EX-99.1 2 exhibit99112-31x2018single.htm EXHIBIT 99.1 Exhibit
TRITON INTERNATIONAL REPORTS FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR 2018 RESULTS
AND DECLARES QUARTERLY DIVIDEND OF $0.52

Hamilton, Bermuda – February 14, 2019 – Triton International Limited (NYSE: TRTN) ("Triton")

Highlights
Adjusted net income was $99.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2018, or $1.25 per diluted share, an increase of 47.1% per diluted share from the fourth quarter of 2017 and an increase of 6.8% per diluted share from the third quarter of 2018.
Net income attributable to shareholders was $69.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2018, or $0.87 per diluted share. Net income attributable to shareholders was reduced by $24.7 million non-cash income tax expense for intra-entity transfers of containers.
Adjusted net income was $363.0 million for the full year of 2018, or $4.52 per diluted share, an increase of 62.6% per diluted share from 2017.
Net income attributable to shareholders was $349.6 million for the full year of 2018, or $4.35 per diluted share.
Utilization averaged 98.2% for the fourth quarter of 2018 and averaged 98.6% for the full year 2018.
Triton has purchased 2.1 million shares under the share repurchase program authorized in August 2018.
Triton's Board of Directors announced a quarterly dividend of $0.52 per share payable on March 28, 2019 to shareholders of record as of March 12, 2019.

Financial Results
The following table summarizes Triton’s selected key financial information for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and for the three months ended September 30, 2018.
 
(in millions, except per share data)
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Twelve Months Ended
 
December 31, 2018
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Total leasing revenues
$
355.4

 
 
$
350.1

 
 
$
313.9

 
 
$
1,350.3

 
 
$
1,163.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to shareholders
$
69.6

(4) 
 
$
94.2

 
 
$
207.2

(5) 
 
$
349.6

(3)(4) 
 
$
344.6

(5) 
Net income per share - Diluted
$
0.87

 
 
$
1.17

 
 
$
2.57

 
 
$
4.35

 
 
$
4.52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-GAAP (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted net income
$
99.4

 
 
$
94.8

 
 
$
68.3

 
 
$
363.0

 
 
$
211.5

 
Adjusted net income per share - Diluted
$
1.25

 
 
$
1.17

 
 
$
0.85

 
 
$
4.52

 
 
$
2.78

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on equity (2)
17.7

%
 
16.9

%
 
13.6

%
 
16.7

%
 
11.8

%
(1)
Refer to the "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Non-GAAP Reconciliations of Adjusted Net Income" set forth below.
(2)
Refer to the "Calculation of Return on Equity" set forth below.
(3)
Net income attributable to shareholders was increased by a one-time gain of $21.0 million on the sale of a building.
(4)
Net income attributable to shareholders was reduced by $24.7 million tax expense related to the intra-entity transfer of assets.
(5)
Net income attributable to shareholders was increased by a one-time tax benefit of $139.4 million recognized as a result of the reduction in the U.S. statutory corporate tax rate as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.



1


Operating Performance
"Triton’s strong performance in the fourth quarter of 2018 provided an excellent finish to an outstanding year", commented Brian M. Sondey, Chief Executive Officer of Triton. "We generated $99.4 million of Adjusted net income in the fourth quarter, or $1.25 per share, which represents an increase of 6.8% from the third quarter of 2018 and an increase of 47.1% from the fourth quarter of 2017. Our Adjusted net income for the full year of 2018 was $363.0 million, or $4.52 per share, which represents an increase of 62.6% from 2017. We also realized a Return on equity of 16.7% for the full year of 2018 and annualized Return on equity of 17.7% in the fourth quarter."

"Triton’s strong financial results in 2018 were driven by outstanding operational performance, our unique competitive advantages and a favorable market environment. Container pick-up activity remained strong for most of the year, reflecting ongoing trade growth and a tight supply / demand balance for containers. We also continued to benefit from an increase in the share for leasing relative to direct container purchases by our customers, and a continued high leasing deal share for Triton."

"The start of the fourth quarter typically marks the end of the peak season for dry containers, and net container pick-up and drop-off activity has turned negative. New container prices have also decreased to the $1,700 range due to a combination of lower steel prices and aggressive competition among the container manufacturers for limited slow-season orders. However, our long-term lease portfolio provides significant insulation from seasonal variation, and our utilization currently stands at 97.6%."

