10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
☒	Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2023

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-39070

MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	32-0463781
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. employer identification number)

1000 Skokie Blvd., Suite 350, Wilmette, IL	60091
(Address of principal executive offices)	(zip code)

(847) 388-0349

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value	MNPR	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq Capital Market)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated Filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares outstanding with respect to each of the classes of our common stock, as of April 28, 2023, is set forth below:

Class	Number of shares outstanding
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	13,222,056

MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
Part I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	7
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023, and 2022	8
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023, and 2022	9
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023, and 2022	11
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	12
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	33
Part II	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	34
Item 6.	Exhibits	34
Signatures		35

2

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. The words “hopes,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “projects,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “will,” “continue,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The following uncertainties and factors, among others, could affect future performance and cause actual results to differ materially from those matters expressed in or implied by forward-looking statements:

· our ability to raise sufficient funds within the next 12 months in order for us to (1) continue the clinical development of camsirubicin through and beyond our ongoing Phase 1b dose escalation clinical trial, (2) support further preclinical and clinical development of MNPR-101 for radiopharmaceutical use in advanced cancers, and (3) support further development of MNPR-202 and related compounds; as well as our ability to further raise additional funds in the future to support any future product candidate programs through completion of clinical trials, and our current and future product candidate programs through the approval processes and, if applicable, commercialization;

· our ability to raise funds at acceptable terms;  

· our ability to find a suitable pharmaceutical partner or partners to further our development efforts, under acceptable financial terms;

· risks and uncertainties associated with our research and development activities, including our clinical trials, regulatory submissions, and manufacturing and quality expenses;

· estimated timeframes for our clinical trials and regulatory reviews for approval to market products are uncertain;

· the rate of market acceptance and competitiveness in terms of pricing, efficacy and safety, of any products for which we receive marketing approval, and our ability to competitively market any such products as compared to larger pharmaceutical firms;

· the difficulties of commercialization, marketing and product manufacturing and overall strategy;

· uncertainties of intellectual property position and strategy including new discoveries and patent filings;

· our ability to attract and retain experienced and qualified key personnel and/or to find and utilize external sources of experience, expertise and scientific, medical and commercialization knowledge to complete product development and commercialization of new products;

· the risks inherent in our estimates regarding the level of needed expenses, capital requirements and the availability of required additional financing at acceptable terms;

· the impact of government laws and regulations including increased governmental control of healthcare and pharmaceuticals, resulting in direct price controls driving lower prices, other governmental regulations affecting cost requirements and structures for selling therapeutic products, and recent governmental legislation affecting other industries which may indirectly increase our costs of obtaining goods and services;

· the uncertain continuing impact of COVID-19 on our ability to advance our clinical programs and raise additional financing;

· the cumulative impact of domestic and global inflation, volatility in financial markets and the banking industry and/or the potential for an economic recession increasing our costs of obtaining goods and services or making financing more difficult to obtain on acceptable terms or at all;

· the uncertain impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on our clinical material manufacturing expenses and timelines, as well as on general economic, trade and financial market conditions; and

· uncertainty of our financial projections and operational timelines and the development of new competitive products and technologies.

3

Although we believe that the risk assessments identified in such forward-looking statements are appropriate, we can give no assurance that such risks will materialize. Cautionary statements are disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including without limitation statements in the section entitled “Item 1A - Risk Factors,” addressing forward-looking statements. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements. We undertake no obligation to update any statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or elsewhere, including without limitation any forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

Any forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q reflect our current views with respect to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances projected in this information.

4

Summary Risk Factors

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in “Item 1A - Risk Factors” of our December 31, 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 23, 2023 and “Item 1A - Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These risks include, among others, the following:

· We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company with a history of financial losses. We expect to continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve or maintain cash self-sufficiency or profitability, which could result in a decline in the market value of our common stock.

· Funds raised to date are not sufficient to (1) continue the clinical development of camsirubicin through and beyond our ongoing Phase 1b dose escalation clinical trial; (2) support further development of MNPR-101 for radiopharmaceutical use in advanced cancers; or (3) support continued development of MNPR-202 and related compounds. If we are unable to raise enough funds within the next 12 months from the sale of our common stock or other financing efforts, or conclude a strategic agreement or collaboration such as out-licensing our product candidates, or entering into a clinical or commercial partnership, we will likely have to terminate one or more programs. There can be no assurance that we will be able to secure such financing or find a suitable development partner on satisfactory terms.

· The termination of our Validive clinical trial at the end of March 2023 resulted in a decrease in our stock price. If our stock price does not increase in the next several months, it may have serious adverse consequences on our ability to raise funds, which may cause us to delay, restructure or otherwise reconsider our operations.  

· We do not have and may never have any approved products on the market. Our business is highly dependent upon receiving marketing approvals from various U.S. and international governmental agencies and would be severely harmed if we are not granted approvals to manufacture and sell our product candidates.

· Our clinical trials may not yield sufficiently conclusive results for regulatory agencies to approve the use of our products, which would adversely affect our financial condition.

· If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals will be delayed or prevented, which would materially delay our program schedules and adversely affect our financial condition.

· If we or our licensees, development collaborators, or suppliers are unable to manufacture our products in sufficient quantities or at defined quality specifications, or are unable to obtain regulatory approvals for the manufacturing facility, we may be unable to develop and/or meet demand for our products and lose time to market and potential revenues.

· We rely on qualified third parties to conduct our active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturing, our drug product manufacturing, non-clinical studies, and our clinical trials. If these third parties do not or cannot successfully carry out their contractual duties and meet expected deadlines or performance goals, the initiation or conduct of our clinical trials would be delayed and we may be unable to obtain regulatory approval for, or commercialize, our current product candidates or any future products, and our financial condition would be adversely affected.

· The Russia-Ukraine war, and resulting sanctions against Russia and Russian entities, and Russian reduction in gas shipments to the EU and other allies, have increased fuel costs, reduced access to critical supplies and may cause shipping delays. The broader economic, trade and financial market consequences are uncertain at this time, which may increase the cost of supplies for our clinical materials, may delay the manufacture of our clinical materials, may increase costs of other goods and services or make it more difficult or costly to raise additional financing, any of which could cause an adverse effect on our clinical programs and on our financial condition.

5

· Market variables, such as inflation of product costs, labor rates and fuel, freight and energy costs, as well as geopolitical events could likely cause us to suffer significant increases in our operating and administrative expenses.

· Unstable market and economic conditions, such as the recent volatility in the markets due to concerns about bank stability and economic challenges due to inflation, may have serious adverse consequences on our ability to raise funds, which may cause us to delay, restructure or otherwise reconsider our operations.

· The effects of economic and political pressure to lower pharmaceutical prices are a major threat to the economic viability of new research-based pharmaceutical products, and any significant decrease in drug prices could materially and adversely affect the financial appeal of our products and investment prospects.

· We face significant competition from other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, and from research-based academic medical institutions, in our targeted medical indications, and our operating results would be adversely affected if we fail to compete effectively. Many competitors have greater organizational capabilities in our industry, much higher available capital resources, and established marketing resources and sales in the targeted markets. Competition and technological change may make our product candidates obsolete or non-competitive.

· The termination of third-party licenses would adversely affect our rights to important compounds or technologies which are essential to develop and market our products.

· If we and our third-party licensors do not obtain and preserve protection for our respective intellectual property rights, our competitors may be able to develop and market competing drugs, which would adversely affect our financial condition.

· If we lose key management leadership, and/or the expertise and experience of our scientific personnel, and if we cannot recruit qualified employees or other highly qualified and experienced personnel for future requirements, we would be at risk to experience significant program delays and increased compensation and operational costs, and our business would be materially disrupted.

· The long-term effects of COVID-19 are highly uncertain, and their scope and impact could have a substantial negative bearing on our business, financial condition, operating results, stock price and ability to raise additional funds.

6

PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Monopar Therapeutics Inc.

Condensed Consolidated

Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022*
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,725,593		$	8,186,194
Investments		5,950,638			4,933,550
Other current assets		106,819			45,982
Total current assets		11,783,050			13,165,726
Operating lease right-of-use asset		49,376			61,228
Total assets	$	11,832,426		$	13,226,954
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	2,887,765		$	3,128,894
Total current liabilities		2,887,765			3,128,894
Non-current operating lease liability		—			8,408
Total liabilities		2,887,765			3,137,302
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity:
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, par value of $0.001 per share, 40,000,000 shares authorized, 13,222,056 and 12,946,573 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively		13,222			12,947
Additional paid-in capital		63,138,229			61,871,784
Accumulated other comprehensive income		31,787			8,942
Accumulated deficit		(54,238,577	)		(51,804,021	)
Total stockholders’ equity		8,944,661			10,089,652
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	11,832,426		$	13,226,954

* Derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 

7

Monopar Therapeutics Inc.

Condensed Consolidated

Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	1,653,369		$	1,677,932
General and administrative		871,675			779,254
Total operating expenses		2,525,044			2,457,186
Loss from operations		(2,525,044	)		(2,457,186	)
Interest income		90,488			464
Net loss		(2,434,556	)		(2,456,722	)
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation loss		(10,800	)		(584	)
Unrealized gain on investments		33,645			—
Comprehensive loss	$	(2,411,711	)	$	(2,457,306	)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.19	)	$	(0.19	)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted		13,105,831			12,604,443

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

Monopar Therapeutics Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

(Unaudited)

								Accumulated
					Additional			Other					Total
	Common Stock				Paid-			Comprehensive		Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		in Capital			Income		Deficit			Equity
Balance at January 1, 2023		12,946,573	$	12,947	$	61,871,784		$	8,942	$	(51,804,021	)	$	10,089,652
Issuance of common stock under a Capital on DemandTM Sales Agreement with JonesTrading Institutional Services, LLC, net of commissions, fees and offering costs of $37,661		244,392		244		807,094			—		—			807,338
Issuance of common stock to non-employee directors pursuant to vested restricted stock units		10,132		10		(10	)		—		—			—
Issuance of common stock to employees pursuant to vested restricted stock units, net of taxes		20,959		21		(16,848	)		—		—			(16,827	)
Stock-based compensation (non-cash)		—		—		476,209			—		—			476,209
Net loss		—		—		—			—		(2,434,556	)		(2,434,556	)
Other comprehensive income, net		—		—		—			22,845		—			22,845
Balance at March 31, 2023		13,222,056	$	13,222	$	63,138,229		$	31,787	$	(54,238,577	)	$	8,944,661

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

Monopar Therapeutics Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

(Unaudited)

								Accumulated
					Additional			Other						Total
	Common Stock				Paid-			Comprehensive			Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		in Capital			Loss			Deficit			Equity
Balance at January 1, 2022		12,598,125	$	12,598	$	60,220,016		$	(3,160	)	$	(41,288,383	)	$	18,941,071
Issuance of common stock to non-employee directors pursuant to vested restricted stock units		11,436		12		(12	)		—			—			—
Issuance of common stock to employees pursuant to vested restricted stock units, net of taxes		11,031		11		(16,677	)		—			—			(16,666	)
Stock-based compensation (non-cash)		—		—		499,812			—			—			499,812
Net loss		—		—		—			—			(2,456,722	)		(2,456,722	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—			(584	)		—			(584	)
Balance at March 31, 2022		12,620,592	$	12,621	$	60,703,139		$	(3,744	)	$	(43,745,105	)	$	16,966,911

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

10

Monopar Therapeutics Inc.

 Condensed Consolidated

Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended  March 31,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(2,434,556	)	$	(2,456,722	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense (non-cash)		476,209			499,812
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net
Other current assets		(60,842	)		24,110
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(251,924	)		(532,321	)
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, net		—			(2,379	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(2,271,113	)		(2,467,500	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of short-term investments		(2,958,776	)		—
Maturities of short-term investments		1,975,333			—
Net cash used in investing activities		(983,443	)		—
Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash proceeds from the sales of common stock under a Capital on DemandTM Sales Agreement		821,625			—
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of vested restricted stock units		(16,827	)		(16,666	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		804,798			(16,666	)
Effect of exchange rates		(10,843	)		(659	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(2,460,601	)		(2,484,825	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		8,186,194			20,303,869
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	5,725,593		$	17,819,044

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

11

MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2023

Note 1 – Nature of Business and Liquidity

Nature of Business

Monopar Therapeutics Inc. (“Monopar” or the ”Company”) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing proprietary therapeutics designed to extend life or improve quality of life for cancer patients. Monopar currently has three compounds in development: 1) camsirubicin (generic name for MNPR-201, GPX-150; 5-imino-13-deoxydoxorubicin), a Phase 1b clinical stage novel analog of doxorubicin engineered specifically to retain anticancer activity while minimizing toxic effects on the heart; 2) MNPR-101 RIT and MNPR-101-Zr, a preclinical stage uPAR-targeted antibody being developed as a radioimmunotherapeutic and companion diagnostic for advanced cancers; and 3) an early stage camsirubicin analog, MNPR-202, for various cancers. On March 27, 2023, the Company discontinued its Validive Phase 2b/3 VOICE trial based upon its Data Safety Monitoring Board’s determination that the trial did not meet the pre-defined threshold for efficacy of a 15% absolute difference in severe oral mucositis prevention between Validive and placebo. Other than clinical site close-out related expense to be incurred in Q2 2023, the Company will not incur any license or royalty obligations or incur any significant expenses beyond Q2 2023 related to Validive.

Liquidity

The Company has incurred an accumulated deficit of approximately $54.2 million as of March 31, 2023. To date, the Company has primarily funded its operations with the net proceeds from the Company’s initial public offering of its common stock on Nasdaq, sales of its common stock in the public market through at-the-market sales agreements, private placements of convertible preferred stock and of common stock and cash provided in the camsirubicin asset purchase transaction. Management estimates that currently available cash will provide sufficient funds to enable the Company to meet its obligations at least through June 2024. The Company’s ability to fund its future operations, including the continued clinical development of camsirubicin and continued development of its radiopharmaceutical program, is dependent upon its ability to execute its business strategy, to obtain additional funding and/or to execute collaborative research agreements. There can be no certainty that future financing or collaborative research agreements will occur in the amounts required or at a time needed to maintain operations, if at all.

Market variables over which the Company has no control, such as inflation of product costs, higher capital costs, labor rates and fuel, freight and energy costs, as well as geopolitical events could cause the Company to suffer significant increases in its operating and administrative expenses.

The Russia-Ukraine war, and resulting sanctions against Russia and Russian entities or allies, have increased fuel costs and may cause shipping delays. The broader economic, trade and financial market consequences are uncertain at this time, which may increase the cost of supplies for the Company’s clinical materials, may delay the manufacture of its clinical materials, may increase costs of other goods and services, or make it more difficult or costly to raise additional financing, any of which could cause an adverse effect on the Company’s clinical and development program and on the Company’s financial condition.

The coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) continues to affect economies and business around the world. Due to many uncertainties, the Company is unable to estimate COVID-19’s financial impact or duration in light of global vaccine rollouts, treatment options and potential surges of new cases from current or future COVID-19 variants or its potential impact on the Company’s current clinical trial and development programs, including COVID-19’s effect on drug candidate manufacturing, shipping, patient recruitment at clinical sites and regulatory agencies around the globe. 

