0001062993-24-010319.txt : 20240515 0001062993-24-010319.hdr.sgml : 20240515 20240515160658 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001062993-24-010319 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 101 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20231231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20240515 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20240515 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: SusGlobal Energy Corp. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001652539 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: REFUSE SYSTEMS [4953] ORGANIZATION NAME: 01 Energy & Transportation IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-56024 FILM NUMBER: 24950508 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 200 DAVENPORT ROAD CITY: TORONTO STATE: A6 ZIP: M5R 1J2 BUSINESS PHONE: 4162238500 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 200 DAVENPORT ROAD CITY: TORONTO STATE: A6 ZIP: M5R 1J2 10-K 1 form10k.htm FORM 10-K SusGlobal Energy Corp.: Form 10-K - Filed by newsfilecorp.com
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UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K 

(Mark One)

[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended  December 31, 2023

OR

[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______________to ______________

Commission file number:  000-56024 

SUSGLOBAL ENERGY CORP.  
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware  38-4039116
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
   
200 Davenport Road  
Toronto, Ontario, Canada  M5R1J2
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code:
(416) 223-8500

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class   Trading Symbol(s)   Name of each exchange on which
registered
N/A   N/A   N/A

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes [   ] No [X]

 

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes [   ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No [   ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes [X] No [   ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer                      [   ] Accelerated filer                             [   ]
   
Non-accelerated filer                        [X] Smaller reporting company            [X]
   
Emerging growth company              [ ]  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [   ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. [ ]

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the fi ling reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). [   ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes [   ] No [X]

The aggregate market value of the 97,060,703 voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2023 (the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter) was $29,118,211 based on the closing price of $0.30 per share of the registrant's common stock as quoted on the OTCQB marketplace on that date.

The number of shares of Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, of the registrant outstanding as of May 15, 2024 was 125,332,019.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Page
  PART I  
Item 1. Business 4
Item 1A. Risk Factors 14
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 23
Item 2. Properties 23
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 23
Item 4. Mine Safety 24
  PART II  
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 24
Item 6. Selected Financial Data (Reserved)  
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 25
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 32
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 32
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 65
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 65
Item 9B. Other Information 65
  PART III  
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 65
Item 11. Executive Compensation 69
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 70
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 71
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 72
  PART IV  
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 72
 
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PART 1

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 

Item 1. Business.

OVERVIEW

The following organization chart sets forth our wholly owned subsidiaries:

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General

On February 4, 2019, the Company registered its common stock, having a par value of $.0001 per share, pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and is effective pursuant to General Instruction A.(d).

SusGlobal Energy Corp. ("SusGlobal") was formed by articles of amalgamation on December 3, 2014, in the Province of Ontario, Canada and its executive office is in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, at 200 Davenport Road. Our telephone number is 416-223-8500. Our website address is www.susglobalenergy.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K are all available, free of charge, on our website as soon as practicable after we file the reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). SusGlobal Energy Corp., a company in the start-up stages and Commandcredit Corp. ("Commandcredit"), an inactive Canadian public company, amalgamated to continue business under the name of SusGlobal Energy Corp.

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On May 23, 2017, SusGlobal filed an Application for Authorization to continue in another Jurisdiction with the Ministry of Government Services in Ontario and a certificate of corporate domestication and certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware under which it changed its jurisdiction of incorporation from Ontario to the State of Delaware (the "Domestication"). In connection with the Domestication each of the currently issued and outstanding common shares were automatically converted on a one-for-one basis into common shares compliant with the laws of the state of Delaware (the "Shares"). As a result of the Domestication, pursuant to Section 388 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL"), SusGlobal continued its existence under the DGCL as a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware. The business, assets and liabilities of SusGlobal and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, as well as its principal location and fiscal year, were the same immediately after the Domestication as they were immediately prior to the Domestication. SusGlobal filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4 to register the Shares and this registration statement was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 12, 2017.

SusGlobal is a renewables company focused on acquiring, developing and monetizing a global portfolio of proprietary technologies in the waste to energy and regenerative products application.

When the terms "the Company," "we," "us" or "our" are used in this document, those terms refer to SusGlobal Energy Corp., and its wholly owned subsidiaries, SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., SusGlobal Energy Canada I Ltd., SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd., SusGlobal Energy Hamilton Ltd., and 1684567 Ontario Inc.

On December 11, 2018, the Company began trading on the OTCQB venture market exchange, under the ticker symbol SNRG.

As the global amount of organic waste continues to grow, a solution for sustainable global management of these wastes is paramount. SusGlobal through its proprietary technology and processes is equipped and confident to deliver this objective. Management believes renewable energy is the energy of the future. Sources of this type of energy are more evenly distributed over the earth's surface than finite energy sources, making it an attractive alternative to petroleum-based energy. Biomass, one of the renewable resources, is derived from organic material such as forestry, food, plant and animal residuals. SusGlobal can therefore help you turn what many consider waste into precious energy and regenerative products. The portfolio will be comprised of three distinct types of technologies: (a) Process Source Separated Organics ("SSO") in anaerobic digesters to divert from landfills and recover biogas. This biogas can be converted to gaseous fuel for industrial processes, electricity to the grid or cleaned for compressed renewable gas. (b) Maximizing the capacity of existing infrastructure (anaerobic digesters) to allow processing of SSO to increase biogas yield. (c) and (c) process SSO and digestate to produce an organic compost or a pathogen free organic liquid fertilizer. The convertibility of organic material into valuable end products such as biogas, liquid biofuels, organic fertilizers and compost shows the utility of renewables. These products can be converted into electricity, fuels and marketed to agricultural operations that are looking for an increase in crop yields, soil amendment and environmentally-sound practices. This practice also diverts these materials from landfills and reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions ("GHG") that result from landfilling organic wastes. The Company can provide peace of mind that the full lifecycle of organic material is achieved, global benefits are realized and stewardship for total sustainability is upheld. It is management's objective to grow SusGlobal into a significant sustainable waste to energy and regenerative products provider, as Leaders in The Circular Economy®.

We believe the products and services offered can benefit both the public and private markets. The following includes some of our work managing organic waste streams: Anaerobic Digestion, Dry Digestion, Wastewater Treatment, In-Vessel Composting, SSO Treatment, Biosolids Heat Treatment, Leachate Management, Composting and Liquid Fertilizers.

The Company can provide a full range of services for handling organic residuals in a period where innovation and sustainability are paramount. From start to finish we offer in-depth knowledge, a wealth of experience and cutting-edge technology for handling organic waste.

The primary focus of the services SusGlobal provides includes integrating our technologies with capital investment to optimize the processing of SSO. Our processes not only divert significant organic waste from landfills, but also result in methane avoidance, with significant GHG reductions from waste disposal. The processes produce regenerative products through the conversion of organic wastes into organic fertilizer, both dry compost and liquid.

Currently, the primary customers are municipalities in both rural and urban centers in Ontario, Canada. Where necessary, to follow provincial and local environmental laws and regulations, SusGlobal submits applications to the respective authorities for approval prior to any necessary engineering being carried out.

We are a "smaller reporting company," as defined under SEC Regulation S-K. As such, we also are exempt from the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and are subject to less extensive disclosure requirements regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. We will continue to be deemed a smaller reporting company until (i) our public float exceeds $250 million on the last day of our second fiscal quarter in our prior fiscal year (if our annual revenues exceeded $100 million in such prior fiscal year); or (ii) our public float exceeds $700 million on the last day of our second fiscal quarter in our prior fiscal year (if our annual revenues were less than $100 million in such prior fiscal year).

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RECENT BUSINESS DEVELOPMENTS

On October 3, 2023, the Company announced it signed Commercial Terms for a ten (10) year Renewable Natural Gas ("RNG") Purchase and Sale Agreement (the "Agreement"). The Buyer will pay a purchase price of over US$20.00 (CA$27.00) per Metric Million British Thermal Unit ("MMbtu"), equivalent to approximately one Gigajoule ("GJ") of RNG at the delivery point, valuing the ten (10) year offtake agreement at approximately US$138,000,000 (CA$186,856,830). The Agreement is an industry standard summary of the commercial terms for the Renewable Natural Gas purchase and sale which allows the parties to maintain confidentiality while finalizing the definitive Renewable Natural Gas Purchase and Sale Agreement ("RNGPA") in the form of a GasEDI Base Contract with special provisions which were both subsequently signed and transaction confirmations of The RNGPA incorporating mutually agreeable and additional, more comprehensive terms, representations, warranties, and covenants customary to meet the local natural gas operating system standards, purchase offtake arrangements and required reporting to be agreed upon and signed.

On October 12, 2023, the Company announced that its wholly owned subsidiary SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd. ("SusGlobal Belleville") has generated approximately 12,500 additional Verified Emission Reductions and Removals ("VERRs") and sold a further 9,000 carbon credits as part of the Anew™ SusGlobal Belleville Composting Offset Project in Ontario (the "Project"). The Project has generated approximately 137,000 VERRS (generated from 2017 through 2022). The Project and report are listed on the GHG CleanProjects® Registry, https://www.csaregistries.ca/GHG_VR_Listing/CleanProjectDetail?ProjectId=909 a business unit of the Standards Division of the Canadian Standards Association ("CSA") for developed and marketed greenhouse gas ("GHG") offset credits from the Company's 49-acre Organic & Non-Hazardous Waste Processing & Composting Facility in Belleville, Ontario. The Project was developed by Anew Climate, LLC formerly known as Blue Source Canada ULC) ("Anew").

On November 2, 2023, the Company completed the purchase of additional land, consisting of a 2.03-acre site in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada for $2,292,760 (C$3,100,000). Prior to completing the purchase, the Company paid deposits of $229,276 (C$310,000) to the vendor. The balance of the purchase price was satisfied with a $1,479,200 (C$2,000,000) vendor take-back mortgage bearing interest at 7% annually, maturing in two years and the balance in cash financed by a second mortgage on the additional land bearing interest at 13% annually, maturing in one year and is secured by a third mortgage on the property in Belleville, Ontario, Canada.

On December 14, 2023, the Company announced an advisory and distribution agreement with Oak Hill Asset Management Inc., ("Oak Hill"), a prominent Toronto-based financial advisory firm with a strong track record of success and expertise in the investment sector. The non-exclusive agreement with Oak Hill to perform advisory and Exempt Market Dealer services is designed to better align the Company's balance sheet with both its growth opportunities and the perceived undervaluation of its assets by the public. The Company is actively pursuing Green Bond financing with accredited investors.

On or around November 27, 2023 and March 6, 2024, the Company experienced an outflow of contaminated water from its stormwater pond, which spilled over into the City of Belleville's roadside ditch and has continued to periodically overflow. The Company is working with its environmental consultants and its Canadian legal counsel to assess the damage caused, remediate this occurrence and report regularly to the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks from the Province of Ontario (the "MECP").

As a result of an order issued by the Ministry of Labour, Immigration, Training and Skills Development, specifically relating to high ammonia levels in one of the Company's composting buildings, the Company ceased accepting waste after January 10, 2024, to address this and other compliance matters issued by the MECP. The Company also received orders from the MECP to address repairs, the clean-up of unusable waste on site, re-habilitating its stormwater management system and other matters. Management anticipates these matters will take several months to complete, will require significant investment, and are dependent on the Company securing funding. We believe that our operating property, vehicle and equipment had been adequately maintained but will require significant investment to carry out repairs and improvements as ordered by the MECP. This will also include replacement of certain equipment at the Company's Belleville waste processing and composting facility.

New and Renewed Consulting Contracts

The Company entered into an Executive Chairman Consulting Agreement (the "CEO's Consulting Agreement"), by and among the Company, Travellers International Inc. ("Travellers"), and the CEO, who is also a director, the Executive Chairman and President of the Company, effective January 1, 2023 (the "Effective Date"). The CEO's Consulting Agreement replaced the consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2022.

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Pursuant to the terms of the CEO's Consulting Agreement, for his services as the CEO, the compensation is at a rate of $30,244 (C$40,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning on the Effective Date, and at a rate of $37,805 (C$50,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning January 1, 2024. In addition, the Company agreed to grant the CEO 3,000,000 restricted shares of the Company's common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share (the "Common Stock") on the Effective Date. This common stock was issued on January 3, 2023. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CEO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CEO.

The CEO's Consulting Agreement is for a term of twenty-four (24) months. Upon a Constructive Discharge (as defined in the CEO's Consulting Agreement) and subject to certain notification requirements and the Company's opportunity to cure the Constructive Discharge, the CEO will be entitled to a compensation of twelve (12) months' fees, as well as any bonus compensation owing.

The Company also entered into an Executive Consulting Agreement (the "CFO Consulting Agreement"), by and between the Company and the CFO of the Company, effective January 1, 2023. Pursuant to the terms of the CFO Consulting Agreement, the CFO is entitled to fees of $9,451 (C$12,500) per month for twelve (12). In addition, the Company has also agreed to grant the CFO 100,000 restricted shares of the Company's common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share on the Effective Date. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CFO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CFO. This common stock was issued on January 3, 2023. The CFO's Consulting Agreement replaced the consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2022.

The CFO's Consulting Agreement is for a term of twelve (12) months. Upon a Constructive Discharge (as defined in the CFO's Consulting Agreement) and subject to certain notification requirements and the Company's opportunity to cure the Constructive Discharge, the CFO will be entitled to a compensation of two (2) months' fees, as well as any bonus compensation owing.

Financings

(a) Securities Purchase Agreements

On December 31, 2023, the Company had and currently has 5 security purchase agreements outstanding with 4 investors. The outstanding principal balance at December 31, 2023 of the convertible promissory notes was $7,442,600, including accrued interest of $1,232,440 with a fair value of $10,519,824. Please refer to the consolidated financial statements, convertible promissory notes, note 12 and fair value measurement, note 13 for details on the convertible promissory notes.

On April 15, 2024, the Company received proceeds of $100,500, net of an original issue discount of 10% and disbursements, on a new convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $120,000.

(b) PACE

On March 28, 2023, the Company and PACE finalized a full and final mutual release of all the obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest, in exchange for an amount of $922,875 (C$1,250,000). The funds were being held in escrow by the Company's Canadian legal counsel. The funds were to be released to PACE once the letter of credit, in the amount of $204,384 (C$276,831), was released by the MECP to PACE. On November 3, 2023, immediately prior to the full and final release of the funds held in escrow, the obligations owing to PACE were $3,452,655 (C$4,668,274), included under long-term debt and accrued interest of $391,785 (C$529,725) included under accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, in total $3,844,440 (C$5,197,999).

As noted above, on November 3, 2023, the funds held in escrow, in the amount of $924,500 (C$1,250,000), were released to PACE (now Alterna Savings and Credit Union Limited "Alterna") and Alterna released all security it held to the Company.

The Company continues to be responsible in replacing the letter of credit previously held by PACE in favor of the MECP which is in the amount of $482,117 ($C637,637). The MECP is accepting an amount of $110,759 ($C146,487) until the Company provides details supporting the revised financial assurance.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, $70,615 (C$95,297) (2022-$357,038; C$464,168), in interest was incurred on the PACE long-term debt. As at December 31, 2023, $nil (C$nil) (2022-$288,407; C$390,636) in accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets

 
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(c) Mortgages

i. The Company obtained a 1st mortgage provided by private lenders to finance the acquisition of the shares of 1684567 and to provide funds for additional financing needs, including additional lands, received in four tranches totaling $3,931,720 (C$5,200,000) (December 31, 2022-$3,839,160; C$5,200,000). The fourth tranche was received on August 13, 2021 in the amount of $1,402,770 (C$1,900,000) and a portion of this fourth tranche, $1,368,759 (C$1,853,933), was used to fund a portion of the purchase of the first Hamilton Property on August 17, 2021. The 1st mortgage was repayable interest only on a monthly basis at an annual rate of the higher of the Royal Bank of Canada's prime rate plus 6.05% per annum and 10% per annum with a maturity date of December 1, 2023. The Company continued to be charged at the rate of 10% per annum. On December 1, 2023, the 1st mortgage was renewed with a new maturity date of June 1, 2024 and a fixed interest rate of 13% per annum. On renewal, the 1st mortgage was increased by $314,749 (C$416,280) to account for increased interest based on the previous variable rate, three months of prepaid interest and a financing fee. The 1st mortgage is secured by the shares held of 1684567, a 1st mortgage on the premises located at 704 Phillipston Road, Roslin (near Belleville), Ontario, Canada and a general assignment of rents. Financing fees on the 1st mortgage totaled $344,342 (C$455,419). As at December 31, 2023 $44,555 (C$58,928) (December 31, 2022-$31,555; C$42,740) of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as at December 31, 2022 there is $32,764 (C$43,333) (December 31, 2022-$56,409; C$76,404) of unamortized financing fees included in long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets.
   
ii. On March 1, 2023, the Company obtained a 2nd mortgage in the amount of $1,134,150 (C$1,500,000) bearing interest at the annual rate of 12%, repayable monthly, interest only with a maturity date of March 1, 2024, secured as noted under (c) i above. The Company incurred financing fees of $45,366 (C$60,000). As at December 31, 2023 $11,187 (C$14,795) (December 31, 2022-$nil; C$nil) of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as at December 31, 2023 there is $7,457 (C$9,863) of unamortized financing fees included in long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets.
   
iii. On November 2, 2023, the Company completed the purchase of additional land, consisting of a 2.03-acre site in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada for $2,292,760 (C$3,100,000), prior to an additional disbursement of $44,213 (C$58,475) representing land transfer tax. The Company obtained a vendor take-back mortgage in the amount of $1,479,200 (C$2,000,000) bearing interest at 7% annually, payable monthly, interest only and maturing November 2, 2025. An additional mortgage, as noted below under paragraph (c) iv, was arranged to complete the purchase.
   
iv. In connection with the purchase of additional land noted above under paragraph (c) iii above, a 2nd mortgage was obtained in the amount of $793,905 (C$1,050,000) bearing interest at 13% annually, payable monthly interest only and secured by a 3rd mortgage on the property in Belleville, Ontario, Canada.
   
v. On December 14, 2023, the Company made arrangements to repay the previous 1st mortgage on the first property purchased in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada on August 17, 2021, for a new 1st mortgage in the amount of $1,688,597 ($C2,233,298) with new creditors. The original 1st mortgage was a vendor take back mortgage, as noted below under paragraph (c) vi.
   
vi. On August 17, 2021, the Company obtained a vendor take-back 1st mortgage in the amount of $1,476,600 (C$2,000,000), on the purchase of the first property in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The 1st mortgage bore interest at an annual rate of 2% per annum, was repayable monthly interest only and had a maturity date of August 17, 2023 and was secured by the assets on this first property in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. As noted under paragraph (c) v above, this mortgage was repaid on the transfer to the new creditors.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, $718,535 (C$969,683) (2022-$430,772; C$560,026) in interest was incurred on the mortgages payable.

(d) Canada Emergency Business Account (the "CEBA")

As a result of the COVID-19 virus, the Government of Canada launched the CEBA, a program to ensure that small businesses have access to the capital they need to see them through the current challenges and better position them to quickly return to providing services to their communities and creating employment. The program is administered by Canadian chartered banks and credit unions.

On April 27, 2020, the Company received a total of $60,488 (C$80,000) and on December 17, 2020 a further $15,122 (C$20,000) under this program, from its Canadian chartered bank.

Under the initial term date of the loans, which is detailed in the CEBA term loan agreements, the amounts were due on December 31, 2022 and are interest-free. If the loans were not repaid by December 31, 2022, the Company could make payments, interest only, on a monthly basis at an annual rate of 5%, under the extended term date, beginning January 1, 2023, maturing December 31, 2025.

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The CEBA term loan agreements were amended by extending the interest free repayment date by one year to December 31, 2023. If paid by January 18, 2024 or 30% $22,683 (C$30,000), of the loans would be forgiven. Repayment terms on the extended period were unchanged. The loans were repaid subsequent to the year-end on January 9, 2024 and January 11, 2024 and the forgiven amount was as noted above.

(e) Financings Related to Obligations Under Capital Lease

The Company has one remaining lease obligation under capital lease for machinery and equipment at their waste management and composting facility, as noted below:

(i) The lease agreement for certain equipment for the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility at a cost of $294,614 (C$389,650), is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $5,181 (C$6,852), plus applicable harmonized sales taxes for a period of fifty-nine months plus an initial deposit of $14,706 (C$19,450) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes and an option to purchase the equipment for a final payment of a nominal amount of $76 (C$100) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes on February 27, 2025. The leasing agreement bears interest at the rate of 3.59% annually, compounded monthly, due January 27, 2025.
   
  For the year ended December 31, 2023, $3,687 (C$4,976) (2022-$4,762; C$6,191) in interest was incurred.

(f) Other

On April 8, 2021, the Company took delivery of a truck and hauling trailer for a total purchase price of $165,085 (C$218,338) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes. The purchase was financed by a bank term loan of $151,220 (C$200,000), over a forty-eight-month term, bearing interest at 4.95% per annum with monthly blended instalments of principal and interest payments of $3,706 (C$4,901) due April 7, 2025.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, $3,238 (C$4,369) (2022-$5,500; C$7,150) in interest was incurred.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company raised $380,971 (2022-$907,760), in a private placement on the issuance of 1,536,582 (2022-4,444,041) common shares of the Company.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the director's company, Travellers, converted a total of $278,845 (C$372,483) (2022- $nil; C$nil) of loans provided during the year and $300,156 (C$406,800) (2022-$33,371; C$45,200) of accounts payable owing to Travellers for 2,911,852 (2022-193,778) common shares. For the year ended December 31, 2023, $nil (C$nil) (2022-$518; C$674) of interest was incurred on loans from the CFO which were repaid during the year.

On January 9, 2024, the Company received a loan in the amount of $249,263 (C$329,670) from Haute Inc., an Ontario company controlled by the CEO. The proceeds received on January 9, 2024 net of capitalized interest for six months and a financing fee amounted to $226,830 (C$300,000).

On January 15, 2024, Travellers International Inc. ("Travellers"), an Ontario company controlled by a director and chief executive officer (the "CEO"), converted a total of $102,527 (C$135,600) of accounts payable owing for 809,044 common shares of the Company.

On April 2, 2024, the Company received funds in the amount of $148,217 (C$196,028), on a 4 th mortgage in the amount of $244,815 (C$323,786) net of unpaid interest, a financing fee and six months of capitalized interest, on the Company's waste processing and composting facility in Belleville, Ontario, Canada.

On April 15, 2024, the Company received proceeds of $100,500, net of an original issue discount of 10% and disbursements, on a new convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $120,000.

Treatment of Organic Waste and Septage

On February 28, 2019, the Company announced that it had received the project completion report titled: Development Optimization and Validation of an Innovative Integrated Anaerobic Thermophilic Digester Treatment of Organic Waste and Septage. The report was written by a research team at Fleming College's Centre for Advancement of Water and Wastewater Technologies, located in Lindsay, Ontario, Canada. The collaborative project was supported by the Advancing Water Technologies Program (the "AWT Program") of Southern Ontario Water Consortium. The project focused on the development of a new and innovative technology for handling and processing organic residuals. This new technology utilizes the anaerobic mesophilic digestion process coupled with thermophilic digestion to maximize biogas yields and produce organic fertilizer through optimal operations.

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On September 21, 2022, the Company announced that its wholly owned subsidiary SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd. ("SusGlobal Belleville") has generated its first Verified Emission Reductions and Removals ("VERRs") and sold its first carbon credits as part of the Anew™ SusGlobal Belleville Composting Offset Project in Ontario (the "Project"). The Project generated approximately 137,000 VERRS from 2017 through 2022 with an approximate market value of between $3.78 (C$5.00) and $7.56 (C$10.00) per VERR. Up to the date of this filing, the Company has sold 42,302 VERRS. The Project report was submitted to the GHG CleanProjects® Registry, a business unit of the Standards Division of the Canadian Standards Association ("CSA"). The Project is part of the Offset Development and Marketing Agreement with Anew Canada ULC (formerly known as Blue Source Canada ULC) ("Anew Canada") for developed and marketed greenhouse gas ("GHG") offset credits from the Company's 49-acre Organic & Non-Hazardous Waste Processing & Composting Facility in Belleville, Ontario.

The Project has enabled an increase in the diversion of organic waste from landfills, thereby avoiding methane generation. Methane is a highly potent greenhouse gas which is 28 times more effective at trapping heat energy in our atmosphere than carbon dioxide. As organic waste decomposes in landfills, the methane builds up and must be released to prevent dangerous working conditions. By diverting waste that contributes to this problem, the Project benefits the community as well as the climate.

Operations

The Company owns Environmental Compliance Approvals (the "ECAs") issued by the MECP from the Province of Ontario, in place to accept up to 70,000 metric tonnes ("MT") of waste annually from the provinces of Ontario, Quebec and from New York state, and to operate a waste transfer station with the capacity to process up to an additional 50,000 MT of waste annually. Once built, the location of the waste transfer station will be alongside the Organic and Non-Hazardous Waste Processing and Composting Facility which is currently operating in Belleville, Ontario, Canada.

Waste Transfer Station- Access to the waste transfer station is critical to haulers who collect waste in areas not in close proximity to disposal facilities where such disposal continues to be permitted. Tipping fees charged to third parties at waste transfer stations are usually based on the type and volume or weight of the waste deposited at the waste transfer station, the distance to the disposal site, market rates for disposal costs and other general market factors.

Organic Composting Facility- As noted above, the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility, located in Belleville, Ontario Canada, has ECAs in place to accept up to 70,000 MT of waste annually and is currently in operation. Certain assets of the organic waste processing and composting facility, including the ECAs for the waste transfer station (not yet built), were acquired by the Company on September 15, 2017, from the Receiver for Astoria, under the asset purchase agreement (the"APA"). The Company charges tipping fees for the waste accepted at the organic waste composting facility based on arrangements in place with the customers and the type of waste accepted. Typical waste accepted includes, SSO, leaf and yard, food, liquid, paper sludge and biosolids. During the year ended December 31, 2023, tipping fees ranged from $51 (C$69) to $118 (C$159) per MT.

The Company owns a 41,535 square foot facility (approximately 27% complete) on 5.29 acres in Hamilton, Ontario (the "Hamilton Facility"), which includes an Environmental Compliance Approval to process 65,884 MT per annum of organic waste, 24 hours per day 7 days a week. The facility has been designed to produce, distribute and warehouse the Company's SusGro™ organic liquid fertilizer and other products that are anticipated to be provided under private label and to be sold through big box retailers, consumer lawn and garden suppliers, and for end use to the wine, cannabis and agriculture industries. With the addition of a further 11,000 square feet of office space and R&D labs, the Hamilton facility will also house the continued development of SusGlobal's proprietary formulations and branded liquid and dry organic fertilizers.

Market Opportunity

Industry Overview

Sustainable solutions to processing organic waste streams and diverting them from landfills to reduce GHG provides an opportunity for the infrastructure which SusGlobal operates with the ECA's attached to the Company's facilities. As more governments legislate and mandate that no organic wastes are to be landfilled as part of a climate change initiative SusGlobal can process these waste streams and produce regenerative products as part of the Company's Circular Economy initiative.

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Industry Trends

The organic fertilizer market is expected to grow at a compounded annual growth rate. The major drivers for this market are increasing consumption of organic food and products such as cannabis, wine and favorable government rules and regulations. SusGlobal produces a dry organic compost currently and expects to produce an organic liquid pathogen-free fertilizer at its Hamilton Facility to meet the growing demand in this market.

Operating Businesses and Revenue

The Company has five wholly owned and active subsidiaries: SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., SusGlobal Energy Canada I Ltd., SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd., SusGlobal Energy Hamilton Ltd. and 1684567 Ontario Inc. The Company currently has five full-time employees and two independent contractors. Of the five full-time employees, three are employed in management and administrative positions, and the balance in operations. The two independent contractors provide services in management positions. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements.

We operate the following businesses:

• Environmental Compliance Approvals: The Company owns the Environmental Compliance Approvals (the "ECAs") issued by the MECP from the Province of Ontario, in place to accept up to 70,000 MT of waste annually from the provinces of Ontario, Quebec and from New York state, and to operate a waste transfer station with the capacity to process up to an additional 50,000 MT of waste annually. Once built, the location of the waste transfer station will be alongside the organic waste processing and composting facility which has been operating in Belleville, Ontario, Canada. The Company owns the Environmental Compliance Approvals (the "ECAs") issued by the MECP from the Province of Ontario, in place to accept up to 65,884 MT of waste annually from the province of Ontario at the facility located in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
   
• Waste Transfer Station: Access to the waste transfer station is critical to haulers who collect waste in areas not in close proximity to disposal facilities where such disposal continues to be permitted. Tipping fees charged to third parties at waste transfer stations are usually based on the type and volume or weight of the waste deposited at the waste transfer station, the distance to the disposal site, market rates for disposal costs and other general market factors.
   
• Organic Composting Facility: As noted above, the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility, located in Belleville, Ontario Canada, has ECAs in place to accept up to 70,000 MT of waste annually and is currently in operation. Certain assets of the organic waste processing and composting facility, including the ECAs for the waste transfer station (not yet built), were acquired by the Company on September 15, 2017, from the Receiver for Astoria, under an APA. The Company charges tipping fees for the waste accepted at the organic waste composting facility based on arrangements in place with the customers and the type of waste accepted. Typical waste accepted includes, SSO, leaf and yard, food, liquid, paper sludge and biosolids. As noted above, once operations commence, anticipated to be mid-year 2025, in the Hamilton Facility (purchased on August 17, 2021) and located in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, will have the capacity to process 65,884 MT of waste annually to produce an organic liquid fertilizer.

We generate revenue from the following activities:

• Tipping fees paid by municipalities and haulers from green bin programs of SSO and other non-hazardous waste,

• the sale of the regenerative products such as organic dry compost and in the future organic liquid fertilizer at our Hamilton Facility with solution-specific brands sold to consumer markets, agriculture, wine and the cannabis industry; and

• the sale of carbon credits generated by our facilities.

The direct costs of our revenue consist primarily of employee costs, utilities, various equipment and automotive-related expenses, landfilling costs and depreciation.

Our Strengths

SusGlobal has the expertise, proprietary processes, technologies, the environmental compliance approvals and permits to operate and process high volumes of organic waste streams to produce proprietary regenerative products and sell in a high demand market.

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Our Growth Strategy

SusGlobal owns two (2) processing and production properties, one of which is under renovation (approximately 27% complete), as part of a regional model and strategy which the Company expects will be exported to other municipalities in North America and globally. The processing facilities, one of which is under renovation, have production lines, warehouses, research and development and offices. The Company will continue to acquire, develop and monetize proprietary technologies and processes in the waste to regenerative products globally, focusing on implementing a robust intellectual property strategy. The Company will invest in research and development to bring more products to market and increase revenue and cash flow by increasing output, higher production speeds and overall efficiency of all segments of our business.

Sales and Marketing Strategy

The Company contacts major organic waste generators such as municipalities, commercial and industrial organic waste sources and bids for municipal and commercial contracts. The Company is expected to employ a sales team to market its products to the various agriculture, wine and cannabis industries and lawn and garden consumer market for its organic fertilizer products.

Competition

Many of our current and potential competitors are well established and have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial and operational resources and name recognition. Although some of our competitors have been in business for over 100 years, we believe that with our diverse product line, current and expected, better efficiencies resulting in lower wholesale cost of sales, we could obtain a large market share and continue to generate sales growth and compete in the industry. The principal competitive factors in all our product markets are technical features, quality, availability, price, customer support and distribution coverage. The relative importance of each of these factors varies depending on the region. We believe using our expected direct store distribution model nationwide will open significant opportunities for growth.

The markets in which we operate currently and, in the future, can be generally categorized as highly competitive. To maximize our competitive advantages, we expect to continue to expand our product portfolio to capitalize on market trends, changes in technology and new product releases.

Intellectual Property

The protection of our intellectual property is an essential aspect of our business. We own our domain names and trademarks relating to our website's design and content, including our brand name and various logos and slogans. We rely upon a combination of trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights, confidentiality procedures, contractual commitments and other legal rights to establish and protect our intellectual property. We generally enter into confidentiality agreements and invention or work product assignment agreements with our employees and consultants to control access to and clarify ownership of our processes, documentation, and other proprietary information.

As of the date of this filing, we held 4 registered trademarks in the United States. Trademarks include the terms SUSGLOBAL®, CARING FOR EARTH'S JOURNEY®, EARTH'S JOURNEY®, LEADERS IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY®. Our SUSGRO trademark application had been opposed but has since been withdrawn by The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company (NYSE: SMG) and is now being registered for use by the Company.

Seasonal Trends

Our operating revenues tend to be somewhat higher in summer months, primarily due to waste volumes resulting from higher construction and demolition waste volumes and the availability of leaf and yard waste along with any contracts involving the grinding of leaf and yard waste. In addition, revenue from the sale of organic compost would be higher beginning in late spring and tapering off in the fall.

Employees

As noted above, we currently have five full time employees (four on December 31, 2023), and two independent contractors. Of the five current full-time employees, three are employed in management and administrative positions, and the balance in operations. The two independent contractors provide services in management positions. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements.

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Financial Assurance and Insurance Obligations

Financial Assurance

Municipal and governmental waste service contracts generally require contracting parties to demonstrate financial responsibility for their obligations under the contract. Financial assurance is also a requirement for (i) obtaining or retaining disposal site or waste transfer station operating permits; and (ii) estimated post-closure and environmental remedial obligations at our operations. We have established financial assurance using letters of credit and/or deposits with the municipalities. The type of assurance used is based on several factors, most importantly: jurisdiction, contractual requirements, market factors and availability of credit capacity.

As required by the MECP, on a tri-annual basis, the financial assurance is reviewed and updated. The financial assurance requested by the MECP was updated to $482,117 (C$637,637) and now reduced to $110,759 (C$146,487) as the Company is in the process of resubmitting its financial assurance estimates submission to the MECP, through the assistance of an environmental consultant. The Company has not yet provided this financial assurance, which was to replace the previous financial assurance provided by PACE that expired on September 30, 2023.

Insurance

We have in the past carried a broad range of insurance coverages, which may include general liability, automobile liability, workers' compensation, real and personal property, directors' and officers' liability, environmental and pollution legal liability and other coverages we believe are customary to the industry. Our exposure to loss for insurance claims is generally limited to the per-incident deductible under the related insurance policy. The impact of any known casualty, property, environmental or other contingency may have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. As a result of the lack of funding we have not been able to provide complete insurance coverage or self-insure for the current year.

Regulation

Our business is subject to extensive and evolving federal, provincial and local environmental, health, safety and transportation laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are administered by the MECP, Environment Canada, and various other federal, provincial and local environmental, zoning, transportation, land use, health and safety agencies in Canada. Many of these agencies regularly examine our operations to monitor compliance with these laws and regulations and have the power to enforce compliance, obtain injunctions or impose civil or criminal penalties in case of non-compliance. During 2020 and 2023, the MECP has carried out inspections of our waste processing and composting facility to address certain items of non-compliance with our ECAs. These inspections and orders issued by the MECP have and will result in significant expenditures to begin addressing the items of non-compliance. Some of the corrective action includes certain sampling, testing, removal of excess waste from the facility and addressing the water level in the facility's stormwater pond which far exceeds the required level as stipulated in its ECA. The Company has completed some of the corrective action and communicates regularly with the MECP and will continue with the remaining corrective action through 2024. As at December 31, 2023, the Company has accrued the estimated costs totaling $2,153,214 (C$2,847,790 (2022-$667,635 (C$904,287) in connection with the corrective action.

An offence notice for exceeding odor units was filed by the MECP on the Company in the prior year. A proceeding was held remotely on March 21, 2022, at a Provincial Offence Court and was adjourned to April 11, 2022, to address and accept a Crown resolution offer of fines assessed by the MECP, in the amount of $99,520 (C$131,255). On May 16, 2022 the Company agreed to accept the Crown resolution offer and fine in the amount of $99,620 (C$131,255). This amount is included under accounts payable on the consolidated balance sheets.

Since the primary mission of our business is to manage solid and liquid waste hauled to our organic waste processing and composting facility in an environmentally sound manner, our capital expenditures are related, either directly or indirectly, to environmental protection measures, including compliance with federal, provincial and local rules. There are costs associated with siting, design, permitting, operations, monitoring, site maintenance, corrective actions, financial assurance, and facility closure and post-closure obligations. With acquisition, development or expansion of a waste management or waste transfer station, we must often spend considerable time, effort and money to obtain or maintain required permits and approvals. There are no assurances that we will be able to obtain or maintain required governmental approvals. Once obtained, operating permits are subject to renewal, modification, suspension or revocation by the issuing agency. Compliance with current regulations and future requirements could require us to make significant capital and operating expenditures. However, most of this expenditure is made in the normal course of business and does not place us at any competitive disadvantage.

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The primary Provincial statutes affecting our business are summarized below:

Provincial and Local Regulations

Various provincial and local regulations affect our operations. The Province of Ontario has its own laws and regulations governing solid waste disposal, water and air pollution, and, in most cases, releases and cleanup of hazardous substances and liabilities for such matters. The Province of Ontario has also adopted regulations governing the design, operation, maintenance and closure of waste transfer stations. Some regions, municipalities and other local governments in Ontario have adopted similar laws and regulations. Our facilities and operations are likely to be subject to these types of requirements.

Our operations are affected by the increasing preference for alternatives to landfill disposal. Many regional and local governments in Ontario mandate recycling and waste reduction at the source and prohibit the disposal of certain types of waste, such as yard waste, food waste and electronics at landfills. The number of regional and local governments in Ontario with recycling requirements and disposal bans continues to grow, while the logistics and economics of recycling the items remain challenging. In addition, Ontario has imposed timelines for the ban of organics from landfills in the province in an effort to totally divert these wastes from landfills. This will provide opportunities for the expansion of facilities like ours. This had already occurred in the province of Quebec and in the United States of America (the "USA"), where various states have enacted, or are considering enacting, laws that restrict the disposal within the state of solid waste generated outside the state. While laws that overtly discriminate against out-of-state waste have been found to be unconstitutional, some laws that are less overtly discriminatory have been upheld in court. From time to time, the United States Congress has considered legislation authorizing states to adopt regulations, restrictions, or taxes on the importation of out-of-state or out-of-jurisdiction waste. Additionally, several state and local governments have enacted "flow control" regulations, which attempt to require that all waste generated within the state or local jurisdiction be deposited at specific sites. In 1994, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a flow control ordinance that gave preference to a local facility that was privately owned was unconstitutional, but in 2007, the Court ruled that an ordinance directing waste to a facility owned by the local government was constitutional. The United States Congress' adoption of legislation allowing restrictions on interstate transportation of out-of-state or out-of-jurisdiction waste or certain types of flow control, or courts' interpretations of interstate waste and flow control legislation, could adversely affect our solid and hazardous waste management services.

Federal, Provincial and Local Climate Change Initiatives

Considering regulatory and business developments related to concerns about climate change, we have identified a strategic business opportunity to provide our public and private sector customers with sustainable solutions to reduce their Greenhouse Gas ("GHG") emissions. As part of our on-going marketing evaluations, we assess customer demand for and opportunities to develop waste services offering verifiable carbon reductions, such as waste reduction, increased recycling, and conversion of biogas and discarded materials into electricity and fuel. We use carbon life cycle tools in evaluating potential new services and in establishing the value proposition that makes us attractive as an environmental service provider. We are active in support of public policies that encourage development and use of lower carbon energy and waste services that lower users' carbon footprints. We understand the importance of broad stakeholder engagement in these endeavors, and actively seek opportunities for public policy discussion on more sustainable materials management practices. In addition, we work with stakeholders at the federal and provincial level in support of legislation that encourages production and use of renewable, low-carbon fuels and electricity. Despite the past U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Climate Accords, we have seen no reduction in customer demand for services aligned with their GHG reduction goals and strategies. Ontario is part of the WCI led by the state of California and, if anything, California has doubled down on their GHG reduction goals. The states of Oregon and Washington are also considering joining the WCI that currently includes, amongst other states and provinces, California, Ontario and Quebec as members.

We continue to assess the physical risks to company operations from the effects of severe weather events and use risk mitigation planning to increase our resiliency in the face of such events. We are investing in infrastructure to withstand more severe storm events, which may afford us a competitive advantage and reinforce our reputation as a reliable service provider through continued service in the aftermath of such events.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

To keep our stockholders and the public informed about our business, we may make "forward-looking statements." Forward-looking statements usually relate to future events and anticipated revenues, earnings, cash flows or other aspects of our operations or operating results. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the words, "will," "may," "should," "continue," "anticipate," "believe," "expect," "plan," "forecast," "project," "estimate," "intend" and words of a similar nature and generally include statements containing:

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• projections about accounting and finances;

• plans and objectives for the future;

• projections or estimates about assumptions relating to our performance; or

• our opinions, views or beliefs about the effects of current or future events, circumstances or performance.

You should view these statements with caution. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, circumstances or events. They are based on facts and circumstances known to us as of the date the statements are made. All aspects of our business are subject to uncertainties, risks and other influences, many of which we do not control. Any of these factors, either alone or taken together, could have a material adverse effect on us and could change whether any forward-looking statement ultimately turns out to be true. Additionally, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statement as a result of future events, circumstances or developments. The following discussion should be read together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto. Outlined below are some of the risks that we believe could affect our business and financial statements for 2023 and beyond and that could cause actual results to be materially different from those that may be set forth in forward-looking statements made by the Company.

Any investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk, including the risks described below. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer as a result of these risks, and the trading price of our shares could decline, perhaps significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. See the section entitled "Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We may experience claims that our products infringe the intellectual property rights of others, which may cause us to incur unexpected costs or prevent us from selling our products.

We seek to improve our business processes and develop new products and applications. Many of our competitors have a substantial amount of intellectual property that we must continually monitor to avoid infringement. We cannot guarantee that we will not experience claims that our processes and products infringe issued patents (whether present or future) or other intellectual property rights belonging to others. If we are sued for infringement and lose, we could be required to pay substantial damages or be enjoined from using or selling the infringing products or technology. Further, intellectual property litigation is expensive and time-consuming, regardless of the merits of any claim, and could divert our management's attention from operating our business.

Our relationship with our employees could deteriorate, and certain key employees could leave the Company, which could adversely affect our business and our results of operations.

Our business involves complex operations and therefore demands a management team and employee workforce that is knowledgeable and expert in many areas necessary for our operations. We rely on our ability to attract and retain skilled employees, including our specialized research and development and sales and service personnel, to maintain our efficient production. The departure of a significant number of our highly skilled employees or of one or more employees who hold key management positions could have an adverse impact on our operations, including as a result of customers choosing to follow a regional manager to one of our competitors.

We face intense competition, and our failure to compete successfully may have an adverse effect on our net sales, gross profit and financial condition.

Our industry is highly competitive. Many of our competitors may have greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do and may be able to devote greater resources to promoting and selling certain products.

If we do not compete successfully by developing and deploying new cost-effective products, processes and technologies on a timely basis and by adapting to changes in our industry and the global economy, our net sales, gross profit and financial condition could be adversely affected.

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Failure to comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and other similar anti-corruption laws, could subject us to penalties and damage our reputation.

We are subject to the FCPA, which generally prohibits U.S. companies and their intermediaries from making corrupt payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment and requires companies to maintain certain policies and procedures. Certain jurisdictions in which we conduct business may be at a heightened risk for corruption, extortion, bribery, pay-offs, theft and other fraudulent practices. Under the FCPA, U.S. companies may be held liable for actions taken by their strategic or local partners or representatives. If we, or our intermediaries, fail to comply with the requirements of the FCPA, or similar laws of other countries, governmental authorities in the United States or elsewhere, as applicable, could seek to impose civil and/or criminal penalties, which could damage our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are not insured against all potential risks.

To the extent available and where financially possible, we maintain insurance coverage that we believe is customary in our industry. Such insurance does not, however, provide coverage for all liabilities, including certain hazards incidental to our business, and we cannot assure you that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover claims that may arise or that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance at rates we consider reasonable. As a result of the lack of funding we have not been able to provide complete insurance coverage for the current year.

We may not be able to consummate future acquisitions or successfully integrate acquisitions into our business, which could result in unanticipated expenses and losses.

Part of our strategy is to grow through acquisitions. Consummating acquisitions of related businesses, or our failure to integrate such businesses successfully into our existing businesses, could result in unanticipated expenses and losses. Furthermore, we may not be able to realize any of the anticipated benefits from the acquisitions.

In connection with potential future acquisitions, the process of integrating acquired operations into our existing operations may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and may require significant financial resources that would otherwise be available for the ongoing development or expansion of existing operations. Some of the risks associated with acquisitions include:

• unexpected losses of key employees or customers of the acquired company;

• conforming the acquired company's standards, processes, procedures and controls with our operations;

• coordinating new product and process development;

• hiring additional management and other critical personnel;

• negotiating with labor unions; and

• increasing the scope, geographic diversity and complexity of our operations.

In addition, we may encounter unforeseen obstacles or costs in the integration of businesses we may acquire. Also, the presence of one or more material liabilities of an acquired company that are unknown to us at the time of acquisition may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Business disruptions could seriously harm revenues and increase our costs and expenses.

Our operations could be subject to extraordinary events, including natural disasters, political disruptions, terrorist attacks, acts of war and other business disruptions, which could seriously harm our net sales and increase our costs and expenses. These blackouts, floods and storms could cause disruptions to our operations or the operations of our suppliers, distributors, resellers or customers. Similar losses and interruptions could also be caused by earthquakes, telecommunications failures, water shortages, tsunamis, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics and other natural or manmade disasters for which we are predominantly self-insured.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock

An active trading market may not result for our common stock.

On December 11, 2018, our common stock commenced quotation on the OTCQB Market, under the symbol, SNRG. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in us will lead to the development of an active trading market or how liquid that market might become. An active public market for our common stock may not develop or be sustained. If an active public market does not develop or is not sustained, it may be difficult for you to sell your shares of common stock at a price that is attractive to you, or at all.

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We have a history of net losses, and we expect to incur additional losses.

In each year since our inception, we have incurred losses and have generated in total, since inception, only $6,262,852 in revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2023, net losses attributable to common stockholders aggregated $8,225,334 (2022-$12,010,548) and at December 31, 2023, the Company's accumulated deficit was $38,570,531 (2022-$30,345,197). We expect to incur further losses in the development of our business. We cannot assure you that we can achieve profitable operations in any future period.

Our independent registered public accounting firms' report contains an explanatory paragraph that expresses substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.

Although our consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern, our independent registered public accounting firm in their report accompanying our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, expressed substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern as of December 31, 2023 and as of December 31, 2022, as a result of our operating losses since inception, because the Company expects to incur further losses in the development of its business and the Company's ability to settle its current liabilities owing to service providers and creditors. The inclusion of a going concern explanatory paragraph may make it more difficult for us to secure additional financing or enter into strategic relationships on terms acceptable to us, if at all, and may materially and adversely affect the terms of any financing that we may obtain.

We have no intention of declaring dividends in the foreseeable future.

The decision to pay cash dividends on our common stock rests with our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, unencumbered cash, capital requirements and financial condition. We do not anticipate declaring any dividends in the foreseeable future, as we intend to use any excess cash to fund our operations. Investors in our common stock should not expect to receive dividend income on their investment in the foreseeable future.

We may issue preferred stock in the future, and the terms of the preferred stock may reduce the value of our common stock.

Under the certificate of incorporation of the Company, our Board of Directors are authorized to create and issue one or more additional series of preferred stock, and, with respect to each series, to determine number of shares constituting the series and the designations and the powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, which may include dividend rights, conversion or exchange rights, voting rights, redemption rights and terms and liquidation preferences, without stockholder approval. If we create and issue one or more additional series of preferred stock, it could affect your rights or reduce the value of our outstanding common stock. Our Board of Directors could, without stockholder approval, issue preferred stock with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our common stock and which could have certain anti-takeover effects.

Special Meetings of our Stockholders may only be called by our Board of Directors or our CEO and as such, our stockholders do not have the ability to call a meeting.

Under our bylaws only our Board of Directors or CEO may call a special meeting of shareholders and as such, your ability to participate and take certain corporate actions like amending the Company's certificate of incorporation or electing directors is limited.

We may be exposed to risks relating to evaluations of controls required by Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, our management will be required to report on, and our independent registered public accounting firm may in the future be required to attest to, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Although we prepare our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP"), our internal accounting controls may not meet all standards applicable to companies with publicly traded securities. If we fail to implement any required improvements to our disclosure controls and procedures, we may be obligated to report control deficiencies and our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to certify the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. In either case, we could become subject to regulatory sanction or investigation. Further, these outcomes could damage investor confidence in the accuracy and reliability of our financial statements.

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If our internal controls and accounting processes are insufficient, we may not detect in a timely manner misstatement that could occur in our financial statements in amounts that could be material.

As a public company, we will have to devote substantial efforts to the reporting obligations and internal controls required of a public company, which will result in substantial costs. A failure to properly meet these obligations could cause investors to lose confidence in us and have a negative impact on the market price of our shares. We expect to devote significant resources to the documentation, testing and continued improvement of our operational and financial systems for the foreseeable future. These improvements and efforts with respect to our accounting processes that we will need to continue to make may not be sufficient to ensure that we maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future. Any failure to implement required, new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations in the USA or result in misstatements in our financial statements in amounts that could be material. Insufficient internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our shares and may expose us to litigation risk.

As a public company, we will be required to document and test our internal control procedures to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley, which requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. During the course of our testing, we may identify deficiencies which we may not be able to remediate in time to meet our deadline for compliance with Section 404. We may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. If we are unable to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting, then investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our shares.

Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this Form 10-K may be "forward-looking statements." Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that express our intentions, beliefs, expectations, strategies, predictions or any other statements relating to our future activities or other future events or conditions. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our business based, in part, on assumptions made by management. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may, and are likely to, differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements due to numerous factors, including those described above and those risks discussed from time to time in this prospectus, including the risks described under "Risk Factors," and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in this prospectus and in other documents which we file with the SEC.

In addition, such statements could be affected by risks and uncertainties related to:

• our ability to raise funds for general corporate purposes and operations, including our clinical trials;

• our ability to recruit qualified management and technical personnel;

• our ability to complete successfully within our industry;

• fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

• our ability to maintain and enhance our technological capabilities and to respond effectively to technological changes in our industry; and

• our ability to protect our intellectual property, on which our business avoiding infringing the intellectual property rights of others;

Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and except as may be required under applicable securities laws, we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus.

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If we fail to implement our business strategy, our financial performance and our growth could be materially and adversely affected.

Our future financial performance and success are dependent in large part upon our ability to implement our business strategy successfully. Implementation of our strategy will require effective management of our operational, financial and human resources and will place significant demands on those resources.

See Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Overview for more information on our business strategy.

There are risks involved in pursuing our strategy, including the following:

• Our employees, customers or investors may not embrace and support our strategy.

• We may not be able to hire or retain the personnel necessary to manage our strategy effectively.

• We may be unsuccessful in implementing improvements to operational efficiency and such efforts may not yield the intended result.

• We may not be able to maintain cost savings achieved through restructuring efforts.

• Strategic decisions with respect to our asset portfolio may result in impairments to our assets.

• Our ability to make strategic acquisitions depends on our ability to identify desirable acquisition targets, negotiate advantageous transactions despite competition for such opportunities, fund such acquisitions on favorable terms, obtain regulatory approvals and realize the benefits we expect from those transactions.

• Acquisitions, investments and/or new service offerings may not increase our earnings in the timeframe anticipated, or at all, due to difficulties operating in new markets or providing new service offerings, failure of emerging technologies to perform as expected, failure to operate within budget, integration issues, or regulatory issues, among others.

• Integration of acquisitions and/or new services offerings could increase our exposure to the risk of inadvertent noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations.

• Liabilities associated with acquisitions, including ones that may exist only because of past operations of an acquired business, may prove to be more difficult or costly to address than anticipated.

• Execution of our strategy, particularly growth through acquisitions, may cause us to incur substantial additional indebtedness, which may divert capital away from our traditional business operations and other financial plans.

• We continue to seek to divest underperforming and non-strategic assets if we cannot improve their profitability. We may not be able to successfully negotiate the divestiture of underperforming and non-strategic operations, which could result in asset impairments or the continued operation of low-margin businesses.

In addition to the risks set forth above, implementation of our business strategy could also be affected by a number of factors beyond our control, such as increased competition, legal developments, government regulation, general economic conditions, increased operating costs or expenses and changes in industry trends. We may decide to alter or discontinue certain aspects of our business strategy at any time. If we are not able to implement our business strategy successfully, our long-term growth and profitability may be adversely affected. Even if we are able to implement some or all of the initiatives of our business strategy successfully, our operating results may not improve to the extent we anticipate, or at all.

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Compliance with existing or increased future regulations and/or enforcement of such regulations may restrict or change our operations, increase our operating costs or require us to make additional capital expenditures, and a decrease in regulation may lower barriers to entry for our competitors.

Stringent government regulations at the federal, state, provincial and local level in the U.S. and Canada have a substantial impact on our business, and compliance with such regulations is costly. A large number of complex laws, rules, orders and interpretations govern environmental protection, health, safety, land use, zoning, transportation and related matters. Among other things, governmental regulations and enforcement actions may restrict our operations and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows by imposing conditions such as:

• limitations on constructing a new waste transfer station, recycling or processing facilities or on expanding existing facilities;

• limitations, regulations or levies on collection and disposal prices, rates and volumes;

• limitations or bans on disposal or transportation of out-of-state waste or certain categories of waste;

• mandates regarding the management of solid waste, including requirements to recycle, divert or otherwise process certain waste, recycling and other streams; or

• limitations or restrictions on the recycling, processing or transformation of waste, recycling and other streams.

We also have a significant financial obligation relating to closure, post-closure and environmental remediation at our existing facility. This obligation will need to be supported by a letter of credit in favor of the MECP, which the Company has not been able to satisfy as at December 31, 2023 and as at the date of this filing. Environmental regulatory changes could accelerate or increase such costs, requiring our expenditure to materially exceed our current letter of credit.

Our operations are subject to environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, as well as contractual obligations that may result in significant liabilities.

There is a risk of incurring significant environmental liabilities in the acceptance, use and storage of waste materials. Under applicable environmental laws and regulations, we could be liable if our operations cause environmental damage to our property or to the property of other landowners, particularly as a result of the contamination of air, drinking water or soil. Under current law, we could also be held liable for damage caused by conditions that existed before we acquired our current facility. This risk is of particular concern as we execute our growth strategy, partially though acquisitions, because we may be unsuccessful in identifying and assessing potential liabilities during our due diligence investigations. Further, the counterparties in such transactions may be unable to perform their indemnification obligations owed to us. Additionally, we could be liable if we arrange for the transportation and acceptance at our facility of hazardous substances that cause environmental contamination, or if a predecessor owner made such arrangements and, under applicable law, we are treated as a successor to the prior owner. Any substantial liability for environmental damage could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The Company has recently experienced an outflow of leachate impacted water from its stormwater pond into the City of Belleville's roadside ditch. The Company is working with its environmental consultants and its Canadian legal counsel to assess the damage caused, remediate this occurrence and report regularly to the MECP.

On or around November 27, 2023 and March 6, 2024, the Company experienced an outflow of leachate impacted water from its stormwater pond into the City of Belleville's roadside ditch and has continued to periodically overflow. The Company is working with its environmental consultants and its Canadian legal counsel to assess the damage caused, remediate this occurrence and report regularly to the MECP.

As a result of an order issued by the Ministry of Labour, Immigration, Training and Skills Development, specifically relating to high ammonia levels in one of the Company's composting buildings, the Company ceased accepting waste after January 10, 2024, to address this and other compliance matters issued by the MECP. The Company also received orders from the MECP to address repairs, the clean-up of unusable waste on site, re-habilitating its stormwater management system and other matters. Management anticipates these matters will take several months to complete, will require significant investment, and are dependent on the Company securing funding. We believe that our operating property, vehicle and equipment had been adequately maintained but will require significant investment to carry out repairs and improvements as ordered by the MECP. This will also include replacement of certain equipment at the Company's Belleville waste processing and composting facility.

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In the ordinary course of our business, we may in the future become involved in legal and administrative proceedings relating to land use and environmental laws and regulations. These include proceedings in which:

• agencies of federal, state, provincial or local governments seek to impose liability on us under applicable statutes, sometimes involving civil or criminal penalties for violations, or to revoke or deny renewal of a permit we need; and

• local communities, citizen groups, landowners or governmental agencies oppose the issuance of a permit or approval we need, allege violations of the permits under which we operate or laws or regulations to which we are subject, or seek to impose liability on us for environmental damage.

We generally seek to work with the authorities or other persons involved in these proceedings to resolve any issues raised. If we are not successful, the adverse outcome of one or more of these proceedings could result in, among other things, material increases in our costs or liabilities as well as material charges for asset impairments.

General economic conditions can directly and adversely affect our revenues and our income from operations margins.

Our business is directly affected by changes in national and general economic factors that are outside of our control, including consumer confidence, interest rates and access to capital markets. A weak economy generally results in decreased consumer spending and decreases in the volume of waste generated, which decreases our revenues. In addition, we have a relatively high fixed-cost structure, which is difficult to quickly adjust to match shifting volume levels. Consumer uncertainty and the loss of consumer confidence may limit the number or number of services requested by customers. Economic conditions may also limit our ability to implement our pricing strategy. For example, many of our contracts have price adjustment provisions that are tied to an index such as the Consumer Price Index, and our costs may increase in excess of the increase, if any, in the Consumer Price Index.

Some of our customers may have suffered financial difficulties affecting their credit risk, which could negatively impact our operating results.

