625	$	408,451	$	307,172
Installation revenue	24,321		12,729		44,846		26,282
Services revenue	42,298		38,426		82,961		73,665
Electricity revenue	3,966		2,794		7,804		5,476
Total revenue from contract with customers	285,291		227,574		544,062		412,595
Revenue from contracts that contain leases:
Electricity revenue	15,804		15,662		32,224		31,680
Total revenue	$	301,095	$	243,236	$	576,286	$	444,275

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Financial Instruments (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying values of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash approximate fair values and were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
As Held:
Cash	$	307,575	$	226,463
Money market funds	614,969		291,903
	$	922,544	$	518,366
As Reported:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	767,055	$	348,498
Restricted cash	155,489		169,868
	$	922,544	$	518,366

Schedule of Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying values of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash approximate fair values and were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
As Held:
Cash	$	307,575	$	226,463
Money market funds	614,969		291,903
	$	922,544	$	518,366
As Reported:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	767,055	$	348,498
Restricted cash	155,489		169,868
	$	922,544	$	518,366

Restricted cash consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Current:
Restricted cash	$	45,161	$	50,965
Restricted cash related to PPA Entity1	650		550
	$	45,811	$	51,515
Non-current:
Restricted cash	$	101,678	$	110,353
Restricted cash related to PPA Entity1	8,000		8,000
	109,678		118,353
	$	155,489	$	169,868

1 We have a variable interest entity (“VIE”) related to our Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) entity, PPA V, that represents a portion of the condensed consolidated balances recorded within the “restricted cash” and other financial statement line items in the condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings). In addition, the restricted cash held in the PPA II and PPA IIIb entities as of June 30, 2023, included $31.1 million and $0.8 million of current restricted cash, respectively, and $16.3 million and $6.7 million of non-current restricted cash, respectively. The restricted cash held in the PPA II and PPA IIIb entities as of December 31, 2022, included $40.6 million and $1.2 million of current restricted cash, respectively, and $28.5 million and $6.7 million of non-current restricted cash, respectively. These entities are not considered VIEs.

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Fair Value (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The tables below set forth, by level, our financial assets that are accounted for at fair value for the respective periods. The table does not include assets and liabilities that are measured at historical cost or any basis other than fair value (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measured at Reporting Date Using
June 30, 2023	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	614,969	$	—	$	—	$	614,969
	$	614,969	$	—	$	—	$	614,969
Liabilities
Derivatives:
Embedded EPP derivatives	—		—		3,834		$	3,834
	$	—	$	—	$	3,834	$	3,834

	Fair Value Measured at Reporting Date Using
December 31, 2022	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	291,903	$	—	$	—	$	291,903
	$	291,903	$	—	$	—	$	291,903
Liabilities
Derivatives:
Embedded EPP derivatives	—		—		5,895		$	5,895
	$	—	$	—	$	5,895	$	5,895

Schedule of Change in Level 3 Financial Liabilities

The changes in the Level 3 financial liabilities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Embedded EPP Derivative Liability
Liabilities at December 31, 2022	$	5,895
EPP liability settlement	(3,160)
Changes in fair value	1,099
Liabilities at June 30, 2023	$	3,834

Schedule of Fair Values and Carrying Values of Customer Receivables and Debt Instruments

The following table presents the estimated fair values and carrying values of debt instruments (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
	Net Carrying Value		Fair Value	Net Carrying Value		Fair Value
Debt instruments
Recourse:
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028	$	613,407	718,773	$	—	—
2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025	225,816		278,415	224,832		309,488
10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027	—		—	60,960		60,472
Non-recourse:
3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 2031	117,074		108,562	125,787		117,028
4.6% Term Loan due March 2026	$	1,533	1,329	$	—	—

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Balance Sheet Components (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory

The components of inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Raw materials	$	223,526	$	165,446
Finished goods	188,803		58,288
Work-in-progress	55,937		44,660
	$	468,266	$	268,394

Schedule of Prepaid Expense and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Receivables from employees	$	10,922	$	6,553
Deferred expenses (Note 15)	8,182		—
Tax receivables	4,422		3,676
Prepaid hardware and software maintenance	3,306		4,290
Prepaid managed services	2,773		4,405
Advance income tax provision	1,998		783
Deposits made	1,683		1,409
Prepaid workers compensation	1,163		5,536
Prepaid deferred commissions	832		1,002
Other prepaid expenses and other current assets	14,542		15,989
	$	49,823	$	43,643

Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Energy Servers	$	545,047	$	538,912
Machinery and equipment	159,171		145,555
Leasehold improvements	105,888		104,528
Construction-in-progress	92,896		72,174
Buildings	49,424		49,240
Computers, software and hardware	26,359		24,608
Furniture and fixtures	9,722		9,581
	988,507		944,598
Less: accumulated depreciation	(382,500)		(344,184)
	$	606,007	$	600,414

Schedule of Other Long-Term Assets

Other long-term assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Deferred commissions	$	8,860	$	8,320
Long-term lease receivable	7,817		8,076
Deferred expenses (Note 15)	6,669		—
Prepaid insurance	3,541		4,047
Deposits made	2,695		2,672
Prepaid managed services	2,056		2,373
Deferred tax asset	1,399		1,151
Prepaid and other long-term assets	10,389		13,566
	$	43,426	$	40,205

Accrued Warranty

Accrued warranty liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Product performance	$	13,926	$	16,901
Product warranty	980		431
	$	14,906	$	17,332

Changes in the product warranty and product performance liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

Balances at December 31, 2022	$	17,332
Accrued warranty, net	17,474
Warranty expenditures during the six-month period	(19,900)
Balances at June 30, 2023	$	14,906

Schedule of Accrued Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Compensation and benefits	$	43,833	$	48,156
General invoice and purchase order accruals	26,854		44,010
Delaware grant	9,495		9,495
Sales-related liabilities	6,522		7,147
Accrued installation	5,618		7,905
Sales tax liabilities	5,192		6,172
Interest payable	4,581		3,128
Accrued legal expenses	3,724		4,403
Accrued consulting expenses	2,431		1,390
Provision for income tax	1,995		1,140
Finance lease liabilities	1,136		1,024
VAT interim liability	968		418
PPA IV upgrade financing obligations	247		6,076
Current portion of derivative liabilities	—		2,596
Other	1,252		1,123
	$	113,848	$	144,183