12

MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2023

Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial results of Monopar Therapeutics Inc., its wholly-owned French subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics, SARL, and its wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics Australia Pty Ltd, and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) and include all disclosures required by GAAP for financial reporting. All intercompany accounts have been eliminated. The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements are set out below and have been consistently applied in all periods presented. The Company has been primarily involved in performing research activities, developing product candidates, and raising capital to support and expand these activities.

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal, recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2023, and the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, and the Company’s condensed consolidated cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022.

The interim condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss and condensed consolidated cash flows for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the condensed consolidated results of operations or cash flows which may be reported for the remainder of 2023 or for any future period. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 23, 2023.

Functional Currency

The Company’s consolidated functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. The Company’s Australian subsidiary and French subsidiary use the Australian Dollar and European Euro, respectively, as their functional currency. At each quarter-end, each foreign subsidiary’s balance sheets are translated into U.S. Dollars based upon the quarter-end exchange rate, while their statements of operations and comprehensive loss and statements of cash flows are translated into U.S. Dollars based upon an average exchange rate during the period.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss represents net loss plus any income or losses not reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, such as foreign currency translations gains and losses and unrealized gains and losses on debt security investments that are reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Going Concern Assessment

The Company applies Accounting Standards Codification 205-40 (“ASC 205-40”), Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued to provide guidance on determining when and how reporting companies must disclose going concern uncertainties in their financial statements. ASC 205-40 requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity’s financial statements (or within one year after the date on which the financial statements are available to be issued, when applicable). Further, a company must provide certain disclosures if there is “substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.” In April 2023, the Company analyzed its cash requirements at least through June 2024 and has determined that, based upon the Company’s current available cash, the Company has no substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.

13

MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2023

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of 90 days or less on the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of March 31, 2023, and December 31 2022, consisted of two money market accounts and U.S. Treasury Bills.

Investments

The Company considers all of its investments in debt securities (U.S. Government or Agencies), with maturities at the date of purchase from three months to one year to be available-for-sale securities. These investments are recorded at fair value with the unrealized gains and losses reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Realized gains and losses from the sale of investments, if any are determined, are recorded net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The investments selected by the Company have a low level of inherent credit risk given they are issued by the U.S. government and any changes in their fair value are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and market liquidity. Investments as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, consisted of U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities of 91 days to one year.

Prepaid Expenses

Prepayments are expenditures for goods or services before the goods are used or the services are received and are charged to operations as the benefits are realized. Prepaid expenses may include payments to development collaborators in excess of actual expenses incurred by the collaborator measured at the end of each reporting period. Prepayments also include insurance premiums, dues and subscriptions and software costs of $10,000 or more per year that are expensed monthly over the life of the contract, which is typically one year. Prepaid expenses are reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as other current assets.

Leases

Lease agreements are evaluated to determine whether an arrangement is or contains a lease in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. Right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The right-of-use lease asset on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The incremental borrowing taking into consideration the Company’s credit quality and borrowing rate for similar assets is used in determining the present value of future payments. Lease expense is recorded as general and administrative expenses on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. ASC 842 was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2019.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents at two reputable financial institutions. As of March 31, 2023, the balance at one financial institution was in excess of the $250,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurable limit. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits since inception and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks with respect to these financial institutions.

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MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2023

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

For financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, investments, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities, the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of fair value due to their relatively short maturities.

The Company adopted ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, as amended, which addresses the measurement of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities. Under this standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The standard establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing an asset or liability developed based on the best information available under the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

Level 1 - instrument valuations are obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets.

Level 2 - instrument valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for comparable instruments.

Level 3 - instrument valuations are obtained without observable market values and require a high-level of judgment to determine the fair value.

Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each reporting period. There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022. The following table presents the assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis. No values were recorded in Level 2 or Level 3 at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

March 31, 2023	Level 1		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents(1)	$	4,472,806	$	4,472,806
Investments(2)		5,950,638		5,950,638
Total	$	10,423,444	$	10,423,444

December 31 2022	Level 1		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents(1)	$	7,248,946	$	7,248,946
Investments(2)		4,933,550		4,933,550
Total	$	12,182,496	$	12,182,496

(1)	Cash equivalents as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, represent the fair value of the Company’s investment in two money market accounts and U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities at the date of purchase of less than 90 days.
(2)	Investments represents the fair value of the Company’s investment in U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities at the date of purchase from 91 days to one year.

15

MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2023

Net Loss per Share

Net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the periods. Diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of the sum of a) weighted average common stock outstanding (13,105,831 and 12,604,443 shares for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively) and b) potentially dilutive shares of common stock (such as stock options and restricted stock units) outstanding during the period. As of March 31, 2023, and 2022, potentially dilutive securities included stock-based awards to purchase up to 2,745,916 and 2,548,155 shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of fully diluted net loss per share as their effect is anti-dilutive.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Major components of R&D expenses include salaries and benefits paid to the Company’s R&D staff, compensation expenses of G&A personnel performing R&D, fees paid to consultants and to the entities that conduct certain R&D activities on the Company’s behalf and materials and supplies which were used in R&D activities during the reporting period.

Clinical Trials Accruals

The Company accrues and expenses the costs for clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon estimates of the percentage of work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with agreements established with contract research organizations, service providers, and clinical trial sites. The Company estimates the amounts to accrue based upon discussions with internal clinical personnel and external service providers as to progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed upon fees to be paid for such services. Costs of setting up clinical trial sites for participation in the trials are expensed immediately as R&D expenses. Clinical trial site costs related to patient screening and enrollment are accrued as patients are screened/entered into the trial.

Collaborative Agreements

The Company and its collaborative partners are active participants in collaborative agreements and all parties would be exposed to significant risks and rewards depending on the technical and commercial success of the activities. Contractual payments to the other parties in collaboration agreements and costs incurred by the Company when the Company is deemed to be the principal participant for a given transaction are recognized on a gross basis in R&D expenses. Royalties and license payments are recorded as earned.

 During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, no milestones were met, and no royalties were earned, therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any license or royalty payments.

Licensing Agreements

The Company has various agreements licensing technology utilized in the development of its product or technology programs. The licenses contain success milestone obligations and royalties on future sales. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, no milestones were met, and no royalties were earned, therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any license or royalty payments under any of its license agreements.

16

MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2023

Patent Costs

The Company expenses costs relating to issued patents and patent applications, including costs relating to legal, renewal and application fees, as a component of general and administrative expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Income Taxes

The Company uses an asset and liability approach for accounting for deferred income taxes, which requires recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements but have not been reflected in its taxable income. Estimates and judgments are required in the calculation of certain tax liabilities and in the determination of the recoverability of certain deferred income tax assets, which arise from temporary differences and carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled.

The Company regularly assesses the likelihood that its deferred income tax assets will be realized from recoverable income taxes or recovered from future taxable income. To the extent that the Company believes any amounts are not “more likely than not” to be realized, the Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred income tax assets. In the event the Company determines that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. Similarly, if the Company subsequently determines deferred income tax assets that were previously determined to be unrealizable are now realizable, the respective valuation allowance would be reversed, resulting in an adjustment to earnings in the period such determination is made.

Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383 (“Sections 382 and 383”) limit the use of net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards and R&D credits, after an ownership change. To date, the Company has not conducted a Section 382 or 383 study, however, because the Company will continue to raise significant amounts of equity in the coming years, the Company expects that Sections 382 and 383 will limit the Company’s usage of NOLs and R&D credits in the future.

ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences, and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is “more likely than not.” Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the Company’s ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. The Company has reviewed the positive and negative evidence relating to the realizability of the deferred tax assets and has concluded that the deferred tax assets are not “more likely than not” to be realized. As a result, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. U.S. Federal R&D tax credits from 2016 to 2019 were utilized to reduce payroll taxes in future periods and were recorded as other current assets (anticipated to be received within 12 months), on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company intends to maintain the valuation allowance until sufficient evidence exists to support its reversal. The Company regularly reviews its tax positions. For a tax benefit to be recognized, the related tax position must be “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination. Any amount recognized is generally the largest benefit that is “more likely than not” to be realized upon settlement. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as an income tax expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits.

17

MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2023

The Company is subject to U.S. Federal, Illinois and California state income taxes. In addition, the Company is subject to local tax laws of France and Australia. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. Monopar was originally formed as an LLC in December 2014, then incorporated on December 16, 2015. The Company is subject to U.S. Federal, state and local tax examinations by tax authorities for the tax years 2015 through 2021. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to its current uncertain tax positions through March 31, 2024. The Company plans on filing its U.S. Federal and state tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2022, prior to the extended filing deadlines in all jurisdictions.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements with employees, non-employee directors and consultants using a fair value method, which requires the recognition of compensation expense for costs related to all stock-based awards, including stock option and restricted stock unit (“RSU”) grants. The fair value method requires the Company to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model or the closing stock price on the date of grant in the case of RSUs.

Stock-based compensation expense for awards granted to employees, non-employee directors and consultants are based on the fair value of the underlying instrument calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the date of grant for stock options and using the closing stock price on the date of grant for RSUs and recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Determining the appropriate fair value model and related assumptions requires judgment, including estimating the future stock price volatility and expected terms. The expected volatility rates are estimated based on the Company’s historical actual volatility over the two-year period from its initial public offering on December 18, 2019 through December 31, 2021 for stock-based awards granted in 2022. For awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023, the expected volatility rates were estimated based on the Company’s historical actual volatility over the three-year period from its initial public offering on December 18, 2019, through December 31, 2022. The expected term for options granted to date is estimated using the simplified method. Forfeitures only include known forfeitures to-date as the Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur due to a limited history of forfeitures. The Company has not paid dividends and does not anticipate paying a cash dividend in the future vesting period and, accordingly, uses an expected dividend yield of zero. The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities consistent with the estimated expected term of the awards.

Note 3 - Investments

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had two money market accounts and available-for-sale investments with contractual maturities of one year or less as follows:

As of March 31, 2023	Cost Basis		Unrealized Gains		Aggregate Fair Value
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	6,895,576	$	48,684	$	6,944,260
Money Market Accounts		3,479,184		-		3,479,184
Total	$	10,374,760	$	48,684	$	10,423,444

As of March 31, 2023, there were no available-for-sale securities in an unrealized-loss position. U.S. Treasury Bills classified as Investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023 were $6.0 million.

18

MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2023

As of December 31, 2022 the Company had two money market accounts and available-for-sale investments with contractual maturities of one year or less as follows:

As of December 31, 2022	Cost Basis		Unrealized Gains		Aggregate Fair Value
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	6,905,171	$	15,039	$	6,920,210
Money Market Accounts		5,262,286		-		5,262,286
Total	$	12,167,457	$	15,039	$	12,182,496

As of December 31, 2022, there were no available-for-sale securities in an unrealized-loss position and there were no sales of available-for-sale securities made during 2022. U.S. Treasury Bills classified as Investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 were $4.9 million.

See Note 2 for additional discussion regarding the Company’s fair value measurements.

Note 4 - Capital Stock

Holders of the common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. To date no dividends have been declared. Upon dissolution and liquidation of the Company, holders of the common stock are entitled to a ratable share of the net assets of the Company remaining after payments to creditors of the Company. The holders of shares of common stock are entitled to one vote per share for the election of each director nominated to the Board and one vote per share on all other matters submitted to a vote of stockholders.

The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the Company to issue 40,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share.

Sales of Common Stock

On April 20, 2022, the Company entered into a Capital on Demand™ Sales Agreement with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (“JonesTrading”), pursuant to which Monopar may offer and sell, from time to time, through or to JonesTrading, as sales agent or principal, shares of Monopar’s common stock. On April 20, 2022, the Company filed a prospectus supplement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the offer and sale of its common stock from time to time pursuant to the agreement up to an aggregate amount of $4,870,000. In addition, the Company filed a new Form S-3, which included therein a prospectus to increase the aggregate amount under this agreement to $6,505,642. The Form S-3 was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 4, 2023, at which time the prospectus included therein replaced the prior prospectus supplement. Expenses related to these financing activities were recorded as offering costs (a reduction of additional paid in capital) on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity for the period. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company sold 244,392 shares of its common stock at an average gross price per share of $3.46 for net proceeds of $823,855, after fees and commissions of $21,144. In addition, the Company incurred legal, accounting and other fees totaling $16,517 for net proceeds after fees, commissions and expenses of $807,338. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company did not sell any shares of common stock.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had 13,222,056 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

19

MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2023

Note 5 - Stock Incentive Plan

In April 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders representing a majority of the Company’s outstanding stock at that time, approved the Monopar Therapeutics Inc. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the “Plan”), allowing the Company to grant up to an aggregate 700,000 shares of stock-based awards in the form of stock options, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. In October 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to increase the stock award pool to 1,600,000 shares of common stock, which subsequently was approved by the Company’s stockholders. In April 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to increase the stock award pool to 3,100,000 (an increase of 1,500,000 shares of common stock), which was approved by the Company’s stockholders in June 2020. In April 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to approve an amendment to the 2016 Stock Incentive Plan to remove certain individual award limits and other provisions related to I.R.C. Section 162(m) and to update the limit on Incentive Stock Options to no more that 100% of the maximum aggregate number of shares which may be granted under the plan, which was approved by the Company’s stockholders in June 2021. In March 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to increase the stock award pool to 5,100,000 (an increase of 2,000,000 shares of common stock), which was approved by the Company’s stockholders in June 2022.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company’s Plan Administrator Committee (with regards to non-officer employees and consultants) and the Company’s Compensation Committee, as ratified by the Board of Directors (in case of executive officers and non-employee directors), granted to executive officers, non-officer employees, non-employee directors and consultants aggregate stock options for the purchase of 508,902 shares of the Company’s common stock with exercise prices ranging from $2.37 to $3.16 per share which vest over 1 to 4 years. All stock option grants have a 10-year term.

Under the Plan, the per share exercise price for the shares to be issued upon exercise of an option shall be determined by the Plan Administrator, except that the per share exercise price shall be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the grant date. Fair market value is the Company’s closing price on the grant date on Nasdaq. Stock options generally expire after 10 years.

Stock option activity under the Plan was as follows: 

	Options Outstanding
	Number of Shares Subject to Options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Balances at December 31, 2022		1,642,950			4.28
Granted(1)		508,902			3.14
Forfeited(2)		(5,729	)		2.44
Balances at March 31, 2023		2,146,123			4.01
Unvested options outstanding expected to vest(3)		901,308			3.45

(1)	508,902 options vest as follows: options to purchase 443,182 shares of the Company’s common stock vest 6/48ths on the six-month anniversary of grant date and 1/48th per month thereafter; options to purchase 55,720 shares of the Company’s common stock vest quarterly over one year; and options to purchase 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock vest monthly over one year.
(2)	Forfeited options represent unvested shares and vested, unexercised shares related to employee terminations.
(3)	Forfeitures only include known forfeitures to-date as the Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur due to a limited history of forfeitures.

