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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Preparation Basis of Preparation—The consolidated financial statements have been presented in U.S. dollars and prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).
Principles of Consolidation Principles of Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Allbirds, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash Equivalents—We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity date of three months or less as cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash deposited with banks. We place our cash and cash equivalents with several high credit quality financial institutions which, at times, may be in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts and periodically evaluate the credit worthiness of the financial institutions. Our foreign bank accounts are not subject to FDIC insurance.
Accounts Receivable Accounts Receivable—Accounts receivable results from sales to customers, including credit card deposits in transit at the balance sheet date, the majority of which are settled within two to three business days. Credit card receivables were $2.2 million and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.During the fourth quarter of 2021, we made an accounting policy change to present customer accounts receivable, that are not credit card receivables, within the accounts receivable line on the consolidated balance sheet to align with management’s reporting. These types of receivables were historically immaterial and are included in prepaid and other current assets within the consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes for periods presented prior to 2021.
Inventory
Inventory—Inventory consists of finished goods, stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We value our inventory using the weighted-average cost method and include product costs from our suppliers, freight, import duties and other landing costs.
We periodically review inventory and make provisions as necessary to appropriately value slow-moving, damaged, and excess inventory. To determine if the value of inventory requires a write-down, we estimate the market value of inventory by considering current and anticipated demand, customer preferences and buying trends, and the age of the merchandise. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded an inventory provision of $1.7 million and $1.2 million, respectively.
Actual shrinkage is recorded throughout the year based on the results of physical inventory counts.
Property and Equipment Property and Equipment—Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which are generally three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of estimated useful lives of the assets or the term of the associated property lease. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Upon disposal, the
cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as other expense.
Useful lives by major asset classes are below:
Estimate Useful Lives
Computers and equipment3 years
Furniture and fixtures3 years
Machinery and equipment5 years
Internal-use software3 years
Leasehold improvements5 years
Capitalized Internal Use Software Capitalized Internal-Use Software—Costs of software developed for internal-use is accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 350-40, Internal-Use Software. Capitalization of costs begins when the preliminary project stage is completed, management authorizes and commits to funding the computer software project, it is probable that the project will be completed, and the software will be used to perform the function intended. Such costs are capitalized in the period incurred. Capitalization ceases at the point when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. The capitalized costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the software, which is generally three years.
Long-Lived Assets Long-Lived Assets—We evaluate the recoverability of property and equipment and other long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets with definite lives, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group to the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset or asset group exceeds these estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group, based on discounted cash flows. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.
Deferred Offering Costs Deferred Offering Costs—Deferred offering costs, which consist of direct incremental legal, accounting and other third-party fees relating to the IPO, were capitalized until our IPO. Upon closing our IPO in November 2021, all $5.4 million of deferred offering costs were reclassified from prepaid expenses and other current assets and recorded against the IPO proceeds reducing additional paid-in capital. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, $0.0 million of deferred offering costs were recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
Segments Segments—Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. Our CODMs are the co-Chief Executive Officers. We operate in one operating segment and one reportable segment, as the CODMs review financial information presented on an aggregate basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance.
Revenue Recognition and Cost of Revenue Revenue Recognition—We adopted FASB ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method. ASC 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in FASB ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. Results for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with ASC 605. Upon adoption of ASC 606, we recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to reduce beginning accumulated deficit by $0.8 million
as of January 1, 2019, due to the change in the timing of the recognition of deferred revenue. The impact of applying ASC 606 was not material to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019.
We recognize revenue through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract, or contracts, with the customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.
Revenue transactions associated with the sale of our inventory comprise a single performance obligation which consists of the sale of products to customers through our channels. Payment is due at the time of purchase, without significant financing components. The consideration received from customers is not variable. We recognize revenue when we satisfy our performance obligations by transferring control of the promised goods to the customer. This occurs at the time products are shipped to customers for orders placed online, and at the point of sale for retail sales in the store. This transfer of control represents a single deliverable and revenue is recognized at a point in time. We account for shipping and handling fees charged to customers as revenue and we account for shipping and handling costs as fulfillment costs. We recognize the revenue and cost associated with shipping and handling at the time the products are shipped to the customer. Discounts provided to customers are accounted for as a reduction of revenue. Revenues are presented net of any taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities.
We have two types of contract liabilities: (i) cash collections of purchases via our digital channel, which are included in deferred revenue and are recognized as revenue upon shipment; and (ii) unredeemed gift cards and merchandise credits, which are included in deferred revenue and recognized as revenue upon redemption.