Many non-governmental customers have also suffered serious financial difficulties, including bankruptcy in some cases. Purchasers of our recycling commodities can be particularly vulnerable to financial difficulties in times of commodity price volatility. The inability of our customers to pay us in a timely manner or to pay increased rates, particularly significant accounts, could negatively affect our operating results.

We are increasingly dependent on technology in our operations and if our technology fails, our business could be adversely affected.

We may experience problems with the operation of our current information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, as well as the development and deployment of new information technology systems, which could adversely affect, or even temporarily disrupt, all or a portion of our operations until resolved. Inabilities and delays in implementing new systems can also affect our ability to realize projected or expected cost savings.

Additionally, any systems failures could impede our ability to timely collect and report financial results in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

A cybersecurity incident could negatively impact our business and our relationships with customers and expose us to litigation risk.

We use computers in substantially all aspects of our business operations. We also use mobile devices, social networking and other online activities to connect with our employees and our customers. Such uses give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our business involves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including customers' personal information, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about the Company and its business partners. Further, as the Company pursues its strategy to grow through potential acquisitions and to pursue new initiatives that improve our operations and cost structure, the Company is also expanding and improving its information technologies, resulting in a larger technological presence and corresponding exposure to cybersecurity risk. If we fail to assess and identify cybersecurity risks associated with acquisitions and new initiatives, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally, while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirely effective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with our information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage, violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential litigation and liability and competitive disadvantage.

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Our business is subject to operational and safety risks, including the risk of personal injury to employees and others.

The operation of an organic waste processing and composting facility involves risks such as truck accidents, equipment defects, malfunctions and failures.

Any of these risks could potentially result in injury or death of employees and others, a need to shut down or reduce operation of the facility, increased operating expense and exposure to liability for pollution and other environmental damage, and property damage or destruction.

While we seek to minimize our exposure to such risks through comprehensive training, compliance and response and recovery programs, as well as vehicle and equipment maintenance programs, if we were to incur substantial liabilities in excess of any applicable insurance, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. Any such incident could also tarnish our reputation and reduce the value of our brand. Additionally, a major operational failure, even if suffered by a competitor, may bring enhanced scrutiny and regulation of our industry, with a corresponding increase in operating expenses.

We have substantial financial assurance and insurance requirements and increases in the costs of obtaining adequate financial assurance, or the inadequacy of our insurance coverage, could negatively impact our liquidity and increase our liabilities.

The amount of insurance we are required to maintain for environmental liability is governed by statutory requirements. We believe that the cost for such insurance is high relative to the coverage it would provide and therefore, our coverages, wherever possible, are generally maintained at the minimum statutorily required levels. We face the risk of incurring additional costs for environmental damage if our insurance coverage is ultimately inadequate to cover that damage. The inability of our insurers to meet their commitments in a timely manner and the effect of significant claims or litigation against insurance companies may subject us to additional risks. To the extent our insurers are unable to meet their obligations, or our own obligations for claims are more than we estimated, there could be a material adverse effect to our financial results. As a result of the lack of funding we have not been able to provide complete insurance coverage for the current year.

Our capital requirements and our business strategy could increase our expenses, cause us to change our growth and development plans, or result in an inability to maintain our desired credit profile.

If economic conditions or other risks and uncertainties cause a significant reduction in our cash flows from operations, we may reduce or suspend capital expenditures, growth and acquisition activity and implementation of our business strategy. We may choose to incur indebtedness to pay for these activities, although our access to capital markets is not assured and we may not be able to incur indebtedness at a cost that is consistent with current borrowing rates. We also may need to incur indebtedness to refinance scheduled debt maturities, and it is possible that the cost of financing could increase significantly, thereby increasing our expenses and increasing our net losses. Further, our ability to execute our financial strategy and our ability to incur indebtedness is somewhat dependent upon our ability to maintain investment grade credit ratings on our senior debt. The credit rating process is contingent upon our credit profile, as well as a number of other factors, many of which are beyond our control, including methodologies established and interpreted by third-party rating agencies. If we were unable to maintain our investment grade credit ratings in the future, our interest expense would increase.

Additionally, as of December 31, 2023, we have $nil (C$nil) (2022-$7,285,747; C$9,868,274) of debt that is exposed to changes in market interest rates within the next 12 months. The Company has not been able to obtain a letter of credit for the new financial assurance with the MECP in the amount of $482,117 (C$637,637) and currently reduced to $110,759 (C$146,487), subject to the Company re-submitting its financial assurance re-evaluation. If interest rates increase, our interest expense would also increase, increasing our net losses and decreasing our cash flow.

As at December 31, 2023, and the date of this filing, the Company did not have any revolving credit facility to support cash flow requirements. As a result of defaults on our convertible promissory notes we could be required to immediately repay such debt which we may not be able to do. Additionally, any such default may cause a default under many of our other credit agreements and debt instruments. Without waivers from lenders party to those agreements, and/or the availability of other financing, either debt or equity, any such default would have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue to operate.

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The seasonal nature of our business and severe weather events may cause our results to fluctuate, and prior performance is not necessarily indicative of our future results.

Our operating revenues tend to be somewhat higher in the summer months, primarily due to the higher organic compost sales and higher leaf and yard waste volumes. The volumes of industrial and residential waste in certain regions where we operate also tend to increase during the summer months. Our second and third quarter revenues and results of operations typically reflect these seasonal trends.

Service disruptions caused by severe storms, extended periods of inclement weather or climate extremes resulting from climate change can significantly affect the operating results of the areas affected. While weather-related and other event driven special projects can boost revenues through additional work for a limited time, as a result of significant start-up costs and other factors, such revenue will generate earnings at comparatively higher margins.

For these and other reasons, operating results in any interim period are not necessarily indicative of operating results for an entire year, and operating results for any historical period are not necessarily indicative of operating results for a future period. Our stock price may be negatively or positively impacted by interim variations in our results.

We may experience adverse impacts on our reported results of our operations as a result of adopting new accounting standards or interpretations.

Our implementation of and compliance with changes in accounting rules, including new accounting rules and interpretations, could adversely affect our reported financial position or operating results or cause unanticipated fluctuations in our reported operating results in future periods.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2. Properties.

Our principal executive office is in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. We lease this property from an Ontario company controlled by the CEO of the Company, who is also executive chairman, president and a director. This lease expired on December 31, 2019. The Company is currently on a month-to-month lease. Prior to the business acquisition of May 2019, we leased the land on which our waste processing and composting facility is situated, near Belleville, Ontario, Canada. This property is now owned by one of the Company's wholly owned subsidiaries, 1684567 Ontario Inc., and the Company does not expend funds to satisfy this lease, as the Company is now both the landlord and the tenant.

We believe that our operating property, vehicle and equipment had been adequately maintained but will require significant investment to carry out repairs and improvements as ordered by the MECP. This will also include replacement of certain equipment at the Company's waste processing and composting facility.

For more information, see Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included within this report.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results, other than the following:

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The Company has a claim filed against it for unpaid legal fees, in the amount of $49,329 (C$65,241). The unpaid fees are included in accounts payable in the consolidated balance sheets.

On October 4, 2023, an action was launched by one of the October 2021 Investors, who claimed he was owed $1,300,000 plus accrued interest. The principal balance in the accounts and noted under convertible promissory notes, note 12(a) is $1,645,337, including accrued interest of $345,337, which is after conversions of $318,100 during 2022 and 2023. The Company has disclosed the fair value of this convertible promissory note as $2,404,558. The Company intends to repay the balance owed when it is financially able to do so.

On or around November 27, 2023 and March 6, 2024, the Company experienced an outflow of contaminated water from its stormwater pond into the City of Belleville's roadside ditch and has continued to periodically overflow. The Company is working with its environmental consultants and its Canadian legal counsel to assess the damage caused, remediate this occurrence and report regularly to the MECP.

As a result of an order issued by the Ministry of Labour, Immigration, Training and Skills Development, specifically relating to high ammonia levels in one of the Company's composting buildings, the Company ceased accepting waste after January 10, 2024, to address this and other compliance matters issued by the MECP. The Company also received orders from the MECP to address repairs, the clean-up of unusable waste on site, re-habilitating its stormwater management system and other matters. Management anticipates these matters will take several months to complete, will require significant investment, and are dependent on the Company securing funding. We believe that our operating property, vehicle and equipment had been adequately maintained but will require significant investment to carry out repairs and improvements as ordered by the MECP. This will also include replacement of certain equipment at the Company's Belleville waste processing and composting facility. The Company has recently experienced an outflow of contaminated water from its stormwater pond, which spilled over into the City of Belleville's roadside ditch. The Company is working with its environmental consultants and its Canadian legal counsel to assess the damage caused, remediate this occurrence and report regularly to the MECP.

The Company has a claim filed against it for unpaid Hydro Bills at the Company's wholly owned Belleville, Ontario facility in the amount of $378,278 (C$500,302). The unpaid bills are included in accounts payable in the consolidated balance sheets.

In addition, as of November 17, 2023 the Company received an amended claim against it in 2023 by Tradigital Marketing Group “Tradigital”), in the sum of US$219,834.17 in owed fees plus the difference in stock price, 300,000 common shares of the Company, plus attorney fees and expenses. The case went to arbitration on March 11, 2024 and the Company defended its position. On April 4, 2024, the International Centre for Dispute Resolution indicated that no additional evidence is to be submitted and the hearings are declared closed as of April 29, 2024.The tribunal will endeavor to render the final decision within the timeframe provided for in the rules. Management agrees that outstanding fees are only in the amount of US$30,000, which was agreed to by the parties in earlier communications and through various e-mail correspondence. In addition, the management has no issue with the outstanding common shares to be provided to the claim and totaling 300,000. Management believes that the additional claim amount of US$189,834.17 is without merit. On April 26, 2024, the arbitrator for this claim awarded Tradigital the sum of $118,170 which has been accrued by the Company and the remaining 250,000 were not required to be issued by the Company.

On April 1, 2024, the Company received notice of a complaint filed against it by the March 3, 2022 Investor, seeking damages of no less than $4,545,393. The Company has thirty calendar days to respond and on April 30, 2024, the Company was able to extend the time to respond with opposing counsel a further fifteen days. The Company has been unable to retain counsel to represent it in this matter. The full amount of the complaint net of the principal and interest included under this convertible promissory note, has been included in accrued liabilities.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

The Company has no reporting to provide relative to information concerning mine safety and other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity

Market Price of Common Stock

Our common stock is quoted on the OTCQB marketplace run by OTC Markets Group, Inc. under the symbol "SNRG". As of the date of this filing, the number of stockholders of record was ninety-eight (98). This does not include persons whose stock is in nominee or "street name" accounts through brokers.

Securities.

The information below was derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report and in previous annual reports, including those we filed with the SEC. This information should be read together with those Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto. These historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future.

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There were no declared dividends in 2023 and since incorporation. Future decisions to pay cash dividends are at the discretion of our Board of Directors. It is our intention to retain any future profits for use in the development and expansion of our business and for general corporate purposes.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued a total of 10,297,561 Common Stock for non-cash proceeds and 1,536,582 for cash proceeds, as follows:

• 500,000 common shares were issued for proceeds previously received.

• 3,100,000 common shares were issued to officers and 20,000 to an employee.

• 100,000 common shares were issued to a director.

• 2,911,852 common shares were issued on the conversion of related party debt and account payable to equity.

• 1,650,709 common shares were issued on the conversion of debt to equity.

• 2,015,000 common shares were issued for professional and other services.

• 1,536,582 common shares issued on private placement for proceeds of $380,971.

The securities above were offered and sold pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act since, among other things, the transactions did not involve a public offering.

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This section includes a discussion of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements that anticipate results based on management's plans that are subject to uncertainty. We discuss in more detail various factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations in Item 1A. Risk Factors. The following discussion should be read considering those disclosures and together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto.

Overview

Our Company's goals are targeted at serving our customers, our employees, the environment, the communities in which we work and our stockholders. Increasingly, customers want more of their waste materials recovered, while waste streams are becoming more complex, and our aim is to address the current needs, while anticipating the expanding and evolving needs of our customers.

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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022

    2023     2022  
Revenue $ 610,461   $ 720,055  
             
Cost of Sales            
Opening inventory   58,695     20,582  
Depreciation   383,418     452,402  
Direct wages and benefits   129,319     225,484  
Equipment rental, delivery, fuel and repairs and maintenance   1,467,501     459,917  
Utilities   115,331     45,575  
Outside contractors   14,761     26,216  
    2,169,025     1,230,176  
Less: closing inventory   -     (58,695 )
Total cost of sales   2,169,025     1,171,481  
             
Gross loss   (1,558,564 )   (451,426 )
             
Operating expenses            
Management compensation-stock- based compensation   230,400     240,450  
Management compensation-fees   466,830     461,520  
Professional fees   580,596    

900,458

  
Marketing   122,978    

991.383

  
Interest expense   830,797     799,716  
Office and administration   508,144     338,136  
Rent and occupancy   212,521     215,482  
Insurance   43,034     79,158  
Filing fees   42,490     80,926  
Amortization of financing costs   115,175     109,765  
Repairs and maintenance   22,771     (5,895 )
Director compensation   71,579     57,690  
Stock-based compensation   795,297     2,092,230  
Foreign exchange (income) loss   (325,364 )   971,641  
Total operating expenses  

3,717,248

     7,332,660  
             
Net Loss Before Other Loss   (5,275,812 )   (7,784,086 )
Other Expenses  

(2,949,522

)

   (4,298,550 )
Net Loss Before Income Taxes   (8,225,334 )   (12,082,636 )
Income Taxes Recovery   -     72,088  
Net Loss   (8,225,334 )   (12,010,548 )

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 

During the year, the Company generated $610,461 (2022-$720,055) of revenue from its organic composting facility and the garbage collection services, a decrease of $109,594 over the prior year. Most of the revenue from the organic composting facility relates to revenue from tipping fees charged for organic and other waste accepted at the facility and a lesser portion relating to the sale of organic compost processed at the facility. The Company also earned revenue from its garbage collection services of $nil (2022-$26,886), which it acquired effective May 24, 2019 on the purchase of 1684567. The Company ceased the garbage collection services in 2022 to focus on its waste processing and composting facility.

The reduction in revenue is primarily due to the drop in the sale of carbon credits, a drop of $70,750, from $131,020 in the year ending December 31, 2022 to $60,270 in the year ending December 31, 2023. The Company ceased providing garbage collection services in 2022.

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In the operation of the waste processing and composting facility, the Company processes the organic and other waste received and produces the end product, compost. The cost of producing the compost totaled $2,169,025 for the current year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $1,171,481 for the prior year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $997,544. The costs include equipment rental, delivery, fuel, repairs and maintenance, direct wages and benefits, depreciation, utilities and outside contractors. In addition, the Company estimated the inventory on hand at the end of the year for its organic compost to be $nil (2022-$58,695). These costs also include an estimate for the clean-up of certain waste as ordered by the MECP estimated to be $1,168,924. The increase in this estimate and the significant reduction in revenue significantly increased the gross loss during the year, compared to the prior year, an increase of $1,107,138.

Operating expenses decreased significantly by $3,615,412 from $7,332,660 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $3,717,248 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily the result of decreases in marketing expenses, stock-based compensation and the foreign exchange gain, explained in greater detail below.

During the year, the Company incurred management compensation expense in the form of fees $466,830 compared to $461,520 in the prior year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $5,310, primarily due to the increase in the CFO's compensation for the year ended December 31, 2023. The management compensation in the form of stock-based compensation totaled $230,400 (2021-$240,450) during the year-ended December 31, 2023 relating to the Common Stock issued to the CEO and the CFO who were issued 3,000,000 and 100,000, respectively, of which 1,500,000 and 100,000 respectively, were vested, pursuant to their consulting agreements.

Professional fees decreased by $319,862 from $900,458 in the year ended December 31, 2022 to $580,596 in the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to reduced estimated costs for the 2023 audit, reviews and tax related services along with the absence of the engagement of certain service providers in the current year. Previously, the Company had engaged the services of a chartered professional accounting firm in 2021 for services in both 2021 and 2022 to assist management with various documentation and reporting matters and the valuation of the convertible promissory notes both in 2021 and for two quarters in 2022 along with engaging the services of a corporate valuation services firm in 2022 to assist management in the valuation of the convertible promissory notes for Q3 and for the year-end. In addition, in the prior year the Company incurred additional professional fees in connection with its S-1/A registration statement.

Marketing expenses were reduced by $868,405 from $991,383 in the prior year to $122,978 in the current year primarily due to the absence of a new marketing plan.

During the year, the Company incurred interest expenses of $830,797, an increase of $31,081 over the prior year's amount of $799,716. The increase is primarily due to the interest on the new mortgages for the new property purchase in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada and a true up by the mortgagees who decided to charge the company based on the variable interest rate on their mortgages when in the past they continued to charge at 10% from inception. This was offset by a reduction of the interest on the PACE debt obligations when a full and final release was finalized on March 28, 2023 and settled on November 3, 2023.

Office and administration increased by $170,008 from $338,136 in the prior year to $508,144 in the current year. This was primarily due to penalties charged by the mortgages on the extensions and amendments to certain mortgages.

Rent and occupancy expenses remained stable with a small decrease of $2,961 from $215,482 in the prior year to $212,521 in the current year.

Insurance expenses were reduced by $36,124 from $79,158 in the prior year to $43,034 in the current year as the Company did not renew certain policies.

Filing fees decreased by $38,436 from $80,926 in the prior year to $42,490 in the current year, primarily due to the absence of investor relations activities.

During the year, the amortization of financing costs increased by $5,410 from $109,765 in the prior year to $115,175 in the current year due primarily to the amortization of an additional financing costs in connection with new mortgages on the Hamilton, Ontario, Canada property and financing costs incurred on the extension of the maturity date on the 1st mortgage on the Company's Belleville Ontario, Canada facility.

Repairs and maintenance increased by $28,666 from a credit of $5,895 in the prior year to $22,771 in the current year primarily due to the absence of a credit on roof repairs incurred in the prior year at the Company's Toronto, Ontario, Canada office.

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Director compensation increased by $13,889 from $57,690 in the prior year to $71,579 in the current year. The increase is due to the new independent director who joined the Board on February 18, 2023. Each independent director is entitled to a fee of $18,525 (C$25,000) annually. By December 31, 2023, the Company had four independent directors for whom the Company has accrued their annual fees. In addition, on March 1, 2023, the new independent director was awarded stock-based compensation consisting of 100,000 common shares of the Company, valued at $21,000, based on the trading price on the appointed date and included under stock-based compensation in the consolidted.es. This amount is disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Stock-based compensation expense was reduced by $1,296,933 from a balance of $2,092,230 in the prior year to $795,297 in the year because of the absence of consulting agreements in the current year.

The foreign exchange loss reduced by $1,297,005 from a loss of $971,641 in the prior year to income of $325,364 in the current year due primarily to gains incurred on the translation and settlement of significant expenses and balances denominated in United States dollars during the year, including the convertible promissory notes, during a period in which the Canada dollar strengthened.

During the year, the Company recorded a loss on the revaluation of convertible promissory notes of in the amount of $3,059,969 compared to a loss of $4,048,550 net of the gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes) in the prior year. During the year the Company experienced an increase in the principal amounts for certain convertible promissory notes due to an amendment and defaults along with the impact of default interest accruing at 24% per annum for these notes. In addition, during the current year, the Company recorded a loss of $74,359 on the conversions of a convertible promissory note. Further, the Company settled outstanding debt obligations with PACE and recorded a gain on forgiveness of these debts in the amount of $2,925,467. The Company also recorded a provision for a loss of a deposit for a future acquisition in the amount of $148,200, a provision for loss on a claim by Tradigital in the amount of $58,097 and a provision for loss on a lawsuit against the Company by the investor of the March 3, 2023 Investor Note in the amount of $2,534,364.

Also, in the prior year, the Company recorded an amount of $250,000 for the accrued settlement payment for the release of services of a party for an underwriting offering dated March 23, 2022 and amended May 23, 2022. Overall, the other expenses decreased by $1,349,028.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

Use of estimates

The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgements about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Areas involving significant estimates and assumptions include: the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, useful lives of long-lived and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets, valuation of asset acquisition, accruals, the fair value of convertible promissory notes, deferred income tax assets and related valuation allowance, environmental remediation costs, stock-based compensation and going concern. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically and as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the period in which they become available.

Stock-based compensation

The Company records compensation costs related to stock-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, whereby the Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Where necessary, the Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including: the expected option life, the risk-free rate, the dividend yield, the volatility of the Company's stock price and an assumption for employee forfeitures. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury bill rate at the date of the grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term of the option. The Company has not historically issued any dividends and does not expect to in the near future. Changes in any of these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates and the resulting stock- based compensation recognized. The Company has not issued any stock options and has no stock options outstanding at December 31, 2023.

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Indefinite Asset Impairments

The Company evaluates the intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or when triggering events are identified and whether events and circumstances continue to support the indefinite useful life using Level 3 inputs. As at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no indefinite assets on its consolidated balance sheets.

Long-Lived Asset Impairments

In accordance with ASC 360, "Property, Plant and Equipment", long-lived assets to be held and used are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment. If there are indications of impairment, the Company uses future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or asset grouping over the remaining life in measuring whether the carrying amounts are recoverable. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded asset values, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value.

At December 31, 2023, the Company tested the long-lived assets for impairment to determine whether the carrying value exceeded the fair value. The Company used quoted market values and independent appraisals of its long-lived assets and determined that no impairment loss was required to be recognized.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As at December 31, 2023, the Company had a cash balance of $1,263 (2022-$42,900) and current liabilities in the amount of $30,823,963 (2022-$22,339,175). As at December 31, 2023, the Company had a working capital deficit of $30,390,423 (2022-$21,580,552). The Company does not currently have sufficient funds to satisfy the current debt obligations. Should the Company's creditors seek or demand payment, the Company does not have the resources to pay for or satisfy any such claims currently. The Company has been in discussions with other creditors and equity investors for new financing options to repay or re-finance certain current debt obligations.

The Company's total assets at December 31, 2023 were $11,755,903 (2022-$9,865,775) and total current liabilities were $30,823,963 (2022-$22,339,175). Significant losses from operations have been incurred since inception and there is an accumulated deficit of $38,570,531 as of December 31, 2023 (2022-$30,345,197). Continuation as a going concern is dependent upon generating significant new revenue, raising external capital and refinancing certain current debt. whilst achieving profitable operations and maintaining current fixed expense levels.

To pay current debt obligations and to fund any future operations, the Company requires significant new funds, which the Company may not be able to obtain. In addition to the funds required to liquidate the $30,823,963 in current liabilities, the Company estimates that approximately $15,000,000 in additional funds must be raised to fund capital requirements and general corporate expenses for the next 12 months.

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risks, including changes in interest rates, certain commodity prices and Canadian currency rates. The Company does not use derivatives to manage these risks.

Interest Rate Exposure - Interest rate risk is the risk borne by an interest-bearing asset or liability as a result of fluctuations in interest rates. Financial assets and financial liabilities with variable interest rates expose the Company to cash flow interest rate risk.

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our financing activities. We have $nil (C$nil) (2022-$7,285,747; C$9,868,274) of debt that is exposed to changes in market interest rates within the next 12 months. We currently estimate that a 100-basis point increase in the interest rates of our outstanding variable-rate debt obligations would increase our 2022 interest expense by approximately $nil (2022-$72,900).

Our remaining outstanding debt obligations have fixed interest rates through the scheduled maturity of the debt. The fair value of our fixed-rate debt obligations would not be expected to increase or decrease significantly if market interest rates change.

Credit Risk Exposure - is the risk of loss associated with a counterparty's inability to perform its payment obligations. As at December 31, 2023, the Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to cash and trade receivables. As at December 31, 2023, the Company's cash was held with a Canadian chartered bank and a US bank.

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Commodity Price Exposure - In the normal course of our business, we are subject to operating agreements that expose us to market risks arising from changes in the prices for commodities such as diesel fuel, propane, and electricity. We attempt to manage these risks through operational strategies that focus on capturing our costs in the prices we charge our customers for the services provided. Accordingly, as the market prices for these commodities increase or decrease, our revenues may also increase or decrease.

Currency Rate Exposure - Our operations are currently in Ontario, Canada. Where significant, we have quantified and described the impact of foreign currency translation on components of income, including operating revenue and operating expenses. However, the impact of foreign currency has not materially affected the results of operations.

Summary of Cash and Debt Obligations

The following is a summary of our cash and debt balances as of December 31:

    2023     2022  
Cash $ 1,263   $ 42,900  
Debt:            
Current portion $

20,447,318

   $ 16,710,639  
Long-term portion   -     116,978  
Total debt $

20,447,318

   $ 16,827,617  

We use long-term borrowings in addition to the cash we are able to generate from operations as part of our overall financial strategy to support and grow our business. The components of our borrowings as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are described in notes 10, 11, 12 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements.

Changes in our outstanding debt balances from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023 were primarily attributable to (i) increase in net debt borrowings of $3,619,701 and (ii) the impacts of other non-cash changes in our debt balances due to foreign currency translation and the loss on the revaluation of convertible promissory notes.

Refer to Security Purchase Agreements, Financing Agreements with PACE and Other financings noted above for details.

Summary of Cash Flow Activity

The following is a summary of our cash flows for the years ended December 31:

    2023     2022  
Net cash used in operating activities (a) $

(1,465,765

 ) $ (1,207,557 )
Net cash used in investing activities (b) $ (2,340,430 ) $ (1,868,864 )
Net cash provided by financing activities (c) $ 3,740,808   $ 2,773,441  
 

 

(a)

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities - The most significant items affecting the comparison of our operating cash flows in 2023 as compared with 2022 are summarized below:

 

 

 
    Increase in Net Loss - Our loss from operations, excluding depreciation and amortization and other expenses decreased by $2,444,700 in 2023, principally driven by reduced revenue resulting in a higher gross loss, offset by lower marketing costs, professional fees, stock-based compensation and higher foreign exchange income (reduced foreign exchange loss).
     
    Changes in Assets and Liabilities -Our net cash used in operating activities was impacted by changes in assets and liabilities.
     
  (b) Net Cash Used in Investing Activities - The Company purchased long-lived assets in 2023 in the amount of $2,340,430 compared to $1,868,864 in 2022.
 
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  (c) Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities - The most significant items affecting the comparison of our financing cash flows for the periods presented are summarized below:
     
    Debt Borrowings - In the current year, the Company incurred net debt borrowings $3,619,701 an increase of $1,754,020 from the prior year and a decrease of $526,789 in private placement proceeds in 2023 from the prior year.

Refer to notes 10, 11, 12 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our various borrowings.

Summary of Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations of principal payments as of December 31, 2023 and the anticipated effect of these obligations on our liquidity in future years:

    2024     2025     2026     2027     2028     Thereafter     Total  
Contractual Obligations:                                          
                                           
Long-term debt and obligations under capital lease (a) $ 8,500,869   $ 1,512,275   $ -   $ -   $ -   $ -   $ 10,013,144  
Convertible promissory notes  

7,442,600

     -     -     -     -     -     7,442,600  
Management consulting agreements   453,660     -     -     -     -     -     453,660  
Truck and trailer financing (b)   39,987     13,774     -     -     -     -     53,761  
Various third-party consulting and other agreements   545,000     125,000     125,000     -     -     -     795,000  
Hamilton-construction in progress commitments   5,166,429     -     -     -     -     -     5,166,429  
Road maintenance obligation (c)   7,561     7,561     -     -     -     -     15,122  
Anticipated liquidity impact as of December 31, 2023 $

22,156,106

   $ 1,658,610   $ 125,000   $ -   $ -   $ -   $

23,939,716

  
 
(a) These amounts represent the scheduled principal payments related to the Company's long-term debt, obligations under capital lease, excluding interest.
   
  Refer to notes 10, 11 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on our long-term debt and our obligations under capital lease.
   
(b) Truck and trailer financing
   
(c) The road maintenance obligation is invoiced annually by the City of Belleville, Ontario, Canada in the amount of $7,561 (C$10,000) and expires September 30, 2025.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Going Concern

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP, which assumes that the Company will be able to meet its obligations and continue its operations for the next twelve months.

As at December 31, 2023, the Company had a working capital deficit of $30,390,423 (2021-$22,580,552), incurred a net loss of $8,225,334 (2022-$12,010,548) for the year and had an accumulated deficit of $38,570,531 (December 31, 2022-$30,345,197) and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business.

The Company incurred a net loss of $8,225,334 (2022-$12,010,548) for the year ended December 31, 2023 and as at that date had a working capital deficit of $30,390,423 (2022-$21,580,552) and an accumulated deficit of $38,570,531 (December 31, 2022-$30,345,197) and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business. On November 3, 2023, the funds previously held in escrow, which related to a full and final mutual release of all obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest, in the amount of $924,500 (C$1,250,000), were released to PACE (now Alterna) and Alterna released all security it held to the Company. Prior to this full and final mutual release the obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest were $3,930,207 (C$5,197,999). The Company was successful in extending the maturity date on one of its 1st mortgages, which had a maturity date of December 1, 2023, to June 1, 2024 and transferred another 1st mortgage, originally a vendor take-back mortgage with a maturity date of August 17, 2023 to new mortgages with a new maturity date of December 14, 2024. On January 10, 2024, the Company stopped receiving waste at its waste processing and composting operation in Belleville, Ontario Canada, to address several non-compliance matters addressed in orders from the MECP. On December 14, 2023, the Company announced an advisory and distribution agreement with Oak Hill, to raise funding for the Company to address its outstanding obligations to creditors and for general operational matters.  

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These factors cast substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, which is dependent upon its ability to obtain necessary financing to further the development of its business, satisfy its obligations to its creditors, and upon achieving profitable operations. There is no assurance of funding being available, or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as recorded on these consolidated financial statements.

These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the potential effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result if the Company was unable to continue as a going concern. Such adjustments could be material.

Recently Accounting Pronouncements

The following section provides a description of new accounting pronouncements ("Accounting Standard Update" or "ASU") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") that are applicable to the Company.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures ("ASU 2022-02"), which requires enhanced disclosure of certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty while eliminating certain current recognition and measurement accounting guidance. This ASU also requires the disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases. ASU No. 2022-02 became effective for the Company's annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2023. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2023. As a result, the adoption of ASU 2022-02 did not have any impact on the opening balances in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU-2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, and any other financial assets that have the contractual right to receive cash. The ASU requires an entity to recognize expected credit losses rather than incurred losses for financial assets. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within that fiscal year. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2023. As a result, the adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have any impact on the opening balances in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this item.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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SUSGLOBAL ENERGY CORP.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

CONTENTS

Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-M&K(PCAOB ID 2738) 34
Consolidated Balance Sheets 36
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss 37
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficiency 38
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 40
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 42
 
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of SusGlobal Energy Corp.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related consolidated notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company suffered a net loss from operations and used cash in operations, which raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans regarding those matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

As discussed in Note 12, the Company borrows funds using convertible notes payable that contain a conversion price that may be fixed or fluctuates with the stock price.

Auditing management's estimates of the fair value of the convertible debt involves significant judgements and estimates given the embedded conversion features of the notes.

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To evaluate the appropriateness of the fluctuation of the conversion price, the embedded conversion feature is subject to market adjustments as of each reporting period. Significant judgment is exercised by the Company in determining the fair value liability values for these convertible note agreements, including the use of a specialist engaged by management.

We evaluated management's conclusions regarding their derivative liability and reviewed support for the significant inputs used in the valuation model, as well as assessing the model for reasonableness.

/s/ M&K CPAS, PLLC

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2022.

The Woodlands, TX

May 15, 2024

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SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
As at December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

             
    2023     2022  
ASSETS            
Current Assets            
Cash $ 1,263   $ 42,900  
Trade receivables   55,579     69,193  
Government remittances receivable   41,330     6,983  
Inventory   -     58,695  
Prepaid expenses and deposits (note 7)   335,368     580,852  
Total Current Assets   433,540     758,623  
             
Long-lived Assets, net (note 8)   11,322,363     9,107,152  
Long-Term Assets   11,322,363     9,107,152  
Total Assets $ 11,755,903   $ 9,865,775  
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIENCY            
Current Liabilities            
Accounts payable (note 9) $ 3,960,270   $ 3,475,691  
Government remittances payable   473,691     371,587  
Accrued liabilities (notes 9, 10, 11, 12, and 14)   5,942,684     1,781,258  
Current portion of long-term debt (note 10)   9,371,941     8,816,931  
Current portion of obligations under capital lease (note 11)   66,037     57,275  
Convertible promissory notes (note 12)-in default   10,519,824     7,796,433  
Loans payable to related parties (note 14)   489,516     40,000  
Total Current Liabilities   30,823,963     22,339,175  
Long-term debt (note 10)   -     52,495  
Obligations under capital lease (note 11)   -     64,483  
Total Long-term Liabilities   -     116,978  
Total Liabilities   30,823,963     22,456,153  
             
Stockholders' Deficiency            

Preferred stock, $.0001 par value, 10,000,000 authorized, none issued and outstanding

   -     -  
Common stock, $.0001 par value, 150,000,000 authorized, 125,272,975 (2022- 113,438,832) shares issued and outstanding (note 15)   12,531     11,348  
Additional paid-in capital   19,539,606     17,152,018  
Shares to be issued   -     213,600  
Accumulated deficit   (38,570,531 )   (30,345,197 )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss   (49,666 )   377,853  
             
Stockholders' deficiency   (19,068,060 )   (12,590,378 )
             
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficiency $ 11,755,903   $ 9,865,775  
Going concern (note 2)            
Commitments (note 16)            
Subsequent events (note 23)            

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

36

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

    2023     2022  
             
Revenue $ 610,461   $ 720,055  
             
Cost of Sales            
Opening inventory   58,695     20,582  
Depreciation   383,418     452,402  
Direct wages and benefits   129,319     225,484  
Equipment rental, delivery, fuel and repairs and maintenance   1,467,501     459,917  
Utilities   115,331     45,575  
Outside contractors   14,761     26,216  
    2,169,025     1,230,176  
Less: closing inventory   -     (58,695 )
Total cost of sales   2,169,025     1,171,481  
             
Gross loss   (1,558,564 )   (451,426 )
             
Operating expenses            
Management compensation-stock- based compensation (notes 9 and 15)   230,400     240,450  
Management compensation-fees (note 9)   466,830     461,520  
Professional fees   580,596     900,458  
Marketing   122,978     991,383  
Interest expense (notes 9, 10, 11, 12 and 14)   830,797     799,716  
Office and administration   508,144     338,136  
Rent and occupancy (note 10)   212,521     215,482  
Insurance   43,034     79,158  
Filing fees   42,490     80,926  
Amortization of financing costs   115,175     109,765  
Repairs and maintenance   22,771     (5,895 )
Director compensation (notes 9 and 15)   71,579     57,690  
Stock-based compensation (noted 10 and 15)   795,297     2,092,230  
Foreign exchange (income) loss   (325,364 )   971,641  
Total operating expenses   3,717,248     7,332,660  
             
Net Loss Before Other Loss   (5,275,812 )   (7,784,086 )
Other Income (Expenses) (note 17)   (2,949,522

)

   (4,298,550 )
Net Loss Before Income Taxes   (8,225,334 )   (12,082,636 )
Income Taxes Recovery (note 18)   -     72,088  
Net Loss   (8,225,334 )   (12,010,548 )
Other comprehensive loss            
Foreign exchange (loss) income   (427,519 )   713,813  
             
Comprehensive loss $ (8,652,853 ) $ (11,296,735 )
             
Net loss per share-basic and diluted $ (0.07 ) $ (0.12 )
             
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding- basic and diluted   121,529,659     102,746,746  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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37

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficiency
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

                                  Accumulated        
                Additional     Shares           Other        
    Number     Common     Paid-     to be     Accumulated     Comprehensive        
    of Shares     Shares     in Capital     Issued     Deficit     Loss     Total  
Balance - December 31, 2021   92,983,547   $ 9,302   $ 11,272,599   $ 59,640   $ (18,334,649 ) $ (335,960 ) $ (7,329,068 )
Shares issued for proceeds previously received   230,000     23     48,967     (48,990 )   -     -     -  
Share issued to officers   1,050,000     105     240,345     -     -     -     240,450  
Shares issued to employee   10,000     1     1,989     -     -     -     1,990  
Share issued on conversion of debt to equity   2,372,090     237     579,010     -     -     -     579,247  
Share issued on issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt   4,125,211     413     1,652,302           -     -     1,652,715  
Shares issued on extension of maturity dates on debt   1,616,667     162     230,905     -     -     -     231,067  
Shares issued on conversion of related party debt to equity   193,778     19     33,117     -     -     -     33,136  
Shares issued on private placement   4,444,041     444     907,316     -     -     -     907,760  
Shares issued for professional services   6,655,000     666     2,185,444     -     -     -     2,186,110  
Shares returned to treasury   (241,502 )   (24 )   24           -     -     -  
Shares yet to be issued   -           -     202,950     -     -     202,950  
Other comprehensive loss   -     -     -     -     -     713,813     713,813  
Net loss   -     -     -     -     (12,010,548 )   -     (12,010,548 )
Balance-December 31, 2022   113,438,832   $ 11,348   $ 17,152,018   $ 213,600   $ (30,345,197 ) $ 377,853   $ (12,590,378 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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38

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficiency
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

                                  Accumulated        
                Additional     Shares           Other        
    Number     Common     Paid-     to be     Accumulated     Comprehensive        
    of Shares     Shares     in Capital     Issued     Deficit     Loss     Total  
Balance-December 31, 2022   113,438,832   $ 11,348   $ 17,152,018   $ 213,600   $ (30,345,197 ) $ 377,853   $ (12,590,378 )
Shares issued for proceeds previously received   500,000     50     153,450     (153,500 )   -     -     -  

Cancellation of shares to be issued

  

-

    

-

     -

 

  

(60,100

 )  

-

    

-

    

(60,100

)
Share issued to officers   3,100,000     310     446,090     -     -     -     446,400  
Shares issued to employee   20,000     2     2,878     -     -     -     2,880  
Shares issued to director   100,000     10     20,990     -     -     -     21,000  
Shares issued on conversion of related party debt   2,911,852     291     578,710     -     -     -     579,001  
Shares issued on private placement   1,536,582     153     380,818     -     -     -     380,971  
Shares issued on conversion of debt   1,650,709     165     373,835     -     -     -     374,000  
Shares issued for professional services   1,790,000     179     396,716     -     -     -     396,895  
Shares issued for other services   225,000     23     34,101     -     -     -     34,124  
Other comprehensive loss   -     -     -     -     -     (427,519 )   (427,519 )
Net loss   -     -     -     -     (8,225,334 )   -     (8,225,334 )
Balance-December 31, 2023   125,272,975   $ 12,531   $ 19,539,606   $ -   $ (38,570,531 ) $ 49,666   $ (19,068,060 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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39

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
(unaudited)

    2023     2022  
Cash flows from operating activities            
Net loss $ (8,225,334 ) $ (12,010,548 )
Deferred taxes recovery   -     (72,088 )
Adjustments for:            
Depreciation   384,642     453,672  

Provision for losses

   2,740,661     -  
Amortization of financing fees   115,175     109,765  
Stock-based compensation   901,299     2,332,680  
Loss on conversion of convertible promissory notes   74,359     -  
Gain on extinguishment of long-term debt   (2,925,467 )   -  
Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes   3,059,969     8,323,370  
Gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes   -     (4,274,820 )
Non-cash additions to convertible promissory notes on amendments   -     535,142  
Changes in non-cash working capital:            
Trade receivables   14,976     (13,905 )
Government remittances receivable   (33,496 )   5,659  
Inventory   58,695     (41,081 )
Prepaid expenses and deposits   (253,266 )   (186,876 )
Accounts payable   694,441     2,562,889  
Government remittances payable   91,285     131,604  
Accrued liabilities   1,836,296     936,980  
Net cash used in operating activities   (1,465,765 )   (1,207,557 )
Cash flows from investing activities            
Purchase of long-lived assets   (2,340,430 )   (1,868,864 )
Net cash used in investing activities   (2,340,430 )   (1,868,864 )
Cash flows from financing activities            
Advance of long-term debt (net of financing fees)   3,666,155     -  
Repayment of long-term debt   (963,549 )   (70,328 )
Repayments of obligations under capital lease   (57,484 )   (88,786 )
Advances of convertible promissory notes   -     2,080,000  
Repayment of convertible promissory notes   -     (96,880 )

Advances of loans payable to related parties (net of financing fees)

   819,629     131,668  
Repayments of loans payable to related parties   (104,914 )   (89,993 )
Subscription payable proceeds (net of share issue costs)   380,971     907,760  
Net cash provided by financing activities   3,740,808     2,773,441  
Effect of exchange rate on cash   23,750     309,847  
(Decrease) increase in cash   (41,637 )   6,867  
Cash and cash equivalents-beginning of period   42,900     36,033  
Cash and cash equivalents end of period $ 1,263   $ 42,900  
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
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40

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
(unaudited)

 
    2023     2022  
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosure:            
Interest paid $ 654,754   $ 798,072  
Supplementary Non-Cash Disclosure:            
Common stock issued at fair value for conversion of debt, plus accrued interest, and other fees $ 374,000   $ 579,247  
Common stock issued at fair value on extinguishment of existing debt $ -   $ 1,652,715  
Common stock yet to be issued $ -   $ 213,600  
Common stock issued at fair value for conversion of related party debt and accounts payable $ 579,001   $ 33,136  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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41
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

1. Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

SusGlobal Energy Corp. ("SusGlobal") was formed by articles of amalgamation on December 3, 2014, in the Province of Ontario, Canada and its executive office is in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. SusGlobal, a company in the start-up stages and Commandcredit Corp. ("Commandcredit"), an inactive Canadian public company, amalgamated to continue business under the name of SusGlobal Energy Corp.

On May 23, 2017, SusGlobal filed an Application for Authorization to continue in another Jurisdiction with the Ministry of Government Services in Ontario and a certificate of corporate domestication and certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware under which it changed its jurisdiction of incorporation from Ontario to the State of Delaware (the "Domestication"). In connection with the Domestication each of the currently issued and outstanding common shares were automatically converted on a one-for-one basis into common shares compliant with the laws of the state of Delaware (the "Shares"). As a result of the Domestication, pursuant to Section 388 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL"), SusGlobal continued its existence under the DGCL as a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware. The business, assets and liabilities of SusGlobal and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, as well as its principal location and fiscal year, were the same immediately after the Domestication as they were immediately prior to the Domestication. SusGlobal filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4 to register the Shares and this registration statement was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 12, 2017.

On December 11, 2018, the Company began trading on the OTCQB venture market exchange, under the ticker symbol SNRG.

SusGlobal is a renewables company focused on acquiring, developing and monetizing a global portfolio of proprietary technologies in the waste to energy and regenerative products application.

These consolidated financial statements of SusGlobal and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp. ("SGECC"), SusGlobal Energy Canada I Ltd. ("SGECIL"), SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd. ("SGEBL"), SusGlobal Energy Hamilton Ltd. ("SGEHL") and 1684567 Ontario Inc. ("1684567") (together, the "Company"), have been prepared following generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("US GAAP") for annual financial information and the Securities Exchange Commission ("SEC") instructions to Form 10-K and Article 8 of SEC Regulation S-X, and are expressed in United States Dollars.

 

2. Going Concern

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP, which assumes that the Company will be able to meet its obligations and continue its operations for the next twelve months.

The Company incurred a net loss of $8,225,334 (2022-$12,010,548) for the year ended December 31, 2023 and as at that date had a working capital deficit of $30,390,423 (December 31, 2022-$21,580,552) and an accumulated deficit of $38,570,531 (December 31, 2022-$30,345,197) and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business.

On November 3, 2023, the funds previously held in escrow, which related to a full and final mutual release of all obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest, in the amount of $924,500 (C$1,250,000), were released to PACE (now Alterna) and Alterna released all security it held to the Company. Prior to this full and final mutual release the obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest were $3,930,207 (C$5,197,999). The Company was successful in extending the maturity date on one of its 1 st mortgages, which had a maturity date of December 1, 2023, to June 1, 2024 and transferred another 1st mortgage, originally a vendor take-back mortgage with a maturity date of August 17, 2023 to new mortgages with a new maturity date of December 14, 2024. On January 10, 2024, the Company stopped receiving waste at its waste processing and composting operation in Belleville, Ontario Canada, to address several non-compliance matters addressed in orders from the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (the "MECP"). On December 14, 2023, the Company announced an advisory and distribution agreement with Oak Hill, to raise funding for the Company to address its outstanding obligations to creditors and for general operational matters.

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42

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

2. Going Concern, (continued)

These factors cast substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, which is dependent upon its ability to obtain the necessary financing to further the development of its business, satisfy its obligations to its creditors, and upon achieving profitable operations through revenue growth. There is no assurance of funding being available or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as shown.

These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result if the Company was unable to continue as a going concern.

 

3. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The following section provides a description of new accounting pronouncements ("Accounting Standard Update" or "ASU") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") that are applicable to the Company.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures ("ASU 2022-02"), which requires enhanced disclosure of certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty while eliminating certain current recognition and measurement accounting guidance. This ASU also requires the disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases. ASU No. 2022-02 became effective for the Company's annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2023. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2023. As a result, the adoption of ASU 2022-02 did not have any impact on the opening balances in the consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU-2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, and any other financial assets that have the contractual right to receive cash. The ASU requires an entity to recognize expected credit losses rather than incurred losses for financial assets. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within that fiscal year. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2023. As a result, the adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have any impact on the opening balances in the consolidated financial statements.

There were no new accounting pronouncements issued and not yet adopted that were expected to have a material impact on the Company's interim condensed consolidated financial position or results of operations in the current or future periods.

 

4. Significant Accounting Policies

a)     Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SusGlobal and its wholly owned subsidiaries, SGECC, incorporated on December 14, 2015, SGECIL, incorporated on December 15, 2015, SGEBL, incorporated on July 27, 2017, SGEHL, incorporated on August 10, 2021 and 1684567, acquired effective May 24, 2019. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

b)    Business combinations

The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-01, which clarifies the definition of a business, with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.

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43

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

4. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)

A business combination is a transaction or other event in which control over one or more businesses is obtained. A business in an integrated set of activities and assets that is capable of being conducted and managed for the purpose of providing a return in the form of dividends, lower costs or other economic benefits. A business consists of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that have the ability to create outputs that provide a return to the Company and its shareholders. A business need not include all the inputs and processes that were used by the acquiree to produce outputs if the business can be integrated with the inputs and processes of the Company to continue to produce outputs. The Company considers several factors to determine whether the set of activities and assets is a business.

Business acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method whereby acquired assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value as at the date of acquisition with the excess of the purchase consideration over such value being recorded as goodwill and allocated to reporting units ("RUs"). If the fair value of the net assets acquired exceeds the purchase consideration, the difference is recognized immediately as a gain in the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition-related costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred, except for the cost of debt or equity instruments issued in relation to the acquisition which is included in the carrying amount of the related instrument.

Certain fair values may be estimated at the acquisition date pending confirmation or completion of the valuation process. Where provisional values are used in accounting for a business combination, they are adjusted retrospectively in subsequent periods. However, the measurement period will not exceed one year from the acquisition date. If the assets acquired are not a business, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The Company's recent acquisition, as described under note 9, Long-lived Assets, was accounted for as an asset acquisition whereby the total acquisition price is allocated on assets acquired based on relative fair values and acquisition related costs are considered a part of the acquisition price.

c)     Use of estimates

The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgements about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Areas involving significant estimates and assumptions include: the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, useful lives of long-lived and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets, valuation of asset acquisition, accruals, fair value of convertible promissory notes, deferred income tax assets and related valuation allowance, environmental remediation costs, stock-based compensation and going concern. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically and as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the period in which they become available.

d)      Cash

Cash consists of deposits held in financial institutions.

e)      Trade receivables

Trade receivables, which are recorded when billed and when services are performed, are claims against third parties that will be settled in cash. The carrying value of trade receivables, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, represents the estimated realizable value. An estimate of allowance for doubtful accounts is based on historical trends; type of customer, such as commercial or municipal; the age of outstanding trade receivables; and existing economic conditions. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that specific trade receivable balances may be impaired, further consideration is given to the collectability of those balances and the allowance is adjusted accordingly. Past-due trade receivable balances are written off when internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful.

 

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44

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

4. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)

(f)      Fair value of financial instruments

The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures", which determines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:

 

a.

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

b.

Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

 

c.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments, such as cash, trade receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amount of the advance, long-term term debt, obligations under capital lease, mortgages payable and loans payable to related parties also approximates fair value due to their market interest rate.

In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible, and also considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value. The Company had no financial assets or liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as at December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022 except for the convertible promissory notes for which the Company elected the fair value option. The convertible promissory notes for which the fair value option has been elected are carried at fair value based on Level 3 inputs (see note 13).

 

g)      Inventory

Inventory, which consists of screened organic compost, is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is represented by production cost, which includes equipment rental, delivery, fuel and repairs and maintenance, direct wages and benefits, outside contractors, utilities and manufacturing overhead. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed on a weekly basis and typically there is no need to record provisions for excess or obsolete inventory as the inventory has a long shelf life. The inventory is stored outdoors and accumulated in piles.

 

h)      Intangible assets

Intangible assets included a technology license, which was stated at cost less accumulated amortization and was amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life which was the contract term of five years plus the renewal option of five years and customer lists, which were stated at cost less accumulated amortization and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the customer contracts, which ranged between forty-five and sixty-six months. Intangible assets also included environmental compliance approvals and trademarks, which were stated at cost, had indefinite useful lives and were not amortized until their useful lives were determined to be no longer indefinite. The Company evaluates the intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or when triggering events are identified and whether events and circumstances continue to support the indefinite useful life.

 

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45

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

4. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)

i)      Goodwill

Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets of the acquired business. Goodwill is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the acquired business less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Management assesses goodwill impairment annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired by comparing its carrying value to the fair value of the acquired business.

 

j)      Long-lived assets

Long-lived assets are stated at cost. Equipment awaiting installation on site is not depreciated until it is commissioned. Depreciation is based on the estimated useful life of the asset and depreciated annually on a straight-line basis at the following annual rates:

Category Rate
Computer equipment 30%
Computer software 50%
Officer trailer and vacuum trailer 30%
Signage 20%
Machinery and equipment, including under capital lease 30%
Automotive equipment 30%
Composting buildings 6%
Gore cover system 10%
Driveway and paving 8%

 

k)      Impairment of long-lived assets

In accordance with ASC 360, "Property, Plant and Equipment", long-lived assets to be held and used are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment. If there are indications of impairment, the Company uses future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or asset grouping over the remaining life in measuring whether the carrying amounts are recoverable. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded asset values, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value. On December 31, 2023, the Company tested the long-lived assets for impairment to determine whether the carrying value exceeded the fair value. The Company used quoted market values and independent appraisals of its long-lived assets and determined that no impairment loss was required to be recognized.

 

l)      Debt issuance costs

Debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability. Debt issuance costs related to convertible promissory notes which are valued at fair value are expensed once incurred.

 

m)      Environmental remediation costs

The Company accrues for costs associated with environmental remediation and clean-up obligations when such costs are probable and reasonably estimable. Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change.

 

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46

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

4. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)

n)      Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC 740, "Income Taxes." Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for differences between the accounting and tax basis of the assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is recorded for the amount of income tax payable or receivable for the period increased or decreased by the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period.

 

o)      Revenue recognition

The Company's revenues are from the tipping fees charged for waste delivery to the Company's organic composting facility and from the sale of organic compost. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation when transferring control over a product or service to a customer. The tipping fees charged for services are generally defined in service agreements or arrangements and vary based on contract-specific terms such as frequency of service, type of waste, weight, volume and the general market factors influencing a region's rates. The Company also generated revenue from fees charged for garbage collection services and landfill management services, based on agreements with customers. Revenue is recognized as waste is accepted and collection is reasonably assured for the tipping fees charged and monthly for the other services and collection is assured. The waste collected is processed, cured and screened before being sold as organic compost. The cost of these processes is accrued at the time of revenue recognition. Further, the Company recognizes revenue from the sale of carbon credits which are marketed by an independent party.

 

p)      Loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive securities outstanding for each year. The computation of diluted loss per share has not been presented as its effect would be anti-dilutive.

 

q)      Convertible promissory notes

The Company had elected the fair value option to account for its convertible promissory notes issued during 2021 and subsequently. In accordance with ASC 825, the convertible promissory notes are marked-to-market at each reporting date with changes in fair value recorded as a component of other expenses, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company has elected to include interest expense in the changes in fair value. Transaction costs are incurred as expensed. The Company did not elect the fair value option for the convertible promissory notes issued in 2019. The notes were measured at amortized cost.

 

r)      Stock-based compensation

The Company records compensation costs related to stock-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, whereby the Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Where necessary, the Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including: the expected option life, the risk-free rate, the dividend yield, the volatility of the Company's stock price and an assumption for employee forfeitures. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury bill rate at the date of the grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term of the option. The Company has not historically issued any dividends and does not expect to in the near future. Changes in any of these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates and the resulting stock- based compensation recognized. The Company has not issued any stock options and has no stock options outstanding at December 31, 2023.

 

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47

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

4. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)

s)      Comprehensive Loss

The Company accounts for comprehensive loss in accordance with ASC 220, "Comprehensive Income," which establishes standards for reporting and presentation of comprehensive loss and its components. Comprehensive loss is presented in the consolidated statements of stockholders' deficiency and consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments.

 

t)      Foreign currency translation

The functional currency of the Company is the Canadian dollar (the "C$") and its presentation or reporting currency is the United States dollar ("$"). Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the historical rate on the date of the transaction. All exchange gains or losses arising from translation of these foreign currency transactions are included in net income (loss) for the year. In translating the financial statements of the Company's Canadian subsidiaries from their functional currency into the Company's reporting currency of $, balance sheet accounts are translated using the closing exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and income and expense accounts are translated using an average exchange rate prevailing during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation, if any, are included in cumulative other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' deficiency. The Company has not, to the date of these consolidated financial statements, entered into derivative instruments to offset the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.

 

5. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date or possibly early adopted, where permitted.

There are no new accounting pronouncements issued that were expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations in the current or future periods.

 

6. Financial Instruments

Interest, Credit and Concentration Risk

Interest rate risk is the risk borne by an interest-bearing asset or liability as a result of fluctuations in interest rates. Financial assets and financial liabilities with variable interest rates expose the Company to cash flow interest rate risk. The Company is exposed to significant interest rate risk on the current portion of its long-term debt of $nil (C$nil) (2022-$7,285,747; C$9,868,274).

Credit risk is the risk of loss associated with a counterparty's inability to perform its payment obligations. As at December 31, 2023, the Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to cash and trade receivables. As at December 31, 2023, the Company's cash was held with a Canadian chartered bank and a United States of America bank.

With regards to credit risk with customers, the customers' credit evaluation is reviewed by management and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize the risk of loss. The Company believes that no additional credit risk beyond the amounts provided for by the allowance for doubtful accounts is inherent in accounts receivable. As at December 31, 2023 and 2022, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $nil (C$nil).

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48

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

6. Financial Instruments, (continued)

As at December 31, 2023, the Company is exposed to concentration risk as it had three customers (2022-four customers) representing greater than 5% of total trade receivables and three customers (December 31, 2022-four customers) represented 97% (December 31, 2022 - 90%) of trade receivables. The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company's total revenue. These customers accounted for 94% (39%, 31%, 14% and 10%) (2022-87%; 36%, 19% 18% and 14%) of total revenue.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will be unable to meet its obligations as they fall due. The Company takes steps to ensure it has sufficient working capital and available sources of financing to meet future cash requirements for capital programs and operations. Management is considering all its options to refinance its obligations and repay creditors. Refer also to going concern, note 2 and subsequent events note 23.

The Company actively monitors its liquidity to ensure that its cash flows and working capital are adequate to support its financial obligations and the Company's capital programs. To continue operations, the Company will need to raise capital, repay all of its outstanding obligations and complete the refinancing of its real property and organic waste processing and composting facility. There is no assurance of funding being available or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as shown. Refer also to going concern, note 2 and subsequent events note 23.

Currency Risk

Although the Company's functional currency is the C$, the Company realizes a portion of its expenses in United States Dollars ("$"). Consequently, certain assets and liabilities are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. As at December 31, 2023, $3,168,407 (2022-$80,843) of the Company's net monetary liabilities were denominated in $. The Company has not entered into any hedging transactions to reduce the exposure to currency risk.

 

7. Prepaid Expenses and Deposits

Included in prepaid expenses and deposits are costs, primarily for professional services to be expensed as stock-based compensation after December 31, 2023, in the amount of $216,000 (December 31, 2022-$374,531). The professional services disclosed under stock-based compensation related to general corporate consulting, marketing, branding and commercialization to market, and general investor relations services. The common shares issued for professional services are also noted under capital stock, note 15. The balance consists of costs and deposits for services expiring or relating to periods after December 31, 2023, including insurance, rent and professional services retainers.