20

MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2023

A summary of options outstanding as of March 31, 2023, is shown below:

Exercise Prices	Number of Shares Subject to Options Outstanding		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years		Number of Shares Subject to Options Fully Vested and Exercisable		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years
$0.001-$5.00		1,397,112		7.73		600,616		5.38
$5.01-$10.00		629,216		6.14		528,988		5.78
$10.01-$15.00		113,670		6.81		109,086		6.80
$15.01-$20.00		6,125		6.84		6,125		6.84
		2,146,123		7.21		1,244,815		5.68

Restricted stock unit activity under the Plan was as follows:

	Restricted Stock Units (#)			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value per Unit ($)
Unvested balance at December 31, 2022		272,650			4.00
Granted		368,345			3.16
Vested		(41,202	)		5.35
Unvested Balance at March 31, 2023		599,793			3.39

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company recognized $244,337 and $204,474 of employee, non-employee director and consultant stock-based compensation expense as general and administrative expenses, respectively, and $231,872 and $295,338 as research and development expenses, respectively. The stock-based compensation expense is allocated on a departmental basis, based on the classification of the stock-based award holder. No income tax benefits have been recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for stock-based compensation arrangements.

The fair value of options granted for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model assuming the following factors: 5.3 to 6.1 years expected term, 90% volatility, 3.5% to 4.0% risk free interest rate and zero dividends. The expected term for options granted to date was estimated using the simplified method.

21

MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2023

Stock option grants and fair values under the Plan were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Stock options granted		508,902		553,064
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share	$	2.38		2.11
Fair value of shares vested	$	223,273		292,328

At March 31, 2023, the aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding vested stock options was approximately $0.5 million (there were no unvested stock options that had intrinsic value) and the weighted-average exercise price in aggregate was $4.01 which includes $4.42 for fully vested stock options and $3.45 for stock options expected to vest. At March 31, 2023, unamortized unvested balance of stock-based compensation was $4.1 million, to be amortized over the following 3.0 years.

Note 6 - Related Party Transactions

As of March 31, 2023, Tactic Pharma, LLC (“Tactic Pharma”), the Company’s initial investor, beneficially owned 32.4% of Monopar’s common stock and during the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no transactions between Tactic Pharma and Monopar.

None of the related parties discussed in this paragraph received compensation other than market-based salary, market-based stock-based compensation and benefits and performance-based incentive bonus or in the case of non-employee directors, market-rate Board fees and market-rate stock-based compensation. The Company considers the following individuals as related parties: Two of the Company’s board members were also Managing Members of Tactic Pharma as of March 31, 2023. Chandler D. Robinson is a Company Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, common stockholder, Managing Member of Tactic Pharma, former Manager of the predecessor LLC, Manager of CDR Pharma, LLC and Board member of Monopar as a C Corporation. Michael Brown is a Managing Member of Tactic Pharma (as of February 1, 2019, with no voting power as it relates to Monopar), a previous managing member of Monopar as an LLC, common stockholder and Board member of Monopar as a C Corporation.

Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies

License, Development and Collaboration Agreements

Onxeo S.A.

In June 2016, the Company executed an option and license agreement with Onxeo S.A. (“Onxeo”), a public French company, which gave Monopar the exclusive option to license (on a world-wide exclusive basis) Validive to pursue treating severe oral mucositis in patients undergoing chemoradiation treatment for head and neck cancers. The pre-negotiated Onxeo license agreement for Validive as part of the option agreement includes clinical, regulatory, developmental and sales milestones and escalating royalties on net sales . On September 8, 2017, the Company exercised the license option, and therefore paid Onxeo the $1 million fee under the option and license agreement.

On March 27, 2023, Monopar announced the discontinuation of its Validive Phase 2b/3 VOICE trial based upon the Data Safety Monitoring Board (“DSMB”) determination that the trial did not meet the pre-defined threshold for efficacy of a 15% absolute difference in severe oral mucositis prevention between Validive and placebo. The Company does not anticipate further development under the Onxeo license agreement or any future license or royalty obligations.

22

MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2023

Grupo Español de Investigación en Sarcomas (“GEIS”)

In June 2019, the Company executed a clinical collaboration agreement with GEIS for the development of camsirubicin in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (“ASTS”). Following completion of the Company’s Phase 1b clinical trial in the U.S. that Monopar initiated in the third quarter of 2021 with the first patient dosed in October 2021, the Company continues to expect that GEIS will sponsor and lead a multi-country, randomized, open-label Phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate camsirubicin head-to-head against doxorubicin, the current first-line treatment for ASTS. The Company will provide study drug and supplemental financial support for the clinical trial. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, no expenses were incurred under the GEIS agreement. The Company can terminate the agreement by providing GEIS with advance notice, and without affecting the Company’s rights and ownership to any related intellectual property or clinical data. In the second quarter of 2021, due to regulatory delays in Spain, Monopar decided to conduct an open-label Phase 1b clinical trial of camsirubicin in the U.S., therefore no expenses were incurred related to the GEIS collaboration beyond March 31, 2021.

XOMA Ltd.

The intellectual property rights contributed by Tactic Pharma to the Company included the non-exclusive license agreement with XOMA Ltd. for the humanization technology used in the development of MNPR-101. Pursuant to such license agreement, the Company is obligated to pay XOMA Ltd. clinical, regulatory and sales milestones for MNPR-101 that could reach up to $14.925 million if the Company achieves all milestones. The agreement does not require the payment of sales royalties. There can be no assurance that the Company will reach any milestones under the XOMA agreement. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had not reached any milestones and has not been required to pay XOMA Ltd. any funds under this license agreement.

Legal Contingencies

The Company may be subject to claims and assessments from time to time in the ordinary course of business. No claims have been asserted to date.

Indemnification

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but that have not yet been made. To date, the Company has not paid any claims nor been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future as a result of future claims against these indemnification obligations. 

In accordance with its second amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and the indemnification agreements entered into with each officer and non-employee director, the Company has indemnification obligations to its officers and non-employee directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while they are serving at the Company’s request in such capacities. There have been no indemnification claims to date.

23

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis are set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business and related financing activities, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.

Overview

We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing proprietary therapeutics designed to extend life or improve quality of life for cancer patients. We are building a drug development pipeline through the licensing and acquisition of therapeutics in late preclinical or in clinical development stages. We leverage our scientific and clinical experience to help reduce the risk of and accelerate the clinical development of our drug product candidates.

Financial Status

Our cash, cash equivalents and investments as of March 31, 2023, was $11.7 million. As discussed further below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, we expect that our current funds will be sufficient for us to obtain topline results from our ongoing open-label Phase 1b camsirubicin clinical trial as planned by the end of 2023 (but as discussed below, this may not be the case if camsirubicin reaches even higher dose levels than we are anticipating and topline results are deferred as dosing continues beyond 2023), advance our MNPR-101 radiopharmaceutical program into its first in human clinical trial and close out our terminated Validive Phase 2b/3 (VOICE) clinical program. We will require additional funding to advance our clinical and preclinical programs and we anticipate that we will seek to raise additional capital within the next 12 months to fund our future operations.

Our primary funding source over the past three years was sales of shares of our common stock under at-the-market sales programs through Capital on Demand^TM Sales Agreements with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (“Jones Trading”). For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we sold 244,392 shares of our common stock at an average gross price per share of $3.46 for net proceeds of $823,855, after fees and commissions of $21,144. In addition, we incurred legal, accounting and other fees totaling $16,517 for net proceeds after fees, commissions and expenses of $807,338. There have been no additional sales from April 1, to April 28, 2023.

Validive Clinical Update

On March 27, 2023, we announced the completion of a pre-specified interim analysis for our Validive Phase 2b/3 VOICE trial for the prevention of severe oral mucositis (“SOM”) in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy (“CRT”) for oropharyngeal cancer (“OPC”). The interim analysis included the first approximately 50% of the total planned patients to be enrolled. It was conducted by an independent Data Safety Monitoring Board (“DSMB”), which informed us that the trial did not meet the pre-defined threshold for efficacy of a 15% absolute difference in SOM prevention between Validive and placebo. The DSMB also reported that there were no safety concerns attributed to Validive. Based on not meeting the pre-specified efficacy threshold, we announced that we will discontinue the study along with the active development of Validive.

Camsirubicin Clinical Update

We are currently enrolling advanced soft tissue sarcoma patients into the fifth dose-level cohort (650 mg/m²) of our Phase 1b camsirubicin clinical trial, which is nearly 2.5x the highest dose evaluated in any prior camsirubicin clinical trial (265mg/m²). The Phase 1b data to date show an improvement in median progression free survival from what was observed in the prior camsirubicin Phase 2 trial (265 mg/m²). This is supportive of our dose-response hypothesis with camsirubicin. Additionally, one of the three patients in the 520 mg/m² dose-level cohort recently went from having what was initially determined to be an unresectable cancer to, after several cycles of camsirubicin treatment and a corresponding 21% reduction in tumor dimensions, being determined to be resectable. This changed the course of treatment for this patient, who recently then underwent surgical resection of the cancer. To date, no drug-related cardiotoxicity has been observed with camsirubicin treatment as evaluated by the industry standard left ventricular ejection fraction (“LVEF”). This compares favorably to the well-documented dose-restricting cardiotoxicity experienced with doxorubicin, the current first-line treatment for ASTS.

24

To date, 75% of camsirubicin patients in this Phase 1b trial have experienced no hair loss. Of the 25% with any hair loss, only 8% experienced >50% hair loss and only 17% experienced low grade hair loss. This compares favorably to the approximately 50% of doxorubicin treated patients in recent ASTS clinical trials reporting some amount of hair loss, with the majority of these patients experiencing >50% hair loss. Only 8% of camsirubicin patients in the Phase 1b trial have experienced low grade, mild oral mucositis. This compares favorably to the roughly 35-40% of doxorubicin treated patients in recent ASTS clinical trials that experienced mild-to-severe oral mucositis.

MNPR-101 for Radiopharmaceutical Use Development Update

 Pursuant to our 50/50 cost-sharing collaboration agreement with NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes, LLC (“NorthStar”) to develop potential radioimmunotherapeutics based on MNPR-101 (“MNPR-101 RITs”), we have coupled MNPR-101 to imaging and therapeutic radioisotopes. The resulting conjugates, MNPR-101-Zr and MNPR-101-PCTA-Ac225, are designed to be highly selective agents that have the potential to image and kill certain cancer cells. By eradicating these cancer cells with a uPAR-targeted RIT (“uPRIT”), the therapeutic goal is to spare healthy cells while quickly killing the cancer cells.

Based on promising preclinical imaging results with MNPR-101-Zr showing high uptake across multiple tumor types, and with preclinical therapeutic efficacy and biodistribution studies utilizing the radioisotopes actinium-225 (“Ac-225”) and lutetium-177 (“Lu-177”), we and NorthStar committed to additional funding with the aim of initiating a first-in-human imaging study with MNPR-101-Zr as early as end of this year. MNPR-101-Zr is a zirconium-89 labeled version of MNPR-101, a highly selective antibody against the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (“uPAR”). Positron emission tomography (“PET”) imaging of preclinical mouse models for triple-negative breast, colorectal, and pancreatic tumors displayed high and selective uptake of MNPR-101-Zr in these uPAR-expressing tumors. Additionally, preclinical triple negative breast cancer mouse model studies with Ac-225 and Lu-177 radiolabeled MNPR-101 showed a promising dose-dependent-anti-cancer-effect and favorable biodistribution profile. These proof-of-concept studies provide support for a first-in-human PET imaging study with MNPR-101-Zr and a future therapeutic study using Ac-225 labeled MNPR-101 RIT. Overall, the imaging and therapeutic results demonstrate the potential utility of MNPR-101 as a precision targeting agent for both imaging and treatment in multiple cancer indications.

MNPR-202 and Related Analogs Updates

In June 2021, we entered into a collaboration agreement with the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore (“CSI Singapore”), one of Asia’s premier cancer research centers, at the National University of Singapore (“NUS”) (consistently ranked as one of the world’s top universities) to evaluate the activity of MNPR-202 and related analogs in multiple types of cancer. MNPR-202 was designed to retain the same potentially non-cardiotoxic backbone as camsirubicin but is modified at other positions which may enable it to work in certain cancers that are resistant to camsirubicin and doxorubicin. In collaboration with Dr. Anand Jeyasekharan of CSI Singapore, we presented an abstract and poster of the preclinical data of MNPR-202 at the American Society of Hematology 64th Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA. The poster presented the following promising data about MNPR-202:

- has a similar cytotoxic potency to doxorubicin

- generates increased DNA damage in the cancer cells compared to doxorubicin

- has a unique immune activation profile versus doxorubicin

- demonstrates increased apoptosis (programmed cell death) compared to doxorubicin

- causes a distinct set of genes to be upregulated and downregulated versus doxorubicin and

- may also be superior to doxorubicin in certain combination treatment regimens.

A combination drug screen with 183 compounds was performed, revealing distinct differences in the synergy profile between doxorubicin versus MNPR-202 when used along with other compounds. For example, MNPR-202 demonstrated a more favorable synergy profile with the experimental anti-cancer agent volasertib compared to doxorubicin.

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Our Product Pipeline

Our Strategy

Our management team has extensive experience in developing therapeutics and medical technologies through global regulatory approval and commercialization. In aggregate, companies they co-founded have achieved four drug approvals and three diagnostic medical imaging device approvals in the U.S. and the EU, successfully sold an asset developed by management which went on to have a positive Phase 3 clinical trial, sold two oncology-focused diagnostic imaging businesses to Fortune Global 1000 firms, and completed the clinical and commercial development and ultimately the sale of a commercial biopharmaceutical company for over $800 million in cash. In addition, the team has supported multiple regulatory submissions with the FDA and the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) and launched multiple drugs in the U.S and the EU. Understanding the preclinical, clinical, regulatory and commercial development processes and hurdles are key factors in successful drug development and the expertise demonstrated by our management team across all of these areas increases the probability of success in advancing the product candidates in our product pipeline. Our strategic goal is to acquire, develop and commercialize promising oncology product candidates that address important unmet medical needs of cancer patients. Five key elements of our strategy to achieve this goal are to:

· Advance the clinical development of camsirubicin, by pursuing indications where doxorubicin has demonstrated efficacy. ASTS will be the first indication, which is anticipated to allow camsirubicin to go head-to-head against doxorubicin, the current first-line treatment. In this indication, camsirubicin previously demonstrated clinical benefit (stable disease or partial response) in 52.6% of patients evaluable for tumor progression in a single-arm Phase 2 study. Clinical benefit was proportional to dose and was consistently observed at higher cumulative doses of camsirubicin (>1000 mg/m²). Camsirubicin was very well tolerated in this Phase 2 study and underscored the ability to potentially administer camsirubicin without restriction as to cumulative dose (doxorubicin is limited due to heart toxicity to 450 mg/m² cumulative dose). Our current ongoing Phase 1b clinical trial continues towards establishing a new, higher recommended dose for the next Phase 2 ASTS clinical trial.

· Continue the development of MNPR-101 for radiopharmaceutical use as a therapeutic, diagnostic and imaging agent. We have prioritized our development of radiopharmaceuticals based on promising data from our imaging and efficacy animal model studies. Based on promising recently generated preclinical imaging and therapeutic results utilizing radiolabeled MNPR-101, we aim to initiate a first-in-human imaging study with MNPR-101-Zr as early as the end of this year.

· Continue the development of MNPR-202 and related analogs in multiple types of cancers. The 2-pyrrilino camsirubicin analog (MNPR-202) and related analogs represent proprietary compositions of matter designed to retain the non-cardiotoxic backbone of camsirubicin yet exhibit novel features in terms of antitumor activity and mechanism that distinguish these analogs from camsirubicin as well as from doxorubicin, potentially addressing camsirubicin- and doxorubicin-resistant cancers.

