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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
Investment Properties

Investment Properties

The Company has adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805), which clarifies the framework for determining whether an integrated set of assets and activities meets the definition of a business. The revised framework establishes a screen for determining whether an integrated set of assets and activities is a business and narrows the definition of a business, which is expected to result in fewer transactions being accounted for as business combinations. Acquisitions of integrated sets of assets and activities that do not meet the definition of a business are accounted for as asset acquisitions. As a result, all of the Company’s acquisitions to date qualified as asset acquisitions and the Company expects future acquisitions of operating properties to qualify as asset acquisitions.  Accordingly, third-party transaction costs associated with these acquisitions have been and will be capitalized, while internal acquisition costs will continue to be expensed.

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 mandates that “an acquiring entity shall allocate the cost of an acquired entity to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at date of acquisition.” ASC 805 results in an allocation of acquisition costs to both tangible and intangible assets associated with income producing real estate. Tangible assets include land, buildings, site improvements, tenant improvements and furniture, fixtures and equipment, while intangible assets include the value of in-place leases, lease origination costs (leasing commissions and tenant improvements), legal and marketing costs and leasehold assets and liabilities (above or below market leases), among others.

The Company uses independent, third-party consultants to assist management with its ASC 805 evaluations. The Company determines fair value based on accepted valuation methodologies including the cost, market, and income capitalization approaches. The purchase price is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets identified in the evaluation.

The Company records depreciation on buildings and improvements utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, generally 4 to 42 years. The Company reviews depreciable lives of investment properties periodically and makes adjustments to reflect a shorter economic life, when necessary. Capitalized leasing commissions and tenant improvements incurred and paid by the Company subsequent to the acquisition of the investment property are amortized utilizing the straight-line method over the term of the related lease. Amounts allocated to buildings are depreciated over the estimated remaining life of the acquired building or related improvements.

Acquisition and closing costs are capitalized as part of each tangible asset on a pro rata basis. Improvements and major repairs and maintenance are capitalized when the repair and maintenance substantially extend the useful life, increases capacity or improves the efficiency of the asset. All other repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

Assets Held for Sale

Assets Held for Sale

The Company may decide to sell properties that are held as investment properties. The accounting treatment for the disposal of long-lived assets is covered by ASC 360.  Under this guidance, the Company records the assets associated with these properties, and any associated mortgages payable, as held for sale when management has committed to a plan to sell the assets, actively seeks a buyer for the assets, and the consummation of the sale is considered probable and is expected within one year.  Delays in the time required to complete a sale do not preclude a long-lived asset from continuing to be classified as held for sale beyond the initial one-year period if the delay is caused by events or circumstances beyond an entity’s control and there is sufficient evidence that the entity remains committed to a qualifying plan to sell the long-lived asset.  

Properties classified as held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or their fair value, less estimated costs to sell. When the carrying value exceeds the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, an impairment charge is recognized. The Company determines fair value based on the three-level valuation hierarchy for fair value measurement.  Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.  Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active; and inputs other than quoted prices. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

During November 2023, the Company committed to a plan to sell an asset group associated with the Hanover Square Shopping Center Property that includes the land, site improvements, building, and building improvements. As a result, as of December 1, 2023, the Company reclassified these assets, and the related mortgage payable, net, for the Hanover Square Shopping Center Property as assets held for sale and liabilities associated with assets held for sale, respectively. Under ASC 360, depreciation of assets held for sale is discontinued, so no further depreciation or amortization was recorded subsequent to December 1, 2023.  The Company believes that the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, exceeds the Company’s carrying cost, so the Company has not recorded any impairment of assets held for sale related to the Hanover Square Shopping Center Property for the year ended December 31, 2023 or 2022.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company determined that the carrying value of the asset group associated with the Clemson Best Western Hotel Property exceeded its fair value, less estimated costs to sell, and recorded impairment of assets held for sale of $175,671 on its consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.  On September 29, 2022, the Company closed on the sale of the Clemson Best Western Hotel Property to an unaffiliated purchaser.  No such impairment of assets held for sale was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023.  See Note 3 for additional details.

Intangible Assets and Liabilities, net

Intangible Assets and Liabilities, net

The Company determines, through the ASC 805 evaluation, the above and below market lease intangibles upon acquiring a property. Intangible assets (or liabilities) such as above or below-market leases and in-place lease value are recorded at fair value and are amortized as an adjustment to rental revenue or amortization expense, as appropriate, over the remaining terms of the underlying leases. The Company amortizes amounts allocated to tenant improvements, in-place lease assets and other lease-related intangibles over the remaining life of the underlying leases. The analysis is conducted on a lease-by-lease basis.

