0001654954-18-012330.txt : 20181109 0001654954-18-012330.hdr.sgml : 20181109 20181109164718 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001654954-18-012330 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 39 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20180930 FILED AS OF DATE: 20181109 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20181109 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: Monopar Therapeutics CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001645469 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834] IRS NUMBER: 320463781 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-55866 FILM NUMBER: 181173709 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 5 REVERE DRIVE, SUITE 200 CITY: NORTHBROOK STATE: IL ZIP: 60062 BUSINESS PHONE: 6143958936 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 5 REVERE DRIVE, SUITE 200 CITY: NORTHBROOK STATE: IL ZIP: 60062 10-Q 1 mnpr_10qq32018.htm QUARTERLY REPORT Blueprint
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM 10-Q
 
 
(Mark One) 
 
☒ 
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
☐ 
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the transition period from                      to                      
 
 
 
Commission File Number:  000-55866
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
DELAWARE
 
32-0463781
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. employer
identification number)
1000 Skokie Blvd., Suite 350, Wilmette, IL
 
60091
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(zip code)
 
(847) 388-0349
 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each class
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
N/A
 
N/A
 
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒   No ☐
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  ☒    No  ☐
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer
☐
 
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐
   
Smaller reporting company
☒
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
☒
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes  ☐    No  ☒
 
 
 
The number of shares outstanding with respect to each of the classes of our common stock, as of November 9, 2018, is set forth below:
 
Class
 
Number of shares outstanding
 
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
 
 
9,291,420.614
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2
 
 
 
 
 
 3
 
 
 
 
 
 4
 
 
 
 
 
 5
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 19
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 32
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 32
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 32
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 33
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
Forward-Looking Statements
 
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to “Monopar,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company,” or “the Company” refer to Monopar Therapeutics Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries.
 
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Quarterly Report are forward-looking statements. The words “hopes,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “projects,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “will,” “continue,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report include without limitation statements about the market for cancer products in general and statements about our:
 
●            
projections and related assumptions;
 
●            
business and corporate strategy;
 
●            
plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions;
 
●            
clinical and preclinical pipeline and the anticipated development of our technologies, products, and operations;
 
●            
anticipated revenue and growth in revenue from various product offerings;
 
●            
future operating results;
 
●            
anticipated utility of our intellectual property portfolio;
 
●            
projected liquidity and capital expenditures;
 
●            
development and expansion of strategic relationships, collaborations, and alliances; and
 
●            
market opportunity, including without limitation the potential market acceptance of our technologies and products and the size of the market for cancer products.
 
 
Any forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report reflect our current views with respect to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.  Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances reflected in this information.
 
 
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are appropriate, we can give no assurance that such expectations will be realized. Cautionary statements are disclosed in this Quarterly Report, addressing forward-looking statements. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements. We undertake no obligation to update any statements made in this Quarterly Report or elsewhere, including without limitation any forward-looking statements, except as required by law.
 
 
 
1
 
 
PART I
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1. Financial Statements
 
Monopar Therapeutics Inc.
 
Condensed Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017*
 
Assets
 
(unaudited)
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $7,618,265 
 $8,981,894 
Other current assets
  269,512 
  149,342 
Total current assets
  7,887,777 
  9,131,236 
 
    
    
Restricted cash
  - 
  800,031 
 
    
    
Total assets
 $7,887,777 
 $9,931,267 
Liabilities and Equity
    
    
Current liabilities:
    
    
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 $311,893 
 $311,867 
Total current liabilities
  311,893 
  311,867 
 
    
    
Total liabilities
  311,893 
  311,867 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
    
    
 
    
    
Stockholders’ equity:
    
    
Common stock, par value of $0.001 per share, 40,000,000 authorized, 9,291,421 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017
  9,291 
  9,291 
Additional paid-in capital
  28,334,229 
  28,037,889 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
  (2,385)
  - 
Accumulated deficit
  (20,765,251)
  (18,427,780)
Total stockholders’ equity
  7,575,884 
  9,619,400 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 $7,887,777 
 $9,931,267 
 
* Derived from the Company’s audited financial statements.
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral
part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
 
2
 
 
Monopar Therapeutics Inc.
 
Condensed Consolidated
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Revenues
 $— 
 $— 
 $— 
 $— 
 
    
    
    
    
Operating expenses:
    
    
    
    
Research and development
  303,684 
  180,675 
  1,253,472 
  626,004 
In-process research and development
  - 
  14,501,622 
  - 
  14,501,622 
General and administrative
  363,848 
  215,233 
  1,151,317 
  738,701 
Total operating expenses
  667,532 
  14,897,530 
  2,404,789 
  15,866,327 
 
Loss from operations
  (667,532)
  (14,897,530)
  (2,404,789)
  (15,866,327)
Other income:
    
    
    
    
Interest and other income, net
  27,348 
  20,596 
  67,318 
  25,038 
 
Net loss
  (640,184)
  (14,876,934)
  (2,337,471)
  (15,841,289)
Other comprehensive income:
    
    
    
    
Foreign currency translation loss
  (806)
  - 
  (2,385)
  - 
 
Comprehensive loss
 $(640,990)
 $(14,876,934)
 $(2,339,856)
 $(15,841,289)
Net loss per share:
    
    
    
    
     Basic and diluted
 $(0.07)
 $(1.68)
 $(0.25)
 $(1.84)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
    
    
    
    
     Basic and diluted
  9,291,421 
  8,870,878 
  9,291,421 
  8,610,376 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral
part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3
 
 
Monopar Therapeutics Inc.
 
Condensed Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 $(2,337,471)
 $(15,841,289)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
    
    
Stock compensation expense (non-cash)
  296,340 
  242,016 
In-process research and development
  - 
  13,501,622 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net
    
    
Other current assets
  (120,170)
  12,777 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
  26 
  273,427 
Net cash used in operating activities
  (2,161,275)
  (1,811,447)
Cash flows from financing activities:
    
    
Proceeds from the sale of common stock, net of $42,400 of issuance costs
  - 
  4,695,646 
Cash received from Gem, net of transaction costs
    -
  4,830,742 
Net cash provided by financing activities
  - 
  9,526,388 
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
  (2,385)
  - 
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
  (2,163,660)
  7,714,941 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
  9,781,925 
  2,873,004 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
 $7,618,265 
 $10,587,945 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral
part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
 
4
 
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
 
Note 1 -  Nature of Business and Liquidity
 
Nature of Business
 
Monopar Therapeutics Inc. (“Monopar” or the ”Company”) is an emerging biopharmaceutical company focused on developing innovative drugs and drug combinations to improve clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Monopar currently has three compounds in development: Validive® (clonidine mucobuccal tablet; clonidine MBT), a Phase 3-ready, first-in-class mucoadhesive buccal anti-inflammatory tablet for the prevention and treatment of radiation induced severe oral mucositis (“SOM”) in oropharyngeal cancer patients; MNPR-201 (GPX-150; 5-imino-13-deoxydoxorubicin), a proprietary Phase 2 clinical stage topoisomerase II-alpha targeted analog of doxorubicin engineered specifically to retain anticancer activity while minimizing toxic effects on the heart; and MNPR-101 (formerly huATN-658), a pre-IND stage humanized monoclonal antibody, which targets the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (“uPAR”), for the treatment of advanced solid cancers.
 
The Company was originally formed in the State of Delaware on December 5, 2014 as a limited liability company (“LLC”) and on December 16, 2015 converted to a C Corporation in a tax-free exchange at which time the Company effected a 1 for 10 reverse stock split. All references to preferred stock and common stock authorized take into account the 1 for 10 reverse stock split. In March 2017, the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock and Series Z Preferred Stock converted into common stock at a conversion rate of 1.2 for 1 and 1 for 1, respectively, which eliminated all shares of Series A Preferred Stock and Series Z Preferred Stock along with a concurrent common stock split of 70 for 1. All references to common stock authorized, issued and outstanding and common stock options take into account the 70 for 1 stock split.
 
Liquidity
 
The Company has incurred an accumulated loss of approximately $20.8 million as of September 30, 2018. To date, the Company has primarily funded its operations with the net proceeds from private placements of convertible preferred stock and of common stock and from the cash provided in the MNPR-201 asset purchase transaction. Management believes that currently available resources will provide sufficient funds to enable the Company to meet its minimum obligations through November 2019. The Company’s ability to fund its future operations, including the clinical development of Validive, is dependent primarily upon its ability to execute on its business strategy and obtain additional funding and/or execute collaboration research transactions. There can be no certainty that future financing or collaborative research transactions will occur.
 
 
Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of Presentation
 
These condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial results of Monopar Therapeutics Inc., its French branch, its wholly-owned French subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics, SARL, and its wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics Pty Ltd and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and include all disclosures required by GAAP for interim financial information. All intercompany accounts have been eliminated. The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements are set out below and have been consistently applied in all periods presented. The Company has been primarily involved in performing research activities, developing product technologies, and raising capital to support and expand these activities.
 
Certain reclassifications have been made to the Company’s financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 to conform to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 presentation. The reclassifications had no impact on the Company’s net loss, total assets, or stockholders’ equity.
 
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal, recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and the Company’s condensed consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The condensed consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative
 
 
5
 
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
 
of the consolidated results of operations or cash flows which may be reported for the remainder of 2018 or for any future period. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 26, 2018.
 
Functional Currency
 
The Company's consolidated functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. The Company's Australian subsidiary and French subsidiary use the Australian Dollar and European Euro, respectively, as their functional currency. At each quarter end, each foreign subsidiary's balance sheets are translated into U.S. dollars based upon the quarter-end exchange rate, while their statements of operations and comprehensive loss are translated into U.S. dollars based upon an average exchange rate during the period.
 
Comprehensive Loss
 
Comprehensive loss represents net loss plus any gains or losses not reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, such as foreign currency translations gains and losses that are typically reflected on a Company’s condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Going Concern Assessment
 
The Company adopted Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued to provide guidance on determining when and how reporting companies must disclose going-concern uncertainties in their financial statements. The ASU requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity’s financial statements (or within one year after the date on which the financial statements are available to be issued, when applicable). Further, a company must provide certain disclosures if there is “substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.” In October 2018, the Company analyzed its minimum cash requirements through December 2019 and has determined that, based upon the Company’s current available cash, the Company has no substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.
 
Cash Equivalents
 
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consist entirely of money market accounts.
 
Restricted Cash
 
On July 9, 2015, the Company entered into a Clinical Trial and Option Agreement (“CTOA”) with Cancer Research UK. Pursuant to the CTOA, the Company deposited $0.8 million into an escrow account to cover certain future indemnities, claims or potential termination costs incurred by Cancer Research UK. Restricted cash was $0 as of September 30, 2018 and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2017. In connection with a portfolio reprioritization review, on March 21, 2018, Cancer Research UK notified us that it was terminating the CTOA and would work to transfer to us the data generated under the CTOA.These funds were released from escrow in September 2018 and were deposited into a money market account and reclassified as cash equivalents.
 
 
6
 
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
 
Prepaid Expenses
 
Prepayments are expenditures for goods or services before the goods are used or the services are received and are charged to operations as the benefits are realized. Prepaid expenses include insurance premiums and software costs that are expensed monthly over the life of the contract.
 
Concentration of Credit Risk
 
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2018, the Company maintained cash and cash equivalents at one financial institution. As of December 31, 2017, the Company maintained cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances at two financial institutions. Balances at each financial institution for both periods presented were in excess of the $250,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurable limit.
 
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
For financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, deferred offering costs, accounts payable and accrued expenses, the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of fair value due to their relatively short maturities.
 
The Company adopted Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, as amended, addressing the measurement of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities. Under this standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
 
In determining fair values of all reported assets and liabilities that represent financial instruments, the Company uses the carrying market values of such amounts. The standard establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing an asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:
 
Level 1 - instrument valuations are obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets.
 
Level 2 - instrument valuations are obtained from readily-available pricing sources for comparable instruments.
 
Level 3 - instrument valuations are obtained without observable market values and require a high-level of judgment to determine the fair value.
 
Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each reporting period. There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017. The following table presents the assets and liabilities recorded that are reported at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis.
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
 
September 30, 2018
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Total
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents(1)
 $7,548,417 
 $- 
 $7,548,417 
Total
 $7,548,417 
 $- 
 $7,548,417 
 
(1)
Cash equivalents represent the fair value of the Company’s investments in a money market account at September 30, 2018.
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Total
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents(1)
 $8,864,288 
 $- 
 $8,864,288 
Restricted cash(2)
  31 
  800,000 
  800,031 
Total
 $8,864,319 
 $800,000 
 $9,664,319 
 
(1)
Cash equivalents represent the fair value of the Company’s investments in a money market account at December 31, 2017.
(2)
Restricted cash represents the fair value of the Company’s investments in an $800,000 certificate of deposit and $31 in a money market account at December 31, 2017.
 
Net Loss per Share
 
Net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding and potential shares of common stock during the period. As of September 30, 2018, potentially dilutive securities included stock options to purchase up to 1,085,896 shares of the Company’s common stock. As of September 30, 2017, potentially dilutive securities included stock options to purchase up to 618,592 shares of the Company’s common stock. For all periods presented, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of fully diluted net loss per share as their effect is anti-dilutive.
 
Research and Development Expenses
 
Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Major components of R&D expenses include salaries and benefits paid to the Company’s R&D staff, fees paid to consultants and to the entities that conduct certain R&D activities on the Company’s behalf and materials and supplies which are used in R&D activities.
 
The Company accrues and expenses the costs for clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon estimates of the percentage of work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with agreements established with contract research organizations and clinical trial sites. The Company determines the estimates through discussions with internal clinical personnel and external service providers as to progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed upon fee to be paid for such services. Costs of setting up clinical trial sites for participation in the trials are expensed immediately as R&D expenses. Clinical trial site costs related to patient enrollment are accrued as patients are entered into the trial. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company had no clinical trials in progress.
 
In-process Research and Development
 
In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) expenses represent the costs to acquire technologies to be used in research and development that have not reached technological feasibility, have no alternative future uses and thus are expensed as incurred. IPR&D expense also includes upfront license fees and milestones paid to collaborators, for technologies with no alternative use.
 