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Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

The following is a summary of our debt as of June 30, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

	Unpaid Principal Balance		Net Carrying Value						Interest Rate	Maturity Dates	Entity
			Current		Long- Term		Total
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028	632,500		—		613,407		613,407		3.0%	June 2028	Company
2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025	230,000		—		225,816		225,816		2.5%	August 2025	Company
Total recourse debt	862,500		—		839,223		839,223
3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 30, 2031	118,538		10,814		106,260		117,074		3.04%	June 2031	PPA V
4.6% Term Loan due March 2026	1,533		—		1,533		1,533		4.6%	March 2026	Korean Joint Venture
Total non-recourse debt	120,071		10,814		107,793		118,607
Total debt	$	982,571	$	10,814	$	947,016	$	957,830

The following is a summary of our debt as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands, except percentage data):

	Unpaid Principal Balance		Net Carrying Value						Interest Rate	Maturity Dates	Entity
			Current		Long- Term		Total
10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027	$	61,653	$	12,716	$	48,244	$	60,960	10.25%	March 2027	Company
2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025	230,000		—		224,832		224,832		2.5%	August 2025	Company
Total recourse debt	291,653		12,716		273,076		285,792
3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 30, 2031	127,430		13,307		112,480		125,787		3.04%	June 2031	PPA V
Total non-recourse debt	127,430		13,307		112,480		125,787
Total debt	$	419,083	$	26,023	$	385,556	$	411,579

Schedule of Repayment and Interest Expense

The following table presents details of our outstanding loan principal repayment schedule as of June 30, 2023 (in thousands):

Remainder of 2023	$	4,414
2024	11,483
2025	242,591
2026	15,356
2027	647,567
Thereafter	61,160
	$	982,571

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Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Leases

Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 1, 2	$	132,452	$	126,955
Current operating lease liabilities	(17,168)		(16,227)
Non-current operating lease liabilities	(137,667)		(132,363)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	(154,835)	$	(148,590)
Finance Leases:
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net 2, 3, 4	$	3,022	$	2,824
Current finance lease liabilities5	(1,136)		(1,024)
Non-current finance lease liabilities6	(2,074)		(1,971)
Total finance lease liabilities	$	(3,210)	$	(2,995)
Total lease liabilities	$	(158,045)	$	(151,585)

1 These assets primarily include leases for facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles.

2 Net of accumulated amortization.

3 These assets primarily include leases for vehicles.

4 Included in property, plant and equipment, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

5 Included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

6 Included in other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Schedule of Lease, Cost

The components of our facilities, Energy Servers, and vehicles’ lease costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease costs	$	8,166	$	6,049	$	15,965	$	11,885
Financing lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	194		263		395		521
Interest on lease liabilities	69		52		131		105
Total financing lease costs	263		315		526		626
Short-term lease costs	733		167		1,177		241
Total lease costs	$	9,162	$	6,531	$	17,668	$	12,752

Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for our facilities, Energy Servers and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases	8.0 years		8.6 years
Finance leases	3.4 years		3.3 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	12.4	%	10.3	%
Finance leases	9.1	%	6.9	%

Schedule of Finance Lease, Liability, Fiscal Year Maturity

Future lease payments under lease agreements for our facilities, Energy Servers and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	15,929	$	694
2024	27,750		1,245
2025	27,753		795
2026	27,621		554
2027	26,305		369
Thereafter	97,794		72
Total minimum lease payments	223,152		3,729
Less: amounts representing interest or imputed interest	(68,317)		(519)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	154,835	$	3,210

At June 30, 2023, future lease payments under the Managed Services Agreements financing obligations were as follows (in thousands):

	Financing Obligations
Remainder of 2023	$	22,819
2024	43,368
2025	42,358
2026	37,778
2027	21,441
Thereafter	37,237
Total minimum lease payments	205,001
Less: imputed interest	(109,937)
Present value of net minimum lease payments	95,064
Less: current financing obligations	(29,097)
Long-term financing obligations	$	65,967

Schedule of Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity

Future lease payments under lease agreements for our facilities, Energy Servers and vehicles as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	15,929	$	694
2024	27,750		1,245
2025	27,753		795
2026	27,621		554
2027	26,305		369
Thereafter	97,794		72
Total minimum lease payments	223,152		3,729
Less: amounts representing interest or imputed interest	(68,317)		(519)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	154,835	$	3,210

At June 30, 2023, future lease payments under the Managed Services Agreements financing obligations were as follows (in thousands):

	Financing Obligations
Remainder of 2023	$	22,819
2024	43,368
2025	42,358
2026	37,778
2027	21,441
Thereafter	37,237
Total minimum lease payments	205,001
Less: imputed interest	(109,937)
Present value of net minimum lease payments	95,064
Less: current financing obligations	(29,097)
Long-term financing obligations	$	65,967

Schedule of Sales-type Leases, Lease Receivable, Maturity

Future estimated operating lease payments we expect to receive from Portfolio Financing arrangements through PPA V Entity as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
Remainder of 2023	$	10,458
2024	21,238
2025	21,630
2026	22,092
2027	22,566
Thereafter	85,009
Total minimum lease payments	$	182,993

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Compensation Related Costs [Abstract]

Schedule of Employee and Non-Employee Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes the components of stock-based compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	5,067	$	4,767	$	9,228	$	8,627
Research and development	7,678		13,213		16,088		20,295
Sales and marketing	6,257		4,805		12,074		9,580
General and administrative	9,477		9,814		20,642		20,405
	$	28,479	$	32,599	$	58,032	$	58,907

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under our stock plans during the reporting period:

	Outstanding Options
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	(in thousands, except weighted average exercise price and remaining contractual life)
Balances at December 31, 2022	8,748,309	$	20.70	4.6	$	40,532
Exercised	(208,404)	7.21
Expired	(214,405)	30.39
Balances at June 30, 2023	8,325,500	20.79		4.0	27,715
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2023	8,323,858	20.79		4.0	27,700
Exercisable at June 30, 2023	8,280,499	$	20.86	4.0	$	27,293