Details of the deferred costs, net of amortization, arising from the Company’s purchases of its retail center properties and flex center properties are as follows:

 

December 31, 

 

2023

    

2022

Intangible Assets, net

Leasing commissions

$

912,040

$

1,135,421

Legal and marketing costs

 

104,791

 

169,437

Above market leases

 

106,907

 

209,860

Net leasehold asset

 

1,592,808

 

2,233,988

$

2,716,546

$

3,748,706

Intangible Liabilities, net

 

 

Below market leases

$

(1,865,310)

$

(2,234,113)

Capitalized above-market lease values are amortized as a reduction of rental income over the remaining terms of the respective leases. Capitalized below-market lease values are amortized as an increase to rental income over the remaining terms of the respective leases. Adjustments to rental revenue related to the above and below market leases during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were as follows:

 

For the year ended December 31, 

 

2023

    

2022

Amortization of above market leases

$

(93,696)

$

(188,903)

Amortization of below market leases

 

368,803

 

415,624

$

275,107

$

226,721

Amortization of lease origination costs, leases in place and legal and marketing costs represent a component of depreciation and amortization expense. Amortization related to these intangible assets during years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were as follows:

 

For the year ended December 31, 

 

2023

    

2022

Leasing commissions

$

(216,362)

$

(246,294)

Legal and marketing costs

 

(59,841)

 

(65,760)

Net leasehold asset

 

(614,145)

 

(1,013,520)

$

(890,348)

$

(1,325,574)

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s accumulated amortization of lease origination costs, leases in place and legal and marketing costs totaled $2,204,404 and $2,198,049, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company wrote off $842,492 and $1,901,786, respectively, in accumulated amortization related to fully amortized intangible assets and $41,501 and $5,109, respectively, in accumulated amortization related to the write off of intangible assets related to the early terminated leases, discussed above.

Future amortization of above and below market leases, lease origination costs, leases in place, legal and marketing costs and tenant relationships is as follows:

2024

    

2025

    

2026

    

2027

    

2028

    

2029-2041

    

Total

Intangible Assets

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Leasing commissions

$

169,446

$

145,298

$

107,312

$

88,394

$

66,969

$

334,621

$

912,040

Legal and marketing costs

 

36,928

 

23,774

 

13,160

 

7,917

 

5,204

 

17,808

 

104,791

Above market leases

 

40,849

 

21,292

 

15,629

 

14,543

 

10,114

 

4,480

 

106,907

Net leasehold asset

 

384,477

 

294,638

 

199,466

 

153,142

 

104,934

 

456,151

 

1,592,808

$

631,700

$

485,002

$

335,567

$

263,996

$

187,221

$

813,060

$

2,716,546

Intangible Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Below market leases, net

$

(285,892)

$

(213,348)

$

(178,776)

$

(161,866)

$

(139,855)

$

(885,573)

$

(1,865,310)

Impairment

Impairment

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded a loss on impairment of $90,221 and $36,670, respectively, resulting from the events described below.  

Investment Properties

The Company reviews its investment properties for impairment on a property-by-property basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of investment properties may not be recoverable, but at least annually. These circumstances include, but are not limited to, declines in the property’s cash flows, occupancy and fair market value. The Company measures any impairment of investment property when the estimated undiscounted cash flows plus its residual value, is less than the carrying value of the property. To the extent impairment has occurred, the Company charges to income the excess of the carrying value of the property over its estimated fair value. The Company estimates fair value using unobservable data such as projected future operating income, estimated capitalization rates, or multiples, leasing prospects and local market information. The Company may decide to sell properties that are held for use and the sale prices of these properties may differ from their carrying values. The Company did not record any impairment adjustments to its investment properties resulting from events or changes in circumstances during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, that would result in the projected value of the Company’s investment properties being below their carrying value.  