 

8. Long-lived Assets, net

          2023           2022  
    Cost     Accumulated     Net book value     Net book value  
          depreciation              
Land $ 5,628,345   $ -   $ 5,628,345   $ 3,163,941  
Property under construction   3,634,204     -     3,634,204     3,548,648  
Composting buildings   2,292,585     857,461     1,435,124     1,535,656  
Gore cover system   1,064,606     644,361     420,245     514,306  
Driveway and paving   350,452     176,394     174,058     197,336  
Machinery and equipment   109,682     109,682     -     28,036  
Equipment under capital lease   294,614     294,614     -     39,574  
Signage   6,249     4,993     1,256     2,447  
Automotive equipment   166,462     137,331     29,131     77,208  
  $ 13,547,199   $ 2,224,836   $ 11,322,363   $ 9,107,152  

 

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49

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

8. Long-lived Assets, net, (continued)

On November 2, 2023, the Company completed the purchase of additional land, consisting of a 2.03-acre site in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada for $2,292,760 (C$3,100,000). Prior to completing the purchase, the Company paid deposits of $229,276 (C$310,000) to the vendor. The balance of the purchase price was satisfied with a $1,479,200 (C$2,000,000) vendor take-back mortgage bearing interest at 7% annually, maturing in two years and the balance in cash financed by a second mortgage on the additional land bearing interest at 13% annually, maturing in one year and is secured by a third mortgage on the property in Belleville, Ontario, Canada.

Included under property under construction, are construction costs incurred on the first property in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in the amount of $2,126,801 (C$2,812,857).

During the year ended December 31, 2023, depreciation is disclosed in cost of sales in the amount of $383,418 (C$517,433) (2022-$452,402; C$588,146) and in office and administration in the amount of $1,224 (C$1,653) (2022-$1,270; C$1,652) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

 

9. Related Party Transactions

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred $355,680 (C$480,000) (2022-$369,216; C$480,000) respectively, in management fees expense with Travellers International Inc. ("Travellers"), an Ontario company controlled by a director and the president and chief executive officer (the "CEO"); and $111,150 (C$150,000) (2022-$92,304; C$120,000) in management fees expense with the Company's chief financial officer (the "CFO"). As at December 31, 2023, unpaid remuneration and unpaid expenses in the amount of $171,733 (C$227,130) (December 31, 2022-$161,790; C$219,138) is included in accounts payable and $138,963 (C$183,789) (2022-$22,705; C$30,753) in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred interest expense of $nil C$nil (2022-$518; C$674) on the outstanding loan from the CFO.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred $103,496 (C$139,670) (2022-$107,216; C$139,386) in rent expense paid under a lease agreement, currently under a month-to-month lease with Haute Inc. ("Haute"), an Ontario company controlled by the CEO. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2023, a director's company, Travellers, converted a total of $278,845 (C$372,483) (2022-$nil; C$nil) of loans provided during the year and $300,156 (C$406,800) (2022-$33,371; C$45,200) of accounts payable owing to Travellers for 2,911,852 (2022-193,778) common shares.

For those independent directors providing their services throughout 2023, the Company recorded directors' compensation in the amount of $71,579 (C$96,597) (2022-$57,690; $75,000). As of December 31, 2023, outstanding directors' compensation of $197,186 (C$260,793) (2022-$121,226; C$164,196) is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, during the year, the new independent director was awarded stock-based compensation consisting of 100,000 common shares of the Company, valued at $21,000 based on the trading price on his appointment. In the prior year, one of the independent directors was awarded stock-based compensation consisting of 750,000 common shares of the Company, valued at $105,750, based on the trading price on commencement of the consulting agreement, for services provided in developing certain contacts to further the Company's business opportunities. This amount is disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Furthermore, for the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized management stock-based compensation expense of $230,400 (2022-$240,450), on the common stock issued to the CEO and the CFO, 3,000,000 (2022-1,000,000) and 100,000 (2022-50,000) common stock respectively, on their executive consulting agreements and $2,880 (2022-$1,990) on 20,000 (2022-10,000) common stock issued to an employee.

 

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50

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

10. Long-Term Debt

      2023     2022  
  PACE Credit Facility-Due September 2, 2022 $ -   $ 695,974  
  PACE Credit Facility-Due September 2, 2022   -     389,188  
  PACE Corporate Term Loan-Due September 13, 2022   -     2,361,424  
(a)i.) Mortgage Payable-Due June 1, 2024   4,213,705     3,782,751  
(a)ii) Mortgage Payable-Due March 1, 2024   1,126,692     -  
(a)iii) Mortgage Payable-Due November 2, 2025   1,512,200     -  
(a)iv) Mortgage Payable-Due November 2, 2024   773,465     -  
(a)v) Mortgage Payable-Due December 14, 2024   1,616,508     -  
(a)vi.) Mortgage Payable-Due August 17, 2023   -     1,476,600  
(b) Canada Emergency Business Account-Due December 31, 2023   75,610     73,830  
(c) Corporate Term Loan-Due April 7, 2025   53,761     89,659  
      9,371,941     8,869,426  
Current portion   (9,371,941 )   (8,816,931 )
Long-Term portion $ -   $ 52,495  

On November 3, 2023, the funds previously held in escrow, which related to a full and final mutual release of all obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest, in the amount of $924,500 (C$1,250,000), were released to PACE (now Alterna Savings and Credit Union Limited "Alterna") and Alterna released all security it held to the Company. Prior to this full and final mutual release the obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest was $3,844,440 (C$5,197,999).

The Company continues to be responsible in replacing the letter of credit previously held by PACE in favor of the MECP which is now in the amount of $482,117 ($C637,637) and now in the amount of $110,759 ($C146,487)

For the year ended December 31, 2023, $70,615 (C$95,297) (2022-$357,038; C$464,168), in interest was incurred on the PACE long-term debt. As at December 31, 2023, $nil (C$nil) (2022-$288,407; C$390,636) in accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

(a) i. The Company obtained a 1st mortgage provided by private lenders to finance the acquisition of the shares of 1684567 and to provide funds for additional financing needs, including additional lands, received in four tranches totaling $3,931,720 (C$5,200,000) (December 31, 2022-$3,839,160; C$5,200,000). The fourth tranche was received on August 13, 2021 in the amount of $1,402,770 (C$1,900,000) and a portion of this fourth tranche, $1,368,759 (C$1,853,933), was used to fund a portion of the purchase of the first Hamilton Property on August 17, 2021. The 1st mortgage was repayable interest only on a monthly basis at an annual rate of the higher of the Royal Bank of Canada's prime rate plus 6.05% per annum and 10% per annum with a maturity date of December 1, 2023. The Company continued to be charged at the rate of 10% per annum. On December 1, 2023, the 1st mortgage was renewed with a new maturity date of June 1, 2024 and a fixed interest rate of 13% per annum. On renewal, the 1st mortgage was increased by $314,749 (C$416,280) to account for increased interest based on the previous variable rate, three months of prepaid interest and a financing fee. The 1st mortgage is secured by the shares held of 1684567, a 1st mortgage on the premises located at 704 Phillipston Road, Roslin, Ontario, Canada and a general assignment of rents. Financing fees on the 1st mortgage totaled $344,342 (C$455,419). As at December 31, 2023 $44,555 (C$58,928) (December 31, 2022-$31,555; C$42,740) of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as at December 31, 2022 there is $32,764 (C$43,333) (December 31, 2022-$56,409; C$76,404) of unamortized financing fees included in long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets.

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51

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

10. Long-Term Debt, (continued)

ii. On March 1, 2023, the Company obtained a 2nd mortgage in the amount of $1,134,150 (C$1,500,000) bearing interest at the annual rate of 12%, repayable monthly, interest only with a maturity date of March 1, 2024, secured as noted under (d) i) above. The Company incurred financing fees of $45,366 (C$60,000). As at December 31, 2023 $11,187 (C$14,795) (December 31, 2022-$nil; C$nil) of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as at December 31, 2023 there is $7,457 (C$9,863) of unamortized financing fees included in long-term debt in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.

iii. On November 2, 2023, the Company completed the purchase of additional land, consisting of a 2.03-acre site in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada for $2,343,910 (C$3,100,000), prior to an additional disbursement of $44,213 (C$58,475) representing land transfer tax. The Company obtained vendor take-back mortgage in the amount of $1,512,200 (C$2,000,000) bearing interest at 7% annually, payable monthly, interest only and maturing November 2, 2025. An additional mortgage, as noted below under paragraph iv), was arranged to complete the purchase.

iv. In connection with the purchase of additional land noted above under paragraph iii) above, a 2nd mortgage was obtained in the amount of $793,905 (C$1,050,000) bearing interest at 13% annually, payable monthly interest only and secured by a 3rd mortgage on the property in Belleville, Ontario, Canada.

v. On December 14, 2023, the Company made arrangements to repay the previous 1st mortgage on the first property purchased in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada on August 17, 2021, for a new 1st mortgage in the amount of $1,688,597 ($C2,233,298) with new creditors. The original 1st mortgage was a vendor take back mortgage, as noted below under paragraph vi).

vi. On August 17, 2021, the Company obtained a vendor take-back 1st mortgage in the amount of $1,476,600 (C$2,000,000), on the purchase of the first property in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The 1st mortgage bore interest at an annual rate of 2% per annum, was repayable monthly interest only and had a maturity date of August 17, 2023 and was secured by the assets on this first property in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. As noted under paragraph v) above, this mortgage was repaid on the transfer to the new creditors.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, $718,535 (C$969,683) (2022-$430,772; C$560,026) in interest was incurred on the mortgages payable.

As a result of defaults or cross defaults, all long-term debt is disclosed as current.

(b) As a result of the COVID-19 virus, the Government of Canada launched the Canada Emergency Business Account (the "CEBA"), a program to ensure that small businesses have access to the capital they need to see them through the current challenges and better position them to quickly return to providing services to their communities and creating employment. The program is administered by Canadian chartered banks and credit unions.

The Company has received a total of $75,610 (C$100,000) under this program, from its Canadian chartered bank.

Under the initial term date of the loans, which is detailed in the CEBA term loan agreements, the amounts were due on December 31, 2022 and were interest-free. If the loans were not repaid by December 31, 2022, the Company could have made payments, interest only, on a monthly basis at an annual rate of 5%, under the extended term date, beginning January 1, 2023, maturing December 31, 2025.

The CEBA term loan agreements were amended by extending the interest free repayment date by one year to December 31, 2023. If paid by January 18, 2024, 2023, 30% ($22,683; C$30,000), previously 25%, of the loans would be forgiven. Repayment terms on the extended period are unchanged.

These loans were repaid subsequent to December 31, 2023 and January 9 and 11 of 2024, in the amount of $52,927 (C$70,000).

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52

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

10. Long-Term Debt, (continued)

(c) On April 8, 2021, the Company took delivery of a truck and hauling trailer for a total purchase price of $165,085 (C$218,338) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes. The purchase was financed by a bank term loan of $151,220 (C$200,000), over a forty-eight-month term, bearing interest at 4.95% per annum with monthly blended instalments of principal and interest payments of $3,706 (C$4,901) due April 7, 2025.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, $3,238 (C$4,369) (2022-$5,500; C$7,150) in interest was incurred.

 

11. Obligations under Capital Lease

    2023     2022  
             
Obligations under Capital Lease $ 66,037   $ 121,758  
Less: current portion   (66,037 )   (57,275 )
Long-term portion $ -   $ 64,483  

Refer also to going concern, note 2.

The lease agreement for certain equipment for the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility at a cost of $294,614 (C$389,650), is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $5,181 (C$6,852), plus applicable harmonized sales taxes for a period of fifty-nine months plus an initial deposit of $14,706 (C$19,450) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes and an option to purchase the equipment for a final payment of a nominal amount of $76 (C$100) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes on February 27, 2025. The leasing agreement bears interest at the rate of 3.59% annually, compounded monthly, due February 27, 2025.

The lease liabilities are secured by the equipment under capital lease as described in note 8.

Minimum lease payments as per the original terms of the obligations under capital lease are as follows:

In the year ending December 31, 2024 $ 62,173  
In the year ending December 31, 2025   5,257  
    67,430  
Less: imputed interest   (1,393 )
Total $ 66,037  

For the year ended December 31, 2023, $3,687 (C$4,976) (2022$4,762; C$6,191) in interest was incurred.

As a result of defaults or cross defaults, the obligations under capital are disclosed as current.

 

12. Convertible Promissory Notes

      2023     2022  
               
(a) Convertible promissory notes-October 28 and 29, 2021 $ 2,898,595   $ 2,599,925  
(b) Convertible promissory notes-March 3 and 7, 2022   6,065,878     3,696,044  
(c) Convertible promissory note- June 23, 2022   1,555,351     1,500,464  
    $ 10,519,824   $ 7,796,433  

 

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53

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)

The convertible promissory notes, which are in default, are accounted for under the fair value option in the consolidated financial statements. The actual principal outstanding on the balance of the convertible promissory notes as at December 31, 2023 is $7,442,600 (December 31, 2022-$5,825,260), including accrued interest of $1,232,440 (2022-$nil).

(a) On October 28 and 29, 2021, the Company entered into two securities purchase agreement (the "October 2021 SPAs) with two investors (the "October 2021 Investors") pursuant to which the Company issued to the October 2021 Investors two 15% OID unsecured convertible promissory notes (the "October 2021 Investor Notes") in the principal amount of $1,765,118. The October 2021 Investor Notes are convertible, with accrued interest, from time to time on notice of a liquidity event (a "Liquidity Event"). A Liquidity Event is defined as a public offering of the Company's common stock resulting in the listing for trading of the common stock on any one of a number of exchanges. The October 2021 Investor Notes can be prepaid prior to maturity for an amount of 120% of the prepayment amount.

The maturity date of the October 2021 Investor Notes is the earlier of (i) July 28 and 29, 2022 and (ii) the occurrence of a Liquidity Event, as described above (the "Maturity Date"). Upon the occurrence of a Liquidity Event, the October 2021 Investors are entitled to convert all or a portion of their October 2021 Investor Notes including any accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to 70% (representing a 30% discount) multiplied by the price per share of the Common Stock at the public offering associated with the Liquidity Event.

Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the interest rate on the October 2021 Investor Notes will immediately accrue at 24% per annum and be paid in cash monthly to the October 2021 Investors, until the default is cured. And the Conversion Price will be reset to 85% of the lowest volume weighted average price for the ten consecutive trading days ending on the trading day that is immediately prior to the applicable conversion date.

On May 11, 2022, the holder of the October 29, 2021, investor note, provided an amendment for an optional conversion of his investor notes. The conversion price was amended to be (i) the product of the Liquidity Event price multiplied by the discount of 35% (previously 30%) or (2) the greater of (i) the product of the closing price per share of the Company's Common Stock as reported by the applicable trading market on the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date multiplied by the discount (35%) or $1.70 multiplied by the discount (35%), provided that in the event of a conversion, of investor note, at a time that a Liquidity Event shall not have previously occurred and be continuing, the conversion price for such conversion shall be as provided in the amendment.

On August 16, 2022, the Company was sent a notice of default from one of the October 2021 Investors, whose investor note was issued on October 29, 2021. On September 15, 2022, the Company and the investor of the October 2021 investor note entered into an amendment to the October 2021 investor note which served as a cure to the previously issued default notice.

Pursuant to the September 15, 2022 amendment, the Company and the October 29, 2021 investor, agreed that the outstanding principal amount of the October 29, 2021 investor note would increase by 10% to $1,618,100 from the previously issued principal amount of $1,471,000. The new agreed upon maturity date was changed to November 15, 2022, subject to certain conditions and the maturity date would automatically be extended to January 15, 2023 provided that the October 29, 2021 investor does not notify the Company in writing prior to the maturity date that the automatic extension of the maturity date has been cancelled. In connection with this amendment, the Company agreed to use its best efforts to promptly facilitate the conversion of the October 29, 2021 investor note into shares of the Company's common stock.

As a result of the default on November 15, 2022, the Company was informed that the October 29, 2021 investor will now be accruing interest at the default rate of 24% per annum. As at December 31, 2023, this note has a principal balance of $1,645,337, including $345,337 of accrued interest.

Further, the October 29, 2021 investor agreed not to convert more than $100,000 in any one conversion notice and the October 29, 2021 investor agreed not to issue an additional conversion notice unless and until any previously issued conversion shares have been sold by the October 29, 2021 investor or exceed 10% of the daily trading volume in selling the shares of the Company's common stock

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54

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)

On September 21, 2022 and November 10, 2022, the October 29, 2021 investor issued conversion notices to the Company and the Company issued 372,090 common shares at conversion prices ranging from $0.1885 to $0.2339 per share respectively, on the conversion of $25,000 and $50,000 respectively, of the October 29, 2021 investor note, having a fair market value of $97,129 on conversion. The October 29, 2021 investor has not informed the Company of an extension to the current maturity date but continued to issue conversion notices to the Company prior to the default notice of June 8, 2023, noted below.

On December 22, 2022, the October 28, 2021 investor, whose October 28, 2021 investor note had a previous Principal Amount of $294,118 and a maturity date of July 28, 2022, provided the Company with an amendment whereby the maturity date of the October 28, 2021 investor note was extended to the earlier of July 28, 2023 or the occurrence of a Liquidity Event. In addition, the Company agreed that the investor could convert his October 28, 2021, investor note into shares of the Company's common stock at any time at the investor's option. Previously, the October 28, 2021 Note was only convertible upon the occurrence of the Liquidity Event. The Company also agreed to change the conversion price to be the lowest trading bid price of the Company's common stock on the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date multiplied with a 35% discount to that lowest price. Previously, the conversion price was a 30% discount to the price at which the securities were sold in connection with the Liquidity Event. In consideration for the extension of the maturity date, the Company agreed to issue the investor 500,000 shares of the Company's common stock. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares. As a result of the default on July 28, 2023, the Company is now incurring interest at the default rate of 24%. As at December 31, 2023, this note has a principal balance of $355,205 including accrued interest of $33,045.

On June 8, 2023, the October 29, 2021, investor's counsel sent the Company a notice of default on the October 29, 2021 investor note and the March 2022 Investor Notes, described below. The default was caused by the holders of these promissory notes not being able to receive shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 (the "Common Stock") pursuant to the conversion terms of these promissory notes. All cure periods available pursuant to the promissory notes had expired prior to June 8, 2023. The October 29, 2021, investor note had a principal balance of $1,300,000 before the default and the March 2022 Investor Notes, whose principal balance totaled $2,640,000 prior to the notice of default, increased by 20% or $528,000 in total as a result of the notice of default. In addition, default interest at the rate of 24% per annum continues to accrue on the March 2022 Investor Notes.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the October 29, 2021 investor provided the Company with notices of conversion to convert in total $243,100. of his investor note having a fair value on conversion of $374,000 for 1,650,709 of common shares of the Company. The conversion prices per share for the year ended December 31, 2023 ranged from $0.1294 to $0.3400.

The Company initially reserved 1,905,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "October 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to be issued upon conversion of the October 2021 Investor Notes.

(b) On March 3 and 7, 2022, the Company executed two unsecured convertible promissory notes with two investors (the "March 2022 Investors"), who purchased 25% original issue discount (the "OID") unsecured convertible promissory notes (the "The March 2022 Investor Notes") in the aggregate principal amount totaling $2,000,000 (the "Principal Amount") with such Principal Amount convertible into shares of the Company's common stock (the "Common Stock") from time to time triggered by the occurrence of certain events. The March 2022 Investor Notes carried an OID totaling $500,000 which is included in the principal balance of the Notes. The funds were received on March 7, 2022 and March 11, 2022 in the total amount of $1,425,000, net of the OID and professional fees.

form10kxu001.jpg
55

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)

The maturity date of the Notes is the earlier of (i) June 3 and 7, 2022, and (ii) the occurrence of a Liquidity Event (as defined in the Notes) (the "Maturity Date"). The final payment of the Principal Amount (and default interest, if any) shall be paid by the Company to the Investors on the Maturity Date. On an event of default, the principal amount of the March 2020 Investor Notes will increase to 120% of their original principal amounts. The Investors are entitled to, following an event of default, (as defined in the March 2022 Investor Notes) to convert all or any amount of the Principal Amount and any interest accruing at the default interest rate of 24% per annum into Common Stock, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to 70% (representing a 30% discount) multiplied by the price per share of the Common Stock at any national security exchange or over-the-counter marketplace for the five (5) trading days immediately prior to the March 2022 Investors' notice of conversion.

On May 11, 2022, the holder of the March 3, 2022 Investor Note and on May 13, 2022, the holder of the March 7, 2022 Investor Note, each provided an amendment for an optional conversion of their investor notes. The conversion price was amended to be (i) the product of the Liquidity Event price multiplied by the discount of 35% (previously 30%) or (2) the greater of (i) the product of the closing price per share of the Company's Common Stock as reported by the applicable trading market on the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date multiplied by the discount (35%) or $1.70 multiplied by the discount (35%), provided that in the event of a conversion, of his investor note, at a time that a Liquidity Event shall not have previously occurred and be continuing, the conversion price for such conversion shall be as provided in amendment for each.

Further, on June 29, 2022, the March 2022 Investors revised their March 2022 Investor Notes, to extend the maturity date to August 15, 2022 and increase the principal amount of each of the March 2022 Investor Notes by twenty percent (20%), from a Principal Amount of $2,000,000 to $2,400,000. In addition, the Company agreed to issue 100,000 common shares to the March 2022 Investor. These restricted shares of the Company's common stock will survive a reverse stock split prior to listing. The common shares were issued on July 11, 2022. The restructurings were accounted for as extinguishments as they were renegotiated after maturity.

On August 16, 2022, the Company was sent notices of default from the March 2022 Investors. And, on September 15, 2022, the Company and the March 2022 Investors entered into an amendment to the March 2022 Investor Notes which served as a cure to the previously issued default notices.

Pursuant to the September 15, 2022 amendment, the Company and the March 2022 Investors agreed that the outstanding principal amount totaling $2,400,000 would increase by 10% to $2,640,000. The new agreed upon maturity date was now November 15, 2022, subject to certain conditions and the maturity date was extended to January 15, 2023. In connection with this amendment, the Company agreed to use its best efforts to promptly facilitate the conversion of the March 2022 Investor Notes into shares of the Company's common stock only after the October 29, 2021 investor note, as described under paragraph (a) above, has been fully converted.

Further, in the event that the October 29, 2021 investor note has been fully converted and the conversion shares sold, thereafter, the March 2022 Investor Notes may both be converted at the March 2022 Investors' discretion on a pari-passu basis, provided, however, that no conversion shall exceed $50,000 for each of the March 2022 Investor Notes and each of the March 2022 Investors shall not sell more than 5% of the daily trading volume in selling the Company's shares of common stock.

As noted above, on June 8, 2023 the counsel for the March 2022 Investors provided the Company with a notice of default. This resulted in the principal balance of the March 2022 Investor Notes increasing in principal from $2,640,000 in total to $3,168,000, in total. In addition, interest is accruing at the rate of 24% per annum. As at December 31, 2023, the principal balance of the March 2022 investor notes totaled $4,022,058, including accrued interest of $854,058 (2022-$nil) is included in the convertible promissory notes balance.

Refer also to subsequent events, note 23(c).

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56

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)

(c) On June 23, 2022, the Company executed one convertible promissory note (the "June 2022 Investor Note") with an investor (the "June 2022 Investor") in the amount of $1,200,000 bearing interest at 10% per annum and having an OID of 10%. The maturity date of the June 2022 Investor Note is the earlier of December 23, 2022 and the date of the Company's uplist to a national securities exchange. The proceeds from the June 2022 Investor Note were used to repay this investor's June 2021 Investor Note and their December 2021 Investor Note which matured June 16, 2022 and June 2, 2022 respectively, plus accrued interest. The net proceeds, after repaying the December 2021 Investor Note and the June 2021 Investor Note with accrued interest and related disbursements totaled approximately $204,000. The net proceeds were received on June 28, 2022. In addition, the Company issued 1,333,333 common shares to the June 2022 Investor on June 29, 2022 which have been included in the determination of the extinguishment gain and recognized at fair value. The restructuring was accounted for as extinguishments as it was renegotiated after maturity.

The June 2022 Investor may convert the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest into the Company's common stock from time to time following an event of default ('Event of Default"), as defined in the June 2022 Investor Note, with interest accruing at the default interest rate of 15% per annum from the Event of Default, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to the lesser of 90% (representing a 10% discount) multiplied by the price per share of the Common Stock at the public offering associated with the Event of Default.

On December 29, 2022, the Company and the investor agreed to extend the maturity date to the earlier of June 23, 2023 or the occurrence of a Liquidity Event. In consideration for the extension of the maturity date, the Company agreed to: (i) increase the principal amount to $1,320,000.00 (the "Increased Principal Amount"); (ii) that interest is payable on the Increased Principal Amount and that such interest (but not any default interest that becomes due) is paid in full and in advance by the Company issuing to the June 2022 Investor 450,000 shares of the Company's common stock and (iii) issue to the June 2022 Investor 666,667 shares of the Company's common stock (the "Modification Fee Shares"). The parties agreed that the Modification Fee Shares served as an increase in the amount of commitment fee shares issued to the investor pursuant to the securities purchase agreement signed by the Company and the June 2022 Investor on June 23, 2022, in connection with the issuance of the June 2022 Investor Note. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.

On June 29, 2023, the June 2022 Investor provided a 45-day extension of the June 2022 Investor Note in exchange for an increase in the principal balance of the June 2022 Investor Note of $100,000, from $1,320,000 to $1,420,000.

The Company initially reserved 8,000,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "June 2022 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the June 2022 Investor Note.

Pursuant to the terms of the security purchase agreements for the convertible promissory notes described above, for so long as the noted investors own any shares of Common Stock issued upon the conversion of the applicable investor notes, the Company has covenanted to secure and maintain the listing of such shares of Common Stock. The Company is also subject to certain customary negative covenants under the investor notes and the security purchase agreements, including but not limited to the requirement to maintain its corporate existence and assets, require registration of or stockholder approval for the investor notes or the Common Stock upon the conversion of the applicable investor notes.

The convertible promissory notes described above, contain certain representations, warranties, covenants and events of default including if the Company is delinquent in its periodic report filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission which would increase the amount of the principal and interest rates under the convertible promissory notes in the event of such defaults. In the event of a default, at the option of the applicable investor and in their sole discretion, the applicable investor may consider any of their convertible promissory notes immediately due and payable.

During the year ended December 31, 2023 the Company issued 1,650,709 (2022-2,372,000) common shares on the conversion of convertible promissory notes in the amount of $243,100 having a fair value on conversion of $374,000 (2022-$579,247) at conversion prices ranging from $0.1294 to $0.3400 (2022-$0.1885 to $0.2339) per share. In addition, nil (2022-3,975,211) common shares were issued on the issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt having a fair market value of $nil (2022-$1,591,245).

Refer also to going concern, note 2.

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57

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)

Fair value option for the convertible promissory notes

The Company is eligible to elect the fair value option under ASC 825, Financial Instruments and bypass analysis of the potential embedded derivative features described above. The Company believes that the fair value option better reflects the underlying economics of the convertible promissory notes issued after December 31, 2020. As a result, the 2021 and 2022 promissory notes were recorded at fair value upon issuance and subsequently remeasured at each reporting date until settled or converted. The Company recognized the notes initially at fair value, which exceeded the proceeds received resulting in a day one loss that has been recognized in net loss. Transaction and other issuance costs have been expensed as incurred. Subsequently, the Company recognizes the notes at fair value with changes in net loss.

Gains and losses attributable to changes in credit risk were insignificant during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company recognized a loss of $nil (2022-$659,526) at the time of issuance of the convertible promissory notes and an additional loss of $3,059,969 (2022- $7,663,844) attributed to the change in fair value of the convertible promissory notes for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, for the year December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes of $nil (2022-$4,274,820). Further, for the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $nil (2022-$101,000), which were expensed as incurred.

 

13. Fair Value Measurement

The following table presents information about the Company's financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation:

    Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022  
    Using                 Total     Total  
    Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     2023     2022  
Assets: $ -     -     -   $ -   $ -  
Liabilities:                              
Convertible promissory notes   -     -     10,519,824     10,519,824     7,796,433  
  $ -     -     10,519,824   $ 10,519,824   $ 7,796,433  

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3. There were no other financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022.

The following table summarizes the change in Level 3 financial instruments during the year ended December 31, 2023.

    2023     2022  
Fair value at December 31, 2022 $ 7,796,433   $ 3,798,516  
Fair value at issuance         2,159,526  
Amendments   2,180,923     -  
Conversions/repayments   (336,578 )   (136,880 )
Mark to market adjustment   879,046     7,663,844  
Settlement   -     (5,688,573 )
Fair value at December 31, 2023 $ 10,519,824   $ 7,796,433  

Financial instruments measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value of the convertible promissory notes at issuance and subsequent financial reporting dates was estimated based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represent level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy.

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58

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

13. Fair Value Measurement (continued)

The fair value of the convertible promissory notes at issuance and at each reporting period was estimated based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The Company used a scenario-based binomial model to estimate the fair value of the convertible promissory notes. The model determines the fair value from a market participant's perspective by evaluating the payouts under hold, convert, or call decisions. The most significant estimates and assumptions used as inputs are those concerning type, timing and probability of specific scenario outcomes. Specifically, the Company assigned a probability of default, which would increase the required payout as described in Note 12 and calculated the fair value under each scenario.

At the issuance dates of the convertible promissory notes, the probability of default ("PD") was assumed to be 75% (2022-75%), except for those which were amended post maturity, which were assumed to be 100%. The probability of default was determined in reference to a 1-year PD rate for a 'CCC+' rating at issuance, and a combination of 'CC' and 'CCC-' credit ratings at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Increasing (decreasing) the probability of default would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.

Other significant unobservable inputs include the expected volatility and the credit spread. The expected volatility was based on the historical volatility over a look-back period that was consistent with the balance-remaining term of the instruments. A range of 162.4% to 164.8% was used for the expected volatility (2022-92% to159%). The discount for lack of marketability was determined using a range of option pricing methodologies using the remaining restriction term corresponding to each instrument on the relevant valuation date. The credit spread was determined in reference to credit yields of companies with similar credit risk at the date of valuation. A premium of 10% (2022-10%) was added to the credit spread as an instrument specific adjustment to reflect the Company's risk of default. A range of 22.95% to 22.95% (2022-24.4% to 25.6%) was used for the credit spread.

 

14. Loans Payable to Related Parties

    2023     2022  
             
Directors $ 47,500   $ 40,000  
Haute Inc.   442,016     -  
Total $ 489,516   $ 40,000

The loan owing to directors were received by the Company on June 6, 2022 and March 16, 2023, are unsecured, bearing interest at 5% per annum and due on demand.

On December 5, 2023, the Company received a loan from Haute Inc., in the amount of $453,660 (C$600,000) bearing interest at 13% per annum, due June 5, 2024. The net proceeds were $254,424 (C$336,495) after deducting outstanding interest on existing mortgages for a wholly owned subsidiary, 1684567, and other disbursements in the amount of $154,369 (C$204,165), a financing fee in the amount of $13,610 (C$18,000) plus the applicable harmonized sales taxes of $1,769 (C$2,340). In addition, six months of interest in the amount of $29,488 (C$39,000) was capitalized. During the year ended December 31, 2023 $2,298 (2022-$1,134) was incurred on the director loan. As at December 31, 2023, $3,386 (2022-$1,088) of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, a director's company, Travellers, converted a total of $278,845 (C$372,483) (2022-$nil; C$nil) of loans provided during the year and $300,156 (C$406,800) (2022-$33,371; C$45,200) of accounts payable owing to Travellers for 2,911,852 (2022-193,778) common shares.  There was no gain or loss on these conversions.

 

form10kxu001.jpg
59

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

15. Capital Stock

As at December 31, 2023, the Company had 150,000,000 common shares authorized with a par value of $.0001 per share and 125,272,975 (December 31, 2022-113,438,832) common shares issued and outstanding.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 1,650,709 (December 31, 2022-2,372,090) common shares on the conversion of a convertible promissory note having a fair value on conversion in the amount of $374,000 (December 31, 2022-$579,247) at conversion prices ranging from $0.1294 to $0.3400 (December 31, 2022- $0.1885 to $0.2339) per share. This resulted in a loss on conversion of $74,359 disclosed under other (income) expenses, note 17.

In addition, the Company raised $380,971 (December 31, 2022-$907,760, net of share issue costs of $1,440), on a private placement for 1,536,582 (December 31, 2022-4,444,041) common shares at prices ranging from $0.2047 to $0.3250 (December 31, 2022-$0.154 to $0.45) per share, including a private placement to an independent director. Further, 1,790,000 (December 31, 2022-6,655,000) common shares of the Company were issued for professional services valued at $396,895 (December 31, 2022-$2,186,110), based on the closing trading prices on the effective dates of the consulting agreements. This amount, $396,895 (December 31, 2022-$2,092,230) is included in the amount disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and the balance, $nil (December 31, 2022-$374,531) is included in prepaid expenses and deposits in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2022, 4,125,211 shares were issued on the issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt having a fair value on issuance of $1,652,715 and 1,616,667 common shares were issued on the extension of the maturity dates on convertible promissory notes having a fair value on issuance of $231,067. Further, on September 8, 2022, 241,502 common shares were returned to treasury.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Travellers converted $579,001 (C$779,283) (December 31, 2022-$33,371; C$45,200 in outstanding accounts payable) in outstanding loans and outstanding accounts payable for 2,911,852 (December 31, 2022-193,778) common shares of the Company, based on closing trading prices on the day prior to each conversion.

On January 3, 2023, the Company issued 3,000,000 (January 2, 2022-1,000,000) common shares to the CEO and 100,000 (January 2, 2022-50,000) common shares to the CFO in connection with their executive consulting agreements, valued at $446,400 (2022-$240,450), based on the closing trading price on the effective date of their executive consulting agreements. Included under management stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 is an amount of $230,400 (2022-$240,450). Also, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 500,000 (2022-230,000) common shares on proceeds previously received.

Furthermore, on January 3, 2023, the Company issued 20,000 (February 7, 2022-10,000) common shares to an employee valued at $2,880 (December 31, 2022-$1,990) based on the closing trading price on the date of issuance. Also, 100,000 common shares were issued on March 1, 2023 to a new director appointed on February 18, 2023, valued at $21,000, based on the closing trading price on the date appointed. Both amounts are disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In addition, the Company issued 225,000 common shares for other services relating to satisfying certain outstanding interest expenses on a 1st mortgage, valued at $34,124 (C$45,000) based on the closing trading price on issuance.

As at December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a balance of $nil (December 31, 2022-$213,600 for 750,000 shares to be issued relating to a consulting agreement, of which 750,000 were issued on January 27, 2023, valued on the effective dates stipulated in the consulting agreement). On December 31, 2023, the Company cancelled the balance of $60,100, relating to 250,000 which were to be issued relating to a consulting agreement with a Tradigital Marketing Group (“Tradigital”) for professional services, valued on the effective dates stipulated in the consulting agreement. The shares were cancelled based on an arbitrator’s decision made on April 26, 2024, to a claim filed against the Company by Tradigital. Refer also to legal proceedings, note 21. These professional services are included under stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

 

16. Commitments

a) Effective January 1, 2023, new executive consulting agreements were finalized for the services of the CEO and the CFO, for two years and one year, respectively. The CEO's monthly fee is $30,244 (C$40,000) for 2023 and $37,805 (C$50,000) for 2024 and for the CFO $9,451 (C$12,500). The future minimum commitment under these consulting agreements, is as follows:

For the year ending December 31, 2024 $ 453,660  

 

form10kxu001.jpg
60

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

16. Commitments, (continued)

b) The Company has agreed to lease its office premises from Haute on a month-to-month basis, at the monthly rate of $6,805 (C$9,000). The Company is responsible for all expenses and outlays in connection with its occupancy of the leased premises, including, but not limited to utilities, realty taxes and maintenance.

c) Effective February 3, 2021, upon the successful completion of a Nasdaq listing, the Company has committed a payment of $300,000 to a consulting firm providing advisory and consulting services.

d) On November 5, 2021 the Company committed to the design and construction of its Hamilton, Ontario, Canada facility, including architectural and general contracting fees in the amount of $6,900,024 (C$9,125,809) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes.

e) Effective November 1, 2022, the Company acquired the exclusive rights to the use of a well-known athlete's name, endorsement and the like, for the purposes of advertisement, promotion and sale of the Company's products. In return, the Company issued 500,000 common shares of the Company and the individual's company is entitled to the following fees:

• $125,000 sixty days subsequent to the Company's shares listed on the Nasdaq or another senior exchange.

• $125,000 on the one-year anniversary of the first payment above and,

• $125,000 on the one-year anniversary of the second payment above.

There is also an arrangement to issue 250,000 warrants to the company once the Company's shares are listed on the Nasdaq or another major exchange.

f) The Company was assigned the land lease on the purchase of certain assets of Astoria Organic Matters Ltd., and Astoria Organic Matters Canada LP. The land lease, which comprises 13.88 acres in Roslin, Ontario, Canada, has a term expiring March 31, 2034. The basic monthly rent on the net lease is $2,268 (C$3,000) and is subject to adjustment based on the consumer price index as published by Statistics Canada ("CPI"). To date, no adjustment for CPI has been charged. The Company is also responsible for any property taxes, maintenance, insurance and utilities. In addition, the Company has the right to extend the lease for five further terms of five years each and one further term of five years less one day. As the Company acquired the business of 1684567, the previous landlord, in 2019, there are no future commitments for this lease. The Company is responsible through a special provision of the site plan agreement with the City of Belleville (the "City"), Ontario, Canada, that it is required to fund road maintenance required by the City through to September 30, 2025 at an annual rate of $7,561 (C$10,000). The future minimum commitment is as follows:

For the year ending December 31, 2024 $ 7,561  
For the year ending December 31, 2025   7,561  
  $ 15,122  

Up until September 30, 2023, PACE had provided the Company a letter of credit in favor of the MECP in the amount of $209,312 (C$276,831) and, as security, has registered a charge of lease over the organic waste processing and composting facility, located at 704 Phillipston Road, Roslin, Ontario, Canada.

The current letter of credit required by the MEC is $482,117 (C$637,637) and now $110,759 (C$146,487), while the Company re-assesses and re-submits it financial assurance to the MECP with the assistance of its environmental consultant. The Company has not yet satisfied this requirement of the MECP.

The letter of credit is a requirement of the MECP and is in connection with the financial assurance provided by the Company for it to be in compliance with the MECPs environmental objectives. The MECP regularly evaluates the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility to ensure compliance is adhered to and the letter of credit is subject to change by the MECP. The Company has engaged an environmental consulting firm to re-evaluate the financial assurance with the MECP which is based on the estimated environmental remediation and clean-up costs for its waste processing and composting facility. As a result of inspections carried out by the MECP during the current and prior years, some of which have resulted in MECP orders being issued, the Company has accrued estimated and actual costs for corrective measures in orders issued by the MECP $2,153,214 (C$2,847,790) (2022-$676,635; C$904,287).

 

form10kxu001.jpg
61

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

17. Other Income (Expenses)

    2023     2022  
(a) Gain on settlement of outstanding debt and accrued interest with PACE $ 2,925,467   $ -  
(b) Loss on conversion of convertible promissory notes   (74,359 )   -  
(c) Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes   (3,059,969

)

   (8,323,370 )
(d) Provision for losses   (2,740,661 )   -  
(e) Settlement payment   -     (250,000 )
(f) Gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes   -     4,274,820  
  $ (2,949,522 ) $ (4,298,550 )

(a) During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company settled the outstanding debt to PACE including accrued interest.

(b) As described under capital stock, note 15, the loss is on the conversions of the October 29, 2021 investor note.

(c) Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes.

(d) The provision for losses includes the provision for loss on a deposit for future acquisition in the amount of $148,200, a provision for loss on a claim by Tradigital in the amount of $58,097 (refer also to legal proceeds, note 21) and a provision for loss on a lawsuit against the Company by the investor of the March 3, 2023 Investor Note in the amount of $2,534,364 (refer also to subsequent events, note 23(c)).

(e) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company accrued for a settlement payment for the release of the services of a party for an underwriting offering dated March 22, 2022 and amended May 23, 2022.

(f) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes.

 

18. Income Taxes

The Company's income tax provision has been calculated as follows:

    2023     2022  
Loss before income taxes $ (8,225,334 ) $ (12,082,636 )
Expected income tax recovery at the statutory rate of 21% (2022-21%)   (1,727,320 )   (2,537,354 )
Foreign tax rate differences   (66,534 )   (133,836 )
Prior year adjustments   26,565     50,972  
Foreign exchange effect on deferred tax assets and other   (62,195 )   112,591  
Permanent differences   681,551     1,545,782  
Change in valuation allowance   1,147,933     889,757  
Provision for income taxes $ -   $ (72,088 )

The Company's income tax provision is allocated as follows:

Deferred Tax (recovery)   -     (72,088 )
  $ -   $ (72,088 )

 

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SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant components of the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities are presented below:

    2023     2022  
Net operating loss carry forwards $ 4,795,400   $ 3,742,661  
Financing costs   41,495     84,502  
Depreciable and amortizable assets   (21,073 )   9,123  
Land   (175,603 )   (171,469 )
Convertible promissory notes   -     (110,924 )
Other timing differences   198,156     136,549  
Total gross deferred income tax assets   4,838,375     3,690,442  
Less: valuation allowance   4,871,404     3,690,442  
Total deferred income tax liabilities $ -   $ -  
 
Movement in deferred income tax liabilities:   2023     2022  
Balance at the beginning of the year $ -   $ (73,925 )
Recognized in profit/loss   -     72,088  
Recognized in OCI   -     1,837  
Balance at the end of the year $ -   $ -  

As at December 31, 2023 and 2022, the valuation allowance was due to the history of losses generated. The valuation allowance is reviewed periodically and if the assessment of the more likely than not criteria changes, the valuation allowance is adjusted accordingly.

Potential benefits of income tax losses are not recognized in the accounts until realization is more likely than not. The Company computes tax asset benefits for net operating losses ("NOL") carried forward.

The Company has US NOL available for carry forward of $9,499,557 (2022-$5,537,874) which can be carried forward indefinitely and Canadian NOL available for carry forward of $10,567,898 (C$13,976,852) (2022-$9,734,745; C$13,185,352) which expire in the years 2037 through 2043.

 

19. Segmented Information

ASC 280-10, "Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information", establishes standards for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments in the Company's consolidated financial statements. Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The Company uses a management approach for determining segments. The management approach designates the internal organization that is used by management for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source of the Company's reportable segments. The Company's management reporting structure provides for only one segment: renewable energy and operates in one country, Canada.

 

20. Economic Dependence

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company generated 94% (2022-84%) of its revenue from four (2022-three) customers.

 

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SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(Expressed in United States Dollars)

21. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company may become involved in litigation relating to claims arising from the ordinary course of business. Management believes that there are currently no claims or actions pending against us, the ultimate disposition of which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, except as follows:

The Company has a claim against it for unpaid legal fees in the amount of $49,329 (C$65,241). The amount is included in accounts payable on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

On October 4, 2023, an action was launched by one of the October 2021 Investors, who claimed he was owed $1,300,000 plus accrued interest. The principal balance in the accounts and noted under convertible promissory notes, note 12(a) is $1,645,337, which is after conversions of $318,100 during 2022 and 2023 and includes accrued interest of $345,337. The Company has disclosed the fair value of this convertible promissory note as $2,404,558. The Company intends to repay the balance owed when it is financially able to do so.

On or around November 27, 2023 and March 6, 2024, the Company experienced an outflow of contaminated  water from its stormwater pond into the City of Belleville's roadside ditch and has continued to periodically overflow. The Company is working with its environmental consultants and its Canadian legal counsel to assess the damage caused, remediate this occurrence and report regularly to the MECP.

The Company has a claim against it for unpaid Hydro Bills in the amount of $378,278 (C$500,302). The amount is included in accounts payable on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

In addition, on November 17, 2023, the Company received an amended claim filed against it from 2023 by Tradigital in the sum of US$219,834.17 in owed fees plus the difference in stock price, 300,000 common shares of the Company, plus attorney fees and expenses. The case went to arbitration on March 11, 2024 and the Company defended its position. On April 4, 2024, the International Centre for Dispute Resolution indicated that no additional evidence is to be submitted and the hearings are declared closed as of April 29, 2024.The tribunal will endeavor to render the final decision within the timeframe provided for in the rules. Management agrees that outstanding fees, which are included in accounts payable in the consolidated balance sheets, are only in the amount of US$30,000, which was agreed to by the parties in earlier communications and through various e-mail correspondence. In addition, the management has no issue with the outstanding common shares to be provided to the claimant totaling 300,000. Management believes that the additional claim amount of US$189,834.17 is without merit. Of the total of 300,000 common shares, 50,000 have been issued and the remaining 250,000 are disclosed as shares to be issued in the statements of stockholders' deficiency. On April 26, 2024, the arbitrator for this claim awarded Tradigital the sum of $118,170 which has been accrued by the Company and the remaining 250,000 were not required to be issued by the Company and cancelled.

Refer also to subsequent events, note 23(c).

 

22. Comparative Figures

Certain figures in the comparative period have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

 

23. Subsequent Events

The Company's management has evaluated subsequent events up to the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, pursuant to the requirements of ASC 855 and has determined the following to be material subsequent events:

(a) On January 15, 2024, Travellers converted outstanding accounts payable in the amount of $102,527 (C$135,600) for 809,044 common shares of the Company based on the trading price immediately prior to the conversion. And on January 9, 2024, Haute provided the Company with a loan in the amount of $249,263 (C$329,670).

(b) On March 18, 2024, the Company informed its transfer agent to cancel 750,000 common shares previously issued to a service provider.

(c) On April 1, 2024, the Company received notice of a complaint filed against it by the March 3, 2022 Investor, seeking damages of no less than $4,545,393. The Company had thirty calendar days to respond and on April 30, 2024, the Company was able to extend the time to respond with opposing counsel, a further fifteen days. The Company has been unable to retain counsel to represent it in this matter. The full amount of the complaint has been included in the accounts.

(d) On April 2, 2024, the Company received funds in the amount of $148,217 (C$196,028), on a 4 th mortgage in the amount of $244,815 (C$323,786) net of unpaid interest, a financing fee and six months of capitalized interest, on the Company's waste processing and composting facility in Belleville, Ontario, Canada.

(e) On April 15, 2024, the Company received proceeds of $100,500, net of an original issue discount of 10% and disbursements, on a new convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $120,000.

64

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

        None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of senior management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, also our principal financial and accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2023 (the "Evaluation Date"). Based on this evaluation, Marc Hazout, our chief executive officer and Ike Makrimichalos, our chief financial officer and principal financial and accounting officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective for the year ended December 31, 2023. Such conclusions are noted below.

Report by Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The framework used by management to evaluate internal controls over financial reporting is Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO), as implemented by their subsequent publication Internal Control over Financial Reporting - Guidance for Smaller Public Companies. Based on this evaluation, Marc Hazout, our chief executive officer and Ike Makrimichalos, our chief financial officer and principal financial and accounting officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective for the year ended December 31, 2023. The matters involving internal controls over financial reporting that may be considered material weaknesses included the small size of the Company and the resulting lack of a segregation of duties.

Management has engaged the services of specialists to assist with certain material weaknesses noted above and increasing its internal accounting staff to improve its internal controls over financial reporting.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company's registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by the Company's registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission which permanently exempt smaller reporting companies.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes to the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our fourth fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information.

       Not applicable

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Our Board of Directors consisted of four independent directors and one director who is from management at December 31, 2023. For the size and scope of our business and operations, we believe a board of approximately five members is more appropriate and small enough to allow for effective communication among the members but large enough so that we get a diverse set of perspectives and experiences around our board room. Our bylaws provide that, in uncontested elections, directors will be elected by a majority of the votes cast, and in contested elections, directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast.

Each director on our Board of Directors will serve a one-year term or until their successor has been duly elected and qualified, subject to their earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. Pursuant to the DGCL and our bylaws, in general, any vacancies on our Board of Directors resulting from death, retirement, resignation, disqualification, removal or other cause may be filled only by an affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Our current directors and executive officers are as follows:

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Name Age Position
     
Marc M. Hazout 59 Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
     
Ike Makrimichalos 68 Chief Financial Officer
     
Andrea Calla 71 Director
     
Gary Herman 59 Director
     
Susan Harte 58 Director
     
Bruce Rintoul 64 Director

We believe that each of our directors and executive officers possesses the experience, skills and qualities to fully perform his duties as a director or executive officer and contribute to our success. Our directors were nominated because each is of high ethical character, highly accomplished in his field with superior credentials and recognition, has a reputation, both personal and professional, that is consistent with our image and reputation, has the ability to exercise sound business judgment, and is able to dedicate sufficient time to fulfilling his obligations as a director. Our directors as a group complement each other and each of their respective experiences, skills and qualities so that collectively the Board operates in an effective, collegial and responsive manner. Similarly, for the executive officers. Described below, are the directors' and executive officers' principal occupations and other pertinent information about particular experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that led the Board and management to conclude that such person should serve as a director or executive officer.

Marc M. Hazout, age 59, founded SusGlobal Energy Corp. in 2014, and currently serves as Chairman, President and CEO. Mr. Hazout brings over 25 years of experience in public markets, finance and business operations to SusGlobal Energy Corp. Over the past several years Mr. Hazout has been involved in acquiring, restructuring and providing management services, as both a Director and an Officer, to several publicly traded companies. In 1998, Mr. Hazout founded and has been President and CEO of Travellers International Inc., a private equity firm headquartered in Toronto. Travellers has been involved in a multitude of successful capital market transactions over the past two decades. Mr. Hazout attended York University in Toronto studying International Relations and Economics. Mr. Hazout speaks English, French, and Hebrew.

The determination was made that Mr. Hazout should serve on our Board of Directors because he possesses significant experience in securities and capital markets.

Ike Makrimichalos, age 68, is a Chartered Professional Accountant (Chartered Accountant), with over 25 years of experience in servicing public and private companies, including manufacturing, automotive, technology & telecommunications and insurance, for Deloitte LLP in Toronto. Mr. Makrimichalos has served as a Chief Financial Officer and Controller in the mining sector for companies with global operations and multiple filing jurisdictions and currently also serves as a Chief Financial Officer in the financial services sector, along with providing financial consulting services for several private companies. Mr. Makrimichalos graduated from the University of Toronto with a Bachelor of Arts degree.

The determination was made that Mr. Ike Makrimichalos join the executive team because he possesses significant experience in financial reporting and accounting matters.

        Independent Directors

Andrea Calla, age 71, has been a member of the Board since November 14, 2018. Mr. Calla is President and CEO of the Calla Group and is an accomplished professional with over 35 years of experience in business, more recently a senior executive for ten years with The Tridel Group, one of Canada's largest community builders/developers. He was actively involved in the different company divisions and all facets of the industry. He is also Managing Partner of The Callian Capital Group, a globally active Toronto-based investment and capital management firm. Mr. Calla has held key leadership and entrepreneurial roles driving innovative, practical and effective changes to improve quality of life through various company start-ups across diverse industries, some include: Chairman, Deep Geo Inc., a global nuclear waste management company, Chairman & Co-Founder of TransAsia Investment Partners, Hong Kong, Founding Director of 350 Capital, a "cleantech" investment company, Co-Founder of Nordicon, a design-build company, Canada, US, Mid-East, Founding member of Novator, pioneer in e-commerce and AI, helped make it the 14th fastest growing company in Canada, reported by Profit 100 magazine, Board of Sumbola, an innovative internet e-publishing company, Co-Founder, Board member of Twin Hills Resources, developer of partial upgrading cavitation technology, reducing the viscosity of oil sands bitumen to flow through pipelines without having to be blended with diluent, Board of SEL Global, an innovative Mobile Shopping Solutions Software and Advertising company, software developed in Silicon Valley, Advisory Board of Magnovate, innovative Magnetic Levitation transportation systems, Co-Founder of Fusion Sailboats, designed, developed, manufactured and distributed the Fusion 15, winner of Sailing World's "International Boat of the Year" in 2003, Advisory Board of Dorsay Development Corp., currently planning a purpose-built community in the GTA with a ground-breaking model in place-making. The over 1,200-acre community will combine global best practices in creating a sustainable community that is economically, environmentally, socially healthy and resilient. Throughout his career, Andrea has been committed to City and Community building, improving the quality of life in urban regions and continually driving innovative, practical and effective change in different sectors through his leadership and entrepreneurial skills. Andréa holds a Bachelor of Architecture from the University of Toronto, a Master of Science from Columbia University, New York and an Executive MBA from Ivey School of Business, Western University.

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The determination was made that Mr. Calla should serve on our Board of Directors due to his extensive technical and business experience, which will be extremely valuable as the Company continues to grow.

Gary Herman, age 59, has served on our Board since April 2021. Mr. Herman is a seasoned investor with many years of investment and business experience. From 2005 to 2020 he co-managed Strategic Turnaround Equity Partners, LP (Cayman) and its affiliates. From January 2011 to August 2013, he was a managing member of Abacoa Capital Management, LLC, which managed Abacoa Capital Master Fund, Ltd., focused on a Global-Macro investment strategy. From 2005 to 2020, Mr. Herman was affiliated with Arcadia Securities LLC, a New York-based broker-dealer. From 1997 to 2002, he was an investment banker with Burnham Securities, Inc. From 1993 to 1997, he was a managing partner of Kingshill Group, Inc., a merchant banking and financial firm with offices in New York and Tokyo. Mr. Herman has a B.S. from the University at Albany with a major in Political Science and minors in Business and Music. Mr. Herman has many years of experience serving on the boards of public and private companies. He presently sits on the boards of Siyata Mobile, Inc. (NASDAQ: SYTA), LQR House, Inc. (NASDAQ: LQR), SRM Entertainment, Inc. (NASDAQ: SRM) and XS Financial, Inc. (CSE: XS).

We believe Mr. Herman’s extensive board and investment experience makes him well qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors.

Susan Harte, age 58, has been a member of the Board since June 1, 2021. Ms. Harte is a nationally recognized leader in site selection, location economics and incentives. She is currently a principal of the international site selection consulting firm Hickey & Associates. For over 25 years, she has combined her expertise in commercial real estate, site selection and economic development, to assist her clients with leveraging location as a competitive advantage. Throughout her practice, Ms. Harte has led her clients to achieving better business outcomes by integrating strategic planning techniques and implementation frameworks to drive internal stakeholder consensus around location decisions. She has managed major site selection projects for many Fortune 500 companies involving complex multi-jurisdictional competitive strategies. Pursuant to this work, she has structured, negotiated and secured over US$1billion in location incentives such as real estate and personal property tax abatements, sales tax exemptions, grants and specialty bond financing for her clients' projects. Prior to her current position, Ms. Harte was a Senior Vice President at CBRE, the world's largest commercial real estate services and investment firm, in the global Location Advisory and Transactions Services group. She previously was Director of the Business Economic Incentives Practice at Jones Lang LaSalle having joined the company after seven years with the New York City boutique law firm of Stadtmauer Bailkin. She also served a term as the Director of National Incentives Practice at, Grant Thornton one of the largest accounting firms in the world and as Director of Industry Development at Empire State Development Corporation, New York State's economic development agency.

We believe that these experiences make Ms. Harte well-qualified to serve as a member of the Board.

Bruce Rintoul, age 64, has been a member of the Board since February 22, 2023. Bruce Rintoul served as Senior Vice President of Operations at Veolia North America and previously held senior executive positions with environmental and industrial corporations such as Philip Services Corporation, The Churchill Corporation, RSC Equipment Rental, CEDA International Corporation, and Strike Energy Services. Rintoul also previously served on the Board of Directors for CEDA International Corporation in addition to his CEO and President responsibilities. He left Veolia in March 2022 after more than 6 years with Veolia in Houston, Texas and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. As Senior VP of Operations at Veolia, he led the transformation of U.S. and Canadian energy generation, water/wastewater management, hazardous waste, and environmental service businesses through structural changes, business process improvements, and data management system implementations. The resulting operational and financial performance improvement subsequently facilitated the divestment of several Veolia businesses in North America. He graduated from the University of New Hampshire with a B.Sc. in Civil Engineering and is a Licensed Professional Engineer in Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia. He received his MBA from the University of Western Ontario, his ICD-DEP from the University of Toronto, Rotman School of Management, and his ICD.D from the Institute of Corporate Directors, Calgary, Alberta.

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We believe that Bruce's strong strategic, operational, and business leadership experience in energy, waste and water markets across North America makes him well-qualified to serve as a member of the Board.

Director Compensation Policy

        The Company's current director compensation policy includes a fee of $19,230 (C$25,000) to all independent directors annually. The director compensation for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Director Compensation





Name
Fees
earned or
paid in
cash ($)


Stock
awards ($)


Option
awards ($)		 Non-equity
incentive
plan
compensation
($)
Nonqualified
deferred
compensation
earnings ($)


All other
compensation ($)



Total ($)
(a) (b)(ii) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)
               
Marc Hazout - - - - - - -
Andrea Calla 2023-$18,525(i) (C$25,000)
2022-$19,230(i) (C$25,000)		 - - - - - 2023-$18,525 (C$25,000)
2022-$19,230 (C$25,000)
Gary Herman(i) 2023-$18,525(i) (C$25,000)
2022-
$19,230(i) (C$25,000)		 -- - - - - 2023-$18,525 (C$25,000)
2022-$19,230 (C$25,000)
Susan Harte
 
 
 

Bruce
Rintoul		 2023-$18,525(i) (C$25,000)
2022-
$19,230(i) (C$25,000)
 
2023-$16,004 (i)
(C$21,597)
2022-$nil (C$nil)		 -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-		 -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-		 -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-		 -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-		 -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-		 2023-$18,525 (C$25,000)
2022-$19,230 (C$25,000)
 
2023-$16,004
(C$21,597)
2022-$nil (C$nil)

(i) The fees earned for services are unpaid at December 31, 2023 and at the date of this filing.

We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our Chief Executive Officer and President, and Chief Financial Officer, as well as other officers, directors and employees of the Company. The code of ethics, entitled "Code of Conduct," is posted on our website at www.susglobalenergy.com under the section "Corporate Governance" within the "Investor Relations" tab.