The following table presents the stock activity and the total number of shares available for grant under our stock plans:

	Plan Shares Available for Grant
Balances at December 31, 2022	28,340,641
Added to plan	8,948,255
Granted	(4,399,477)
Cancelled/Forfeited	757,331
Expired	(188,617)
Balances at June 30, 2023	33,458,133

Schedule of Stock Award Activity

A summary of our stock awards activity and related information is as follows:

	Number of Awards Outstanding	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested Balance at December 31, 2022	9,549,035	$	19.99
Granted	4,469,242	18.57
Vested	(2,858,763)	18.31
Forfeited	(602,691)	21.43
Unvested Balance at June 30, 2023	10,556,823	$	19.76

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Portfolio Financings (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Variable Interest Entities

The following were the aggregate carrying values of our VIE’s assets and liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, after eliminations of intercompany transactions and balances, including the PPA Entity in the PPA V transaction as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	694	$	5,008
Restricted cash	650		550
Accounts receivable	1,800		2,072
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	679		1,927
Total current assets	3,823		9,557
Property, plant and equipment, net	126,159		133,285
Restricted cash	8,000		8,000
Other long-term assets	1,635		1,869
Total assets	$	139,617	$	152,711
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	24	$	1,037
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	662		662
Non-recourse debt	10,814		13,307
Total current liabilities	11,500		15,006
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	4,420		4,748
Non-recourse debt	106,260		112,480
Total liabilities	$	122,180	$	132,234

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Related Party Transactions (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Schedule of Related Party Transactions

Our operations included the following related party transactions (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Total revenue from related parties	$	4,585	$	10,233	$	5,418	$	17,699

Below is the summary of outstanding related party balances as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accounts receivable	$	5,999	$	4,257

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Net Loss per Share Available to Common Stockholders (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The following common stock equivalents (in thousands) were excluded from the computation of our net loss per share available to common stockholders, diluted, for the three and six months presented as their inclusion would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Convertible notes	31,146	14,187	22,713	14,187
Redeemable convertible preferred stock	13,492	11,000	7,454	11,000
Stock options and awards	3,611	4,655	5,345	4,894
	48,249	29,842	35,512	30,081

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SK ecoplant Strategic Investment (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Condensed Balance Sheet

The following are the aggregate carrying values of the Korean joint venture’s assets and liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, after eliminations of intercompany transactions and balances, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,819	$	2,591
Accounts receivable	5,999		4,257
Inventories	11,586		13,412
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,475		2,645
Total current assets	23,879		22,905
Property and equipment, net	1,051		1,141
Operating lease right-of-use assets	2,358		2,390
Other long-term assets	45		47
Total assets	$	27,333	$	26,483
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	954	$	5,607
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	939		1,355
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	—		2
Operating lease liabilities	404		393
Total current liabilities	2,297		7,357
Operating lease liabilities	1,814		2,000
Non-recourse debt	1,533		—
Total liabilities	$	5,644	$	9,357

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Nature of Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation (Details)				3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 01, 2023 USD ($)	May 16, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 20, 2023 shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) customer	Jun. 30, 2022 customer	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) customer	Jun. 30, 2022 customer	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) customer
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Long-term debt				$ 957,830,000		$ 957,830,000		$ 411,579,000
Sales Revenue, Net | Customer Concentration Risk
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Number of customers | customer				3	2	3	2
Sales Revenue, Net | Customer Concentration Risk | Customer One
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage				39.00%	57.00%	40.00%	45.00%
Sales Revenue, Net | Customer Concentration Risk | Customer Two
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage				22.00%	16.00%	13.00%	15.00%
Sales Revenue, Net | Customer Concentration Risk | Customer Three
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage				12.00%		12.00%
Accounts Receivable | Customer Concentration Risk
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Number of customers | customer						2		1
Accounts Receivable | Customer Concentration Risk | Customer One
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage						65.00%		75.00%
Accounts Receivable | Customer Concentration Risk | Customer Two
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage						19.00%
Asia Pacific | Sales Revenue, Net | Geographic Concentration Risk
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage				27.00%	62.00%	17.00%	63.00%
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Redemption price, percentage		130.00%
10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Interest rate percentage	10.25%
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs	$ 60,900,000
Redemption price, percentage	104.00%
SK Ecoplant | Second Tranche Closing
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Loan agreement term			5 years
SK Ecoplant | Series B preferred | Second Tranche Closing
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Shares sold in offering (in shares) | shares			13,491,701
Recourse Debt
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Long-term debt				$ 839,223,000		$ 839,223,000		$ 285,792,000
Senior Secured Notes | 3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Long-term debt				$ 613,407,000		$ 613,407,000
Debt face amount		$ 632,500,000
Interest rate percentage		3.00%		3.00%		3.00%
Debt instrument, unamortized discount		$ 15,800,000		$ 2,400,000		$ 2,400,000
Debt other issuance costs, net		3,800,000		$ 500,000		$ 500,000
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs		$ 612,900,000
Senior Secured Notes | 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Long-term debt								$ 60,960,000
Interest rate percentage				10.25%		10.25%		10.25%

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Revenue Recognition - Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	$ 351,021		$ 250,995
Contract assets	35,182	$ 47,778	46,727	$ 33,374	$ 13,533	$ 25,201
Customer deposits	78,820		121,085
Deferred revenue	$ 85,110		$ 94,355

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Revenue Recognition - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 29, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 85,110	$ 94,355
SK Ecoplant
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 0	$ 24,600	$ 37,000
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-07-01
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	21 years

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Revenue Recognition - Contract Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Contract With Customer, Asset, After Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 47,778	$ 13,533	$ 46,727	$ 25,201
Transferred to accounts receivable from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period	(23,228)	(1,387)	(27,404)	(15,963)
Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period	10,632	21,228	15,859	24,136
Ending balance	$ 35,182	$ 33,374	$ 35,182	$ 33,374

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Revenue Recognition - Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Contract With Customer, Liability, Deferred Revenue [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 87,848	$ 103,489	$ 94,355	$ 115,476
Additions	265,408	182,067	490,346	348,744
Revenue recognized	(268,146)	(189,179)	(499,591)	(367,843)
Ending balance	$ 85,110	$ 96,377	$ 85,110	$ 96,377