"Triton continues to use our strong and stable cash flow to create shareholder value. We ordered $1.5 billion of containers for delivery in 2018, leading to 8.8% growth in revenue earning assets. We returned $2.01 per share to investors in 2018 through our dividend program, and we have so far repurchased 2.1 million shares under the share repurchase plan authorized in August 2018."

Outlook
Mr. Sondey continued, "We are carrying significant financial momentum into 2019 and expect that we will have another year of strong performance, continued value-added growth and a further extension of our market leadership. While the ongoing trade dispute between the United States and China has increased trade and economic uncertainty, our customers and market forecasters generally expect global containerized trade growth to remain solidly positive in 2019. The inventory of available used leasing containers also remains very tight and we expect our shipping line customers to continue to rely heavily on leasing."

"The first quarter is typically our weakest quarter of the year since it represents the depth of the slow season for dry containers and has the fewest number of billing days. As a result, we expect our Adjusted net income will decrease from the fourth quarter of 2018 to the first quarter of 2019. After the first quarter, we expect our adjusted income to increase moderately throughout the year as leasing demand improves seasonally."

Dividend
Triton’s Board of Directors has approved and declared a $0.52 per share quarterly cash dividend on its issued and outstanding common shares, payable on March 28, 2019 to shareholders of record at the close of business on March 12, 2019.

Share Repurchase Update
As of February 8, 2019, we have repurchased 2.1 million common shares for a total of $65.1 million at an average price per-share of $31.44. Currently, $134.9 million remains available of the $200.0 million share repurchase authorized by the Board in August 2018.

Investors’ Webcast
Triton will hold a Webcast at 8:30 a.m. (New York time) on Thursday, February 14, 2019 to discuss its fourth quarter results. To listen by phone, please dial 1-877-418-5277 (domestic) or 1-412-717-9592 (international) approximately 15 minutes prior to the start time and reference the Triton International Limited conference call. To access the live

2


Webcast please visit Triton's website at http://www.trtn.com. An archive of the Webcast will be available one hour after the live call.

About Triton International Limited
Triton International Limited is the world’s largest lessor of intermodal freight containers. With a container fleet of 6.2 million twenty-foot equivalent units ("TEU"), Triton’s global operations include acquisition, leasing, re-leasing and subsequent sale of multiple types of intermodal containers and chassis.

Contact
Andrew Greenberg
Senior Vice President
Finance & Investor Relations
(914) 697-2900


3


The following table summarizes the equipment fleet utilization for the periods indicated:

 
Quarter Ended
 
December 31, 2018
 
September 30, 2018
 
June 30, 2018
 
March 31, 2018
Average Utilization (1)
98.2
%
 
98.7
%
 
98.8
%
 
98.6
%
Ending Utilization (1)
97.8
%
 
98.6
%
 
98.7
%
 
98.7
%
(1)
Utilization is computed by dividing total units on lease (in cost equivalent units, or "CEUs") by the total units in fleet (in CEUs), excluding new units not yet leased and off-hire units designated for sale.

The following table summarizes the equipment fleet as of December 31, 2018 (in units, TEUs and cost equivalent units, or "CEUs"):

 
Equipment Fleet in Units
 
Equipment Fleet in TEU
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Dry
3,340,946

 
3,077,144

 
5,476,406

 
5,000,043

Refrigerated
228,778

 
218,429

 
440,781

 
419,673

Special
93,900

 
89,066

 
169,614

 
159,172

Tank
12,509

 
12,124

 
12,509

 
12,124

Chassis
24,832

 
22,523

 
45,787

 
41,068

Equipment leasing fleet
3,700,965

 
3,419,286

 
6,145,097

 
5,632,080

Equipment trading fleet
13,138

 
10,510

 
21,361

 
16,907

Total
3,714,103

 
3,429,796

 
6,166,458

 
5,648,987


 
Equipment Fleet in CEU
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Operating leases
7,009,605

 
6,678,282

Finance leases
538,867

 
328,024

Equipment trading fleet
47,476

 
51,762

Total
7,595,948

 
7,058,068



















4




Important Cautionary Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this release, other than purely historical information, are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Statements that include the words "expect," "intend," "plan," "believe," "project," "anticipate," "will," "may," "would" and similar statements of a future or forward-looking nature may be used to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements address matters that involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond Triton's control. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in such statements and, therefore, you should not place undue reliance on any such statements.