However, during the year ended December 31, 2023, three tenants defaulted on their leases and abandoned their premises.  The Company determined that the carrying value of capitalized leasing commissions and tenant improvements associated with these leases and which were recorded as a component of investment properties on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets should be written off, and recorded a loss on impairment of $16,733 for the year ended December 31, 2023.  Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2023, a fourth tenant elected to exercise its right to terminate its lease early.  The Company determined that the carrying value of the capitalized leasing commission and tenant improvements associated with this lease and which were recorded as a component of investment properties on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets should be written off and recorded a loss on impairment of $12,990 for the year ended December 31, 2023.  During the year ended December 31, 2022, two tenants defaulted on their leases and abandoned their premises. The Company determined that the carrying value of capitalized tenant improvements associated with these leases and which are recorded as a component of investment properties on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets should be written off, and recorded a loss on impairment of $13,880 for the year ended December 31, 2022.  These amounts are included in the loss on impairment reported on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.  

Intangible Assets

The Company also reviews its intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of its intangible assets may not be recoverable, but at least annually.  During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company determined that the carrying value of certain intangible assets associated with the three leases on which tenants should be written off and recorded a loss on impairment of $26,898 for the year ended December 31, 2023.  The Company also determined that the carrying value of certain intangible assets associated with the tenant which terminated its lease early should be written off and recorded a loss of impairment of $21,220 for the year ended December 31, 2023.  During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company determined that the carrying value of certain intangible assets and liabilities associated with the two leases that were terminated

early and which were recorded as part of the purchase of these properties should be written off.  As a result, the Company recorded a loss on impairment of $22,790 for the year ended December 31, 2022, related to intangible assets associated with these leases.  These amounts are included in the loss on impairment reported on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.  

Unbilled Rent

The Company also reviews the unbilled rent asset recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for impairment to determine if any amounts may not be recoverable.  During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a loss on impairment of $12,380 related to previously recognized straight-line rent related to the four tenants who terminated their lease early.  These amounts are included in the loss on impairment reported on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.  No such amounts were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2022.  

Conditional Asset Retirement Obligation

Conditional Asset Retirement Obligation

A conditional asset retirement obligation represents a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity in which the timing and/or method of settlement depends on a future event that may or may not be within the Company’s control. Currently, the Company does not have any conditional asset retirement obligations. However, any such obligations identified in the future would result in the Company recording a liability if the fair value of the obligation can be reasonably estimated. Environmental studies conducted at the time the Company acquired its properties did not reveal any material environmental liabilities, and the Company is unaware of any subsequent environmental matters that would have created a material liability.

The Company believes that its properties are currently in material compliance with applicable environmental, as well as non-environmental, statutory and regulatory requirements. The Company did not record any conditional asset retirement obligation liabilities during years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents consist primarily of bank operating accounts and money markets. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk include its cash and equivalents and its trade accounts receivable.

The Company places its cash and cash equivalents and any restricted cash held by the Company on deposit with financial institutions in the United States which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Company (“FDIC”) up to $250,000. The Company’s credit loss in the event of failure of these financial institutions’ is represented by the difference between the FDIC limit and the total amounts on deposit. Management monitors the financial institutions credit worthiness in conjunction with balances on deposit to minimize risk. As of December 31, 2023, the Company held two cash accounts at a single financial institution with combined balances that exceeded the FDIC limit by $1,366,872.  As of December 31, 2022, the Company held two cash accounts at a single financial institution with combined balances that exceeded the FDIC limit by $2,613,789.

Restricted cash represents (i) amounts held by the Company for tenant security deposits, (ii) escrow deposits held by lenders for real estate tax, insurance, and operating reserves, (iii) an escrow for the first year of dividends on the Company’s mandatorily redeemable preferred stock, and (iv) capital reserves held by lenders for investment property capital improvements.

Tenant security deposits are restricted cash balances held by the Company to offset potential damages, unpaid rent or other unmet conditions of its tenant leases. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company reported $260,898 and $267,854, respectively, in security deposits held as restricted cash.

Escrow deposits are restricted cash balances held by lenders for real estate taxes and insurance premiums. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company reported $191,139 and $72,019, respectively, in escrow deposits.

Capital reserves are restricted cash balances held by lenders for capital improvements, leasing commissions and tenant improvements. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company reported $1,122,965 and $1,400,844, respectively, in capital property reserves.