· Expand our drug development pipeline through advancing current assets, in-licensing, and acquisition of oncology product candidates. We plan to continue the expansion of our drug development pipeline through acquiring or in-licensing additional oncology product candidates, particularly those that leverage existing scientific and clinical data that helps reduce the risks of the next steps in clinical development.

· Utilize the expertise and prior experience of our team in the areas of asset acquisition, drug development and commercialization to establish ourselves as a leading biopharmaceutical company. Our senior executive team has relevant experience in biopharmaceutical in-licensing and acquisitions as well as developing product candidates through approval and commercialization. In aggregate, our team has co-founded BioMarin Pharmaceutical (Nasdaq: BMRN), Sensant Corp (acquired by Siemens), American BioOptics (assets acquired by Olympus), Raptor Pharmaceuticals ($800 million sale to Horizon Therapeutics), Wilson Therapeutics (acquired by Alexion in June 2018 for $764 million; Alexion was subsequently acquired by AstraZeneca) and Tactic Pharma, LLC (“Tactic Pharma”).

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Revenues

We are an emerging growth company. We have no approved drugs and have not generated any revenues. To date, we have engaged in acquiring or in-licensing drug product candidates, entering into collaboration agreements for testing and clinical development of our drug product candidates and providing the infrastructure to support the clinical development of our drug product candidates. We do not anticipate commercial revenues from operations until we complete testing and development of one of our drug product candidates and obtain marketing approval or we sell, enter into a collaborative marketing arrangement, or out-license one of our drug product candidates to another party. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources”.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no relevant recently issued accounting pronouncements that would impact our financial position and our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss or cashflows.

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 2 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we believe the following accounting policies to be critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Clinical Trials Accruals

We accrue and expense the costs for clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon estimates of the percentage of work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with agreements established with contract research organizations, service providers, and clinical trial sites. We estimate the amounts to accrue based upon discussions with internal clinical personnel and external service providers as to progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed upon fees to be paid for such services. Costs of setting up clinical trial sites for participation in the trials are expensed immediately as research and development expenses. Clinical trial site costs related to patient screening and enrollment are accrued as patients are screened/entered into the trial.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation arrangements with employees, non-employee directors and consultants using a fair value method, which requires the recognition of compensation expense for costs related to all stock-based compensation grants, including stock option and restricted stock unit (“RSU”) grants. The fair value method requires us to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model or the closing stock price on the date of grant in the case of RSUs.

Stock-based compensation costs for stock awards granted to our employees, non-employee directors and consultants are based on the fair value of the underlying instruments calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the date of grant for stock options and using the closing stock price on the date of grant for RSUs and recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Determining the appropriate fair value model and related assumptions requires judgment, including selecting methods for estimating our future stock price volatility and expected holding term. The expected volatility rates are estimated based on our actual historical volatility over the two-year period from our initial public offering on December 18, 2019, through December 31, 2021 for stock-based awards granted in 2022. For awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023, the expected volatility rates are estimated based on our actual historical volatility over the three-year period from our initial public offering on December 18, 2019, through December 31, 2022. The expected term for stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, was estimated using the simplified method. Forfeitures only include actual forfeitures to-date as the Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur due to a limited history of forfeitures. We have not paid dividends and do not anticipate paying a cash dividend in future vesting periods and, accordingly, use an expected dividend yield of zero. The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities consistent with the estimated expected term of the awards.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 30, 2023, and 2022

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	(Unaudited)
(in thousands)	2023			2022			Variance
Research and development expenses	$	1,653		$	1,678		$	(25	)
General and administrative expenses		872			779			93
Total operating expenses		2,525			2,457			68
Operating loss		(2,525	)		(2,457	)		(68	)
Interest income		90			-			90
Net loss	$	(2,435	)	$	(2,457	)	$	22

Research and Development (“R&D”) Expenses

R&D expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023, were $1,653,000, compared to $1,678,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This represents a decrease of $25,000 primarily attributed to a decrease of $120,000 in R&D personnel costs, partially offset by an increase of $79,000 in Validive and camsirubicin clinical trial-related and clinical material manufacturing-related expenses.

General and Administrative (“G&A”) Expenses

G&A expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023, were $872,000, compared to $779,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This represents an increase of $93,000 primarily attributed to (1) an increase in G&A salaries and benefits and (2) an increase in accounting and audit fees.

Interest Income

Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2023, increased by $90,000 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, due to interest earned on U.S. Treasury Bills and higher money market interest rates partially offset by a decrease in bank balances.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

We have incurred losses and cumulative negative cash flows from operations since we commenced operations resulting in an accumulated deficit of approximately $54.2 million as of March 31, 2023. We anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. We expect that our R&D and G&A expenses will increase to enable the execution of our strategic plan. As a result, we anticipate that we will seek to raise additional capital within the next 12 months to fund our future operations. We will seek to obtain needed capital through a combination of equity offerings, including the usage of our Capital on Demand^TM Sales Agreement with JonesTrading, debt financings, strategic collaborations and grant funding. To date, we have funded our operations through net proceeds from the initial public offering of our common stock, net proceeds from sales of our common stock through at-the-market sales programs, private placements of our preferred and common stock, and the net receipt of funds related to our acquisition of camsirubicin. We anticipate that the currently available funds as of April 28, 2023, will fund our planned operations at least through June 2024.

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We invest our cash equivalents in two money market accounts and U.S. Treasury Bills.

Cash Flows

The following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	(Unaudited)
(in thousands)	2023			2022			Variance
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(2,271	)	$	(2,467	)	$	196
Net cash used in investing activities		(983	)		-			(983	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		804			(17	)		821
Effect of exchange rates		(11	)		(1	)		(10	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(2,461	)	$	(2,485	)	$	24

In December 2022, the Company began investing its idle cash due to the rising interest rates. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we had net cash outflows of $2,461,000 and $2,485,000, respectively, an outflow decrease of $24,000. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, versus the three months ended March 31, 2022, we had higher net cash used in investing activities and more funds raised from sales of our common stock under an at-the-market sales program.

Cash Flow Used in Operating Activities

The decrease of $196,000 in cash flow used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, was primarily a result of a decrease in the change in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities

The increase to cash flow used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, of approximately $983,000 was a result of our net investment in U.S. Treasury Bills during the three months ended March 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, idle cash was invested in money market accounts and recorded as cash equivalents.

Cash Flow Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities

The increase in cash flow provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, of $821,000 was primarily due to the proceeds from sales of our common stock under an at-the-market sales program during the three months ended March 31, 2023. We did not have any sales of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Future Funding Requirements

To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales. We do not know when, or if, we will generate any revenue from product sales. We do not expect to generate any revenue from product sales or royalties unless and until we obtain regulatory approval of and commercialize any of our current or future drug product candidates or we out-license or sell a drug product candidate to another party. At the same time, we expect our expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing development activities, particularly as we continue the research, development, future preclinical studies and clinical trials of, and seek regulatory approval for, our current and future drug product candidates. If we obtain regulatory approval of any of our current or future drug product candidates, we will need substantial additional funding for commercialization requirements and our continuing drug product development operations.

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As a company, we have not completed development through marketing approvals of any therapeutic products. We expect to continue to incur significant increases in expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:

· advance the clinical development and execute the regulatory strategy for camsirubicin;

· continue the preclinical activities and potentially enter clinical development of MNPR-101-derived radioimmunotherapeutics and companion diagnostics, to image and treat cancer;

· continue the preclinical activities, and potentially later-on enter clinical development, of MNPR-202 (and related analogs) for various cancer indications;

· acquire and/or license additional pipeline drug product candidates and pursue the future preclinical and clinical development and regulatory requirements of such drug product candidates;

· seek regulatory approvals for any of our current and future drug product candidates that successfully complete registration clinical trials;

· establish or purchase the services of a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize any products for which we obtain marketing approval;

· develop or contract for manufacturing/quality capabilities or establish a reliable, high quality supply chain sufficient to support our clinical requirements and to provide sufficient capacity to launch and supply the market for any product for which we obtain marketing approval; and

· add or contract for required operational, financial, human resources and management information systems and capabilities and other specialized expert personnel to support our drug product candidate development and planned commercialization efforts.

We anticipate that the funds available as of April 28, 2023, will fund our obligations at least through June 2024. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our drug product candidates, and the extent to which we enter into collaborations with third parties to participate in the development and commercialization of our drug product candidates, we are unable to accurately estimate with high reliability the amounts and timing required for increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated drug product candidate development programs.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

· the progress of clinical development and regulatory interactions and potential approvals of camsirubicin;

· the costs, timing and outcomes of seeking, obtaining, and maintaining FDA and international regulatory approvals;

· the progress of preclinical and potential clinical development of MNPR-101-derived radioimmunotherapeutics and companion diagnostics, to image and treat cancer, including activities through our collaboration with NorthStar;

· the progress of preclinical and potential clinical development of MNPR-202 (and related analogs);

· the number and characteristics of other drug product candidates that we may license, acquire, invent or otherwise pursue;

· the scope, progress, timing, cost and results of research, preclinical development and clinical trials and regulatory requirements for future drug product candidates;

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· the costs associated with establishing or contracting for manufacturing/quality requirements and establishing or contracting for sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

· our ability and related costs to maintain, expand and defend the scope of our intellectual property portfolio, including the amount and timing of any payments we may be required to make in connection with the licensing, filing, defense and enforcement of any patents or other intellectual property rights;

· our need and ability to hire or contract for additional management, administrative, scientific, medical, sales and marketing, and manufacturing/quality and other specialized personnel or external expertise;

· the effect and timing of entry of competing products or new therapies that may limit market penetration or prevent the introduction of our drug product candidates or reduce the commercial potential of our product portfolio;

· our need to implement additional required internal management, operational, record keeping, and other systems and infrastructure; and

· the economic and other terms, timing and success of our existing collaboration and licensing arrangements and any collaboration, licensing or other arrangements into which we may enter into in the future, including the timing of receipt of or payment to or from others of any license, milestone or royalty payments under these arrangements.

Expenditures may increase in the future for:

· process development, manufacturing costs, clinical trial expenses and clinical database management of camsirubicin in connection with the Phase 1b dose escalation clinical trial and other future clinical development;

· support of the development of MNPR-101-derived radioimmunotherapeutics and companion diagnostics to image and treat cancer, including activities through our collaboration with NorthStar;

· preclinical studies (and if successful, clinical studies) of MNPR-202 (and related analogs);

· increased employee compensation and consultant fees to support the increased scope of activities required for the progress of our product candidate programs including camsirubicin, MNPR-101 RIT (uPRIT and related compounds) and companion diagnostics and MNPR-202 (and related analogs); and

· increased sales, marketing, distribution, quality, medical, pharmacovigilance, regulatory and compliance employees and/or consultants to support any of our programs if approved for marketing in any major market.

Due to the termination of our Validive development, we do not anticipate significant additional expenditures for this program beyond the second quarter of 2023. We have initiated and commenced dosing in our Phase 1b camsirubicin clinical trial. We intend to continue evaluating drug product candidates for the purpose of growing our pipeline. Identifying and securing high-quality compounds usually takes time and related expenses; however, our spending could be significantly accelerated in the future if additional drug product candidates are acquired and enter clinical development. In this event, we may be required to expand our management team, and pay higher contract manufacturing costs, contract research organization fees, other clinical development costs and insurance costs that are not currently projected. Beyond our need to raise additional funding within the next 12 months, additional long-term funding is needed to further develop camsirubicin, our MNPR-101 RIT and companion diagnostic program and our MNPR-202 program, if successful, and otherwise generally to support our future product candidates through clinical trials, approval processes and, if applicable, commercialization.

Until we can generate a sufficient amount of product revenue to finance our cash requirements, we expect to finance our future cash needs primarily through a combination of equity offerings, including the usage of our Capital on Demand^TM Sales Agreement with JonesTrading, debt financings, strategic collaborations and grant funding. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our current stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect our current stockholders’ rights. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through marketing and distribution arrangements or other collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with other parties, we likely will have to share or relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or drug product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us, which will reduce our future returns and affect our future operating flexibility. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our pipeline product development or commercialization efforts or grant rights to others to develop and market drug product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

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The termination of our Validive clinical trial due to the no-go decision at the end of March 2023 resulted in a decrease in our stock price. If our stock price does not increase in the next several months, it may have serious adverse consequences on our ability to raise funds, which may cause us to delay, restructure or otherwise reconsider our operations.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

License, Development and Collaboration Agreements

Onxeo S.A.

In June 2016, we executed an agreement with Onxeo S.A., a French public company, which gave us the exclusive option to license (on a world-wide exclusive basis) Validive (clonidine hydrochloride mucobuccal tablet; clonidine HCI MBT) a mucoadhesive tablet of clonidine based on the Lauriad mucoadhesive technology. The agreement includes clinical, regulatory, developmental and sales milestones and escalating royalties on net sales. In September 2017, we exercised the option to license Validive from Onxeo for $1 million, but as of April 28, 2023, we have not been required to pay Onxeo any other funds under the agreement.

On March 27, 2023, we announced the discontinuation of our Validive Phase 2b/3 VOICE trial based upon the DSMB determination that the trial did not meet the pre-defined threshold for efficacy of a 15% absolute difference in SOM prevention between Validive and placebo. We do not anticipate further development under the Onxeo license agreement or any future license or royalty obligations.

Grupo Español de Investigación en Sarcomas (“GEIS”)

In June 2019, we executed a clinical collaboration with GEIS for the development of camsirubicin in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (“ASTS”). Following completion of our Phase 1b clinical trial in the U.S. that we initiated in the third quarter of 2021 with the first patient dosed in October 2021, we continue to expect that GEIS will sponsor and lead a multi-country, randomized, open-label Phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate camsirubicin head-to-head against doxorubicin, the current first-line treatment for ASTS. We will provide study drug and supplemental financial support for the clinical trial. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, no expenses were incurred under the GEIS agreement. We can terminate the agreement by providing GEIS with advance notice, and without affecting our rights and ownership to any related intellectual property or clinical data. In the second quarter of 2021, due to regulatory delays in Spain, we decided to conduct an open-label Phase 1b clinical trial of camsirubicin in the U.S., therefore no expenses were incurred related to the GEIS collaboration beyond March 31, 2021.

XOMA Ltd.

Pursuant to a non-exclusive license agreement with XOMA Ltd. for the humanization technology used in the development of MNPR-101, we are obligated to pay XOMA Ltd. clinical, regulatory and sales milestones which could reach up to $14.925 million if we achieve all milestones for MNPR-101. The agreement does not require the payment of sales royalties. There can be no assurance that we will achieve any milestones. As of April 28, 2023, we had not reached any milestones and had not been required to pay XOMA Ltd. any funds under this license agreement.

Service Providers

In the normal course of business, we contract with service providers to assist in the performance of R&D, including drug product manufacturing, process development, clinical and preclinical development, and G&A including financial strategy, audit, tax and legal support. We can elect to discontinue the work under these agreements at any time. We could also enter into collaborative research and development, contract research, manufacturing and supplier agreements in the future, which may require upfront payments and/or long-term commitments of cash.

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Office Lease

We are currently leasing office space for our executive headquarters at 1000 Skokie Blvd., in the Village of Wilmette, Illinois for $4,238 per month through February 2024, and we anticipate that we will lease additional space in the future as we hire additional personnel.