These factors include, without limitation, economic, business, competitive, market and regulatory conditions and the following: decreases in the demand for leased containers; decreases in market leasing rates for containers; difficulties in re-leasing containers after their initial fixed-term leases; our customers' decisions to buy rather than lease containers; our dependence on a limited number of customers for a substantial portion of our revenues; customer defaults; decreases in the selling prices of used containers; extensive competition in the container leasing industry; difficulties stemming from the international nature of our business; decreases in the demand for international trade; disruption to our operations resulting from the political and economic policies of the United States and other countries, particularly China, including but not limited to the impact of trade wars and tariffs; disruption to our operations from failures of, or attacks on, our information technology systems; disruption to our operations as a result of natural disasters; our compliance or failure to comply with laws and regulations related to economic and trade sanctions, security, anti-terrorism, environmental protection and corruption; our ability to obtain sufficient capital to support our growth; restrictions imposed by the terms of our debt agreements; changes in tax laws in, Bermuda, the United States and other countries and other risks and uncertainties, including those risk factors set forth in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in our Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), on February 27, 2018, in any Form 10-Q filed or to be filed by Triton, and in other documents we file with the SEC from time to time.

The foregoing list of important factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included herein and elsewhere. Any forward-looking statements made herein are qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements, and there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments anticipated by us will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on Triton or its business or operations. Except to the extent required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.













-Financial Tables Follow-

5



TRITON INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share data)
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
ASSETS:
 
 
 
Leasing equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $2,533,446 and $2,218,897
$
8,923,451

 
$
8,364,484

Net investment in finance leases
478,065

 
295,891

Equipment held for sale
66,453

 
43,195

Revenue earning assets
9,467,969

 
8,703,570

Cash and cash equivalents
48,950

 
132,031

Restricted cash
110,589

 
94,140

Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,240 and $3,002
264,382

 
199,876

Goodwill
236,665

 
236,665

Lease intangibles, net of accumulated amortization of $205,532 and $144,081
92,925

 
154,376

Other assets
34,610

 
49,591

Fair value of derivative instruments
13,923

 
7,376

Total assets
$
10,270,013

 
$
9,577,625

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
 
 
 
Equipment purchases payable
$
22,392

 
$
128,133

Fair value of derivative instruments
10,966

 
2,503

Accounts payable and other accrued expenses
99,885

 
109,999

Net deferred income tax liability
282,129

 
215,439

Debt, net of unamortized debt costs of $44,889 and $40,636
7,529,432

 
6,911,725

Total liabilities
7,944,804

 
7,367,799

Shareholders' equity:
 
 
 
Common shares, $0.01 par value, 270,000,000 and 294,000,000 shares authorized, 80,843,472 and 80,687,757 shares issued, respectively
809

 
807

Undesignated shares, $0.01 par value, 30,000,000 and 6,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding

 

Treasury shares, at cost, 1,853,148 shares and no shares, respectively
(58,114
)
 

Additional paid-in capital
896,811

 
889,168

Accumulated earnings
1,349,627

 
1,159,367

Accumulated other comprehensive income
14,563

 
26,942

Total shareholders' equity
2,203,696

 
2,076,284

Non-controlling interests
121,513

 
133,542

Total equity
$
2,325,209

 
$
2,209,826

Total liabilities and equity
$
10,270,013

 
$
9,577,625

   

6



TRITON INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share data)
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Twelve Months ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Leasing revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating leases
$
347,110

 
$
308,751

 
$
1,328,756

 
$
1,141,165

Finance leases
8,247

 
5,105

 
21,547

 
22,352

Total leasing revenues
355,357

 
313,856

 
1,350,303

 
1,163,517

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equipment trading revenues
26,273

 
7,206

 
83,039

 
37,419

Equipment trading expenses
(20,147
)
 
(6,111
)
 
(64,118
)
 
(33,235
)
Trading margin
6,126

 
1,095

 
18,921

 
4,184

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gain (loss) on sale of leasing equipment
7,999

 
10,749

 
35,377

 
35,812

Net gain (loss) on sale of building

 