 
 
 
8
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
Collaborative Arrangements
 
The Company and its future collaborative partners would be active participants in collaborative arrangements and all parties would be exposed to significant risks and rewards depending on the technical and commercial success of the activities. Contractual payments to the other parties in collaboration agreements and costs incurred by the Company when the Company is deemed to be the principal participant for a given transaction are recognized on a gross basis in R&D expenses. Royalties and license payments are recorded as earned.
 
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, no milestones were met and no royalties were earned, therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any milestone or royalty payments.
 
Licensing Agreements
 
The Company has various agreements to license technology utilized in the development of its programs. The licenses contain success milestone obligations and royalties on future sales. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, no milestones were met and no royalties were earned, therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any milestone or royalty payments under any of its license agreements.
 
Patent Costs
 
The Company expenses costs relating to issued patents and patent applications, including costs relating to legal, renewal and application fees, as a component of general and administrative expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
 
Income Taxes
 
From December 2014 to December 16, 2015, the Company was an LLC taxed as a partnership under the Internal Revenue Code, during which period the members separately accounted for their pro-rata share of income, deductions, losses, and credits of the Company. On December 16, 2015, the Company converted from an LLC to a C Corporation. On December 16, 2015, the Company began using an asset and liability approach for accounting for deferred income taxes, which requires recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements, but have not been reflected in its taxable income. Estimates and judgments are required in the calculation of certain tax liabilities and in the determination of the recoverability of certain deferred income tax assets, which arise from temporary differences and carry forwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled.
 
The Company regularly assesses the likelihood that its deferred income tax assets will be realized from recoverable income taxes or recovered from future taxable income. To the extent that the Company believes any amounts are more likely than not to be realized, the Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred income tax assets. In the event the Company determines that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. Similarly, if the Company subsequently realizes deferred income tax assets that were previously determined to be unrealizable are now realizable, the respective valuation allowance would be reversed, resulting in an adjustment to earnings in the period such determination is made.
 
Internal Revenue Code Section 382 provides that, after an ownership change, the amount of a loss corporation’s net operating loss (“NOL”) for any post-change year that may be offset by pre-change losses shall not exceed the section 382 limitation for that year. Because the Company will continue to raise equity in the coming years, section 382 may limit the Company’s usage of NOLs in the future.
 
 
 
9
 
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
 
Based on the available evidence, the Company believed it was not likely to utilize its minimal deferred tax assets in the future and as a result, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company intends to maintain the valuation allowance until sufficient evidence exists to support their reversal. The Company regularly reviews its tax positions and for a tax benefit to be recognized, the related tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. Any amount recognized is generally the largest benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon settlement. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as an income tax expense. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not have any interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits.
 
The Company is subject to U.S. Federal, Illinois and California income taxes. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. The Company was incorporated on December 16, 2015 and is subject to U.S. Federal, state and local tax examinations by tax authorities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and for the short tax period December 16, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to its current uncertain tax positions through September 30, 2018. The Company filed its tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2017 prior to the filing deadlines in all jurisdictions.
 
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 was enacted. The Tax Reform Bill was effective as of January 1, 2018. In accordance with ASC guidance, deferred tax assets/liabilities in the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, were reflected at the tax rate in which the deferred tax assets/liabilities are anticipated to be realized. As a result, the Company changed the tax rate for tax provision purposes at December 31, 2017 from 34% to 21%.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements with employees, nonemployee directors and consultants using a fair value method, which requires the recognition of compensation expense for costs related to all stock-based payments, including stock options. The fair value method requires the Company to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model.
 
Stock-based compensation costs for options granted to employees and nonemployee directors are based on the fair value of the underlying option calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the date of grant for stock options and recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Determining the appropriate fair value model and related assumptions requires judgment, including estimating the future stock price volatility, forfeiture rates and expected term. The expected volatility rates are estimated based on the current volatility of comparable public companies over the expected term. The Company selected these companies based on comparable characteristics, including market capitalization, stage of development and with historical share price information sufficient to meet the expected term of the stock-based awards. The expected term for options granted to date is estimated using the simplified method. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company has not paid dividends and does not anticipate paying a cash dividend in the future vesting period and, accordingly, uses an expected dividend yield of zero. The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities consistent with the estimated expected term of the awards. The measurement of consultant share-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustments as the underlying equity instruments vest and is recognized as an expense over the period over which services are rendered.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The purpose is to enhance the reporting model for financial instruments to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information. The Company has adopted this ASU and determined that it does not have a material effect on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
 
 
10
 
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
 
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which has been amended by ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which for operating leases, requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in its balance sheet. The standard also requires a lessee to recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.
 
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU No. 2017-01”). The amendments in ASU No. 2017-01 clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill and consolidation. For public companies, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. For all other companies and organizations, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has adopted this ASU and determined it does not have a material impact on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
 
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. The amendment amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements, provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company has adopted this ASU and determined that it does not have a material effect on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
 
In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. This ASU simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features, a provision in an equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded feature) that provides a downward adjustment of the current exercise price based on the price of future equity offerings. Down round features are common in warrants, convertible preferred shares, and convertible debt instruments issued by private companies and development-stage public companies. This new ASU requires companies to disregard the down round feature when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to its own stock, for purposes of determining liability or equity classification. The provisions of this new ASU related to down rounds are effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.
 
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, that clarifies the guidance in ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10). For public business entities, ASU 2018-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2018. Public business entities with fiscal years beginning between December 15, 2017, and June 15, 2018, are not required to adopt ASU 2018-03 until the interim period beginning after June 15, 2018. The Company has early adopted this ASU and determined that it does not have a material effect on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
 
 
11
 
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
 
In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. This ASU amends certain SEC material on Topic 740 for the income tax accounting implications of the recently issued Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. ASU 2018-05 is effective upon inclusion in the FASB Codification. The Company has adopted this ASU and determined it does not have a material impact on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
 
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The ASU is intended to reduce the cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for nonemployee share-based payments. The ASU expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees will be substantially aligned. The ASU supersedes Subtopic 505-50, Equity—Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. For all other companies, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than a company’s adoption date of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.
 
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The ASU modifies, and in certain cases eliminates, the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. The amendments in ASU No. 2018-13 are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. An entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of ASU No. 2018-13 and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.
 
 
Note 3 - Capital Stock
 
On December 16, 2015, the Company converted from an LLC to a C Corporation at which time the Company effected a 1 for 10 reverse stock split. All references to preferred stock and common stock authorized take into account the 1 for 10 reverse stock split. In March 2017, the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock and Series Z Preferred Stock converted to common stock at a conversion rate of 1.2 for 1 and 1 for 1, respectively, along with a simultaneous common stock split of 70 for 1 and the elimination all shares of Series A Preferred Stock and Series Z Preferred Stock (collectively, the “Conversion”). 100,000 shares of Series Z Preferred Stock were converted into 7,000,000 shares of common stock and 15,894 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were converted into 1,335,079 shares of common stock. All references to common stock authorized, issued and outstanding and common stock options take into account the 70 for 1 stock split.
 
Holders of the common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. Upon dissolution and liquidation of the Company, holders of the common stock are entitled to a ratable share of the net assets of the Company remaining after payments to creditors of the Company. The holders of shares of common stock are entitled to one vote per share for the election of directors and on all other matters submitted to a vote of stockholders.
 
The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the Company to issue 40,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share.
 
 
 
12
 
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
 
Contribution to Capital
 
In August 2017, the Company’s largest stockholder, Tactic Pharma, LLC (“Tactic Pharma”), surrendered 2,888,727 shares of common stock back to the Company as a contribution to the capital of the Company. This resulted in reducing Tactic Pharma’s ownership in Monopar from 79.5% to 69.9%.
 
Sales of Common Stock
 
Pursuant to an active private placement memorandum, during the period from July 1, 2017 through September 30, 2017, Monopar sold 448,834 shares of common stock at $6 per share for proceeds of approximately $2.7 million. This financing closed on September 30, 2017.
 
Issuance of Common Stock
 
In August 2017, the Company issued 3,055,394 shares of its common stock in exchange for cash and intellectual property related to MNPR-201.
 
As of September 30, 2018, the Company had 9,291,421 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. The Company no longer has any shares of preferred stock authorized or outstanding.
 
In April 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Stock Incentive Plan and the Company’s Board of Directors reserved 700,000 shares of common stock for issuances under the plan (as adjusted subsequent to the Conversion). In October 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors increased the stock option pool to 1,600,000 shares of common stock.
 
Note 4 - Stock Option Plan
 
In April 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors and the convertible preferred stockholders representing a majority of the Company’s outstanding stock approved, the Monopar Therapeutics Inc. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) allowing the Company to grant up to an aggregate 700,000 shares of stock awards, stock options, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards to employees, directors and consultants. Concurrently, the Board of Directors granted to certain Board members and the Company’s acting chief financial officer stock options to purchase up to an aggregate 273,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 par value based upon a third-party valuation of the Company’s common stock.
 
In December 2016, the Board of Directors granted to the Company’s acting chief medical officer stock options to purchase up to 7,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 par value based upon a third-party valuation of the Company’s common stock.
 
In February 2017, the Board of Directors granted to certain Board members and to the Company’s acting chief financial officer stock options to purchase up to an aggregate 275,520 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 par value based upon a third-party valuation of the Company’s common stock. In September 2017, the Board of Directors represented by the designated Plan Administrator, granted options to purchase up to 21,024 shares of common stock to each of the three new Board members and in November 2017, the Company granted options to purchase up to 40,000 shares of common stock to an employee. These Board and employee options have an exercise price of $6 per share based on the price per share at which common stock was sold in the Company’s most recent private offering.
 
 
13
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
In January 2018, the Company granted options to purchase up to 32,004 shares of common stock to its acting chief medical officer, at an exercise price of $6 per share based on the price per share at which common stock was sold in the Company’s most recent private offering. In May 2018 and August 2018, the Company granted options to two employees to each purchase up to 5,000 shares of common stock, at an exercise price of $6 per share based on the price per share at which common stock was sold in the Company’s most recent private offering. Also in August 2018, the Company granted stock options to all of its non-employee Board members, the Company’s chief executive officer, chief scientific officer, and chief financial officer to purchase up to an aggregate 425,300 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $6 per share based on the price per share at which common stock was sold in the Company’s most recent private offering. Vesting of such options commenced on October 1, 2018.
 
Under the Plan, the per share exercise price for the shares to be issued upon exercise of an option shall be determined by the Plan administrator, except that the per share exercise price shall be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the grant date. Fair market value is established by the Company’s Board of Directors, using third party valuation reports and recent financings. Options generally expire after ten years.
 
Stock option activity under the Plan was as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Options Outstanding
 
 
 
Options Available
 
 
Number of Options
 
 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
 
Balances at January 1, 2017
  420,000 
  280,000 
 $0.001 
Option pool increase(1)
  900,000 
  — 
  — 
Granted(2)
  (378,592)
  378,592 
  1.63 
Forfeited
  — 
  — 
  — 
Exercised
  — 
  — 
  — 
Balances at December 31, 2017
  941,408 
  658,592 
  0.94 
Granted(3)
  (467,304)
  467,304 
  6.00 
Forfeited(4)
  40,000 
  (40,000)
  6.00 
Exercised
  — 
  — 
  — 
Balances at September 30, 2018
  514,104 
  1,085,896 
  2.93 
 
(1)
In October 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors increased the option pool from 700,000 to 1,600,000 shares.
 
(2)
336,544 options vest 6/48ths at the six-month anniversary of grant date and 1/48th per month thereafter; 21,024 options vest 6/24ths on the six-month anniversary of grant date and 1/24th per month thereafter; and 21,024 options vest 6/42nds on the six-month anniversary of grant date and 1/42nd per month thereafter.
 
(3)
32,004 options vest as follows: options to purchase up to 12,000 shares of common stock vest on the grant date, options to purchase up to 1,667 shares of common stock vest on the 1st of each month thereafter. 5,000 options vest 6/48ths on the grant date and 1/48th per month thereafter. 5,000 options vest 6/48ths on the six-month anniversary of grant date and 1/48th per month thereafter. 320,900 options vest 6/51 at the six-month anniversary of vesting commencement date and 1/51 per month thereafter, with vesting commencing on October 1, 2018. 104,400 options vest quarterly over 5 quarters, with the first quarter commencing October 1, 2018.
 
(4)
Forfeited options resulted from an employee termination.
 
 
 
14
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
A summary of options outstanding as of September 30, 2018 is shown below:
 
 
Exercise Prices
 
 
Number of Shares Subject to Options Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
 
Number of Shares Subject to Options Fully Vested and Exercisable
 
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
 $0.001 
  555,520 
 8.0 years
  389,060 
7.8 years
 $6.00 
  530,376 
 9.8 years
  48,155 
9.1 years
 
  1,085,896 
 
  437,215 
 
 
During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $29,383 and $3,612, respectively, of employee and non-employee director stock-based compensation expense as general and administrative expenses and $32,147 and $0, respectively, as R&D expenses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $81,896 and $3,612, respectively, of employee and non-employee director stock-based compensation expense as general and administrative expenses and $108,873 and $0, respectively, as R&D expenses. The compensation expense is allocated on a departmental basis, based on the classification of the option holder. No income tax benefits have been recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for stock-based compensation arrangements.
 
The Company recognizes as an expense the fair value of options granted to persons who are neither employees nor non-employee directors. Stock-based compensation expense for consultants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $31,714 and $105,571, respectively, which was recorded as R&D expenses. Stock-based compensation expense for consultants for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $40,314, of which $8,819 was recorded as general and administrative expenses, and $31,495 was recorded as R&D expenses; and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $238,404, of which $49,133 was recorded as general and administrative expenses, and $189,271 was recorded as R&D expenses.
 
The fair value of options granted from inception to September 30, 2018 was based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model assuming the following factors: 5.3 to 6.2 years expected term, 55% to 85% volatility, 1.2% to 2.9% risk free interest rate and zero dividends. The expected term for options granted to date is estimated using the simplified method. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017: the weighted average grant date fair value was $4.34 and $0.0005 per share, respectively; and the fair value of shares vested was $79,069 and nominal, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017: the weighted average grant date fair value was $4.25 and $0.0005 per share, respectively; and the fair value of shares vested was $316,263 and nominal, respectively. At September 30, 2018, the aggregate intrinsic value was approximately $3.3 million of which approximately $2.3 million was vested and approximately $1 million is expected to vest and the weighted average exercise price in aggregate was $2.93 which includes $0.66 for fully vested stock options and $4.46 for stock options expected to vest. At September 30, 2018, the unamortized unvested balance of stock based compensation was approximately $1 million to be amortized over 4.2 years.
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
 
Note 5 - Development and Collaboration Agreements
 
Onxeo S.A.
 