December 31, 

Property and Purpose of Reserve

2023

2022

Ashley Plaza - maintenance and leasing cost reserve

439,404

 

357,132

Brookfield Center Property – maintenance and leasing cost reserve

91,491

 

47,313

Franklin Square Property – leasing costs

 

441,360

 

845,765

Hanover Square Property – capital reserve

 

150,710

 

150,634

Total

$

1,122,965

$

1,400,844

Share Retirement

Share Retirement

ASC 505-30-30-8 provides guidance on accounting for share retirement and establishes two alternative methods for accounting for the repurchase price paid in excess of par value.  The Company has elected the method by which the excess between par value and the repurchase price, including costs and fees, is recorded to additional paid in capital on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company did not engage in any share repurchases or retirements during the year ended December 31, 2023.  During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 33,509 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Common Shares”), at a total cost of $278,277 at an average price of $8.30 per Common Share (Common Shares and average price adjusted for the Company’s Reverse Stock Split (as defined below)).  The Company incurred fees of $8,266 associated with these transactions.  Of the total repurchase price, $335 was recorded to Common Shares and the difference, $286,208, was recorded to additional paid in capital on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Retail and Flex Center Property Revenues

The Company recognizes minimum rents from its retail center properties and flex center properties on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases which results in an unbilled rent asset being recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company reported $1,109,782 and $1,022,153, respectively, in unbilled rent.

The Company’s leases generally require the tenant to reimburse the Company for a substantial portion of its expenses incurred in operating, maintaining, repairing, insuring and managing the shopping center and common areas (collectively defined as Common Area Maintenance or “CAM” expenses). The Company includes these reimbursements, along with other revenue derived from late fees and seasonal events, on the consolidated statements of operations under the captions "Retail center property revenues” and “Flex center property revenues.” (See Recent Accounting Pronouncements, below.) This significantly reduces the Company’s exposure to increases in costs and operating expenses resulting from inflation or other outside factors. The Company accrues reimbursements from tenants for recoverable portions of all these expenses as revenue in the period the applicable expenditures are incurred. The Company calculates the tenant’s share of operating costs by multiplying the total amount of the operating costs by a fraction, the numerator of which is the total number of square feet being leased by the tenant, and the denominator of which is the average total square footage of all leasable buildings at the property. The Company also receives payments for these reimbursements from substantially all its tenants on a monthly basis throughout the year.

The Company recognizes differences between previously estimated recoveries and the final billed amounts in the year in which the amounts become final. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, the Company recognized $117,767 and $311,116, in retail center and flex center property tenant reimbursement revenues resulting from differences between the final billed amounts and previously estimated recoveries. The Company includes these tenant reimbursement revenues on the consolidated statements of operations under the captions "Retail center property revenues” and “Flex center property revenues.”

The Company recognizes lease termination fees in the period that the lease is terminated and collection of the fees is reasonably assured. Upon early lease termination, the Company provides for losses related to unrecovered intangibles and other assets. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company received a $10,966 termination fee from a tenant in the Company’s Salisbury Marketplace Property.  The Company recorded this revenue as other income on the Company’s consolidated statements of operation for the year ended December 31, 2023. Upon early lease termination, any unrecovered intangibles and other assets are written off as a loss on impairment.  (See Impairment, above.)  The Company did not receive any lease termination fees during the year ended December 31, 2022.  

Hotel Property Revenues

Hotel revenues from the Clemson Best Western Property were recognized as earned, which is generally defined as the date upon which a guest occupies a room or utilizes the hotel’s services.  Revenues from the Company’s occupancy agreement with Clemson University were recognized as earned, which is as rooms are occupied or otherwise reserved for use by the University.  The Clemson University occupancy agreement ended on May 15, 2022 and the Company sold the Clemson Best Western Property on September 29, 2022.  

Hotel Property Operating Expenses

Hotel Property Operating Expenses

All personnel of the Clemson Best Western Property were directly or indirectly employees of Marshall Hotels and Resorts, Inc. (“Marshall”), the Company’s hotel management firm. In addition to fees and services discussed above, the Clemson Best Western Property reimbursed Marshall for all employee related service costs, including payroll salaries and wages, payroll taxes and other employee benefits paid by Marshall its behalf. The total amounts incurred for payroll salaries and wages, payroll taxes and other employee benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $0 and $478,774, respectively.

Management Restructuring Expenses

Management Restructuring Expenses

On March 10, 2023, the Board announced that it had established a Special Committee (the “Special Committee”) to explore potential strategic alternatives focusing on maximizing stockholder value. The Special Committee was comprised solely of independent directors and was charged with exploring potential strategic alternatives including, without limitation, a business combination involving the Company, a sale of all or part of the Company’s assets, joint venture arrangements and/or restructurings, and determining whether a strategic transaction was in the best interest of the Company. On April 18, 2023, the Company announced that the Special Committee was in active discussions with potential parties in pursuit of those alternatives.  On July 12, 2023, the Board approved the Company’s negotiation of the sale of its interests in four properties from the Company's portfolio.  However, on August 7, 2023, the Company announced that it had ceased to pursue the sale of these properties. Subsequent to this August 7, 2023 announcement, the Special Committee has not taken any further actions.  