 
20,953

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
139,474

 
130,168

 
545,138

 
500,720

Direct operating expenses
15,594

 
11,495

 
48,326

 
62,891

Administrative expenses
19,712

 
21,341

 
80,033

 
87,609

Transaction and other costs (income)
116

 
5,932

 
88

 
9,272

Provision (reversal) for doubtful accounts
(782
)
 
2,103

 
(231
)
 
3,347

Insurance recovery income

 
(6,764
)
 

 
(6,764
)
Total operating expenses
174,114

 
164,275

 
673,354

 
657,075

Operating income
195,368

 
161,425

 
752,200

 
546,438

Other expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest and debt expense
86,104

 
74,271

 
322,731

 
282,347

Realized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net
(724
)
 
(2
)
 
(2,072
)
 
900

Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net
1,405

 
(1,317
)
 
430

 
(1,397
)
Debt termination expense
4,239

 
2,857

 
6,090

 
6,973

Other (income) expense, net
(1,540
)
 
(1,085
)
 
(2,292
)
 
(2,637
)
Total other expenses
89,484

 
74,724

 
324,887

 
286,186

Income (loss) before income taxes
105,884

 
86,701

 
427,313

 
260,252

Income tax expense (benefit)
34,459

 
(122,962
)
 
70,641

 
(93,274
)
Net income (loss)
$
71,425

 
$
209,663

 
$
356,672

 
$
353,526

Less: income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
1,868

 
2,503

 
7,117

 
8,928

Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders
$
69,557

 
$
207,160

 
$
349,555

 
$
344,598

Net income per common share—Basic
$
0.88

 
$
2.59

 
$
4.38

 
$
4.55

Net income per common share—Diluted
$
0.87

 
$
2.57

 
$
4.35

 
$
4.52

Cash dividends paid per common share
$
0.52

 
$
0.45

 
$
2.01

 
$
1.80

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding—Basic
79,056

 
79,936

 
79,782

 
75,679

Dilutive restricted shares
685

 
620

 
582

 
509

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding—Diluted
79,741

 
80,556

 
80,364

 
76,188


7



TRITON INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
356,672

 
$
353,526

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

Depreciation and amortization
545,138

 
500,720

Amortization of deferred financing costs
15,005

 
13,401

Lease related amortization
70,275

 
92,787

Share-based compensation expense
9,030

 
5,641

Net (gain) loss on sale of leasing equipment
(35,377
)
 
(35,812
)
Net (gain) loss on sale of building
(20,953
)
 

Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments
430

 
(1,397
)
Debt termination expense
6,090

 
6,973

Deferred income taxes
66,467

 
(94,678
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(65,385
)
 
(5,967
)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
(14,449
)
 
(42,402
)
Net equipment sold for resale activity
(2,341
)
 
8,821

Cash received for settlement of interest rate swaps
187

 
2,117

Other assets
(939
)
 
3,065

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
929,850

 
806,795

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Purchases of leasing equipment and investments in finance leases
(1,603,507
)
 
(1,562,863
)
Proceeds from sale of equipment, net of selling costs
163,256

 
190,744

Proceeds from the sale of building
27,630

 

Cash collections on finance lease receivables, net of income earned
64,372

 
60,673

Other
(160
)
 
55

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
(1,348,409
)
 
(1,311,391
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Issuance of common shares, net of underwriter expenses

 
192,931

Purchases of treasury shares
(56,274
)
 

Redemption of common shares for withholding taxes
(1,385
)
 
(70
)
Debt issuance costs
(19,575
)
 
(34,494
)
Borrowings under debt facilities
4,043,637

 
3,102,825

Payments under debt facilities and capital lease obligations
(3,435,041
)
 
(2,539,711
)
Dividends paid
(160,289
)
 
(135,557
)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
(19,146
)
 
(18,890
)
Other

 
241

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
351,927

 
567,275

Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
(66,632
)
 
$
62,679

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
226,171

 
163,492

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
159,539

 
$
226,171

Supplemental disclosures:
 
 
 
Interest paid
$
308,827

 
$
269,601

Income taxes paid (refunded)
$
4,484

 
$
(288
)
Supplemental non-cash investing activities:
 
 
 
Equipment purchases payable
$
22,392

 
$
128,133




8



Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We use the term "Adjusted net income" throughout this press release.