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Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company's executive officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of the Company's common stock, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership on Forms 3, 4 and 5 with the SEC.

Based solely on the Company's review of the copies of such Forms and written representations from certain reporting persons, the Company believes that all filings required to be made by the Company's Section 16(a) reporting persons during the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 were made on a timely basis, except for: (i) one late Form 3 filing on behalf of Mr. Rintoul following his appointment as director on February 18, 2023, and (ii) one late Form 4 filing on behalf of Mr. Hazout disclosing an issuance of shares of Common Stock.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth certain summary information with respect to the compensation paid to the Company's Chief Executive Officer and President (Marc Hazout) and Chief Financial Officer (Ike Makrimichalos) for services rendered in all capacities to the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Messrs. Hazout and Makrimichalos constituted our named executive officers for each of 2023 and 2022:

Summary Compensation Table

Name and Year   Salary     Bonus     Stock     Option     Non-equity     Nonqualified     All other     Total  
principal     ($)     ($)     awards     awards     incentive     deferred     compensation     ($)  
position                 ($)     ($)     plan     compensation     ($)        
                              Compensation     earnings              
                              ($)     ($)              
                                                   
(a) (b)   (c)     (d)     (e)     (f)     (g)     (h)     (i)     (j)  
Marc Hazout
Chairman,
President and
Chief Executive Officer		 2023   355,680 (C$480,000)     -     432,000     -     -     -     -     787,680  
2022   369,216 (C$480,000)     -     229,000     -     -     -     -     598,216  
                                                   
Ike
Makrimichalos,
Chief Financial
Officer		 2023   111,150 (C$150,000)     -     14,400     -     -     -     -     125,550  
2022   92,304 (C$120,000)     -     11,450     -     -     -     -     103,754  
                                                   
                                                   

(e) Stock Awards

The grant date fair values of the stock awards were computed in accordance ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation.

Consulting and Management Agreements

The Company entered into an Executive Chairman Consulting Agreement (the "CEO's Consulting Agreement"), by and among the Company, Travellers International Inc. ("Travellers"), and the CEO, who is also a director, the Executive Chairman and President of the Company, effective January 1, 2023 (the "Effective Date"). The CEO's Consulting Agreement replaced the consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2022.

Pursuant to the terms of the CEO's Consulting Agreement, for his services as the CEO, the compensation is at a rate of $30,244 (C$40,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning on the Effective Date, January 1, 2023, and at a rate of $37,805 (C$50,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning January 1, 2024. In addition, the Company granted the CEO 3,000,000 restricted shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share (the "Common Stock") on the Effective Date. These restricted shares were issued on January 3, 2023. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CEO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CEO.

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The CEO's Consulting Agreement is for a term of twenty-four (24) months. Upon a Constructive Discharge (as defined in the CEO's Consulting Agreement) and subject to certain notification requirements and the Company's opportunity to cure the Constructive Discharge, the CEO will be entitled to a compensation of twelve (12) months' fees, as well as any bonus compensation owing.

The Company entered into an Executive Consulting Agreement (the "CFO Consulting Agreement"), by and between the Company and the CFO of the Company, effective January 1, 2023. Pursuant to the terms of the CFO Consulting Agreement, the CFO is entitled to fees of $9,451 (C$12,500) per month for his services. In addition, the Company granted the CFO 100,000 restricted shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share on the Effective Date. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CFO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CFO. The CFO's Consulting Agreement replaced the consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2022.

The CFO's Consulting Agreement is for a term of twelve (12) months. Upon a Constructive Discharge (as defined in the CFO's Consulting Agreement) and subject to certain notification requirements and the Company's opportunity to cure the Constructive Discharge, the CFO will be entitled to a compensation of two (2) months' fees, as well as any bonus compensation owing.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial ownership of SusGlobal Energy Corp's securities as of the date of this filing:

• by each person who is known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our securities;

• by each of our officers and directors; and

• by all of our officers and directors as a group.

  Amount And    
Title of Class Name And Nature Of   Approximate
Address of Beneficial Beneficial   Percent of
Owner (1) Ownership (2)   Class (%)
Common Marc Hazout 24,725,742(3) 19.73
Common Ike Makrimichalos 750,000 0.60
Common Andrea Calla 133,992(4) 0.11
       
Common Susan Harte 50,000 0.04
Common
Common 		Gary Herman
Bruce Rintoul		 750,000(5)
410,888(6)		 0.60
0.30
  All officers and directors as a group    
Common (6 persons) 26,820,622 21.38%
 

(1)

Except as noted above, the address for the above identified officers and directors of the Company is c/o 200 Davenport Road, Toronto, ON, Canada M5R 1J2.

 

 

(2)

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to the shares shown. Except where indicated by footnote and subject to community property laws where applicable, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of voting securities shown as beneficially owned by them. Percentages are based upon the assumption that each shareholder has exercised all of the currently exercisable options he or she owns which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days and that no other shareholder has exercised any options he or she owns.
 
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(3) The shares are in the name of Travellers International Inc., a company controlled by Marc Hazout the president and chief executive officer.
   
(4) The shares are in the name of the Calla Group, a company for whom the director is the president and chief executive officer.
   
(5) The shares are in the names of 720 Advisors, LLC and GH Ventures, LLC, companies for whom the director is a shareholder.
   
(6) The shares are in the name of Allorian Group Ltd., a company controlled by Bruce Rintoul.

The above-referenced table is based on 125,332,019 issued and outstanding shares of common stock on the date of this filing.

EQUITY

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 125,272,975 common shares issued and outstanding. At the date of this filing, the Company had 125,332,019 common shares issued and outstanding.

STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS

As at December 31, 2023, and the date of this filing, the Company has no stock options or warrants outstanding.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

Related Party Transactions

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred $355,680 (C$480,000) (2022-$369,216; C$480,000) respectively, in management fees expense with Travellers International Inc. ("Travellers"), an Ontario company controlled by a director and the president and chief executive officer (the "CEO"); and $111,150 (C$150,000) (2022-$92,304; C$120,000) in management fees expense with the Company's chief financial officer (the "CFO"). As at December 31, 2023, unpaid remuneration and unpaid expenses in the amount of $171,733 (C$227,130) (December 31, 2022-$161,790; C$219,138) is included in accounts payable and $138,963 (C$183,789) (2022-$22,705; C$30,753) in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred interest expense of $nil C$nil (2022-$518; C$674) on the outstanding loan from the CFO.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred $103,496 (C$139,670) (2022-$107,216; C$139,386) in rent expense paid under a lease agreement, currently under a month-to-month lease with Haute Inc. ("Haute"), an Ontario company controlled by the CEO. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2023, a director's company, Travellers, converted a total of $278,845 (C$372,483) (2022-$nil; C$nil) of loans provided during the year and $300,156 (C$406,800) (2022-$33,371; C$45,200) of accounts payable owing to Travellers for 2,911,852 (2022-193,778) common shares.

For those independent directors providing their services throughout 2023, the Company recorded directors' compensation in the amount of $71,579 (C$96,597) (2022-$57,690; $75,000). As of December 31, 2023, outstanding directors' compensation of $197,186 (C$260,793) (2022-$121,226; C$164,196) is included in accrued liabilities, in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, during the year, the new independent director was awarded stock-based compensation consisting of 100,000 common shares of the Company, valued at $21,000 based on the trading price on his appointment. In the prior year, one of the independent directors was awarded stock-based compensation consisting of 750,000 common shares of the Company, valued at $105,750, based on the trading price on commencement of the consulting agreement, for services provided in developing certain contacts to further the Company's business opportunities. This amount is disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Furthermore, for the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized management stock-based compensation expense of $230,400 (2022-$240,450), on the common stock issued to the CEO and the CFO, 3,000,000 (2022-1,000,000) and 100,000 (2022-50,000) common stock respectively, on their executive consulting agreements and $2,880 (2022-$1,990) on 20,000 (2022-10,000) common stock issued to an employee. Of the 3,000,000 common shares issued to the CEO, 1,500,000 were fully vested at year-end.

form10kxu001.jpg
71

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

The aggregate fees billed by the Company's external auditors in each of the last two fiscal years are as follows:

  2023 2022
Audit fees(1) $47,000 $91,488
Audit-related fees(2) $36,000 $107,164
Tax fees $ - $33,292
All other fees(3) $250 $37,747
Total $83,250 $269,691
 

(1)

Audit fees consisted of the audit work on annual financial statements.

(2)

Audit-related fees consist principally of reviews of quarterly financial statements.

(3)

All other fees relate to tax filings other than income tax (2022-reviews of registration statements).

The Audit Committee Charter provides that the Audit Committee is responsible for the pre-approval of all audit and non-audit services to be provided to the Company by the independent public accountants. The Audit Committee has not, however, adopted any specific policies and procedures for the engagement of non-audit services.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

        (a) (1) Consolidated Financial Statements:

        The financial statements filed as part of this report are listed separately in the Index to Financial Statements.

        (a) (2) Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules:

        None

        (a) (3) Exhibits:

Exhibit No. Description
   
3.1 Form of Certificate of Incorporation of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Post Effective Amendments for Registration Statement filed with the SEC on June 7, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference).
   
3.2 Form of Bylaws of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's S-4/A filed with the SEC on December 23, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference).
   
4.1 Specimen Common Stock certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's S-4/A filed with the SEC on December 23, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference).
   
4.2 Description of Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's 10-K filed with the SEC on April 15, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
   
4.3 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on June 18, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on June 24, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
   
4.4 Mortgage Increase. (Filed as Exhibit 4.6 to the Registrant's Form 8-K. (filed with the SEC on August 20, 2021).
   
4.5 Mortgage dated August 17, 2021. (Filed as Exhibit 4.7 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on August 23, 2021)
 
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72
 
4.6 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on November 3, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.8 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on November 9, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
   
4.7 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on December 2, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.9 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on December 8, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
   
4.8 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on March 8, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.10 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022 and incorporated by reference).
   
4.9 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on March 8, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.11 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022 and incorporated by reference).
   
4.10 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on June 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.12 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 30, 2022 and incorporated by reference).
   
4.11 Amendments to the OID Convertible Promissory Notes, dated September 15, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.13 to the Registrant's Form 8-K Filed with the SEC on September 21, 2022.
   
4.12 Amendments to the OID Convertible Promissory notes, dated December 22, 2022 and December 29, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.14 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 5, 2023 and incorporated by reference).
   
4.13 Mortgage charge dated November 2, 2023, by R. Williamson Consultants Ltd., P.I.C.K.S. Inc., and 2654666 Ontario Inc., (the lenders) and SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., (the borrower-2nd mortgage) and 1684567 Ontario Inc., (collateral 3rd  mortgage).
   
4.14* Mortgage renewal/extension agreement dated December 1, 2023, between R. Williamson Consultants Limited., P.I.C.K.S. Inc., Canada Western Trust Company (107861, 107862, 107863, 111,831, 113116 and 117354), Giovanni and Assunta Paglia, Joanne Brocca, Steve Silvani and Katelyn, (the lenders) and 1684567 Ontario Inc., and SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd., (the borrowers) and SusGlobal Energy Corp., (the guarantor).
   
4.15* Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp., on April 12, 2024.
   
4.16* Promissory note between SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., and Marc Hazout, dated December 6, 2023.
   
4.17*

Promissory note between SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., and Marc Hazout, dated January 9, 2024.
   
4.18*

Mortgage agreement dated April 2, 2024 between R. Williamson Consultants Limited, P.I.C.K.S. Inc., and Treegrove Enterprises Inc., (the lenders) and 1684567 Ontario Inc., (the borrower).
   
10.1 Loan/Mortgage Commitment between Table Rock Holdings Inc., 1916761 Ontario Limited and D&D Brannan Consultants Inc., (the lenders) and 1684567 Ontario Inc., and SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd. (the borrowers) and SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the guarantor) (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 14, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).)
   
10.2 General Security Agreement between Table Rock Holdings Inc., P.I.C.K.S. Inc., Canadian Western Trust Company, Giovanni and Assunta Paglia, Bob MacNelly and Shanna Young (the Secured Party), 1684567 Ontario Inc. (the Debtor) and SusGlobal Energy Corp., (the Guarantor) (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 7, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).).
   
10.3 Guarantee by and between SusGlobal Energy Corp., and Private Lenders, dated August 13, 2021. (Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 20, 2021).
   
10.4 Form of Consulting Agreement between SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., and Investors. (Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 9, 2021).
   
10.5 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, effective March 8, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022).
   
10.6 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, signed in June 2022 (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 30, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference).
   
10.7** Executive Chairman Consulting Agreement between SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., Travellers International Inc. and Marc Hazout effective January 1, 2023.
   
10.8** Executive Consulting Agreement between SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., and Ike Makrimichalos effective January 1, 2023.
   
10.9** Mortgage Commitment between R. Williamson Consultants Limited., P.I.C.K.S. Inc., and Canadian Western Trust Company (the lenders") and 1684567 Ontario Inc. (the "borrower") and SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the "guarantor"), on March 1, 2023.
 
form10kxu001.jpg
73

 

10.11 Purchase of land by and between Snave Holdings Ltd., (the vendor) and SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., (the purchaser) on November 2, 2023 (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 14, 2023 and incorporated by reference).
   
10.12 Mortgage commitment by and between Snave Holdings Ltd, (the lender) and SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., (the borrower) dated November 2, 2023 (Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 14, 2023 and incorporated by reference).
   
10.13 Mortgage commitment by and between R. Williamson Consultants Limited, P.I.C.K.S. Inc., and 2654666 Ontario Inc., (the lenders) and 1684567 Ontario Inc., (the borrower) and SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., (the guarantor) on November 2, 2023 for the land purchase (Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 14, 2023 and incorporated by reference).
   
10.14* Form of Securities Purchase Agreement dated April 12, 2024.
   
14.1 Code of Ethics. (Filed as Exhibit 14.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 1, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
   
21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 21 to the Registrant's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 14, 2022).
   
31.1* Certification by the Principal Executive Officer of Registrant pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)).
   
32.1* Certification by the Principal Financial Officer of Registrant pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)).
   
32+

Certification by the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002.
   
101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document-the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File as its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
   
101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   
101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
   
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
 

*

Filed herewith.

**

Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

+

In accordance with SEC Release 33-8238, Exhibit 32 is being furnished and not filed.
 
form10kxu001.jpg
74

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

  SUSGLOBAL ENERGY CORP.
 

May 15, 2024

 By: /s/ Marc Hazout
    Marc Hazout
    Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
     
     

May 15, 2024

 By: /s/ Ike Makrimichalos
    Ike Makrimichalos
    Chief Financial Officer (Principal
    Financial and Accounting Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature   Title   Date
         
/s/ Marc Hazout   Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer  

May 15, 2024
Marc Hazout   (principal executive officer) and Director    
         
         
/s/ Ike Makrimichalos   Chief Financial Officer  

May 15, 2024
Ike Makrimichalos   (principal financial and accounting officer)    
         
         
/s/ Andrea Calla   Director  

May 15, 2024
Andrea Calla        
         
         
/s/ Gary Herman   Director  

May 15, 2024
Gary Herman        
         
         
/s/ Susan Harte   Director  

May 15, 2024
Susan Harte        
         
         
/s/ Bruce Rintoul   Director  

May 15, 2024
Bruce Rintoul        
 

 

 

form10kxu001.jpg
75
EX-4.13 2 exhibit4-13.htm EXHIBIT 4.13 SusGlobal Energy Corp.: Exhibit 4.13 - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

MORTGAGE RENEWAL/EXTENSION AGREEMENT

1. By a FIRST Charge/Mortgage of Land registered in the Land Registry Office for the Land Titles Division of Hastings on the property legally described as Pt Lot 20, Con 8, being Parts 25, 27, 29, 21R6801 (PIN 40532-0041LT); and Pt Lot 20, Con 8, being Part 1, 21R19513 (PIN 40532-0032LT); and Pt Lot 20, Con 8, being Part 1, 21R18453 (PIN 40532-0031LT); and Pt Lot 20, Con 8, being Part 2, 21R19513 (PIN 40532-0033LT), on the 13th day of August, 2021 as Instrument No. HT294003 (Assignment of Rents HT294004). AND WHEREAS a portion of this mortgage was transferred from Shanna Young and Bob MacNelly to Canadian Western Trust Company and Katelyn Edwards by Transfer of Charge registered as HT301301 on November 30, 2021:

1684567 ONTARIO INC.

gave a Charge/Mortgage upon the lands described herein in favour of:

CANADIAN WESTERN TRUST COMPANY (107862); CANADIAN WESTERN TRUST COMPANY (107861); CANADIAN WESTERN TRUST COMPANY (107863);

CANADIAN WESTERN TRUST COMPANY (117354); CANADIAN WESTERN TRUST COMPANY (113116); CANADIAN WESTERN TRUST COMPANY (111831);

R. WILLIAMSON CONSULTANTS LTD; P.I.C.KS. INC.; PAGLIA, GIOVANNI; PAGLIA, ASSUNTA; BROCCA, JOANNE; SILVANI, STEVE; EDWARDS, KATELYN;

to secure the payment of the principal sum of FIVE MILLION TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS ($5,200,000.00) with interest as therein set out upon the terms therein mentioned.

The said Mortgage was renewed by Renewal Agreement registered as Instrument No. HT320350 on October 6th, 2022.

2. The principal sum of FIVE MILLION TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS ($5,200,000.00) (the "Original Principal Amount") still remains due and owing to the Mortgagee;

3. The parties hereto signing as Mortgagor and Mortgagee have agreed to vary certain terms of the said Charge/Mortgage as hereinafter set out.

The said Charge/Mortgage is hereby amended from and including the 1ST day of December, 2023 as follows:

.../2

- 2 -

a. The sum of FOUR HUNDRED SIXTEEN THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY NINE THOUSAND DOLLARS SEVENTY TWO CENTS ($416,279.72) is to be added to the Original Principal Amount. This amount is made up of compounded interest in the amount of ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED THIRTY SIX THOUSAND DOLLARS ELEVEN CENTS ($180,736.11), the current Consultant fee of FIFTY EIGHT THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED SIXTY DOLLARS ($58,760.00) (HST inclusive) and three month's payments totaling ONE HUNDRED SEVENTY SIX THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY THREE DOLLARS SIXTY ONE CENTS ($176,783.61). Therefore, the new Principal amount is now FIVE MILLION SIX HUNDRED SIXTEEN THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY NINE DOLLARS SEVENTY TWO CENTS ($5,616,279.72) ("New Principal Amount");

b. The new monthly payment of FIFTY EIGHT THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED TWENTY SEVEN DOLLARS EIGHTY SEVEN CENT ($58,927.87) is calculated on $5,439,496.11 being the New Principal Amount less the said three month's interest payments of $176,783.61;

c. Should the said three month's interest payments of $ 176,783.61 not be made on the third month anniversary date herein of March 1, 2024, then the monthly payments will be based on the New Principal amount of $ 5,616,279.72 making the monthly payments $60,843.03;

d. Should the sum of $176,783.61 be paid on March 1st, 2024, then the New Principal Amount of the mortgage will be amended by an amending agreement to reflect the principal amount of $5,439,496.11;

e. The Interest Rate shall now be THIRTEEN PER CENT (13%);

f. the Maturity Date and Last Payment Date shall now be June 1st, 2024;

In all other respects the parties hereto confirm the terms and conditions contained in the aforesaid Charge/Mortgage.

PROVIDED that nothing herein contained shall create any merger or alter the rights of the Mortgagee as against any subsequent encumbrancer or other person interested in the said lands, nor affect the liability of any person not a party hereto who may be liable to pay the said mortgage money or the rights of any such person all of which rights are hereby reserved.

.../3

- 3 -

In construing this document, the words "Mortgagor" and "Mortgagee" and all personal pronouns shall be read as the number and gender of the party or parties referred to herein requires and all necessary grammatical changes, as the context requires, shall be deemed to be made.

The provisions of this document shall enure to and be binding upon the executors, administrators, successors and assigns of each party and all covenants, liabilities and obligations shall be joint and several.

**SIGNATURE PAGE TO FOLLOW**

.../4

- 4 -

Dated this 1st day of December, 2023    
    1684567 ONTARIO INC. 
    (Mortgagor)
    Per:
     
    Marc Hazout, A.S.O.
    I have the authority to bind the corp.
     
Dated this 1st day of December, 2023    
     

R. Williamson Consultants Limited

   P.I.C.K.S. Inc. 
(Mortgagee)   (Mortgagee)
Per:   Per:
     
Ron Williamson, A.S.O.   Bill Trotter, A.S.O.
I have the authority to bind the corp.   I have the authority to bind the Corp.
     
Canadian Western Trust Company   Canadian Western Trust Company
in trust for RRSP 107862 (Mortgagee)    in trust for RRSP 107863 (Mortgagee) 
Per:   Per:
     
Deborah Brannan (Planholder)   Christian Brannan (Planholder)
     
Canadian Western Trust Company   Canadian Western Trust Company 
in trust for RRSP 107861 (Mortgagee)   in trust for RRSP 117354 (formerly 110472)
    (Mortgagee)
Per:   Per:
     
David Brannan (Planholder)   Ejgil Iversen (Planholder)
     
Canadian Western Trust Company    
in trust for RRSP 113116 (Mortgagee)     
Per:   KATELYN EDWARDS (Mortgagee)
     
Kirsten Iversen (Planholder)    
     
     
GIOVANNI PAGLIA (Mortgagee)   ASSUNTA PAGLIA (Mortgagee)
     
     
JOANNE BROCCA (Mortgagee)   STEVE SILVANI (Mortgagee)

EX-4.14 3 exhibit4-14.htm EXHIBIT 4.14 SusGlobal Energy Corp.: Exhibit 4.14 - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

 

LRO # 62 Charge/Mortgage Receipted as WE1708028 on 2023 11 02 at 15:55
The applicant(s) hereby applies to the Land Registrar. yyy mm dd Page 1 of 6

Properties
PIN 17566 - 0052 LT Interest/Estate Fee Simple
Description PT LT 28 CON 1 SALTFLEET BEING PTS 9,10 & 28 PL 62R15125; CITY OF HAMILTON
Address 490 NASH ROAD NORTH
  HAMILTON

Chargor(s)

The chargor(s) hereby charges the land to the chargee(s). The chargor(s) acknowledges the receipt of the charge and the standard charge terms, if any.

Name

SUSGLOBAL ENERGY CANADA CORP.

Address for Service

200 Davenport Road, Toronto, Ontario,

 

M5R 1J2

A person or persons with authority to bind the corporation has/have consented to the registration of this document.

This document is not authorized under Power of Attorney by this party.

Chargee(s)   Capacity Share
Name R. WILLIAMSON CONSULTANTS LIMITED   350000/105000
0
Address for Service 86 Carrick Trail, Gravenhurst, Ontario, P1P 0A6    
       
Name P.I.C.K.S. INC.   350000/105000
0
       
Address for Service 1-85 West Wilmot Street, Richmond Hill, Ontario L4B 1K7    
       
Name 2654666 ONTARIO INC.   350000/105000
      0
Address for Service 98-83 Mondeo Drive, Scarborough, Ontario, M1P 5B6    
Statements

Schedule: See Schedules

Provisions
Principal $1,050,000.00 Currency    CDN  
Calculation Period monthly    
Balance Due Date 2024/11/02    
Interest Rate 13% per annum    
Payments $11,375.00    
Interest Adjustment Date 2023 11 02    
Payment Date 2nd day, monthly    
First Payment Date 2023 12 02    
Last Payment Date 2024 11 02    
Standard Charge Terms 200033    
Insurance Amount Full insurable value    
Guarantor 1684567 Ontario Inc.    

Signed By

Timothy Alex Petrou

200-9100 Jane Street, Building A

acting for

Signed 2023 10 30

 

 

Vaughan

Chargor(s)

 

 

 

L4K 0A4

 

 

Tel

905-695-5300

 

 

 

Fax

905-695-5301

 

 

 

I have the authority to sign and register the document on behalf of the Chargor(s).

 

 

Submitted By

CIRILLO PETROU LAW PROFESSIONAL

200-9100 Jane Street, Building A

2023 11 02

CORPORATION

Vaughan

 

 

 

L4K 0A4

 

Tel

905-695-5300

 

 

LRO # 62 Charge/Mortgage Receipted as WE1708028 on 2023 11 02 at 15:55
The applicant(s) hereby applies to the Land Registrar. yyyy mm dd Page 2 of 6

Submitted By

Fax 905-695-5301

Fees/Taxes/Payment

Statutory Registration Fee

$69.00

Total Paid

$69.00

File Number

Chargee Client File Number :

10362-23

ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS

1. POST-DATED CHEQUES

PROVIDED that the Chargors do hereby covenant and agree to provide to the each of the Chargees, upon the execution of this mortgage and thereafter during the term of this mortgage, a series of post-dated cheques each in the amount of the monthly installment due hereunder for the duration of the term of this mortgage as set out herein.

2. SALES CLAUSE

PROVIDED that if the Chargor, at any time, shall sell, transfer, convey or otherwise dispose of the herein described lands and building(s) without the prior consent of the Chargee at the Chargee's option, the within mortgage shall immediately become due and payable in full including interest to the maturity date of the mortgage herein set forth.

3. BY-LAW CONFORMITY AND OCCUPANCY CLAUSE

PROVIDED that if at any time, the said property and/or the building(s) located on the said property, do not comply with the municipal by-laws, or the by-laws of any other level of government and/or the building becomes unoccupied, then in either of these events the balance of the principal monies hereby secured, together with interest as herein provided shall forthwith become due and payable upon demand. PROVIDED further that nothing herein shall be construed so as to permit the Chargor the privilege of prepaying the said mortgage in whole or in part.

4. ADMINISTRATIVE FEES

a. In the event it is necessary for the Chargee to have a letter sent by the Chargee's solicitor to the Chargor because of default or non-payment, then the Chargor shall be charged the sum of $250.00 plus applicable taxes for such letter and such sum shall be a charge on the said lands and shall bear interest at the rate herein stated.

b. In the event of any of the Chargor's post-dated or pre-authorized cheques are not honoured when presented for payment to the Bank or Trust Company on which they are drawn, the Chargor shall pay to each of the Chargees for each such returned cheque the sum of $250.00 plus applicable taxes as a liquidated amount to cover each of the Chargees' administration costs and not as a penalty and such sum shall be a charge upon the said lands and shall bear interest at the rate hereinbefore stated.

c. In the event that the Chargor fails to provide proof of insurance on an annual basis, the Chargee is entitled to charge the Chargor the sum of $250.00 plus applicable taxes as an administrative fee.

d. Failure to provide post-dated cheques will result in default and the Chargee will be entitled to charge the Chargor the sum of $250.00 plus applicable taxes and in addition will be entitled to commence default proceedings at the expense of the Chargor with all costs including but not limited to legal fees on a solicitor and client basis to be added to the principal balance then outstanding as of the date the bill is submitted to the Chargee.

 

5. ADMINISTRATION FEES

a. In the event that the Chargee is required by the Chargor or is otherwise required to provide a mortgage statement, there shall be an administrative fee of $250.00 plus applicable taxes for each such statement.

b. The Chargee shall have the exclusive right to prepare and execute the Discharge of the Charge/Mortgage of Land. The Chargor shall pay an additional $350.00 plus applicable taxes to the chargee as an administrative fee for the preparation of the said Discharge of Charge.

6. PREPAYMENT

Provided that the Chargors are not in default herein, the Chargors have the right to prepay the whole amount of the principal herein then outstanding, upon a payment of TWO (2) months' interest on the principal being prepaid as of the date of prepayment, as a bonus and not as a penalty.

7. INTEREST CALCULATION

For the purpose of calculation of interest, any payment of principal received after 1:00 p.m. shall be deemed to have been received on the next following banking day.

8. RENT AND MANAGEMENT

PROVIDED also, and it is hereby further agreed by and between the Chargor and the Chargee, that should default be made by the Chargor in the observance or performance of any of the covenants, provisos, agreements or conditions contained in this Mortgage, the Chargee reserves the right to enter into the said lands and premises and to receive the rents and profits and to be entitled to receive in addition to all other fees, charges and disbursements to which the Chargee is entitled, a management fee so as to reimburse the Chargee for reasonable time and trouble in the management of the said lands and premises it being understood and agreed that in the circumstances a management fee equal to $100.00 plus applicable taxes per day is a just and equitable fee, having regard to all of the circumstances.

9. MATRIMONIAL HOME

PROVIDED that in the event that any part of the properties herein becomes the matrimonial home of either of the Chargors herein, then the monies secured hereby shall become due and payable unless the spouse of such party consents to this mortgage and releases to the Chargee his or her interest herein.

10. EXPROPRIATION

PROVIDED that if the said lands shall be expropriated by any government, authority, body or corporation clothed with the powers of expropriation, the amount of the principal hereby secured remaining unpaid shall forthwith become due and payable together with interest at the said rate to the date of payment and together with a bonus equal to the sum of three months interest at the said rate calculated on the remaining principal balance from the said date of payment to the date the said principal sum or balance thereof remaining unpaid would otherwise under the provision of this mortgage become due and payable.

11. DEFAULT PROCEEDINGS

The Chargor agrees that should the Chargee commence legal action due to default under the Charge/Mortgage of Land that the Chargee shall be entitled to charge an additional fee equivalent to three months interest.

12. DEFAULT OF OTHER CHARGES

In the event that the Chargor is in default in any other Charge/Mortgage of Land registered against the property herein charged, the Chargor shall be deemed to be in default under this Mortgage and the Chargee shall have all of the remedies contained herein for a default under this Charge/Mortgage of Land.

13. SEVERABILITY

Should any clause and/or clauses contained in the Charge/Mortgage of Land be found to be illegal, void as against public policy or unenforceable in law, the offending clause or clauses as the case may be, is and or are to be severed from this Charge/Mortgage of Land and deemed never to be part of this Charge/Mortgage of Land.

14. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Chargor covenants and agrees that if collection or other legal proceedings are taken in connection with or to realize upon this security, an administrative fee of $3,500.00 plus applicable taxes shall be added to the Charge debt on each occasion such proceedings are so taken and said fee or fees, shall form a Charge upon the charged property in favour of the Chargee.

GUARANTORS CLAUSE

The Guarantor, in consideration of such advance or advances as the mortgagee may make under this mortgage and in consideration of the sum of One ($1.00) Dollar now paid to him by the mortgagee, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged:

1. Hereby covenants and agrees with the mortgagee, as principal debtor and not as surety, to well and truly pay or cause to be paid to the mortgagee the principal money, interest, taxes and all other monies which the mortgagor has by this mortgage covenanted to pay to the mortgagee or which are secured by this mortgage or intended so to be secured, the said payments to be made on the days and times and in the manner provided for in this mortgage;

2. Hereby further covenants and agrees to keep, observe and perform the covenants, terms, provisos, stipulations and conditions of this mortgage which are to be kept, observed and performed by the mortgagor and at all times to indemnify, protect and save harmless the mortgagee from all loss, costs and damage in respect of the advances of the mortgage money and every matter and thing contained in this mortgage;

3. Further agrees that the mortgagee may from time to time without notice to him extend the time for payment of all monies secured by this mortgage, amend the terms and times of payment and the rate of interest with respect to the said monies refrain from enforcing payment of the said monies, release any portion or portions of the mortgaged premises and waive or vary any of the covenants and conditions in this mortgage to be kept observed and performed by the mortgagor and grant any indulgence to the mortgagor in respect of any default by the mortgagor which may arise under this mortgage, and that notwithstanding any such act by the mortgagee, the guarantor shall be bound by the provisions of this mortgage until all of the monies secured under this said mortgage shall have been fully paid and satisfied;

4. Further acknowledges that the mortgagee may at any time grant or refuse any additional credit to the mortgagor, accept or release or renounce any collateral or other security, administer or otherwise deal with the land and premises described in this mortgage, take an assignment of the rentals with respect to the said lands and premises and apply any and all monies at any time received from the mortgagor or from any other person or from the proceeds of any securities given in connection with this mortgage in any manner the mortgagee may deem appropriate. The mortgagee may also utilize any and all insurance proceeds in reduction of the principal monies and interest secured, by this mortgage or for the refurbishing of the lands and premises or in any other manner that the mortgagee may in its absolute discretion deem advisable.

5. Agrees that all of the matters mentioned herein may be performed by the mortgagee without notice to him, the guarantor, without releasing or in any way modifying, altering, varying or in any way affecting the liability of the guarantor hereunder; and

6. Agrees that all of the covenants and agreements of him the guarantor, contained herein shall be binding upon him and his respective heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns and shall accrue to the benefit of the mortgagee, its successors and assigns and that his liability as guarantor hereunder and the liability of his executors, administrators and assigns shall be joint and several.

Collateral Provisions

The Chargor and Chargee herein agree that this Charge is given as collateral security to a charge of even date, with identical terms and conditions, made by 1684567 ONTARIO INC., as Chargor, in favour of R. WILLIAMSON CONSULTANTS LTD., P.I.C.K.S. INC., and 2654666 ONTAIRO INC., as Chargee, and registered against the lands and premises legally described as 704 Phillipston Road, Belleville and 704 Phillipston Rd., Roslin (PINS 40532- 0041LT; 40532-0032LT; 40532-0031LT; 40532-0033LT) ("Phillipston Charge").

PROVIDED that all payments made under the said Phillipston Charge shall constitute payments under the charge herein and all payments made under the charge herein shall constitute payments under the said Phillipston Charge. Upon payment of the principal and interest secured hereunder in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof, a discharge of charge/mortgage shall be given to the Chargor by the Chargee in respect of the charge herein and the Phillipston Charge.

 EX-4.15 4 exhibit4-15.htm EXHIBIT 4.15 SusGlobal Energy Corp.: Exhibit 4.15 - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

NEITHER THE ISSUANCE AND SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS PROMISSORY NOTE NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THESE SECURITIES ARE CONVERTIBLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I) IN THE ABSENCE OF (A) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL (WHICH COUNSEL SHALL BE SELECTED BY THE HOLDER), IN A GENERALLY ACCEPTABLE FORM, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II) UNLESS SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 OR RULE 144A UNDER SAID ACT OR OTHER APPLICABLE EXEMPTION. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY THE SECURITIES.

Principal Amount: US$120,000.00

Issue Date: April 12, 2024

Purchase Price: US$108,000.00

 

PROMISSORY NOTE

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, SUSGLOBAL ENERGY CORP., a Delaware corporation (hereinafter called the "Borrower") (Trading Symbol: SNRG), hereby promises to pay to the order of AJB Capital Investments LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, or registered assigns (the "Holder") the sum of US$120,000.00 (the "Principal") together with guaranteed interest (the "Interest") on the Principal balance hereof in the amount of ten percent (10%) (the "Interest Rate") per calendar year from the date hereof (the "Issue Date"). All Principal and Interest owing hereunder, along with any and all other amounts, shall be due and owing on October 12, 2024 (the "Maturity Date"). Interest shall accrue on a monthly basis and is payable on the Maturity Date or upon acceleration or by prepayment or otherwise. For the avoidance of doubt, payment of all Principal and Interest shall be due on the Maturity Date. This Note may be prepaid in whole or in part as set forth herein. Any amount of Principal or Interest on this Note which is not paid when due shall bear interest at the rate of the lesser of (i) eighteen percent (18%) per annum and (ii) the maximum amount permitted under law from the due date thereof until the same is paid (the "Default Interest"). Default Interest shall commence accruing upon an Event of Default and shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year and the actual number of days elapsed. All payments due hereunder (to the extent not converted into common stock of the Borrower, $0.0001 par value per share (the "Common Stock") in accordance with the terms hereof) shall be made in lawful money of the United States of America. All payments shall be made at such address as the Holder shall hereafter give to the Borrower by written notice made in accordance with the provisions of this Note. Whenever any amount expressed to be due by the terms of this Note is due on any day which is not a business day, the same shall instead be due on the next succeeding day which is a business day and, in the case of any interest payment date which is not the date on which this Note is paid in full, the extension of the due date thereof shall not be taken into account for purposes of determining the amount of interest due on such date. As used in this Note, the term "business day" shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a day on which commercial banks in the city of New York, New York are authorized or required by law or executive order to remain closed.

 

Each capitalized term used herein, and not otherwise defined, shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in that certain Securities Purchase Agreement dated the date hereof, pursuant to which this Note was originally issued (the "Purchase Agreement").

This Note carries an original issue discount of $12,000 (the "OID"), to cover the Holder's monitoring costs associated with the purchase and sale of the Note, which is included in the principal balance of this Note. Thus, the purchase price of this Note shall be $108,000 computed as follows: the Principal Amount minus the OID.

This Note is free from all taxes, liens, claims and encumbrances with respect to the issue thereof and shall not be subject to preemptive rights or other similar rights of shareholders of the Borrower and will not impose personal liability upon the holder thereof.

The following terms shall also apply to this Note:

ARTICLE I. CONVERSION RIGHTS ONLY UPON EVENT OF DEFAULT

1.1 Conversion Right. The Holder shall have the right from time to time only following an Event of Default, and ending on the date of payment of the Default Amount (as defined in Article III) pursuant to Section 1.6(a) or Article III, each in respect of the remaining outstanding principal amount of this Note to convert all or any part of the outstanding and unpaid principal, interest, penalties, and all other amounts under this Note into fully paid and non- assessable shares of Common Stock, as such Common Stock exists on the Issue Date, or any shares of capital stock or other securities of the Borrower into which such Common Stock shall hereafter be changed or reclassified at the Conversion Price (as defined below) determined as provided herein (a "Conversion"); provided, however, that in no event shall the Holder be entitled to convert any portion of this Note in excess of that portion of this Note upon conversion of which the sum of (1) the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its affiliates (other than shares of Common Stock which may be deemed beneficially owned through the ownership of the unconverted portion of the Notes or the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other security of the Borrower subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitations contained herein) and (2) the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of the portion of this Note with respect to which the determination of this proviso is being made, would result in beneficial ownership by the Holder and its affiliates of more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (provided, further, however, that this ownership restriction may be waived by the Holder, in whole or in part, upon sixty-one (61) days' prior written notice). For purposes of the proviso to the immediately preceding sentence, beneficial ownership shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and Regulations 13D-G thereunder, except as otherwise provided in clause (1) of such proviso. The number of shares of Common Stock to be issued upon each conversion of this Note shall be determined by dividing the Conversion Amount (as defined below) by the applicable Conversion Price then in effect on the date specified in the notice of conversion, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the "Notice of Conversion"), delivered to the Borrower or Borrower's transfer agent by the Holder in accordance with Section 1.4 below; provided that the Notice of Conversion is submitted by facsimile or e-mail (or by other means resulting in, or reasonably expected to result in, notice) to the Borrower or Borrower's transfer agent before 11:59 p.m., New York, New York time on such conversion date (the "Conversion Date"). The term "Conversion Amount" means, with respect to any conversion of this Note, the sum of (1) the principal amount of this Note to be converted in such conversion plus (2) at the Holder's option, accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on such principal amount at the interest rates provided in this Note to the Conversion Date, provided however, that the Borrower shall have the right to pay any or all interest in cash plus (3) at the Holder's option, Default Interest, if any, on the amounts referred to in the immediately preceding clauses (1) and/or (2) plus (4) at the Holder's option, any amounts owed to the Holder pursuant to Sections 1.3 and 1.4(g) hereof. 

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1.2 Conversion Price.

(a) Calculation of Conversion Price. Subject to the adjustments described herein, the conversion price (the "Conversion Price") only following an Event of Default shall equal the lesser of 90% (representing a 10% discount) multiplied by the lowest trading price (i) during the previous twenty (20) Trading Day period ending on the Issuance Date, or (ii) during the previous twenty (20) Trading Day period ending on date of conversion of this Note. To the extent the Conversion Price of the Borrower's Common Stock closes below the par value per share, the Borrower will take all steps necessary to solicit the consent of the stockholders to reduce the par value to the lowest value possible under law. The Borrower agrees to honor all conversions submitted pending this adjustment. If the shares of the Borrower's Common Stock have not been delivered within three (3) business days to the Borrower or Borrower's transfer agent, the Notice of Conversion may be rescinded. At any time after the Closing Date, if in the case that the Borrower's Common Stock is not deliverable by DWAC (including if the Borrower's transfer agent has a policy prohibiting or limiting delivery of shares of the Borrower's Common Stock specified in a Notice of Conversion), an additional 10% discount will apply for all future conversions under all Notes until DWAC delivery becomes available. If in the case that the Borrower's Common Stock is "chilled" for deposit into the DTC system and only eligible for clearing deposit, an additional 15% discount shall apply for all future conversions under all Note until such chill is lifted. Additionally, if the Borrower ceases to be a reporting company pursuant to the 1934 Act or if the Note cannot be converted into free trading shares after one hundred eighty- one (181) days from the Issue Date (other than as a result of the Holder's status as an affiliate of the Company), an additional 15% discount will be attributed to the Conversion Price. If the trading price cannot be calculated for such security on such date in the manner provided above, the trading price shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Borrower and the Holder. "Trading Day" shall mean any day on which the Common Stock is tradable for any period on the OTCQB Market (the "OTCQB") or on the principal securities exchange or other securities market on which the Common Stock is then being traded. The Borrower shall be responsible for the fees of its transfer agent and all DTC fees associated with any such issuance. Holder shall be entitled to deduct $500.00 from the conversion amount in each Notice of Conversion to cover Holder's deposit fees associated with each Notice of Conversion.

While this Note is outstanding, each time any third party has the right to convert monies owed to that third party into Common Stock (or receive shares pursuant to a settlement or otherwise), including but not limited to under Section 3(a)(9) and Section 3(a)(10), at a discount to market greater than the Conversion Price in effect at that time (prior to all other applicable adjustments in the Note), then the Holder, in Holder's sole discretion, may utilize such greater discount percentage (prior to all applicable adjustments in this Note) until this Note is no longer outstanding. While this Note is outstanding, each time any third party has a look back period greater than the look back period in effect under the Note at that time, including but not limited to under Section 3(a)(9) and Section 3(a)(10), then the Holder, in Holder's sole discretion, may utilize such greater number of look back days until this Note is no longer outstanding. The Borrower shall give written notice to the Holder within one (1) business day of becoming aware of any event that could permit the Holder to make any adjustment described in the two immediately preceding sentences.

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(b) Conversion Price During Major Announcements. Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 1.2(a) to the contrary, in the event the Borrower (i) makes a public announcement that it intends to consolidate or merge with any other corporation (other than a merger in which the Borrower is the surviving or continuing corporation and its capital stock is unchanged) or sell or transfer all or substantially all of the assets of the Borrower or (ii) any person, group or entity (including the Borrower) publicly announces a tender offer to purchase 50% or more of the Borrower's Common Stock (or any other takeover scheme) (the date of the announcement referred to in clause (i) or (ii) is hereinafter referred to as the "Announcement Date"), then the Conversion Price shall, effective upon the Announcement Date and continuing through the Adjusted Conversion Price Termination Date (as defined below), be equal to the lower of (x) the Conversion Price which would have been applicable for a Conversion occurring on the Announcement Date and (y) the Conversion Price that would otherwise be in effect. From and after the Adjusted Conversion Price Termination Date, the Conversion Price shall be determined as set forth in this Section 1.2(b). For purposes hereof, "Adjusted Conversion Price Termination Date" shall mean, with respect to any proposed transaction or tender offer (or takeover scheme) for which a public announcement as contemplated by this Section 1.2(b) has been made, the date upon which the Borrower (in the case of clause (i) above) or the person, group or entity (in the case of clause (ii) above) consummates or publicly announces the termination or abandonment of the proposed transaction or tender offer (or takeover scheme) which caused this Section 1.2(b) to become operative.

(c) Pro Rata Conversion; Disputes. In the event of a dispute as to the number of shares of Common Stock issuable to the Holder in connection with a conversion of this Note, the Borrower shall issue to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock not in dispute and resolve such dispute in accordance with Section 4.13.

If at any time the Conversion Price as determined hereunder for any conversion would be less than the par value of the Common Stock, then the Conversion Price hereunder shall equal such par value for such conversion and the Conversion Amount for such conversion shall be increased to include Additional Principal, where "Additional Principal" means such additional amount to be added to the Conversion Amount to the extent necessary to cause the number of conversion shares issuable upon such conversion to equal the same number of conversion shares as would have been issued had the Conversion Price not been subject to the minimum price set forth in this Section 1.2(c).

1.3 Authorized Shares. The Borrower covenants that during the period while any outstanding balance is owing hereunder or any conversion of the Note is available, the Borrower will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares, free from preemptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of this Note issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. The Borrower is required at all times to have authorized and reserved four (4) times the number of shares that is actually issuable upon full conversion of the Note (based on the Conversion Price of the Notes in effect from time to time) (the "Reserved Amount"), provided, for the avoidance of doubt, the initial Reserved Amount shall be 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock. The Reserved Amount shall be increased from time to time in accordance with the Borrower's obligations pursuant to Section 3(d) of the Purchase Agreement. The Borrower represents that upon issuance, such shares will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. In addition, if the Borrower shall issue any securities or make any change to its capital structure which would change the number of shares of Common Stock into which the Notes shall be convertible at the then current Conversion Price, the Borrower shall at the same time make proper provision so that thereafter there shall be a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock authorized and reserved, free from preemptive rights, for conversion of the outstanding Notes. The Borrower (i) acknowledges that it has irrevocably instructed its transfer agent to issue certificates for the Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note, and (ii) agrees that its issuance of this Note shall constitute full authority to its officers and agents who are charged with the duty of executing stock certificates to execute and issue the necessary certificates for shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Note. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the Reserved Amount be lower than the initial Reserved Amount, regardless of any prior conversions.

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If, at any time the Borrower does not maintain or replenish the Reserved Amount as required hereunder within three (3) business days of the request of the Holder, the principal amount of the Note shall increase by Five Thousand and No/100 United States Dollars ($5,000) (under Holder's and Borrower's expectation that any principal amount increase will tack back to the Issue Date) per occurrence.

1.4 Method of Conversion.

(a) Mechanics of Conversion. Subject to Section 1.1, this Note may be converted by the Holder in whole or in part at any time from time to time after an Event of Default, by (A) submitting to the Borrower or Borrower's transfer agent a Notice of Conversion (by facsimile, e-mail or other reasonable means of communication dispatched on the Conversion Date prior to 11:59 p.m., New York, New York time) and (B) subject to Section 1.4(b), surrendering this Note at the principal office of the Borrower.

(b) Surrender of Note Upon Conversion. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, upon conversion of this Note in accordance with the terms hereof, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Note to the Borrower unless the entire unpaid principal amount of this Note is so converted. The Holder and the Borrower shall maintain records showing the principal amount so converted and the dates of such conversions or shall use such other method, reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and the Borrower, so as not to require physical surrender of this Note upon each such conversion. In the event of any dispute or discrepancy, such records of the Borrower shall, prima facie, be controlling and determinative in the absence of manifest error. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any portion of this Note is converted as aforesaid, the Holder may not transfer this Note unless the Holder first physically surrenders this Note to the Borrower, whereupon the Borrower will forthwith issue and deliver upon the order of the Holder a new Note of like tenor, registered as the Holder (upon payment by the Holder of any applicable transfer taxes) may request, representing in the aggregate the remaining unpaid principal amount of this Note. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Note, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following conversion of a portion of this Note, the unpaid and unconverted principal amount of this Note represented by this Note may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

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(c) Payment of Taxes. The Borrower shall not be required to pay any tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issue and delivery of shares of Common Stock or other securities or property on conversion of this Note in a name other than that of the Holder (or in street name), and the Borrower shall not be required to issue or deliver any such shares or other securities or property unless and until the person or persons (other than the Holder or the custodian in whose street name such shares are to be held for the Holder's account) requesting the issuance thereof shall have paid to the Borrower the amount of any such tax or shall have established to the satisfaction of the Borrower that such tax has been paid.

(d) Delivery of Common Stock Upon Conversion. Upon receipt by the Borrower from the Holder of a facsimile transmission or e-mail (or other reasonable means of communication) of a Notice of Conversion meeting the requirements for conversion as provided in this Section 1.4, the Borrower shall issue and deliver or cause to be issued and delivered to or upon the order of the Holder certificates for the Common Stock issuable upon such conversion within three (3) business days after such receipt (the "Deadline") (and, solely in the case of conversion of the entire unpaid principal amount hereof, surrender of this Note) in accordance with the terms hereof and the Purchase Agreement.

(e) Obligation of Borrower to Deliver Common Stock. Upon receipt by the Borrower of a Notice of Conversion, the Holder shall be deemed to be the holder of record of the Common Stock issuable upon such conversion, the outstanding principal amount and the amount of accrued and unpaid interest on this Note shall be reduced to reflect such conversion, and, unless the Borrower defaults on its obligations under this Article I, all rights with respect to the portion of this Note being so converted shall forthwith terminate except the right to receive the Common Stock or other securities, cash or other assets, as herein provided, on such conversion. If the Holder shall have given a Notice of Conversion as provided herein, the Borrower's obligation to issue and deliver the certificates for Common Stock shall be absolute and unconditional, irrespective of the absence of any action by the Holder to enforce the same, any waiver or consent with respect to any provision thereof, the recovery of any judgment against any person or any action to enforce the same, any failure or delay in the enforcement of any other obligation of the Borrower to the holder of record, or any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, limitation or termination, or any breach or alleged breach by the Holder of any obligation to the Borrower, and irrespective of any other circumstance which might otherwise limit such obligation of the Borrower to the Holder in connection with such conversion. The Conversion Date specified in the Notice of Conversion shall be the Conversion Date so long as the Notice of Conversion is received by the Borrower before 11:59 p.m., New York, New York time, on such date.

(f) Delivery of Common Stock by Electronic Transfer. In lieu of delivering physical certificates representing the Common Stock issuable upon conversion, provided the Borrower is participating in the Depository Trust Company ("DTC") Fast Automated Securities Transfer ("FAST") program, upon request of the Holder and its compliance with the provisions contained in Section 1.1 and in this Section 1.4, the Borrower shall use its commercially reasonable best efforts to cause its transfer agent to electronically transmit the Common Stock issuable upon conversion to the Holder by crediting the account of Holder's Prime Broker with DTC through its Deposit Withdrawal At Custodian ("DWAC") system.

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(g) DTC Eligibility & Market Loss. If the Borrower fails to maintain its status as "DTC Eligible" for any reason, the principal amount of the Note shall increase by Five Thousand and No/100 United States Dollars ($5,000) (under Holder's and Borrower's expectation that any principal amount increase will tack back to the Issue Date) and the Conversion Price shall be redefined to mean seventy percent (70%) multiplied by the Conversion Price, subject to adjustment as provided in this Note.

(h) Failure to Deliver Common Stock Prior to Delivery Deadline. Without in any way limiting the Holder's right to pursue other remedies, including actual damages and/or equitable relief, the parties agree that if delivery of the Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note is not delivered by the Deadline (other than a failure due to the circumstances described in Section 1.3 above, which failure shall be governed by such Section) the Borrower shall pay to the Holder $1,000 per day in cash, for each day beyond the Deadline that the Borrower fails to deliver such Common Stock until the Borrower issues and delivers a certificate to the Holder or credit the Holder's balance account with DTC for the number of shares of Common Stock to which the Holder is entitled upon such Holder's conversion of any Conversion Amount (under Holder's and Borrower's expectation that any damages will tack back to the Issue Date). Such cash amount shall be paid to Holder by the fifth day of the month following the month in which it has accrued or, at the option of the Holder (by written notice to the Borrower by the first day of the month following the month in which it has accrued), shall be added to the principal amount of this Note, in which event interest shall accrue thereon in accordance with the terms of this Note and such additional principal amount shall be convertible into Common Stock in accordance with the terms of this Note. The Borrower agrees that the right to convert is a valuable right to the Holder. The damages resulting from a failure, attempt to frustrate, interference with such conversion right are difficult if not impossible to qualify. Accordingly, the parties acknowledge that the liquidated damages provision contained in this Section 1.4(h) are justified.

(i) Rescindment of a Notice of Conversion. If (i) the Borrower fails to respond to Holder within one (1) business day from the Conversion Date confirming the details of Notice of Conversion, (ii) the Borrower fails to provide any of the shares of the Borrower's Common Stock requested in the Notice of Conversion within three (3) business days from the date of receipt of the Note of Conversion, (iii) the Holder is unable to procure a legal opinion required to have the shares of the Borrower's Common Stock issued unrestricted and/or deposited to sell for any reason related to the Borrower's standing, (iv) the Holder is unable to deposit the shares of the Borrower's Common Stock requested in the Notice of Conversion for any reason related to the Borrower's standing, (v) at any time after a missed Deadline, at the Holder's sole discretion, or (vi) if OTC Markets changes the Borrower's designation to 'Limited Information' (Yield), 'No Information' (Stop Sign), 'Caveat Emptor' (Skull & Crossbones), 'OTC', 'Other OTC' or 'Grey Market' (Exclamation Mark Sign) or other trading restriction on the day of or any day after the Conversion Date, the Holder maintains the option and sole discretion to rescind the Notice of Conversion ("Rescindment") with a "Notice of Rescindment." 

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1.5 Concerning the Shares. The shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note may not be sold or transferred unless (i) such shares are sold pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Act or (ii) the Borrower or its transfer agent shall have been furnished with an opinion of counsel (which opinion shall be in form, substance and scope customary for opinions of counsel in comparable transactions) to the effect that the shares to be sold or transferred may be sold or transferred pursuant to an exemption from such registration or (iii) such shares are sold or transferred pursuant to Rule 144 under the Act (or a successor rule) ("Rule 144") or other applicable exemption or (iv) such shares are transferred to an "affiliate" (as defined in Rule 144) of the Holder who agrees to sell or otherwise transfer the shares only in accordance with this Section 1.5 and who is an Accredited Investor (as defined in the Purchase Agreement). Except as otherwise provided in the Purchase Agreement (and subject to the removal provisions set forth below), until such time as the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note have been registered under the Act or otherwise may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 or other applicable exemption without any restriction as to the number of securities as of a particular date that can then be immediately sold, each certificate for shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note that has not been so included in an effective registration statement or that has not been sold pursuant to an effective registration statement or an exemption that permits removal of the legend, shall bear a legend substantially in the following form, as appropriate:

"NEITHER THE ISSUANCE AND SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THESE SECURITIES ARE EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I) IN THE ABSENCE OF (A) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL (WHICH COUNSEL SHALL BE SELECTED BY THE HOLDER), IN A GENERALLY ACCEPTABLE FORM, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II) UNLESS SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 OR RULE 144A UNDER SAID ACT OR OTHER APPLICABLE EXEMPTION. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY THE SECURITIES."

The legend set forth above shall be removed and the Borrower shall issue to the Holder a new certificate therefore free of any transfer legend if (i) the Borrower or its transfer agent shall have received an opinion of counsel, in form, substance and scope customary for opinions of counsel in comparable transactions, to the effect that a public sale or transfer of such Common Stock may be made without registration under the Act, which opinion shall be reasonably accepted by the Borrower so that the sale or transfer is effected or (ii) in the case of the Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note, such security is registered for sale by the Holder under an effective registration statement filed under the Act or otherwise may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 or other applicable exemption without any restriction as to the number of securities as of a particular date that can then be immediately sold. In the event that the Borrower does not accept the opinion of counsel provided by the Holder with respect to the transfer of Securities pursuant to an exemption from registration, such as Rule 144 or Regulation S, at the Deadline, it will be considered an Event of Default pursuant to Section 3.2 of the Note.

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1.6 Effect of Certain Events.

(a) Effect of Merger, Consolidation, Etc. At the option of the Holder, the sale, conveyance or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Borrower, the effectuation by the Borrower of a transaction or series of related transactions in which more than 50% of the voting power of the Borrower is disposed of, or the consolidation, merger or other business combination of the Borrower with or into any other Person (as defined below) or Persons when the Borrower is not the survivor shall either: (i) be deemed to be an Event of Default (as defined in Article III) pursuant to which the Borrower shall be required to pay to the Holder upon the consummation of and as a condition to such transaction an amount equal to the Default Amount (as defined in Article III) or (ii) be treated pursuant to Section 1.6(b) hereof. "Person" shall mean any individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association, trust or other entity or organization.

(b) Adjustment Due to Merger, Consolidation, Etc. If, at any time when this Note is issued and outstanding and prior to its complete conversion, there shall be any merger, consolidation, exchange of shares, recapitalization, reorganization, or other similar event, as a result of which shares of Common Stock of the Borrower shall be changed into the same or a different number of shares of another class or classes of stock or securities of the Borrower or another entity, or in case of any sale or conveyance of all or substantially all of the assets of the Borrower other than in connection with a plan of complete liquidation of the Borrower, then the Holder of this Note shall thereafter have the right to receive upon conversion of this Note, upon the basis and upon the terms and conditions specified herein and in lieu of the shares of Common Stock immediately theretofore issuable upon conversion, such stock, securities or assets which the Holder would have been entitled to receive in such transaction had this Note been converted in full immediately prior to such transaction (without regard to any limitations on conversion set forth herein), and in any such case appropriate provisions shall be made with respect to the rights and interests of the Holder of this Note to the end that the provisions hereof (including, without limitation, provisions for adjustment of the Conversion Price and of the number of shares issuable upon conversion of the Note) shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as may be practicable in relation to any securities or assets thereafter deliverable upon the conversion hereof; except that, anything to the contrary in the preceding sentence notwithstanding, if the Company at any time while this Note is issued and outstanding and prior to its complete conversion combines (by combination, reverse stock split, or otherwise) one or more classes of its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, no adjustments to the Conversion Price of the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of this Note shall be made hereunder. The Borrower shall not affect any transaction described in this Section 1.6(b) unless (a) it first gives, to the extent practicable, fifteen (15) days prior written notice (but in any event at least ten (10) days prior written notice) of the record date of the special meeting of shareholders to approve, or if there is no such record date, the consummation of, such merger, consolidation, exchange of shares, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar event or sale of assets (during which time the Holder shall be entitled to convert this Note) and (b) the resulting successor or acquiring entity (if not the Borrower) assumes by written instrument the obligations of this Section 1.6(b). The above provisions shall similarly apply to successive consolidations, mergers, sales, transfers or share exchanges.