On July 18, 2023, the Company and the Operating Partnership entered into the Termination Agreement with the Manager, William R. Elliott and Thomas E. Messier, which provided for the immediate termination of the Management Agreement and, among other things, aggregate payments of $1,602,717 in settlement of all amounts payable under the Management Agreement (consisting of a $1,250,000 termination fee and the $352,717 Deferred Acquisition Fee, as defined in Note 9, below).  The Company has recorded the termination fee and other expenses associated with the Special Committee’s exploration of strategic alternatives as management restructuring expenses on its consolidated statement of operations in accordance with ASC 420-10-S99.  Specifically, for the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $2,066,521 in management restructuring expenses, which included the $1,250,000 termination fee, legal expenses of $544,077, lender fees of $262,007 related to the guaranty substitution (see Note 5, Loans Payable), and $10,437 of other expenses.  No such expenses were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022.    

Rent and other receivables

Rent and other receivables

Rent and other receivables include tenant receivables related to base rents and tenant reimbursements. Rent and other receivables do not include receivables attributable to recording rents on a straight-line basis, which are included in unbilled rent, discussed above. The Company determines an allowance for the uncollectible portion of accrued rents and accounts receivable based upon customer credit worthiness (including expected recovery of a claim with respect to any tenants in bankruptcy), historical bad debt levels, and current economic trends. The Company considers a receivable past due once it becomes delinquent per the terms of the lease. A past due receivable triggers certain events such as notices, fees and other allowable and required actions per the lease. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s allowance for uncollectible rent totaled $13,413 and $47,109, respectively, which are comprised of amounts specifically identified based on management’s review of individual tenants’ outstanding receivables.  Management determined that no additional general reserve is considered necessary as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Beginning with the Company’s taxable year ended December 31, 2017, the REIT has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax purposes under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code and applicable Treasury regulations relating to REIT qualification. In order to maintain this REIT status, the regulations require the Company to distribute at least 90% of its taxable income to shareholders and meet certain other asset and income tests, as well as other requirements. If the

Company fails to qualify as a REIT, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates for the years in which it fails to qualify. If the Company loses its REIT status it could not elect to be taxed as a REIT for five years unless the Company’s failure to qualify was due to reasonable cause and certain other conditions were satisfied.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company's Clemson Best Western TRS entity generated a taxable loss, so no income tax expense was recorded.  During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company no longer owned the Clemson Best Western Hotel Property.

Management has evaluated the effect of the guidance provided by GAAP on Accounting for Uncertainty of Income Taxes and has determined that the Company had no uncertain income tax positions.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The Company has made estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the reported period. The Company’s actual results could differ from these estimates.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling Interests

The ownership interests not held by the REIT are considered noncontrolling interests. There are three elements of noncontrolling interests in the capital structure of the Company. These noncontrolling interests have been reported in equity on the consolidated balance sheets but separate from the Company’s equity. On the consolidated statements of operations, the subsidiaries are reported at the consolidated amount, including both the amount attributable to the Company and noncontrolling interests. The Company’s consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity includes beginning balances, activity for the period and ending balances for shareholders’ equity, noncontrolling interests and total equity.

The first noncontrolling interest is in the Hanover Square Property in which the Company owns an 84% tenancy in common interest through its subsidiary and an outside party owns a 16% tenancy in common interest. The Hanover Square Property’s net is allocated to the noncontrolling ownership interest based on its 16% ownership. During the year ended December 31, 2023, 16% of the Hanover Square Property’s net income of $48,209 or $7,714 was allocated to the noncontrolling ownership interest. During the year ended December 31, 2022, 16% of the Hanover Square Property’s net income of $237,651 or $38,023 was allocated to the noncontrolling ownership interest.