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Revenue Recognition - Revenue by Source (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue from contract with customers	$ 285,291	$ 227,574	$ 544,062	$ 412,595
Total revenue	301,095	243,236	576,286	444,275
Product
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue from contract with customers	214,706	173,625	408,451	307,172
Total revenue	214,706	173,625	408,451	307,172
Installation
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue from contract with customers	24,321	12,729	44,846	26,282
Total revenue	24,321	12,729	44,846	26,282
Service
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue from contract with customers	42,298	38,426	82,961	73,665
Total revenue	42,298	38,426	82,961	73,665
Electricity
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue from contract with customers	3,966	2,794	7,804	5,476
Electricity revenue	15,804	15,662	32,224	31,680
Total revenue	$ 19,770	$ 18,456	$ 40,028	$ 37,156

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Financial Instruments - Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	[1]	$ 767,055	$ 348,498
Restricted cash		155,489	169,868
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		922,544	518,366	$ 414,179	$ 615,114
Cash
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		307,575	226,463
Money market funds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		$ 614,969	$ 291,903

[1] 1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.

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Financial Instruments - Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2019
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Restricted cash, current	[1]	$ 45,811	$ 51,515
Restricted cash related to PPA Entities	[1]	109,678	118,353
Restricted cash		155,489	169,868
Consolidated Entity, Excluding Consolidated VIE
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Restricted cash, current		45,161	50,965
Restricted cash related to PPA Entities		101,678	110,353
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Restricted cash, current		650	550
Restricted cash related to PPA Entities		8,000	8,000
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary | Power Purchase Agreements Entities
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Restricted cash, current		650	550
Restricted cash related to PPA Entities		8,000	8,000
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary | PPA II
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Restricted cash, current		31,100	40,600
Restricted cash related to PPA Entities		16,300	28,500
Restricted cash		47,400	69,100
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary | PPA IIIB
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Restricted cash, current		800	1,200
Restricted cash related to PPA Entities		$ 6,700	$ 6,700
Restricted cash				$ 20,000

[1] 1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.

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Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash proceeds from derecognition of accounts receivable	$ 0	$ 90,900,000	$ 59,600,000	$ 137,300,000
Cost of factoring	$ 0	$ 900,000	$ 700,000	$ 1,200,000

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Fair Value - Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Total assets	$ 614,969	$ 291,903
Liabilities
Total liabilities	3,834	5,895
Money market funds
Assets
Money market funds	614,969	291,903
Embedded EPP derivatives
Liabilities
Derivatives	3,834	5,895
Level 1
Assets
Total assets	614,969	291,903
Liabilities
Total liabilities	0	0
Level 1 | Money market funds
Assets
Money market funds	614,969	291,903
Level 1 | Embedded EPP derivatives
Liabilities
Derivatives	0	0
Level 2
Assets
Total assets	0	0
Liabilities
Total liabilities	0	0
Level 2 | Money market funds
Assets
Money market funds	0	0
Level 2 | Embedded EPP derivatives
Liabilities
Derivatives	0	0
Level 3
Assets
Total assets	0	0
Liabilities
Total liabilities	3,834	5,895
Level 3 | Money market funds
Assets
Money market funds	0	0
Level 3 | Embedded EPP derivatives
Liabilities
Derivatives	$ 3,834	$ 5,895

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Fair Value - Change in Level 3 Financial Assets (Details) - Embedded EPP derivatives $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 5,895
EPP liability settlement	(3,160)
Changes in fair value	1,099
Ending balance	$ 3,834

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Fair Value - Estimated Fair Values and Carrying Values for Customer Receivables and Debt Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 01, 2023	May 16, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028 | Senior Secured Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate percentage	3.00%		3.00%
2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025 | Senior Secured Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate percentage	2.50%			2.50%
10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate percentage		10.25%
10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027 | Senior Secured Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate percentage	10.25%			10.25%
3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 2031 | Senior Secured Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate percentage	3.04%
4.6% Term Loan due March 2026
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate percentage	4.60%
4.6% Term Loan due March 2026 | Term Loan
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Interest rate percentage	4.60%
Net Carrying Value | 3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028 | Senior Secured Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt instrument	$ 613,407			$ 0
Net Carrying Value | 2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025 | Senior Secured Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt instrument	225,816			224,832
Net Carrying Value | 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027 | Senior Secured Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt instrument	0			60,960
Net Carrying Value | 3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 2031 | Senior Secured Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt instrument	117,074			125,787
Net Carrying Value | 4.6% Term Loan due March 2026 | Term Loan
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt instrument	1,533			0
Fair Value | 3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028 | Senior Secured Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt instrument	718,773			0
Fair Value | 2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025 | Senior Secured Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt instrument	278,415			309,488
Fair Value | 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027 | Senior Secured Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt instrument	0			60,472
Fair Value | 3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 2031 | Senior Secured Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt instrument	108,562			117,028
Fair Value | 4.6% Term Loan due March 2026 | Term Loan
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt instrument	$ 1,329			$ 0

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Balance Sheet Components - Inventories, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Raw materials		$ 223,526	$ 165,446
Finished goods		188,803	58,288
Work-in-progress		55,937	44,660
Inventory, net	[1]	468,266	268,394
Inventory reserves		$ 16,800	$ 17,200

[1] 1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.

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Balance Sheet Components - Prepaid Expense and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Receivables from employees		$ 10,922	$ 6,553
Deferred expenses		8,182	0
Tax receivables		4,422	3,676
Prepaid hardware and software maintenance		3,306	4,290
Prepaid managed services		2,773	4,405
Advance income tax provision		1,998	783
Deposits made		1,683	1,409
Prepaid workers compensation		1,163	5,536
Prepaid deferred commissions		832	1,002
Other prepaid expenses and other current assets		14,542	15,989
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	[1]	$ 49,823	$ 43,643

[1] 1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.