Adjusted net income is adjusted for certain items management believes are not representative of our operating performance. Adjusted net income is defined as net income attributable to shareholders excluding debt termination costs net of tax, gains and losses on interest rate swaps net of tax, transaction and other costs net of tax, certain non-recurring transactions net of tax, foreign income tax adjustments, and taxes adjustments related to the intra-entity transfer.

Adjusted net income is not a presentation made in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Adjusted net income should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, amounts determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, including net income.

We believe that Adjusted net income is useful to an investor in evaluating our operating performance because this measure:

is widely used by securities analysts and investors to measure a company’s operating performance;

helps investors to more meaningfully evaluate and compare the results of our operations from period to period by removing the impact of our capital structure, our asset base and certain non-routine events which we do not expect to occur in the future; and

is used by our management for various purposes, including as measures of operating performance and liquidity, to assist in comparing performance from period to period on a consistent basis, in presentations to our board of directors concerning our financial performance and as a basis for strategic planning and forecasting.

We have provided a reconciliation of net income attributable to shareholders, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, to Adjusted net income in the table below for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and for the three months ended September 30, 2018.





9


TRITON INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
Non-GAAP Reconciliations of Adjusted Net Income
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Three Months Ended,
 
Twelve Months Ended,
 
December 31, 2018
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders
$
69,557

 
$
94,236

 
$
207,160

 
$
349,555

 
$
344,598

Add (subtract):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net
1,250

 
286

 
(1,084
)
 
384

 
(1,150
)
Insurance recovery income

 

 
(5,567
)
 

 
(5,567
)
Debt termination expense
3,800

 
1,197

 
2,327

 
5,444

 
5,739

Transaction and other costs (income)
104

 
2

 
4,862

 
79

 
7,631

One-time tax benefit related to U.S. statutory rate reduction

 

 
(139,359
)
 

 
(139,359
)
Foreign income tax adjustments

 
(881
)
 

 
(881
)
 
(393
)
Gain of Sale of Building

 

 

 
(16,316
)
 

Tax adjustments related to intra-entity asset transfer
24,728

 

 

 
24,728

 

Adjusted net income
$
99,439

 
$
94,840

 
$
68,339

 
$
362,993

 
$
211,499

Adjusted net income per share - Diluted
$
1.25

 
$
1.17

 
$
0.85

 
$
4.52

 
$
2.78

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding—Diluted
79,741

 
80,728

 
80,556

 
80,364

 
76,188


Tax adjustments related to intra-entity asset transfer
The primary driver leading to the difference between net income (loss) attributable to shareholders and Adjusted net income in the fourth quarter of 2018 was a one-time increase in GAAP taxes resulting from internal transfers of approximately $600.0 million of containers. These transfers were structured as taxable sales between Triton entities, and led to an increase in taxable income for Triton’s U.S. entities. Triton was able to utilize a portion of its accumulated net operating losses to offset the taxable income generated by the sales, and Triton’s U.S. cash taxes remained minimal in the fourth quarter. However, Triton was required to accrue taxes on the sales for GAAP purposes because the containers were sold for a value in excess of their net book value when adjusted for purchase accounting. These taxes were excluded from the calculation of Adjusted net income in the fourth quarter, and we expect the transfer to result in reduced GAAP tax accruals in future periods.

10


TRITON INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
Calculation of Return on Equity
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended,
 
Twelve Months Ended,
 
December 31, 2018
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Adjusted net income
$
99,439

 
$
94,840

 
$
68,339

 
$
362,993

 
$
211,499

Annualized Adjusted net income (1)
394,513

 
376,267

 
271,128

 
362,993

 
211,499

 
 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
Average Shareholders' equity (2)
$
2,230,590

 
$
2,230,042

 
$
1,988,156

 
$
2,174,714

 
$
1,799,188

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on equity
17.7
%
 
16.9
%
 
13.6
%
 
16.7
%
 
11.8
%
(1)
Annualized Adjusted net income was calculated based on calendar days per quarter.
(2)
Average Shareholders' equity was calculated using the quarter’s beginning and ending Shareholder’s equity for the three-month ended periods, and the ending Shareholder’s equity from each quarter in the current year and December 31 of the previous year for the twelve-month ended periods.

11