The second noncontrolling interest is in the Parkway Property in which the Company owns an 82% tenancy in common interest through its subsidiary and an outside party owns an 18% tenancy in common interest. The Parkway Property's net income (loss) is allocated to the noncontrolling ownership interest based on its 18% ownership. During the year ended December 31, 2023, 18% of the Parkway Property's net loss of $47,129 or $8,482 was allocated to the noncontrolling ownership interest.  During the year ended December 31, 2022, 18% of the Parkway Property’s net income of $105,972 or $19,076, was allocated to the noncontrolling ownership interest.

The third noncontrolling ownership interest is the common units of the Operating Partnership (the “Operating Partnership Units”) that are not held by the REIT. In 2017, 15,625 Operating Partnership Units were issued to members of the selling limited liability company which owned the Hampton Inn Property who elected to participate in a 721 exchange, which allows the exchange of interests in real property for shares in a real estate investment trust. These members of the selling limited liability company invested $1,175,000 in the Operating Partnership in exchange for 15,625 Operating Partnership Units. Additionally, as discussed above, effective on January 1, 2020, 11,731 Operating Partnership Units were issued in exchange for approximately 3.45% of the noncontrolling owner’s tenant in common interest in the Hampton Inn Property. On August 31, 2020, a holder of Operating Partnership Units converted 665 Operating Partnership Units into Common Shares. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022 there were 26,691 Operating Partnership Units outstanding. Outstanding Operating Partnership Units have been adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split (as defined below).  (See note 7, below).

The Operating Partnership Units not held by the REIT represent 1.19% of the outstanding Operating Partnership Units as of the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The noncontrolling interest percentage is calculated at any point in time by dividing the number of Operating Partnership Units not owned by the Company by the total number of Operating Partnership Units outstanding. The noncontrolling interest ownership percentage will change as additional common or preferred shares are issued by the REIT, or additional Operating Partnerships Units are issued or as Operating Partnership Units are exchanged for the Company’s $0.01 par value per share

Common Shares. During periods when the Operating Partnership’s noncontrolling interest changes, the noncontrolling ownership interest is calculated based on the weighted average Operating Partnership noncontrolling ownership interest during that period. The Operating Partnership’s net loss is allocated to the noncontrolling Operating Partnership Unit holders based on their ownership interest.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, a weighted average of 1.19% of the Operating Partnership’s net loss of $109,823, or $1,307, was allocated to the noncontrolling unit holders.  During the year ended December 31, 2022, a weighted average of 1.22% of the Operating Partnership’s net loss of $1,651,829, or $20,072, was allocated to the noncontrolling Operating Partnership Unit holders.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

All per share amounts, Common Shares outstanding, Operating Partnership Units outstanding, and stock-based compensation amounts for all periods presented reflect our one-for-eight reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”), which was effective May 3, 2023. (See Completion of 1-for-8 Reverse Stock Split under Note 7, below.)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Since its initial public offering, the Company elected to be classified as an emerging growth company in its periodic reporting to the SEC, and accordingly followed the private company implementation dates for new accounting pronouncements.  Effective for the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company is no longer classified as an emerging growth company but has retained its classification as a smaller reporting company and therefore follows implementation dates applicable to smaller reporting companies with respect to new accounting pronouncements.   In addition, the Company has elected to follow scaled disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting for Leases

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842).  The amendments in this update govern a number of areas including, but not limited to, accounting for leases, replacing the previous guidance in ASC No. 840, Leases.  Under this standard, among other changes in practice, a lessee’s rights and obligations under most leases, including existing and new arrangements, must be recognized as assets and liabilities, respectively, on the balance sheets.  Other significant provisions of this standard include (i) defining the “lease term” to include the non-cancelable period together with periods for which there is a significant economic incentive for the lessee to extend or not terminate the lease; (ii) defining the initial lease liability to be recorded on the balance sheets to contemplate only those variable lease payments that depend on an index or that are in substance “fixed,” (iii) a dual approach for determining whether lease expense is recognized on a straight-line or accelerated basis, depending on whether the lessee is expected to consume more than an insignificant portion of the leased asset’s economic benefits and (iv) a requirement to bifurcate certain lease and non-lease components.  The lease standard was effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those fiscal years) and for private companies, fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The FASB subsequently deferred the effective date of ASU 2016-02 for private companies by one year, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, to provide those companies with additional time to address various implementation challenges and complexities. In June 2020, the FASB further deferred the effective date due to the effects on private companies from business and capital market disruptions caused by the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic.  Following those deferrals, ASU 2016-02 became effective for private companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company adopted the standard effective on January 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective approach within ASU 2018-11, which allows for the application date to be the beginning of the reporting period in which the entity first applies the new standard. The Company historically has not been and is not currently a “lessee” under any lease agreements, and thus did not have any arrangements requiring the recognition of lease assets or liabilities on its balance sheet.