Legal Contingencies

We are currently not, and to date have never been, a party to any adverse material legal proceedings.

Indemnification

In the normal course of business, we enter into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification. Our exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against us in the future, but that have not yet been made. To date, we have not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to our indemnification obligations. However, we may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations.

In accordance with our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Bylaws and the indemnification agreements entered into with each officer and non-employee director, we have indemnification obligations to our officers and non-employee directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while they are serving at our request in such capacity. There have been no claims to date.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have provided certifications filed as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2, respectively, and Exhibit 32.1. Such certifications should be read in conjunction with the information contained in this Item 4 for a more complete understanding of the matters covered by those certifications.

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023, pursuant to Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of such date, were effective.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements and other financial information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly present in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and comprehensive loss and cash flows as of, and for, the periods presented.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Other than the additional risk factors below, there have been no material changes in information regarding our risk factors as described in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on March 23, 2023.

The interim analysis for our ongoing Validive Phase 2b/3 clinical program yielded a no-go decision resulting in a reduction of our stock price. If our stock price does not increase in the next several months our business could be adversely impacted.

The termination of our Validive clinical trial due to the no-go decision at the end of March 2023 resulted in a decrease in our stock price. If our stock price does not increase in the next several months, it may have serious adverse consequences on our ability to raise funds, which may cause us to delay, restructure or otherwise reconsider our operations.

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Exhibit	Document	Incorporated by Reference From:
10.1	Consulting Agreement of pRx Consulting (Patrice Rioux) – effective January 1, 2023	Filed herewith
31.1	Certification of Chandler D. Robinson, Chief Executive Officer	Filed herewith
31.2	Certification of Kim R. Tsuchimoto, Chief Financial Officer	Filed herewith
32.1	Certification of Chandler D. Robinson, Chief Executive Officer and Kim R. Tsuchimoto, Chief Financial Officer	Filed herewith
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
Dated: May 11, 2023	By:	/s/ Chandler D. Robinson
	Name:	Chandler D. Robinson
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

	MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
Dated: May 11, 2023	By:	/s/ Kim R. Tsuchimoto
	Name:	Kim R. Tsuchimoto
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Financial Officer)

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EX-10.1

EXHIBIT 10.1

CONSULTING AGREEMENT

This Consulting Agreement (herein referred to as “Agreement”) is made and entered into on December 16, 2022, effective as of January 1, 2023 (the “Effective Date”), by and between Monopar Therapeutics Inc. (herein referred to as “Monopar”), a Delaware corporation, located at 1000 Skokie Blvd., Suite 350, Wilmette, IL 60091, and pRx Consulting, LLC (herein referred to as pRx), a Delaware corporation located at # (each herein referred to as “Party” and collectively as “Parties”).

RECITALS

WHEREAS, pRx specializes in the field of clinical development, including but not limited to clinical trial design, statistical modeling, clinical operations, regulatory strategy, investor due diligence, and the duties of a Chief Medical Officer.

WHEREAS, Monopar desires to contract with pRx to provide certain consultation services as requested by Monopar, and pRx wishes to provide such services to Monopar, upon the terms and conditions set forth below.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants contained herein, the Parties agree as follows:

1.	Consulting Arrangement. pRx agrees to perform consulting services as described herein upon the terms and conditions herein set forth.
2.	Term of Agreement. Subject to the provision for early termination set forth below and in Section 5 of this Agreement, this Agreement shall commence as of the Effective Date and shall continue for a period of twelve (12) months from the Effective Date (the “Term”). Either Party may terminate this Agreement without cause with 10-days’ prior written notice.
3.	Duties of pRx.

3.1

Specific Duties. pRx shall provide consulting services to Monopar, such duties to include the general duties of a Chief Medical Officer, clinical trial design, statistical modeling, clinical operations oversight, regulatory strategy, and investor due diligence, and Dr. Rioux shall remain director of Monopar’s French subsidiary with such other specific requirements as Monopar may specify from time to time during the Term (herein referred to as the “Services”).

3.2

pRx’s Obligations. The president of pRx, Dr. Patrice Rioux, shall spend on the average over the course of the Term one (1.0) work day per week working on Monopar matters, be diligent in the performance of Services, and be professional in its commitment to meeting its obligations hereunder. pRx represents and warrants that pRx is not party to any other existing agreement, which any of them would prevent pRx from entering into this Agreement or which would adversely affect this Agreement. pRx shall not perform Services for any other individuals or entities in direct competition with Monopar, except as provided for by mutual written agreement of the Parties. pRx shall not perform services for any party which would require or facilitate the unauthorized disclosure of any confidential or proprietary information of Monopar.

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3.3	Reporting. pRx will report to and liaise with Chandler Robinson, MD, and/or any other assigned Monopar employee or consultant as may be designated in writing by Monopar.
3.4	Compensation. Monopar shall pay pRx as follows:

	a. Two thousand dollars ($2,000) per month payable within thirty (30) days of the end of each month. b. Upon Board approval, Dr. P. Rioux, president of pRx Consulting, LLC shall be granted stock options to purchase up to 10,000 shares of Monopar’s common stock. The exercise price shall be based upon the closing price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq the later of: (1) the day of Board approval; or (2) the effective date of this Agreement. Such stock option shall vest pro-rata monthly over 12 months from the effective date of this Agreement, which is January 1, 2023. Such vesting shall terminate upon the termination of this Agreement. The number of shares, the exercise price thereof and the rights granted under this Agreement are subject to adjustment and modification as provided in the Monopar Therapeutics Inc. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan. c. pRx shall not be reimbursed, and is responsible for the facilities and equipment necessary to perform Services required under this Agreement.
4.	Reimbursement of Other Expenses. So long as Monopar’s prior approval has been obtained, Monopar shall promptly reimburse pRx for all direct expenses incurred in providing the Services to Monopar pursuant to this Agreement, including travel, meals and lodging. The invoice submitted by pRx pursuant to this Section 4 shall also include a detail of all reimbursable expenses incurred during the period covered by such invoice.
5.	Termination of Agreement - Failure to perform. In the event that pRx ceases to perform the Services or breaches its obligations as required hereunder for any reason, Monopar shall have the right to immediately terminate this Agreement upon notice to pRx and to enforce such other rights and remedies as it may have as a result of said breach.
6.	Certain Liabilities. It is understood and agreed that pRx shall be acting as an independent contractor and not as an agent or employee of, or partner, joint venturer or in any other relationship with Monopar. pRx will be solely responsible for all insurance, employment taxes, FICA taxes and all obligations to governments or other organizations for it and its employees arising out of this consulting assignment. pRx acknowledges that no income, social security or other taxes shall be withheld or accrued by Monopar for pRx’s or its employees’ benefit. pRx assumes all risks and hazards encountered in the performance of duties by it or its employees under this Agreement. Unless Monopar has provided prior written approval, pRx shall not use any sub-contractors to perform pRx’s obligations hereunder. pRx shall be solely responsible for any and all injuries, including death, to all persons and any and all loss or damage to property, which may result from performance under this Agreement.

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7.	Indemnities. pRx hereby agrees to indemnify Monopar and hold Monopar harmless from and against all claims (whether asserted by a person, firm, entity or governmental unit or otherwise), liabilities, losses, damages, expenses, charges and fees which Monopar may sustain or incur arising out of or attributable to any breach, gross negligence or willful misconduct by pRx or its employees or contractors, as applicable, in the performance under this Agreement. Monopar hereby agrees to indemnify pRx and hold pRx harmless from and against all liabilities, losses, damages, expenses, charges and fees which pRx may sustain or incur by reason of any claim which may be asserted against pRx by any person, firm, corporation or governmental unit and which may arise out of or be attributable to any gross negligence or willful misconduct by Monopar or its employees or contractors, as applicable, in the performance of this Agreement.
8.	Warranties. The Services shall be performed in a professional manner, consistent with industry standards. In performing the Services, neither pRx nor any of its employees shall make any unauthorized use of any confidential or proprietary information of any other party or infringe the intellectual property rights of any other party.
9.	Arbitration. Any controversy or claim between Monopar and pRx arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the breach thereof, shall be submitted to arbitration in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association. The site of the arbitration shall be Chicago, IL, and except as provided herein the arbitration shall be conducted in accordance with the Rules of the American Arbitration Association prevailing at the time the demand for arbitration is made hereunder. At least one member of the arbitration panel shall be an expert knowledgeable in the area of biopharmaceutical clinical development. Judgment upon any award rendered by the arbitrator(s) may be entered in any court of competent jurisdiction and shall be binding and final. The cost of arbitration shall be borne by the losing Party, as determined by the arbitrator(s).
10.	Confidential Information. pRx has executed a confidential disclosure agreement with Monopar on September 29, 2021. pRx hereby represents and warrants that the obligations thereunder shall be binding upon it and its employees, and that it shall obtain written commitments from such employees thereto.
11.	Inventions. pRx agrees that all ideas, developments, suggestions and inventions which an employee or other parties contracted conceive or reduce to practice arising out of or during the course of performance under this Agreement shall be the exclusive property of Monopar and shall be promptly communicated and assigned to Monopar. pRx shall require any employees of or other parties contracted by pRx to disclose the same to pRx and to be bound by the provisions of this paragraph. During the period of this Agreement and thereafter at any reasonable time when called upon to do so by Monopar, pRx shall require any employees of or other parties contracted by pRx to execute patent applications, assignments to Monopar (or any designee of Monopar) and other papers and to perform acts which Monopar believes necessary to secure to Monopar full protection and ownership of the rights in and to the services performed by pRx and/or for the preparation, filing and prosecution of applications for patents or inventions made by any employees of or other parties contracted by pRx hereunder. The decision to file patent applications on inventions made by any employees of or other parties contracted by pRx shall be made by Monopar and shall be for such countries as Monopar shall elect. Monopar agrees to bear all the expense in connection with the preparation, filing and prosecution of applications for patents and for all matters provided in this paragraph requiring the time and/or assistance of pRx as to such inventions.

 

12.	Miscellaneous.
	12.1	Notice. Any notices to be given hereunder by either Party to the other may be effectuated, in writing, by personal delivery or by mail, registered or certified, postage prepaid, with return receipt requested, or by electronic mail. Mailed notices shall be addressed to the Parties at the following addresses:

If to Monopar:	Monopar Therapeutics Inc. 1000 Skokie Blvd., Suite 350 Wilmette, IL 60091 Attention: Chandler Robinson, MD MBA MSc Email: #
If to pRx:	pRx Consulting, LLC # Attention: Patrice Rioux, MD, PhD Email: #

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	or at such other addresses as either Monopar or pRx may designate by written notice to each other. Notices delivered personally shall be deemed duly given on the date of actual receipt; mailed notices shall be deemed duly given as of the fourth day after the date so mailed. If sent by electronic mail, such notice will be deemed given upon confirmation of receipt by recipient.
12.2	Waiver of Breach. The waiver by either Party to a breach of any provision in this Agreement cannot operate or be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach by either Party.
12.3	Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable, that provision shall be deemed modified to the extent necessary to make it valid or enforceable, or if it cannot be so modified, then severed, and the remainder of the Agreement shall continue in full force and effect as if the Agreement had been signed with the invalid portion so modified or severed.
12.4	Choice of Law. This Agreement has been made and entered into in the State of Illinois, and the laws of such state, excluding its choice of law rules, shall govern the validity and interpretation of this Agreement and the performance due hereunder. The losing party in any dispute hereunder shall pay the attorneys’ fees and disbursements of the prevailing party.
12.5	Integration. The drafting, execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Parties have been induced by no representations, statements, warranties or agreements other than those expressed herein. This Agreement embodies the entire understanding of the Parties, and there are no further or other agreements or understandings, written or oral, in effect between the Parties relating to the subject matter hereof unless expressly referred to herein.
12.6	Modification. This Agreement may not be modified unless such is in writing and signed by both Parties to this Agreement.
12.7	Assignment. pRx shall not be permitted to assign this Agreement to any other person or entity without the prior written consent of Monopar. pRx hereby agrees that Monopar shall be permitted to assign this Agreement to any affiliate of Monopar. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the successors and permitted assigns of the parties.
12.8	Survival. The provisions of Sections 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 shall survive expiration or termination of this Agreement for any reason. Expiration or termination of this Agreement shall not affect Monopar’s obligations to pay any amounts that may then be due to pRx.

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IN WI1NESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

ACCEPTED AND AGREED TO:
PRx Consulting, LLC		Monopar Therapeutics Inc.
	/s/ Patrice P. Rioux		/s/ Chandler Robinson
By:	Patrice P. Rioux	By:	Chandler Robinson
Its:	President	Its:	Chief Executive Officer

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EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Chandler D. Robinson, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Monopar Therapeutics Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
	(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
	(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 11, 2023

/s/ Chandler D. Robinson

Chandler D. Robinson

Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Kim R. Tsuchimoto, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Monopar Therapeutics Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
	(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
	(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 11, 2023

/s/ Kim R. Tsuchimoto

Kim R. Tsuchimoto

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Monopar Therapeutics Inc. (the Company) for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), we, Chandler D. Robinson, and Kim R. Tsuchimoto, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)	the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)	the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Chandler D. Robinson

Chandler D. Robinson

Chief Executive Officer

May 11, 2023

/s/ Kim R. Tsuchimoto

Kim R. Tsuchimoto

Chief Financial Officer

May 11, 2023

This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Monopar Therapeutics Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

XML

Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Apr. 28, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001645469
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Entity Ex Transition Period	true
Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding		13,222,056
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-39070
Entity Incorporation State Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	32-0463781
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Address Address Line 1	1000 Skokie Blvd.
Entity Address Address Line 2	Suite 350
Entity Address City Or Town	Wilmette
Entity Address State Or Province	IL
Entity Address Postal Zip Code	60091
City Area Code	847
Local Phone Number	388-0349
Security 12b Title	Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Trading Symbol	MNPR
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 5,725,593	$ 8,186,194
Investments	5,950,638	4,933,550
Other current assets	106,819	45,982
Total current assets	11,783,050	13,165,726
Operating lease right-of-use asset	49,376	61,228
Total assets	11,832,426	13,226,954
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	2,887,765	3,128,894
Total current liabilities	2,887,765	3,128,894
Non-current operating lease liability	0	8,408
Total liabilities	2,887,765	3,137,302
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, par value of $0.001 per share, 40,000,000 shares authorized, 13,222,056 and 12,946,573 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively	13,222	12,947
Additional paid-in capital	63,138,229	61,871,784
Accumulated other comprehensive income	31,787	8,942
Accumulated deficit	(54,238,577)	(51,804,021)
Total stockholders' equity	8,944,661	10,089,652
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 11,832,426	$ 13,226,954

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Common Stock, Par Value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common Stock, Authorized	40,000,000	40,000,000
Common Stock, Issued	13,222,056	12,946,573
Common Stock, Outstanding	13,222,056	12,946,573

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$ 1,653,369	$ 1,677,932
General and administrative	871,675	779,254
Total operating expenses	2,525,044	2,457,186
Loss from operations	(2,525,044)	(2,457,186)
Interest income	90,488	464
Net loss	(2,434,556)	(2,456,722)
Other comprehensive income
Foreign currency translation loss	(10,800)	(584)
Unrealized gain on investments	33,645	0
Comprehensive loss	$ (2,411,711)	$ (2,457,306)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$ (0.19)	$ (0.19)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted	13,105,831	12,604,443