In June 2016, the Company executed an option and license agreement with Onxeo S.A. (“Onxeo”), a public French company, which gave Monopar the exclusive option to license (on a world-wide exclusive basis) Validive to pursue treating severe oral mucositis in patients undergoing chemoradiation treatment for head and neck cancers. The pre-negotiated Onxeo license agreement for Validive as part of the option agreement includes clinical, regulatory, developmental and sales milestones that could reach up to $108 million if the Company achieves all milestones, and escalating royalties on net sales from 5 - 10%. On September 8, 2017, the Company exercised the license option, and therefore paid Onxeo the $1 million fee under the option and license agreement.
 
Under the agreement, the Company is required to pay royalties to Onxeo on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis until the later of (1) the date when a given product is no longer within the scope of a patent claim in the country of sale or manufacture, (2) the expiry of any extended exclusivity period in the relevant country (such as orphan drug exclusivity, pediatric exclusivity, new chemical entity exclusivity, or other exclusivity granted beyond the expiry of the relevant patent), or (3) a specific time period after the first commercial sale of the product in such country. In most countries, including the U.S., the patent term is generally 20 years from the earliest claimed filing date of a non-provisional patent application in the applicable country, not taking into consideration any potential patent term adjustment that may be filed in the future or any regulatory extensions that may be obtained. The royalty termination provision pursuant to (3) described above is shorter than 20 years and is the least likely cause of termination of royalty payments.
 
The Onxeo license agreement does not have a pre-determined term, but expires on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis; that is, the agreement expires with respect to a given product in a given country whenever the Company’s royalty payment obligations with respect to such product have expired. The agreement may also be terminated early for cause if either the Company or Onxeo materially breach the agreement, or if either the Company or Onxeo become insolvent. The Company may also choose to terminate the agreement, either in its entirety or as to a certain product and a certain country, by providing Onxeo with advance notice.
 
The Company plans to internally develop Validive with the near-term goal of commencing a Phase 3 clinical development program, which, if successful, may allow the Company to apply for marketing approval within the next several years. The Company will need to raise significant funds to support the further development of Validive. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had not reached any of the pre-specified milestones and has not been required to pay Onxeo any funds under this license agreement.
 
XOMA Ltd.
 
The intellectual property rights contributed by Tactic Pharma to the Company included the non-exclusive license agreement with XOMA Ltd. for the humanization technology used in the development of MNPR-101. Pursuant to such license agreement, the Company is obligated to pay XOMA Ltd. clinical, regulatory and sales milestones for MNPR-101 that could reach up to $14.925 million if the Company achieves all milestones. The agreement does not require the payment of sales royalties. There can be no assurance that the Company will reach any milestones under the XOMA agreement. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had not reached any milestones and has not been required to pay XOMA Ltd. any funds under this license agreement.
 
Note 6 - Related Party Transactions
 
In March 2017, Tactic Pharma, the Company’s largest shareholder at that time, wired $1 million to the Company in advance of the sale of the Company’s common stock at $6 per share under a private placement memorandum. In April, the Company issued to Tactic Pharma 166,667 shares in exchange for the $1 million at $6 per share once the Company began selling stock to unaffiliated parties under the private placement memorandum.
 
 
 
16
 
 
  MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
 
In August 2017, Tactic Pharma surrendered 2,888,727 shares of common stock back to the Company as a contribution to the capital of the Company. This resulted in reducing Tactic Pharma’s ownership in Monopar from 79.5% to 69.9%.
 
In August 2017, the Company executed definitive agreements with Gem Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Gem”), pursuant to which Tactic Pharma and Gem formed a limited liability company, TacticGem LLC (“TacticGem”). Tactic Pharma contributed 4,111,273 shares of its holdings in Monopar’s common stock to TacticGem and Gem contributed cash and assets to TacticGem. TacticGem then contributed cash and assets to the Company in exchange for stock. The Gem Transaction is discussed in detail in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 26, 2018. As of September 30, 2018, Tactic Pharma beneficially owned 46% of Monopar’s common stock, and TacticGem owned 77% of Monopar’s common stock.
 
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company was advised by four members of its Board of Directors, who were Managers of the LLC prior to the Company’s conversion to a C Corporation. The four former Managers are also current common stockholders (owning approximately an aggregate 3% of the common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2018). Three of the former Managers are also Managing Members of Tactic Pharma. Monopar paid Managing Members of Tactic Pharma and the Manager of CDR Pharma, LLC, which is the Manager of TacticGem the following: Chandler D. Robinson, the Company’s Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, common stockholder, Managing Member of Tactic Pharma, former Manager of the predecessor LLC, and the Manager of CDR Pharma, LLC: $107,500 and $80,500 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $322,500 and $241,500 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively; and Andrew P. Mazar, the Company’s Co-Founder, Chief Scientific Officer, common stockholder, Managing Member of Tactic Pharma and former Manager of the predecessor LLC, $101,250 and $75,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, $303,750 and $225,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company also paid Christopher M. Starr, the Company’s Co-Founder, Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors, common stockholder and former Manager of the predecessor LLC $25,224 and $25,224 in board fees for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $75,673 and $75,673 in board fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Michael Brown, as a managing member of Tactic Pharma, a previous managing member of Monopar as an LLC and shareholder and board member of Monopar as a C Corporation was paid $10,000 and $30,000 in board fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $10,000 and $20,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.
 
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company paid or accrued legal fees to a large national law firm, in which a family member of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer is a law partner, approximately $38,774 and $131,358, respectively, compared to $161,508 and $201,508 paid or accrued legal fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The family member personally billed a de minimis amount of time on the Company’s legal engagement with the law firm in these periods.
 
Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies
 
Development and Collaboration Agreements
 
Onxeo S.A.
 
The Onxeo license agreement for Validive includes clinical, regulatory, developmental and sales milestones that could reach up to $108 million if the Company achieves all milestones, and escalating royalties on net sales from 5% to 10%. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company had not reached any milestones and has not been required to pay Onxeo any funds under this license agreement.
 
 
17
 
 
MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
September 30, 2018
XOMA Ltd.
 
The intellectual property rights contributed by Tactic Pharma to the Company included the non-exclusive license agreement with XOMA Ltd. for the humanization technology used in the development of MNPR-101. Pursuant to such license agreement, the Company is obligated to pay XOMA Ltd. clinical, regulatory and sales milestones for MNPR-101 but is not required to pay royalties on product sales. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company had not reached any milestones and has not been required to pay XOMA Ltd. any funds under this license agreement.
 
 
Leases
 
Commencing January 1, 2018, the Company entered into a lease for its executive headquarters at 1000 Skokie Blvd., Suite 350, Wilmette, Illinois. The lease term is January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2019. The Company also leased office space in Seattle, Washington, from November 1, 2017 to July 31, 2018. The future lease commitments as presented below represent amounts for the Company’s lease of its executive headquarters.
 
2018 (October 1 to December 31)
 $7,559 
2019
  30,234 
Total future lease payments
 $37,793 
 
,Legal Contingencies
 
The Company is subject to claims and assessments from time to time in the ordinary course of business. No claims have been asserted to date.
 
Indemnification
 
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but that have not yet been made. To date, the Company has not paid any claims nor been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future as a result of future claims against these indemnification obligations.
 
In accordance with its amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, the Company has indemnification obligations to its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while they are serving at the Company’s request in such capacities. There have been no claims to date.
 
 
 
 
18
 
 
 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
 
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in this Quarterly Report.
 
 
Overview
 
We are a clinical biopharmaceutical company focused on developing proprietary therapeutics designed to improve clinical outcomes for cancer patients. We are building a drug development pipeline through the licensing and acquisition of oncology therapeutics in late preclinical and clinical development stages. We leverage our scientific and clinical experience to help de-risk and accelerate the clinical development of our drug product candidates.
 
We intend to begin a Phase 3 clinical development program for our lead product candidate Validive® (clonidine mucobuccal tablet; clonidine MBT), in the first half of 2019. Validive is designed to be used prophylactically to reduce the incidence, delay the time to onset, and decrease the duration of severe oral mucositis (“SOM”) in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer (“OPC”). Our mucobuccal tablet (“MBT”) formulation is a novel delivery system for clonidine that allows for prolonged and enhanced local concentrations of clonidine in the regions of mucosal radiation damage in patients with OPC. Validive has been granted fast track designation in the U.S., orphan drug designation in the EU, and has global intellectual property patent protection through mid-2029 not accounting for possible extensions.
 
SOM typically arises in the immune tissue at the back of the tongue and throat, which comprise the oropharynx, and consists of acute severe tissue damage and pain that prevents patients from swallowing, eating and drinking. Validive stimulates the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor on macrophages (white blood cells that comprise the immune tissues of the oropharynx) suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Validive exerts its effects locally in the mouth over a prolonged period of time through its unique MBT formulation. Patients who develop SOM are also at increased risk of developing late onset toxicities, including trismus (neck and throat spasms), dysphagia, and lung complications, which are often irreversible and lead to increased hospitalization and the need for further interventions sometimes years after completion of chemoradiotherapy. We believe that a reduction in the incidence and duration of SOM by Validive will have the potential for both near- and long-term clinical impact in the OPC patient population by minimizing mouth and throat pain, improving the ability to tolerate food and liquid by mouth (and avoid parenteral feeding tube placement) during chemoradiation, reducing treatment discontinuation and/or delay, leading to improved survival outcomes, and reducing long-term morbidities.
 
 
 The OPC target population for Validive is the most rapidly growing segment of head and neck cancer (“HNC”) patients. The growth in OPC is driven by the increasing prevalence of oral human papilloma virus (“HPV”) infections in the U.S. and around the world. Despite the availability of a pediatric/adolescent HPV vaccine, the rate of OPC incidence in adults is not anticipated to be impacted for many decades, due to low adoption of the vaccine to date. As a result, the incidence of HPV-driven OPC is projected to increase for many years to come and will continue to support a clinical need for Validive for the prevention of chemoradiotherapy-induced SOM in patients with OPC.
 
A pre-Phase 3 meeting with the FDA was held in May 2018. Based on the meeting discussion, a Phase 3 clinical protocol and accompanying statistical analysis plan (“SAP”) was submitted to the FDA for review and comments. Based on comments and guidance received from the FDA on the SAP, we intend to initiate a Phase 3 clinical development program in the first half of 2019 to support registration. This program will consist of an adaptive design trial with an interim analysis planned for approximately twelve months after the first patient is dosed, and a confirmatory second trial planned to commence shortly after completion of this interim analysis.
 
 
Our second product candidate, MNPR-201, is a novel doxorubicin analog that has been designed to eliminate the cardiotoxic side effects typically generated by doxorubicin and other anthracycline cancer drugs. MNPR-201 is not metabolized to the derivatives that are believed to be responsible for doxorubicin’s cardiotoxic effects but retains anti-cancer activity. A Phase 2 clinical trial for MNPR-201 has been completed in patients with unresectable or metastatic sarcoma, showing 6-month progression free survival (“PFS”) of 38%, compared to doxorubicin historical values of 23-33%. We plan to continue the development of MNPR-201 in one or more of the cancer settings for which doxorubicin is currently used as the standard of care but cumulative exposure is limited due to concerns over cardiotoxicity. The aim is to provide MNPR-201 for more cycles of administration than can be used for doxorubicin, improving efficacy.
 
In addition, we plan to advance the development of MNPR-101, a novel first-in-class humanized monoclonal antibody to the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (“uPAR”) for the treatment of advanced cancers. The IND-enabling work is nearly completed and we anticipate requesting a pre-IND meeting with the FDA once we have a clinical material manufacturer for the production of MNPR-101 clinical material.
 
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
 
Our significant accounting policies are described in detail in Note 2 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
 
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Revenue
 
We are an emerging growth company, have no approved drugs and have not generated any revenues. To date, we have engaged in acquiring pharmaceutical drug product candidates, licensing rights to drug product candidates, entering into collaboration agreements for testing and clinical development of our drug product candidates and providing the infrastructure to support the clinical development of our drug product candidates. We do not anticipate revenues from operations until we complete testing and development of one of our drug product candidates and obtain marketing approval or we sell, enter into a collaborative marketing arrangement, or out-license one of our drug product candidates to another party. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources”.
 
 
 
Research and Development Expenses
 
Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Major components of R&D expenses include salaries and benefits of R&D staff, fees paid to consultants and to the entities that conduct certain development activities on our behalf, and use materials and supplies in R&D activities.
 
We accrue and expense the costs for clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon estimates of the percentage of work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with agreements established with contract research organizations and clinical trial sites. We determine the estimates through discussions with internal clinical personnel and external service providers as to progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed upon fee to be paid for such services. Costs of setting up clinical trial sites for participation in the trials are expensed immediately as R&D expenses. Clinical trial site costs related to patient enrollment are expensed as patients are entered into the trial. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we had no clinical trials in progress.
 
The successful development of our product pipeline is highly uncertain. We cannot reliably estimate the nature, timing or costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the remainder of the development of any of our drug product candidates or the period, if any, in which material net cash inflows from our drug product candidates may commence. This is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing drug product candidates, including:
 
●
receiving less funding than we require;
●
slower than expected progress in developing Validive, MNPR-201, MNPR-101 or other drug product candidates;
●
higher than expected costs to produce our current and future drug product candidates;
●
higher than expected costs for preclinical testing of our future and current acquired and/or in-licensed programs;
●
future clinical trial costs, including an increase in the number, size, duration, or complexity of future clinical programs;
●
future clinical trial results;
●
higher than expected costs associated with attempting to obtain regulatory approvals, including without limitation additional costs caused by delays or requests for additional trials or studies;
●
higher than expected personnel or other costs, such as adding personnel;
●
higher than expected costs in pursuing the acquisition or licensing of additional assets;
●
higher than expected costs to protect our intellectual property portfolio or otherwise pursue our intellectual property strategy;
●
the potential benefits of our drug product candidates compared to other competitive therapies; and
●
our ability to market, commercialize and achieve market acceptance sufficient to provide financial returns acceptable for future requirements and returns for our investors for any of our drug product candidates that we are developing or may develop in the future.
 