As a “lessor”, the Company has active lease agreements with over 125 tenants across its portfolio of investment properties. On a prospective and retrospective basis, the accounting for those leases under ASU 2016-02 (ASC No. 842) is substantially unchanged from the previous guidance in ASC No. 840. However, upon the adoption of ASC No. 842, the Company has elected the practical expedient permitting lessors to elect by class of underlying asset to not separate non-lease components (for example, maintenance services, including common area maintenance) from associated lease components (the “non-separation practical expedient”) if both of the following criteria are met: (1) the timing and pattern of transfer of the lease and non-lease component(s) are the same and (2) the lease component would be classified as an operating lease if it were accounted for separately. If both criteria are met, the combined component is accounted for in accordance with ASC No. 842 if the lease component is the predominant component of the combined

component; otherwise, the combined component is accounted for in accordance with the revenue recognition standard. Prior to the adoption of ASC No. 842, the Company separated lease-related revenue from its retail center and flex center properties into two components. Fixed rental payments under its leases (recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying lease) were recorded as retail center property revenues and flex center property revenues. Variable payments under the leases made by tenants for real estate taxes, insurance and common area maintenance (“CAM”) expenses were recorded as retail center and flex center tenant reimbursements. With the adoption of ASC No. 842, the Company determined that its retail center and flex center operating leases qualify for the non-separation practical expedient based on the guidance. As a result, the Company has accounted for and presented the revenues from these leases, including tenant reimbursements, as a single line item on its consolidated statements of operations.

Debt With Conversion Options

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The objective of ASU 2020-06 is to reduce the current complexity involved in accounting for convertible financial instruments by reducing the number of accounting models applicable to those instruments in the existing guidance. Following the adoption of ASU 2020-06, companies are expected to encounter fewer instances in which a convertible financial instrument must be separated into a debt or equity component and a derivative component for accounting purposes due to the embedded conversion feature. As a result of these revisions, debt instruments issued with a beneficial conversion feature will no longer require separation and thus will be accounted for as a single debt instrument under the updated guidance. In addition to those changes, ASU 2020-06 adds several incremental financial statement disclosures with respect to a company’s convertible financial instruments and makes certain refinements with respect to calculating the effect of those instruments on a company’s diluted earnings per share. ASU 2020-06 became effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 (including interim periods within those fiscal years), and for private companies, fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The updated guidance in ASU 2020-06 was adopted effective January 1, 2023, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This update enhances the methodology of measuring expected credit losses to include the use of forward-looking information to better calculate credit loss estimates. The guidance applies to most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, such as accounts receivable and loans; however, it does not apply to receivables arising from operating leases accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 842. ASU 2016-13 requires that the Company estimate the lifetime expected credit loss with respect to applicable receivables and record allowances that, when deducted from the balance of the receivables, represent the net amounts expected to be collected. The Company is also required to disclose information about how it developed the allowances, including changes in the factors that influenced the Company’s estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes.  The Company’s credit losses primarily arise from tenant defaults on amounts due under operating leases.  As noted, these losses are not subject to the guidance in ASU 2016-13, and historically have not been significant.  The Company adopted the update on the required effective date of January 1, 2023, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Effects of Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), which has been widely used as a reference interest rate in debt agreements and other contracts, was effectively discontinued for new contracts as of December 31, 2021, and its publication for existing contracts was discontinued as of June 30, 2023. Financial market regulators in certain jurisdictions throughout the world undertook reference rate reform initiatives to guide the transition and modification of debt agreements and other contracts that are based on LIBOR to the successor reference rate designated to replace it. ASU 2020-04 was issued to provide companies impacted by these changes with the opportunity to elect certain expedients and exceptions that are intended to ease the potential burden of accounting for or recognizing the effects of reference rate reform on financial reporting.  Under ASU 2020-04, companies were permitted to elect to use the expedients and exceptions provided therein for any reference rate contract modifications that occurred in reporting periods that encompassed the timeline from March 12, 2020 to December 31, 2022. The FASB subsequently issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848):  Deferral of the Sunset of Topic 848, to extend that timeline from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024.  The Company’s Parkway Property is financed by a mortgage loan with a corresponding interest rate protection agreement which both used USD LIBOR as the reference interest rate (see Note 5, below).  The mortgage loan matures on November 1, 2031, and the interest rate protection agreement expires on December 1, 2026.  Effective July 1, 2023, the mortgage loan on the Parkway Property was modified to replace the USD LIBOR reference rate with Term SOFR and the interest rate protection agreement was modified to replace the USD