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2021		12,598,125
Balance, amount at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 18,941,071	$ 12,598	$ 60,220,016	$ (3,160)	$ (41,288,383)
Issuance of common stock to non-employee directors pursuant to vested restricted stock units, shares		11,436
Issuance of common stock to non-employee directors pursuant to vested restricted stock units, amount	0	$ 12	(12)	0	0
Issuance of common stock to employees pursuant to vested restricted stock units, net of taxes, shares		11,031
Issuance of common stock to employees pursuant to vested restricted stock units, net of taxes, amount	(16,666)	$ 11	(16,677)	0	0
Stock-based compensation (non-cash)	499,812	0	499,812	0	0
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	(2,456,722)	0	0	0	(2,456,722)
Other comprehensive loss	(584)	$ 0	0	(584)	0
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2022		12,620,592
Balance, amount at Mar. 31, 2022	16,966,911	$ 12,621	60,703,139	(3,744)	(43,745,105)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2022		12,946,573
Balance, amount at Dec. 31, 2022	10,089,652	$ 12,947	61,871,784	8,942	(51,804,021)
Issuance of common stock to non-employee directors pursuant to vested restricted stock units, shares		10,132
Issuance of common stock to non-employee directors pursuant to vested restricted stock units, amount	0	$ 10	(10)	0	0
Issuance of common stock to employees pursuant to vested restricted stock units, net of taxes, shares		20,959
Issuance of common stock to employees pursuant to vested restricted stock units, net of taxes, amount	(16,827)	$ 21	(16,848)	0	0
Stock-based compensation (non-cash)	476,209	0	476,209	0	0
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	(2,434,556)	$ 0	0	0	(2,434,556)
Issuance of common stock under a Capital on DemandTM Sales Agreement with JonesTrading Institutional Services, LLC, net of commissions, fees and offering costs of $37,661, shares		244,392
Issuance of common stock under a Capital on DemandTM Sales Agreement with JonesTrading Institutional Services, LLC, net of commissions, fees and offering costs of $37,661, amount	807,338	$ 244	807,094	0	0
Other comprehensive income, net	22,845	$ 0	0	22,845	0
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2023		13,222,056
Balance, amount at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 8,944,661	$ 13,222	$ 63,138,229	$ 31,787	$ (54,238,577)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (2,434,556)	$ (2,456,722)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense (non-cash)	476,209	499,812
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net
Other current assets	(60,842)	24,110
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(251,924)	(532,321)
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, net	0	(2,379)
Net cash used in operating activities	(2,271,113)	(2,467,500)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of investments	(2,958,776)	0
Maturities of short-term investments	1,975,333	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(983,443)	0
Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash proceeds from the sales of common stock under a Capital on DemandTM Sales Agreement	821,625	0
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of vested restricted stock units	(16,827)	(16,666)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	804,798	(16,666)
Effect of exchange rates	(10,843)	(659)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(2,460,601)	(2,484,825)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	8,186,194	20,303,869
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 5,725,593	$ 17,819,044

XML

Nature of Business and Liquidity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Nature of Business and Liquidity

Nature Of Business And Liquidity

Note 1 – Nature of Business and Liquidity

Nature of Business

Monopar Therapeutics Inc. (“Monopar” or the ”Company”) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing proprietary therapeutics designed to extend life or improve quality of life for cancer patients. Monopar currently has three compounds in development: 1) camsirubicin (generic name for MNPR-201, GPX-150; 5-imino-13-deoxydoxorubicin), a Phase 1b clinical stage novel analog of doxorubicin engineered specifically to retain anticancer activity while minimizing toxic effects on the heart; 2) MNPR-101 RIT and MNPR-101-Zr, a preclinical stage uPAR-targeted antibody being developed as a radioimmunotherapeutic and companion diagnostic for advanced cancers; and 3) an early stage camsirubicin analog, MNPR-202, for various cancers. On March 27, 2023, the Company discontinued its Validive Phase 2b/3 VOICE trial based upon its Data Safety Monitoring Board’s determination that the trial did not meet the pre-defined threshold for efficacy of a 15% absolute difference in severe oral mucositis prevention between Validive and placebo. Other than clinical site close-out related expense to be incurred in Q2 2023, the Company will not incur any license or royalty obligations or incur any significant expenses beyond Q2 2023 related to Validive.

Liquidity

The Company has incurred an accumulated deficit of approximately $54.2 million as of March 31, 2023. To date, the Company has primarily funded its operations with the net proceeds from the Company’s initial public offering of its common stock on Nasdaq, sales of its common stock in the public market through at-the-market sales agreements, private placements of convertible preferred stock and of common stock and cash provided in the camsirubicin asset purchase transaction. Management estimates that currently available cash will provide sufficient funds to enable the Company to meet its obligations at least through June 2024. The Company’s ability to fund its future operations, including the continued clinical development of camsirubicin and continued development of its radiopharmaceutical program, is dependent upon its ability to execute its business strategy, to obtain additional funding and/or to execute collaborative research agreements. There can be no certainty that future financing or collaborative research agreements will occur in the amounts required or at a time needed to maintain operations, if at all.

Market variables over which the Company has no control, such as inflation of product costs, higher capital costs, labor rates and fuel, freight and energy costs, as well as geopolitical events could cause the Company to suffer significant increases in its operating and administrative expenses.

The Russia-Ukraine war, and resulting sanctions against Russia and Russian entities or allies, have increased fuel costs and may cause shipping delays. The broader economic, trade and financial market consequences are uncertain at this time, which may increase the cost of supplies for the Company’s clinical materials, may delay the manufacture of its clinical materials, may increase costs of other goods and services, or make it more difficult or costly to raise additional financing, any of which could cause an adverse effect on the Company’s clinical and development program and on the Company’s financial condition.

The coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) continues to affect economies and business around the world. Due to many uncertainties, the Company is unable to estimate COVID-19’s financial impact or duration in light of global vaccine rollouts, treatment options and potential surges of new cases from current or future COVID-19 variants or its potential impact on the Company’s current clinical trial and development programs, including COVID-19’s effect on drug candidate manufacturing, shipping, patient recruitment at clinical sites and regulatory agencies around the globe. 

XML

Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial results of Monopar Therapeutics Inc., its wholly-owned French subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics, SARL, and its wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics Australia Pty Ltd, and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) and include all disclosures required by GAAP for financial reporting. All intercompany accounts have been eliminated. The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements are set out below and have been consistently applied in all periods presented. The Company has been primarily involved in performing research activities, developing product candidates, and raising capital to support and expand these activities.

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal, recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2023, and the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, and the Company’s condensed consolidated cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022.

The interim condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss and condensed consolidated cash flows for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the condensed consolidated results of operations or cash flows which may be reported for the remainder of 2023 or for any future period. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 23, 2023.

Functional Currency

The Company’s consolidated functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. The Company’s Australian subsidiary and French subsidiary use the Australian Dollar and European Euro, respectively, as their functional currency. At each quarter-end, each foreign subsidiary’s balance sheets are translated into U.S. Dollars based upon the quarter-end exchange rate, while their statements of operations and comprehensive loss and statements of cash flows are translated into U.S. Dollars based upon an average exchange rate during the period.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss represents net loss plus any income or losses not reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, such as foreign currency translations gains and losses and unrealized gains and losses on debt security investments that are reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Going Concern Assessment

The Company applies Accounting Standards Codification 205-40 (“ASC 205-40”), Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued to provide guidance on determining when and how reporting companies must disclose going concern uncertainties in their financial statements. ASC 205-40 requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity’s financial statements (or within one year after the date on which the financial statements are available to be issued, when applicable). Further, a company must provide certain disclosures if there is “substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.” In April 2023, the Company analyzed its cash requirements at least through June 2024 and has determined that, based upon the Company’s current available cash, the Company has no substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of 90 days or less on the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of March 31, 2023, and December 31 2022, consisted of two money market accounts and U.S. Treasury Bills.

Investments

The Company considers all of its investments in debt securities (U.S. Government or Agencies), with maturities at the date of purchase from three months to one year to be available-for-sale securities. These investments are recorded at fair value with the unrealized gains and losses reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Realized gains and losses from the sale of investments, if any are determined, are recorded net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The investments selected by the Company have a low level of inherent credit risk given they are issued by the U.S. government and any changes in their fair value are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and market liquidity. Investments as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, consisted of U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities of 91 days to one year.

Prepaid Expenses

Prepayments are expenditures for goods or services before the goods are used or the services are received and are charged to operations as the benefits are realized. Prepaid expenses may include payments to development collaborators in excess of actual expenses incurred by the collaborator measured at the end of each reporting period. Prepayments also include insurance premiums, dues and subscriptions and software costs of $10,000 or more per year that are expensed monthly over the life of the contract, which is typically one year. Prepaid expenses are reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as other current assets.

Leases

Lease agreements are evaluated to determine whether an arrangement is or contains a lease in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. Right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The right-of-use lease asset on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The incremental borrowing taking into consideration the Company’s credit quality and borrowing rate for similar assets is used in determining the present value of future payments. Lease expense is recorded as general and administrative expenses on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. ASC 842 was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2019.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents at two reputable financial institutions. As of March 31, 2023, the balance at one financial institution was in excess of the $250,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurable limit. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits since inception and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks with respect to these financial institutions.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

For financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, investments, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities, the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of fair value due to their relatively short maturities.

The Company adopted ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, as amended, which addresses the measurement of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities. Under this standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The standard establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing an asset or liability developed based on the best information available under the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

Level 1 - instrument valuations are obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets.

Level 2 - instrument valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for comparable instruments.

Level 3 - instrument valuations are obtained without observable market values and require a high-level of judgment to determine the fair value.

Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each reporting period. There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022. The following table presents the assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis. No values were recorded in Level 2 or Level 3 at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

March 31, 2023	Level 1		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents(1)	$	4,472,806	$	4,472,806
Investments(2)		5,950,638		5,950,638
Total	$	10,423,444	$	10,423,444

December 31 2022	Level 1		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents(1)	$	7,248,946	$	7,248,946
Investments(2)		4,933,550		4,933,550
Total	$	12,182,496	$	12,182,496

(1)	Cash equivalents as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, represent the fair value of the Company’s investment in two money market accounts and U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities at the date of purchase of less than 90 days.
(2)	Investments represents the fair value of the Company’s investment in U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities at the date of purchase from 91 days to one year.

Net Loss per Share

Net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the periods. Diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of the sum of a) weighted average common stock outstanding (13,105,831 and 12,604,443 shares for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively) and b) potentially dilutive shares of common stock (such as stock options and restricted stock units) outstanding during the period. As of March 31, 2023, and 2022, potentially dilutive securities included stock-based awards to purchase up to 2,745,916 and 2,548,155 shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of fully diluted net loss per share as their effect is anti-dilutive.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Major components of R&D expenses include salaries and benefits paid to the Company’s R&D staff, compensation expenses of G&A personnel performing R&D, fees paid to consultants and to the entities that conduct certain R&D activities on the Company’s behalf and materials and supplies which were used in R&D activities during the reporting period.

Clinical Trials Accruals

The Company accrues and expenses the costs for clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon estimates of the percentage of work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with agreements established with contract research organizations, service providers, and clinical trial sites. The Company estimates the amounts to accrue based upon discussions with internal clinical personnel and external service providers as to progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed upon fees to be paid for such services. Costs of setting up clinical trial sites for participation in the trials are expensed immediately as R&D expenses. Clinical trial site costs related to patient screening and enrollment are accrued as patients are screened/entered into the trial.

Collaborative Agreements

The Company and its collaborative partners are active participants in collaborative agreements and all parties would be exposed to significant risks and rewards depending on the technical and commercial success of the activities. Contractual payments to the other parties in collaboration agreements and costs incurred by the Company when the Company is deemed to be the principal participant for a given transaction are recognized on a gross basis in R&D expenses. Royalties and license payments are recorded as earned.

 During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, no milestones were met, and no royalties were earned, therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any license or royalty payments.

Licensing Agreements

The Company has various agreements licensing technology utilized in the development of its product or technology programs. The licenses contain success milestone obligations and royalties on future sales. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, no milestones were met, and no royalties were earned, therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any license or royalty payments under any of its license agreements.

Patent Costs

The Company expenses costs relating to issued patents and patent applications, including costs relating to legal, renewal and application fees, as a component of general and administrative expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Income Taxes

The Company uses an asset and liability approach for accounting for deferred income taxes, which requires recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements but have not been reflected in its taxable income. Estimates and judgments are required in the calculation of certain tax liabilities and in the determination of the recoverability of certain deferred income tax assets, which arise from temporary differences and carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled.

The Company regularly assesses the likelihood that its deferred income tax assets will be realized from recoverable income taxes or recovered from future taxable income. To the extent that the Company believes any amounts are not “more likely than not” to be realized, the Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred income tax assets. In the event the Company determines that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. Similarly, if the Company subsequently determines deferred income tax assets that were previously determined to be unrealizable are now realizable, the respective valuation allowance would be reversed, resulting in an adjustment to earnings in the period such determination is made.

Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383 (“Sections 382 and 383”) limit the use of net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards and R&D credits, after an ownership change. To date, the Company has not conducted a Section 382 or 383 study, however, because the Company will continue to raise significant amounts of equity in the coming years, the Company expects that Sections 382 and 383 will limit the Company’s usage of NOLs and R&D credits in the future.

ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences, and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is “more likely than not.” Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the Company’s ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. The Company has reviewed the positive and negative evidence relating to the realizability of the deferred tax assets and has concluded that the deferred tax assets are not “more likely than not” to be realized. As a result, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. U.S. Federal R&D tax credits from 2016 to 2019 were utilized to reduce payroll taxes in future periods and were recorded as other current assets (anticipated to be received within 12 months), on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company intends to maintain the valuation allowance until sufficient evidence exists to support its reversal. The Company regularly reviews its tax positions. For a tax benefit to be recognized, the related tax position must be “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination. Any amount recognized is generally the largest benefit that is “more likely than not” to be realized upon settlement. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as an income tax expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits.

The Company is subject to U.S. Federal, Illinois and California state income taxes. In addition, the Company is subject to local tax laws of France and Australia. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. Monopar was originally formed as an LLC in December 2014, then incorporated on December 16, 2015. The Company is subject to U.S. Federal, state and local tax examinations by tax authorities for the tax years 2015 through 2021. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to its current uncertain tax positions through March 31, 2024. The Company plans on filing its U.S. Federal and state tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2022, prior to the extended filing deadlines in all jurisdictions.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements with employees, non-employee directors and consultants using a fair value method, which requires the recognition of compensation expense for costs related to all stock-based awards, including stock option and restricted stock unit (“RSU”) grants. The fair value method requires the Company to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model or the closing stock price on the date of grant in the case of RSUs.