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Balance Sheet Components - Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross		$ 988,507	$ 944,598
Less: accumulated depreciation		(382,500)	(344,184)
Property, plant and equipment, net	[1]	606,007	600,414
Energy Servers
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross		545,047	538,912
Machinery and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross		159,171	145,555
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross		105,888	104,528
Construction-in-progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross		92,896	72,174
Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross		49,424	49,240
Computers, software and hardware
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross		26,359	24,608
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross		$ 9,722	$ 9,581

[1] 1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.

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Balance Sheet Components - Property Plant and Equipment, Net Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization			$ 35,668	$ 30,697
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	$ 226,000		226,000		$ 226,000
Accumulated depreciation	99,900		99,900		$ 92,700
Operating leases, depreciation expense	3,600	$ 5,600	7,200	11,500
Property, plant and equipment
Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 17,500	$ 16,300	$ 35,700	$ 30,700

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Balance Sheet Components - Other Long-Term Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Deferred commissions		$ 8,860	$ 8,320
Long-term lease receivable		7,817	8,076
Deferred expenses		6,669	0
Prepaid insurance		3,541	4,047
Deposits made		2,695	2,672
Prepaid managed services		2,056	2,373
Deferred tax asset		1,399	1,151
Prepaid and other long-term assets		10,389	13,566
Other long-term assets	[1]	$ 43,426	$ 40,205

[1] 1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.

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Balance Sheet Components - Accrued Warranty (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Product performance	$ 13,926	$ 16,901
Product warranty	980	431
Accrued warranty liabilities	$ 14,906	$ 17,332

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Balance Sheet Components - Standard Product Warranty Liability (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]
Accrued warranty beginning balance	$ 17,332
Accrued warranty, net	17,474
Warranty expenditures during the six-month period	(19,900)
Accrued warranty ending balance	$ 14,906

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Balance Sheet Components - Accrued Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Compensation and benefits		$ 43,833	$ 48,156
General invoice and purchase order accruals		26,854	44,010
Delaware grant		9,495	9,495
Sales-related liabilities		6,522	7,147
Accrued installation		5,618	7,905
Sales tax liabilities		5,192	6,172
Interest payable		4,581	3,128
Accrued legal expenses		3,724	4,403
Accrued consulting expenses		2,431	1,390
Provision for income tax		1,995	1,140
Finance lease liabilities		1,136	1,024
VAT interim liability		968	418
PPA IV upgrade financing obligations		247	6,076
Current portion of derivative liabilities		0	2,596
Other		1,252	1,123
Total current liabilities	[1]	$ 113,848	$ 144,183

[1] 1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.

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Balance Sheet Components - Preferred Stock (Details) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Preferred stock, par or stated (in dollars per share)		$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	13,491,701	0
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)	13,491,701	0
Series B preferred
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	13,491,701
Series A preferred
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)		10,000,000

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Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements - Schedule of Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 01, 2023	May 16, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 982,571			$ 419,083
Current portion of debt	10,814			26,023
Long-term portion of debt	947,016			385,556
Total	957,830			411,579
4.6% Term Loan due March 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unpaid Principal Balance	1,533
Current portion of debt	0
Long-term portion of debt	1,533
Total	$ 1,533
Interest rate percentage	4.60%
10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate percentage		10.25%
Senior Secured Notes | 3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 632,500
Current portion of debt	0
Long-term portion of debt	613,407
Total	$ 613,407
Interest rate percentage	3.00%		3.00%
Senior Secured Notes | 2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 230,000			230,000
Current portion of debt	0			0
Long-term portion of debt	225,816			224,832
Total	$ 225,816			$ 224,832
Interest rate percentage	2.50%			2.50%
Senior Secured Notes | 3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 30, 2031
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 118,538			$ 127,430
Current portion of debt	10,814			13,307
Long-term portion of debt	106,260			112,480
Total	$ 117,074			$ 125,787
Interest rate percentage	3.04%			3.04%
Senior Secured Notes | 10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unpaid Principal Balance				$ 61,653
Current portion of debt				12,716
Long-term portion of debt				48,244
Total				$ 60,960
Interest rate percentage	10.25%			10.25%
Recourse Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 862,500			$ 291,653
Current portion of debt	0			12,716
Long-term portion of debt	839,223			273,076
Total	839,223			285,792
Non-recourse Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unpaid Principal Balance	120,071			127,430
Current portion of debt	10,814			13,307
Long-term portion of debt	107,793			112,480
Total	$ 118,607			$ 125,787