Gift cards sold to customers do not carry an expiration date and are recorded as deferred revenue until they are redeemed, at which point revenue is recognized. From historical experience, a majority of gift cards are redeemed within a 12-month period from the card issuance date.
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, we recognized $2.9 million, $2.1 million, and $1.4 million respectively, of revenue that was deferred as of December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had $0.7 million and $0.7 million, respectively, in cash collections of purchases via our digital channel which had not yet shipped, and $3.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively, in gift card liabilities included in deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets. The deferred revenue balance of $4.2 million at December 31, 2021 is expected to be recognized over the next 12 months.
We record a reserve for estimated product returns, based upon historical return trends, in each reporting period against revenue, with an offsetting increase to accrued expenses. We recorded a sales refund reserve of $5.5 million and $5.2 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We have also recorded a related inventory returns receivable, with an offsetting decrease to cost of revenue, for product returns of $1.4 million and $1.4 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The inventory returns receivable is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 in the consolidated balance sheets.
We recognized the following net revenue by geographic area based on the primary shipping address of the customer where the sale was made in our digital channel, and based on the physical store location where the sale was at a retail store.Cost of Revenue—Cost of revenue primarily consists of the cost of purchased inventory, inbound and outbound shipping costs, import duties, and distribution center and related equipment costs. Shipping costs to receive products from our suppliers are included in the cost of inventory and recognized as cost of revenue upon sale of products to our customers.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense Selling, General, and Administrative Expense—Selling, general, and administrative expense consists of personnel and related expenses, as well as third-party consulting and contractor expenses. It also includes rent expense and associated utilities, depreciation and amortization expense, software costs, third-party professional fees, payment processing fees. and other general expenses.
Marketing Expense Marketing Expense—Marketing expense consists of advertising costs and is expensed as incurred.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation—Stock-based compensation expense related to stock awards, including stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and stock purchase rights granted under the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP Rights”), is recognized based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of the grant. The fair value of each stock option award and ESPP Right is valued on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of each RSU is based on the estimated fair value of our common stock on the date of grant. Stock-based compensation is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Forfeitures are accounted for in the period in which they occur.
The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the fair value of the underlying common stock, the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the price of our common stock, risk-free interest rates and the expected dividend yield of our common stock. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the option awards represent management’s best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment.
We adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, on January 1, 2019, and the accounting for stock-based awards granted to non-employees were accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”) on a prospective basisThe ASU expanded the scope of ASC 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees. Accordingly, we have applied ASC 718 to non-employee awards, except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period).
Income Taxes
Income Taxes—We record deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated by applying enacted tax rates and laws to taxable years in which such differences are expected to reverse. We determine whether a valuation allowance is necessary in accordance with the provisions of the FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes. We recognize the benefits from our deferred tax assets only when an analysis of both positive and negative factors indicate that it is more likely than not that the benefits will be realized.
Our estimate of the potential outcome of any uncertain tax position is subject to our assessment of relevant risks, facts, and circumstances existing at that time. Obtaining new information, settlements with tax authorities and the expiration of statutes of limitations may cause adjustments in income tax expense in the period this occurs.
Comprehensive (Loss) Income Comprehensive Loss—Comprehensive loss represents net loss for the period, plus the results of certain other changes in stockholder’s equity (deficit).
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions—Adjustments resulting from translating foreign functional currency financial statements of our global subsidiaries into U.S. dollars are included in the foreign currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The remeasurement of our global subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities, which are denominated in a foreign currency, are recorded in other expense, within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Common Stock and Convertible Preferred Stock
Fair Value Measurements—FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP, and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. It clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1—Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets
Level 2—Inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly
Level 3—Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires us to develop our own assumptions.
This hierarchy requires us to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. Refer to Note 8, Fair Value Measurements for disclosure details.
Fair Value of Common Stock and Convertible Preferred Stock—Prior to our IPO and the absence of a public trading market of our common stock, and in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Accounting and Valuation Guide, Valuation of Privately-Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, our board of directors exercised reasonable judgment and considered numerous and subjective factors to determine the best estimate of fair value of our common stock, including:
independent third-party valuations of our common stock;
the prices at which we sold our common and convertible preferred stock to outside investors in arms-length transactions;
the rights, preferences, and privileges of our convertible preferred stock relative to those of our common stock;
our results of operations, financial position, and capital resources;
industry outlook;
the lack of marketability of our common stock;
the fact that the option grants involve illiquid securities in a private company;
the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an initial public offering or a sale of our company, given prevailing market conditions;
the history and nature of our business, industry trends, and competitive environment; and
general economic outlook including economic growth, inflation and unemployment, interest rate environment, and global economic trends.