Stock-based compensation expense for awards granted to employees, non-employee directors and consultants are based on the fair value of the underlying instrument calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the date of grant for stock options and using the closing stock price on the date of grant for RSUs and recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Determining the appropriate fair value model and related assumptions requires judgment, including estimating the future stock price volatility and expected terms. The expected volatility rates are estimated based on the Company’s historical actual volatility over the two-year period from its initial public offering on December 18, 2019 through December 31, 2021 for stock-based awards granted in 2022. For awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023, the expected volatility rates were estimated based on the Company’s historical actual volatility over the three-year period from its initial public offering on December 18, 2019, through December 31, 2022. The expected term for options granted to date is estimated using the simplified method. Forfeitures only include known forfeitures to-date as the Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur due to a limited history of forfeitures. The Company has not paid dividends and does not anticipate paying a cash dividend in the future vesting period and, accordingly, uses an expected dividend yield of zero. The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities consistent with the estimated expected term of the awards.

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Investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments

Investments

Note 3 - Investments

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had two money market accounts and available-for-sale investments with contractual maturities of one year or less as follows:

As of March 31, 2023	Cost Basis		Unrealized Gains		Aggregate Fair Value
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	6,895,576	$	48,684	$	6,944,260
Money Market Accounts		3,479,184		-		3,479,184
Total	$	10,374,760	$	48,684	$	10,423,444

As of March 31, 2023, there were no available-for-sale securities in an unrealized-loss position. U.S. Treasury Bills classified as Investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023 were $6.0 million.

As of December 31, 2022 the Company had two money market accounts and available-for-sale investments with contractual maturities of one year or less as follows:

As of December 31, 2022	Cost Basis		Unrealized Gains		Aggregate Fair Value
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	6,905,171	$	15,039	$	6,920,210
Money Market Accounts		5,262,286		-		5,262,286
Total	$	12,167,457	$	15,039	$	12,182,496

As of December 31, 2022, there were no available-for-sale securities in an unrealized-loss position and there were no sales of available-for-sale securities made during 2022. U.S. Treasury Bills classified as Investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 were $4.9 million.

See Note 2 for additional discussion regarding the Company’s fair value measurements.

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Capital Stock

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Capital Stock

Capital Stock

Note 4 - Capital Stock

Holders of the common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. To date no dividends have been declared. Upon dissolution and liquidation of the Company, holders of the common stock are entitled to a ratable share of the net assets of the Company remaining after payments to creditors of the Company. The holders of shares of common stock are entitled to one vote per share for the election of each director nominated to the Board and one vote per share on all other matters submitted to a vote of stockholders.

The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the Company to issue 40,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share.

Sales of Common Stock

On April 20, 2022, the Company entered into a Capital on Demand™ Sales Agreement with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (“JonesTrading”), pursuant to which Monopar may offer and sell, from time to time, through or to JonesTrading, as sales agent or principal, shares of Monopar’s common stock. On April 20, 2022, the Company filed a prospectus supplement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the offer and sale of its common stock from time to time pursuant to the agreement up to an aggregate amount of $4,870,000. In addition, the Company filed a new Form S-3, which included therein a prospectus to increase the aggregate amount under this agreement to $6,505,642. The Form S-3 was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 4, 2023, at which time the prospectus included therein replaced the prior prospectus supplement. Expenses related to these financing activities were recorded as offering costs (a reduction of additional paid in capital) on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity for the period. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company sold 244,392 shares of its common stock at an average gross price per share of $3.46 for net proceeds of $823,855, after fees and commissions of $21,144. In addition, the Company incurred legal, accounting and other fees totaling $16,517 for net proceeds after fees, commissions and expenses of $807,338. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company did not sell any shares of common stock.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had 13,222,056 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

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Stock Incentive Plan

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Stock Incentive Plan

Stock Incentive Plan

Note 5 - Stock Incentive Plan

In April 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders representing a majority of the Company’s outstanding stock at that time, approved the Monopar Therapeutics Inc. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the “Plan”), allowing the Company to grant up to an aggregate 700,000 shares of stock-based awards in the form of stock options, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. In October 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to increase the stock award pool to 1,600,000 shares of common stock, which subsequently was approved by the Company’s stockholders. In April 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to increase the stock award pool to 3,100,000 (an increase of 1,500,000 shares of common stock), which was approved by the Company’s stockholders in June 2020. In April 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to approve an amendment to the 2016 Stock Incentive Plan to remove certain individual award limits and other provisions related to I.R.C. Section 162(m) and to update the limit on Incentive Stock Options to no more that 100% of the maximum aggregate number of shares which may be granted under the plan, which was approved by the Company’s stockholders in June 2021. In March 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to increase the stock award pool to 5,100,000 (an increase of 2,000,000 shares of common stock), which was approved by the Company’s stockholders in June 2022.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company’s Plan Administrator Committee (with regards to non-officer employees and consultants) and the Company’s Compensation Committee, as ratified by the Board of Directors (in case of executive officers and non-employee directors), granted to executive officers, non-officer employees, non-employee directors and consultants aggregate stock options for the purchase of 508,902 shares of the Company’s common stock with exercise prices ranging from $2.37 to $3.16 per share which vest over 1 to 4 years. All stock option grants have a 10-year term.

Under the Plan, the per share exercise price for the shares to be issued upon exercise of an option shall be determined by the Plan Administrator, except that the per share exercise price shall be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the grant date. Fair market value is the Company’s closing price on the grant date on Nasdaq. Stock options generally expire after 10 years.

Stock option activity under the Plan was as follows: 

	Options Outstanding
	Number of Shares Subject to Options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Balances at December 31, 2022		1,642,950			4.28
Granted(1)		508,902			3.14
Forfeited(2)		(5,729	)		2.44
Balances at March 31, 2023		2,146,123			4.01
Unvested options outstanding expected to vest(3)		901,308			3.45

(1)	508,902 options vest as follows: options to purchase 443,182 shares of the Company’s common stock vest 6/48ths on the six-month anniversary of grant date and 1/48th per month thereafter; options to purchase 55,720 shares of the Company’s common stock vest quarterly over one year; and options to purchase 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock vest monthly over one year.
(2)	Forfeited options represent unvested shares and vested, unexercised shares related to employee terminations.
(3)	Forfeitures only include known forfeitures to-date as the Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur due to a limited history of forfeitures.

A summary of options outstanding as of March 31, 2023, is shown below:

Exercise Prices	Number of Shares Subject to Options Outstanding		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years		Number of Shares Subject to Options Fully Vested and Exercisable		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years
$0.001-$5.00		1,397,112		7.73		600,616		5.38
$5.01-$10.00		629,216		6.14		528,988		5.78
$10.01-$15.00		113,670		6.81		109,086		6.80
$15.01-$20.00		6,125		6.84		6,125		6.84
		2,146,123		7.21		1,244,815		5.68

Restricted stock unit activity under the Plan was as follows:

	Restricted Stock Units (#)			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value per Unit ($)
Unvested balance at December 31, 2022		272,650			4.00
Granted		368,345			3.16
Vested		(41,202	)		5.35
Unvested Balance at March 31, 2023		599,793			3.39

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company recognized $244,337 and $204,474 of employee, non-employee director and consultant stock-based compensation expense as general and administrative expenses, respectively, and $231,872 and $295,338 as research and development expenses, respectively. The stock-based compensation expense is allocated on a departmental basis, based on the classification of the stock-based award holder. No income tax benefits have been recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for stock-based compensation arrangements.

The fair value of options granted for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model assuming the following factors: 5.3 to 6.1 years expected term, 90% volatility, 3.5% to 4.0% risk free interest rate and zero dividends. The expected term for options granted to date was estimated using the simplified method.

Stock option grants and fair values under the Plan were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Stock options granted		508,902		553,064
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share	$	2.38		2.11
Fair value of shares vested	$	223,273		292,328

At March 31, 2023, the aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding vested stock options was approximately $0.5 million (there were no unvested stock options that had intrinsic value) and the weighted-average exercise price in aggregate was $4.01 which includes $4.42 for fully vested stock options and $3.45 for stock options expected to vest. At March 31, 2023, unamortized unvested balance of stock-based compensation was $4.1 million, to be amortized over the following 3.0 years.

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Related Party Transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

Note 6 - Related Party Transactions

As of March 31, 2023, Tactic Pharma, LLC (“Tactic Pharma”), the Company’s initial investor, beneficially owned 32.4% of Monopar’s common stock and during the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no transactions between Tactic Pharma and Monopar.

None of the related parties discussed in this paragraph received compensation other than market-based salary, market-based stock-based compensation and benefits and performance-based incentive bonus or in the case of non-employee directors, market-rate Board fees and market-rate stock-based compensation. The Company considers the following individuals as related parties: Two of the Company’s board members were also Managing Members of Tactic Pharma as of March 31, 2023. Chandler D. Robinson is a Company Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, common stockholder, Managing Member of Tactic Pharma, former Manager of the predecessor LLC, Manager of CDR Pharma, LLC and Board member of Monopar as a C Corporation. Michael Brown is a Managing Member of Tactic Pharma (as of February 1, 2019, with no voting power as it relates to Monopar), a previous managing member of Monopar as an LLC, common stockholder and Board member of Monopar as a C Corporation.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)

Commitments And Contingencies

Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies

License, Development and Collaboration Agreements

Onxeo S.A.

In June 2016, the Company executed an option and license agreement with Onxeo S.A. (“Onxeo”), a public French company, which gave Monopar the exclusive option to license (on a world-wide exclusive basis) Validive to pursue treating severe oral mucositis in patients undergoing chemoradiation treatment for head and neck cancers. The pre-negotiated Onxeo license agreement for Validive as part of the option agreement includes clinical, regulatory, developmental and sales milestones and escalating royalties on net sales . On September 8, 2017, the Company exercised the license option, and therefore paid Onxeo the $1 million fee under the option and license agreement.

On March 27, 2023, Monopar announced the discontinuation of its Validive Phase 2b/3 VOICE trial based upon the Data Safety Monitoring Board (“DSMB”) determination that the trial did not meet the pre-defined threshold for efficacy of a 15% absolute difference in severe oral mucositis prevention between Validive and placebo. The Company does not anticipate further development under the Onxeo license agreement or any future license or royalty obligations.

Grupo Español de Investigación en Sarcomas (“GEIS”)

In June 2019, the Company executed a clinical collaboration agreement with GEIS for the development of camsirubicin in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (“ASTS”). Following completion of the Company’s Phase 1b clinical trial in the U.S. that Monopar initiated in the third quarter of 2021 with the first patient dosed in October 2021, the Company continues to expect that GEIS will sponsor and lead a multi-country, randomized, open-label Phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate camsirubicin head-to-head against doxorubicin, the current first-line treatment for ASTS. The Company will provide study drug and supplemental financial support for the clinical trial. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, no expenses were incurred under the GEIS agreement. The Company can terminate the agreement by providing GEIS with advance notice, and without affecting the Company’s rights and ownership to any related intellectual property or clinical data. In the second quarter of 2021, due to regulatory delays in Spain, Monopar decided to conduct an open-label Phase 1b clinical trial of camsirubicin in the U.S., therefore no expenses were incurred related to the GEIS collaboration beyond March 31, 2021.

XOMA Ltd.

The intellectual property rights contributed by Tactic Pharma to the Company included the non-exclusive license agreement with XOMA Ltd. for the humanization technology used in the development of MNPR-101. Pursuant to such license agreement, the Company is obligated to pay XOMA Ltd. clinical, regulatory and sales milestones for MNPR-101 that could reach up to $14.925 million if the Company achieves all milestones. The agreement does not require the payment of sales royalties. There can be no assurance that the Company will reach any milestones under the XOMA agreement. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had not reached any milestones and has not been required to pay XOMA Ltd. any funds under this license agreement.

Legal Contingencies

The Company may be subject to claims and assessments from time to time in the ordinary course of business. No claims have been asserted to date.

Indemnification

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but that have not yet been made. To date, the Company has not paid any claims nor been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future as a result of future claims against these indemnification obligations. 

In accordance with its second amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and the indemnification agreements entered into with each officer and non-employee director, the Company has indemnification obligations to its officers and non-employee directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while they are serving at the Company’s request in such capacities. There have been no indemnification claims to date.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies

Basis Of Presentation

These condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial results of Monopar Therapeutics Inc., its wholly-owned French subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics, SARL, and its wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics Australia Pty Ltd, and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) and include all disclosures required by GAAP for financial reporting. All intercompany accounts have been eliminated. The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements are set out below and have been consistently applied in all periods presented. The Company has been primarily involved in performing research activities, developing product candidates, and raising capital to support and expand these activities.

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal, recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2023, and the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, and the Company’s condensed consolidated cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022.

The interim condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss and condensed consolidated cash flows for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the condensed consolidated results of operations or cash flows which may be reported for the remainder of 2023 or for any future period. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 23, 2023.

Functional Currency

The Company’s consolidated functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. The Company’s Australian subsidiary and French subsidiary use the Australian Dollar and European Euro, respectively, as their functional currency. At each quarter-end, each foreign subsidiary’s balance sheets are translated into U.S. Dollars based upon the quarter-end exchange rate, while their statements of operations and comprehensive loss and statements of cash flows are translated into U.S. Dollars based upon an average exchange rate during the period.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss represents net loss plus any income or losses not reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, such as foreign currency translations gains and losses and unrealized gains and losses on debt security investments that are reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity.

Use Of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Going Concern Assessment

The Company applies Accounting Standards Codification 205-40 (“ASC 205-40”), Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued to provide guidance on determining when and how reporting companies must disclose going concern uncertainties in their financial statements. ASC 205-40 requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity’s financial statements (or within one year after the date on which the financial statements are available to be issued, when applicable). Further, a company must provide certain disclosures if there is “substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.” In April 2023, the Company analyzed its cash requirements at least through June 2024 and has determined that, based upon the Company’s current available cash, the Company has no substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of 90 days or less on the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of March 31, 2023, and December 31 2022, consisted of two money market accounts and U.S. Treasury Bills.

Investments

The Company considers all of its investments in debt securities (U.S. Government or Agencies), with maturities at the date of purchase from three months to one year to be available-for-sale securities. These investments are recorded at fair value with the unrealized gains and losses reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Realized gains and losses from the sale of investments, if any are determined, are recorded net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The investments selected by the Company have a low level of inherent credit risk given they are issued by the U.S. government and any changes in their fair value are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and market liquidity. Investments as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, consisted of U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities of 91 days to one year.

Prepaid Expenses

Prepayments are expenditures for goods or services before the goods are used or the services are received and are charged to operations as the benefits are realized. Prepaid expenses may include payments to development collaborators in excess of actual expenses incurred by the collaborator measured at the end of each reporting period. Prepayments also include insurance premiums, dues and subscriptions and software costs of $10,000 or more per year that are expensed monthly over the life of the contract, which is typically one year. Prepaid expenses are reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as other current assets.

Leases

Lease agreements are evaluated to determine whether an arrangement is or contains a lease in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. Right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The right-of-use lease asset on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The incremental borrowing taking into consideration the Company’s credit quality and borrowing rate for similar assets is used in determining the present value of future payments. Lease expense is recorded as general and administrative expenses on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. ASC 842 was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2019.

Concentration Of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents at two reputable financial institutions. As of March 31, 2023, the balance at one financial institution was in excess of the $250,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurable limit. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits since inception and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks with respect to these financial institutions.

Fair Value Of Financial Instruments

For financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, investments, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities, the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of fair value due to their relatively short maturities.

The Company adopted ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, as amended, which addresses the measurement of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities. Under this standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The standard establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing an asset or liability developed based on the best information available under the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

Level 1 - instrument valuations are obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets.