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(c) Adjustment Due to Distribution. If the Borrower shall declare or make any distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Common Stock as a dividend, stock repurchase, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including any dividend or distribution to the Borrower's shareholders in cash or shares (or rights to acquire shares) of capital stock of a subsidiary (i.e., a spin-off)) (a "Distribution"), then the Holder of this Note shall be entitled, upon any conversion of this Note after the date of record for determining shareholders entitled to such Distribution, to receive the amount of such assets which would have been payable to the Holder with respect to the shares of Common Stock issuable upon such conversion had such Holder been the holder of such shares of Common Stock on the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to such Distribution.

(d) Adjustment Due to Dilutive Issuance. If, at any time when the Note is issued and outstanding, the Borrower issues or sells, or in accordance with this Section 1.6(d) hereof is deemed to have issued or sold, except for shares of Common Stock issued in an Exempt Issuance (as defined in the Purchase Agreement), any shares of Common Stock for a consideration per share (before deduction of reasonable expenses or commissions or underwriting discounts or allowances in connection therewith) less than the Conversion Price in effect on the date of such issuance (or deemed issuance) of such shares of Common Stock (a "Dilutive Issuance"), then immediately upon the Dilutive Issuance, the Conversion Price will be reduced to the amount of the consideration per share received by the Borrower in such Dilutive Issuance.

The Borrower shall be deemed to have issued or sold shares of Common Stock if the Borrower in any manner issues or grants any warrants, rights or options (not including employee stock option plans), whether or not immediately exercisable, to subscribe for or to purchase Common Stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock ("Convertible Securities") (such warrants, rights and options to purchase Common Stock or Convertible Securities are hereinafter referred to as "Options") and the price per share for which Common Stock is issuable upon the exercise of such Options is less than the Conversion Price then in effect, then the Conversion Price shall be equal to such price per share. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the "price per share for which Common Stock is issuable upon the exercise of such Options" is determined by dividing (i) the total amount, if any, received or receivable by the Borrower as consideration for the issuance or granting of all such Options, plus the minimum aggregate amount of additional consideration, if any, payable to the Borrower upon the exercise of all such Options, plus, in the case of Convertible Securities issuable upon the exercise of such Options, the minimum aggregate amount of additional consideration payable upon the conversion or exchange thereof at the time such Convertible Securities first become convertible or exchangeable, by (ii) the maximum total number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of all such Options (assuming full conversion of Convertible Securities, if applicable). No further adjustment to the Conversion Price will be made upon the actual issuance of such Common Stock upon the exercise of such Options or upon the conversion or exchange of Convertible Securities issuable upon exercise of such Options.

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Additionally, the Borrower shall be deemed to have issued or sold shares of Common Stock if the Borrower in any manner issues or sells any Convertible Securities, whether or not immediately convertible (other than in an Exempt Issuance), and the price per share for which Common Stock is issuable upon such conversion or exchange is less than the Conversion Price then in effect, then the Conversion Price shall be equal to such price per share. For the purposes of the preceding sentence, the "price per share for which Common Stock is issuable upon such conversion or exchange" is determined by dividing (i) the total amount, if any, received or receivable by the Borrower as consideration for the issuance or sale of all such Convertible Securities, plus the minimum aggregate amount of additional consideration, if any, payable to the Borrower upon the conversion or exchange thereof at the time such Convertible Securities first become convertible or exchangeable, by (ii) the maximum total number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion or exchange of all such Convertible Securities. No further adjustment to the Conversion Price will be made upon the actual issuance of such Common Stock upon conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities.

(e) Purchase Rights. If, at any time when the Note is issued and outstanding, the Borrower issues any convertible securities or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property (the "Purchase Rights") pro rata to the record holders of any class of Common Stock, then the Holder of this Note will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which such Holder could have acquired if such Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete conversion of this Note (without regard to any limitations on conversion contained herein) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights.

(f) Notice of Adjustments. Upon the occurrence of each adjustment or readjustment of the Conversion Price as a result of the events described in this Section 1.6, the Borrower, at its expense, shall promptly compute such adjustment or readjustment and prepare and furnish to the Holder a certificate setting forth such adjustment or readjustment and showing in detail the facts upon which such adjustment or readjustment is based. The Borrower shall, upon the written request at any time of the Holder, furnish to such Holder a like certificate setting forth (i) such adjustment or readjustment, (ii) the Conversion Price at the time in effect and (iii) the number of shares of Common Stock and the amount, if any, of other securities or property which at the time would be received upon conversion of the Note.

1.7 Status as Shareholder. Upon submission of a Notice of Conversion by a Holder, (i) the shares covered thereby (other than the shares, if any, which cannot be issued because their issuance would exceed such Holder's allocated portion of the Reserved Amount or Maximum Share Amount) shall be deemed converted into shares of Common Stock and (ii) the Holder's rights as a Holder of such converted portion of this Note shall cease and terminate, excepting only the right to receive certificates for such shares of Common Stock and to any remedies provided herein or otherwise available at law or in equity to such Holder because of a failure by the Borrower to comply with the terms of this Note. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a Holder has not received certificates for all shares of Common Stock prior to the tenth (10th) business day after the expiration of the Deadline with respect to a conversion of any portion of this Note for any reason, then (unless the Holder otherwise elects to retain its status as a holder of Common Stock by so notifying the Borrower) the Holder shall regain the rights of a Holder of this Note with respect to such unconverted portions of this Note and the Borrower shall, as soon as practicable, return such unconverted Note to the Holder or, if the Note has not been surrendered, adjust its records to reflect that such portion of this Note has not been converted. In all cases, the Holder shall retain all of its rights and remedies (including, without limitation, (i) the right to receive Conversion Default Payments pursuant to Section 1.3 to the extent required thereby for such Conversion Default and any subsequent Conversion Default and (ii) the right to have the Conversion Price with respect to subsequent conversions determined in accordance with Section 1.3) for the Borrower's failure to convert this Note.

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1.8 Prepayment. The Borrower may at any time pay or prepay all or any portion of the amounts outstanding hereunder by making a payment to the Holder of an amount in cash equal to the sum of: (w) the then outstanding principal amount of this Note plus (x) accrued and unpaid interest on the unpaid principal amount of this Note plus (y) Default Interest, if any.

ARTICLE II. CERTAIN COVENANTS

2.1 Distributions on Capital Stock. So long as the Borrower shall have any obligation under this Note, the Borrower shall not without the Holder's written consent (a) pay, declare or set apart for such payment, any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, property or other securities) on shares of capital stock other than dividends on shares of Common Stock solely in the form of additional shares of Common Stock or (b) directly or indirectly or through any subsidiary make any other payment or distribution in respect of its capital stock except for distributions pursuant to any shareholders' rights plan which is approved by a majority of the Borrower's disinterested directors.

2.2 Restriction on Stock Repurchases. So long as the Borrower shall have any obligation under this Note, the Borrower shall not without the Holder's written consent redeem, repurchase or otherwise acquire (whether for cash or in exchange for property or other securities or otherwise) in any one transaction or series of related transactions any shares of capital stock of the Borrower or any warrants, rights or options to purchase or acquire any such shares.

2.3 Borrowings. So long as the Borrower shall have any obligation under this Note, the Borrower shall not, without the Holder's written consent, create, incur, assume guarantee, endorse, contingently agree to purchase or otherwise become liable upon the obligation of any person, firm, partnership, joint venture or corporation, except by the endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection, or suffer to exist any liability for borrowed money, except (a) borrowings in existence or committed on the date hereof and of which the Borrower has informed Holder in writing prior to the date hereof, (b) indebtedness to trade creditors financial institutions or other lenders incurred in the ordinary course of business, (c) borrowings, the proceeds of which shall be used to repay this Note, or (d) borrowings which are expressly subordinated to this Note.

2.4 Sale of Assets. So long as the Borrower shall have any obligation under this Note, the Borrower shall not, without the Holder's written consent, sell, lease or otherwise dispose of any significant portion of its assets outside the ordinary course of business. Any consent to the disposition of any assets shall be conditioned on a specified use of the proceeds towards the repayment of this Note.

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2.5 Advances and Loans. So long as the Borrower shall have any obligation under this Note, the Borrower shall not, without the Holder's written consent, lend money, give credit or make advances to any person, firm, joint venture or corporation, including, without limitation, officers, directors, employees, subsidiaries and affiliates of the Borrower, except loans, credits or advances (a) in existence or committed on the date hereof and which the Borrower has informed Holder in writing prior to the date hereof, (b) made in the ordinary course of business or (c) not in excess of $100,000.

2.6 Section 3(a)(9) or 3(a)(10) Transaction. So long as this Note is outstanding, the Borrower shall not enter into any transaction or arrangement structured in accordance with, based upon, or related or pursuant to, in whole or in part, either Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act (a "3(a)(9) Transaction") or Section 3(a)(10) of the Securities Act (a "3(a)(10) Transaction"). In the event that the Borrower does enter into, or makes any issuance of Common Stock related to a 3(a)(9) Transaction or a 3(a)(10) Transaction while this Note is outstanding, a liquidated damages charge of 25% of the outstanding principal balance of this Note, but not less than Fifteen Thousand Dollars $15,000, will be assessed and will become immediately due and payable to the Holder at its election in the form of cash payment or addition to the balance of this Note.

2.7 Preservation of Existence, etc. The Borrower shall maintain and preserve, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to maintain and preserve, its existence, rights and privileges, and become or remain, and cause each of its Subsidiaries (other than dormant Subsidiaries that have no or minimal assets) to become or remain, duly qualified and in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the character of the properties owned or leased by it or in which the transaction of its business makes such qualification necessary.

2.8 Non-circumvention. The Borrower hereby covenants and agrees that the Borrower will not, by amendment of its Certificate or Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws, or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, scheme of arrangement, dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Note, and will at all times in good faith carry out all the provisions of this Note and take all action as may be required to protect the rights of the Holder.

ARTICLE III. EVENTS OF DEFAULT

If any of the following events of default (each, an "Event of Default") shall occur:

3.1 Failure to Pay Principal or Interest. The Borrower fails to pay the principal hereof or interest thereon when due on this Note, whether at maturity, upon acceleration or otherwise.

3.2 Conversion and Issuance of the Shares. The Borrower (i) fails to issue shares of Common Stock to the Holder (or announces or threatens in writing that it will not honor its obligation to do so) upon exercise by the Holder of the conversion rights of the Holder in accordance with the terms of this Note, (ii) fails to transfer or cause its transfer agent to transfer (issue) (electronically or in certificated form) any certificate for shares of Common Stock issued to the Holder upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to this Note as and when required by this Note, (iii) directs its transfer agent not to transfer or delays, impairs, and/or hinders its transfer agent in transferring (or issuing) (electronically or in certificated form) any certificate for shares of Common Stock to be issued to the Holder upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to this Note as and when required by this Note, (iv) fails to remove (or directs its transfer agent not to remove or impairs, delays, and/or hinders its transfer agent from removing) any restrictive legend (or to withdraw any stop transfer instructions in respect thereof) on any certificate for any shares of Common Stock issued to the Holder upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to this Note as and when required by this Note (or makes any written announcement, statement or threat that it does not intend to honor the obligations described in this paragraph) and any such failure shall continue uncured (or any written announcement, statement or threat not to honor its obligations shall not be rescinded in writing) for three (3) business days after the Holder shall have delivered a Notice of Conversion, (v) fails to remain current in its obligations to its transfer agent, (vi) causes a conversion of this Note to be delayed, hindered or frustrated due to a balance owed by the Borrower to its transfer agent, (vii) fails to repay Holder, within forty eight (48) hours of a demand from the Holder, any amount of funds advanced by Holder to Borrower's transfer agent in order to process a conversion, (viii) fails to reserve sufficient amount of shares of common stock to satisfy the Reserved Amount at all times, (ix) fails to provide a Rule 144 opinion letter from the Borrower's legal counsel to the Holder, covering the Holder's resale into the public market of the respective conversion shares under this Note, within two (2) business days of the Holder's submission of a Notice of Conversion to the Borrower (provided that the Holder must request the opinion from the Borrower at the time that Holder submits the respective Notice of Conversion and the date of the respective Notice of Conversion must be on or after the date which is six (6) months after the date that the Holder funded the Purchase Price under this Note), and/or (x) an exemption under Rule 144 is unavailable for the Holder's deposit into Holder's brokerage account and resale into the public market of any of the conversion shares under this Note at any time after the date which is six (6) months after the date that the Holder funded the Purchase Price under this Note (other than as a result of Holder's status as an affiliate of the Borrower or any regulatory changes made by the SEC, including, but not limited to, SEC Release Nos. 33-10911 / 34-90773).

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3.3 Failure to Deliver Transaction Expense Amount. The Borrower fails to deliver the Transaction Expense Amount (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) to the Holder within three (3) business days of the date such amount is due.

3.4 Breach of Covenants. The Borrower breaches any material covenant or other material term or condition contained in this Note and any Transaction Documents including but not limited to the Purchase Agreement and such breach continues for a period of ten (10) calendar days after written notice thereof to the Borrower from the Holder.

3.5 Breach of Representations and Warranties. Any representation or warranty of the Borrower made herein or in any agreement, statement or certificate given in writing pursuant hereto or in connection herewith (including, without limitation, the Purchase Agreement), shall be false or misleading in any material respect when made and the breach of which has (or with the passage of time will have) a material adverse effect on the rights of the Holder with respect to this Note or the Purchase Agreement.

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3.6 Receiver or Trustee. The Borrower or any subsidiary of the Borrower shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors or commence proceedings for its dissolution, or apply for or consent to the appointment of a receiver or trustee for it or for a substantial part of its property or business, or such a receiver or trustee shall otherwise be appointed for the Borrower or for a substantial part of its property or business without its consent and shall not be discharged within sixty (60) days after such appointment.

3.7 Judgments. Any money judgment, writ or similar process shall be entered or filed against the Borrower or any subsidiary of the Borrower or any of its property or other assets for more than $50,000, and shall remain unvacated, unbonded or unstayed for a period of twenty (20) days unless otherwise consented to by the Holder, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld.

3.8 Bankruptcy. Bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or liquidation proceedings or other proceedings, voluntary or involuntary, for relief under any bankruptcy law or any law for the relief of debtors shall be instituted by or against the Borrower or any subsidiary of the Borrower, or the Borrower admits in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they mature, or have filed against it an involuntary petition for bankruptcy relief, all under federal or state laws as applicable or the Borrower admits in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they mature, or have filed against it an involuntary petition for bankruptcy relief, all under international, federal or state laws as applicable.

3.9 Delisting of Common Stock. The Borrower shall fail to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on at least one of the OTC Pink, OTCQB, OTCQX, Nasdaq Global Select Market, Nasdaq Global Market, Nasdaq Capital Market, New York Stock Exchange, NYSE American, or an equivalent replacement exchange.

3.10 Failure to Comply with the Exchange Act. The Borrower shall fail to comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act (including but not limited to becoming delinquent in its filings); and/or the Borrower shall cease to be subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.

3.11 Liquidation. Any dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of Borrower or any substantial portion of its business.

3.12 Cessation of Operations. Any cessation of operations by Borrower or Borrower admits it is otherwise generally unable to pay its debts as such debts become due, provided, however, that any disclosure of the Borrower's ability to continue as a "going concern" shall not be an admission that the Borrower cannot pay its debts as they become due.

3.13 Maintenance of Assets. The failure by Borrower to maintain any material intellectual property rights, personal, real property or other assets which are necessary to conduct its business (whether now or in the future), or any disposition or conveyance of any material asset of the Borrower.

3.14 Financial Statement Restatement. The restatement of any financial statements filed by the Borrower with the SEC for any date or period from two years prior to the Issue Date of this Note and until this Note is no longer outstanding, if the result of such restatement would, by comparison to the unrestated financial statement, have constituted a material adverse effect on the rights of the Holder with respect to this Note or the Purchase Agreement.

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3.15 Reverse Splits. The Borrower effectuates a reverse split of its Common Stock without twenty (20) days prior written notice to the Holder.

3.16 Replacement of Transfer Agent. In the event that the Borrower proposes to replace its transfer agent, the Borrower fails to provide, prior to the effective date of such replacement, a fully executed Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions in a form as initially delivered pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (including but not limited to the provision to irrevocably reserve shares of Common Stock in the Reserved Amount) signed by the successor transfer agent to Borrower and the Borrower.

3.17 Cessation of Trading. Any cessation of trading of the Common Stock on at least one of the OTC Pink, OTCQB, OTCQX, Nasdaq Global Select Market, Nasdaq Global Market, Nasdaq Capital Market, New York Stock Exchange, NYSE American, or an equivalent replacement exchange, and such cessation of trading shall continue for a period of five consecutive (5) Trading Days.

3.18 Cross-Default. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Note or the Transaction Documents, a breach or default by the Borrower of any covenant or other term or condition contained in any of the Other Agreements (as defined herein), after the passage of all applicable notice and cure or grace periods, shall, at the option of the Holder, be considered a default under this Note and the Other Agreements, in which event the Holder shall be entitled (but in no event required) to apply all rights and remedies of the Holder under the terms of this Note and the Other Agreements by reason of a default under said Other Agreement or hereunder. "Other Agreements" means, collectively, all agreements and instruments between, among or by: (1) the Borrower, and, or for the benefit of, (2) the Holder (and any affiliate of the Holder) or any other third party, including, without limitation, promissory notes; provided, however, the term "Other Agreements" shall not include the agreements and instruments defined as the Transaction Documents. The loan transactions pursuant to this Note will be cross-defaulted with each other loan transaction and with all other existing and future debt of Borrower to the Holder.

3.19 Bid Price. The Borrower shall lose the "bid" price for its Common Stock ($0.0001 on the "Ask" with zero market makers on the "Bid" per Level 2) and/or a market (including the OTC Pink, OTCQB, OTCQX, or an equivalent replacement exchange).

3.20 OTC Markets Designation. OTC Markets changes the Borrower's designation to 'No Information' (Stop Sign), 'Caveat Emptor' (Skull and Crossbones), or 'OTC', 'Other OTC' or 'Grey Market' (Exclamation Mark Sign).

3.21 Inside Information. Any attempt by the Borrower or its officers, directors, and/or affiliates to transmit, convey, disclose, or any actual transmittal, conveyance, or disclosure by the Borrower or its officers, directors, and/or affiliates of, material non-public information concerning the Borrower, to the Holder or its successors and assigns, which is not immediately cured by Borrower's filing of a Form 8-K pursuant to Regulation FD on that same date.

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3.22 Unavailability of Rule 144. If, at any time on or after the date which is six (6) months after the Issue Date, the Holder is unable to (i) obtain a standard "144 legal opinion letter" from an attorney reasonably acceptable to the Holder, the Holder's brokerage firm (and respective clearing firm), and the Borrower's transfer agent in order to facilitate the Holder's conversion of any portion of the Note into free trading shares of the Borrower's Common Stock pursuant to Rule 144, and (ii) thereupon deposit such shares into the Holder's brokerage account (in each case, other than as a result of Holder's status as an affiliate of the Borrower or any regulatory changes made by the SEC, including, but not limited to, SEC Release Nos. 33-10911 / 34-90773).

3.23 UPON THE OCCURRENCE OF ANY EVENT OF DEFAULT SPECIFIED IN SECTION 3 OF THIS NOTE, THE NOTE SHALL BECOME IMMEDIATELY AND AUTOMATICALLY DUE AND PAYABLE WITHOUT DEMAND, PRESENTMENT, OR NOTICE AND THE BORROWER SHALL PAY TO THE HOLDER, IN FULL SATISFACTION OF ITS OBLIGATIONS HEREUNDER, AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO: (I) THE THEN OUTSTANDING PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF THIS NOTE PLUS (X) ACCRUED AND UNPAID INTEREST ON THE UNPAID PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF THIS NOTE TO THE DATE OF PAYMENT (THE "MANDATORY PREPAYMENT DATE") PLUS (Y) DEFAULT INTEREST, IF ANY, ON THE AMOUNTS REFERRED TO IN CLAUSES (X) AND/OR (Y) PLUS (Z) ANY AMOUNTS OWED TO THE HOLDER PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 1.3 AND 1.4(G) HEREOF, MULTIPLIED BY TWO (2) (THE THEN OUTSTANDING PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF THIS NOTE TO THE DATE OF PAYMENT PLUS THE AMOUNTS REFERRED TO IN CLAUSES (X), (Y) AND (Z) SHALL COLLECTIVELY BE KNOWN AS THE "DEFAULT SUM"); or (ii) at the option of the Holder, the "parity value" of the Default Sum to be prepaid, where parity value means (a) the highest number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to such Default Sum in accordance with Article I, treating the Trading Day immediately preceding the Mandatory Prepayment Date as the "Conversion Date" for purposes of determining the lowest applicable Conversion Price, unless the Default Event arises as a result of a breach in respect of a specific Conversion Date in which case such Conversion Date shall be the Conversion Date), multiplied by (b) the highest trading price for the Common Stock during the period beginning on the date of first occurrence of the Event of Default and ending one day prior to the Mandatory Prepayment Date (the "Default Amount") and all other amounts payable hereunder shall immediately become due and payable, all without demand, presentment or notice, all of which hereby are expressly waived, together with all costs, including, without limitation, legal fees and expenses, of collection, and the Holder shall be entitled to exercise all other rights and remedies available at law or in equity. Further, if a breach of Sections 3.9, 3.10 and/or 3.19 occurs or is continuing after the nine (9) month anniversary of this Note, then the principal amount of the Note shall increase by Fifteen Thousand and No/100 United States Dollars ($15,000) (under Holder's and Borrower's expectation that any principal amount increase will tack back to the Issue Date) and the Holder shall be entitled to use the lowest trading price during the delinquency period as a base price for the conversion and the Conversion Price shall be redefined to mean forty percent (40%) multiplied by the Conversion Price, subject to adjustment as provided in this Note. For example, if the lowest trading price during the delinquency period is $0.50 per share and the conversion discount is 50%, then the Holder may elect to convert future conversions at $0.25 per share. If this Note is not paid at Maturity Date, then the outstanding principal due under this Note shall increase by Fifteen Thousand and No/100 United States Dollars ($15,000).

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The Holder shall have the right at any time after an Event of Default occurs under this Note to require the Borrower, to immediately issue, in lieu of the Default Amount and/or Default Sum, the number of shares of Common Stock of the Borrower equal to the Default Amount and/or Default Sum divided by the Conversion Price then in effect, pursuant to the terms of this Note (including but not limited to any beneficial ownership limitations contained herein). This requirement by the Borrower shall automatically apply upon the occurrence of an Event of Default without the need for any party to give any notice or take any other action.

If the Holder shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Note, including, without limitation, engaging an attorney, then if the Holder prevails in such action, the Holder shall be reimbursed by the Borrower for its attorneys' fees and other costs and expenses incurred in the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

If the Holder shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Note, including, without limitation, engaging an attorney, the Holder shall be entitled to use the lowest trading price during the delinquency period as a base price for the conversion and the Conversion Price shall be redefined to mean forty percent (40%) multiplied by the Conversion Price, subject to adjustment as provided in this Note.

ARTICLE IV. MISCELLANEOUS

4.1 Failure or Indulgence Not Waiver. No failure or delay on the part of the Holder in the exercise of any power, right or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such power, right or privilege preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other right, power or privileges. All rights and remedies existing hereunder are cumulative to, and not exclusive of, any rights or remedies otherwise available.

4.2 Notices. All notices, demands, requests, consents, approvals, and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and, unless otherwise specified herein, shall be (i) personally served, (ii) deposited in the mail, registered or certified, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, (iii) delivered by reputable air courier service with charges prepaid, or (iv) transmitted by hand delivery, telegram, electronic mail, or facsimile, addressed as set forth below or to such other address as such party shall have specified most recently by written notice. Any notice or other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be deemed effective (a) upon hand delivery or delivery by electronic mail or facsimile, with accurate confirmation generated by the transmitting facsimile machine, at the address or number designated below (if delivered on a business day during normal business hours where such notice is to be received), or the first business day following such delivery (if delivered other than on a business day during normal business hours where such notice is to be received) or (b) on the second business day following the date of mailing by express courier service, fully prepaid, addressed to such address, or upon actual receipt of such mailing, whichever shall first occur. The addresses for such communications shall be:

If to the Borrower, to:

SusGlobal Energy Corp.

200 Davenport Road

18

Toronto, ONT M5R 1J2

Canada

Attn: Marc Hazout

E-mail: mhazout@susglobalenergy.com

If to the Holder:

AJB Capital Investments LLC

4700 Sheridan Street, Suite J Hollywood, FL 33021 Attn: Ari Blaine

Email: ari@ajbcapitalinvestments.com

4.3 Amendments. This Note and any provision hereof may only be amended by an instrument in writing signed by the Borrower and the Holder. The term "Note" and all reference thereto, as used throughout this instrument, shall mean this instrument as originally executed, or if later amended or supplemented, then as so amended or supplemented.

4.4 Assignability. This Note shall be binding upon the Borrower and its successors and assigns, and shall inure to be the benefit of the Holder and its successors and assigns. Neither the Borrower nor the Holder shall assign this Note or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the other. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Holder may assign its rights hereunder to any "accredited investor" (as defined in Rule 501(a) of the 1933 Act) in a private transaction from the Holder or to any of its "affiliates", as that term is defined under the 1934 Act, without the consent of the Borrower. Notwithstanding anything in this Note to the contrary, this Note may be pledged as collateral in connection with a bona fide margin account or other lending arrangement. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Note, acknowledge and agree that following conversion of a portion of this Note, the unpaid and unconverted principal amount of this Note represented by this Note may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

4.5 Cost of Collection. If default is made in the payment of this Note, the Borrower shall pay the Holder hereof reasonable costs of collection, including reasonable attorneys' fees.

4.6 Governing Law. This Note shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Nevada without regard to principles of conflicts of laws. Any action brought by either party against the other concerning the transactions contemplated by this Note shall be brought only in the state courts located in the State of New York or federal courts located in the State of New York. The parties to this Note hereby irrevocably waive any objection to jurisdiction and venue of any action instituted hereunder and shall not assert any defense based on lack of jurisdiction or venue or based upon forum non conveniens. THE BORROWER HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS NOTE OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. The prevailing party shall be entitled to recover from the other party its reasonable attorney's fees and costs. In the event that any provision of this Note or any other agreement delivered in connection herewith is invalid or unenforceable under any applicable statute or rule of law, then such provision shall be deemed inoperative to the extent that it may conflict therewith and shall be deemed modified to conform with such statute or rule of law. Any such provision which may prove invalid or unenforceable under any law shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of any agreement. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any suit, action or proceeding in connection with this Agreement or any other Transaction Document by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.

19

4.7 Certain Amounts. Whenever pursuant to this Note the Borrower is required to pay an amount in excess of the outstanding principal amount (or the portion thereof required to be paid at that time) plus accrued and unpaid interest plus Default Interest on such interest, the Borrower and the Holder agree that the actual damages to the Holder from the receipt of cash payment on this Note may be difficult to determine and the amount to be so paid by the Borrower represents stipulated damages and not a penalty and is intended to compensate the Holder in part for loss of the opportunity to convert this Note and to earn a return from the sale of shares of Common Stock acquired upon conversion of this Note at a price in excess of the price paid for such shares pursuant to this Note. The Borrower and the Holder hereby agree that such amount of stipulated damages is not plainly disproportionate to the possible loss to the Holder from the receipt of a cash payment without the opportunity to convert this Note into shares of Common Stock.

4.8 Purchase Agreement. By its acceptance of this Note, each party agrees to be bound by the applicable terms of the Purchase Agreement.

4.9 Notice of Corporate Events. Except as otherwise provided below, the Holder of this Note shall have no rights as a Holder of Common Stock unless and only to the extent that it converts this Note into Common Stock. The Borrower shall provide the Holder with prior notification of any meeting of the Borrower's shareholders (and copies of proxy materials and other information sent to shareholders). In the event of any taking by the Borrower of a record of its shareholders for the purpose of determining shareholders who are entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution, any right to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire (including by way of merger, consolidation, reclassification or recapitalization) any share of any class or any other securities or property, or to receive any other right, or for the purpose of determining shareholders who are entitled to vote in connection with any proposed sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all of the assets of the Borrower or any proposed liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Borrower, the Borrower shall mail a notice to the Holder, at least twenty (20) days prior to the record date specified therein (or thirty (30) days prior to the consummation of the transaction or event, whichever is earlier), of the date on which any such record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, right or other event, and a brief statement regarding the amount and character of such dividend, distribution, right or other event to the extent known at such time. The Borrower shall make a public announcement of any event requiring notification to the Holder hereunder substantially simultaneously with the notification to the Holder in accordance with the terms of this Section 4.9 including, but not limited to, name changes, recapitalizations, etc. as soon as possible under law.

20

4.10 Usury. If it shall be found that any interest or other amount deemed interest due hereunder violates the applicable law governing usury, the applicable provision shall automatically be revised to equal the maximum rate of interest or other amount deemed interest permitted under applicable law. The Borrower covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not seek to claim or take advantage of any law that would prohibit or forgive the Borrower from paying all or a portion of the principal or interest on this Note.

4.11 Remedies. The Borrower acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Holder, by vitiating the intent and purpose of the transaction contemplated hereby. Accordingly, the Borrower acknowledges that the remedy at law for a breach of its obligations under this Note will be inadequate and agrees, in the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Borrower of the provisions of this Note, that the Holder shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies at law or in equity, and in addition to the penalties assessable herein, to an injunction or injunctions restraining, preventing or curing any breach of this Note and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions thereof, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required. No provision of this Note shall alter or impair the obligation of the Borrower, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of, and interest on, this Note at the time, place, and rate, and in the form, herein prescribed.

4.12 Severability. In the event that any provision of this Note is invalid or unenforceable under any applicable statute or rule of law, then such provision shall be deemed inoperative to the extent that it may conflict therewith and shall be deemed modified to conform with such statute or rule of law. Any provision hereof which may prove invalid or unenforceable under any law shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof.

4.13 Dispute Resolution. In the case of a dispute as to the determination of the Conversion Price, Conversion Amount, any prepayment amount or Default Amount, Default Sum, Closing or Maturity Date, the closing bid price, or fair market value (as the case may be) or the arithmetic calculation of the Conversion Price or the applicable prepayment amount(s) (as the case may be), the Borrower or the Holder shall submit the disputed determinations or arithmetic calculations via electronic mail (i) within two (2) Business Days after receipt of the applicable notice giving rise to such dispute to the Borrower or the Holder or (ii) if no notice gave rise to such dispute, at any time after the Holder learned of the circumstances giving rise to such dispute. If the Holder and the Borrower are unable to agree upon such determination or calculation within two (2) Business Days of such disputed determination or arithmetic calculation (as the case may be) being submitted to the Borrower or the Holder, then the Borrower shall, within two (2) Business Days, submit via electronic mail (a) the disputed determination of the Conversion Price, the closing bid price, the or fair market value (as the case may be) to an independent, reputable investment bank selected by the Borrower and approved by the Holder or (b) the disputed arithmetic calculation of the Conversion Price, Conversion Amount, any prepayment amount or Default Amount, Default Sum to an independent, outside accountant selected by the Holder that is reasonably acceptable to the Borrower. The Borrower shall cause at its expense the investment bank or the accountant to perform the determinations or calculations and notify the Borrower and the Holder of the results no later than ten (10) Business Days from the time it receives such disputed determinations or calculations. Such investment bank's or accountant's determination or calculation shall be binding upon all parties absent demonstrable error.

21

4.14 Terms of Future Financings. So long as this Note is outstanding, upon any issuance by the Borrower or any of its subsidiaries of any security with any term more favorable to the holder of such security or with a term in favor of the holder of such security that was not similarly provided to the Holder in this Note, then the Borrower shall notify the Holder of such additional or more favorable term and such term, at Holder's option, shall become a part of the Transaction Documents with the Holder. The types of terms contained in another security that may be more favorable to the holder of such security include, but are not limited to, terms addressing conversion discounts, prepayment rate, conversion lookback periods, interest rates, original issue discounts, stock sale price, private placement price per share, and warrant coverage.

4.15 Piggyback Registration Rights. The Borrower shall provide Holder with the option to include on each registration statement that the Borrower files with SEC all shares issuable upon conversion of this Note, subject to pro rata reductions of the shares being registered pursuant to comments of the staff of the SEC. The Borrower's failure to comply with this Section 4.15 shall result in liquidated damages of twenty-five percent (25%) of the outstanding principal balance of this Note, but not less than Fifteen Thousand and No/100 United States Dollars ($15,000), being immediately due and payable to the Holder at its election in the form of cash payment or addition to the balance of this Note.

[signature page follows]

22

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Borrower has caused this Note to be signed in its name by its duly authorized officer as of the date first above written.

SusGlobal Energy Corp.

By: ________________________________

Name: Marc Hazout

Title: Chief Executive Officer

 

EXHIBIT A

NOTICE OF CONVERSION

The undersigned hereby elects to convert $__________ principal amount of the Note (defined below) together with $__________ of accrued and unpaid interest thereto, totaling $__________ into that number of shares of Common Stock to be issued pursuant to the conversion of the Note ("Common Stock") as set forth below, of SusGlobal Energy Corp., a Delaware corporation (the "Borrower"), according to the conditions of the convertible note of the Borrower dated as of April 12, 2024 (the "Note"), as of the date written below. No fee will be charged to the Holder for any conversion, except for transfer taxes, if any.

Box Checked as to applicable instructions:

☐ The Borrower shall electronically transmit the Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Notice of Conversion to the account of the undersigned or its nominee with DTC through its Deposit Withdrawal At Custodian system ("DWAC Transfer").

Name of DTC Prime Broker: Account Number:

☐ The undersigned hereby requests that the Borrower issue a certificate or certificates for the number of shares of Common Stock set forth below (which numbers are based on the Holder's calculation attached hereto) in the name(s) specified immediately below or, if additional space is necessary, on an attachment hereto:

Name: [NAME]

Address: [ADDRESS]

Date of Conversion: _________________

Applicable Conversion Price: $  $________________
Number of Shares of Common Stock

to be Issued Pursuant to
Conversion of the Notes:________________

Amount of Principal Balance Due
remaining Under the Note after
this conversion:              _________________

Accrued and unpaid interest remaining:

 

[HOLDER]

 

By: ____________________________________

Name: [NAME]

Title: [TITLE]

Date: [DATE]

 

 EX-4.16 5 exhibit4-16.htm EXHIBIT 4.16 SusGlobal Energy Corp.: Exhibit 4.16 - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

 

 EX-4.17 6 exhibit4-17.htm EXHIBIT 4.17 SusGlobal Energy Corp.: Exhibit 4.17 - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

 

 EX-4.18 7 exhibit4-18.htm EXHIBIT 4.18 SusGlobal Energy Corp.: Exhibit 4.18 - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

LRO # 21    Charge/Mortgage

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This document has not been submitted and may be incomplete yyyy mm dd Page 1 of 6
 

Properties
PIN 40532 - 0031 LT Interest/Estate Fee Simple      
Description PT LT 20 CON 8 THURLOW PT 1 21R18453; BELLEVILLE ; COUNTY OF HASTINGS
Address PHILLIPSTON ROAD
  BELLEVILLE
             
PIN 40532 - 0032 LT Interest/Estate Fee Simple      
Description PT LT 20 CON 8 THURLOW PT 1 21R19513; BELLEVILLE; COUNTY OF HASTINGS
Address 704 PHILLIPSTON ROAD 
  ROSLIN          
             
PIN 40532 - 0033 LT Interest/Estate Fee Simple      
Description PT LT 20 CON 8 THURLOW PT 2 21R19513; S/T QR266045; BELLEVILLE ; COUNTY OF HASTINGS
Address PHILLIPSTON ROAD
  BELLEVILLE          
             
PIN 40532 - 0041 LT Interest/Estate Fee Simple      
Description PT LT 20 CON 8 THURLOW PT 25, 27 AND 29 21R6801; BELLEVILLE ; COUNTY OF HASTINGS
Address PHILLIPSTON ROAD
  BELLEVILLE          

Chargor(s)
The chargor(s) hereby charges the land to the chargee(s). The chargor(s) acknowledges the receipt of the charge and the standard charge terms, if any.
   
Name 1684567 ONTARIO INC.
  Acting as a company
Address for Service 200 Davenport Road, Toronto, Ontario M5R 1J2

A person or persons with authority to bind the corporation has/have consented to the registration of this document. This document is not authorized under Power of Attorney by this party.

Chargee(s)

       Capacity   Share
             
Name R. WILLIAMSON CONSULTANTS LTD.     1/3 INTEREST
  Acting as a company      
Address for Service 86 Carrick Trail, Gravenhurst, Ontario P1P 0A6      
         
Name P.I.C.K.S. INC.     1/3 INTEREST
  Acting as a company      
Address for Service 1-85 West Wilmot Street, Richmond Hill, Ontario L4B 1K7      
         
Name TREEGROVE ENTERPRISES INC.     1/3 INTEREST
  Acting as a company      
Address for Service 53 Treegrove Circle, Aurora, Ontario L4G 6M2      

Statements

Schedule: See Schedules

The text added or imported if any, is legible and relates to the parties in this document.

Provisions
Principal $323,786.00 Currency CDN    
Calculation Period monthly        
Balance Due Date 2024/10/02        
Interest Rate 12% per annum        
Payments $3,237.86        
Interest Adjustment Date 2024 04 02        
Payment Date 2nd day, monthly        
First Payment Date 2024 05 02        
Last Payment Date 2024 10 02        
Standard Charge Terms 200033        
Insurance Amount Full insurable value        

LRO # 21    Charge/Mortgage

 In preparation on 2024 04 23 at 13:06
     
This document has not been submitted and may be incomplete yyyy mm dd Page 2 of 6

Provisions

 Guarantor

Additional Provisions

The Chargees acknowledge receiving interest payments from April 2, 2024 to and including October 2, 2024.

File Number

Chargee Client File Number : 10509-24

 EX-10.14 8 exhibit10-14.htm EXHIBIT 10.14 SusGlobal Energy Corp.: Exhibit 10.14 - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT

This SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT (the "Agreement"), dated as of April 12, 2024, by and between SUSGLOBAL ENERGY CORP., a Delaware corporation, with headquarters located at 200 Davenport Road, Toronto, ONT M5R 1J2, Canada (the "Company"), and AJB CAPITAL INVESTMENTS LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, with its address at 4700 Sheridan Street, Suite J, Hollywood, FL 33021 (the "Buyer").

WHEREAS:

A. The Company and the Buyer are executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon the exemption from securities registration afforded by the rules and regulations as promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act"); and

B. Buyer desires to purchase and the Company desires to issue and sell, upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement a 10% promissory note of the Company, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, in the principal amount of US$120,000.00 (together with any note(s) issued in replacement thereof or as a dividend thereon or otherwise with respect thereto in accordance with the terms thereof, the "Note"), convertible following an Event of Default into shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, of the Company (the "Common Stock"), upon the terms and subject to the limitations and conditions set forth in such Note.

NOW THEREFORE, the Company and the Buyer hereby agree as follows:

1. PURCHASE AND SALE OF NOTE.

a. Purchase of Note. On the Closing Date (as defined below), the Company shall issue and sell to the Buyer the Note and the Buyer shall purchase the Note from the Company, which Note shall have a principal amount as is set forth in the recitals to this Agreement. The Agreement, the Note, and those other documents executed in connection therewith shall be referred to herein as the "Transaction Documents."

b. Form of Payment. On the Closing Date (as defined below), (i) the Buyer shall pay the purchase price for the Note in the amount of US$108,000 (the "Purchase Price") by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the Company, in accordance with the Company's written wiring instructions, against delivery of the Note, and (ii) the Company shall deliver such duly executed Note to the Buyer, against delivery of such Purchase Price.

c. Closing Date. Subject to the satisfaction (or written waiver) of the conditions thereto set forth in Section 8 and Section 9 below, the date and time of the issuance and sale of the Note pursuant to this Agreement (the "Closing Date") shall be 12:00 noon, Eastern Standard Time on the date hereof, or such other mutually agreed upon time. The closing of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (the "Closing") shall occur on the Closing Date by remote exchange of documents, or at such location as may be agreed to by the parties.

2. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE BUYER. The Buyer represents and warrants to the Company that, except as disclosed in the SEC Documents:

 

a. Investment Purpose. As of the date hereof, the Buyer is purchasing the Note, the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the Note (including, without limitation, such additional shares of Common Stock, if any, as are issuable (i) on account of interest on the Note (ii) as a result of the events described in Sections 1.3 and 1.4(g) of the Note or (iii) in payment of the Standard Liquidated Damages Amount (as defined in Section 2(f) below) pursuant to this Agreement, such shares of Common Stock being collectively referred to herein as the "Conversion Shares"), and the Make-Whole Shares (as defined below), including without limitation any shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to a Sale Reconciliation (as defined below), for its own account and not with a present view towards the public sale or distribution thereof, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted from registration under the 1933 Act; provided, however, that by making the representations herein, the Buyer does not agree to hold any of the Securities for any minimum or other specific term and reserves the right to dispose of the Securities at any time in accordance with or pursuant to a registration statement or an exemption under the 1933 Act. For purposes of this Agreement, the Note and the transactions contemplated thereby, the Conversion Shares and the Make-Whole Shares shall be referred to as the "Securities."

b. Accredited Investor Status. The Buyer is an "accredited investor" as

that term is defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D (an "Accredited Investor").

c. Reliance on Exemptions. The Buyer understands that the Securities are being offered and sold to it in reliance upon specific exemptions from the registration requirements of United States federal and state securities laws and that the Company is relying upon the truth and accuracy of, and the Buyer's compliance with, the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgments and understandings of the Buyer set forth herein in order to determine the availability of such exemptions and the eligibility of the Buyer to acquire the Securities.

d. Information. The Buyer and its advisors, if any, have been, and for so long as the Note remains outstanding will continue to be, furnished with all materials relating to the business, finances and operations of the Company and materials relating to the offer and sale of the Securities which have been requested by the Buyer or its advisors. The Buyer and its advisors, if any, have been, and for so long as the Note remains outstanding will continue to be, afforded the opportunity to ask questions of the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company has not disclosed to the Buyer any material nonpublic information and will not disclose such information unless such information is disclosed to the public prior to or promptly following such disclosure to the Buyer. Neither such inquiries nor any other due diligence investigation conducted by Buyer or any of its advisors or representatives shall modify, amend or affect Buyer's right to rely on the Company's representations and warranties contained in Section 3 below. The Buyer understands that its investment in the Securities involves a significant degree of risk. The Buyer is not aware of any facts that may constitute a breach of any of the Company's representations and warranties made herein.

e. Governmental Review. The Buyer understands that no United States federal or state agency or any other government or governmental agency has passed upon or made any recommendation or endorsement of the Securities.

2

f. Transfer or Re-sale. The Buyer understands that the sale or re-sale of the Securities has not been and is not being registered under the 1933 Act or any applicable state securities laws, and (i) the Securities may not be transferred unless (a) the Securities are sold pursuant to an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act, (b) the Buyer shall have delivered to the Company, at the cost of the Company, an opinion of counsel that shall be in form, substance and scope customary for opinions of counsel in comparable transactions to the effect that the Securities to be sold or transferred may be sold or transferred pursuant to an exemption from such registration, which opinion shall be accepted by the Company, (c) the Securities are sold or transferred to an "affiliate" (as defined in Rule 144 promulgated under the 1933 Act (or a successor rule) ("Rule 144")) of the Buyer who agrees to sell or otherwise transfer the Securities only in accordance with this Section 2(f) and who is an Accredited Investor, (d) the Securities are sold pursuant to Rule 144 or other applicable exemption, or (e) the Securities are sold pursuant to Regulation S under the 1933 Act (or a successor rule) ("Regulation S"), and the Buyer shall have delivered to the Company, at the cost of the Company, an opinion of counsel that shall be in form, substance and scope customary for opinions of counsel in corporate transactions, which opinion shall be accepted by the Company; (ii) any sale of such Securities made in reliance on Rule 144 may be made only in accordance with the terms of said Rule and further, if said Rule is not applicable, any re-sale of such Securities under circumstances in which the seller (or the person through whom the sale is made) may be deemed to be an underwriter (as that term is defined in the 1933 Act) may require compliance with some other exemption under the 1933 Act or the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder; and (iii) except as otherwise expressly provided in the Transaction Documents, neither the Company nor any other person is under any obligation to register such Securities under the 1933 Act or any state securities laws or to comply with the terms and conditions of any exemption thereunder (in each case). Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else contained herein to the contrary, the Securities may be pledged as collateral in connection with a bona fide margin account or other lending arrangement. In the event that the Company does not accept the opinion of counsel provided by the Buyer with respect to the transfer of Securities pursuant to an exemption from registration, such as Rule 144 or Regulation S, within three (3) business days of delivery of the opinion to the Company, the Company shall pay to the Buyer liquidated damages of one percent (1%) of the outstanding amount of the Note (valued based on the closing sales price of the Common Stock on the date of delivery of the opinion to the Company) per trading day, in cash or shares at the option of the Buyer ("Standard Liquidated Damages Amount"). If the Buyer elects to be paid the Standard Liquidated Damages Amount in shares of Common Stock, such shares shall be issued at the Conversion Price (as defined in the Note) at the time of payment.

g. Legends. The Buyer understands that the Note and, until such time as the Conversion Shares and the Make-Whole Shares have been registered under the 1933 Act may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 or Regulation S or other applicable exemption without any restriction as to the number of securities as of a particular date that can then be immediately sold, the Conversion Shares and the Make-Whole Shares may bear a restrictive legend in substantially the following form (and a stop-transfer order may be placed against transfer of the certificates for such Securities):

"NEITHER THE ISSUANCE AND SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THESE SECURITIES ARE EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I) IN THE ABSENCE OF (A) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL (WHICH COUNSEL SHALL BE SELECTED BY THE HOLDER), IN A GENERALLY ACCEPTABLE FORM, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II) UNLESS SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 OR RULE 144A UNDER SAID ACT OR OTHER APPLICABLE EXEMPTION. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY THE SECURITIES."

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The legend set forth above shall be removed and the Company shall issue a certificate or book entry statement without such legend to the holder of any Security upon which it is stamped, if, unless otherwise required by applicable state securities laws, (a) such Security is registered for sale under an effective registration statement filed under the 1933 Act or otherwise may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 or Regulation S or other applicable exemption without any restriction as to the number of securities as of a particular date that can then be immediately sold, or (b) such holder provides the Company with an opinion of counsel, in form, substance and scope customary for opinions of counsel in comparable transactions, to the effect that a public sale or transfer of such Security may be made without registration under the 1933 Act, which opinion shall be accepted by the Company so that the sale or transfer is effected. The Buyer agrees to sell all Securities, including those represented by a certificate(s) or a book entry statement(s) from which the legend has been removed, in compliance with applicable prospectus delivery requirements, if any. In the event that the Company does not accept the opinion of counsel provided by the Buyer with respect to the transfer of Securities pursuant to an exemption from registration, such as Rule 144 or Regulation S, at the Deadline, it will be considered an Event of Default pursuant to Section 3.2 of the Note.

h. Authorization; Enforcement. This Agreement has been duly and validly authorized. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered on behalf of the Buyer, and this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding agreement of the Buyer enforceable in accordance with its terms.

i. Residency. The Buyer is organized in the jurisdiction set forth in the preamble.

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3. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY. The Company represents and warrants to the Buyer that, except as disclosed in the SEC Documents (as defined below):

a. Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries (as defined below), if any, is a corporation or other entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which it is incorporated, with full power and authority (corporate and other) to own, lease, use and operate its properties and to carry on its business as and where now owned, leased, used, operated and conducted. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign corporation or other entity to do business and is in good standing in every jurisdiction in which its ownership or use of property or the nature of the business conducted by it makes such qualification necessary except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would not have a Material Adverse Effect. "Material Adverse Effect" means any material adverse effect on the business, operations, assets, financial condition or prospects of the Company or its Subsidiaries, if any, taken as a whole, or on the transactions contemplated hereby or by the agreements or instruments to be entered into in connection herewith. "Subsidiaries" means any corporation or other organization, whether incorporated or unincorporated, in which the Company owns, directly or indirectly, any equity or other ownership interest.

b. Authorization; Enforcement. (i) The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform this Agreement and the Note and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and to issue the Securities, in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, (ii) the execution and delivery of this Agreement, and the Note by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including without limitation, the issuance of the Note and the issuance and reservation for issuance of the Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion or exercise thereof) have been duly authorized by the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") and no further consent or authorization of the Company, its Board, or its shareholders is required, (iii) this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company by its authorized representative, and such authorized representative is the true and official representative with authority to sign this Agreement and the other documents executed in connection herewith and bind the Company accordingly, and (iv) this Agreement constitutes, and upon execution and delivery by the Company of the Note, each of such instruments will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms.

c. Capitalization. As of the date hereof, the authorized capital stock of

the Company consists of: 150,000,000 shares of Common Stock, of which approximately 125,332,019 shares are issued and outstanding; and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, of which zero shares are issued and outstanding. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents (as defined below), no shares are reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company's stock option plans, no shares are reserved for issuance pursuant to securities (other than upon conversion of the Note (and any other promissory note issued to the Buyer)) exercisable for, or convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock and 6,000,000 shares are initially reserved for issuance upon conversion of the Note and the payment of any Make-Whole Shares (including any adjustments thereto pursuant to the Transaction Documents, the "Reserved Amount"). All of such outstanding shares of capital stock are, or upon issuance will be, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. No shares of capital stock of the Company are subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights of the shareholders of the Company or any liens or encumbrances imposed through the actions or failure to act of the Company. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, as of the effective date of this Agreement, (i) there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe for, puts, calls, rights of first refusal, agreements, understandings, claims or other commitments or rights of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible into or exchangeable for any shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or arrangements by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) there are no agreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is obligated to register the sale of any of its or their securities under the 1933 Act and (iii) there are no anti-dilution or price adjustment provisions contained in any security issued by the Company (or in any agreement providing rights to security holders) that will be triggered by the issuance of the Note or the Conversion Shares. The Company has filed in the SEC Documents true and correct copies of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation as in effect on the date hereof ("Certificate of Incorporation"), the Company's By-laws, as in effect on the date hereof (the "By- laws"), and the terms of all securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock of the Company and the material rights of the holders thereof in respect thereto.

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d. Issuance of Note and Shares. The issuance of the Note is duly authorized and, upon issuance in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and free from all preemptive or similar rights, taxes, liens, charges and other encumbrances with respect to the issue thereof. The Conversion Shares are duly authorized and reserved for issuance and, upon conversion of the Note in accordance with its respective terms, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and free from all taxes, liens, claims and encumbrances with respect to the issue thereof and shall not be subject to preemptive rights or other similar rights of shareholders of the Company and will not impose personal liability upon the holder thereof. The issuance of the Make-Whole Shares is duly authorized and, upon issuance in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Make-Whole Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and free from all preemptive or similar rights, taxes, liens, charges and other encumbrances with respect to the issue thereof.

e. Acknowledgment of Dilution. The Company understands and acknowledges the potentially dilutive effect to the Common Stock upon the issuance of the Conversion Shares upon conversion of the Note. The Company further acknowledges that its obligation to issue Conversion Shares upon conversion of the Note in accordance with this Agreement and the Note is absolute and unconditional regardless of the dilutive effect that such issuance may have on the ownership interests of other shareholders of the Company.

f. No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Note by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including, without limitation, the issuance and reservation for issuance of the Conversion Shares) will not (i) conflict with or result in a violation of any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws, or (ii) violate or conflict with, or result in a breach of any provision of, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both could become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture, patent, patent license or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party, or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws and regulations and regulations of any self-regulatory organizations to which the Company or its securities are subject) applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or by which any property or asset of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or affected (except for such conflicts, defaults, terminations, amendments, accelerations, cancellations and violations as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of its Certificate of Incorporation, By-laws or other organizational documents and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in default (and no event has occurred which with notice or lapse of time or both could put the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in default) under, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has taken any action or failed to take any action that would give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which any property or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or affected, except for possible defaults as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. The businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries, if any, are not being conducted, and shall not be conducted so long as the Buyer owns any of the Securities, in violation of any law, ordinance or regulation of any governmental entity. Except as specifically contemplated by this Agreement and as required under the 1933 Act and any applicable state securities laws, the Company is not required to obtain any consent, authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with, any court, governmental agency, regulatory agency, self-regulatory organization or stock market or any third party in order for it to execute, deliver or perform any of its obligations under this Agreement and the Note in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof or to issue and sell the Note in accordance with the terms hereof and to issue the Conversion Shares upon conversion of the Note. All consents, authorizations, orders, filings and registrations which the Company is required to obtain pursuant to the preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the date hereof. The Company is not in violation of the listing requirements of the OTCQB Market (the "OTCQB") or any similar quotation system, and does not reasonably anticipate that the Common Stock will be delisted by the OTCQB or any similar quotation system, in the foreseeable future nor are the Company's securities "chilled" by DTC. The Company and its Subsidiaries are unaware of any facts or circumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.

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g. SEC Documents; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by it with the SEC pursuant to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "1934 Act") since December 31, 2022 (all of the foregoing filed prior to the date hereof and all exhibits included therein and financial statements and schedules thereto and documents (other than exhibits to such documents) incorporated by reference therein, being hereinafter referred to herein as the "SEC Documents"). The Company has delivered to the Buyer true and complete copies of the SEC Documents, except for such exhibits and incorporated documents. As of their respective dates, the SEC Documents complied in all material respects with the requirements of the 1934 Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder applicable to the SEC Documents, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed with the SEC, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the statements made in any such SEC Documents is, or has been, required to be amended or updated under applicable law (except for such statements as have been amended or updated in subsequent filings prior the date hereof). As of their respective dates, the financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Documents complied as to form in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied, during the periods involved and fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of their operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments). Except as set forth in the financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Documents, the Company has no liabilities, contingent or otherwise, other than (i) liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business subsequent to December 31, 2022, and (ii) obligations under contracts and commitments incurred in the ordinary course of business and not required under generally accepted accounting principles to be reflected in such financial statements, which, individually or in the aggregate, are not material to the financial condition or operating results of the Company. The Company is subject to the reporting requirements of the 1934 Act. For the avoidance of doubt, filing of the documents required in this Section 3(g) via the SEC's Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system ("EDGAR") shall satisfy all delivery requirements of this Section 3(g).

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h. Absence of Certain Changes. Since December 31, 2022, there has been no material adverse change and no material adverse development in the assets, liabilities, business, properties, operations, financial condition, results of operations, prospects or 1934 Act reporting status of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

i. Absence of Litigation. There is no action, suit, claim, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, threatened against or affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or their officers or directors in their capacity as such, that could have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries are unaware of any facts or circumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing.

j. Patents, Copyrights, etc. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries owns or possesses the requisite licenses or rights to use all patents, patent applications, patent rights, inventions, know-how, trade secrets, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, service names, trade names and copyrights ("Intellectual Property") necessary to enable it to conduct its business as now operated (and, as presently contemplated to be operated in the future). There is no claim or action by any person pertaining to, or proceeding pending, or to the Company's knowledge threatened, which challenges the right of the Company or of a Subsidiary with respect to any Intellectual Property necessary to enable it to conduct its business as now operated (and, as presently contemplated to be operated in the future); to the best of the Company's knowledge, the Company's or its Subsidiaries' current and intended products, services and processes do not infringe on any Intellectual Property or other rights held by any person; and the Company is unaware of any facts or circumstances which might give rise to any of the foregoing. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of their Intellectual Property.

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k. No Materially Adverse Contracts, Etc. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to any charter, corporate or other legal restriction, or any judgment, decree, order, rule or regulation which in the judgment of the Company's officers has or is expected in the future to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any contract or agreement which in the judgment of the Company's officers has or is expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

l. Tax Status. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries has made or filed all material federal, state and foreign income and all other material tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject (unless and only to the extent that the Company and each of its Subsidiaries has set aside on its books provisions reasonably adequate for the payment of all unpaid and unreported taxes) and has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations, except those being contested in good faith and has set aside on its books provisions reasonably adequate for the payment of all taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company know of no basis for any such claim. The Company has not executed a waiver with respect to the statute of limitations relating to the assessment or collection of any foreign, federal, state or local tax. None of the Company's tax returns is to the Company's knowledge presently being audited by any taxing authority.

m. Certain Transactions. Except for arm's length transactions pursuant to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries makes payments in the ordinary course of business upon terms no less favorable than the Company or any of its Subsidiaries could obtain from third parties, none of the officers, directors, or employees of the Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any corporation, partnership, trust or other entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee or partner.

n. Disclosure. All information relating to or concerning the Company or any of its Subsidiaries set forth in this Agreement is true and correct in all material respects and the Company has not omitted to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made herein or therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No event or circumstance has occurred or exists with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or its or their business, properties, prospects, operations or financial conditions, which, under applicable law, rule or regulation, requires public disclosure or announcement by the Company but which has not been so publicly announced or disclosed (assuming for this purpose that the Company's reports filed under the 1934 Act are being incorporated by reference into an effective registration statement filed by the Company under the 1933 Act).

o. Acknowledgment Regarding Buyer' Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Buyer is acting solely in the capacity of arm's length purchasers with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company further acknowledges that the Buyer is not acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and any statement made by the Buyer or any of its representatives or agents in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby is not advice or a recommendation and is merely incidental to the Buyer's purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to the Buyer that the Company's decision to enter into this Agreement has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the Company and its representatives.