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Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements - Recourse Debt Facilities Narrative (Details)					1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) day shares	Jun. 01, 2023 USD ($)	May 16, 2023 USD ($) shares $ / shares	May 11, 2023 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2020 shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense						$ 14,000,000	$ 13,800,000	$ 25,700,000	$ 27,900,000
Purchase of capped call related to convertible notes				$ (54,500,000)		(54,522,000)		(54,522,000)
Loss on extinguishment of debt						(2,873,000)	(4,233,000)	(2,873,000)	(4,233,000)
Non-recourse debt	$ 10,814,000					10,814,000		10,814,000		$ 26,023,000
Contractual interest expense						13,953,000	13,814,000	25,699,000	27,901,000
Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 982,571,000					$ 982,571,000		$ 982,571,000		$ 419,083,000
Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 0.1000
Number of shares underlying the Capped Calls (in shares) | shares			33,549,508
Convertible stock price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 26,460
Convertible stock price premium			100.00%
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price, percentage			130.00%
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028 | Senior Secured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	3.00%		3.00%			3.00%		3.00%
Debt face amount			$ 632,500,000
Debt instrument, unamortized discount	$ 2,400,000		15,800,000			$ 2,400,000		$ 2,400,000
Debt other issuance costs, net	$ 500,000		3,800,000			$ 500,000		$ 500,000
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs			612,900,000
Additional purchase option			$ 82,500,000
Debt instrument, percentage of product closing price			98.00%
Period to receive special interest in event of default								180 days
Special interest received in event of default as percentage of principal	0.50%					0.50%		0.50%
Convertible, conversion ratio								0.0530427
Effective percentage			3.80%
Interest expense						$ 2,900,000
Unamortized debt issuance cost	$ 19,100,000					19,100,000		$ 19,100,000
Non-recourse debt	0					0		0
Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 632,500,000					$ 632,500,000		$ 632,500,000
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028 | Senior Secured Notes | Debt Conversion Terms Two
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Threshold trading days | day	5
Threshold consecutive trading days | day	5
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028 | Senior Secured Notes | Debt Conversion Terms One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Threshold trading days | shares					20
Threshold consecutive trading days | shares					30
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028 | Senior Secured Notes | Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Initial strike price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 18,850
Number of shares convertible from notes | shares	47,807,955					47,807,955		47,807,955
3% Green Convertible Senior Notes due June 2028 | Senior Secured Notes | Maximum | Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Convertible, number of equity instruments (in shares) | shares			22,543
10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate		10.25%
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs		$ 60,900,000
Redemption price, percentage		104.00%
10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027 | Senior Secured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	10.25%					10.25%		10.25%		10.25%
Non-recourse debt										$ 12,716,000
Contractual interest expense						$ 1,000,000	1,900,000	$ 2,700,000	3,800,000
Amortization of issuance costs						0	100,000	100,000	200,000
Unpaid Principal Balance										$ 61,653,000
10.25% Senior Secured Notes due March 2027 | Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate										10.25%
Secured long-term debt, noncurrent	$ 57,600,000					$ 57,600,000		$ 57,600,000		$ 48,900,000
Called and retired, percentage						1.04
Premium percentage	0.04					0.04		0.04
Debt instrument, unamortized premium	$ 2,300,000					$ 2,300,000		$ 2,300,000
Accrued interest	$ 1,000,000					$ 1,000,000		1,000,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt								$ (2,900,000)
Non-recourse debt										$ 12,700,000
2.5% Green Convertible Senior Notes due August 2025 | Senior Secured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	2.50%					2.50%		2.50%		2.50%
Non-recourse debt	$ 0					$ 0		$ 0		$ 0
Contractual interest expense						2,000,000	2,000,000	3,900,000	3,900,000
Amortization of issuance costs						500,000	$ 500,000	1,000,000	$ 1,000,000
Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 230,000,000					$ 230,000,000		$ 230,000,000		$ 230,000,000
4.6% Term Loan due March 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	4.60%					4.60%		4.60%
Non-recourse debt	$ 0					$ 0		$ 0
Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 1,533,000					$ 1,533,000		$ 1,533,000

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Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements - Non-recourse Debt Facilities (Details) - Senior Secured Notes - 3.04% Senior Secured Notes due June 2031 - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	3.04%
Debt minimum debt service reserves required	$ 8.0	$ 8.0
PPA Company IIIA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate		3.04%

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Outstanding Loans and Security Agreements - Schedule of Repayments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Long-term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Remainder of 2023	$ 4,414		$ 4,414
2024	11,483		11,483
2025	242,591		242,591
2026	15,356		15,356
2027	647,567		647,567
Thereafter	61,160		61,160
Total	982,571		982,571		$ 419,083
Interest expense	$ 14,000	$ 13,800	$ 25,700	$ 27,900

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Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Rent expense	$ 5,700	$ 4,700	$ 11,300	$ 9,200
Financing obligations	$ 424,811		$ 424,811		$ 442,063

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Leases - Operating and Financing Lease Right-of-Use Assets and Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets and Liabilities, Lessee:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	[1]	$ 132,452	$ 126,955
Current operating lease liabilities	[1]	(17,168)	(16,227)
Non-current operating lease liabilities	[1]	(137,667)	(132,363)
Total operating lease liabilities		$ (154,835)	$ (148,590)
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Property, plant and equipment, net	Property, plant and equipment, net
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net		$ 3,022	$ 2,824
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Other Liabilities, Current	Other Liabilities, Current
Less: current financing obligations		$ (1,136)	$ (1,024)
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Other Liabilities, Noncurrent	Other Liabilities, Noncurrent
Non-current finance lease liabilities		$ (2,074)	$ (1,971)
Present value of net minimum lease payments		(3,210)	(2,995)
Total lease liabilities		$ (158,045)	$ (151,585)

[1] 1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.

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Leases - Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease costs	$ 8,166	$ 6,049	$ 15,965	$ 11,885
Amortization of right-of-use assets	194	263	395	521
Interest on lease liabilities	69	52	131	105
Total financing lease costs	263	315	526	626
Short-term lease costs	733	167	1,177	241
Total lease costs	$ 9,162	$ 6,531	$ 17,668	$ 12,752

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Leases - Weighted Average Remaining Lease Terms and Discount Rates (Details)	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases	8 years	8 years 7 months 6 days
Finance leases	3 years 4 months 24 days	3 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	12.40%	10.30%
Finance leases	9.10%	6.90%

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Leases - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Leases
Remainder of 2023	$ 15,929		$ 15,929
2024	27,750		27,750
2025	27,753		27,753
2026	27,621		27,621
2027	26,305		26,305
Thereafter	97,794		97,794
Total minimum lease payments	223,152		223,152
Less: amounts representing interest or imputed interest	(68,317)		(68,317)
Present value of lease liabilities	154,835		154,835		$ 148,590
Finance Leases
Remainder of 2023	694		694
2024	1,245		1,245
2025	795		795
2026	554		554
2027	369		369
Thereafter	72		72
Total minimum lease payments	3,729		3,729
Less: imputed interest	(519)		(519)
Present value of net minimum lease payments	3,210		3,210		2,995
Less: current financing obligations	(1,136)		(1,136)		(1,024)
Long-term financing obligations	2,074		2,074		$ 1,971
Total revenue from contract with customers	285,291	$ 227,574	544,062	$ 412,595
Total lease costs	9,162	6,531	17,668	12,752
Product
Finance Leases
Total revenue from contract with customers	214,706	173,625	408,451	307,172
Installation
Finance Leases
Total revenue from contract with customers	24,321	12,729	44,846	26,282
Managed Services | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Finance Leases
Remainder of 2023	22,819		22,819
2024	43,368		43,368
2025	42,358		42,358
2026	37,778		37,778
2027	21,441		21,441
Thereafter	37,237		37,237
Total minimum lease payments	205,001		205,001
Less: imputed interest	(109,937)		(109,937)
Present value of net minimum lease payments	95,064		95,064
Less: current financing obligations	(29,097)		(29,097)
Long-term financing obligations	65,967		65,967
Recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities from sale and leaseback transactions	3,800	0	9,300	0
Total lease costs	2,300	$ 1,300	4,400	$ 2,600
Managed Services | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary | Product
Finance Leases
Total revenue from contract with customers	8,500		15,800
Managed Services | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary | Installation
Finance Leases
Total revenue from contract with customers	1,800		4,800
Managed Services | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary | Financing Obligations
Finance Leases
Total revenue from contract with customers	$ 1,500		$ 2,700