A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of a drug product candidate could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that drug product candidate. We expect that R&D expenses will increase in future periods as a result of increased personnel, increased consulting, future preclinical studies and clinical trial costs, including clinical drug product manufacturing and related costs.
 
In-process Research and Development
 
In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) expenses represent the costs to acquire technologies to be used in research and development that have not reached technological feasibility, have no alternative future uses, and are thus expensed as incurred. IPR&D expense also includes upfront license fees and milestones paid to collaborators, for technologies with no alternative use.
 
General and Administrative Expenses
 
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and expenses for our executive personnel, stock-based compensation expense related to stock options issued to our executive team, legal and audit expenses, general and administrative consulting, board fees and expenses, patent legal and application fees, and facilities and related expenses. Future general and administrative expenses may also include: compensation and expenses related to the employment of additional Company level functional expertise including finance, human resources, information technology, business development, and others, depreciation and amortization of general and administrative fixed assets, investor relations and annual meeting expense, and stock-based compensation expense related to additional general and administrative personnel. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in future periods as a result of increased personnel, expanded infrastructure, increased consulting, legal, accounting and investor relations expenses associated with being a public reporting company and costs incurred to seek and establish collaborations with respect to any of our drug product candidates.
 
 
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Collaborative Arrangements
 
We and future collaborative partners would be active participants in collaborative arrangements and all parties would be exposed to significant risks and rewards depending on the development and commercial success of the activities. Contractual payments to the other parties in collaboration agreements and costs incurred by us when we are deemed to be the principal participant for a given transaction are recognized on a gross basis in research and development expenses. Royalties and license payments are recorded as earned.
 
We have a non-exclusive license with XOMA Ltd. for its humanization technology and know-how utilized in the development of MNPR-101. Under the terms of the license, we are required to pay clinical, regulatory and sales milestones for MNPR-101 which could reach up to $14.925 million if we achieve all milestones. The agreement does not require the payment of sales royalties. There can be no assurance that we will reach any milestones.
 
From inception in December 2014 through November 6, 2018, no milestones were met, therefore, we did not pay or accrue/expense any milestone payments under the XOMA Ltd. license agreement.
 
 
License Option Agreement
 
In June 2016, we executed an option and license agreement with Onxeo S.A., a French public company (“Onxeo”), which gave us the option to license Validive (clonidine mucobuccal tablet), a mucoadhesive tablet of clonidine based on the Lauriad mucoadhesive technology, to potentially treat severe oral mucositis in patients undergoing treatment for head and neck cancers. The pre-negotiated license terms, included as part of the option agreement, included clinical, regulatory, developmental and sales milestones that could reach up to $108 million if we achieve all milestones, and escalating royalties from 5% to 10% on net sales. On September 8, 2017, we exercised the option to license the exclusive world-wide rights to Validive in order to commence the clinical development of the drug product candidate in exchange for a one-time option fee payment of $1 million.
 
Under the agreement, we are required to pay royalties to Onxeo on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis until the later of (1) the date when a given product is no longer within the scope of a patent claim in the country of sale or manufacture, (2) the expiry of any extended exclusivity period in the relevant country (such as orphan drug exclusivity, pediatric exclusivity, new chemical entity exclusivity, or other exclusivity granted beyond the expiry of the relevant patent), or (3) a specific time period after the first commercial sale of the product in such country is met. In most countries, including the U.S., the patent term is generally 20 years from the earliest claimed filing date of a non-provisional patent application in the applicable country, not taking into consideration any potential patent term adjustment that may be filed in the future or any regulatory extensions that may be obtained. The royalty termination provision pursuant to (3) described above is shorter than 20 years and is the least likely cause of termination of royalty payments.
 
The Onxeo license agreement does not have a pre-determined term, but expires on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis; that is, the agreement expires with respect to a given product in a given country whenever our royalty payment obligations with respect to such product have expired. The agreement may also be terminated early for cause if either we or Onxeo materially breach the agreement, or if either we or Onxeo become insolvent. We may also choose to terminate the agreement, either in its entirety or as to a certain product and a certain country, by providing Onxeo with advance notice.
 
From the execution of the agreement through November 6, 2018, no milestones were met and no royalties were earned, therefore, we did not pay or accrue/expense any milestone or royalty payments under the Onxeo license option agreement.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
We account for stock-based compensation arrangements with employees, nonemployee directors and consultants using a fair value method, which requires the recognition of compensation expense for costs related to all stock-based payments, including stock options. The fair value method requires us to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model.
 
Stock-based compensation costs for options granted to our employees and nonemployee directors are based on the fair value of the underlying option calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the date of grant for stock options and recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Determining the appropriate fair value model and related assumptions requires judgment, including estimating the future stock price volatility, forfeiture rates and expected term. The expected volatility rates are estimated based on the current volatility of comparable public companies over a historical period of the same length as the expected term. We selected these companies based on comparable characteristics, including market capitalization, risk profiles, stage of development and with historical share price information sufficient to meet the expected term of the stock-based awards. The expected term for options granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 is estimated using the simplified method. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. We have not paid dividends and do not anticipate paying a cash dividend in the future vesting period and, accordingly, use an expected dividend yield of zero. The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities consistent with the estimated expected term of the awards. The measurement of consultant share-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustments as the underlying equity instruments vest and is recognized as an expense over the period over which services are rendered.
 
 
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Stock Option Plan
 
In April 2016, our Board and the preferred stockholders representing a majority in interest of our outstanding stock approved the Amended and Restated Monopar Therapeutics Inc. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), allowing us to grant up to an aggregate 700,000 shares of stock awards, stock options, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards to our employees, non-employee directors and consultants. In October 2017, our Board increased the stock option pool to 1,600,000 shares. Through February 2017, our Board granted to Board members, our acting chief financial officer, and our acting chief medical officer stock options to purchase up to an aggregate 555,520 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 par value based upon third party valuations of our common stock.
 
In September 2017, we granted options to purchase up to 21,024 shares of our common stock to each of the three new Board members and in November 2017, we granted options to purchase up to 40,000 shares of our common stock to an employee, these Board and employee options have an exercise price of $6 per share based on the price per share at which our common stock was sold in the our most recent private offering.
 
In January 2018, we granted options to purchase up to 32,004 shares of our common stock to our acting chief medical officer at an exercise price of $6 per share based on the price per share at which our common stock was sold in our most recent private offering. In May 2018 and August 2018, we granted options to purchase up to 5,000 shares of our common stock each to two employees at an exercise price of $6 per share based on the price per share at which common stock was sold in the Company’s most recent private offering.
 
In August 2018, the Company granted stock options to all of its non-employee Board members, the Company’s chief executive officer, chief scientific officer, and chief financial officer stock options to purchase up to an aggregate 425,300 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $6 per share based on the price per share at which common stock was sold in the Company’s most recent private offering. Such stock options commence vesting on October 1, 2018.
 
Under the Plan, the per share exercise price for the shares to be issued upon exercise of an option is determined by a committee of our Board, except that the per share exercise price cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the grant date.
 
During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recognized $29,383 and $3,612, respectively, of employee and non-employee director stock-based compensation expense as general and administrative expenses and $32,147 and $0, respectively, as research and development expenses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recognized $81,896 and $3,612, respectively, of employee and non-employee director stock-based compensation expense as general and administrative expenses and $108,873 and $0, respectively, as research and development expenses.
 
We recognize as an expense the fair value of options granted to persons who are neither employees nor non-employee directors. Stock-based compensation expense for consultants which was recorded as research and development expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $31,714 and $105,571, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense for consultants for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $40,314, of which $8,819 was recorded as general and administrative expense and $31,495 which was recorded as research and development expense; and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $238,404, of which $49,133 was recorded as general and administrative expense, and $189,271 which was recorded as research and development expense.
 
The fair value of options granted from inception to September 30, 2018 was based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model assuming the following factors: 5.3 to 6.2 year expected term, 55% to 85% volatility, 1.2% to 2.9% risk free interest rate and zero dividends. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017: the weighted average grant date fair value was $4.34 and $0.0005 per share, respectively; and the fair value of shares vested was $79,069 and nominal, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017: the weighted average grant date fair value was $4.25 and $0.0005 per share, respectively; and the fair value of shares vested was $316,263 and nominal, respectively. At September 30, 2018, the aggregate intrinsic value was approximately $3.3 million of which approximately $2.3 million was vested and approximately $1 million is expected to vest and the weighted average exercise price in aggregate was $2.93 which includes $0.66 for fully vested stock options and $4.46 for stock options expected to vest. At September 30, 2018, the unamortized unvested balance of stock based compensation was approximately $1 million to be amortized over 4.2 years.
 
 
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Stock option activity under the Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Options Outstanding
 
 
 
Options Available
 
 
Number of Options
 
 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balances, January 1, 2018
  941,408 
  658,592 
 $0.94 
Granted(1)
  (467,304)
  467,304 
  6.00 
Forfeited(2)
  40,000 
  (40,000)
  6.00 
Balances, September 30, 2018
  514,104 
  1,085,896 
  2.93 
 
(1)
32,004 options vest as follows: options to purchase up to 12,000 shares of common stock vest at grant date, options to purchase up to 1,667 shares of common stock vest on the 1st of each month thereafter. 5,000 options vest 6/48ths on grant date and 1/48th per month thereafter. 5,000 options vest 6/48ths on the six-month anniversary of grant date and 1/48th per month thereafter. 320,900 options vest 6/51 at the six-month anniversary of vesting commencing on October 1, 2018 and 1/51 per month thereafter. 104,400 options vest quarterly over 5 quarters, with vesting commencing on October 1, 2018.
 
(2)
Forfeited options resulted from an employee termination.
 
A summary of options outstanding as of September 30, 2018 is shown below:
 
 
Exercise Prices
 
 
Number of Shares Subject to Options Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
 
Number of Shares Subject to Options Fully Vested and Exercisable
 
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
 $0.001 
  555,520 
8.0 years
  389,060 
7.8 years
 $6.00 
  530,376 
9.8 years
  48,155 
9.1 years
    
  1,085,896 
 
  437,215 
 
 
No income tax benefits have been recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for stock-based compensation arrangements.
 
 
 
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Results of Operations
 
Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017
 
The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)
 
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
Variance
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
Variance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
 $- 
 $- 
 $- 
 $- 
 $- 
 $- 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses
  304 
  181 
  123 
  1,253 
  626 
  627 
In-process research and development expenses
  - 
  14,502 
  (14,502)
  - 
  14,502 
  (14,502)
General and administrative expenses
  364 
  215 
  149 
  1,151 
  738 
  413
 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Total operating expenses
  668 
  14,898 
  (14,230)
  2,404 
  15,866 
  (13,462)
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Operating loss
  (668)
  (14,898)
  14,230 
  (2,404)
  (15,866)
  13,462
 
Interest and other income
  27 
  21 
  6
 
  67 
  25 
  42 
Net loss
 $(641)
 $(14,877)
 $14,236 
 $(2,337)
 $(15,841)
 $13,504
 
 
 
 
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Research and Development (“R&D”) Expenses
 
R&D expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were approximately $304,000 and $1,253,000, respectively, compared to approximately $181,000 and $626,000, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, increases of which were approximately $123,000 and $627,000, respectively. These increases were primarily attributed to:
 
 
 
Three months ended September 30, 2018 versus three months ended September 30, 2017
 
R&D Expenses (in thousands)
 
 
 
Net increase in salaries and benefits due to CSO and VP of Clinical Development hired in November 2017, previously recorded as consultants, plus new hires in Q3 2018
 $68 
Increase in clinical materials manufactured Q3 2018 in preparation for Validive Phase 3 clinical trial
  32 
Increase in employee stock compensation for CSO and VP of Clinical Development hired in November 2017
  32 
Other, net
  (9)
Net increase in R&D expenses
 $123 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus nine months ended September 30, 2017
 
R&D Expenses (in thousands)
 
 
 
Net increase in salaries and benefits due to CSO and VP of Clinical Development hired in November 2017, previously recorded as consultants, plus new hires in Q3 2018
 $530 
Increase in employee stock compensation for CSO and VP of Clinical Development hired in November 2017
  109 
Increase in clinical materials manufactured Q3 2018 in preparation for Validive Phase 3 clinical trial
  32 
Increase in CEO’s salary allocated to R&D expenses due to increase in the CEO salary
  16 
Decrease in consultants stock compensation due to CSO’s stock options classified as employee stock compensation commencing in November 2017
  (84)
Other, net
  24 
Net increase in R&D expenses
 $627 
 
 
In-process Research and Development Expenses
 
There were no In-process Research and Development (“IPR&D”) expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. IPR&D expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 of approximately $14,502,000 represent the $1,000,000 license fee for Validive and approximately $13,502,000 representing the value of MNPR-201, including transaction costs, acquired from TacticGem in August 2017. IPR&D represents the costs of acquiring or licensing technologies that have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use.
 