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p. No Integrated Offering. Neither the Company, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on its or their behalf, has directly or indirectly made any offers or sales in any security or solicited any offers to buy any security under circumstances that would require registration under the 1933 Act of the issuance of the Securities to the Buyer. The issuance of the Securities to the Buyer will not be integrated with any other issuance of the Company's securities (past, current or future) for purposes of any shareholder approval provisions applicable to the Company or its securities.

q. [Reserved].

r. Permits; Compliance. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries is in possession of all material franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits, easements, variances, exemptions, consents, certificates, approvals and orders necessary to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted (collectively, the "Company Permits"), except where the failure to possess a Company Permit would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect and there is no action pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened regarding suspension or cancellation of any of the Company Permits. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in conflict with, or in default or violation of, any of the Company Permits, except for any such conflicts, defaults or violations which, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Since December 31, 2022, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notification with respect to possible conflicts, defaults or violations of applicable laws, except for notices relating to possible conflicts, defaults or violations, which conflicts, defaults or violations would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

s. Environmental Matters.

(i) There are, to the Company's knowledge, with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any predecessor of the Company, no past or present violations of Environmental Laws (as defined below), releases of any material into the environment, actions, activities, circumstances, conditions, events, incidents, or contractual obligations which may give rise to any common law environmental liability or any liability under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 or similar federal, state, local or foreign laws and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice with respect to any of the foregoing, nor is any action pending or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened in connection with any of the foregoing. The term "Environmental Laws" means all federal, state, local or foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including, without limitation, laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, "Hazardous Materials") into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder.

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(ii) Other than those that are or were stored, used or disposed of in compliance with applicable law, no Hazardous Materials are contained on or about any real property currently owned, leased or used by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and no Hazardous Materials were released on or about any real property previously owned, leased or used by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries during the period the property was owned, leased or used by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, except in the normal course of the Company's or any of its Subsidiaries' business.

(iii) There are no underground storage tanks on or under any real property owned, leased or used by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that are not in compliance with applicable law.

t. Title to Property. The Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property and good and marketable title to all personal property owned by them which is material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects or such as would not have a Material Adverse Effect. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and its Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

u. Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient, in the judgment of the Board, to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or specific authorization and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.

v. Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company, nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor any director, officer, agent, employee or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary has, in the course of his actions for, or on behalf of, the Company, used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity; made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee from corporate funds; violated or is in violation of any provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or made any bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee.

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w. Solvency. The Company (after giving effect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) is solvent (i.e., its assets have a fair market value in excess of the amount required to pay its probable liabilities on its existing debts as they become absolute and matured) and currently the Company has no information that would lead it to reasonably conclude that the Company would not, after giving effect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, have the ability to, nor does it intend to take any action that would impair its ability to, pay its debts from time to time incurred in connection therewith as such debts mature. The Company did not receive a qualified opinion from its auditors with respect to its most recent fiscal year end other than with respect to its ability to continue as a "going concern" and, after giving effect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, does not anticipate or know of any basis upon which its auditors might issue a qualified opinion in respect of its current fiscal year (other than with respect to its ability to continue as a "going concern").

x. No Investment Company. The Company is not, and upon the issuance and sale of the Securities as contemplated by this Agreement will not be an "investment company" required to be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (an "Investment Company"). The Company is not controlled by an Investment Company.

y. Insurance. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as management of the Company believes to be prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and its Subsidiaries are engaged. Neither the Company nor any such Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not have a Material Adverse Effect. Upon written request the Company will provide to the Buyer true and correct copies of all policies relating to directors' and officers' liability coverage, errors and omissions coverage, and commercial general liability coverage.

z. Bad Actor. No officer or director of the Company would be disqualified under Rule 506(d) of the 1933 Act on the basis of being a "bad actor" as that term is defined in the Rule 506(d)(4) under the SEC 1933 Act.

aa. Shell Status. The Company represents that it is not a "shell" issuer and that if it previously has been a "shell" issuer, that at least twelve (12) months have passed since the Company has reported Form 10 type information indicating that it is no longer a "shell" issuer. Further, the Company will instruct its counsel to either (i) write a 144 or 3(a)(9) opinion to allow for salability of the Conversion Shares or (ii) accept such opinion from Holder's counsel.

bb. No-Off Balance Sheet Arrangements. There is no transaction, arrangement, or other relationship between the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and an unconsolidated or other off balance sheet entity that is required to be disclosed by the Company in its SEC Documents and is not so disclosed or that otherwise could be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect.

cc. Manipulation of Price. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has: (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result, or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result, in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company.

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dd. Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company and each Subsidiary is in material compliance with all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof.

ee. Employee Relations. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any collective bargaining agreement or employs any member of a union. The Company believes that its and its Subsidiaries' relations with their respective employees are good. No executive officer (as defined in Rule 501(f) promulgated under the 1933 Act) or other key employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has notified the Company or any such Subsidiary that such officer intends to leave the Company or any such Subsidiary or otherwise terminate such officer's employment with the Company or any such Subsidiary. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer or other key employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement, non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant, and the continued employment of each such executive officer or other key employee (as the case may be) does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations respecting labor, employment and employment practices and benefits, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where failure to be in compliance would not, either individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

ff. Breach of Representations and Warranties by the Company. The Company agrees that if the Company breaches any of the representations or warranties set forth in this Section 3, and in addition to any other remedies available to the Buyer pursuant to this Agreement and it being considered an Event of Default under Section 3.5 of the Note, the Company shall pay to the Buyer the Standard Liquidated Damages Amount in cash or in shares of Common Stock, at the option of the Company, until such breach is cured. If the Company elects to pay the Standard Liquidated Damages Amounts in shares of Common Stock, such shares shall be issued at the Conversion Price at the time of payment.

4. COVENANTS.

a. Best Efforts. The parties shall use their commercially reasonable best efforts to satisfy timely each of the conditions described in Section 8 and 9 of this Agreement.

b. Form D; Blue Sky Laws. If requested by Buyer, the Company agrees to file a Form D with respect to the Securities as required under Regulation D and to provide a copy thereof to the Buyer promptly after such filing. The Company shall, on or before the Closing Date, take such action as the Company shall reasonably determine is necessary to qualify the Securities for sale to the Buyer at the applicable closing pursuant to this Agreement under applicable securities or "blue sky" laws of the states of the United States (or to obtain an exemption from such qualification), and shall provide evidence of any such action so taken to the Buyer on or prior to the Closing Date.

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c. Use of Proceeds. The Company shall use the proceeds from the sale of the Note for working capital and other general corporate purposes and shall not, directly or indirectly, use such proceeds for any loan to or investment in any other corporation, partnership, enterprise or other person (except in connection with its currently existing direct or indirect Subsidiaries).

d. Right of First Refusal.

(i) Unless it shall have first delivered to the Buyer, at least seventy two (72) hours prior to the closing of such Future Offering (as defined herein), written notice describing the proposed Future Offering, including the terms and conditions thereof, and providing the Buyer an option during the seventy two (72) hour period following delivery of such notice to purchase the securities being offered in the Future Offering on the same terms as contemplated by such Future Offering (the limitations referred to in this sentence and the preceding sentence are collectively referred to as the "Right of First Refusal") (and subject to the exceptions described below), the Company will not conduct any equity financing (including debt with an equity component) ("Future Offerings") during the period beginning on the Closing Date and ending six (6) months following the Closing Date. In the event the terms and conditions of a proposed Future Offering are amended in any respect after delivery of the notice to the Buyer concerning the proposed Future Offering, the Company shall deliver a new notice to the Buyer describing the amended terms and conditions of the proposed Future Offering and the Buyer thereafter shall have an option during the seventy two (72) hour period following delivery of such new notice to purchase its pro rata share of the securities being offered on the same terms as contemplated by such proposed Future Offering, as amended. The foregoing sentence shall apply to successive amendments to the terms and conditions of any proposed Future Offering. The Right of First Refusal shall not apply to any transaction involving (i) issuances of securities in a firm commitment underwritten public offering (excluding a continuous offering pursuant to Rule 415 under the 1933 Act), (ii) issuances to employees, officers, directors, contractors, consultants or other advisors approved by the Board, (iii) issuances to strategic partners or other parties in connection with a commercial relationship, or providing the Company with equipment leases, real property leases or similar transactions approved by the Board (including issuances to vendors or suppliers of the Company in satisfaction of amounts owed to such vendors or suppliers), (iv) issuances of securities as consideration for a merger, consolidation or purchase of assets, or in connection with any strategic partnership or joint venture (the primary purpose of which is not to raise equity capital), or in connection with the disposition or acquisition of a business, product or license by the Company, (v) issuances of Common Stock in connection with the conversion of notes and or preferred stock outstanding as of the Issuance Date, and (vi) the issuance of the Make- Whole Shares and issuances of Common Stock upon conversion of the Note (each of the foregoing, an "Exempt Issuance"). The Right of First Refusal also shall not apply to the issuance of securities upon exercise or conversion of the Company's options, warrants or other convertible securities outstanding as of the date hereof or to the grant of additional options or warrants, or the issuance of additional securities, under any Company stock option or restricted stock plan approved by the shareholders of the Company.

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(ii) Buyer, whether or not participating in a particular Future Offering, shall have the right, exercisable at any time, to accept the securities and/or any term of such Future Offering in lieu of the Securities and the terms of this Agreement ("MFN Right"). If the Company receives such notice from Buyer of the exercise of its MFN Right, then: (A) effective immediately (or upon the closing of such Future Offering, if such closing has not yet occurred), the terms of the Securities (and, if and to the extent relevant, the underlying securities) then held by Buyer and this Agreement (collectively, "Present Terms") shall automatically be amended by (i) substituting the form, mix and terms of such securities (and, if and to the extent relevant, the underlying securities) with those of the securities to be issued in such Future Offering and (ii) incorporating by reference, mutatis mutandis, the terms of such Future Offering in lieu of the Present Terms; and (B) thereafter, upon the reasonable request of the Company or Buyer, the parties shall reasonably cooperate with each other in order to further or better evidence or effect such substitution(s) and amendment(s), and to otherwise carry out the intent and purposes of this Section 4(d)(ii), including the physical exchange of securities for such securities as are issued pursuant to a Future Offering.

e. Expenses. The Company shall reimburse Buyer for any and all expenses incurred by them in connection with the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' and consultants' fees and expenses, transfer agent fees, fees for stock quotation services, fees relating to any amendments or modifications of the Transaction Documents or any consents or waivers of provisions in the Transaction Documents, fees for the preparation of opinions of counsel, escrow fees, and costs of restructuring the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. When possible, the Company must pay these fees directly, including, but not limited to, any and all wire fees, otherwise the Company must make immediate payment for reimbursement to the Buyer for all fees and expenses immediately upon written notice by the Buyer or the submission of an invoice by the Buyer. At Closing, the Company's initial obligation with respect to this transaction is to reimburse Buyer's legal expenses shall be $7,500.00 plus the cost of wire fees.

f. Financial Information. The Company agrees to send or make available the following reports to the Buyer until the Buyer transfers, assigns, or sells all of the Securities: (i) within ten (10) days after the filing with the SEC, a copy of its Annual Report on Form 10-K, its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and any Current Report on Form 8-K; (ii) within one (1) day after release, copies of all press releases issued by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; and (iii) contemporaneously with the making available or giving to the shareholders of the Company, copies of any notices or other information the Company makes available or gives to such shareholders. For the avoidance of doubt, filing the documents required in (i) above via EDGAR or releasing any documents set forth in (ii) above via a recognized wire service shall satisfy the delivery requirements of this Section 4(f).

g. Listing. The Company shall promptly secure the listing of the Conversion Shares upon each national securities exchange or automated quotation system, if any, upon which shares of Common Stock are then listed (subject to official notice of issuance) and, so long as the Buyer owns any of the Securities, shall maintain, so long as any other shares of Common Stock shall be so listed, such listing of all Conversion Shares from time to time issuable upon conversion of the Note. The Company will obtain and, so long as the Buyer owns any of the Securities, maintain the listing and trading of its Common Stock on the OTC Pink, OTCQB or any equivalent replacement exchange, Nasdaq Global Select Market, Nasdaq Global Market, or Nasdaq Capital Market (collectively ,"Nasdaq"), the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"), or the NYSE American and will comply in all respects with the Company's reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA") and such exchanges, as applicable. The Company shall promptly provide to the Buyer copies of any material notices it receives from the OTC Pink, OTCQB and any other exchanges or quotation systems on which the Common Stock is then listed regarding the continued eligibility of the Common Stock for listing on such exchanges and quotation systems. The Company shall pay any and all fees and expenses in connection with satisfying its obligation under this Section 4(g).

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h. Corporate Existence. So long as the Buyer beneficially owns the Note, the Company shall maintain its corporate existence and shall not sell all or substantially all of the Company's assets, except in the event of a merger or consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of the Company's assets, where the surviving or successor entity in such transaction (i) assumes the Company's obligations hereunder and under the agreements and instruments entered into in connection herewith and (ii) is a publicly traded corporation whose Common Stock is listed for trading on the OTC Pink, OTCQB, Nasdaq, NYSE or NYSE American.

i. No Integration. The Company shall not make any offers or sales of any security (other than the Securities) under circumstances that would require registration of the Securities being offered or sold hereunder under the 1933 Act or cause the offering of the Securities to be integrated with any other offering of securities by the Company for the purpose of any stockholder approval provision applicable to the Company or its securities.

j. Failure to Comply with 1934 Act Requirements. So long as the Buyer beneficially owns the Note, the Company shall comply with the reporting requirements of the 1934 Act; and the Company shall continue to be subject to the reporting requirements of the 1934 Act.

k. Restriction on Activities. Commencing as of the date first above written, and until the sooner of the twelve (12) month anniversary of the date first written above or payment of the Note in full, or full conversion of the Note, the Company shall not, directly or indirectly, without the Buyer's prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld: (a) change the nature of its business; (b) sell, divest, acquire, change the structure of any material assets other than in the ordinary course of business; or (c) solicit any offers for, respond to any unsolicited offers for, or conduct any negotiations with any other person or entity in respect of any variable rate debt transactions (i.e., transactions were the conversion or exercise price of the security issued by the Company varies based on the market price of the Common Stock), whether a transaction similar to the one contemplated hereby or any other investment.

l. Legal Counsel Opinions. Upon the request of the Buyer from to time to time, the Company shall be responsible (at its cost) for promptly supplying to the Company's Transfer Agent (the "Transfer Agent") and the Buyer a customary legal opinion letter of its counsel (the "Legal Counsel Opinion") to the effect that the sale of Conversion Shares and/or Make-Whole Shares by the Buyer or its affiliates, successors and assigns is exempt from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act pursuant to Rule 144 (provided the requirements of Rule 144 are satisfied and provided the Conversion Shares and/or Make-Whole Shares are not then registered under the 1933 Act for resale pursuant to an effective registration statement) or other applicable exemption. Should the Company's legal counsel fail for any reason to issue the Legal Counsel Opinion, the Buyer may (at the Company's cost) secure another legal counsel to issue the Legal Counsel Opinion, and the Company will instruct the Transfer Agent to accept such opinion. For the avoidance of doubt, and anything to the contrary in this Section 4(l) notwithstanding, the Buyer may obtain the legal opinion referenced in this Section 4(l) from counsel of its own choosing without first requesting a Legal Counsel Opinion from the Company, and in such instance (provided the requirements of Rule 144 are satisfied) the Company will instruct the Company's transfer agent to accept such legal opinion from counsel selected by the Buyer as if it were a Legal Counsel Opinion delivered by the Company's counsel.

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m. Par Value. If the closing bid price at any time the Note is outstanding falls below $0.0001, the Company shall cause the par value of its Common Stock to be reduced to $0.00001 or less.

n. Breach of Covenants. The Company agrees that if the Company breaches any of the covenants set forth in this Section 4, and in addition to any other remedies available to the Buyer pursuant to this Agreement, it will be considered an Event of Default under Section 3.4 of the Note, the Company shall pay to the Buyer the Standard Liquidated Damages Amount in cash or in shares of Common Stock at the option of the Buyer, until such breach is cured or, with respect to Section 4(d) above, the Company shall pay to the Buyer the Standard Liquidated Damages Amount in cash or shares of Common Stock, at the option of the Buyer, upon each violation of such provision. If the Company elects to pay the Standard Liquidated Damages Amounts in shares of Common Stock, such shares shall be issued at the Conversion Price in effect at the time of payment.

o. Make-Whole Shares. Reference is made to (i) that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 2, 2021, by and between the Company and the Buyer (as amended from time to time, the "2021 SPA"); and (ii) that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 23, 2022, by and between the Company and the Buyer (as amended from time to time, the "2022 SPA"). Pursuant to Section 4(o) of each of the 2021 SPA and the 2022 SPA, the Company agreed to issue the Buyer certain Commitment Fee Shares (as defined in each of the 2021 SPA and the 2022 SPA, respectively), and to issue the Buyer certain additional shares of Common Stock pursuant to one or more Sale Reconciliations (as defined in each of the 2021 SPA and the 2022 SPA, respectively) until such time as the Buyer has received the full amount of the Commitment Fee (as defined in each of the 2021 SPA and the 2022 SPA, respectively). As a further inducement for the Buyer to enter into the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Company agrees that the Adjustment Period (as defined in each of the 2021 SPA and the 2022 SPA, respectively) shall be extended until the later of (y) thirty-six (36) months from the date of this Agreement, and (z) thirty-six (36) months from the last date of the Adjustment Period as originally provided in the 2021 SPA or the 2022 SPA, as applicable. For the avoidance of doubt, Section 4(o) of each of the 2021 SPA and the 2022 SPA shall be deemed to be amended as necessary to amend the definition of "Adjustment Period" as provided in the foregoing, and all other provisions of such Section 4(o) of each of the 2021 SPA and 2022 SPA shall continue in full force and effect, regardless of any prior expiration of any Adjustment Period. Any such shares of Common Stock that are issued pursuant to a Sale Reconciliation (whether pursuant to the 2021 SPA or the 2022 SPA) shall be referred to as the "Make-Whole Shares."

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5. Transaction Expense Amount. Upon Closing, the Company shall pay Buyer's legal counsel $7,500 to cover the Buyer's legal fees incurred in connection herewith (the "Transaction Expense Amount") pursuant to Section 4(e). The Transaction Expense Amount shall be offset against the proceeds of the Note and shall be paid to Buyer upon the execution hereof.

6. Reserved.

7. Transfer Agent Instructions. The Company shall issue irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent to issue certificates, registered in the name of the Buyer or its nominee, for the Conversion Shares and the Make-Whole Shares in such amounts as specified from time to time by the Buyer to the Company upon conversion of the Note in accordance with the terms thereof (the "Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions"). In the event that the Company proposes to replace its transfer agent, the Company shall provide, prior to the effective date of such replacement, a fully executed Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions in a form as initially delivered pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (including but not limited to the provision to irrevocably reserve shares of Common Stock in the amount of the Reserved Amount, as such term is defined in the Note) signed by the successor transfer agent to Company and the Company. Prior to registration of the Conversion Shares and the Make-Whole Shares under the 1933 Act or the date on which the Conversion Shares and the Make-Whole Shares may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 or other applicable exemption without any restriction as to the number of Securities as of a particular date that can then be immediately sold, all such certificates shall bear the restrictive legend specified in Section 2(g) of this Agreement. The Company warrants that: (i) no instruction other than the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions referred to in this Section, and stop transfer instructions to give effect to Section 2(f) hereof (in the case of the Conversion Shares and the Make-Whole Shares, prior to registration of the Conversion Shares and the Make-Whole Shares under the 1933 Act or the date on which the Conversion Shares and the Make-Whole Shares may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 or other applicable exemption without any restriction as to the number of Securities as of a particular date that can then be immediately sold), will be given by the Company to the Transfer Agent and that the Securities shall otherwise be freely transferable on the books and records of the Company as and to the extent provided in this Agreement and the Note; (ii) it will not direct the Transfer Agent not to transfer or delay, impair, and/or hinder the Transfer Agent in transferring (or issuing) (electronically or in certificated form) any certificate for Conversion Shares or the Make-Whole Shares under the 1933 Act or the date on which the Conversion Shares are to be issued to the Buyer upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the Note as and when required by the Note and this Agreement; and (iii) it will not fail to remove (or directs its transfer agent not to remove or impairs, delays, and/or hinders its transfer agent from removing) any restrictive legend (or to withdraw any stop transfer instructions in respect thereof) on any certificate for any Conversion Shares issued to the Buyer upon conversion of or otherwise pursuant to the Note as and when required by the Note and this Agreement or any Make-Whole Shares issued to the Buyer pursuant to this Agreement as and when required by the this Agreement. Nothing in this Section shall affect in any way the Buyer's obligations and agreement set forth in Section 2(g) hereof to comply with all applicable prospectus delivery requirements, if any, upon re-sale of the Securities. If the Buyer provides the Company, at the cost of the Company, with (i) an opinion of counsel in form, substance and scope customary for opinions in comparable transactions, to the effect that a public sale or transfer of such Securities may be made without registration under the 1933 Act and such sale or transfer is effected or (ii) the Buyer provides reasonable assurances that the Securities can be sold pursuant to Rule 144 or other applicable exemption, the Company shall permit the transfer, and, in the case of the Conversion Shares and the Make-Whole Shares, promptly instruct the Transfer Agent to issue one or more certificates, free from restrictive legend, in such name and in such denominations as specified by the Buyer. The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Buyer, by vitiating the intent and purpose of the transactions contemplated hereby. Accordingly, the Company acknowledges that the remedy at law for a breach of its obligations under this Section may be inadequate and agrees, in the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Company of the provisions of this Section, that the Buyer shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies, to an injunction restraining any breach and requiring immediate transfer, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required.

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8. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO THE COMPANY'S OBLIGATIONS TO SELL. The obligation of the Company hereunder to issue and sell the Note to the Buyer at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the Closing Date of each of the following conditions thereto, provided that these conditions are for the Company's sole benefit and may be waived by the Company at any time in its sole discretion:

a. The Buyer shall have executed this Agreement and delivered the same to the Company.

b. The Buyer shall have delivered the Purchase Price in accordance with Section 1(b) above.

c. The representations and warranties of the Buyer shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date when made and as of the Closing Date as though made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date), and the Buyer shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Buyer at or prior to the Closing Date.

d. No litigation, statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated or endorsed by or in any court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction or any self-regulatory organization having authority over the matters contemplated hereby which prohibits the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

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9. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO THE BUYER'S OBLIGATION TO PURCHASE. The obligation of the Buyer hereunder to purchase the Note at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction, at or before the Closing Date of each of the following conditions, provided that these conditions are for the Buyer's sole benefit and may be waived by the Buyer at any time in its sole discretion:

a. The Company shall have executed this Agreement and delivered the same to the Buyer.

b. The Company shall have delivered to the Buyer the duly executed Note.

c. The Company shall have delivered to the Buyer a duly executed Make-Whole Representation in a form acceptable to Buyer.

d. The Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, in form and substance satisfactory to the Buyer, shall have been delivered to and acknowledged in writing by the Company's Transfer Agent.

e. The representations and warranties of the Company shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date when made and as of the Closing Date as though made at such time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date) and the Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior to the Closing Date. The Buyer shall have received a certificate or certificates, executed by the chief executive officer of the Company, dated as of the Closing Date, to the foregoing effect and as to such other matters as may be reasonably requested by the Buyer including, but not limited to certificates with respect to the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, By-laws and Board resolutions relating to the transactions contemplated hereby.

f. No litigation, statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated or endorsed by or in any court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction or any self-regulatory organization having authority over the matters contemplated hereby which prohibits the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

g. No event shall have occurred which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company including but not limited to a change in the 1934 Act reporting status of the Company or the failure of the Company to be timely in its 1934 Act reporting obligations.

h. The Conversion Shares and the Make-Whole Shares shall have been authorized for quotation on the OTC Pink, OTCQB or any similar quotation system and trading in the Common Stock on the OTC Pink, OTCQB or any similar quotation system shall not have been suspended by the SEC or the OTC Pink, OTCQB or any similar quotation system.

i. The Buyer shall have received an officer's certificate in a form acceptable to Buyer, dated as of the Closing Date.

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10. GOVERNING LAW; MISCELLANEOUS.

a. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Nevada without regard to principles of conflicts of laws. Any action brought by either party against the other concerning the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Note or any other agreement, certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby shall be brought only in the state courts located in the State of New York or in the federal courts located in the State of New York. The parties to this Agreement hereby irrevocably waive any objection to jurisdiction and venue of any action instituted hereunder and shall not assert any defense based on lack of jurisdiction or venue or based upon forum non conveniens. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR UNDER ANY OTHER TRANSACTION DOCUMENT OR IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, ANY OTHER TRANSACTION DOCUMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY. The prevailing party shall be entitled to recover from the other party its reasonable attorney's fees and costs. In the event that any provision of this Agreement or any other agreement delivered in connection herewith is invalid or unenforceable under any applicable statute or rule of law, then such provision shall be deemed inoperative to the extent that it may conflict therewith and shall be deemed modified to conform with such statute or rule of law. Any such provision which may prove invalid or unenforceable under any law shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of any agreement. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any suit, action or proceeding in connection with this Agreement or any other Transaction Document by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.

b. Counterparts; Signatures. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party. This Agreement, once executed by a party, may be delivered to the other party hereto by electronic or digital transmission of a copy of this Agreement bearing the signature of the party so delivering this Agreement.

c. Construction; Headings. This Agreement shall be deemed to be jointly drafted by the Company and the Buyer and shall not be construed against any person as the drafter hereof. The headings of this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Agreement.

d. Severability. In the event that any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable under any applicable statute or rule of law, then such provision shall be deemed inoperative to the extent that it may conflict therewith and shall be deemed modified to conform with such statute or rule of law. Any provision hereof which may prove invalid or unenforceable under any law shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof.

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e. Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement, the Note, and the instruments referenced herein contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the matters covered herein and therein and, except as specifically set forth herein or therein, neither the Company nor the Buyer makes any representation, warranty, covenant or undertaking with respect to such matters. No provision of this Agreement may be waived or amended other than by an instrument in writing signed by the Buyer.

f. Notices. All notices, demands, requests, consents, approvals, and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and, unless otherwise specified herein, shall be (i) personally served, (ii) deposited in the mail, registered or certified, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, (iii) delivered by reputable air courier service with charges prepaid, or (iv) transmitted by hand delivery, telegram, email, or facsimile, addressed as set forth below or to such other address as such party shall have specified most recently by written notice. Any notice or other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be deemed effective (a) upon hand delivery or delivery by email or facsimile, with accurate confirmation generated by the transmitting facsimile machine, at the address or number designated below (if delivered on a business day during normal business hours where such notice is to be received), or the first business day following such delivery (if delivered other than on a business day during normal business hours where such notice is to be received) or (b) on the second business day following the date of mailing by express courier service, fully prepaid, addressed to such address, or upon actual receipt of such mailing, whichever shall first occur. The addresses for such communications shall be:

If to the Company, to:

SusGlobal Energy Corp.

200 Davenport Road Toronto, ONT M5R 1J2 Canada

Attn: Marc Hazout

E-mail: mhazout@susglobalenergy.com

If to the Buyer:

AJB Capital Investments LLC

4700 Sheridan Street, Suite J Hollywood, FL 33021 Attn: Ari Blaine

Email: ari@ajbcapitalinvestments.com

Each party shall provide notice to the other party of any change in address.

g. Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and assigns. Neither the Company nor the Buyer shall assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the other. Notwithstanding the foregoing, subject to Section 2(f), the Buyer may assign its rights hereunder to any person that purchases Securities in a private transaction from the Buyer or to any of its "affiliates," as that term is defined under the 1934 Act, without the consent of the Company.

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h. Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other person.

i. Survival. The representations and warranties of the Company and the agreements and covenants set forth in this Agreement shall survive the closing hereunder not withstanding any due diligence investigation conducted by or on behalf of the Buyer. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Buyer and all their officers, directors, employees and agents for loss or damage arising as a result of or related to any breach or alleged breach by the Company of any of its representations, warranties and covenants set forth in this Agreement or any of its covenants and obligations under this Agreement, including advancement of expenses as they are incurred.

j. Further Assurances. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as the other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

k. No Strict Construction. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party.

l. Remedies. The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Buyer by vitiating the intent and purpose of the transaction contemplated hereby. Accordingly, the Company acknowledges that the remedy at law for a breach of its obligations under this Agreement will be inadequate and agrees, in the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Company of the provisions of this Agreement, that the Buyer shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies at law or in equity, and in addition to the penalties assessable herein, to an injunction or injunctions restraining, preventing or curing any breach of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions hereof, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required.

m. Publicity. The Company agrees that the Buyer shall have the right to review a reasonable period of time before issuance, any press releases, SEC, OTCQB or FINRA filings, or any other public statements with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, however, that the Company shall be entitled, without the prior approval of the Buyer, to make any press release or SEC, OTCQB (or other applicable trading market) or FINRA filings with respect to such transactions as is required by applicable law and regulations (although the Buyer shall be consulted by the Company in connection with any such press release prior to its release and shall be provided with a copy thereof and be given an opportunity to comment thereon).

23

n. Indemnification. In consideration of the Buyer's execution and delivery of this Agreement and acquiring the Securities hereunder, and in addition to all of the Company's other obligations under this Agreement or the Note, the Company shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless the Buyer and its stockholders, partners, members, officers, directors, employees and direct or indirect investors and any of the foregoing persons' agents or other representatives (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) (collectively, the "Indemnitees") from and against any and all actions, causes of action, suits, claims, losses, costs, penalties, fees, liabilities and damages, and expenses in connection therewith (irrespective of whether any such Indemnitee is a party to the action for which indemnification hereunder is sought), and including reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements (the "Indemnified Liabilities"), incurred by any Indemnitee as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (a) any misrepresentation or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Company in this Agreement or the Note or any other agreement, certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, (b) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the Company contained in this Agreement or the Note or any other agreement, certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby or (c) any cause of action, suit or claim brought or made against such Indemnitee by a third party (including for these purposes a derivative action brought on behalf of the Company) and arising out of or resulting from (i) the execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of this Agreement or the Note or any other agreement, certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, (ii) any transaction financed or to be financed in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, with the proceeds of the issuance of the Securities, or (iii) the status of the Buyer or holder of the Securities as an investor in the Company pursuant to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, other than in the case of this clause (c), as result of the gross negligence, willful misconduct or violation of law by the Buyer or any Indemnitee. To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Company may be unenforceable for any reason, the Company shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities that is permissible under applicable law.

[signature page follows]

24

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned Buyer and the Company have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written.

SUSGLOBAL ENERGY CORP.

 

By:___________________________

Name: Marc Hazout

Title: Chief Executive Officer

 

AJB CAPITAL INVESTMENTS LLC

By: AJB Capital Managers LLC, its manager

 

By:___________________________

Name: Ari Blaine

Title: Manager

 

Appendix A

Form of Make Whole Notice

MAKE WHOLE NOTICE

Reference is made to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement"), dated as of April 12, 2024 among SusGlobal Energy Corp., a Delaware corporation (the "Borrower") and AJB Capital Investments LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the "Buyer"). Pursuant to Section 4(o) of the Purchase Agreement, the undersigned hereby directs you to issue that number of shares of Common Stock constituting the "Make Whole Amount" as set forth below, of the Borrower, within two days of the date hereof or the next succeeding business day. No fee will be charged to the Buyer for any such issuance, except for transfer taxes, if any.

Box Checked as to applicable instructions:

[   ] The Borrower shall electronically transmit the Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Make Whole Notice to the account of the undersigned or its nominee with DTC through its Deposit Withdrawal Agent Commission system ("DWAC Transfer").
   
  Name of DTC Prime Broker:
  Account Number:
   
[   ] The undersigned hereby requests that the Borrower issue a certificate or certificates for the number of shares of Common Stock set forth below (which numbers are based on the Holder's calculation attached hereto) in the name(s) specified immediately below or, if additional space is necessary, on an attachment hereto:

Make Whole Amount (number of shares of common stock to be issued) ______________

AJB Capital Investments LLC

By: AJB Capital Managers LLC, its manager

 

By:____________________

Name: Ari Blaine

Its: Manager

 EX-31.1 9 exhibit31-1.htm EXHIBIT 31.1 SusGlobal Energy Corp.: Exhibit 31.1 - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Marc Hazout, certify that:

1.

I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the "Company");

 

 

2.

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

 

3.

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

 

4.

The Company's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:

 

(a)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

 

 

 

(b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

 

 

 

(c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

 

 

 

(d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The Company's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company's auditors and the Company's board of directors:

 

(a)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

 

 

 

 

(b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April XX, 2024

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Marc Hazout

 

 

Marc Hazout

 

 

Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

 

 

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2 10 exhibit31-2.htm EXHIBIT 31.2 SusGlobal Energy Corp.: Exhibit 31.2 - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Ike Makrimichalos, certify that:

1.

I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the "Company");

 

 

2.

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

 

3.

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

 

4.

The Company's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:

 

(a)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

 

 

 

(b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

 

 

 

(c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

 

 

 

(d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The Company's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company's auditors and the Company's board of directors:

 

(a)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

 

 

 

 

(b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April XX, 2024

 

  

 

    

 

By:

/s/ Ike Makrimichalos

 

  

Ike Makrimichalos

 

  

Chief Financial Officer

 

  

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
EX-32 11 exhibit32.htm EXHIBIT 32 SusGlobal Energy Corp.: Exhibit 32 - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In accordance with 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Marc Hazout, the Chief Executive Officer of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the "Registrant"), and Ike Makrimichalos, the Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant, each hereby certifies that, to the best of their knowledge:

1. The Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2023, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32 (the "Report"), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition of the Registrant at the end of the period covered by the Report and results of operations of the Registrant for the periods covered by the Report.

Date: May XX, 2024

  By: /s/ Marc Hazout
    Marc Hazout
    Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
    (Principal Executive Officer)
     
  By: /s/ Ike Makrimichalos
    Ike Makrimichalos
    Chief Financial Officer
    (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1 12 exhibit32-1.htm EXHIBIT 32.1 SusGlobal Energy Corp.: Exhibit 32.1 - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In accordance with 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Marc Hazout, the Chief Executive Officer of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the "Registrant"), and Ike Makrimichalos, the Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant, each hereby certifies that, to the best of his knowledge:

1.

The Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2023, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the "Report"), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

 

 

2.

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition of the Registrant at the end of the period covered by the Report and results of operations of the Registrant for the periods covered by the Report.

Date: April XX, 2024

By:

/s/ Marc Hazout

 

Marc Hazout

 

Chief Executive Officer

 

(Principal Executive Officer)

By:

/s/ Ike Makrimichalos

 

Ike Makrimichalos

 

Chief Financial Officer

 

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 
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    Document and Entity Information - USD ($)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    May 14, 2024
    Jun. 30, 2023
    Cover [Abstract]      
    Entity Registrant Name SUSGLOBAL ENERGY CORP.    
    Entity Central Index Key 0001652539    
    Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
    Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
    Entity Filer Category Non-accelerated Filer    
    Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   125,332,019  
    Document Type 10-K    
    Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2023    
    Amendment Flag false    
    Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
    Document Fiscal Year Focus 2023    
    Entity Small Business true    
    Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
    Entity Shell Company false    
    Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
    Entity Voluntary Filers No    
    Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No    
    Entity Public Float     $ 29,118,211
    Entity File Number 000-56024    
    Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE    
    Document Transition Report false    
    Entity Address, Address Line One 200 Davenport Road    
    Entity Address, City or Town Toronto    
    Entity Address, State or Province ON    
    Entity Address, Country CA    
    Entity Address, Postal Zip Code M5R1J2    
    City Area Code 416    
    Local Phone Number 223-8500    
    Entity Tax Identification Number 38-4039116    
    Document Annual Report true    
    ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag false    
    Auditor Name M&K CPAS, PLLC    
    Auditor Location The Woodlands, TX    
    Auditor Firm ID 2738    
    Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag] false    
    XML 24 R2.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Current Assets    
    Cash $ 1,263 $ 42,900
    Trade receivables 55,579 69,193
    Government remittances receivable 41,330 6,983
    Inventory 0 58,695
    Prepaid expenses and deposits 335,368 580,852
    Total Current Assets 433,540 758,623
    Long-lived Assets, net 11,322,363 9,107,152
    Long-Term Assets 11,322,363 9,107,152
    Total Assets 11,755,903 9,865,775
    Current Liabilities    
    Accounts payable 3,960,270 3,475,691
    Government remittances payable 473,691 371,587
    Accrued liabilities 5,942,684 1,781,258
    Current portion of long-term debt 9,371,941 8,816,931
    Current portion of obligations under capital lease 66,037 57,275
    Convertible promissory notes -in default 10,519,824 7,796,433
    Loans payable to related parties 489,516 40,000
    Total Current Liabilities 30,823,963 22,339,175
    Long-term debt 0 52,495
    Obligations under capital lease 0 64,483
    Total Long-term Liabilities 0 116,978
    Total Liabilities 30,823,963 22,456,153
    Stockholders' Deficiency    
    Preferred stock, $.0001 par value, 10,000,000 authorized, none issued and outstanding
    Common stock, $.0001 par value, 150,000,000 authorized, 125,272,975 (2022- 113,438,832) shares issued and outstanding 12,531 11,348
    Additional paid-in capital 19,539,606 17,152,018
    Shares to be issued 213,600
    Accumulated deficit (38,570,531) (30,345,197)
    Accumulated other comprehensive loss (49,666) 377,853
    Stockholders' deficiency (19,068,060) (12,590,378)
    Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficiency $ 11,755,903 $ 9,865,775
    XML 25 R3.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
    Preferred Stock, Par Value Per Share $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
    Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized 10,000,000 10,000,000
    Preferred Stock, Shares Issued 0 0
    Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding 0 0
    Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
    Common Stock, Shares Authorized 150,000,000 150,000,000
    Common Stock, Shares, Issued 125,272,975 113,438,832
    Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding 125,272,975 113,438,832
    XML 26 R4.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    CAD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    $ / shares
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2022
    CAD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    $ / shares
    shares
    Revenue   $ 610,461   $ 720,055
    Cost of Sales        
    Opening inventory   58,695   20,582
    Depreciation $ 517,433 383,418 $ 588,146 452,402
    Cost of sales   2,169,025   1,230,176
    Less: closing inventory   0   (58,695)
    Total cost of sales   2,169,025   1,171,481
    Gross loss   (1,558,564)   (451,426)
    Operating expenses        
    Management compensation-stock- based compensation   230,400   240,450
    Management compensation-fees   466,830   461,520
    Professional fees   580,596   900,458
    Marketing   122,978   991,383
    Interest expense   830,797   799,716
    Office and administration   508,144   338,136
    Rent expense   212,521   215,482
    Insurance   43,034   79,158
    Filing fees   42,490   80,926
    Amortization of financing costs   115,175   109,765
    Repairs and maintenance   22,771   (5,895)
    Director compensation   71,579   57,690
    Stock-based compensation   795,297   2,092,230
    Foreign exchange (income) loss   (325,364)   971,641
    Total operating expenses   3,717,248   7,332,660
    Net Loss Before Other Loss   (5,275,812)   (7,784,086)
    Other Income (Expenses)   (2,949,522)   (4,298,550)
    Net Loss Before Income Taxes   (8,225,334)   (12,082,636)
    Income Taxes Recovery   0   72,088
    Net Loss   (8,225,334)   (12,010,548)
    Other comprehensive loss        
    Foreign exchange (loss) income   (427,519)   713,813
    Comprehensive loss   $ (8,652,853)   $ (11,296,735)
    Net loss per share- basic (in dollars per share) | $ / shares   $ (0.07)   $ (0.12)
    Net loss per share- diluted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares   $ (0.07)   $ (0.12)
    Weighted average number of common shares outstanding- basic (in shares) | shares 121,529,659 121,529,659 102,746,746 102,746,746
    Weighted average number of common shares outstanding- diluted (in shares) | shares 121,529,659 121,529,659 102,746,746 102,746,746
    Direct wages and benefits [Member]        
    Cost of Sales        
    Total cost of sales   $ 129,319   $ 225,484
    Equipment rental, delivery, fuel and repairs and maintenance [Member]        
    Cost of Sales        
    Total cost of sales   1,467,501   459,917
    Utilities [Member]        
    Cost of Sales        
    Total cost of sales   115,331   45,575
    Outside contractors [Member]        
    Cost of Sales        
    Total cost of sales   $ 14,761   $ 26,216
    XML 27 R5.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)
    Common Shares [Member]
    Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]
    Shares to be Issued [Member]
    Accumulated Deficit [Member]
    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]
    Total
    Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2021 $ 9,302 $ 11,272,599 $ 59,640 $ (18,334,649) $ (335,960) $ (7,329,068)
    Beginning Balance (Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021 92,983,547          
    Shares issued for proceeds previously received $ 23 48,967 (48,990)     0
    Shares issued for proceeds previously received (Shares) 230,000          
    Share issued to officers $ 105 240,345       240,450
    Share issued to officers (Shares) 1,050,000          
    Shares issued to employee $ 1 1,989       $ 1,990
    Shares issued to employee (Shares) 10,000         10,000
    Shares issued on issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt $ 413 1,652,302       $ 1,652,715
    Shares issued on issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt (in Shares) 4,125,211         4,125,211
    Shares issued on extension of maturity dates on debt $ 162 230,905       $ 231,067
    Shares issued on extension of maturity dates on debt (Shares) 1,616,667          
    Shares issued on conversion of related party debt $ 19 33,117       33,136
    Shares issued on conversion of related party debt (in shares) 193,778          
    Shares issued on private placement $ 444 907,316       $ 907,760
    Shares issued on private placement (Shares) 4,444,041         4,444,041
    Shares issued on conversion of debt to equity $ 237 579,010       $ 579,247
    Shares issued on conversion of debt to equity (Shares) 2,372,090          
    Shares issued for professional services $ 666 2,185,444       $ 2,186,110
    Shares issued for professional services (Shares) 6,655,000         6,655,000
    Shares returned to treasury $ (24) 24       $ 0
    Shares returned to treasury (Shares) (241,502)          
    Shares yet to be issued     202,950     202,950
    Other comprehensive loss         713,813 713,813
    Net loss       (12,010,548)   (12,010,548)
    Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 11,348 17,152,018 213,600 (30,345,197) 377,853 (12,590,378)
    Ending Balance (Shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 113,438,832          
    Shares issued for proceeds previously received $ 50 153,450 (153,500)     0
    Shares issued for proceeds previously received (Shares) 500,000          
    Share issued to officers $ 310 446,090       446,400
    Share issued to officers (Shares) 3,100,000          
    Shares issued to employee $ 2 2,878       $ 2,880
    Shares issued to employee (Shares) 20,000         20,000
    Share issued to director $ 10 20,990       $ 21,000
    Share issued to director(Shares) 100,000          
    Shares issued on conversion of related party debt $ 291 578,710       579,001
    Shares issued on conversion of related party debt (in shares) 2,911,852          
    Shares issued on private placement $ 153 380,818       $ 380,971
    Shares issued on private placement (Shares) 1,536,582         1,536,582
    Shares issued on conversion of debt to equity $ 165 373,835       $ 374,000
    Shares issued on conversion of debt to equity (Shares) 1,650,709          
    Shares issued for professional services $ 179 396,716       $ 396,895
    Shares issued for professional services (Shares) 1,790,000         1,790,000
    Shares issued for other services $ 23 $ 34,101       $ 34,124
    Shares issued for other services (Shares) 225,000          
    Share cancellation (Shares)   (60,100)       (60,100)
    Other comprehensive loss         (427,519) $ (427,519)
    Net loss       (8,225,334)   (8,225,334)
    Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 12,531 $ 19,539,606 $ (38,570,531) $ (49,666) $ (19,068,060)
    Ending Balance (Shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 125,272,975          
    XML 28 R6.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Cash flows from operating activities    
    Net loss $ (8,225,334) $ (12,010,548)
    Deferred taxes recovery 0 (72,088)
    Adjustments for:    
    Depreciation 384,642 453,672
    Provision for losses 2,740,661 0
    Amortization of financing fees 115,175 109,765
    Stock-based compensation 901,299 2,332,680
    Loss on conversion of convertible promissory notes 74,359 0
    Gain on extinguishment of long-term debt (2,925,467) 0
    Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes 3,059,969 8,323,370
    Gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes 0 (4,274,820)
    Non-cash additions to convertible promissory notes on amendments 0 535,142
    Changes in non-cash working capital:    
    Trade receivables 14,976 (13,905)
    Government remittances receivable (33,496) 5,659
    Inventory 58,695 (41,081)
    Prepaid expenses and deposits (253,266) (186,876)
    Accounts payable 694,441 2,562,889
    Government remittances payable 91,285 131,604
    Accrued liabilities 1,836,296 936,980
    Net cash used in operating activities (1,465,765) (1,207,557)
    Cash flows from investing activities    
    Purchase of long-lived assets (2,340,430) (1,868,864)
    Net cash used in investing activities (2,340,430) (1,868,864)
    Cash flows from financing activities    
    Advance of long-term debt 3,666,155 0
    Advance of long-term debt (net of financing fees) (963,549) (70,328)
    Repayments of obligations under capital lease (57,484) (88,786)
    Advances of convertible promissory notes 0 2,080,000
    Repayment of convertible promissory notes 0 (96,880)
    Advances of loans payable to related parties (net of financing fees) 819,629 131,668
    Repayments of loans payable to related parties (104,914) (89,993)
    Subscription payable proceeds (net of share issue costs) 380,971 907,760
    Net cash provided by financing activities 3,740,808 2,773,441
    Effect of exchange rate on cash 23,750 309,847
    (Decrease) increase in cash (41,637) 6,867
    Cash and cash equivalents-beginning of period 42,900 36,033
    Cash and cash equivalents-end of period 1,263 42,900
    Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosure:    
    Interest paid 654,754 798,072
    Supplementary Non-Cash Disclosure:    
    Common stock issued at fair value for conversion of debt, plus accrued interest, and other fees 374,000 579,247
    Common stock issued at fair value on extinguishment of existing debt 0 1,652,715
    Common stock yet to be issued 0 213,600
    Common stock issued at fair value for conversion of related party debt and accounts payable $ 579,001 $ 33,136
    XML 29 R7.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
    Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation [Text Block]

    1. Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

    SusGlobal Energy Corp. ("SusGlobal") was formed by articles of amalgamation on December 3, 2014, in the Province of Ontario, Canada and its executive office is in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. SusGlobal, a company in the start-up stages and Commandcredit Corp. ("Commandcredit"), an inactive Canadian public company, amalgamated to continue business under the name of SusGlobal Energy Corp.

    On May 23, 2017, SusGlobal filed an Application for Authorization to continue in another Jurisdiction with the Ministry of Government Services in Ontario and a certificate of corporate domestication and certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware under which it changed its jurisdiction of incorporation from Ontario to the State of Delaware (the "Domestication"). In connection with the Domestication each of the currently issued and outstanding common shares were automatically converted on a one-for-one basis into common shares compliant with the laws of the state of Delaware (the "Shares"). As a result of the Domestication, pursuant to Section 388 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL"), SusGlobal continued its existence under the DGCL as a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware. The business, assets and liabilities of SusGlobal and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, as well as its principal location and fiscal year, were the same immediately after the Domestication as they were immediately prior to the Domestication. SusGlobal filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4 to register the Shares and this registration statement was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 12, 2017.

    On December 11, 2018, the Company began trading on the OTCQB venture market exchange, under the ticker symbol SNRG.

    SusGlobal is a renewables company focused on acquiring, developing and monetizing a global portfolio of proprietary technologies in the waste to energy and regenerative products application.

    These consolidated financial statements of SusGlobal and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp. ("SGECC"), SusGlobal Energy Canada I Ltd. ("SGECIL"), SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd. ("SGEBL"), SusGlobal Energy Hamilton Ltd. ("SGEHL") and 1684567 Ontario Inc. ("1684567") (together, the "Company"), have been prepared following generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("US GAAP") for annual financial information and the Securities Exchange Commission ("SEC") instructions to Form 10-K and Article 8 of SEC Regulation S-X, and are expressed in United States Dollars.
    XML 30 R8.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Going Concern
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Going Concern [Abstract]  
    Going Concern [Text Block]

    2. Going Concern

    The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP, which assumes that the Company will be able to meet its obligations and continue its operations for the next twelve months.

    The Company incurred a net loss of $8,225,334 (2022-$12,010,548) for the year ended December 31, 2023 and as at that date had a working capital deficit of $30,390,423 (December 31, 2022-$21,580,552) and an accumulated deficit of $38,570,531 (December 31, 2022-$30,345,197) and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business.

    On November 3, 2023, the funds previously held in escrow, which related to a full and final mutual release of all obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest, in the amount of $924,500 (C$1,250,000), were released to PACE (now Alterna) and Alterna released all security it held to the Company. Prior to this full and final mutual release the obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest were $3,930,207 (C$5,197,999). The Company was successful in extending the maturity date on one of its 1 st mortgages, which had a maturity date of December 1, 2023, to June 1, 2024 and transferred another 1st mortgage, originally a vendor take-back mortgage with a maturity date of August 17, 2023 to new mortgages with a new maturity date of December 14, 2024. On January 10, 2024, the Company stopped receiving waste at its waste processing and composting operation in Belleville, Ontario Canada, to address several non-compliance matters addressed in orders from the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (the "MECP"). On December 14, 2023, the Company announced an advisory and distribution agreement with Oak Hill, to raise funding for the Company to address its outstanding obligations to creditors and for general operational matters.

    These factors cast substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, which is dependent upon its ability to obtain the necessary financing to further the development of its business, satisfy its obligations to its creditors, and upon achieving profitable operations through revenue growth. There is no assurance of funding being available or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as shown.

    These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result if the Company was unable to continue as a going concern.
    XML 31 R9.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Accounting Standards Update and Change in Accounting Principle [Abstract]  
    Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements [Text Block]

    3. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

    The following section provides a description of new accounting pronouncements ("Accounting Standard Update" or "ASU") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") that are applicable to the Company.

    In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures ("ASU 2022-02"), which requires enhanced disclosure of certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty while eliminating certain current recognition and measurement accounting guidance. This ASU also requires the disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases. ASU No. 2022-02 became effective for the Company's annual and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2023. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2023. As a result, the adoption of ASU 2022-02 did not have any impact on the opening balances in the consolidated financial statements.

    In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU-2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, and any other financial assets that have the contractual right to receive cash. The ASU requires an entity to recognize expected credit losses rather than incurred losses for financial assets. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within that fiscal year. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2023. As a result, the adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have any impact on the opening balances in the consolidated financial statements.

    There were no new accounting pronouncements issued and not yet adopted that were expected to have a material impact on the Company's interim condensed consolidated financial position or results of operations in the current or future periods.
    XML 32 R10.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Significant Accounting Policies
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
    Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

    4. Significant Accounting Policies

    a)     Principles of consolidation

    The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SusGlobal and its wholly owned subsidiaries, SGECC, incorporated on December 14, 2015, SGECIL, incorporated on December 15, 2015, SGEBL, incorporated on July 27, 2017, SGEHL, incorporated on August 10, 2021 and 1684567, acquired effective May 24, 2019. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

    b)    Business combinations

    The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-01, which clarifies the definition of a business, with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.

    A business combination is a transaction or other event in which control over one or more businesses is obtained. A business in an integrated set of activities and assets that is capable of being conducted and managed for the purpose of providing a return in the form of dividends, lower costs or other economic benefits. A business consists of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that have the ability to create outputs that provide a return to the Company and its shareholders. A business need not include all the inputs and processes that were used by the acquiree to produce outputs if the business can be integrated with the inputs and processes of the Company to continue to produce outputs. The Company considers several factors to determine whether the set of activities and assets is a business.

    Business acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method whereby acquired assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value as at the date of acquisition with the excess of the purchase consideration over such value being recorded as goodwill and allocated to reporting units ("RUs"). If the fair value of the net assets acquired exceeds the purchase consideration, the difference is recognized immediately as a gain in the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition-related costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred, except for the cost of debt or equity instruments issued in relation to the acquisition which is included in the carrying amount of the related instrument.

    Certain fair values may be estimated at the acquisition date pending confirmation or completion of the valuation process. Where provisional values are used in accounting for a business combination, they are adjusted retrospectively in subsequent periods. However, the measurement period will not exceed one year from the acquisition date. If the assets acquired are not a business, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The Company's recent acquisition, as described under note 9, Long-lived Assets, was accounted for as an asset acquisition whereby the total acquisition price is allocated on assets acquired based on relative fair values and acquisition related costs are considered a part of the acquisition price.

    c)     Use of estimates

    The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgements about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Areas involving significant estimates and assumptions include: the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, useful lives of long-lived and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets, valuation of asset acquisition, accruals, fair value of convertible promissory notes, deferred income tax assets and related valuation allowance, environmental remediation costs, stock-based compensation and going concern. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically and as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the period in which they become available.

    d)      Cash

    Cash consists of deposits held in financial institutions.

    e)      Trade receivables

    Trade receivables, which are recorded when billed and when services are performed, are claims against third parties that will be settled in cash. The carrying value of trade receivables, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, represents the estimated realizable value. An estimate of allowance for doubtful accounts is based on historical trends; type of customer, such as commercial or municipal; the age of outstanding trade receivables; and existing economic conditions. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that specific trade receivable balances may be impaired, further consideration is given to the collectability of those balances and the allowance is adjusted accordingly. Past-due trade receivable balances are written off when internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful.

     

    (f)      Fair value of financial instruments

    The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures", which determines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

    Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:

     

    a.

    Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

     

    b.

    Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

     

    c.

    Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

    The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments, such as cash, trade receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amount of the advance, long-term term debt, obligations under capital lease, mortgages payable and loans payable to related parties also approximates fair value due to their market interest rate.

    In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible, and also considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value. The Company had no financial assets or liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as at December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022 except for the convertible promissory notes for which the Company elected the fair value option. The convertible promissory notes for which the fair value option has been elected are carried at fair value based on Level 3 inputs (see note 13).

     

    g)      Inventory

    Inventory, which consists of screened organic compost, is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is represented by production cost, which includes equipment rental, delivery, fuel and repairs and maintenance, direct wages and benefits, outside contractors, utilities and manufacturing overhead. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed on a weekly basis and typically there is no need to record provisions for excess or obsolete inventory as the inventory has a long shelf life. The inventory is stored outdoors and accumulated in piles.

     

    h)      Intangible assets

    Intangible assets included a technology license, which was stated at cost less accumulated amortization and was amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life which was the contract term of five years plus the renewal option of five years and customer lists, which were stated at cost less accumulated amortization and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the customer contracts, which ranged between forty-five and sixty-six months. Intangible assets also included environmental compliance approvals and trademarks, which were stated at cost, had indefinite useful lives and were not amortized until their useful lives were determined to be no longer indefinite. The Company evaluates the intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or when triggering events are identified and whether events and circumstances continue to support the indefinite useful life.

     

    i)      Goodwill

    Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets of the acquired business. Goodwill is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the acquired business less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Management assesses goodwill impairment annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired by comparing its carrying value to the fair value of the acquired business.

     

    j)      Long-lived assets

    Long-lived assets are stated at cost. Equipment awaiting installation on site is not depreciated until it is commissioned. Depreciation is based on the estimated useful life of the asset and depreciated annually on a straight-line basis at the following annual rates:

    Category Rate
    Computer equipment 30%
    Computer software 50%
    Officer trailer and vacuum trailer 30%
    Signage 20%
    Machinery and equipment, including under capital lease 30%
    Automotive equipment 30%
    Composting buildings 6%
    Gore cover system 10%
    Driveway and paving 8%

     

    k)      Impairment of long-lived assets

    In accordance with ASC 360, "Property, Plant and Equipment", long-lived assets to be held and used are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

    The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment. If there are indications of impairment, the Company uses future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or asset grouping over the remaining life in measuring whether the carrying amounts are recoverable. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded asset values, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value. On December 31, 2023, the Company tested the long-lived assets for impairment to determine whether the carrying value exceeded the fair value. The Company used quoted market values and independent appraisals of its long-lived assets and determined that no impairment loss was required to be recognized.

     

    l)      Debt issuance costs

    Debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability. Debt issuance costs related to convertible promissory notes which are valued at fair value are expensed once incurred.

     

    m)      Environmental remediation costs

    The Company accrues for costs associated with environmental remediation and clean-up obligations when such costs are probable and reasonably estimable. Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change.

     

    n)      Income taxes

    The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC 740, "Income Taxes." Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for differences between the accounting and tax basis of the assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is recorded for the amount of income tax payable or receivable for the period increased or decreased by the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period.

     

    o)      Revenue recognition

    The Company's revenues are from the tipping fees charged for waste delivery to the Company's organic composting facility and from the sale of organic compost. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation when transferring control over a product or service to a customer. The tipping fees charged for services are generally defined in service agreements or arrangements and vary based on contract-specific terms such as frequency of service, type of waste, weight, volume and the general market factors influencing a region's rates. The Company also generated revenue from fees charged for garbage collection services and landfill management services, based on agreements with customers. Revenue is recognized as waste is accepted and collection is reasonably assured for the tipping fees charged and monthly for the other services and collection is assured. The waste collected is processed, cured and screened before being sold as organic compost. The cost of these processes is accrued at the time of revenue recognition. Further, the Company recognizes revenue from the sale of carbon credits which are marketed by an independent party.