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Leases - Payment to be Received (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Total minimum lease payments	$ 182,993
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary | Portfolio Financing
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remainder of 2023	10,458
2024	21,238
2025	21,630
2026	22,092
2027	22,566
Thereafter	$ 85,009

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans - Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 28,479	$ 32,599	$ 58,032	$ 58,907
Cost of revenue
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	5,067	4,767	9,228	8,627
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	7,678	13,213	16,088	20,295
Sales and marketing
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	6,257	4,805	12,074	9,580
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 9,477	$ 9,814	$ 20,642	$ 20,405

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans - Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Outstanding Options/RSUs, Number of Shares
Outstanding, beginning (in shares)	8,748,309
Exercised (in shares)	(208,404)
Expired (in Shares)	(214,405)
Outstanding, ending (in shares)	8,325,500	8,748,309
Vested and expected to vest (in shares)	8,323,858
Exercisable (in shares)	8,280,499
Outstanding Options Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning (in dollars per share)	$ 20.70
Exercised (in dollar per shares)	7.21
Expired (in dollar per shares)	30.39
Outstanding, ending (in dollars per share)	20.79	$ 20.70
Vested and expected to vest (in dollars per share)	20.79
Exercisable (in dollars per share)	$ 20.86
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Outstanding, remaining contractual life	4 years	4 years 7 months 6 days
Outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 27,715	$ 40,532
Vested and expected to vest, remaining contractual life	4 years
Vested and expected to vest, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 27,700
Exercisable, remaining contractual life	4 years
Exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 27,293

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans - Stock Options Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Arrangements with Employees and Nonemployees [Abstract]
Unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options	$ 0.2		$ 0.2		$ 0.4
Expense expected to be recognized over remaining weighted-average period			8 months 12 days		10 months 24 days
Cash received from stock options exercised	$ 0.7	$ 0.3	$ 1.5	$ 1.3
Class A common stock
Share-based Arrangements with Employees and Nonemployees [Abstract]
Granted (in shares)	0	0	0	0
Employee Stock Option
Share-based Arrangements with Employees and Nonemployees [Abstract]
Allocated share-based compensation expense	$ 0.1	$ 3.4	$ 0.2	$ 5.5

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans - Stock Award Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Number of Awards Outstanding
Unvested balance (in shares) | shares	9,549,035
Granted (in shares) | shares	4,469,242
Vested (in shares) | shares	(2,858,763)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(602,691)
Unvested balance (in shares) | shares	10,556,823
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 19.99
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	18.57
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	18.31
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	21.43
Unvested balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 19.76

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans - Stock Awards Narrative (Details) - Restricted Stock Units - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Allocated share-based compensation expense	$ 23.0	$ 25.0	$ 45.7	$ 46.0
Unrecognized stock-based compensation cost	$ 159.9		$ 159.9		$ 135.7
Expense expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period			2 years 2 months 12 days		1 year 10 months 24 days

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans - Executive Awards Narrative (Details) - 2023 Executive Awards	Feb. 15, 2023
Restricted Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation vesting period	3 years
Performance Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation vesting period	3 years

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans - Number of Shares Available for Grant (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Available for Grant [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	28,340,641
Added to plan (in shares)	8,948,255
Granted (in shares)	(4,399,477)
Cancelled/Forfeited (in shares)	757,331
Expired (in shares)	(188,617)
Ending Balance (in shares)	33,458,133

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Employee Benefit Plans - Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Details) - 2018 ESPP - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP), compensation expense	$ 5.9	$ 4.4	$ 12.4	$ 6.9
Number of shares issued (in shares)			449,525	420,689
Number of additional shares authorized (in shares)			2,239,563	2,055,792
Number of common stock reserved for issuance (in shares)	15,630,754		15,630,754		13,840,716
Unrecognized stock-based compensation cost	$ 14.9		$ 14.9		$ 12.0
Expense expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period			8 months 12 days		7 months 6 days

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Portfolio Financings - Schedule of PPA Entities' Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	[1]	$ 767,055	$ 348,498
Restricted cash	[1]	45,811	51,515
Accounts receivable	[1]	351,021	250,995
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	[1]	49,823	43,643
Total current assets		1,776,399	1,055,963
Restricted cash	[1]	109,678	118,353
Other long-term assets	[1]	43,426	40,205
Total assets		2,719,902	1,946,627
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	[1]	113,848	144,183
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	[1]	137,704	159,048
Non-recourse debt	[1]	10,814	13,307
Total current liabilities		828,548	541,946
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	[1]	26,226	56,392
Non-recourse debt	[1]	107,793	112,480
Total liabilities		2,373,667	1,567,811
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		694	5,008
Restricted cash		650	550
Accounts receivable		1,800	2,072
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		679	1,927
Total current assets		3,823	9,557
Property, plant and equipment, net		126,159	133,285
Restricted cash		8,000	8,000
Other long-term assets		1,635	1,869
Total assets		139,617	152,711
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		24	1,037
Deferred revenue and customer deposits		662	662
Non-recourse debt		10,814	13,307
Total current liabilities		11,500	15,006
Deferred revenue and customer deposits		4,420	4,748
Non-recourse debt		106,260	112,480
Total liabilities		$ 122,180	$ 132,234

[1] 1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total revenue from related parties		$ 301,095	$ 243,236	$ 576,286	$ 444,275
Accounts receivable	[1]	351,021		351,021		$ 250,995
Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total revenue from related parties		4,585	$ 10,233	5,418	$ 17,699
Accounts receivable		$ 5,999		$ 5,999		$ 4,257