 
25
 
 
 
General and Administrative Expenses
 
General and Administrative (“G&A”) expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were approximately $364,000 and $1,151,000, respectively, compared to approximately $215,000 and $738,000, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, which represent increases of approximately $149,000 and $413,000, respectively. These increases were primarily attributed to:
 
 
 
Three months ended September 30, 2018 versus three months ended September 30, 2017
 
G&A Expenses (in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase in salaries and benefits for two new hires in November 2017 and increase in CEO salary in October 2017
 $88 
Increase in legal expenses due to the public reporting company status commenced in January 2018
  24 
Increase in Board stock-based compensation (non-cash) due to new stock grants to Board members in September 2017
  14 
Increase in patent fees and tax services due to the addition of the Gem assets acquired in August 2017
  14 
Increase in employee stock-based compensation due to two new hires in November 2017
  12 
Increase in rent and telephone due to the increase in facilities space commencing in January 2018
  9 
Increase in Board fees due to compensation to three non-employee Board members commencing in September 2017
  6 
Decrease in stock-based compensation (non-cash) for consultants due to the CFO hired as employee in November 2017, previously recorded as consulting
  (9)
Decrease in consulting fees due to the CFO hired as employee in November 2017, previously recorded as consulting
  (12)
Other, net
  3 
Net increase in G&A expenses
 $149 
 
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus nine months ended September 30, 2017
 
G&A Expenses (in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase in salaries and benefits for two new hires in November 2017 and increase in CEO salary in October 2017
 $265 
Increase in Board fees due to compensation tothree non-employee Board members commencing in September 2017
  62 
Increase in Board stock-based compensation (non-cash) due to new stock grants to Board members in September 2017
  48 
Increase in audit and legal fees due to the public reporting company status commenced in January 2018
  45 
Increase in employee stock-based compensation due to two new hires in November 2017
  30 
Increase in rent and related telephone due to the increase in facilities space commencing in January 2018
  25 
Decrease in consulting fees due to the CFO hired as employee in November 2017, previously recorded as consulting
  (36)
Decrease in stock-based compensation (non-cash) for consultants due to the CFO hired as employee in November 2017, previously recorded as consulting
  (49)
Other, net
  23 
Net increase in G&A expenses
 $413 
 
 
26
 
 
 
Interest Income
 
Interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by approximately $6,000 and $42,000, respectively, due to higher bank balances resulting from funds raised in the second half of 2017. Interest income was the result of interest earned on our cash equivalent investments in a money market account and on our former escrow account.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Sources of Liquidity
 
We have incurred losses and cumulative negative cash flows from operations since our inception in December 2014 resulting in an accumulated deficit of approximately $20.8 million as of September 30, 2018. We anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. We expect that our research and development and general and administrative expenses will increase. As a result, we anticipate that we will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations. We will seek to obtain needed capital through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, strategic collaborations and grant funding. From our inception, through November 6, 2018, we have financed our operations primarily through private placements of our preferred stock and of our common stock, the $4.8 million received (net of transaction costs) related to the purchase of MNPR-201, and our Cancer Research UK collaboration. As of November 6, 2018, we have received net proceeds of approximately $4.70 million (net of issuance costs) from the sale of our preferred stock which has been converted into common stock and we have sold 789,674 shares of our common stock for net proceeds of approximately $4.71 million. We anticipate that the funds raised to-date will fund our minimal required operations through December 2019.
 
We invest our cash equivalents in a money market account.
 
Contribution to Capital
 
In August 2017, our largest stockholder, Tactic Pharma, LLC (“Tactic Pharma”), surrendered 2,888,727 shares of common stock back to us as a contribution to the capital of the Company. This resulted in reducing Tactic Pharma’s ownership in us from 79.5% to 69.9%.
 
Cash Flows
 
The following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(Unaudited)
 
   
 
  
2018
 
 
2017
 
 

Variance for nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus nine months ended September 30, 2017
 
Cash used in operating activities
 $(2,161)
 $(1,811)
 $(350)
Cash provided by financing activities
  - 
  9,526 
  (9,526)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
  (2)
  - 
  (2)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 $(2,163)
 $7,715 
 $(9,878)
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we had a net cash outflow of approximately $(2,163,000) due to operating activities compared to net cash inflow of approximately $7,715,000 due to financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
 
 
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Cash Flow Used in Operating Activities
 
The increase of approximately $350,000 to cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was primarily a result of the net changes in operating assets and liabilities.
 
Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities
 
There was no cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
 
Cash Flow Provided by Financing Activities
 
There was no cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 of approximately $9,526,000 was due to the sale of 789,674 shares of our common stock at $6 per share under a private placement memorandum, net of approximately $42,000 of issuance costs, plus cash received in the Gem transaction of $5,000,000 less approximately $169,000 of transaction costs.
 
Future Funding Requirements
 
We have not generated any revenue from product sales. We do not know when, or if, we will generate any revenue from product sales. We do not expect to generate any revenue from product sales unless and until we obtain regulatory approval of and commercialize any of our current or future drug product candidates or we out-license or sell a drug product candidate to another party. At the same time, we expect our expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing development activities, particularly as we continue the research, development, future preclinical studies and clinical trials of, and seek regulatory approval for, our current and future drug product candidates. Our goal is to list our common stock on Nasdaq or another national stock exchange and we expect to incur additional costs associated with operating as a listed public company. In addition, if we obtain regulatory approval of any of our current or future drug product candidates, we will need substantial additional funding for commercialization requirements and our continuing drug product development operations.
 
As a company, we have not completed development of any therapeutic products. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:
 
●
advance the clinical development and execute the regulatory strategy of Validive;
 
●
continue the clinical development of MNPR-201;
 
●
continue the preclinical and potentially enter clinical development of MNPR-101;
 
●
acquire and/or license additional pipeline drug product candidates and pursue the future preclinical and/or clinical development of such drug product candidates;
 
●
seek regulatory approvals for our future drug product candidates that successfully complete registration clinical trials;
 
●
establish or purchase the services of a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize any products for which we may obtain regulatory approval; and
 
●
develop our manufacturing capabilities or establish a reliable, high quality supply chain sufficient to support our clinical requirements and to provide sufficient capacity to launch and grow the sales of any product for which we have marketing approval;
 
●
add operational, financial and management information systems and other specialized expert personnel to support our drug product candidate development and planned commercialization efforts; and
 
●
develop an efficient corporate management structure including staffing or external sources for financial operations, human resources, information technology, legal, investor/public relations, compliance, risk management, facilities, and other administrative functions required for our operations or for the requirements of a public company.
 
 
 
28
 
 
We anticipate that the funds raised to-date will fund our minimal operations through at least November 2019. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our drug product candidates, and the extent to which we enter into collaborations with third parties to participate in the development and commercialization of our drug product candidates, we are unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated drug product candidate development programs. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:
 
●
the progress of regulatory interactions and clinical development of Validive;
 
●
the progress of clinical development of MNPR-201;
 
●
the progress of preclinical and clinical development of MNPR-101;
 
●
the number and characteristics of other drug product candidates that we may license, acquire or otherwise pursue;
 
●
the scope, progress, timing, cost and results of research, preclinical development and clinical trials of future drug product candidates;
 
●
the costs, timing and outcome of seeking and obtaining FDA and international regulatory approvals;
 
●
the costs associated with manufacturing/quality requirements and marketing and distribution capabilities;
 
●
our ability to maintain, expand and defend the scope of our intellectual property portfolio, including the amount and timing of any payments we may be required to make in connection with the licensing, filing, defense and enforcement of any patents or other intellectual property rights;
 
●
our need and ability to hire additional management, administrative, scientific, medical, sales and marketing, and manufacturing/quality and other specialized personnel or external expertise;
 
●
the effect of competing products or new therapies that may limit market penetration or prevent the introduction of our drug product candidates or reduce the commercial potential of our product portfolio;
 
●
our need to implement additional internal systems and infrastructure; and
 
●
the economic and other terms, timing and success of our existing collaboration and licensing arrangements and any collaboration, licensing or other arrangements into which we may enter in the future, including the timing of receipt of or payment to or from others of any milestone or royalty payments under these arrangements.
 
Expenditures are expected to increase in the fourth quarter of 2018 and in 2019 in employee compensation and consulting fees as a result of hiring additional employees and consultants to support the planning and initiation of our Validive Phase 3 clinical development program, for the preparation for listing on Nasdaq, and for adjusting employee compensation, as needed, to be competitive with comparable public companies. There can be no assurance that any such events will occur. We intend to continue evaluating drug product candidates for the purpose of growing our pipeline. Identifying and securing high quality compounds usually takes time; however, our spending could be significantly accelerated in the fourth quarter of 2018 and in 2019 if additional drug product candidates are acquired and enter clinical development. In this event, we may be required to expand our management team, and pay much higher insurance rates, contract manufacturing costs, contract research organization fees or other clinical development costs that are not currently anticipated. We, under this scenario, plan to pursue raising additional capital in the next 12 months. The anticipated operating cost increases from 2018 through 2019 are expected to be primarily driven by the funding of our planned Validive Phase 3 clinical development program.
 
Until we can generate a sufficient amount of product revenue to finance our cash requirements, we expect to finance our future cash needs primarily through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, strategic collaborations and grant funding. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our current stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect our current stockholders’ rights. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through marketing and distribution arrangements or other collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with other parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or drug product candidates or grant licenses on terms that will reduce the returns available to us and affect our future operating flexibility. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our pipeline product development or commercialization efforts or grant rights to others to develop and market drug product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.
 
 
29
 
 
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
 
Development and Collaboration Agreements
 
Onxeo S.A.
 
In June 2016, we executed an agreement with Onxeo, which gave us the exclusive option to license (on a world-wide exclusive basis) Validive (clonidine mucobuccal tablet; clonidine MBT a mucoadhesive tablet of clonidine based on the Lauriad mucoadhesive technology) to pursue treating severe oral mucositis in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer. The agreement includes clinical, regulatory, developmental and sales milestones that could total $108 million if we achieve all milestones, and escalating royalties from 5% to 10% on net sales. In September 2017, we exercised the option to license Validive from Onxeo for $1 million, but as of November 6, 2018, we have not been required to pay Onxeo any other funds under the agreement. We anticipate the need to raise significant funds to support the completion of clinical development and marketing approval of Validive.
 
Under the agreement, we are required to pay royalties to Onxeo on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis until the later of (1) the date when a given product is no longer within the scope of a patent claim in the country of sale or manufacture, (2) the expiry of any extended exclusivity period in the relevant country (such as orphan drug exclusivity, pediatric exclusivity, new chemical entity exclusivity, or other exclusivity granted beyond the expiry of the relevant patent), or (3) a specific time period after the first commercial sale of the product in such country. In most countries, including the U.S., the patent term is generally 20 years from the earliest claimed filing date of a non-provisional patent application in the applicable country, not taking into consideration any potential patent term adjustment that may be filed in the future or any regulatory extensions that may be obtained. The royalty termination provision pursuant to (3) described above is shorter than 20 years and is the least likely cause of termination of royalty payments.
 
The Onxeo license agreement does not have a pre-determined term, but expires on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis; that is, the agreement expires with respect to a given product in a given country whenever our royalty payment obligations with respect to such product have expired. The agreement may also be terminated early for cause if either we or Onxeo materially breach the agreement, or if either we or Onxeo become insolvent. We may also choose to terminate the agreement, either in its entirety or as to a certain product and a certain country, by providing Onxeo with advance notice.
 
XOMA Ltd.
 
The intellectual property rights contributed by Tactic Pharma to us included the non-exclusive license agreement with XOMA Ltd. for the humanization technology used in the development of MNPR-101. Pursuant to such license agreement, we are obligated to pay XOMA Ltd. clinical, regulatory and sales milestones which could total $14.925 million if we achieve all milestones for MNPR-101 The agreement does not require the payment of sales royalties. There can be no assurance that we will achieve any milestones. As of November 6, 2018, we had not reached any milestones and had not been required to pay XOMA Ltd. any funds under this license agreement.
 
Service Providers
 
In the normal course of business, we contract with service providers to assist in the performance of research and development, financial strategy, audit, tax and legal support. We can elect to discontinue the work under these agreements at any time. We could also enter into collaborative research, contract research, manufacturing and supplier agreements in the future, which usually require upfront payments and/or long-term commitments of cash.
 
Office Lease
 
Effective January 1, 2018, we leased office space in the Village of Wilmette, Illinois for $2,519.50 per month for 24 months. This office space houses our current headquarters. The Company also leased office space in Seattle, Washington from November 1, 2017 to July 31, 2018.
 
Legal Contingencies
 
We are not a party to any material legal proceedings.
 
Indemnification
 
In the normal course of business, we enter into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification. Our exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against us in the future, but that have not yet been made. To date, we have not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to our indemnification obligations. However, we may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations.
 
In accordance with our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws we have indemnification obligations to our officers and Board members for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while they are serving at our request in such capacity. There have been no claims to date.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
To date, we have not had any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rules.
 
 
30
 
 
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
 
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have provided certifications filed as Exhibits 31.1 and 32.1, and 31.2, respectively. Such certifications should be read in conjunction with the information contained in this Item 4 for a more complete understanding of the matters covered by those certifications.
 
(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2018, pursuant to Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of such date, were effective.
 
(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
We have concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements and other financial information included in this Quarterly Report fairly present in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as of, and for, the periods presented.
 
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
31
 
 
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
 
We are not party to any material legal proceedings.
 
 
Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
Set forth below is information regarding options granted by us in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, that were not registered under the Securities Act. Also included is the consideration, if any, received by us, for such options and information relating to the Securities Act, or rule of the SEC, under which exemption from registration was claimed. No underwriters were involved in this issuance of securities. Below this description of recent sales of unregistered securities and stock option grants is a description of the exemptions from registration which were applicable to each sale or grant.
 
On January 1, 2018, we granted stock options for the purchase of up to 32,004 shares of our common stock to Dr. Patrice Rioux in exchange for services as our acting Chief Medical Officer. The exercise price of the option was $6.00 per share and the options expire on December 31, 2027.
 
On May 21, 2018, we granted stock options for the purchase of up to 5,000 shares of our common stock to an employee representing a new-hire stock option. The exercise price of the option was $6.00 per share and the options expire on May 20, 2028.
 
On August 6, 2018, we granted stock options for the purchase of up to 5,000 shares of our common stock to an employee representing a new-hire stock option. The exercise price of the option was $6.00 per share and the options expire on August 5, 2028.
 
On August 28, 2018, we granted stock options for the purchase in aggregate of up to 104,400 shares of our common stock to our four non-employee Board members in exchange for their services. The exercise price of the option was $6.00 per share and the options expire on August 27, 2028.
 
On August 28, 2018, we granted stock options for the purchase of up to 145,500 shares of our common stock to our Chief Executive Officer in exchange for his services. The exercise price of the option was $6.00 per share and the options expire on August 27, 2028.
 
On August 28, 2018, we granted stock options for the purchase of up to 134,300 shares of our common stock to our Chief Scientific Officer in exchange for his services. The exercise price of the option was $6.00 per share and the options expire on August 27, 2028.
 
On August 28, 2018, we granted stock options for the purchase of up to 41,100 shares of our common stock to our Chief Financial Officer in exchange for her services. The exercise price of the option was $6.00 per share and the options expire on August 27, 2028.
 