     

    p)      Loss per share

    Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive securities outstanding for each year. The computation of diluted loss per share has not been presented as its effect would be anti-dilutive.

     

    q)      Convertible promissory notes

    The Company had elected the fair value option to account for its convertible promissory notes issued during 2021 and subsequently. In accordance with ASC 825, the convertible promissory notes are marked-to-market at each reporting date with changes in fair value recorded as a component of other expenses, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company has elected to include interest expense in the changes in fair value. Transaction costs are incurred as expensed. The Company did not elect the fair value option for the convertible promissory notes issued in 2019. The notes were measured at amortized cost.

     

    r)      Stock-based compensation

    The Company records compensation costs related to stock-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, whereby the Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Where necessary, the Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including: the expected option life, the risk-free rate, the dividend yield, the volatility of the Company's stock price and an assumption for employee forfeitures. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury bill rate at the date of the grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term of the option. The Company has not historically issued any dividends and does not expect to in the near future. Changes in any of these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates and the resulting stock- based compensation recognized. The Company has not issued any stock options and has no stock options outstanding at December 31, 2023.

     

    s)      Comprehensive Loss

    The Company accounts for comprehensive loss in accordance with ASC 220, "Comprehensive Income," which establishes standards for reporting and presentation of comprehensive loss and its components. Comprehensive loss is presented in the consolidated statements of stockholders' deficiency and consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments.

     

    t)      Foreign currency translation

    The functional currency of the Company is the Canadian dollar (the "C$") and its presentation or reporting currency is the United States dollar ("$"). Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the historical rate on the date of the transaction. All exchange gains or losses arising from translation of these foreign currency transactions are included in net income (loss) for the year. In translating the financial statements of the Company's Canadian subsidiaries from their functional currency into the Company's reporting currency of $, balance sheet accounts are translated using the closing exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and income and expense accounts are translated using an average exchange rate prevailing during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation, if any, are included in cumulative other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' deficiency. The Company has not, to the date of these consolidated financial statements, entered into derivative instruments to offset the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.
    XML 33 R11.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Recent Accounting Pronouncements
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Recent Accounting Pronouncements [Abstract]  
    Recent Accounting Pronouncements [Text Block]

    5. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

    From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date or possibly early adopted, where permitted.

    There are no new accounting pronouncements issued that were expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations in the current or future periods.
    XML 34 R12.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Financial Instruments
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]  
    Financial Instruments [Text Block]

    6. Financial Instruments

    Interest, Credit and Concentration Risk

    Interest rate risk is the risk borne by an interest-bearing asset or liability as a result of fluctuations in interest rates. Financial assets and financial liabilities with variable interest rates expose the Company to cash flow interest rate risk. The Company is exposed to significant interest rate risk on the current portion of its long-term debt of $nil (C$nil) (2022-$7,285,747; C$9,868,274).

    Credit risk is the risk of loss associated with a counterparty's inability to perform its payment obligations. As at December 31, 2023, the Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to cash and trade receivables. As at December 31, 2023, the Company's cash was held with a Canadian chartered bank and a United States of America bank.

    With regards to credit risk with customers, the customers' credit evaluation is reviewed by management and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize the risk of loss. The Company believes that no additional credit risk beyond the amounts provided for by the allowance for doubtful accounts is inherent in accounts receivable. As at December 31, 2023 and 2022, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $nil (C$nil).

    As at December 31, 2023, the Company is exposed to concentration risk as it had three customers (2022-four customers) representing greater than 5% of total trade receivables and three customers (December 31, 2022-four customers) represented 97% (December 31, 2022 - 90%) of trade receivables. The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company's total revenue. These customers accounted for 94% (39%, 31%, 14% and 10%) (2022-87%; 36%, 19% 18% and 14%) of total revenue.

    Liquidity Risk

    Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will be unable to meet its obligations as they fall due. The Company takes steps to ensure it has sufficient working capital and available sources of financing to meet future cash requirements for capital programs and operations. Management is considering all its options to refinance its obligations and repay creditors. Refer also to going concern, note 2 and subsequent events note 23.

    The Company actively monitors its liquidity to ensure that its cash flows and working capital are adequate to support its financial obligations and the Company's capital programs. To continue operations, the Company will need to raise capital, repay all of its outstanding obligations and complete the refinancing of its real property and organic waste processing and composting facility. There is no assurance of funding being available or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as shown. Refer also to going concern, note 2 and subsequent events note 23.

    Currency Risk

    Although the Company's functional currency is the C$, the Company realizes a portion of its expenses in United States Dollars ("$"). Consequently, certain assets and liabilities are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. As at December 31, 2023, $3,168,407 (2022-$80,843) of the Company's net monetary liabilities were denominated in $. The Company has not entered into any hedging transactions to reduce the exposure to currency risk.
    XML 35 R13.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Prepaid Expenses and Deposits
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Prepaid Expense and Deposits [Abstract]  
    Prepaid Expenses and Deposits [Text Block]

    7. Prepaid Expenses and Deposits

    Included in prepaid expenses and deposits are costs, primarily for professional services to be expensed as stock-based compensation after December 31, 2023, in the amount of $216,000 (December 31, 2022-$374,531). The professional services disclosed under stock-based compensation related to general corporate consulting, marketing, branding and commercialization to market, and general investor relations services. The common shares issued for professional services are also noted under capital stock, note 15. The balance consists of costs and deposits for services expiring or relating to periods after December 31, 2023, including insurance, rent and professional services retainers.
    XML 36 R14.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Long-lived Assets, net
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Long lived Assets net [Abstract]  
    Long-lived Assets, net [Text Block]

    8. Long-lived Assets, net

              2023           2022  
        Cost     Accumulated     Net book value     Net book value  
              depreciation              
    Land $ 5,628,345   $ -   $ 5,628,345   $ 3,163,941  
    Property under construction   3,634,204     -     3,634,204     3,548,648  
    Composting buildings   2,292,585     857,461     1,435,124     1,535,656  
    Gore cover system   1,064,606     644,361     420,245     514,306  
    Driveway and paving   350,452     176,394     174,058     197,336  
    Machinery and equipment   109,682     109,682     -     28,036  
    Equipment under capital lease   294,614     294,614     -     39,574  
    Signage   6,249     4,993     1,256     2,447  
    Automotive equipment   166,462     137,331     29,131     77,208  
      $ 13,547,199   $ 2,224,836   $ 11,322,363   $ 9,107,152  

     

    On November 2, 2023, the Company completed the purchase of additional land, consisting of a 2.03-acre site in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada for $2,292,760 (C$3,100,000). Prior to completing the purchase, the Company paid deposits of $229,276 (C$310,000) to the vendor. The balance of the purchase price was satisfied with a $1,479,200 (C$2,000,000) vendor take-back mortgage bearing interest at 7% annually, maturing in two years and the balance in cash financed by a second mortgage on the additional land bearing interest at 13% annually, maturing in one year and is secured by a third mortgage on the property in Belleville, Ontario, Canada.

    Included under property under construction, are construction costs incurred on the first property in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in the amount of $2,126,801 (C$2,812,857).

    During the year ended December 31, 2023, depreciation is disclosed in cost of sales in the amount of $383,418 (C$517,433) (2022-$452,402; C$588,146) and in office and administration in the amount of $1,224 (C$1,653) (2022-$1,270; C$1,652) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
    XML 37 R15.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Related Party Transactions
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
    Related Party Transactions [Text Block]

    9. Related Party Transactions

    For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred $355,680 (C$480,000) (2022-$369,216; C$480,000) respectively, in management fees expense with Travellers International Inc. ("Travellers"), an Ontario company controlled by a director and the president and chief executive officer (the "CEO"); and $111,150 (C$150,000) (2022-$92,304; C$120,000) in management fees expense with the Company's chief financial officer (the "CFO"). As at December 31, 2023, unpaid remuneration and unpaid expenses in the amount of $171,733 (C$227,130) (December 31, 2022-$161,790; C$219,138) is included in accounts payable and $138,963 (C$183,789) (2022-$22,705; C$30,753) in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

    In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred interest expense of $nil C$nil (2022-$518; C$674) on the outstanding loan from the CFO.

    For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred $103,496 (C$139,670) (2022-$107,216; C$139,386) in rent expense paid under a lease agreement, currently under a month-to-month lease with Haute Inc. ("Haute"), an Ontario company controlled by the CEO. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2023, a director's company, Travellers, converted a total of $278,845 (C$372,483) (2022-$nil; C$nil) of loans provided during the year and $300,156 (C$406,800) (2022-$33,371; C$45,200) of accounts payable owing to Travellers for 2,911,852 (2022-193,778) common shares.

    For those independent directors providing their services throughout 2023, the Company recorded directors' compensation in the amount of $71,579 (C$96,597) (2022-$57,690; $75,000). As of December 31, 2023, outstanding directors' compensation of $197,186 (C$260,793) (2022-$121,226; C$164,196) is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, during the year, the new independent director was awarded stock-based compensation consisting of 100,000 common shares of the Company, valued at $21,000 based on the trading price on his appointment. In the prior year, one of the independent directors was awarded stock-based compensation consisting of 750,000 common shares of the Company, valued at $105,750, based on the trading price on commencement of the consulting agreement, for services provided in developing certain contacts to further the Company's business opportunities. This amount is disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

    Furthermore, for the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized management stock-based compensation expense of $230,400 (2022-$240,450), on the common stock issued to the CEO and the CFO, 3,000,000 (2022-1,000,000) and 100,000 (2022-50,000) common stock respectively, on their executive consulting agreements and $2,880 (2022-$1,990) on 20,000 (2022-10,000) common stock issued to an employee.
    XML 38 R16.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Long-Term Debt
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
    Long-Term Debt [Text Block]

    10. Long-Term Debt

          2023     2022  
      PACE Credit Facility-Due September 2, 2022 $ -   $ 695,974  
      PACE Credit Facility-Due September 2, 2022   -     389,188  
      PACE Corporate Term Loan-Due September 13, 2022   -     2,361,424  
    (a)i.) Mortgage Payable-Due June 1, 2024   4,213,705     3,782,751  
    (a)ii) Mortgage Payable-Due March 1, 2024   1,126,692     -  
    (a)iii) Mortgage Payable-Due November 2, 2025   1,512,200     -  
    (a)iv) Mortgage Payable-Due November 2, 2024   773,465     -  
    (a)v) Mortgage Payable-Due December 14, 2024   1,616,508     -  
    (a)vi.) Mortgage Payable-Due August 17, 2023   -     1,476,600  
    (b) Canada Emergency Business Account-Due December 31, 2023   75,610     73,830  
    (c) Corporate Term Loan-Due April 7, 2025   53,761     89,659  
          9,371,941     8,869,426  
    Current portion   (9,371,941 )   (8,816,931 )
    Long-Term portion $ -   $ 52,495  

    On November 3, 2023, the funds previously held in escrow, which related to a full and final mutual release of all obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest, in the amount of $924,500 (C$1,250,000), were released to PACE (now Alterna Savings and Credit Union Limited "Alterna") and Alterna released all security it held to the Company. Prior to this full and final mutual release the obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest was $3,844,440 (C$5,197,999).

    The Company continues to be responsible in replacing the letter of credit previously held by PACE in favor of the MECP which is now in the amount of $482,117 ($C637,637) and now in the amount of $110,759 ($C146,487)

    For the year ended December 31, 2023, $70,615 (C$95,297) (2022-$357,038; C$464,168), in interest was incurred on the PACE long-term debt. As at December 31, 2023, $nil (C$nil) (2022-$288,407; C$390,636) in accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

    (a) i. The Company obtained a 1st mortgage provided by private lenders to finance the acquisition of the shares of 1684567 and to provide funds for additional financing needs, including additional lands, received in four tranches totaling $3,931,720 (C$5,200,000) (December 31, 2022-$3,839,160; C$5,200,000). The fourth tranche was received on August 13, 2021 in the amount of $1,402,770 (C$1,900,000) and a portion of this fourth tranche, $1,368,759 (C$1,853,933), was used to fund a portion of the purchase of the first Hamilton Property on August 17, 2021. The 1st mortgage was repayable interest only on a monthly basis at an annual rate of the higher of the Royal Bank of Canada's prime rate plus 6.05% per annum and 10% per annum with a maturity date of December 1, 2023. The Company continued to be charged at the rate of 10% per annum. On December 1, 2023, the 1st mortgage was renewed with a new maturity date of June 1, 2024 and a fixed interest rate of 13% per annum. On renewal, the 1st mortgage was increased by $314,749 (C$416,280) to account for increased interest based on the previous variable rate, three months of prepaid interest and a financing fee. The 1st mortgage is secured by the shares held of 1684567, a 1st mortgage on the premises located at 704 Phillipston Road, Roslin, Ontario, Canada and a general assignment of rents. Financing fees on the 1st mortgage totaled $344,342 (C$455,419). As at December 31, 2023 $44,555 (C$58,928) (December 31, 2022-$31,555; C$42,740) of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as at December 31, 2022 there is $32,764 (C$43,333) (December 31, 2022-$56,409; C$76,404) of unamortized financing fees included in long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets.

    ii. On March 1, 2023, the Company obtained a 2nd mortgage in the amount of $1,134,150 (C$1,500,000) bearing interest at the annual rate of 12%, repayable monthly, interest only with a maturity date of March 1, 2024, secured as noted under (d) i) above. The Company incurred financing fees of $45,366 (C$60,000). As at December 31, 2023 $11,187 (C$14,795) (December 31, 2022-$nil; C$nil) of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as at December 31, 2023 there is $7,457 (C$9,863) of unamortized financing fees included in long-term debt in the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.

    iii. On November 2, 2023, the Company completed the purchase of additional land, consisting of a 2.03-acre site in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada for $2,343,910 (C$3,100,000), prior to an additional disbursement of $44,213 (C$58,475) representing land transfer tax. The Company obtained vendor take-back mortgage in the amount of $1,512,200 (C$2,000,000) bearing interest at 7% annually, payable monthly, interest only and maturing November 2, 2025. An additional mortgage, as noted below under paragraph iv), was arranged to complete the purchase.

    iv. In connection with the purchase of additional land noted above under paragraph iii) above, a 2nd mortgage was obtained in the amount of $793,905 (C$1,050,000) bearing interest at 13% annually, payable monthly interest only and secured by a 3rd mortgage on the property in Belleville, Ontario, Canada.

    v. On December 14, 2023, the Company made arrangements to repay the previous 1st mortgage on the first property purchased in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada on August 17, 2021, for a new 1st mortgage in the amount of $1,688,597 ($C2,233,298) with new creditors. The original 1st mortgage was a vendor take back mortgage, as noted below under paragraph vi).

    vi. On August 17, 2021, the Company obtained a vendor take-back 1st mortgage in the amount of $1,476,600 (C$2,000,000), on the purchase of the first property in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The 1st mortgage bore interest at an annual rate of 2% per annum, was repayable monthly interest only and had a maturity date of August 17, 2023 and was secured by the assets on this first property in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. As noted under paragraph v) above, this mortgage was repaid on the transfer to the new creditors.

    For the year ended December 31, 2023, $718,535 (C$969,683) (2022-$430,772; C$560,026) in interest was incurred on the mortgages payable.

    As a result of defaults or cross defaults, all long-term debt is disclosed as current.

    (b) As a result of the COVID-19 virus, the Government of Canada launched the Canada Emergency Business Account (the "CEBA"), a program to ensure that small businesses have access to the capital they need to see them through the current challenges and better position them to quickly return to providing services to their communities and creating employment. The program is administered by Canadian chartered banks and credit unions.

    The Company has received a total of $75,610 (C$100,000) under this program, from its Canadian chartered bank.

    Under the initial term date of the loans, which is detailed in the CEBA term loan agreements, the amounts were due on December 31, 2022 and were interest-free. If the loans were not repaid by December 31, 2022, the Company could have made payments, interest only, on a monthly basis at an annual rate of 5%, under the extended term date, beginning January 1, 2023, maturing December 31, 2025.

    The CEBA term loan agreements were amended by extending the interest free repayment date by one year to December 31, 2023. If paid by January 18, 2024, 2023, 30% ($22,683; C$30,000), previously 25%, of the loans would be forgiven. Repayment terms on the extended period are unchanged.

    These loans were repaid subsequent to December 31, 2023 and January 9 and 11 of 2024, in the amount of $52,927 (C$70,000).

    (c) On April 8, 2021, the Company took delivery of a truck and hauling trailer for a total purchase price of $165,085 (C$218,338) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes. The purchase was financed by a bank term loan of $151,220 (C$200,000), over a forty-eight-month term, bearing interest at 4.95% per annum with monthly blended instalments of principal and interest payments of $3,706 (C$4,901) due April 7, 2025.

    For the year ended December 31, 2023, $3,238 (C$4,369) (2022-$5,500; C$7,150) in interest was incurred.
    XML 39 R17.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Obligations under Capital Lease
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Obligations Under Capital Lease [Abstract]  
    Obligations under Capital Lease [Text Block]

    11. Obligations under Capital Lease

        2023     2022  
                 
    Obligations under Capital Lease $ 66,037   $ 121,758  
    Less: current portion   (66,037 )   (57,275 )
    Long-term portion $ -   $ 64,483  

    Refer also to going concern, note 2.

    The lease agreement for certain equipment for the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility at a cost of $294,614 (C$389,650), is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $5,181 (C$6,852), plus applicable harmonized sales taxes for a period of fifty-nine months plus an initial deposit of $14,706 (C$19,450) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes and an option to purchase the equipment for a final payment of a nominal amount of $76 (C$100) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes on February 27, 2025. The leasing agreement bears interest at the rate of 3.59% annually, compounded monthly, due February 27, 2025.

    The lease liabilities are secured by the equipment under capital lease as described in note 8.

    Minimum lease payments as per the original terms of the obligations under capital lease are as follows:

    In the year ending December 31, 2024 $ 62,173  
    In the year ending December 31, 2025   5,257  
        67,430  
    Less: imputed interest   (1,393 )
    Total $ 66,037  

    For the year ended December 31, 2023, $3,687 (C$4,976) (2022$4,762; C$6,191) in interest was incurred.

    As a result of defaults or cross defaults, the obligations under capital are disclosed as current.
    XML 40 R18.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Convertible Promissory Notes
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Convertible Notes Payable [Abstract]  
    Convertible Promissory Notes [Text Block]

    12. Convertible Promissory Notes

          2023     2022  
                   
    (a) Convertible promissory notes-October 28 and 29, 2021 $ 2,898,595   $ 2,599,925  
    (b) Convertible promissory notes-March 3 and 7, 2022   6,065,878     3,696,044  
    (c) Convertible promissory note- June 23, 2022   1,555,351     1,500,464  
        $ 10,519,824   $ 7,796,433  

     

    The convertible promissory notes, which are in default, are accounted for under the fair value option in the consolidated financial statements. The actual principal outstanding on the balance of the convertible promissory notes as at December 31, 2023 is $7,442,600 (December 31, 2022-$5,825,260), including accrued interest of $1,232,440 (2022-$nil).

    (a) On October 28 and 29, 2021, the Company entered into two securities purchase agreement (the "October 2021 SPAs) with two investors (the "October 2021 Investors") pursuant to which the Company issued to the October 2021 Investors two 15% OID unsecured convertible promissory notes (the "October 2021 Investor Notes") in the principal amount of $1,765,118. The October 2021 Investor Notes are convertible, with accrued interest, from time to time on notice of a liquidity event (a "Liquidity Event"). A Liquidity Event is defined as a public offering of the Company's common stock resulting in the listing for trading of the common stock on any one of a number of exchanges. The October 2021 Investor Notes can be prepaid prior to maturity for an amount of 120% of the prepayment amount.

    The maturity date of the October 2021 Investor Notes is the earlier of (i) July 28 and 29, 2022 and (ii) the occurrence of a Liquidity Event, as described above (the "Maturity Date"). Upon the occurrence of a Liquidity Event, the October 2021 Investors are entitled to convert all or a portion of their October 2021 Investor Notes including any accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to 70% (representing a 30% discount) multiplied by the price per share of the Common Stock at the public offering associated with the Liquidity Event.

    Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the interest rate on the October 2021 Investor Notes will immediately accrue at 24% per annum and be paid in cash monthly to the October 2021 Investors, until the default is cured. And the Conversion Price will be reset to 85% of the lowest volume weighted average price for the ten consecutive trading days ending on the trading day that is immediately prior to the applicable conversion date.

    On May 11, 2022, the holder of the October 29, 2021, investor note, provided an amendment for an optional conversion of his investor notes. The conversion price was amended to be (i) the product of the Liquidity Event price multiplied by the discount of 35% (previously 30%) or (2) the greater of (i) the product of the closing price per share of the Company's Common Stock as reported by the applicable trading market on the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date multiplied by the discount (35%) or $1.70 multiplied by the discount (35%), provided that in the event of a conversion, of investor note, at a time that a Liquidity Event shall not have previously occurred and be continuing, the conversion price for such conversion shall be as provided in the amendment.

    On August 16, 2022, the Company was sent a notice of default from one of the October 2021 Investors, whose investor note was issued on October 29, 2021. On September 15, 2022, the Company and the investor of the October 2021 investor note entered into an amendment to the October 2021 investor note which served as a cure to the previously issued default notice.

    Pursuant to the September 15, 2022 amendment, the Company and the October 29, 2021 investor, agreed that the outstanding principal amount of the October 29, 2021 investor note would increase by 10% to $1,618,100 from the previously issued principal amount of $1,471,000. The new agreed upon maturity date was changed to November 15, 2022, subject to certain conditions and the maturity date would automatically be extended to January 15, 2023 provided that the October 29, 2021 investor does not notify the Company in writing prior to the maturity date that the automatic extension of the maturity date has been cancelled. In connection with this amendment, the Company agreed to use its best efforts to promptly facilitate the conversion of the October 29, 2021 investor note into shares of the Company's common stock.

    As a result of the default on November 15, 2022, the Company was informed that the October 29, 2021 investor will now be accruing interest at the default rate of 24% per annum. As at December 31, 2023, this note has a principal balance of $1,645,337, including $345,337 of accrued interest.

    Further, the October 29, 2021 investor agreed not to convert more than $100,000 in any one conversion notice and the October 29, 2021 investor agreed not to issue an additional conversion notice unless and until any previously issued conversion shares have been sold by the October 29, 2021 investor or exceed 10% of the daily trading volume in selling the shares of the Company's common stock

    On September 21, 2022 and November 10, 2022, the October 29, 2021 investor issued conversion notices to the Company and the Company issued 372,090 common shares at conversion prices ranging from $0.1885 to $0.2339 per share respectively, on the conversion of $25,000 and $50,000 respectively, of the October 29, 2021 investor note, having a fair market value of $97,129 on conversion. The October 29, 2021 investor has not informed the Company of an extension to the current maturity date but continued to issue conversion notices to the Company prior to the default notice of June 8, 2023, noted below.

    On December 22, 2022, the October 28, 2021 investor, whose October 28, 2021 investor note had a previous Principal Amount of $294,118 and a maturity date of July 28, 2022, provided the Company with an amendment whereby the maturity date of the October 28, 2021 investor note was extended to the earlier of July 28, 2023 or the occurrence of a Liquidity Event. In addition, the Company agreed that the investor could convert his October 28, 2021, investor note into shares of the Company's common stock at any time at the investor's option. Previously, the October 28, 2021 Note was only convertible upon the occurrence of the Liquidity Event. The Company also agreed to change the conversion price to be the lowest trading bid price of the Company's common stock on the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date multiplied with a 35% discount to that lowest price. Previously, the conversion price was a 30% discount to the price at which the securities were sold in connection with the Liquidity Event. In consideration for the extension of the maturity date, the Company agreed to issue the investor 500,000 shares of the Company's common stock. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares. As a result of the default on July 28, 2023, the Company is now incurring interest at the default rate of 24%. As at December 31, 2023, this note has a principal balance of $355,205 including accrued interest of $33,045.

    On June 8, 2023, the October 29, 2021, investor's counsel sent the Company a notice of default on the October 29, 2021 investor note and the March 2022 Investor Notes, described below. The default was caused by the holders of these promissory notes not being able to receive shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 (the "Common Stock") pursuant to the conversion terms of these promissory notes. All cure periods available pursuant to the promissory notes had expired prior to June 8, 2023. The October 29, 2021, investor note had a principal balance of $1,300,000 before the default and the March 2022 Investor Notes, whose principal balance totaled $2,640,000 prior to the notice of default, increased by 20% or $528,000 in total as a result of the notice of default. In addition, default interest at the rate of 24% per annum continues to accrue on the March 2022 Investor Notes.

    During the year ended December 31, 2023, the October 29, 2021 investor provided the Company with notices of conversion to convert in total $243,100. of his investor note having a fair value on conversion of $374,000 for 1,650,709 of common shares of the Company. The conversion prices per share for the year ended December 31, 2023 ranged from $0.1294 to $0.3400.

    The Company initially reserved 1,905,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "October 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to be issued upon conversion of the October 2021 Investor Notes.

    (b) On March 3 and 7, 2022, the Company executed two unsecured convertible promissory notes with two investors (the "March 2022 Investors"), who purchased 25% original issue discount (the "OID") unsecured convertible promissory notes (the "The March 2022 Investor Notes") in the aggregate principal amount totaling $2,000,000 (the "Principal Amount") with such Principal Amount convertible into shares of the Company's common stock (the "Common Stock") from time to time triggered by the occurrence of certain events. The March 2022 Investor Notes carried an OID totaling $500,000 which is included in the principal balance of the Notes. The funds were received on March 7, 2022 and March 11, 2022 in the total amount of $1,425,000, net of the OID and professional fees.

    The maturity date of the Notes is the earlier of (i) June 3 and 7, 2022, and (ii) the occurrence of a Liquidity Event (as defined in the Notes) (the "Maturity Date"). The final payment of the Principal Amount (and default interest, if any) shall be paid by the Company to the Investors on the Maturity Date. On an event of default, the principal amount of the March 2020 Investor Notes will increase to 120% of their original principal amounts. The Investors are entitled to, following an event of default, (as defined in the March 2022 Investor Notes) to convert all or any amount of the Principal Amount and any interest accruing at the default interest rate of 24% per annum into Common Stock, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to 70% (representing a 30% discount) multiplied by the price per share of the Common Stock at any national security exchange or over-the-counter marketplace for the five (5) trading days immediately prior to the March 2022 Investors' notice of conversion.

    On May 11, 2022, the holder of the March 3, 2022 Investor Note and on May 13, 2022, the holder of the March 7, 2022 Investor Note, each provided an amendment for an optional conversion of their investor notes. The conversion price was amended to be (i) the product of the Liquidity Event price multiplied by the discount of 35% (previously 30%) or (2) the greater of (i) the product of the closing price per share of the Company's Common Stock as reported by the applicable trading market on the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date multiplied by the discount (35%) or $1.70 multiplied by the discount (35%), provided that in the event of a conversion, of his investor note, at a time that a Liquidity Event shall not have previously occurred and be continuing, the conversion price for such conversion shall be as provided in amendment for each.

    Further, on June 29, 2022, the March 2022 Investors revised their March 2022 Investor Notes, to extend the maturity date to August 15, 2022 and increase the principal amount of each of the March 2022 Investor Notes by twenty percent (20%), from a Principal Amount of $2,000,000 to $2,400,000. In addition, the Company agreed to issue 100,000 common shares to the March 2022 Investor. These restricted shares of the Company's common stock will survive a reverse stock split prior to listing. The common shares were issued on July 11, 2022. The restructurings were accounted for as extinguishments as they were renegotiated after maturity.

    On August 16, 2022, the Company was sent notices of default from the March 2022 Investors. And, on September 15, 2022, the Company and the March 2022 Investors entered into an amendment to the March 2022 Investor Notes which served as a cure to the previously issued default notices.

    Pursuant to the September 15, 2022 amendment, the Company and the March 2022 Investors agreed that the outstanding principal amount totaling $2,400,000 would increase by 10% to $2,640,000. The new agreed upon maturity date was now November 15, 2022, subject to certain conditions and the maturity date was extended to January 15, 2023. In connection with this amendment, the Company agreed to use its best efforts to promptly facilitate the conversion of the March 2022 Investor Notes into shares of the Company's common stock only after the October 29, 2021 investor note, as described under paragraph (a) above, has been fully converted.

    Further, in the event that the October 29, 2021 investor note has been fully converted and the conversion shares sold, thereafter, the March 2022 Investor Notes may both be converted at the March 2022 Investors' discretion on a pari-passu basis, provided, however, that no conversion shall exceed $50,000 for each of the March 2022 Investor Notes and each of the March 2022 Investors shall not sell more than 5% of the daily trading volume in selling the Company's shares of common stock.

    As noted above, on June 8, 2023 the counsel for the March 2022 Investors provided the Company with a notice of default. This resulted in the principal balance of the March 2022 Investor Notes increasing in principal from $2,640,000 in total to $3,168,000, in total. In addition, interest is accruing at the rate of 24% per annum. As at December 31, 2023, the principal balance of the March 2022 investor notes totaled $4,022,058, including accrued interest of $854,058 (2022-$nil) is included in the convertible promissory notes balance.

    Refer also to subsequent events, note 23(c).

    (c) On June 23, 2022, the Company executed one convertible promissory note (the "June 2022 Investor Note") with an investor (the "June 2022 Investor") in the amount of $1,200,000 bearing interest at 10% per annum and having an OID of 10%. The maturity date of the June 2022 Investor Note is the earlier of December 23, 2022 and the date of the Company's uplist to a national securities exchange. The proceeds from the June 2022 Investor Note were used to repay this investor's June 2021 Investor Note and their December 2021 Investor Note which matured June 16, 2022 and June 2, 2022 respectively, plus accrued interest. The net proceeds, after repaying the December 2021 Investor Note and the June 2021 Investor Note with accrued interest and related disbursements totaled approximately $204,000. The net proceeds were received on June 28, 2022. In addition, the Company issued 1,333,333 common shares to the June 2022 Investor on June 29, 2022 which have been included in the determination of the extinguishment gain and recognized at fair value. The restructuring was accounted for as extinguishments as it was renegotiated after maturity.

    The June 2022 Investor may convert the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest into the Company's common stock from time to time following an event of default ('Event of Default"), as defined in the June 2022 Investor Note, with interest accruing at the default interest rate of 15% per annum from the Event of Default, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to the lesser of 90% (representing a 10% discount) multiplied by the price per share of the Common Stock at the public offering associated with the Event of Default.

    On December 29, 2022, the Company and the investor agreed to extend the maturity date to the earlier of June 23, 2023 or the occurrence of a Liquidity Event. In consideration for the extension of the maturity date, the Company agreed to: (i) increase the principal amount to $1,320,000.00 (the "Increased Principal Amount"); (ii) that interest is payable on the Increased Principal Amount and that such interest (but not any default interest that becomes due) is paid in full and in advance by the Company issuing to the June 2022 Investor 450,000 shares of the Company's common stock and (iii) issue to the June 2022 Investor 666,667 shares of the Company's common stock (the "Modification Fee Shares"). The parties agreed that the Modification Fee Shares served as an increase in the amount of commitment fee shares issued to the investor pursuant to the securities purchase agreement signed by the Company and the June 2022 Investor on June 23, 2022, in connection with the issuance of the June 2022 Investor Note. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.

    On June 29, 2023, the June 2022 Investor provided a 45-day extension of the June 2022 Investor Note in exchange for an increase in the principal balance of the June 2022 Investor Note of $100,000, from $1,320,000 to $1,420,000.

    The Company initially reserved 8,000,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "June 2022 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the June 2022 Investor Note.

    Pursuant to the terms of the security purchase agreements for the convertible promissory notes described above, for so long as the noted investors own any shares of Common Stock issued upon the conversion of the applicable investor notes, the Company has covenanted to secure and maintain the listing of such shares of Common Stock. The Company is also subject to certain customary negative covenants under the investor notes and the security purchase agreements, including but not limited to the requirement to maintain its corporate existence and assets, require registration of or stockholder approval for the investor notes or the Common Stock upon the conversion of the applicable investor notes.

    The convertible promissory notes described above, contain certain representations, warranties, covenants and events of default including if the Company is delinquent in its periodic report filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission which would increase the amount of the principal and interest rates under the convertible promissory notes in the event of such defaults. In the event of a default, at the option of the applicable investor and in their sole discretion, the applicable investor may consider any of their convertible promissory notes immediately due and payable.

    During the year ended December 31, 2023 the Company issued 1,650,709 (2022-2,372,000) common shares on the conversion of convertible promissory notes in the amount of $243,100 having a fair value on conversion of $374,000 (2022-$579,247) at conversion prices ranging from $0.1294 to $0.3400 (2022-$0.1885 to $0.2339) per share. In addition, nil (2022-3,975,211) common shares were issued on the issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt having a fair market value of $nil (2022-$1,591,245).

    Refer also to going concern, note 2.

    Fair value option for the convertible promissory notes

    The Company is eligible to elect the fair value option under ASC 825, Financial Instruments and bypass analysis of the potential embedded derivative features described above. The Company believes that the fair value option better reflects the underlying economics of the convertible promissory notes issued after December 31, 2020. As a result, the 2021 and 2022 promissory notes were recorded at fair value upon issuance and subsequently remeasured at each reporting date until settled or converted. The Company recognized the notes initially at fair value, which exceeded the proceeds received resulting in a day one loss that has been recognized in net loss. Transaction and other issuance costs have been expensed as incurred. Subsequently, the Company recognizes the notes at fair value with changes in net loss.

    Gains and losses attributable to changes in credit risk were insignificant during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company recognized a loss of $nil (2022-$659,526) at the time of issuance of the convertible promissory notes and an additional loss of $3,059,969 (2022- $7,663,844) attributed to the change in fair value of the convertible promissory notes for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, for the year December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes of $nil (2022-$4,274,820). Further, for the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $nil (2022-$101,000), which were expensed as incurred.
    XML 41 R19.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Fair Value Measurement
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
    Fair Value Measurement [Text Block]

    13. Fair Value Measurement

    The following table presents information about the Company's financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation:

        Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022  
        Using                 Total     Total  
        Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     2023     2022  
    Assets: $ -     -     -   $ -   $ -  
    Liabilities:                              
    Convertible promissory notes   -     -     10,519,824     10,519,824     7,796,433  
      $ -     -     10,519,824   $ 10,519,824   $ 7,796,433  

    During the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3. There were no other financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022.

    The following table summarizes the change in Level 3 financial instruments during the year ended December 31, 2023.

        2023     2022  
    Fair value at December 31, 2022 $ 7,796,433   $ 3,798,516  
    Fair value at issuance         2,159,526  
    Amendments   2,180,923     -  
    Conversions/repayments   (336,578 )   (136,880 )
    Mark to market adjustment   879,046     7,663,844  
    Settlement   -     (5,688,573 )
    Fair value at December 31, 2023 $ 10,519,824   $ 7,796,433  

    Financial instruments measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value of the convertible promissory notes at issuance and subsequent financial reporting dates was estimated based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represent level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy.

    The fair value of the convertible promissory notes at issuance and at each reporting period was estimated based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The Company used a scenario-based binomial model to estimate the fair value of the convertible promissory notes. The model determines the fair value from a market participant's perspective by evaluating the payouts under hold, convert, or call decisions. The most significant estimates and assumptions used as inputs are those concerning type, timing and probability of specific scenario outcomes. Specifically, the Company assigned a probability of default, which would increase the required payout as described in Note 12 and calculated the fair value under each scenario.

    At the issuance dates of the convertible promissory notes, the probability of default ("PD") was assumed to be 75% (2022-75%), except for those which were amended post maturity, which were assumed to be 100%. The probability of default was determined in reference to a 1-year PD rate for a 'CCC+' rating at issuance, and a combination of 'CC' and 'CCC-' credit ratings at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Increasing (decreasing) the probability of default would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.

    Other significant unobservable inputs include the expected volatility and the credit spread. The expected volatility was based on the historical volatility over a look-back period that was consistent with the balance-remaining term of the instruments. A range of 162.4% to 164.8% was used for the expected volatility (2022-92% to159%). The discount for lack of marketability was determined using a range of option pricing methodologies using the remaining restriction term corresponding to each instrument on the relevant valuation date. The credit spread was determined in reference to credit yields of companies with similar credit risk at the date of valuation. A premium of 10% (2022-10%) was added to the credit spread as an instrument specific adjustment to reflect the Company's risk of default. A range of 22.95% to 22.95% (2022-24.4% to 25.6%) was used for the credit spread.
    XML 42 R20.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Loans Payable to Related Parties
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Loans Payable to Related Party [Abstract]  
    Loans Payable to Related Parties [Text Block]

    14. Loans Payable to Related Parties

        2023     2022  
                 
    Directors $ 47,500   $ 40,000  
    Haute Inc.   442,016     -  
    Total $ 489,516   $ 40,000

    The loan owing to directors were received by the Company on June 6, 2022 and March 16, 2023, are unsecured, bearing interest at 5% per annum and due on demand.

    On December 5, 2023, the Company received a loan from Haute Inc., in the amount of $453,660 (C$600,000) bearing interest at 13% per annum, due June 5, 2024. The net proceeds were $254,424 (C$336,495) after deducting outstanding interest on existing mortgages for a wholly owned subsidiary, 1684567, and other disbursements in the amount of $154,369 (C$204,165), a financing fee in the amount of $13,610 (C$18,000) plus the applicable harmonized sales taxes of $1,769 (C$2,340). In addition, six months of interest in the amount of $29,488 (C$39,000) was capitalized. During the year ended December 31, 2023 $2,298 (2022-$1,134) was incurred on the director loan. As at December 31, 2023, $3,386 (2022-$1,088) of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

    During the year ended December 31, 2023, a director's company, Travellers, converted a total of $278,845 (C$372,483) (2022-$nil; C$nil) of loans provided during the year and $300,156 (C$406,800) (2022-$33,371; C$45,200) of accounts payable owing to Travellers for 2,911,852 (2022-193,778) common shares.  There was no gain or loss on these conversions.
    XML 43 R21.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Capital Stock
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Equity [Abstract]  
    Capital Stock [Text Block]

    15. Capital Stock

    As at December 31, 2023, the Company had 150,000,000 common shares authorized with a par value of $.0001 per share and 125,272,975 (December 31, 2022-113,438,832) common shares issued and outstanding.

    For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 1,650,709 (December 31, 2022-2,372,090) common shares on the conversion of a convertible promissory note having a fair value on conversion in the amount of $374,000 (December 31, 2022-$579,247) at conversion prices ranging from $0.1294 to $0.3400 (December 31, 2022- $0.1885 to $0.2339) per share. This resulted in a loss on conversion of $74,359 disclosed under other (income) expenses, note 17.

    In addition, the Company raised $380,971 (December 31, 2022-$907,760, net of share issue costs of $1,440), on a private placement for 1,536,582 (December 31, 2022-4,444,041) common shares at prices ranging from $0.2047 to $0.3250 (December 31, 2022-$0.154 to $0.45) per share, including a private placement to an independent director. Further, 1,790,000 (December 31, 2022-6,655,000) common shares of the Company were issued for professional services valued at $396,895 (December 31, 2022-$2,186,110), based on the closing trading prices on the effective dates of the consulting agreements. This amount, $396,895 (December 31, 2022-$2,092,230) is included in the amount disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and the balance, $nil (December 31, 2022-$374,531) is included in prepaid expenses and deposits in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2022, 4,125,211 shares were issued on the issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt having a fair value on issuance of $1,652,715 and 1,616,667 common shares were issued on the extension of the maturity dates on convertible promissory notes having a fair value on issuance of $231,067. Further, on September 8, 2022, 241,502 common shares were returned to treasury.

    During the year ended December 31, 2023, Travellers converted $579,001 (C$779,283) (December 31, 2022-$33,371; C$45,200 in outstanding accounts payable) in outstanding loans and outstanding accounts payable for 2,911,852 (December 31, 2022-193,778) common shares of the Company, based on closing trading prices on the day prior to each conversion.

    On January 3, 2023, the Company issued 3,000,000 (January 2, 2022-1,000,000) common shares to the CEO and 100,000 (January 2, 2022-50,000) common shares to the CFO in connection with their executive consulting agreements, valued at $446,400 (2022-$240,450), based on the closing trading price on the effective date of their executive consulting agreements. Included under management stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 is an amount of $230,400 (2022-$240,450). Also, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 500,000 (2022-230,000) common shares on proceeds previously received.

    Furthermore, on January 3, 2023, the Company issued 20,000 (February 7, 2022-10,000) common shares to an employee valued at $2,880 (December 31, 2022-$1,990) based on the closing trading price on the date of issuance. Also, 100,000 common shares were issued on March 1, 2023 to a new director appointed on February 18, 2023, valued at $21,000, based on the closing trading price on the date appointed. Both amounts are disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In addition, the Company issued 225,000 common shares for other services relating to satisfying certain outstanding interest expenses on a 1st mortgage, valued at $34,124 (C$45,000) based on the closing trading price on issuance.

    As at December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a balance of $nil (December 31, 2022-$213,600 for 750,000 shares to be issued relating to a consulting agreement, of which 750,000 were issued on January 27, 2023, valued on the effective dates stipulated in the consulting agreement). On December 31, 2023, the Company cancelled the balance of $60,100, relating to 250,000 which were to be issued relating to a consulting agreement with a Tradigital Marketing Group (“Tradigital”) for professional services, valued on the effective dates stipulated in the consulting agreement. The shares were cancelled based on an arbitrator’s decision made on April 26, 2024, to a claim filed against the Company by Tradigital. Refer also to legal proceedings, note 21. These professional services are included under stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
    XML 44 R22.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Commitments
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
    Commitments [Text Block]

    16. Commitments

    a) Effective January 1, 2023, new executive consulting agreements were finalized for the services of the CEO and the CFO, for two years and one year, respectively. The CEO's monthly fee is $30,244 (C$40,000) for 2023 and $37,805 (C$50,000) for 2024 and for the CFO $9,451 (C$12,500). The future minimum commitment under these consulting agreements, is as follows:

    For the year ending December 31, 2024 $ 453,660  

     

    b) The Company has agreed to lease its office premises from Haute on a month-to-month basis, at the monthly rate of $6,805 (C$9,000). The Company is responsible for all expenses and outlays in connection with its occupancy of the leased premises, including, but not limited to utilities, realty taxes and maintenance.

    c) Effective February 3, 2021, upon the successful completion of a Nasdaq listing, the Company has committed a payment of $300,000 to a consulting firm providing advisory and consulting services.

    d) On November 5, 2021 the Company committed to the design and construction of its Hamilton, Ontario, Canada facility, including architectural and general contracting fees in the amount of $6,900,024 (C$9,125,809) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes.

    e) Effective November 1, 2022, the Company acquired the exclusive rights to the use of a well-known athlete's name, endorsement and the like, for the purposes of advertisement, promotion and sale of the Company's products. In return, the Company issued 500,000 common shares of the Company and the individual's company is entitled to the following fees:

    • $125,000 sixty days subsequent to the Company's shares listed on the Nasdaq or another senior exchange.

    • $125,000 on the one-year anniversary of the first payment above and,

    • $125,000 on the one-year anniversary of the second payment above.

    There is also an arrangement to issue 250,000 warrants to the company once the Company's shares are listed on the Nasdaq or another major exchange.

    f) The Company was assigned the land lease on the purchase of certain assets of Astoria Organic Matters Ltd., and Astoria Organic Matters Canada LP. The land lease, which comprises 13.88 acres in Roslin, Ontario, Canada, has a term expiring March 31, 2034. The basic monthly rent on the net lease is $2,268 (C$3,000) and is subject to adjustment based on the consumer price index as published by Statistics Canada ("CPI"). To date, no adjustment for CPI has been charged. The Company is also responsible for any property taxes, maintenance, insurance and utilities. In addition, the Company has the right to extend the lease for five further terms of five years each and one further term of five years less one day. As the Company acquired the business of 1684567, the previous landlord, in 2019, there are no future commitments for this lease. The Company is responsible through a special provision of the site plan agreement with the City of Belleville (the "City"), Ontario, Canada, that it is required to fund road maintenance required by the City through to September 30, 2025 at an annual rate of $7,561 (C$10,000). The future minimum commitment is as follows:

    For the year ending December 31, 2024 $ 7,561  
    For the year ending December 31, 2025   7,561  
      $ 15,122  

    Up until September 30, 2023, PACE had provided the Company a letter of credit in favor of the MECP in the amount of $209,312 (C$276,831) and, as security, has registered a charge of lease over the organic waste processing and composting facility, located at 704 Phillipston Road, Roslin, Ontario, Canada.

    The current letter of credit required by the MEC is $482,117 (C$637,637) and now $110,759 (C$146,487), while the Company re-assesses and re-submits it financial assurance to the MECP with the assistance of its environmental consultant. The Company has not yet satisfied this requirement of the MECP.

    The letter of credit is a requirement of the MECP and is in connection with the financial assurance provided by the Company for it to be in compliance with the MECPs environmental objectives. The MECP regularly evaluates the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility to ensure compliance is adhered to and the letter of credit is subject to change by the MECP. The Company has engaged an environmental consulting firm to re-evaluate the financial assurance with the MECP which is based on the estimated environmental remediation and clean-up costs for its waste processing and composting facility. As a result of inspections carried out by the MECP during the current and prior years, some of which have resulted in MECP orders being issued, the Company has accrued estimated and actual costs for corrective measures in orders issued by the MECP $2,153,214 (C$2,847,790) (2022-$676,635; C$904,287).
    XML 45 R23.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Other Income (Expenses)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
    Other Income (Expenses) [Text Block]

    17. Other Income (Expenses)

        2023     2022  
    (a) Gain on settlement of outstanding debt and accrued interest with PACE $ 2,925,467   $ -  
    (b) Loss on conversion of convertible promissory notes   (74,359 )   -  
    (c) Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes   (3,059,969

    )

    		   (8,323,370 )
    (d) Provision for losses   (2,740,661 )   -  
    (e) Settlement payment   -     (250,000 )
    (f) Gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes   -     4,274,820  
      $ (2,949,522 ) $ (4,298,550 )

    (a) During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company settled the outstanding debt to PACE including accrued interest.

    (b) As described under capital stock, note 15, the loss is on the conversions of the October 29, 2021 investor note.

    (c) Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes.

    (d) The provision for losses includes the provision for loss on a deposit for future acquisition in the amount of $148,200, a provision for loss on a claim by Tradigital in the amount of $58,097 (refer also to legal proceeds, note 21) and a provision for loss on a lawsuit against the Company by the investor of the March 3, 2023 Investor Note in the amount of $2,534,364 (refer also to subsequent events, note 23(c)).

    (e) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company accrued for a settlement payment for the release of the services of a party for an underwriting offering dated March 22, 2022 and amended May 23, 2022.

    (f) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes.
    XML 46 R24.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Income Taxes
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
    Income Taxes [Text Block]

    18. Income Taxes

    The Company's income tax provision has been calculated as follows:

        2023     2022  
    Loss before income taxes $ (8,225,334 ) $ (12,082,636 )
    Expected income tax recovery at the statutory rate of 21% (2022-21%)   (1,727,320 )   (2,537,354 )
    Foreign tax rate differences   (66,534 )   (133,836 )
    Prior year adjustments   26,565     50,972  
    Foreign exchange effect on deferred tax assets and other   (62,195 )   112,591  
    Permanent differences   681,551     1,545,782  
    Change in valuation allowance   1,147,933     889,757  
    Provision for income taxes $ -   $ (72,088 )

    The Company's income tax provision is allocated as follows:

    Deferred Tax (recovery)   -     (72,088 )
      $ -   $ (72,088 )

     

    Deferred tax assets and liabilities

    The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant components of the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities are presented below:

        2023     2022  
    Net operating loss carry forwards $ 4,795,400   $ 3,742,661  
    Financing costs   41,495     84,502  
    Depreciable and amortizable assets   (21,073 )   9,123  
    Land   (175,603 )   (171,469 )
    Convertible promissory notes   -     (110,924 )
    Other timing differences   198,156     136,549  
    Total gross deferred income tax assets   4,838,375     3,690,442  
    Less: valuation allowance   4,871,404     3,690,442  
    Total deferred income tax liabilities $ -   $ -  
     
    Movement in deferred income tax liabilities:   2023     2022  
    Balance at the beginning of the year $ -   $ (73,925 )
    Recognized in profit/loss   -     72,088  
    Recognized in OCI   -     1,837  
    Balance at the end of the year $ -   $ -  

    As at December 31, 2023 and 2022, the valuation allowance was due to the history of losses generated. The valuation allowance is reviewed periodically and if the assessment of the more likely than not criteria changes, the valuation allowance is adjusted accordingly.

    Potential benefits of income tax losses are not recognized in the accounts until realization is more likely than not. The Company computes tax asset benefits for net operating losses ("NOL") carried forward.

    The Company has US NOL available for carry forward of $9,499,557 (2022-$5,537,874) which can be carried forward indefinitely and Canadian NOL available for carry forward of $10,567,898 (C$13,976,852) (2022-$9,734,745; C$13,185,352) which expire in the years 2037 through 2043.
    XML 47 R25.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Segmented Information
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
    Segmented Information [Text Block]

    19. Segmented Information

    ASC 280-10, "Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information", establishes standards for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments in the Company's consolidated financial statements. Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

    The Company uses a management approach for determining segments. The management approach designates the internal organization that is used by management for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source of the Company's reportable segments. The Company's management reporting structure provides for only one segment: renewable energy and operates in one country, Canada.
    XML 48 R26.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Economic Dependence
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]  
    Economic Dependence [Text Block]

    20. Economic Dependence

    During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company generated 94% (2022-84%) of its revenue from four (2022-three) customers.
    XML 49 R27.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Legal Proceedings
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Legal Proceeding [Abstract]  
    Legal Proceedings [Text Block]

    21. Legal Proceedings

    From time to time, the Company may become involved in litigation relating to claims arising from the ordinary course of business. Management believes that there are currently no claims or actions pending against us, the ultimate disposition of which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, except as follows:

    The Company has a claim against it for unpaid legal fees in the amount of $49,329 (C$65,241). The amount is included in accounts payable on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

    On October 4, 2023, an action was launched by one of the October 2021 Investors, who claimed he was owed $1,300,000 plus accrued interest. The principal balance in the accounts and noted under convertible promissory notes, note 12(a) is $1,645,337, which is after conversions of $318,100 during 2022 and 2023 and includes accrued interest of $345,337. The Company has disclosed the fair value of this convertible promissory note as $2,404,558. The Company intends to repay the balance owed when it is financially able to do so.

    On or around November 27, 2023 and March 6, 2024, the Company experienced an outflow of contaminated  water from its stormwater pond into the City of Belleville's roadside ditch and has continued to periodically overflow. The Company is working with its environmental consultants and its Canadian legal counsel to assess the damage caused, remediate this occurrence and report regularly to the MECP.

    The Company has a claim against it for unpaid Hydro Bills in the amount of $378,278 (C$500,302). The amount is included in accounts payable on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

    In addition, on November 17, 2023, the Company received an amended claim filed against it from 2023 by Tradigital in the sum of US$219,834.17 in owed fees plus the difference in stock price, 300,000 common shares of the Company, plus attorney fees and expenses. The case went to arbitration on March 11, 2024 and the Company defended its position. On April 4, 2024, the International Centre for Dispute Resolution indicated that no additional evidence is to be submitted and the hearings are declared closed as of April 29, 2024.The tribunal will endeavor to render the final decision within the timeframe provided for in the rules. Management agrees that outstanding fees, which are included in accounts payable in the consolidated balance sheets, are only in the amount of US$30,000, which was agreed to by the parties in earlier communications and through various e-mail correspondence. In addition, the management has no issue with the outstanding common shares to be provided to the claimant totaling 300,000. Management believes that the additional claim amount of US$189,834.17 is without merit. Of the total of 300,000 common shares, 50,000 have been issued and the remaining 250,000 are disclosed as shares to be issued in the statements of stockholders' deficiency. On April 26, 2024, the arbitrator for this claim awarded Tradigital the sum of $118,170 which has been accrued by the Company and the remaining 250,000 were not required to be issued by the Company and cancelled.

    Refer also to subsequent events, note 23(c).
    XML 50 R28.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Comparative Figures
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Comparative Figures [Abstract]  
    Comparative Figures [Text Block]

    22. Comparative Figures

    Certain figures in the comparative period have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.
    XML 51 R29.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Subsequent Events
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
    Subsequent Events [Text Block]

    23. Subsequent Events

    The Company's management has evaluated subsequent events up to the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, pursuant to the requirements of ASC 855 and has determined the following to be material subsequent events:

    (a) On January 15, 2024, Travellers converted outstanding accounts payable in the amount of $102,527 (C$135,600) for 809,044 common shares of the Company based on the trading price immediately prior to the conversion. And on January 9, 2024, Haute provided the Company with a loan in the amount of $249,263 (C$329,670).

    (b) On March 18, 2024, the Company informed its transfer agent to cancel 750,000 common shares previously issued to a service provider.

    (c) On April 1, 2024, the Company received notice of a complaint filed against it by the March 3, 2022 Investor, seeking damages of no less than $4,545,393. The Company had thirty calendar days to respond and on April 30, 2024, the Company was able to extend the time to respond with opposing counsel, a further fifteen days. The Company has been unable to retain counsel to represent it in this matter. The full amount of the complaint has been included in the accounts.

    (d) On April 2, 2024, the Company received funds in the amount of $148,217 (C$196,028), on a 4 th mortgage in the amount of $244,815 (C$323,786) net of unpaid interest, a financing fee and six months of capitalized interest, on the Company's waste processing and composting facility in Belleville, Ontario, Canada.

    (e) On April 15, 2024, the Company received proceeds of $100,500, net of an original issue discount of 10% and disbursements, on a new convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $120,000.
    XML 52 R30.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
    Principles of consolidation [Policy Text Block]

    a)     Principles of consolidation

    The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SusGlobal and its wholly owned subsidiaries, SGECC, incorporated on December 14, 2015, SGECIL, incorporated on December 15, 2015, SGEBL, incorporated on July 27, 2017, SGEHL, incorporated on August 10, 2021 and 1684567, acquired effective May 24, 2019. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.
    Business combinations [Policy Text Block]

    b)    Business combinations

    The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-01, which clarifies the definition of a business, with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.

    A business combination is a transaction or other event in which control over one or more businesses is obtained. A business in an integrated set of activities and assets that is capable of being conducted and managed for the purpose of providing a return in the form of dividends, lower costs or other economic benefits. A business consists of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that have the ability to create outputs that provide a return to the Company and its shareholders. A business need not include all the inputs and processes that were used by the acquiree to produce outputs if the business can be integrated with the inputs and processes of the Company to continue to produce outputs. The Company considers several factors to determine whether the set of activities and assets is a business.

    Business acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method whereby acquired assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value as at the date of acquisition with the excess of the purchase consideration over such value being recorded as goodwill and allocated to reporting units ("RUs"). If the fair value of the net assets acquired exceeds the purchase consideration, the difference is recognized immediately as a gain in the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition-related costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred, except for the cost of debt or equity instruments issued in relation to the acquisition which is included in the carrying amount of the related instrument.

    Certain fair values may be estimated at the acquisition date pending confirmation or completion of the valuation process. Where provisional values are used in accounting for a business combination, they are adjusted retrospectively in subsequent periods. However, the measurement period will not exceed one year from the acquisition date. If the assets acquired are not a business, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The Company's recent acquisition, as described under note 9, Long-lived Assets, was accounted for as an asset acquisition whereby the total acquisition price is allocated on assets acquired based on relative fair values and acquisition related costs are considered a part of the acquisition price.
    Use of estimates [Policy Text Block]

    c)     Use of estimates

    The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgements about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Areas involving significant estimates and assumptions include: the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, useful lives of long-lived and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets, valuation of asset acquisition, accruals, fair value of convertible promissory notes, deferred income tax assets and related valuation allowance, environmental remediation costs, stock-based compensation and going concern. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically and as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the period in which they become available.
    Cash [Policy Text Block]

    d)      Cash

    Cash consists of deposits held in financial institutions.
    Trade receivables [Policy Text Block]

    e)      Trade receivables

    Trade receivables, which are recorded when billed and when services are performed, are claims against third parties that will be settled in cash. The carrying value of trade receivables, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, represents the estimated realizable value. An estimate of allowance for doubtful accounts is based on historical trends; type of customer, such as commercial or municipal; the age of outstanding trade receivables; and existing economic conditions. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that specific trade receivable balances may be impaired, further consideration is given to the collectability of those balances and the allowance is adjusted accordingly. Past-due trade receivable balances are written off when internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful.
    Fair value of financial instruments [Policy Text Block]

    (f)      Fair value of financial instruments

    The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures", which determines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

    Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:

     

    a.

    Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

     

    b.

    Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

     

    c.

    Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

    The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments, such as cash, trade receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amount of the advance, long-term term debt, obligations under capital lease, mortgages payable and loans payable to related parties also approximates fair value due to their market interest rate.