[1] 1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
		Jan. 06, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2012
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Restricted cash			$ 155,489		$ 155,489			$ 169,868
Restricted cash	[1]		45,811		45,811			51,515
Restricted cash	[1]		109,678		109,678			118,353
Grants receivable											$ 16,500
Proceeds from government grants					12,000
Grant agreement, maximum possible repayment amount, recapture period three			2,500		2,500
Grant agreement, recapture provision repayments									$ 1,000	$ 1,500
Delaware grant			9,500		9,500			9,500
Settlement amount		$ 3,000
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Restricted cash			650		650			550
Restricted cash			8,000		8,000			8,000
PPA II | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Restricted cash			47,400		47,400			69,100
Restricted cash			31,100		31,100			40,600
Restricted cash			16,300		16,300			28,500
PPA IIIB | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Restricted cash							$ 20,000
Restricted cash			800		800			1,200
Restricted cash			6,700		6,700			$ 6,700
Term of customer contract for negotiated rates							7 years
PPA IIIB | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary | Customer Contract Tranche One
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Term of customer contract for negotiated rates							5 years
PPA IIIB | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary | Customer Contract Tranche Two
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Term of customer contract for negotiated rates							2 years
PPA Company 5
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
PPA expenses			$ 4,100	$ 9,400	$ 19,900	$ 9,700

[1] 1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax provision (benefit)	$ 178	$ (12)	$ 437	$ 552
Pre-tax loss	$ (68,881)	$ (121,177)	$ (143,539)	$ (203,360)
Effective income tax rate	(0.30%)	0.01%	(0.30%)	(0.30%)

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Net Loss per Share Available to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Antidilutive Securities (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	48,249	29,842	35,512	30,081
Convertible notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	31,146	14,187	22,713	14,187
Redeemable convertible preferred stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	13,492	11,000	7,454	11,000
Stock options and awards
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	3,611	4,655	5,345	4,894

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SK ecoplant Strategic Investment - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands				1 Months Ended	2 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 20, 2023 USD ($) installment $ / shares shares	Aug. 10, 2022 shares	Oct. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 29, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Deferred revenue						$ 85,110		$ 85,110		$ 94,355
Derecognition of the pre-modification forward contract fair value								76,242
Loan commitment asset						5,259		5,259		0
Loan commitment asset						47,533		47,533		0
Deferred revenue and customer deposits								26,766	$ 10,158
Second Tranche Closing
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Change in fair value		$ 16,100
SK Ecoplant
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Purchase commitment period				3 years
Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock				$ 218,000
Change in fair value					$ 9,700
Deferred revenue					$ 37,000	0		0		24,600
Revenue recognized						0	$ 3,500	0	$ 4,700
Deferred revenue, current										10,000
Deferred revenue, noncurrent										$ 14,600
SK Ecoplant | Initial Investment
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Deferred revenue and customer deposits		24,600
SK Ecoplant | Second Tranche Closing
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Net proceeds from stock offering		$ 311,000
Deferred revenue						39,500		39,500
Loan agreement term		5 years
Interest rate		4.60%
Loan commitment asset						52,800		52,800
Loan commitment asset						5,300		5,300
Loan commitment asset						47,500		47,500
Total consideration		$ 363,800
Excess consideration						14,900		14,900
Number of installments | installment		1
Redemption notice period		4 months
Conversion period		6 months
SK Ecoplant | Second Tranche Closing | SK Ecoplant
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Total consideration		$ 403,300
SK Ecoplant | Second Tranche Closing | Minimum
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Installment period following written notice of redemption		60 days
Conversion period		4 months
SK Ecoplant | Second Tranche Closing | Maximum
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Installment period following written notice of redemption		90 days
Conversion period		6 months
SK Ecoplant | Second Tranche Closing | Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Excess consideration						8,200		8,200
SK Ecoplant | Second Tranche Closing | Other long-term assets
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Excess consideration						$ 6,700		$ 6,700
SK Ecoplant | Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | Initial Investment
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Shares sold in offering (in shares) | shares				10,000,000
Temporary equity, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares				$ 0.0001
Offering price per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares				$ 25.50
Net proceeds from stock offering				$ 255,000
SK Ecoplant | Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | Second Tranche Closing
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Derecognition of the pre-modification forward contract fair value	$ 76,200
SK Ecoplant | Class A common stock | Option To Purchase
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Shares sold in offering (in shares) | shares			13,491,701
SK Ecoplant | Series B preferred | Second Tranche Closing
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Shares sold in offering (in shares) | shares		13,491,701
Temporary equity, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.0001
Offering price per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 23.05

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SK ecoplant Strategic Investment - Schedule of Aggregate Carrying Values (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	[1]	$ 767,055	$ 348,498
Accounts receivable	[1]	351,021	250,995
Inventories	[1]	468,266	268,394
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	[1]	49,823	43,643
Total current assets		1,776,399	1,055,963
Operating lease right-of-use assets	[1]	132,452	126,955
Other long-term assets	[1]	43,426	40,205
Total assets		2,719,902	1,946,627
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	[1]	194,503	161,770
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	[1]	113,848	144,183
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	[1]	137,704	159,048
Operating lease liabilities	[1]	17,168	16,227
Total current liabilities		828,548	541,946
Operating lease liabilities	[1]	137,667	132,363
Non-recourse debt	[1]	107,793	112,480
Total liabilities		2,373,667	1,567,811
SK Ecoplant
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		4,819	2,591
Accounts receivable		5,999	4,257
Inventories		11,586	13,412
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,475	2,645
Total current assets		23,879	22,905
Property, plant and equipment, net		1,051	1,141
Operating lease right-of-use assets		2,358	2,390
Other long-term assets		45	47
Total assets		27,333	26,483
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable		954	5,607
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		939	1,355
Deferred revenue and customer deposits		0	2
Operating lease liabilities		404	393
Total current liabilities		2,297	7,357
Operating lease liabilities		1,814	2,000
Non-recourse debt		1,533	0
Total liabilities		$ 5,644	$ 9,357

[1] 1We have a variable interest entity related to PPA V (see Note 10 - Portfolio Financings) and a joint venture in the Republic of Korea (see Note 15 - SK ecoplant Strategic Investment), which represent a portion of the consolidated balances recorded within these financial statement line items.