The issuance of the securities described in above were deemed to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on both Section 4(a)(2) of the Act and Rule 701 in that the transactions were under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation as provided under Rule 701. The recipients of such securities was our bona fide consultant and our employee and received the securities under our Plan. Appropriate legends were affixed to the securities issued in these transactions. The recipient of securities in this transaction had adequate access, through employment, business or other relationships, to information about us and had knowledge and experience to make the decision to accept the stock options.
 
 
 
32
 
 
 
Item 6. Exhibits
 
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report.
 
 
Exhibit
 
Document
Incorporated by Reference From:
  3.1 
Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  3.2 
Amended and Restated Bylaws
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.1*
Clinical Trial and Option Agreement with Cancer Research UK
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.2*
License Agreement with XOMA Ltd.
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.3*
Option and License Agreement with Onxeo S.A.
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.4*
Contribution Agreement (351) – Containing Registration Rights Agreement with TacticGem
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.5 
Amended and Restated 2016 Stock Incentive Plan
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.6 
Employment Agreement of Chandler D. Robinson – terminated October 31, 2017
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.7 
Employment Agreement of Chandler D. Robinson – effective November 1, 2017
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.8 
Consulting Agreement of Kim Tsuchimoto – terminated October 31, 2017
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.9 
Employment Agreement of Kim Tsuchimoto – effective November 1, 2017
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.10 
Consulting Agreement of Andrew P. Mazar – terminated October 31, 2017
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.11 
Employment Agreement of Andrew P. Mazar – effective November 1, 2017
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.12 
Consulting Agreement of pRx Consulting (Patrice Rioux) – terminated December 31, 2017
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.13 
Employment Agreement of Kirsten Anderson
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.14 
Consulting Agreement of pRx Consulting (Patrice Rioux) - effective January 1, 2018
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.15 
Amendment One to Employment Agreement of Kim Tsuchimoto – effective March 1, 2018
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  10.16 
Cancer Research UK Letter Dated March 21, 2018
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  11 
Statement Regarding Computation of Per Share Earnings
Form 10-K filed on March 26, 2018
  31.1 
Filed herewith
  31.2 
Filed herewith
  32.1 
Filed herewith
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
 
 
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
 
 
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
 
 
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
 
 
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
 
 
*Confidential information has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission on exhibits marked with (*). Confidential treatment has been approved with respect to the omitted information, pursuant to an Order dated January 8, 2018.
 
 
33
 
 
 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
  MONOPAR THERAPEUTICS INC.
 
 


 
 
 
 
 
Dated: November 9, 2018
By:  
/s/  Chandler D. Robinson
 
 
 
      Chandler D. Robinson
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dated: November 9, 2018
By:  
/s/  Kim R. Tsuchimoto
 
 
 
     Kim R. Tsuchimoto
 
 
 
     Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)  
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
34
 EX-31.1 2 exhibit_31-1.htm CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) CERTIFICATIONS SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLY ACT OF 2002 Blueprint
 
Exhibit 31.1
 
CERTIFICATION
 
I, Chandler D. Robinson, certify that:
 
1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Monopar Therapeutics Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:
a)
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)
designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)
evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
Date: November 9, 2018
 
/s/  Chandler D. Robinson
 
Chandler D. Robinson
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 

 EX-31.2 3 exhibit_31-2.htm CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) CERTIFICATIONS SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLY ACT OF 2002 Blueprint
 
Exhibit 31.2
 
CERTIFICATION
 
I, Kim R. Tsuchimoto, certify that:
 
1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Monopar Therapeutics Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:
a)
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)
designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)
evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
Date: November 9, 2018
 
/s/  Kim R. Tsuchimoto
 
Kim R. Tsuchimoto
 
Chief Financial Officer
 

 EX-32.1 4 exhibit_32-1.htm CERTIFICATE PURSUANT TO SECTION 18 U.S.C. PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Blueprint
 
 
Exhibit 32.1
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Monopar Therapeutics Inc. (the Company) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), we, Chandler D. Robinson, and Kim R. Tsuchimoto, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1)
the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)
the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
 
 
/s/  Chandler D. Robinson
 
Chandler D. Robinson
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
November 9, 2018
 
 
 
/s/ Kim R. Tsuchimoto
 
Kim R. Tsuchimoto
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
November 9, 2018
 
 
 
  
This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Monopar Therapeutics Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
 
 
 
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Document and Entity Information - shares
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Sep. 30, 2018
Nov. 09, 2018
Document And Entity Information    
Entity Registrant Name Monopar Therapeutics  
Entity Central Index Key 0001645469  
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Period End Date Sep. 30, 2018  
Amendment Flag false  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
Is Entity's Reporting Status Current? Yes  
Entity Filer Category Non-accelerated Filer  
Entity Emerging Growth Company true  
Entity Ex Transition Period false  
Entity Small Business true  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   9,291,421
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q3  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2018  
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Balance Sheet - USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 7,618,265 $ 8,981,894
Other current assets 269,512 149,342
Total current assets 7,887,777 9,131,236
Restricted cash 0 800,031
Total assets 7,887,777 9,931,267
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 311,893 311,867
Total current liabilities 311,893 311,867
Total liabilities 311,893 311,867
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders' equity:    
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Additional paid-in capital 28,334,229 28,037,889
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (2,385) 0
Accumulated deficit (20,765,251) (18,427,780)
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Dec. 31, 2017
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Sep. 30, 2017
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Sep. 30, 2017
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Other income:        
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Other comprehensive income:        
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Net loss per share:        
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Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
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Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net    
Other current assets (120,170) 12,777
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 26 273,427
Net cash used in operating activities (2,161,275) (1,811,447)
Cash flows from financing activities:    
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Cash received from Gem, net of transaction costs 0 4,830,742
Net cash provided by financing activities 0 9,526,388
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (2,385) 0
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Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 9,781,925 2,873,004
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1. Nature of Business and Liquidity
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Nature of Business and Liquidity

Nature of Business

 

Monopar Therapeutics Inc. (“Monopar” or the ”Company”) is an emerging biopharmaceutical company focused on developing innovative drugs and drug combinations to improve clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Monopar currently has three compounds in development: Validive® (clonidine mucobuccal tablet; clonidine MBT), a Phase 3-ready, first-in-class mucoadhesive buccal anti-inflammatory tablet for the prevention and treatment of radiation induced severe oral mucositis (“SOM”) in oropharyngeal cancer patients; MNPR-201 (GPX-150; 5-imino-13-deoxydoxorubicin), a proprietary Phase 2 clinical stage topoisomerase II-alpha targeted analog of doxorubicin engineered specifically to retain anticancer activity while minimizing toxic effects on the heart; and MNPR-101 (formerly huATN-658), a pre-IND stage humanized monoclonal antibody, which targets the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (“uPAR”), for the treatment of advanced solid cancers.

 

The Company was originally formed in the State of Delaware on December 5, 2014 as a limited liability company (“LLC”) and on December 16, 2015 converted to a C Corporation in a tax-free exchange at which time the Company effected a 1 for 10 reverse stock split. All references to preferred stock and common stock authorized take into account the 1 for 10 reverse stock split. In March 2017, the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock and Series Z Preferred Stock converted into common stock at a conversion rate of 1.2 for 1 and 1 for 1, respectively, which eliminated all shares of Series A Preferred Stock and Series Z Preferred Stock along with a concurrent common stock split of 70 for 1. All references to common stock authorized, issued and outstanding and common stock options take into account the 70 for 1 stock split.

 

Liquidity

 

The Company has incurred an accumulated loss of approximately $20.8 million as of September 30, 2018. To date, the Company has primarily funded its operations with the net proceeds from private placements of convertible preferred stock and of common stock and from the cash provided in the MNPR-201 asset purchase transaction. Management believes that currently available resources will provide sufficient funds to enable the Company to meet its minimum obligations through November 2019. The Company’s ability to fund its future operations, including the clinical development of Validive, is dependent primarily upon its ability to execute on its business strategy and obtain additional funding and/or execute collaboration research transactions. There can be no certainty that future financing or collaborative research transactions will occur.
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2. Significant Accounting Policies
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

 

These condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial results of Monopar Therapeutics Inc., its French branch, its wholly-owned French subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics, SARL, and its wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics Pty Ltd and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and include all disclosures required by GAAP for interim financial information. All intercompany accounts have been eliminated. The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements are set out below and have been consistently applied in all periods presented. The Company has been primarily involved in performing research activities, developing product technologies, and raising capital to support and expand these activities.

 

Certain reclassifications have been made to the Company’s financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 to conform to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 presentation. The reclassifications had no impact on the Company’s net loss, total assets, or stockholders’ equity.

 

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal, recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and the Company’s condensed consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The condensed consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative

 

of the consolidated results of operations or cash flows which may be reported for the remainder of 2018 or for any future period. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 26, 2018.

 

Functional Currency

 

The Company's consolidated functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. The Company's Australian subsidiary and French subsidiary use the Australian Dollar and European Euro, respectively, as their functional currency. At each quarter end, each foreign subsidiary's balance sheets are translated into U.S. dollars based upon the quarter-end exchange rate, while their statements of operations and comprehensive loss are translated into U.S. dollars based upon an average exchange rate during the period.

 

Comprehensive Loss

 

Comprehensive loss represents net loss plus any gains or losses not reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, such as foreign currency translations gains and losses that are typically reflected on a Company’s condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Going Concern Assessment

 

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued to provide guidance on determining when and how reporting companies must disclose going-concern uncertainties in their financial statements. The ASU requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity’s financial statements (or within one year after the date on which the financial statements are available to be issued, when applicable). Further, a company must provide certain disclosures if there is “substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.” In October 2018, the Company analyzed its minimum cash requirements through December 2019 and has determined that, based upon the Company’s current available cash, the Company has no substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.

 

Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consist entirely of money market accounts.

 

Restricted Cash

 

On July 9, 2015, the Company entered into a Clinical Trial and Option Agreement (“CTOA”) with Cancer Research UK. Pursuant to the CTOA, the Company deposited $0.8 million into an escrow account to cover certain future indemnities, claims or potential termination costs incurred by Cancer Research UK. Restricted cash was $0 as of September 30, 2018 and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2017. In connection with a portfolio reprioritization review, on March 21, 2018, Cancer Research UK notified us that it was terminating the CTOA and would work to transfer to us the data generated under the CTOA.These funds were released from escrow in September 2018 and were deposited into a money market account and reclassified as cash equivalents.

 

Prepaid Expenses

 

Prepayments are expenditures for goods or services before the goods are used or the services are received and are charged to operations as the benefits are realized. Prepaid expenses include insurance premiums and software costs that are expensed monthly over the life of the contract.

 

Concentration of Credit Risk

 

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2018, the Company maintained cash and cash equivalents at one financial institution. As of December 31, 2017, the Company maintained cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances at two financial institutions. Balances at each financial institution for both periods presented were in excess of the $250,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurable limit.

 

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

For financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, deferred offering costs, accounts payable and accrued expenses, the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of fair value due to their relatively short maturities.

 

The Company adopted Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, as amended, addressing the measurement of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities. Under this standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

 

In determining fair values of all reported assets and liabilities that represent financial instruments, the Company uses the carrying market values of such amounts. The standard establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing an asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

 

Level 1 - instrument valuations are obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets.

 

Level 2 - instrument valuations are obtained from readily-available pricing sources for comparable instruments.

 

Level 3 - instrument valuations are obtained without observable market values and require a high-level of judgment to determine the fair value.

 

Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each reporting period. There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017. The following table presents the assets and liabilities recorded that are reported at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis.

 

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

 

September 30, 2018   Level 1     Level 2     Total  
Assets                  
Cash equivalents(1)   $ 7,548,417     $ -     $ 7,548,417  
Total   $ 7,548,417     $ -     $ 7,548,417  

 

(1) Cash equivalents represent the fair value of the Company’s investments in a money market account at September 30, 2018.

 

 

December 31, 2017   Level 1     Level 2     Total  
Assets                  
Cash equivalents(1)   $ 8,864,288     $ -     $ 8,864,288  
Restricted cash(2)     31       800,000       800,031  
Total   $ 8,864,319     $ 800,000     $ 9,664,319  

 

(1) Cash equivalents represent the fair value of the Company’s investments in a money market account at December 31, 2017.

 

(2) Restricted cash represents the fair value of the Company’s investments in an $800,000 certificate of deposit and $31 in a money market account at December 31, 2017.

 

Net Loss per Share

 

Net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding and potential shares of common stock during the period. As of September 30, 2018, potentially dilutive securities included stock options to purchase up to 1,085,896 shares of the Company’s common stock. As of September 30, 2017, potentially dilutive securities included stock options to purchase up to 618,592 shares of the Company’s common stock. For all periods presented, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of fully diluted net loss per share as their effect is anti-dilutive.

 

Research and Development Expenses

 

Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Major components of R&D expenses include salaries and benefits paid to the Company’s R&D staff, fees paid to consultants and to the entities that conduct certain R&D activities on the Company’s behalf and materials and supplies which are used in R&D activities.

 

The Company accrues and expenses the costs for clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon estimates of the percentage of work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with agreements established with contract research organizations and clinical trial sites. The Company determines the estimates through discussions with internal clinical personnel and external service providers as to progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed upon fee to be paid for such services. Costs of setting up clinical trial sites for participation in the trials are expensed immediately as R&D expenses. Clinical trial site costs related to patient enrollment are accrued as patients are entered into the trial. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company had no clinical trials in progress.

 

In-process Research and Development

 

In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) expenses represent the costs to acquire technologies to be used in research and development that have not reached technological feasibility, have no alternative future uses and thus are expensed as incurred. IPR&D expense also includes upfront license fees and milestones paid to collaborators, for technologies with no alternative use.

  

Collaborative Arrangements

 

The Company and its future collaborative partners would be active participants in collaborative arrangements and all parties would be exposed to significant risks and rewards depending on the technical and commercial success of the activities. Contractual payments to the other parties in collaboration agreements and costs incurred by the Company when the Company is deemed to be the principal participant for a given transaction are recognized on a gross basis in R&D expenses. Royalties and license payments are recorded as earned.

 

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, no milestones were met and no royalties were earned, therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any milestone or royalty payments.