    In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible, and also considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value. The Company had no financial assets or liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as at December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022 except for the convertible promissory notes for which the Company elected the fair value option. The convertible promissory notes for which the fair value option has been elected are carried at fair value based on Level 3 inputs (see note 13).
    Inventory [Policy Text Block]

    g)      Inventory

    Inventory, which consists of screened organic compost, is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is represented by production cost, which includes equipment rental, delivery, fuel and repairs and maintenance, direct wages and benefits, outside contractors, utilities and manufacturing overhead. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed on a weekly basis and typically there is no need to record provisions for excess or obsolete inventory as the inventory has a long shelf life. The inventory is stored outdoors and accumulated in piles.
    Intangible assets [Policy Text Block]

    h)      Intangible assets

    Intangible assets included a technology license, which was stated at cost less accumulated amortization and was amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life which was the contract term of five years plus the renewal option of five years and customer lists, which were stated at cost less accumulated amortization and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the customer contracts, which ranged between forty-five and sixty-six months. Intangible assets also included environmental compliance approvals and trademarks, which were stated at cost, had indefinite useful lives and were not amortized until their useful lives were determined to be no longer indefinite. The Company evaluates the intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or when triggering events are identified and whether events and circumstances continue to support the indefinite useful life.
    Goodwill [Policy Text Block]

    i)      Goodwill

    Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets of the acquired business. Goodwill is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the acquired business less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Management assesses goodwill impairment annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired by comparing its carrying value to the fair value of the acquired business.
    Long-lived assets [Policy Text Block]

    j)      Long-lived assets

    Long-lived assets are stated at cost. Equipment awaiting installation on site is not depreciated until it is commissioned. Depreciation is based on the estimated useful life of the asset and depreciated annually on a straight-line basis at the following annual rates:

    Category Rate
    Computer equipment 30%
    Computer software 50%
    Officer trailer and vacuum trailer 30%
    Signage 20%
    Machinery and equipment, including under capital lease 30%
    Automotive equipment 30%
    Composting buildings 6%
    Gore cover system 10%
    Driveway and paving 8%
    Impairment of long-lived assets [Policy Text Block]

    k)      Impairment of long-lived assets

    In accordance with ASC 360, "Property, Plant and Equipment", long-lived assets to be held and used are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

    The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment. If there are indications of impairment, the Company uses future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or asset grouping over the remaining life in measuring whether the carrying amounts are recoverable. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded asset values, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value. On December 31, 2023, the Company tested the long-lived assets for impairment to determine whether the carrying value exceeded the fair value. The Company used quoted market values and independent appraisals of its long-lived assets and determined that no impairment loss was required to be recognized.
    Debt issuance costs [Policy Text Block]

    l)      Debt issuance costs

    Debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability. Debt issuance costs related to convertible promissory notes which are valued at fair value are expensed once incurred.
    Environmental remediation costs [Policy Text Block]

    m)      Environmental remediation costs

    The Company accrues for costs associated with environmental remediation and clean-up obligations when such costs are probable and reasonably estimable. Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change.
    Income taxes [Policy Text Block]

    n)      Income taxes

    The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC 740, "Income Taxes." Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for differences between the accounting and tax basis of the assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is recorded for the amount of income tax payable or receivable for the period increased or decreased by the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period.
    Revenue recognition [Policy Text Block]

    o)      Revenue recognition

    The Company's revenues are from the tipping fees charged for waste delivery to the Company's organic composting facility and from the sale of organic compost. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation when transferring control over a product or service to a customer. The tipping fees charged for services are generally defined in service agreements or arrangements and vary based on contract-specific terms such as frequency of service, type of waste, weight, volume and the general market factors influencing a region's rates. The Company also generated revenue from fees charged for garbage collection services and landfill management services, based on agreements with customers. Revenue is recognized as waste is accepted and collection is reasonably assured for the tipping fees charged and monthly for the other services and collection is assured. The waste collected is processed, cured and screened before being sold as organic compost. The cost of these processes is accrued at the time of revenue recognition. Further, the Company recognizes revenue from the sale of carbon credits which are marketed by an independent party.
    Loss per share [Policy Text Block]

    p)      Loss per share

    Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive securities outstanding for each year. The computation of diluted loss per share has not been presented as its effect would be anti-dilutive.
    Convertible promissory notes [Policy Text Block]

    q)      Convertible promissory notes

    The Company had elected the fair value option to account for its convertible promissory notes issued during 2021 and subsequently. In accordance with ASC 825, the convertible promissory notes are marked-to-market at each reporting date with changes in fair value recorded as a component of other expenses, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company has elected to include interest expense in the changes in fair value. Transaction costs are incurred as expensed. The Company did not elect the fair value option for the convertible promissory notes issued in 2019. The notes were measured at amortized cost.
    Stock-based compensation [Policy Text Block}

    r)      Stock-based compensation

    The Company records compensation costs related to stock-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, whereby the Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Where necessary, the Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including: the expected option life, the risk-free rate, the dividend yield, the volatility of the Company's stock price and an assumption for employee forfeitures. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury bill rate at the date of the grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term of the option. The Company has not historically issued any dividends and does not expect to in the near future. Changes in any of these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates and the resulting stock- based compensation recognized. The Company has not issued any stock options and has no stock options outstanding at December 31, 2023.
    Comprehensive Loss [Policy Text Block]

    s)      Comprehensive Loss

    The Company accounts for comprehensive loss in accordance with ASC 220, "Comprehensive Income," which establishes standards for reporting and presentation of comprehensive loss and its components. Comprehensive loss is presented in the consolidated statements of stockholders' deficiency and consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments.
    Foreign currency translation [Policy Text Block]

    t)      Foreign currency translation

    The functional currency of the Company is the Canadian dollar (the "C$") and its presentation or reporting currency is the United States dollar ("$"). Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the historical rate on the date of the transaction. All exchange gains or losses arising from translation of these foreign currency transactions are included in net income (loss) for the year. In translating the financial statements of the Company's Canadian subsidiaries from their functional currency into the Company's reporting currency of $, balance sheet accounts are translated using the closing exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and income and expense accounts are translated using an average exchange rate prevailing during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation, if any, are included in cumulative other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' deficiency. The Company has not, to the date of these consolidated financial statements, entered into derivative instruments to offset the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.
    XML 53 R31.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
    Schedule of depreciation computed on straight-line method over estimated useful life [Table Text Block]
    Category Rate
    Computer equipment 30%
    Computer software 50%
    Officer trailer and vacuum trailer 30%
    Signage 20%
    Machinery and equipment, including under capital lease 30%
    Automotive equipment 30%
    Composting buildings 6%
    Gore cover system 10%
    Driveway and paving 8%
    XML 54 R32.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Long-lived Assets, net (Tables)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Long lived Assets net [Abstract]  
    Schedule of long-lived assets [Table Text Block]
              2023           2022  
        Cost     Accumulated     Net book value     Net book value  
              depreciation              
    Land $ 5,628,345   $ -   $ 5,628,345   $ 3,163,941  
    Property under construction   3,634,204     -     3,634,204     3,548,648  
    Composting buildings   2,292,585     857,461     1,435,124     1,535,656  
    Gore cover system   1,064,606     644,361     420,245     514,306  
    Driveway and paving   350,452     176,394     174,058     197,336  
    Machinery and equipment   109,682     109,682     -     28,036  
    Equipment under capital lease   294,614     294,614     -     39,574  
    Signage   6,249     4,993     1,256     2,447  
    Automotive equipment   166,462     137,331     29,131     77,208  
      $ 13,547,199   $ 2,224,836   $ 11,322,363   $ 9,107,152  
    XML 55 R33.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Long-Term Debt (Tables)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
    Schedule of long-term debt instruments [Table Text Block]
          2023     2022  
      PACE Credit Facility-Due September 2, 2022 $ -   $ 695,974  
      PACE Credit Facility-Due September 2, 2022   -     389,188  
      PACE Corporate Term Loan-Due September 13, 2022   -     2,361,424  
    (a)i.) Mortgage Payable-Due June 1, 2024   4,213,705     3,782,751  
    (a)ii) Mortgage Payable-Due March 1, 2024   1,126,692     -  
    (a)iii) Mortgage Payable-Due November 2, 2025   1,512,200     -  
    (a)iv) Mortgage Payable-Due November 2, 2024   773,465     -  
    (a)v) Mortgage Payable-Due December 14, 2024   1,616,508     -  
    (a)vi.) Mortgage Payable-Due August 17, 2023   -     1,476,600  
    (b) Canada Emergency Business Account-Due December 31, 2023   75,610     73,830  
    (c) Corporate Term Loan-Due April 7, 2025   53,761     89,659  
          9,371,941     8,869,426  
    Current portion   (9,371,941 )   (8,816,931 )
    Long-Term portion $ -   $ 52,495  
    XML 56 R34.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Obligations under Capital Lease (Tables)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Obligations Under Capital Lease [Abstract]  
    Schedule of obligations under capital lease [Table Text Block]
        2023     2022  
                 
    Obligations under Capital Lease $ 66,037   $ 121,758  
    Less: current portion   (66,037 )   (57,275 )
    Long-term portion $ -   $ 64,483  
    Schedule of future minimum lease payments for capital leases [Table Text Block]
    In the year ending December 31, 2024 $ 62,173  
    In the year ending December 31, 2025   5,257  
        67,430  
    Less: imputed interest   (1,393 )
    Total $ 66,037  
    XML 57 R35.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Convertible Promissory Notes (Tables)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Convertible Notes Payable [Abstract]  
    Schedule of convertible promissory notes [Table Text Block]
          2023     2022  
                   
    (a) Convertible promissory notes-October 28 and 29, 2021 $ 2,898,595   $ 2,599,925  
    (b) Convertible promissory notes-March 3 and 7, 2022   6,065,878     3,696,044  
    (c) Convertible promissory note- June 23, 2022   1,555,351     1,500,464  
        $ 10,519,824   $ 7,796,433  
    XML 58 R36.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Fair Value Measurement (Tables)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
    Schedule of financial assets and liabilities that measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Table Text Block]
        Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022  
        Using                 Total     Total  
        Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     2023     2022  
    Assets: $ -     -     -   $ -   $ -  
    Liabilities:                              
    Convertible promissory notes   -     -     10,519,824     10,519,824     7,796,433  
      $ -     -     10,519,824   $ 10,519,824   $ 7,796,433  
    Schedule of change in Level 3 financial instruments [Table Text Block]
        2023     2022  
    Fair value at December 31, 2022 $ 7,796,433   $ 3,798,516  
    Fair value at issuance         2,159,526  
    Amendments   2,180,923     -  
    Conversions/repayments   (336,578 )   (136,880 )
    Mark to market adjustment   879,046     7,663,844  
    Settlement   -     (5,688,573 )
    Fair value at December 31, 2023 $ 10,519,824   $ 7,796,433  
    XML 59 R37.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Loans Payable to Related Parties (Tables)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Loans Payable to Related Party [Abstract]  
    Schedule of related party transactions [Table Text Block]
        2023     2022  
                 
    Directors $ 47,500   $ 40,000  
    Haute Inc.   442,016     -  
    Total $ 489,516   $ 40,000
    XML 60 R38.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Commitments (Tables)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    The CEO and the CFO [Member]  
    Other Commitments [Line Items]  
    Schedule of commitments [Table Text Block]
    For the year ending December 31, 2024 $ 453,660  
    Astoria Organic Matters Ltd. [Member]  
    Other Commitments [Line Items]  
    Schedule of commitments [Table Text Block]
    For the year ending December 31, 2024 $ 7,561  
    For the year ending December 31, 2025   7,561  
      $ 15,122  
    XML 61 R39.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Other Income (Expenses) (Tables)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
    Schedule of other income (expenses) [Table Text Block]
        2023     2022  
    (a) Gain on settlement of outstanding debt and accrued interest with PACE $ 2,925,467   $ -  
    (b) Loss on conversion of convertible promissory notes   (74,359 )   -  
    (c) Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes   (3,059,969

    )

    		   (8,323,370 )
    (d) Provision for losses   (2,740,661 )   -  
    (e) Settlement payment   -     (250,000 )
    (f) Gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes   -     4,274,820  
      $ (2,949,522 ) $ (4,298,550 )
    XML 62 R40.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Income Taxes (Tables)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
    Schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation [Table Text Block]
        2023     2022  
    Loss before income taxes $ (8,225,334 ) $ (12,082,636 )
    Expected income tax recovery at the statutory rate of 21% (2022-21%)   (1,727,320 )   (2,537,354 )
    Foreign tax rate differences   (66,534 )   (133,836 )
    Prior year adjustments   26,565     50,972  
    Foreign exchange effect on deferred tax assets and other   (62,195 )   112,591  
    Permanent differences   681,551     1,545,782  
    Change in valuation allowance   1,147,933     889,757  
    Provision for income taxes $ -   $ (72,088 )
    Schedule of components of income tax expense (benefit) [Table Text Block]
    Deferred Tax (recovery)   -     (72,088 )
      $ -   $ (72,088 )
    Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities [Table Text Block]
        2023     2022  
    Net operating loss carry forwards $ 4,795,400   $ 3,742,661  
    Financing costs   41,495     84,502  
    Depreciable and amortizable assets   (21,073 )   9,123  
    Land   (175,603 )   (171,469 )
    Convertible promissory notes   -     (110,924 )
    Other timing differences   198,156     136,549  
    Total gross deferred income tax assets   4,838,375     3,690,442  
    Less: valuation allowance   4,871,404     3,690,442  
    Total deferred income tax liabilities $ -   $ -  
    Schedule of movement in deferred income tax liabilities [Table Text Block]
    Movement in deferred income tax liabilities:   2023     2022  
    Balance at the beginning of the year $ -   $ (73,925 )
    Recognized in profit/loss   -     72,088  
    Recognized in OCI   -     1,837  
    Balance at the end of the year $ -   $ -  
    XML 63 R41.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Going Concern (Narrative) (Details)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    Nov. 03, 2023
    CAD ($)
    Nov. 03, 2023
    USD ($)
    Going Concern [Line Items]        
    Net loss $ (8,225,334) $ (12,010,548)    
    Working capital deficit 30,390,423 21,580,552    
    Accumulated deficit (38,570,531) (30,345,197)    
    Accrued liabilities $ 5,942,684 $ 1,781,258    
    Pace Savings & Credit Union Limited (''PACE'') [Member]        
    Going Concern [Line Items]        
    Funds held in trust     $ 1,250,000 $ 924,500
    Accrued liabilities     $ 5,197,999 $ 3,930,207
    XML 64 R42.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of depreciation computed on straight-line method over estimated useful life (Details)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Computer equipment [Member]  
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
    Long-lived Assets, depreciation rate used 30%
    Computer software [Member]  
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
    Long-lived Assets, depreciation rate used 50%
    Officer trailer and vacuum trailer[Member]  
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
    Long-lived Assets, depreciation rate used 30%
    Signage [Member]  
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
    Long-lived Assets, depreciation rate used 20%
    Machinery and equipment, including under capital lease [Member]  
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
    Long-lived Assets, depreciation rate used 30%
    Automotive equipment [Member]  
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
    Long-lived Assets, depreciation rate used 30%
    Composting buildings [Member]  
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
    Long-lived Assets, depreciation rate used 6%
    Gore cover system [Member]  
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
    Long-lived Assets, depreciation rate used 10%
    Driveway and Paving [Member]  
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
    Long-lived Assets, depreciation rate used 8%
    XML 65 R43.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Financial Instruments (Narrative) (Details)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    CAD ($)
    Customer
    Dec. 31, 2022
    CAD ($)
    Customer
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    Product Information [Line Items]        
    Current portion of long term debt and convertible promissory notes $ 0 $ 9,868,274 $ 0 $ 7,285,747
    Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 0 $ 0 0 0
    Net monetary liabilities denominated in USD | $     $ 3,168,407 $ 80,843
    Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Trade receivables [Member]        
    Product Information [Line Items]        
    Number of customers | Customer 3 4    
    Concentration risk, benchmark description greater than 5% of total trade receivables greater than 5% of total trade receivables    
    Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Trade receivables [Member] | Five Customers [Member]        
    Product Information [Line Items]        
    Concentration risk, percentage 97.00% 90.00%    
    Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member]        
    Product Information [Line Items]        
    Concentration risk, percentage 94.00% 87.00%    
    Concentration risk, benchmark description 10% or more of the Company's total revenue. 10% or more of the Company's total revenue.    
    Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer One [Member]        
    Product Information [Line Items]        
    Concentration risk, percentage 39.00% 36.00%    
    Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Two [Member]        
    Product Information [Line Items]        
    Concentration risk, percentage 31.00% 19.00%    
    Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Three [Member]        
    Product Information [Line Items]        
    Concentration risk, percentage 14.00% 18.00%    
    Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Four [Member]        
    Product Information [Line Items]        
    Concentration risk, percentage 10.00% 14.00%    
    XML 66 R44.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Prepaid Expenses and Deposits (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Prepaid Expense and Deposits [Abstract]    
    Costs Primarily For Professional Services To Be Expensed As Stock-based Compensation $ 216,000 $ 374,531
    XML 67 R45.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Long-lived Assets, net (Narrative) (Details)
    		 1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
    Nov. 02, 2023
    CAD ($)
    a
    Aug. 17, 2021
    CAD ($)
    Aug. 17, 2021
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    CAD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2022
    CAD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    Nov. 02, 2023
    USD ($)
    a
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]                
    Long-term debt | $         $ 9,371,941   $ 8,869,426  
    Depreciation disclosed in cost of sales       $ 517,433 383,418 $ 588,146 452,402  
    Office and administration       $ 1,653 $ 1,224 $ 1,652 $ 1,270  
    CANADA                
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]                
    Debt face amount $ 2,000,000             $ 1,512,200
    Area of land | a 2.03             2.03
    Land $ 3,100,000             $ 2,292,760
    Final deposit amount 310,000             229,276
    Long-term debt $ 2,000,000             $ 1,479,200
    Interest rate 7.00%              
    Debt instrument, maturity description maturing in two years and the balance in cash financed by a second mortgage on the additional land bearing interest at 13% annually, maturing in one year              
    Property under construction [Member]                
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]                
    Construction costs incurred subsequent to the acquisition   $ 2,812,857 $ 2,126,801          
    XML 68 R46.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Long-lived Assets, net - Schedule of long-lived assets (Details) - USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
    Cost $ 13,547,199  
    Accumulated depreciation 2,224,836  
    Net book value 11,322,363 $ 9,107,152
    Land [Member]    
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
    Cost 5,628,345  
    Accumulated depreciation 0  
    Net book value 5,628,345 3,163,941
    Property under construction [Member]    
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
    Cost 3,634,204  
    Accumulated depreciation 0  
    Net book value 3,634,204 3,548,648
    Composting buildings [Member]    
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
    Cost 2,292,585  
    Accumulated depreciation 857,461  
    Net book value 1,435,124 1,535,656
    Gore cover system [Member]    
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
    Cost 1,064,606  
    Accumulated depreciation 644,361  
    Net book value 420,245 514,306
    Driveway and paving [Member]    
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
    Cost 350,452  
    Accumulated depreciation 176,394  
    Net book value 174,058 197,336
    Machinery and equipment [Member]    
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
    Cost 109,682  
    Accumulated depreciation 109,682  
    Net book value 0 28,036
    Equipment under capital lease [Member]    
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
    Cost 294,614  
    Accumulated depreciation 294,614  
    Net book value 0 39,574
    Signage [Member]    
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
    Cost 6,249  
    Accumulated depreciation 4,993  
    Net book value 1,256 2,447
    Automotive equipment [Member]    
    Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
    Cost 166,462  
    Accumulated depreciation 137,331  
    Net book value $ 29,131 $ 77,208
    XML 69 R47.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Related Party Transactions (Narrative) (Details)
    		 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
    Mar. 01, 2023
    shares
    Sep. 30, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    CAD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2022
    CAD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                
    Rent expense | $       $ 212,521   $ 215,482    
    Revenue | $       $ 610,461   $ 720,055    
    Stock issued during period, shares, conversion of units     500,000 500,000 230,000 230,000    
    Director compensation | $       $ 71,579   $ 57,690    
    Shares issued to employee | $       $ 2,880   $ 1,990    
    Shares issued to employee (Shares)     20,000 20,000 10,000 10,000    
    Management compensation-stock- based compensation | $   $ 240,450   $ 230,400   $ 240,450    
    Accounts Payable [Member]                
    Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                
    Unpaid remuneration and unpaid expenses     $ 227,130 171,733 $ 219,138 161,790    
    Accrued Liabilities [Member]                
    Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                
    Unpaid remuneration and unpaid expenses     183,789 138,963 30,753 22,705    
    Travellers International Inc. [Member]                
    Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                
    Management fees expense     480,000 355,680 480,000 369,216    
    Loans converted     $ 372,483 $ 278,845 $ 0 $ 0    
    Common shares issued upon conversion     2,911,852 2,911,852 193,778 193,778    
    Travellers International Inc. [Member] | Accounts Payable [Member]                
    Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                
    Loans converted     $ 406,800 $ 300,156 $ 45,200 $ 33,371    
    Chief Financial Officer [Member]                
    Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                
    Management fees expense     150,000 111,150 120,000 92,304    
    Interest expense     $ 0 $ 0 $ 674 $ 518    
    Shares issued to directors (Shares)     100,000 100,000 50,000 50,000    
    Director [Member]                
    Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                
    Director compensation     $ 96,597 $ 71,579 $ 75,000 $ 57,690    
    Accrued director compensation     $ 260,793   $ 164,196   $ 197,186 $ 121,226
    Shares issued to directors (Shares) 100,000              
    Common shares awarded under stock-based compensation, shares     100,000 100,000 750,000 750,000    
    Common shares awarded under stock-based compensation, value | $       $ 21,000   $ 105,750    
    Haute Inc [Member]                
    Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                
    Rent expense     $ 139,670 $ 103,496 $ 139,386 $ 107,216    
    Chief Executive Officer [Member]                
    Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                
    Shares issued to directors (Shares)     3,000,000 3,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000    
    XML 70 R48.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Long-Term Debt (Narrative) (Details)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Jan. 11, 2024
    CAD ($)
    Jan. 09, 2024
    USD ($)
    Dec. 14, 2023
    CAD ($)
    Dec. 14, 2023
    USD ($)
    Nov. 02, 2023
    CAD ($)
    a
    Nov. 02, 2023
    USD ($)
    Mar. 01, 2023
    CAD ($)
    Aug. 13, 2021
    CAD ($)
    Aug. 13, 2021
    USD ($)
    Apr. 08, 2021
    CAD ($)
    Apr. 08, 2021
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    CAD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2022
    CAD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    Nov. 03, 2023
    CAD ($)
    Nov. 03, 2023
    USD ($)
    Nov. 02, 2023
    USD ($)
    a
    Mar. 01, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    Mar. 15, 2022
    CAD ($)
    Mar. 15, 2022
    USD ($)
    Nov. 15, 2021
    CAD ($)
    Nov. 15, 2021
    USD ($)
    Aug. 17, 2021
    CAD ($)
    Aug. 17, 2021
    USD ($)
    Apr. 08, 2021
    USD ($)
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                                        
    Long-term debt                               $ 9,371,941         $ 8,869,426              
    Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage                       13.00%       13.00%                        
    Pace Savings & Credit Union Limited (''PACE'') [Member]                                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                                        
    Funds held in trust                                 $ 1,250,000 $ 924,500                    
    Long-term debt                                 $ 5,197,999 $ 3,844,440                    
    Letter of Credit [Member]                                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                                        
    Other commitment                                           $ 637,637 $ 482,117 $ 637,637 $ 482,117      
    Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks [Member] | Letter of Credit [Member]                                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                                        
    Other commitment                       $ 276,831       $ 209,312                        
    Accrual charges for operations                       146,487 $ 110,759                              
    Corporate Term Loan [Member]                                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                                        
    Long-term debt                               0         2,361,424              
    Interest Expense, Debt                       95,297 $ 70,615 $ 464,168 $ 357,038                          
    Accrued interest                       $ 0   390,636   0         288,407              
    Mortgage Payable [Member]                                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                                        
    Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate Description                       The 1st mortgage was repayable interest only on a monthly basis at an annual rate of the higher of the Royal Bank of Canada's prime rate plus 6.05% per annum and 10% per annum with a maturity date of December 1, 2023. The 1st mortgage was repayable interest only on a monthly basis at an annual rate of the higher of the Royal Bank of Canada's prime rate plus 6.05% per annum and 10% per annum with a maturity date of December 1, 2023.                              
    Debt face amount                       $ 5,200,000   5,200,000   3,931,720         3,839,160         $ 2,000,000 $ 1,476,600  
    Financing fees on mortgage                       455,419       344,342                        
    Unamortized finance fees                       $ 43,333   76,404   $ 32,764         56,409              
    Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage                       10.00%       10.00%                   2.00% 2.00%  
    Converted amount                       $ 416,280                                
    Interest Expense, Debt                       969,683 $ 718,535 560,026 430,772                          
    Accrued interest                       58,928   42,740   $ 44,555         31,555              
    Advance of long-term debt               $ 1,900,000 $ 1,402,770                                      
    Portion of fourth tranche used for portion fund to purchase property               $ 1,853,933 $ 1,368,759       314,749                              
    2nd Mortgage [Member]                                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                                        
    Debt face amount             $ 1,500,000                         $ 1,134,150                
    Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage             12.00%                         12.00%                
    Accrued interest                       14,795   0   11,187         0              
    Loan due date             Mar. 01, 2024                                          
    Financing fee             $ 60,000                         $ 45,366                
    Unamortized financing fees                       9,863       7,457                        
    Canada Emergency Business Account [Member]                                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                                        
    Long-term debt                               75,610         73,830              
    Proceeds from the Canadian Emergency Benefit Account                       $ 100,000 $ 75,610                              
    Description of terms of government grants                       If the loans were not repaid by December 31, 2022, the Company could have made payments, interest only, on a monthly basis at an annual rate of 5%, under the extended term date, beginning January 1, 2023, maturing December 31, 2025. If the loans were not repaid by December 31, 2022, the Company could have made payments, interest only, on a monthly basis at an annual rate of 5%, under the extended term date, beginning January 1, 2023, maturing December 31, 2025.                              
    Description terms of partial forgiveness                       The CEBA term loan agreements were amended by extending the interest free repayment date by one year to December 31, 2023. If paid by January 18, 2024, 2023, 30% ($22,683; C$30,000), previously 25%, of the loans would be forgiven. Repayment terms on the extended period are unchanged. The CEBA term loan agreements were amended by extending the interest free repayment date by one year to December 31, 2023. If paid by January 18, 2024, 2023, 30% ($22,683; C$30,000), previously 25%, of the loans would be forgiven. Repayment terms on the extended period are unchanged.                              
    Potential balance forgiveness                       $ 30,000 $ 22,683                              
    Canada Emergency Business Account [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]                                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                                        
    Repayments of Debt $ 70,000 $ 52,927                                                    
    Corporate Term Loans [Member]                                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                                        
    Long-term debt                               $ 53,761         $ 89,659              
    Debt instrument, periodic payment                   $ 4,901 $ 3,706                                  
    Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage                   4.95%                                   4.95%
    Interest Expense, Debt                       $ 4,369 $ 3,238 $ 7,150 $ 5,500                          
    Purchase price                   $ 218,338                                   $ 165,085
    Bank term loan                   $ 200,000                                   $ 151,220
    CANADA                                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                                        
    Long-term debt         $ 2,000,000                           $ 1,479,200                  
    Debt face amount         $ 2,000,000                           $ 1,512,200                  
    Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage         7.00%                           7.00%                  
    Loan due date         Nov. 02, 2025 Nov. 02, 2025                                            
    Area of land | a         2.03                           2.03                  
    Additional land         $ 3,100,000 $ 2,343,910                                            
    Additional disbursement         58,475                           $ 44,213                  
    Repayments of Debt     $ 2,233,298 $ 1,688,597                                                
    CANADA | 2nd Mortgage [Member]                                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                                        
    Debt face amount         $ 1,050,000                           $ 793,905                  
    Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage         13.00%                           13.00%                  
    XML 71 R49.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Long-Term Debt - Schedule of long-term debt instruments (Details) - USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Long-term debt $ 9,371,941 $ 8,869,426
    Current portion (9,371,941) (8,816,931)
    Long-Term portion 0 52,495
    PACE Credit Facility-Due September 2, 2022 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Long-term debt 0 695,974
    PACE Credit Facility-Due September 2, 2022 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Long-term debt 0 389,188
    PACE Corporate Term Loan-Due September 13, 2022 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Long-term debt 0 2,361,424
    Mortgage Payable-Due June 1, 2024 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Long-term debt 4,213,705 3,782,751
    Mortgage Payable-Due March 1, 2024 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Long-term debt 1,126,692 0
    Mortgage Payable-Due November 2, 2025 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Long-term debt 1,512,200 0
    Mortgage Payable-Due November 2, 2024 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Long-term debt 773,465 0
    Mortgage Payable-Due December 14, 2024 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Long-term debt 1,616,508 0
    Mortgage Payable-Due August 17, 2023 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Long-term debt 0 1,476,600
    Canada Emergency Business Account-Due December 31, 2023 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Long-term debt 75,610 73,830
    Corporate Term Loan-Due April 7, 2025 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Long-term debt $ 53,761 $ 89,659
    XML 72 R50.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Obligations under Capital Lease (Narrative) (Details)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    CAD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2022
    CAD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    Obligations Under Capital Lease [Line Items]        
    Debt instrument interest rate 13.00% 13.00%    
    Finance Lease, Interest Expense $ 4,976 $ 3,687 $ 6,191 $ 4,762
    Capital Lease [Member]        
    Obligations Under Capital Lease [Line Items]        
    Capital Lease Obligations Incurred 389,650 294,614    
    Debt instrument, periodic payment $ 6,852 $ 5,181    
    Lessee, Finance Lease, Option to Terminate an option to purchase the equipment for a final payment of a nominal amount of $76 (C$100) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes on February 27, 2025. an option to purchase the equipment for a final payment of a nominal amount of $76 (C$100) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes on February 27, 2025.    
    Debt instrument interest rate 3.59% 3.59%    
    Capital Lease [Member] | First two monthly instalments [Member]        
    Obligations Under Capital Lease [Line Items]        
    Debt instrument, periodic payment $ 19,450 $ 14,706    
    XML 73 R51.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Obligations under Capital Lease - Schedule of obligations under capital lease (Details) - USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Obligations Under Capital Lease [Line Items]    
    Obligations under Capital Lease $ 66,037 $ 121,758
    Less: current portion (66,037) (57,275)
    Obligations under Capital Lease-Long-term $ 0 $ 64,483
    XML 74 R52.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Obligations under Capital Lease - Schedule of future minimum lease payments for capital leases (Details) - USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Obligations Under Capital Lease [Abstract]    
    In the year ending December 31, 2024 $ 62,173  
    In the year ending December 31, 2025 5,257  
    Minimum Payments Due 67,430  
    Less: imputed interest (1,393)  
    Total $ 66,037 $ 121,758
    XML 75 R53.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Convertible Promissory Notes (Narrative) (Details)
    		 1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
    Jun. 08, 2023
    USD ($)
    $ / shares
    Nov. 10, 2022
    USD ($)
    $ / shares
    shares
    May 11, 2022
    $ / shares
    Mar. 11, 2022
    USD ($)
    Mar. 07, 2022
    USD ($)
    Day
    Jun. 29, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 29, 2022
    USD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 22, 2022
    USD ($)
    shares
    Sep. 21, 2022
    USD ($)
    $ / shares
    shares
    Sep. 15, 2022
    USD ($)
    Jun. 29, 2022
    USD ($)
    shares
    Jun. 23, 2022
    USD ($)
    shares
    Oct. 29, 2021
    USD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    $ / shares
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    $ / shares
    shares
    Jul. 28, 2023
    Jun. 07, 2023
    USD ($)
    Nov. 15, 2022
    Sep. 14, 2022
    USD ($)
    Jun. 28, 2022
    USD ($)
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage                           13.00%            
    Aggregate principal amount                           $ 7,442,600 $ 5,825,260          
    Convertible promissory notes, accrued interest                           $ 1,232,440 $ 0          
    Common Stock, Par Value Per Share | $ / shares                           $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001          
    Convertible promissory notes                           $ 10,519,824 $ 7,796,433          
    Loss on conversion of notes                           0 659,526          
    Additional gain (loss) attributed to change in fair value of convertible promissory notes                           (3,059,969) (7,663,844)          
    Gain on extinguishment of note                           0 $ 4,274,820          
    Shares issued on issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt (in Shares) | shares                             4,125,211          
    Shares issued on issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt                             $ 1,652,715          
    Debt issuance costs                           $ 0 $ 101,000          
    Minimum [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Conversion price | $ / shares                           $ 0.1294 $ 0.1885          
    Share price | $ / shares                           0.2047 0.154          
    Maximum [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Conversion price | $ / shares                           0.34 0.2339          
    Share price | $ / shares                           $ 0.325 $ 0.45          
    Convertible promissory note-October 28 and 29, 2021 [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Convertible promissory notes                           $ 2,898,595 $ 2,599,925          
    Convertible promissory notes October 29, 2021 investor note and the March 2022 Investor Notes [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Common Stock, Par Value Per Share | $ / shares $ 0.0001                                      
    Increase in principal balance of notes $ 528,000                                      
    Percentage increase in principal amount 20.00%                                      
    Convertible promissory notes dated October 29 2021 [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Debt Instrument, Face Amount $ 1,300,000                                      
    Convertible promissory note-March 3 and 7, 2022 [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage 24.00%                                      
    Percentage of Original Issue Discount         25.00%                              
    Aggregate principal amount         $ 2,000,000                              
    Amount of original issue discount         $ 500,000                              
    Convertible promissory notes, accrued interest                           854,058 0          
    Common shares issued upon conversion | shares                     100,000                  
    Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of stock price trigger         70.00%                              
    Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading days | Day         5                              
    Convertible notes, increase in outstanding balance due to default, percentage         120.00%         10.00%                    
    Maximum debt conversion amount                   $ 50,000                    
    Debt Instrument, Face Amount $ 3,168,000                 $ 2,640,000 $ 2,400,000     4,022,058     $ 2,640,000   $ 2,400,000 $ 2,000,000
    Proceeds received, net of OID and professional fees       $ 1,425,000 $ 1,425,000                              
    Convertible promissory notes                           $ 6,065,878 $ 3,696,044          
    Convertible notes, interest rate after default         24.00%                              
    Discount rate of conversion price     35.00%                                  
    Previous discount rate of conversion price     30.00%                                  
    Share price | $ / shares     $ 1.7                                  
    Percentage increase in principal amount                     20.00%                  
    Convertible promissory note [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Common shares issued upon conversion | shares                           1,650,709 2,372,000          
    Converted amount                           $ 374,000 $ 579,247          
    Convertible debt, fair value on conversion                           $ 243,100            
    Shares issued on issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt (in Shares) | shares                           0 3,975,211          
    Shares issued on issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt                           $ 0 $ 1,591,245          
    Convertible promissory note [Member] | Minimum [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Conversion price | $ / shares                           $ 0.1294 $ 0.1885          
    Convertible promissory note [Member] | Maximum [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Conversion price | $ / shares                           $ 0.34 $ 0.2339          
    Convertible promissory note- June 23, 2022 [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage                       10.00%                
    Percentage of Original Issue Discount                       10.00%                
    Aggregate principal amount             $ 1,320,000         $ 1,200,000                
    Common shares issued upon conversion | shares             450,000       1,333,333                  
    Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of stock price trigger                       90.00%                
    Debt Instrument, Face Amount           $ 1,320,000                            
    Increase in principal balance of notes           100,000                            
    Convertible promissory notes                           $ 1,555,351 $ 1,500,464          
    Modification fee shares issued | shares             666,667                          
    Unissued common stock stock reserved for issuance upon full conversion of convertible promissory note | shares                       8,000,000                
    Convertible notes, interest rate after default                       15.00%                
    Convertible promissory note disbursement expenses                       $ 204,000                
    Increase in principal amount of debt instrument           $ 1,420,000                            
    Securities purchase agreements [Member] | Convertible promissory note-October 28 and 29, 2021 [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Percentage of Original Issue Discount                         15.00%              
    Percentage of prepayment premium                         120.00%              
    Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of stock price trigger                         70.00%              
    Debt Instrument, Face Amount                         $ 1,765,118              
    Unissued common stock stock reserved for issuance upon full conversion of convertible promissory note | shares                         1,905,000              
    Convertible notes, interest rate after default                         24.00%              
    Percentage of conversion price reset to lowest volume weighted average price                         85.00%              
    Discount rate of conversion price     35.00%                                  
    Previous discount rate of conversion price     30.00%                                  
    Share price | $ / shares     $ 1.7                                  
    Securities purchase agreements [Member] | Convertible promissory notes dated October 28, 2021 [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Common shares issued upon conversion | shares               500,000                        
    Debt Instrument, Face Amount               $ 294,118           355,205            
    Accrued interest and default amounts                           33,045            
    Convertible notes, interest rate after default                               24.00%        
    Discount rate of conversion price               35.00%                        
    Previous discount rate of conversion price               30.00%                        
    Securities purchase agreements [Member] | Convertible promissory notes dated October 29 2021 [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Convertible promissory notes, accrued interest                           $ 345,337            
    Common shares issued upon conversion | shares   372,090             372,090         1,650,709            
    Convertible notes, increase in outstanding balance due to default, percentage                   10.00%                    
    Convertible notes, increase in outstanding balance due to default, amount                   $ 1,618,100                    
    Maximum debt conversion amount                   100,000                    
    Fair value of converted debt   $ 97,129             $ 97,129                      
    Converted amount   $ 50,000             $ 25,000         $ 243,100            
    Debt Instrument, Face Amount                   $ 1,471,000       1,645,337            
    Convertible notes, interest rate after default                                   24.00%    
    Convertible debt, fair value on conversion                           $ 374,000            
    Securities purchase agreements [Member] | Convertible promissory notes dated October 29 2021 [Member] | Minimum [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Conversion price | $ / shares   $ 0.1885             $ 0.1885                      
    Increase in conversion price | $ / shares                           $ 0.1294            
    Securities purchase agreements [Member] | Convertible promissory notes dated October 29 2021 [Member] | Maximum [Member]                                        
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]                                        
    Conversion price | $ / shares   $ 0.2339             $ 0.2339                      
    Increase in conversion price | $ / shares                           $ 0.34            
    XML 76 R54.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Convertible Promissory Notes - Schedule of convertible promissory notes (Details) - USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Convertible promissory notes $ 10,519,824 $ 7,796,433
    Convertible promissory note-October 28 and 29, 2021 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Convertible promissory notes 2,898,595 2,599,925
    Convertible promissory note-March 3 and 7, 2022 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Convertible promissory notes 6,065,878 3,696,044
    Convertible promissory note- June 23, 2022 [Member]    
    Debt Instrument [Line Items]    
    Convertible promissory notes $ 1,555,351 $ 1,500,464
    XML 77 R55.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Fair Value Measurement (Narrative) (Details)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
    Convertible promissory notes maturity terms which were amended post maturity, which were assumed to be 100%. The probability of default was determined in reference to a 1-year PD rate for a 'CCC+' rating at issuance, and a combination of 'CC' and 'CCC-' credit ratings at December 31, 2023 and 2022.  
    Probability of default [Member]    
    Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
    Convertible promissory notes, measurement input 75.00% 75.00%
    Expected volatility [Member] | Minimum [Member]    
    Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
    Convertible promissory notes, measurement input 162.40% 92.00%
    Expected volatility [Member] | Maximum [Member]    
    Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
    Convertible promissory notes, measurement input 164.80% 159.00%
    Credit spread [Member]    
    Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
    Convertible promissory notes, measurement input 10.00% 10.00%
    Credit spread [Member] | Minimum [Member]    
    Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
    Convertible promissory notes, measurement input 22.95% 24.40%
    Credit spread [Member] | Maximum [Member]    
    Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
    Convertible promissory notes, measurement input 22.95% 25.60%
    XML 78 R56.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Fair Value Measurement - Schedule of fair value on a recurring basis (Details) - USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Liabilities:    
    Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value $ 10,519,824 $ 7,796,433
    Level 1 [Member]    
    Liabilities:    
    Convertible promissory notes 0  
    Level 2 [Member]    
    Liabilities:    
    Convertible promissory notes 0  
    Level 3 [Member]    
    Liabilities:    
    Convertible promissory notes 10,519,824  
    Fair Value, Recurring [Member]    
    Assets:    
    Assets: 0 0
    Liabilities:    
    Convertible promissory notes 10,519,824 $ 7,796,433
    Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member]    
    Assets:    
    Assets: 0  
    Liabilities:    
    Convertible promissory notes 0  
    Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Level 2 [Member]    
    Assets:    
    Assets: 0  
    Liabilities:    
    Convertible promissory notes 0  
    Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member]    
    Assets:    
    Assets: 0  
    Liabilities:    
    Convertible promissory notes $ 10,519,824  
    XML 79 R57.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Fair Value Measurement - Schedule of change in Level 3 financial instruments (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - USD ($)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
    Fair value at December 31, 2022 $ 7,796,433 $ 3,798,516
    Fair value at issuance   2,159,526
    Amendments 2,180,923 0
    Conversions/repayments (336,578) (136,880)
    Mark to market adjustment 879,046 7,663,844
    Settlement 0 (5,688,573)
    Fair value at December 31, 2023 $ 10,519,824 $ 7,796,433
    XML 80 R58.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Loans Payable to Related Parties (Narrative) (Details)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 05, 2023
    CAD ($)
    Dec. 05, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    CAD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2022
    CAD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 05, 2023
    USD ($)
    Mar. 16, 2023
    Jun. 06, 2022
    Loans Payable To Related Party [Line Items]                  
    Debt interest rate       13.00%          
    Director [Member]                  
    Loans Payable To Related Party [Line Items]                  
    Debt interest rate               5.00% 5.00%
    Debt face amount       $ 2,298   $ 1,134      
    Accrued interest       3,386   1,088      
    Haute Inc [Member]                  
    Loans Payable To Related Party [Line Items]                  
    Debt interest rate 13.00%           13.00%    
    Debt face amount $ 600,000           $ 453,660    
    Loan due date Jun. 05, 2024 Jun. 05, 2024              
    Net procced after deducting outstanding interest $ 336,495 $ 254,424              
    Other disbursements 204,165 154,369              
    Financing fee 18,000           13,610    
    Harmonized sales taxes 2,340 $ 1,769              
    Prepaid interest $ 39,000           $ 29,488    
    Travellers International Inc. [Member]                  
    Loans Payable To Related Party [Line Items]                  
    Converted amount     $ 372,483 278,845 $ 0 0      
    Accounts payable, related party, converted amount     $ 406,800 $ 300,156 $ 45,200 $ 33,371      
    Common shares issued upon conversion of loans payable to related party | shares     2,911,852 2,911,852 193,778 193,778      
    XML 81 R59.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Loans Payable to Related Parties - Schedule of related party transactions (Details) - USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Loans payable to related parties $ 489,516 $ 40,000
    Director [Member]    
    Loans payable to related parties 47,500 40,000
    Haute Inc [Member]    
    Loans payable to related parties $ 442,016 $ 0
    XML 82 R60.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Capital Stock (Narrative) (Details)
    		 1 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
    Mar. 18, 2024
    shares
    Mar. 01, 2023
    USD ($)
    shares
    Jan. 03, 2023
    CAD ($)
    shares
    Jan. 03, 2023
    USD ($)
    shares
    Feb. 07, 2022
    shares
    Jan. 02, 2022
    shares
    Jan. 27, 2023
    shares
    Sep. 30, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    CAD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    $ / shares
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2022
    CAD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    $ / shares
    shares
    Sep. 08, 2022
    shares
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Common Stock, Shares Authorized                   150,000,000   150,000,000  
    Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share | $ / shares                   $ 0.0001   $ 0.0001  
    Common Stock, Shares, Issued                   125,272,975   113,438,832  
    Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding                   125,272,975   113,438,832  
    Stock issued during period, shares, conversion of unsecured convertible promissory notes                 1,650,709 1,650,709 2,372,090 2,372,090  
    Stock issued during period, value, conversion of unsecured convertible promissory notes | $                   $ 374,000   $ 579,247  
    Shares issued on conversion of related party debt | $                   579,001   33,136  
    Shares issued on private placement | $                   $ 380,971   907,760  
    Share issue costs | $                       $ 1,440  
    Shares issued on private placement (Shares)                 1,536,582 1,536,582 4,444,041 4,444,041  
    Shares issued for professional services (Shares)     225,000 225,000         1,790,000 1,790,000 6,655,000 6,655,000  
    Shares issued for professional services     $ 45,000 $ 34,124           $ 396,895   $ 2,186,110  
    Management compensation-stock-based compensation included in prepaid expenses and deposits | $                   0   374,531  
    Stock-based compensation | $                   396,895   2,092,230  
    Management compensation-stock-based compensation | $               $ 240,450   $ 230,400   $ 240,450  
    Shares issued on issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt (in Shares)                     4,125,211 4,125,211  
    Shares issued on issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt | $                       $ 1,652,715  
    Number of common shares that were returned to treasury                         241,502
    Stock issued during period, conversion of units (Shares)                 500,000 500,000 230,000 230,000  
    Share cancellation (Shares)                 60,100 60,100      
    Loss on conversion of convertible promissory note | $                   $ 74,359      
    Shares issued on extension of the maturity dates on convertible promissory notes (in Shares)                     1,616,667 1,616,667  
    Shares issued on extension of the maturity dates on convertible promissory notes | $                       $ 231,067  
    Number of shares to be issued cancelled 750,000                        
    Consulting agreements [Member]                          
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Shares issued for professional services (Shares)             750,000            
    Shares to be issued, balance | $                   $ 0   $ 213,600  
    Number of shares to be issued                   750,000      
    Shares to be issued, cancelled | $                   $ 60,100      
    Number of shares to be issued cancelled                 250,000 250,000      
    Convertible promissory note [Member]                          
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Common shares issued upon conversion of loans payable to related party                 1,650,709 1,650,709 2,372,000 2,372,000  
    Shares issued on issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt (in Shares)                 0 0 3,975,211 3,975,211  
    Shares issued on issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt | $                   $ 0   $ 1,591,245  
    Minimum [Member]                          
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Conversion price | $ / shares                   $ 0.1294   $ 0.1885  
    Share price | $ / shares                   0.2047   0.154  
    Minimum [Member] | Convertible promissory note [Member]                          
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Conversion price | $ / shares                   0.1294   0.1885  
    Maximum [Member]                          
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Conversion price | $ / shares                   0.34   0.2339  
    Share price | $ / shares                   0.325   0.45  
    Maximum [Member] | Convertible promissory note [Member]                          
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Conversion price | $ / shares                   $ 0.34   $ 0.2339  
    Travellers International Inc. [Member]                          
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Common shares issued upon conversion of loans payable to related party                 2,911,852 2,911,852 193,778 193,778  
    Shares issued on conversion of related party debt                 $ 779,283 $ 579,001 $ 45,200 $ 33,371  
    Chief Executive Officer [Member]                          
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Shares issued to directors (Shares)                 3,000,000 3,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000  
    Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Consulting agreements [Member]                          
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Shares issued to directors (Shares)     3,000,000 3,000,000   1,000,000              
    Chief Financial Officer [Member]                          
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Shares issued to directors (Shares)                 100,000 100,000 50,000 50,000  
    Chief Financial Officer [Member] | Consulting agreements [Member]                          
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Shares issued to directors (Shares)     100,000 100,000   50,000              
    Shares issued to directors | $                   $ 446,400   $ 240,450  
    Employees [Member]                          
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Number of shares issued to employees     20,000 20,000 10,000                
    Value of shares issued to employees | $       $ 2,880               $ 1,990  
    Director [Member]                          
    Capital Stock [Line Items]                          
    Shares issued to directors (Shares)   100,000                      
    Shares issued to directors | $   $ 21,000                      
    XML 83 R61.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Commitments (Narrative) (Details)
    		 1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
    Jan. 03, 2023
    shares
    Nov. 05, 2021
    CAD ($)
    Nov. 05, 2021
    USD ($)
    Jan. 27, 2023
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2023
    CAD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2022
    CAD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    Mar. 15, 2022
    CAD ($)
    Mar. 15, 2022
    USD ($)
    Nov. 15, 2021
    CAD ($)
    Nov. 15, 2021
    USD ($)
    Other Commitments [Line Items]                            
    Shares issued for professional services (Shares) | shares 225,000       1,790,000 1,790,000 6,655,000 6,655,000            
    Fees to acquired exclusive rights - sixty days subsequent to shares listed on Nasdaq | $           $ 125,000                
    Fees to acquired exclusive rights - one-year anniversary of first payment | $           125,000                
    Fees to acquired exclusive rights - one-year anniversary of second payment | $           125,000                
    Warrants issue shares | shares         250,000       250,000          
    Consulting agreements [Member]                            
    Other Commitments [Line Items]                            
    Shares issued for professional services (Shares) | shares       750,000                    
    New investor relations consulting agreement [Member]                            
    Other Commitments [Line Items]                            
    Other commitment | $                 $ 300,000          
    Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Consulting agreements [Member]                            
    Other Commitments [Line Items]                            
    Commitments, monthly amount         $ 40,000 30,244                
    Commitments, monthly amount next 12 months         $ 50,000 $ 37,805                
    Consultant [Member] | New investor relations consulting agreement [Member]                            
    Other Commitments [Line Items]                            
    Shares issued for professional services (Shares) | shares         500,000 500,000                
    Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Facility [Member] | Consulting agreements [Member]                            
    Other Commitments [Line Items]                            
    Architectural and general contracting fees   $ 9,125,809 $ 6,900,024                      
    Chief Financial Officer [Member] | Consulting agreements [Member]                            
    Other Commitments [Line Items]                            
    Commitments, monthly amount         $ 12,500 $ 9,451                
    Haute Inc [Member]                            
    Other Commitments [Line Items]                            
    Commitments, monthly amount         9,000 6,805                
    Land Lease [Member]                            
    Other Commitments [Line Items]                            
    Commitments, monthly amount         3,000 2,268                
    Commitments, annual amount         10,000 7,561                
    Letter of Credit [Member]                            
    Other Commitments [Line Items]                            
    Other commitment                     $ 637,637 $ 482,117 $ 637,637 $ 482,117
    Letter of Credit [Member] | Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks [Member]                            
    Other Commitments [Line Items]                            
    Other commitment         276,831       209,312          
    Accrual charges for operations         146,487 110,759                
    Letter of credit         146,487   $ 637,637   $ 110,759 $ 482,117        
    Disposal costs         $ 2,847,790 $ 2,153,214 $ 904,287 $ 676,635            
    XML 84 R62.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Commitments - Schedule of commitments (Details)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    Chief Executive Officer And Chief Financial Officer [Member]  
    Other Commitments [Line Items]  
    For the year ending December 31, 2024 $ 453,660
    Land Lease [Member]  
    Other Commitments [Line Items]  
    For the year ending December 31, 2024 7,561
    For the year ending December 31, 2025 7,561
    Contractual Obligation $ 15,122
    XML 85 R63.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Other Income (Expenses) (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Other Income (Expenses) [Line Items]    
    Provision for losses $ (2,740,661) $ 0
    Loss on deposit for future acquisition [Member]    
    Other Income (Expenses) [Line Items]    
    Provision for losses (148,200)  
    Loss on claim by Tradigital Marketing Group [Member]    
    Other Income (Expenses) [Line Items]    
    Provision for losses (58,097)  
    Loss on a lawsuit [Member]    
    Other Income (Expenses) [Line Items]    
    Provision for losses $ (2,534,364)  
    XML 86 R64.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Other Income (Expenses) - Schedule of other income (expenses) (Details) - USD ($)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]    
    Gain on settlement of outstanding debt and accrued interest with PACE $ 2,925,467 $ 0
    Loss on conversion of convertible promissory notes (74,359) 0
    Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes (3,059,969) (8,323,370)
    Provision for losses (2,740,661) 0
    Settlement payment 0 250,000
    Gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes 0 4,274,820
    Total other income $ (2,949,522) $ (4,298,550)
    XML 87 R65.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) - General Business Tax Credit Carryforward [Member]
    Dec. 31, 2023
    CAD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2022
    CAD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    US NOL        
    Operating Loss Carryforwards   $ 9,499,557   $ 5,537,874
    Canadian NOL        
    Operating Loss Carryforwards $ 13,976,852 $ 10,567,898 $ 13,185,352 $ 9,734,745
    XML 88 R66.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Income Taxes - Schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]    
    Loss before income taxes $ (8,225,334) $ (12,082,636)
    Expected income tax recovery at the statutory rate of 21% (2022-21%) (1,727,320) (2,537,354)
    Foreign tax rate differences (66,534) (133,836)
    Prior year adjustments 26,565 50,972
    Foreign exchange effect on deferred tax assets and other (62,195) 112,591
    Permanent differences 681,551 1,545,782
    Change in valuation allowance 1,147,933 889,757
    Provision for income taxes $ 0 $ (72,088)
    Expected income tax recovery at the statutory rate 21.00% 21.00%
    XML 89 R67.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Income Taxes - Schedule of income tax provision allocation (Details) - USD ($)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]    
    Deferred Tax (recovery) $ 0 $ (72,088)
    Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total $ 0 $ (72,088)
    XML 90 R68.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Income Taxes - Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Dec. 31, 2021
    Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
    Net operating loss carry forwards $ 4,795,400 $ 3,742,661  
    Financing costs 41,495 84,502  
    Depreciable and amortizable assets (21,073) 9,123  
    Land (175,603) (171,469)  
    Convertible promissory notes 0 (110,924)  
    Other timing differences 198,156 136,549  
    Total gross deferred income tax assets 4,838,375 3,690,442  
    Less: valuation allowance 4,871,404 3,690,442  
    Total deferred income tax liabilities $ 0 $ 0 $ (73,925)
    XML 91 R69.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Income Taxes - Schedule of movement in deferred income tax liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]    
    Balance at the beginning of the year $ 0 $ (73,925)
    Recognized in profit/loss 0 72,088
    Recognized in OCI 0 1,837
    Balance at the end of the year $ 0 $ 0
    XML 92 R70.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Economic Dependence (Narrative) (Details) - Revenue [Member] - Customer Concentration Risk [Member]
    		 12 Months Ended
    Dec. 31, 2023
    Dec. 31, 2022
    Concentration risk, percentage 94.00% 87.00%
    Three Customers [Member]    
    Concentration risk, percentage 94.00% 84.00%
    XML 93 R71.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Legal Proceedings (Narrative) (Details)
    		 1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 24 Months Ended
    Apr. 04, 2024
    USD ($)
    shares
    Nov. 17, 2023
    USD ($)
    shares
    Oct. 04, 2023
    USD ($)
    Apr. 26, 2024
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    CAD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2022
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    shares
    Loss Contingencies [Line Items]                
    Stock issued during period shares | shares         1,536,582 4,444,041    
    Common shares outstanding | shares         125,272,975 113,438,832   125,272,975
    Subsequent Event [Member]                
    Loss Contingencies [Line Items]                
    Damages sought, value $ 189,834.17              
    Common shares outstanding | shares 300,000              
    Common shares issued | shares 50,000              
    Common stock yet to be issued | shares 250,000              
    Claim awarded       $ 118,170        
    Tradigital Marketing Group [Member]                
    Loss Contingencies [Line Items]                
    Stock issued during period shares | shares   300,000            
    Damages sought, value   $ 219,834.17            
    October 2021 Investor Note [Member]                
    Loss Contingencies [Line Items]                
    Damages sought, value     $ 1,300,000          
    Debt face amount     1,645,337          
    Converted amount             $ 318,100  
    Accrued interest     345,337          
    Convertible notes payable     $ 2,404,558          
    Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Member]                
    Loss Contingencies [Line Items]                
    Unpaid legal fees         $ 65,241     $ 49,329
    Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]                
    Loss Contingencies [Line Items]                
    Unpaid legal fees $ 30,000              
    Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Member] | Hydro Bills [Member]                
    Loss Contingencies [Line Items]                
    Unpaid legal fees         $ 500,302     $ 378,278
    XML 94 R72.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
    Subsequent Events (Narrative) (Details)
    		 12 Months Ended
    Apr. 15, 2024
    USD ($)
    Apr. 04, 2024
    USD ($)
    Apr. 02, 2024
    CAD ($)
    Apr. 02, 2024
    USD ($)
    Apr. 01, 2024
    USD ($)
    Mar. 18, 2024
    shares
    Jan. 15, 2024
    CAD ($)
    shares
    Dec. 31, 2023
    USD ($)
    Dec. 31, 2022
    USD ($)
    Jan. 15, 2024
    USD ($)
    Jan. 09, 2024
    CAD ($)
    Jan. 09, 2024
    USD ($)
    Dec. 05, 2023
    CAD ($)
    Dec. 05, 2023
    USD ($)
    Subsequent Event [Line Items]                            
    Number of shares to be issued cancelled | shares           750,000                
    Amount of loan repaid daily               $ 7,442,600 $ 5,825,260          
    Payment of interest charges               $ 1,232,440 $ 0          
    Haute Inc [Member]                            
    Subsequent Event [Line Items]                            
    Debt face amount                         $ 600,000 $ 453,660
    Subsequent Event [Member]                            
    Subsequent Event [Line Items]                            
    Damages sought, value   $ 189,834.17                        
    Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Promissory Note [Member]                            
    Subsequent Event [Line Items]                            
    Debt face amount $ 120,000                          
    Proceeds from convertible debt $ 100,500                          
    Subsequent Event [Member] | 4th mortgage [Member] | Belleville, Ontario Canada property [Member]                            
    Subsequent Event [Line Items]                            
    Amount of loan repaid daily     $ 196,028 $ 148,217                    
    Payment of interest charges     $ 323,786 $ 244,815                    
    Subsequent Event [Member] | Travellers [Member]                            
    Subsequent Event [Line Items]                            
    Accounts payable related party             $ 135,600     $ 102,527        
    Common shares issued upon conversion | shares             809,044              
    Subsequent Event [Member] | Haute Inc [Member]                            
    Subsequent Event [Line Items]                            
    Debt face amount                     $ 329,670 $ 249,263    
    Subsequent Event [Member] | Investor [Member]                            
    Subsequent Event [Line Items]                            
    Damages sought, value         $ 4,545,393                  
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