LIBOR reference rate with SOFR (see Note 5, below).  The Company elected to apply the expedients and exceptions provided in ASU 2020-04 to these changes.  The Company elected to account for the incorporation of the corresponding SOFR rate as the replacement reference rate prospectively without requiring contract modification accounting or reassessment of the effectiveness of the interest rate protection transaction.  The reference rate changes and the application of the expedients in ASU 2020-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Upcoming Accounting Pronouncements

General Disclosure Improvements

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements:  Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative.  ASU 2023-06 amends various subtopics of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification to incorporate into generally accepted accounting principles certain incremental presentation and disclosure requirements that were added to the SEC’s reporting regulations for public companies in 2018.  Several of these presentation and disclosure requirements are applicable to the Company, including disclosures related to mortgaged assets, unused lines of credit, the presentation of gains and losses from derivative instruments in the statement of cash flows, and the tax status of distributions to stockholders.  The amendments made to the specific subtopics of the Codification become effective only if and when the SEC removes the related presentation or disclosure requirement from its regulations by June 30, 2027.  As a public company, the Company is already subject to the relevant presentation and disclosure requirements under the existing SEC regulations, but management is still evaluating the impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280):  Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.  The objective of ASU 2023-07 is to improve reportable segment disclosures by public companies, primarily by requiring enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses.  Under the updates in this guidance, companies are required to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss.  Additionally, a total for all other expenses that are not determined to be significant segment expenses must be separately presented for each reported measure of segment profit or loss for the corresponding reporting periods, and a description of the expenses included in that total must be provided in the disclosure.  The updated guidance also requires disclosure of the title and position of the chief operating decision maker and an explanation of how the company’s reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss are used in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate the company’s resources.  ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, which means that the Company will be required to include the enhanced disclosures beginning with its consolidated financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2024.  The guidance must be applied retrospectively, and early adoption is permitted.  As discussed in Note 10, the Company has reportable segments for retail center properties and flex center properties, and it previously had a reportable segment for hotel properties.  The Company is currently evaluating the new disclosure requirements in ASU 2023-07 to determine the impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740):  Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.  ASU 2023-09 expands existing disclosures related to income taxes by requiring that specific items be presented separately in the income tax rate reconciliation and by requiring additional disaggregated disclosures for income taxes paid and for pretax income and income tax expense from continuing operations.  The guidance in ASU 2023-09 is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted.  As discussed in Note 1, the Company has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (REIT) for federal income tax purposes and does not incur or report federal or state income tax expense in its consolidated financial statements.  Accordingly, the disclosure requirements for income taxes in ASC Topic 740, including the new disclosures under ASU 2023-09, will not apply to the Company as long as its REIT tax status is maintained.

Evaluation of the Company's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

Evaluation of the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

Under the accounting guidance related to the presentation of financial statements, the Company is required to evaluate, on a quarterly basis, whether or not the entity’s current financial condition, including its sources of liquidity at the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued, will enable the entity to meet its obligations as they come due arising within one year of the date of the

issuance of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and to make a determination as to whether or not it is probable, under the application of this accounting guidance, that the entity will be able to continue as a going concern. The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been presented on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.

The redemption date of the Company’s mandatorily redeemable preferred is February 19, 2025 (the “Redemption Date”).  The Company will require additional liquidity to fund the redemption.  The Company expects to be able to generate this liquidity from a number of sources, including cash on hand, forecasted future cash flows for the periods prior to the Redemption Date, proceeds from the Company’s line of credit (see Note 5), should the Company be successful in extending its term, proceeds from the sale of the Company’s Hanover Square Shopping Center (see Note 3), and careful management of the Company’s capital expenditures during the periods prior to the Redemption Date.  

In applying applicable accounting guidance, management considered the Company’s current financial condition and liquidity sources, including current funds available, forecasted future cash flows, the Company’s obligations due over the next twelve months as well as the Company’s recurring business operating expenses.  The Company concludes that it is probable that the Company will be able to meet its obligations arising within one year of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements within the parameters set forth in the accounting guidance.