 

Licensing Agreements

 

The Company has various agreements to license technology utilized in the development of its programs. The licenses contain success milestone obligations and royalties on future sales. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, no milestones were met and no royalties were earned, therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any milestone or royalty payments under any of its license agreements.

 

Patent Costs

 

The Company expenses costs relating to issued patents and patent applications, including costs relating to legal, renewal and application fees, as a component of general and administrative expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

 

Income Taxes

 

From December 2014 to December 16, 2015, the Company was an LLC taxed as a partnership under the Internal Revenue Code, during which period the members separately accounted for their pro-rata share of income, deductions, losses, and credits of the Company. On December 16, 2015, the Company converted from an LLC to a C Corporation. On December 16, 2015, the Company began using an asset and liability approach for accounting for deferred income taxes, which requires recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements, but have not been reflected in its taxable income. Estimates and judgments are required in the calculation of certain tax liabilities and in the determination of the recoverability of certain deferred income tax assets, which arise from temporary differences and carry forwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled.

 

The Company regularly assesses the likelihood that its deferred income tax assets will be realized from recoverable income taxes or recovered from future taxable income. To the extent that the Company believes any amounts are more likely than not to be realized, the Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred income tax assets. In the event the Company determines that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. Similarly, if the Company subsequently realizes deferred income tax assets that were previously determined to be unrealizable are now realizable, the respective valuation allowance would be reversed, resulting in an adjustment to earnings in the period such determination is made.

 

Internal Revenue Code Section 382 provides that, after an ownership change, the amount of a loss corporation’s net operating loss (“NOL”) for any post-change year that may be offset by pre-change losses shall not exceed the section 382 limitation for that year. Because the Company will continue to raise equity in the coming years, section 382 may limit the Company’s usage of NOLs in the future.

  

Based on the available evidence, the Company believed it was not likely to utilize its minimal deferred tax assets in the future and as a result, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company intends to maintain the valuation allowance until sufficient evidence exists to support their reversal. The Company regularly reviews its tax positions and for a tax benefit to be recognized, the related tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. Any amount recognized is generally the largest benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon settlement. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as an income tax expense. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not have any interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits.

 

The Company is subject to U.S. Federal, Illinois and California income taxes. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. The Company was incorporated on December 16, 2015 and is subject to U.S. Federal, state and local tax examinations by tax authorities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and for the short tax period December 16, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to its current uncertain tax positions through September 30, 2018. The Company filed its tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2017 prior to the filing deadlines in all jurisdictions.

 

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 was enacted. The Tax Reform Bill was effective as of January 1, 2018. In accordance with ASC guidance, deferred tax assets/liabilities in the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, were reflected at the tax rate in which the deferred tax assets/liabilities are anticipated to be realized. As a result, the Company changed the tax rate for tax provision purposes at December 31, 2017 from 34% to 21%.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements with employees, nonemployee directors and consultants using a fair value method, which requires the recognition of compensation expense for costs related to all stock-based payments, including stock options. The fair value method requires the Company to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model.

 

Stock-based compensation costs for options granted to employees and nonemployee directors are based on the fair value of the underlying option calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the date of grant for stock options and recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Determining the appropriate fair value model and related assumptions requires judgment, including estimating the future stock price volatility, forfeiture rates and expected term. The expected volatility rates are estimated based on the current volatility of comparable public companies over the expected term. The Company selected these companies based on comparable characteristics, including market capitalization, stage of development and with historical share price information sufficient to meet the expected term of the stock-based awards. The expected term for options granted to date is estimated using the simplified method. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company has not paid dividends and does not anticipate paying a cash dividend in the future vesting period and, accordingly, uses an expected dividend yield of zero. The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities consistent with the estimated expected term of the awards. The measurement of consultant share-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustments as the underlying equity instruments vest and is recognized as an expense over the period over which services are rendered.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The purpose is to enhance the reporting model for financial instruments to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information. The Company has adopted this ASU and determined that it does not have a material effect on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

  

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which has been amended by ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which for operating leases, requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in its balance sheet. The standard also requires a lessee to recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

 

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU No. 2017-01”). The amendments in ASU No. 2017-01 clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill and consolidation. For public companies, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. For all other companies and organizations, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has adopted this ASU and determined it does not have a material impact on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

 

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. The amendment amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements, provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company has adopted this ASU and determined that it does not have a material effect on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

 

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. This ASU simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features, a provision in an equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded feature) that provides a downward adjustment of the current exercise price based on the price of future equity offerings. Down round features are common in warrants, convertible preferred shares, and convertible debt instruments issued by private companies and development-stage public companies. This new ASU requires companies to disregard the down round feature when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to its own stock, for purposes of determining liability or equity classification. The provisions of this new ASU related to down rounds are effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

 

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, that clarifies the guidance in ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10). For public business entities, ASU 2018-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2018. Public business entities with fiscal years beginning between December 15, 2017, and June 15, 2018, are not required to adopt ASU 2018-03 until the interim period beginning after June 15, 2018. The Company has early adopted this ASU and determined that it does not have a material effect on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

  

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. This ASU amends certain SEC material on Topic 740 for the income tax accounting implications of the recently issued Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. ASU 2018-05 is effective upon inclusion in the FASB Codification. The Company has adopted this ASU and determined it does not have a material impact on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

 

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The ASU is intended to reduce the cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for nonemployee share-based payments. The ASU expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees will be substantially aligned. The ASU supersedes Subtopic 505-50, Equity—Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. For all other companies, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than a company’s adoption date of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

 

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The ASU modifies, and in certain cases eliminates, the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. The amendments in ASU No. 2018-13 are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. An entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of ASU No. 2018-13 and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.
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3. Capital Stock
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Capital Stock

On December 16, 2015, the Company converted from an LLC to a C Corporation at which time the Company effected a 1 for 10 reverse stock split. All references to preferred stock and common stock authorized take into account the 1 for 10 reverse stock split. In March 2017, the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock and Series Z Preferred Stock converted to common stock at a conversion rate of 1.2 for 1 and 1 for 1, respectively, along with a simultaneous common stock split of 70 for 1 and the elimination all shares of Series A Preferred Stock and Series Z Preferred Stock (collectively, the “Conversion”). 100,000 shares of Series Z Preferred Stock were converted into 7,000,000 shares of common stock and 15,894 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were converted into 1,335,079 shares of common stock. All references to common stock authorized, issued and outstanding and common stock options take into account the 70 for 1 stock split.

 

Holders of the common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. Upon dissolution and liquidation of the Company, holders of the common stock are entitled to a ratable share of the net assets of the Company remaining after payments to creditors of the Company. The holders of shares of common stock are entitled to one vote per share for the election of directors and on all other matters submitted to a vote of stockholders.

 

The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the Company to issue 40,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share.

 

Contribution to Capital

 

In August 2017, the Company’s largest stockholder, Tactic Pharma, LLC (“Tactic Pharma”), surrendered 2,888,727 shares of common stock back to the Company as a contribution to the capital of the Company. This resulted in reducing Tactic Pharma’s ownership in Monopar from 79.5% to 69.9%.

 

Sales of Common Stock

 

Pursuant to an active private placement memorandum, during the period from July 1, 2017 through September 30, 2017, Monopar sold 448,834 shares of common stock at $6 per share for proceeds of approximately $2.7 million. This financing closed on September 30, 2017.

 

Issuance of Common Stock

 

In August 2017, the Company issued 3,055,394 shares of its common stock in exchange for cash and intellectual property related to MNPR-201.

 

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had 9,291,421 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. The Company no longer has any shares of preferred stock authorized or outstanding.

 

In April 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Stock Incentive Plan and the Company’s Board of Directors reserved 700,000 shares of common stock for issuances under the plan (as adjusted subsequent to the Conversion). In October 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors increased the stock option pool to 1,600,000 shares of common stock.

 
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4. Stock Option Plan
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Stock Option Plan

In April 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors and the convertible preferred stockholders representing a majority of the Company’s outstanding stock approved, the Monopar Therapeutics Inc. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) allowing the Company to grant up to an aggregate 700,000 shares of stock awards, stock options, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards to employees, directors and consultants. Concurrently, the Board of Directors granted to certain Board members and the Company’s acting chief financial officer stock options to purchase up to an aggregate 273,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 par value based upon a third-party valuation of the Company’s common stock.

 

In December 2016, the Board of Directors granted to the Company’s acting chief medical officer stock options to purchase up to 7,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 par value based upon a third-party valuation of the Company’s common stock.

 

In February 2017, the Board of Directors granted to certain Board members and to the Company’s acting chief financial officer stock options to purchase up to an aggregate 275,520 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 par value based upon a third-party valuation of the Company’s common stock. In September 2017, the Board of Directors represented by the designated Plan Administrator, granted options to purchase up to 21,024 shares of common stock to each of the three new Board members and in November 2017, the Company granted options to purchase up to 40,000 shares of common stock to an employee. These Board and employee options have an exercise price of $6 per share based on the price per share at which common stock was sold in the Company’s most recent private offering.

  

In January 2018, the Company granted options to purchase up to 32,004 shares of common stock to its acting chief medical officer, at an exercise price of $6 per share based on the price per share at which common stock was sold in the Company’s most recent private offering. In May 2018 and August 2018, the Company granted options to two employees to each purchase up to 5,000 shares of common stock, at an exercise price of $6 per share based on the price per share at which common stock was sold in the Company’s most recent private offering. Also in August 2018, the Company granted stock options to all of its non-employee Board members, the Company’s chief executive officer, chief scientific officer, and chief financial officer to purchase up to an aggregate 425,300 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $6 per share based on the price per share at which common stock was sold in the Company’s most recent private offering. Vesting of such options commenced on October 1, 2018.

 

Under the Plan, the per share exercise price for the shares to be issued upon exercise of an option shall be determined by the Plan administrator, except that the per share exercise price shall be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the grant date. Fair market value is established by the Company’s Board of Directors, using third party valuation reports and recent financings. Options generally expire after ten years.

 

Stock option activity under the Plan was as follows:

 

          Options Outstanding  
    Options Available     Number of Options     Weighted-Average Exercise Price  
Balances at January 1, 2017     420,000       280,000     $ 0.001  
Option pool increase(1)     900,000       —       —  
Granted(2)     (378,592 )     378,592       1.63  
Forfeited     —       —       —  
Exercised     —       —       —  
Balances at December 31, 2017     941,408       658,592       0.94  
Granted(3)     (467,304 )     467,304       6.00  
Forfeited(4)     40,000       (40,000 )     6.00  
Exercised     —       —       —  
Balances at September 30, 2018     514,104       1,085,896       2.93  

 

(1) In October 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors increased the option pool from 700,000 to 1,600,000 shares.

 

(2) 336,544 options vest 6/48ths at the six-month anniversary of grant date and 1/48th per month thereafter; 21,024 options vest 6/24ths on the six-month anniversary of grant date and 1/24th per month thereafter; and 21,024 options vest 6/42nds on the six-month anniversary of grant date and 1/42nd per month thereafter.

 

(3) 32,004 options vest as follows: options to purchase up to 12,000 shares of common stock vest on the grant date, options to purchase up to 1,667 shares of common stock vest on the 1st of each month thereafter. 5,000 options vest 6/48ths on the grant date and 1/48th per month thereafter. 5,000 options vest 6/48ths on the six-month anniversary of grant date and 1/48th per month thereafter. 320,900 options vest 6/51 at the six-month anniversary of vesting commencement date and 1/51 per month thereafter, with vesting commencing on October 1, 2018. 104,400 options vest quarterly over 5 quarters, with the first quarter commencing October 1, 2018.

 

(4) Forfeited options resulted from an employee termination.

 

A summary of options outstanding as of September 30, 2018 is shown below:

 

  Exercise Prices     Number of Shares Subject to Options Outstanding  

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term

   Number of Shares Subject to Options Fully Vested and Exercisable  

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term

  $ 0.001       555,520    8.0 years     389,060   7.8 years
  $ 6.00       530,376    9.8 years     48,155   9.1 years
          1,085,896        437,217     

 

During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $29,383 and $3,612, respectively, of employee and non-employee director stock-based compensation expense as general and administrative expenses and $32,147 and $0, respectively, as R&D expenses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $81,896 and $3,612, respectively, of employee and non-employee director stock-based compensation expense as general and administrative expenses and $108,873 and $0, respectively, as R&D expenses. The compensation expense is allocated on a departmental basis, based on the classification of the option holder. No income tax benefits have been recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for stock-based compensation arrangements.

 

The Company recognizes as an expense the fair value of options granted to persons who are neither employees nor non-employee directors. Stock-based compensation expense for consultants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $31,714 and $105,571, respectively, which was recorded as R&D expenses. Stock-based compensation expense for consultants for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $40,314, of which $8,819 was recorded as general and administrative expenses, and $31,495 was recorded as R&D expenses; and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $238,404, of which $49,133 was recorded as general and administrative expenses, and $189,271 was recorded as R&D expenses.

 

The fair value of options granted from inception to September 30, 2018 was based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model assuming the following factors: 5.3 to 6.2 years expected term, 55% to 85% volatility, 1.2% to 2.9% risk free interest rate and zero dividends. The expected term for options granted to date is estimated using the simplified method. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017: the weighted average grant date fair value was $4.34 and $0.0005 per share, respectively; and the fair value of shares vested was $79,069 and nominal, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017: the weighted average grant date fair value was $4.25 and $0.0005 per share, respectively; and the fair value of shares vested was $316,263 and nominal, respectively. At September 30, 2018, the aggregate intrinsic value was approximately $3.3 million of which approximately $2.3 million was vested and approximately $1 million is expected to vest and the weighted average exercise price in aggregate was $2.93 which includes $0.66 for fully vested stock options and $4.46 for stock options expected to vest. At September 30, 2018, the unamortized unvested balance of stock based compensation was approximately $1 million to be amortized over 4.2 years.
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5. Development and Collaboration Agreements
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Development And Collaboration Agreements  
Development and Collaboration Agreements

Onxeo S.A.

 

In June 2016, the Company executed an option and license agreement with Onxeo S.A. (“Onxeo”), a public French company, which gave Monopar the exclusive option to license (on a world-wide exclusive basis) Validive to pursue treating severe oral mucositis in patients undergoing chemoradiation treatment for head and neck cancers. The pre-negotiated Onxeo license agreement for Validive as part of the option agreement includes clinical, regulatory, developmental and sales milestones that could reach up to $108 million if the Company achieves all milestones, and escalating royalties on net sales from 5 - 10%. On September 8, 2017, the Company exercised the license option, and therefore paid Onxeo the $1 million fee under the option and license agreement.