Level 2 - instrument valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for comparable instruments.

Level 3 - instrument valuations are obtained without observable market values and require a high-level of judgment to determine the fair value.

Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each reporting period. There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022. The following table presents the assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis. No values were recorded in Level 2 or Level 3 at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

March 31, 2023	Level 1		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents(1)	$	4,472,806	$	4,472,806
Investments(2)		5,950,638		5,950,638
Total	$	10,423,444	$	10,423,444

December 31 2022	Level 1		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents(1)	$	7,248,946	$	7,248,946
Investments(2)		4,933,550		4,933,550
Total	$	12,182,496	$	12,182,496

(1)	Cash equivalents as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, represent the fair value of the Company’s investment in two money market accounts and U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities at the date of purchase of less than 90 days.
(2)	Investments represents the fair value of the Company’s investment in U.S. Treasury Bills with maturities at the date of purchase from 91 days to one year.

Net Loss Per Share

Net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the periods. Diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of the sum of a) weighted average common stock outstanding (13,105,831 and 12,604,443 shares for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively) and b) potentially dilutive shares of common stock (such as stock options and restricted stock units) outstanding during the period. As of March 31, 2023, and 2022, potentially dilutive securities included stock-based awards to purchase up to 2,745,916 and 2,548,155 shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of fully diluted net loss per share as their effect is anti-dilutive.

Research And Development Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Major components of R&D expenses include salaries and benefits paid to the Company’s R&D staff, compensation expenses of G&A personnel performing R&D, fees paid to consultants and to the entities that conduct certain R&D activities on the Company’s behalf and materials and supplies which were used in R&D activities during the reporting period.

Clinical Trials Accruals

The Company accrues and expenses the costs for clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon estimates of the percentage of work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with agreements established with contract research organizations, service providers, and clinical trial sites. The Company estimates the amounts to accrue based upon discussions with internal clinical personnel and external service providers as to progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed upon fees to be paid for such services. Costs of setting up clinical trial sites for participation in the trials are expensed immediately as R&D expenses. Clinical trial site costs related to patient screening and enrollment are accrued as patients are screened/entered into the trial.

Collaborative Agreements

The Company and its collaborative partners are active participants in collaborative agreements and all parties would be exposed to significant risks and rewards depending on the technical and commercial success of the activities. Contractual payments to the other parties in collaboration agreements and costs incurred by the Company when the Company is deemed to be the principal participant for a given transaction are recognized on a gross basis in R&D expenses. Royalties and license payments are recorded as earned.

 During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, no milestones were met, and no royalties were earned, therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any license or royalty payments.

Licensing Agreements

The Company has various agreements licensing technology utilized in the development of its product or technology programs. The licenses contain success milestone obligations and royalties on future sales. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, no milestones were met, and no royalties were earned, therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any license or royalty payments under any of its license agreements.

Patent Costs

The Company expenses costs relating to issued patents and patent applications, including costs relating to legal, renewal and application fees, as a component of general and administrative expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Income Taxes

The Company uses an asset and liability approach for accounting for deferred income taxes, which requires recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements but have not been reflected in its taxable income. Estimates and judgments are required in the calculation of certain tax liabilities and in the determination of the recoverability of certain deferred income tax assets, which arise from temporary differences and carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled.

The Company regularly assesses the likelihood that its deferred income tax assets will be realized from recoverable income taxes or recovered from future taxable income. To the extent that the Company believes any amounts are not “more likely than not” to be realized, the Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred income tax assets. In the event the Company determines that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. Similarly, if the Company subsequently determines deferred income tax assets that were previously determined to be unrealizable are now realizable, the respective valuation allowance would be reversed, resulting in an adjustment to earnings in the period such determination is made.

Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383 (“Sections 382 and 383”) limit the use of net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards and R&D credits, after an ownership change. To date, the Company has not conducted a Section 382 or 383 study, however, because the Company will continue to raise significant amounts of equity in the coming years, the Company expects that Sections 382 and 383 will limit the Company’s usage of NOLs and R&D credits in the future.

ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences, and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is “more likely than not.” Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the Company’s ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. The Company has reviewed the positive and negative evidence relating to the realizability of the deferred tax assets and has concluded that the deferred tax assets are not “more likely than not” to be realized. As a result, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. U.S. Federal R&D tax credits from 2016 to 2019 were utilized to reduce payroll taxes in future periods and were recorded as other current assets (anticipated to be received within 12 months), on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company intends to maintain the valuation allowance until sufficient evidence exists to support its reversal. The Company regularly reviews its tax positions. For a tax benefit to be recognized, the related tax position must be “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination. Any amount recognized is generally the largest benefit that is “more likely than not” to be realized upon settlement. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as an income tax expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits.

The Company is subject to U.S. Federal, Illinois and California state income taxes. In addition, the Company is subject to local tax laws of France and Australia. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. Monopar was originally formed as an LLC in December 2014, then incorporated on December 16, 2015. The Company is subject to U.S. Federal, state and local tax examinations by tax authorities for the tax years 2015 through 2021. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to its current uncertain tax positions through March 31, 2024. The Company plans on filing its U.S. Federal and state tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2022, prior to the extended filing deadlines in all jurisdictions.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements with employees, non-employee directors and consultants using a fair value method, which requires the recognition of compensation expense for costs related to all stock-based awards, including stock option and restricted stock unit (“RSU”) grants. The fair value method requires the Company to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model or the closing stock price on the date of grant in the case of RSUs.

Stock-based compensation expense for awards granted to employees, non-employee directors and consultants are based on the fair value of the underlying instrument calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the date of grant for stock options and using the closing stock price on the date of grant for RSUs and recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Determining the appropriate fair value model and related assumptions requires judgment, including estimating the future stock price volatility and expected terms. The expected volatility rates are estimated based on the Company’s historical actual volatility over the two-year period from its initial public offering on December 18, 2019 through December 31, 2021 for stock-based awards granted in 2022. For awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023, the expected volatility rates were estimated based on the Company’s historical actual volatility over the three-year period from its initial public offering on December 18, 2019, through December 31, 2022. The expected term for options granted to date is estimated using the simplified method. Forfeitures only include known forfeitures to-date as the Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur due to a limited history of forfeitures. The Company has not paid dividends and does not anticipate paying a cash dividend in the future vesting period and, accordingly, uses an expected dividend yield of zero. The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities consistent with the estimated expected term of the awards.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies

Assets And Liabilities Measured At Fair Value On A Recurring Basis

March 31, 2023	Level 1		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents(1)	$	4,472,806	$	4,472,806
Investments(2)		5,950,638		5,950,638
Total	$	10,423,444	$	10,423,444

December 31 2022	Level 1		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents(1)	$	7,248,946	$	7,248,946
Investments(2)		4,933,550		4,933,550
Total	$	12,182,496	$	12,182,496

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Investments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments

summary of sale investments with contractual maturities

As of March 31, 2023	Cost Basis		Unrealized Gains		Aggregate Fair Value
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	6,895,576	$	48,684	$	6,944,260
Money Market Accounts		3,479,184		-		3,479,184
Total	$	10,374,760	$	48,684	$	10,423,444

As of December 31, 2022	Cost Basis		Unrealized Gains		Aggregate Fair Value
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	6,905,171	$	15,039	$	6,920,210
Money Market Accounts		5,262,286		-		5,262,286
Total	$	12,167,457	$	15,039	$	12,182,496

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Stock Incentive Plan (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Stock Incentive Plan

Stock Option Activity

	Options Outstanding
	Number of Shares Subject to Options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Balances at December 31, 2022		1,642,950			4.28
Granted(1)		508,902			3.14
Forfeited(2)		(5,729	)		2.44
Balances at March 31, 2023		2,146,123			4.01
Unvested options outstanding expected to vest(3)		901,308			3.45

Options Outstanding

Exercise Prices	Number of Shares Subject to Options Outstanding		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years		Number of Shares Subject to Options Fully Vested and Exercisable		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years
$0.001-$5.00		1,397,112		7.73		600,616		5.38
$5.01-$10.00		629,216		6.14		528,988		5.78
$10.01-$15.00		113,670		6.81		109,086		6.80
$15.01-$20.00		6,125		6.84		6,125		6.84
		2,146,123		7.21		1,244,815		5.68

Restricted Stock Unit Activity

	Restricted Stock Units (#)			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value per Unit ($)
Unvested balance at December 31, 2022		272,650			4.00
Granted		368,345			3.16
Vested		(41,202	)		5.35
Unvested Balance at March 31, 2023		599,793			3.39

Schedule Of Stock Option Grants And Fair Values

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Stock options granted		508,902		553,064
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share	$	2.38		2.11
Fair value of shares vested	$	223,273		292,328

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Nature of Business and Liquidity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	$ (54,238,577)	$ (51,804,021)
Liquidity [Member]
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	$ 5,420,000

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Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Cash equivalents	$ 4,472,806	$ 7,248,946
Investments	5,950,638	4,933,550
Total	10,423,444	12,182,496
Level 1
Assets
Cash equivalents	4,472,806	7,248,946
Investments	5,950,638	4,933,550
Total	$ 10,423,444	$ 12,182,496

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Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Significant Accounting Policies
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic and Diluted	13,105,831	12,604,443
Insurance premiums, dues, subscription, and software cost paid in advance	$ 10,000
FDIC insurable limit	$ 250,000
Potentially dilutive securities	2,745,916	2,548,155

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Investments (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Aggregate Cost Basis	$ 10,374,760	$ 12,167,457
Unrealized Gains	48,684	15,039
Aggregate Fair Value	10,423,444	12,182,496
U.S. Treasury Bills
Available For Sale Debt Securities Amortized Cost Basis	6,895,576	6,905,171
Available-for-sale debt securities accumulated gross unrealized gain	48,684	15,039
Available for sale debt securities aggregate fair value	6,944,260	6,920,210
Money Market Funds [Member]
Money market amortized cost basis	3,479,184	5,262,286
Unrealized Gains	0	0
Aggregate Fair Value	$ 3,479,184	$ 5,262,286

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Investments (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments
Available For Sale Debt Securities	$ 600	$ 490

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Capital Stock (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Apr. 20, 2022
Capital Stock
Fees and commissions	$ 21,144
Proceeds from sale of stock	$ 823,855
Average gross price per share	$ 3.46
Sale of common stock shares	244,392
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Pursuant aggregate amount			$ 4,870,000
Common stock, authorized	40,000,000	40,000,000
Legal, accounting and other fees	$ 16,517
Net proceeds after fees, commissions and expenses	$ 807,338
Common Stock, Issued and Outstanding	13,222,056
Aggregate amount increased	$ 6,505,642
Common stock, outstanding	13,222,056	12,946,573

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Stock Incentive Plan (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Stock Incentive Plan
Stock options outstanding, beginning | shares	1,642,950
Stock options, granted | shares	508,902
Stock options, forfeited | shares	(5,729)
Stock options outstanding, ending | shares	2,146,123
Unvested options outstanding expected to vest | shares	901,308
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, beginning | $ / shares	$ 4.28
Weighted average exercise price, granted | $ / shares	3.14
Weighted average exercise price, forfeited | $ / shares	2.44
Weighted average exercise price outstanding, ending | $ / shares	4.01
Weighted-Average Exercise Price unvested options outstanding expected to vest | $ / shares	$ 3.45

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Stock Incentive Plan (Details 1)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 shares
Number of Shares Subject to Options Outstanding	2,146,123
Options outstanding Contractual Term in Years	7 years 2 months 15 days
Number of shares fully vested and exercisable	1,244,815
Options fully vested and exercisable Contractual Term in Years	5 years 8 months 4 days
Option 1
Number of Shares Subject to Options Outstanding	1,397,112
Options outstanding Contractual Term in Years	7 years 8 months 23 days
Number of shares fully vested and exercisable	600,616
Options fully vested and exercisable Contractual Term in Years	5 years 4 months 17 days
Exercise price	0.001-$5.00
Option 2
Number of Shares Subject to Options Outstanding	629,216
Options outstanding Contractual Term in Years	6 years 1 month 20 days
Number of shares fully vested and exercisable	528,988
Options fully vested and exercisable Contractual Term in Years	5 years 9 months 10 days
Exercise price	5.01-$10.00
Option 3
Number of Shares Subject to Options Outstanding	113,670
Options outstanding Contractual Term in Years	6 years 9 months 21 days
Number of shares fully vested and exercisable	109,086
Options fully vested and exercisable Contractual Term in Years	6 years 9 months 18 days
Exercise price	10.01-$15.00
Option 4
Number of Shares Subject to Options Outstanding	6,125
Options outstanding Contractual Term in Years	6 years 10 months 2 days
Number of shares fully vested and exercisable	6,125
Options fully vested and exercisable Contractual Term in Years	6 years 10 months 2 days
Exercise price	15.01-$20.00

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Stock Incentive Plan (Details 2) - Restricted Stock Units - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested	599,793	272,650
Unvested restricted stock units, granted	368,345
Unvested Restricted Stock Units, Vested	(41,202)
Weighted-average grant date fair value per unit, granted	$ 3.16
Weighted-average grant date fair value per unit, vested	5.35
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value	$ 3.39	$ 4.00

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Stock Incentive Plan (Details 3) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Stock Incentive Plan
Stock options granted	508,902	553,064
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share	$ 2.38	$ 2.11
Fair value of shares vested	$ 223,273	$ 292,328

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Stock Incentive Plan (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2017	Apr. 30, 2016
Stock Option Grants Term Period	10 years
Aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding vested stock options	$ 500,000
Weighted-average exercise price	$ 4.01
Unamortized unvested balance of stock base compensation	$ 410,000
Unamortized unvested balance of stock base compensation, period	3 years
Weighted Average Stock Options Expected To Vest	$ 3.45
Description of exercise price	exercise prices ranging from $2.37 to $3.16 per share which vest over 1 to 4 years. All stock option grants have a 10-year term.
Weighted average vested exercise price	$ 4.42
Stock Option Granted	508,902
Stock-based compensation expense (non-cash)	$ 476,209	$ 499,812
Minimum Member
Risk free interest rate	3.50%
Expected term	5 years 3 months 18 days
Volatility	90.00%
Maximum Member
Risk free interest rate	4.00%
Expected term	6 years 1 month 6 days
Stock award pool [Member]
Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award number of additional shares authorized	1,500,000
2016 Stock Incentive Plan
Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award number of shares authorized				700,000
October 2017 | Board of Directors
Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award number of shares authorized			1,600,000
April 2020 | Board of Directors
Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award number of shares authorized	3,100,000
Vested 6/48ths on 6 month anniversary of grant date and 1/48th per month thereafter
Option to purchase shares	443,182
Vested quarterly over one year
Option to purchase shares	55,720
Vested monthly over one year
Option to purchase shares	10,000
Options [Member]
Aggregate Stock Option Purchase Of Shares	508,902
Research and Development Expenses
Stock-based compensation expense (non-cash)	$ 231,872	295,338
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Stock-based compensation expense (non-cash)	$ 244,337	$ 204,474

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Related Party Transactions (Details Narrative)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Tactic Pharma LLC
Beneficial ownership	32.40%

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
XOMA Ltd [Member]
Option And License Agreement Description	clinical, regulatory and sales milestones for MNPR-101 that could reach up to $14.925 million if the Company achieves all milestones