In valuing our common stock, our board of directors determined the equity value of our business using various valuation methods, including the sale of preferred stock to unrelated third parties and combinations of income and market approaches, with input from management. The income approach estimates value based on the expectation of future cash flows that a company will generate. These future cash flows are discounted to their present values using a discount rate derived from an analysis of the cost of capital of comparable publicly traded companies in our industry or similar business operations as of each valuation date and is adjusted to reflect the risks inherent in our cash flows. For each valuation, the equity value determined by the income and market approaches was allocated to the common stock using either the option pricing method, (“OPM”), or a hybrid method. The hybrid method is a hybrid of the probability weighted expected return method (“PWERM”) and the OPM.
The OPM is based on a Black-Scholes option pricing model, which allows for the identification of a range of possible future outcomes, each with an associated probability. The OPM is appropriate to use when the range of possible future outcomes is difficult to predict and thus creates highly speculative forecasts. PWERM involves a forward-looking analysis of the possible future outcomes of the enterprise. This method is particularly useful when discrete future outcomes can be predicted at a relatively high confidence level with a probability distribution. Discrete future outcomes considered under the PWERM include an initial public offering, as well as other market-based outcomes. Determining the fair value of the enterprise using the PWERM required us to develop assumptions and estimates for both the probability of an initial public offering liquidity event and stay private outcomes, as well as the expected values those outcomes could yield. Our valuations prior to March 2021 were based on the OPM, and valuations from March 2021 through our IPO in November 2021 were based on a hybrid method of the PWERM and the OPM.
In addition, we also considered any secondary transactions involving our capital stock. In our evaluation of those transactions, we considered the facts and circumstances of each transaction to determine the extent to which they represented a fair value exchange. Factors considered include transaction volume, timing, whether the transactions occurred among willing and unrelated parties, and whether the transactions involved investors with access to our financial information.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements—As an “emerging growth company,” the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act, allows us to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. For certain pronouncements, we have elected to use the adoption dates applicable to private companies. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of issuers who are required to comply with the effective date for new or revised accounting standards that are applicable to public companies.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, (“ASU 2018-13”). This update removed the following disclosure requirements: (1) the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; (2) the policy for timing of transfers between levels; and (3) the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. Additionally, this update added the following disclosure requirements: (1) the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income and loss for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period; (2) the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. For certain unobservable inputs, an entity may disclose other quantitative information (such as the median or arithmetic average) in lieu of the weighted average if the entity determines that other quantitative information would be a more reasonable and rational method to reflect the distribution of unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. We adopted this update as of January 1, 2020, and noted no effect on the financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-15, Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract (“ASU 2018-15”). In discussing the topic of cloud computing accounting, ASU 2018-15 aligns the accounting for costs incurred to implement a cloud computing arrangement that is a service arrangement with the guidance on capitalizing costs associated with developing or obtaining internal-use software. ASU 2018-15 can be applied on a retrospective or prospective basis and is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. On January 1, 2021, we adopted ASU 2018-15 prospectively and cloud computing implementation costs incurred on or after January 1, 2021 are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet and are presented within operating cash flows. As of December 31, 2021, capitalized implementation costs for cloud computing arrangements were not material. The adoption did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which requires recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities in the balance sheet by the lessees for lease contracts with a lease term of more than 12 months. ASU 2016-02 can be applied on a modified retrospective basis, in which entities can present all prior periods under previous lease accounting guidance while recognizing the cumulative effect of applying the new standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the year of adoption. In June 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-05, Effective Dates for Certain Entities, which deferred the effective date for nonpublic entities, including emerging growth companies, that had not yet adopted the original ASU. Under the amended guidance, the leasing standard will be effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect of adoption of these standards on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, but expect to record a material right-of-use asset and liability on the consolidated balance sheet related to our operating leases upon adoption on January 1, 2022. We do not anticipate the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. We will take advantage of the transition package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which among other things, allows us to carryforward the historical lease classification and not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases. We will continue to finalize the implementation of new processes and the assessment of the impact of this adoption on our consolidated financial statements.
In December 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. For emerging growth companies that have elected the extended transition period for adopting new or revised accounting standards, ASU 2019-12 is effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.