 

Under the agreement, the Company is required to pay royalties to Onxeo on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis until the later of (1) the date when a given product is no longer within the scope of a patent claim in the country of sale or manufacture, (2) the expiry of any extended exclusivity period in the relevant country (such as orphan drug exclusivity, pediatric exclusivity, new chemical entity exclusivity, or other exclusivity granted beyond the expiry of the relevant patent), or (3) a specific time period after the first commercial sale of the product in such country. In most countries, including the U.S., the patent term is generally 20 years from the earliest claimed filing date of a non-provisional patent application in the applicable country, not taking into consideration any potential patent term adjustment that may be filed in the future or any regulatory extensions that may be obtained. The royalty termination provision pursuant to (3) described above is shorter than 20 years and is the least likely cause of termination of royalty payments.

 

The Onxeo license agreement does not have a pre-determined term, but expires on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis; that is, the agreement expires with respect to a given product in a given country whenever the Company’s royalty payment obligations with respect to such product have expired. The agreement may also be terminated early for cause if either the Company or Onxeo materially breach the agreement, or if either the Company or Onxeo become insolvent. The Company may also choose to terminate the agreement, either in its entirety or as to a certain product and a certain country, by providing Onxeo with advance notice.

 

The Company plans to internally develop Validive with the near-term goal of commencing a Phase 3 clinical development program, which, if successful, may allow the Company to apply for marketing approval within the next several years. The Company will need to raise significant funds to support the further development of Validive. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had not reached any of the pre-specified milestones and has not been required to pay Onxeo any funds under this license agreement.

 

XOMA Ltd.

 

The intellectual property rights contributed by Tactic Pharma to the Company included the non-exclusive license agreement with XOMA Ltd. for the humanization technology used in the development of MNPR-101. Pursuant to such license agreement, the Company is obligated to pay XOMA Ltd. clinical, regulatory and sales milestones for MNPR-101 that could reach up to $14.925 million if the Company achieves all milestones. The agreement does not require the payment of sales royalties. There can be no assurance tha
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6. Related Party Transactions
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Related Party Transactions

In March 2017, Tactic Pharma, the Company’s largest shareholder at that time, wired $1 million to the Company in advance of the sale of the Company’s common stock at $6 per share under a private placement memorandum. In April, the Company issued to Tactic Pharma 166,667 shares in exchange for the $1 million at $6 per share once the Company began selling stock to unaffiliated parties under the private placement memorandum.

  

In August 2017, Tactic Pharma surrendered 2,888,727 shares of common stock back to the Company as a contribution to the capital of the Company. This resulted in reducing Tactic Pharma’s ownership in Monopar from 79.5% to 69.9%.

 

In August 2017, the Company executed definitive agreements with Gem Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Gem”), pursuant to which Tactic Pharma and Gem formed a limited liability company, TacticGem LLC (“TacticGem”). Tactic Pharma contributed 4,111,273 shares of its holdings in Monopar’s common stock to TacticGem and Gem contributed cash and assets to TacticGem. TacticGem then contributed cash and assets to the Company in exchange for stock. The Gem Transaction is discussed in detail in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 26, 2018. As of September 30, 2018, Tactic Pharma beneficially owned 46% of Monopar’s common stock, and TacticGem owned 77% of Monopar’s common stock.

 

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company was advised by four members of its Board of Directors, who were Managers of the LLC prior to the Company’s conversion to a C Corporation. The four former Managers are also current common stockholders (owning approximately an aggregate 3% of the common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2018). Three of the former Managers are also Managing Members of Tactic Pharma. Monopar paid Managing Members of Tactic Pharma and the Manager of CDR Pharma, LLC, which is the Manager of TacticGem the following: Chandler D. Robinson, the Company’s Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, common stockholder, Managing Member of Tactic Pharma, former Manager of the predecessor LLC, and the Manager of CDR Pharma, LLC: $107,500 and $80,500 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $322,500 and $241,500 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively; and Andrew P. Mazar, the Company’s Co-Founder, Chief Scientific Officer, common stockholder, Managing Member of Tactic Pharma and former Manager of the predecessor LLC, $101,250 and $75,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, $303,750 and $225,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company also paid Christopher M. Starr, the Company’s Co-Founder, Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors, common stockholder and former Manager of the predecessor LLC $25,224 and $25,224 in board fees for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $75,673 and $75,673 in board fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Michael Brown, as a managing member of Tactic Pharma, a previous managing member of Monopar as an LLC and shareholder and board member of Monopar as a C Corporation was paid $10,000 and $30,000 in board fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $10,000 and $20,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

 

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company paid or accrued legal fees to a large national law firm, in which a family member of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer is a law partner, approximately $83,773 and $131,358, respectively, compared to $161,508 and $201,508 paid or accrued legal fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The family member personally billed a de minimis amount of time on the Company’s legal engagement with the law firm in these periods.

 
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7. Commitments and Contingencies
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies

Development and Collaboration Agreements

 

Onxeo S.A.

 

The Onxeo license agreement for Validive includes clinical, regulatory, developmental and sales milestones that could reach up to $108 million if the Company achieves all milestones, and escalating royalties on net sales from 5% to 10%. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company had not reached any milestones and has not been required to pay Onxeo any funds under this license agreement.

 

XOMA Ltd.

 

The intellectual property rights contributed by Tactic Pharma to the Company included the non-exclusive license agreement with XOMA Ltd. for the humanization technology used in the development of MNPR-101. Pursuant to such license agreement, the Company is obligated to pay XOMA Ltd. clinical, regulatory and sales milestones for MNPR-101 but is not required to pay royalties on product sales. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company had not reached any milestones and has not been required to pay XOMA Ltd. any funds under this license agreement.

 

 

Leases

 

Commencing January 1, 2018, the Company entered into a lease for its executive headquarters at 1000 Skokie Blvd., Suite 350, Wilmette, Illinois. The lease term is January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2019. The Company also leased office space in Seattle, Washington, from November 1, 2017 to July 31, 2018. The future lease commitments as presented below represent amounts for the Company’s lease of its executive headquarters.

 

2018 (October 1 to December 31)   $ 7,559  
2019     30,234  
Total future lease payments   $ 37,793  

 

Legal Contingencies

 

The Company is subject to claims and assessments from time to time in the ordinary course of business. No claims have been asserted to date.

 

Indemnification

 

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but that have not yet been made. To date, the Company has not paid any claims nor been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future as a result of future claims against these indemnification obligations.

 

In accordance with its amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, the Company has indemnification obligations to its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while they are serving at the Company’s request in such capacities. There have been no claims to date.
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2. Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation

These condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial results of Monopar Therapeutics Inc., its French branch, its wholly-owned French subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics, SARL, and its wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, Monopar Therapeutics Pty Ltd and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and include all disclosures required by GAAP for interim financial information. All intercompany accounts have been eliminated. The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements are set out below and have been consistently applied in all periods presented. The Company has been primarily involved in performing research activities, developing product technologies, and raising capital to support and expand these activities.

 

Certain reclassifications have been made to the Company’s financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 to conform to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 presentation. The reclassifications had no impact on the Company’s net loss, total assets, or stockholders’ equity.

 

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal, recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and the Company’s condensed consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The condensed consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative

 

of the consolidated results of operations or cash flows which may be reported for the remainder of 2018 or for any future period. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 26, 2018.
Functional Currency

The Company's consolidated functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. The Company's Australian subsidiary and French subsidiary use the Australian Dollar and European Euro, respectively, as their functional currency. At each quarter end, each foreign subsidiary's balance sheets are translated into U.S. dollars based upon the quarter-end exchange rate, while their statements of operations and comprehensive loss are translated into U.S. dollars based upon an average exchange rate during the period.
Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss represents net loss plus any gains or losses not reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, such as foreign currency translations gains and losses that are typically reflected on a Company’s condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity.
Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Going Concern Assessment

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued to provide guidance on determining when and how reporting companies must disclose going-concern uncertainties in their financial statements. The ASU requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity’s financial statements (or within one year after the date on which the financial statements are available to be issued, when applicable). Further, a company must provide certain disclosures if there is “substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.” In October 2018, the Company analyzed its minimum cash requirements through December 2019 and has determined that, based upon the Company’s current available cash, the Company has no substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.
Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consist entirely of money market accounts.
Restricted Cash

On July 9, 2015, the Company entered into a Clinical Trial and Option Agreement (“CTOA”) with Cancer Research UK. Pursuant to the CTOA, the Company deposited $0.8 million into an escrow account to cover certain future indemnities, claims or potential termination costs incurred by Cancer Research UK. Restricted cash was $0 as of September 30, 2018 and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2017. In connection with a portfolio reprioritization review, on March 21, 2018, Cancer Research UK notified us that it was terminating the CTOA and would work to transfer to us the data generated under the CTOA.These funds were released from escrow in September 2018 and were deposited into a money market account and reclassified as cash equivalents.
Prepaid Expenses

Prepayments are expenditures for goods or services before the goods are used or the services are received and are charged to operations as the benefits are realized. Prepaid expenses include insurance premiums and software costs that are expensed monthly over the life of the contract.
Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2018, the Company maintained cash and cash equivalents at one financial institution. As of December 31, 2017, the Company maintained cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances at two financial institutions. Balances at each financial institution for both periods presented were in excess of the $250,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurable limit.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments

For financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, deferred offering costs, accounts payable and accrued expenses, the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of fair value due to their relatively short maturities.

 

The Company adopted Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, as amended, addressing the measurement of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities. Under this standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

 

In determining fair values of all reported assets and liabilities that represent financial instruments, the Company uses the carrying market values of such amounts. The standard establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing an asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

 

Level 1 - instrument valuations are obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets.

 

Level 2 - instrument valuations are obtained from readily-available pricing sources for comparable instruments.

 

Level 3 - instrument valuations are obtained without observable market values and require a high-level of judgment to determine the fair value.

 

Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each reporting period. There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017. The following table presents the assets and liabilities recorded that are reported at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis.

 

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

 

September 30, 2018   Level 1     Level 2     Total  
Assets                  
Cash equivalents(1)   $ 7,548,417     $ -     $ 7,548,417  
Total   $ 7,548,417     $ -     $ 7,548,417  

 

(1) Cash equivalents represent the fair value of the Company’s investments in a money market account at September 30, 2018.

 

 

December 31, 2017   Level 1     Level 2     Total  
Assets                  
Cash equivalents(1)   $ 8,864,288     $ -     $ 8,864,288  
Restricted cash(2)     31       800,000       800,031  
Total   $ 8,864,319     $ 800,000     $ 9,664,319  

 

(1) Cash equivalents represent the fair value of the Company’s investments in a money market account at December 31, 2017.

 

(2) Restricted cash represents the fair value of the Company’s investments in an $800,000 certificate of deposit and $31 in a money market account at December 31, 2017.
Net Loss per Share

Net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding and potential shares of common stock during the period. As of September 30, 2018, potentially dilutive securities included stock options to purchase up to 1,085,896 shares of the Company’s common stock. As of September 30, 2017, potentially dilutive securities included stock options to purchase up to 618,592 shares of the Company’s common stock. For all periods presented, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of fully diluted net loss per share as their effect is anti-dilutive.
Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Major components of R&D expenses include salaries and benefits paid to the Company’s R&D staff, fees paid to consultants and to the entities that conduct certain R&D activities on the Company’s behalf and materials and supplies which are used in R&D activities.

 

The Company accrues and expenses the costs for clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon estimates of the percentage of work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with agreements established with contract research organizations and clinical trial sites. The Company determines the estimates through discussions with internal clinical personnel and external service providers as to progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed upon fee to be paid for such services. Costs of setting up clinical trial sites for participation in the trials are expensed immediately as R&D expenses. Clinical trial site costs related to patient enrollment are accrued as patients are entered into the trial. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company had no clinical trials in progress.
In-process Research and Development

In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) expenses represent the costs to acquire technologies to be used in research and development that have not reached technological feasibility, have no alternative future uses and thus are expensed as incurred. IPR&D expense also includes upfront license fees and milestones paid to collaborators, for technologies with no alternative use.
Collaborative Arrangements

The Company and its future collaborative partners would be active participants in collaborative arrangements and all parties would be exposed to significant risks and rewards depending on the technical and commercial success of the activities. Contractual payments to the other parties in collaboration agreements and costs incurred by the Company when the Company is deemed to be the principal participant for a given transaction are recognized on a gross basis in R&D expenses. Royalties and license payments are recorded as earned.

 

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, no milestones were met and no royalties were earned, therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any milestone or royalty payments.
Licensing Agreements

The Company has various agreements to license technology utilized in the development of its programs. The licenses contain success milestone obligations and royalties on future sales. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, no milestones were met and no royalties were earned, therefore, the Company did not pay or accrue/expense any milestone or royalty payments under any of its license agreements.
Patent Costs

The Company expenses costs relating to issued patents and patent applications, including costs relating to legal, renewal and application fees, as a component of general and administrative expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Income Taxes

From December 2014 to December 16, 2015, the Company was an LLC taxed as a partnership under the Internal Revenue Code, during which period the members separately accounted for their pro-rata share of income, deductions, losses, and credits of the Company. On December 16, 2015, the Company converted from an LLC to a C Corporation. On December 16, 2015, the Company began using an asset and liability approach for accounting for deferred income taxes, which requires recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements, but have not been reflected in its taxable income. Estimates and judgments are required in the calculation of certain tax liabilities and in the determination of the recoverability of certain deferred income tax assets, which arise from temporary differences and carry forwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled.

 

The Company regularly assesses the likelihood that its deferred income tax assets will be realized from recoverable income taxes or recovered from future taxable income. To the extent that the Company believes any amounts are more likely than not to be realized, the Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred income tax assets. In the event the Company determines that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. Similarly, if the Company subsequently realizes deferred income tax assets that were previously determined to be unrealizable are now realizable, the respective valuation allowance would be reversed, resulting in an adjustment to earnings in the period such determination is made.

 

Internal Revenue Code Section 382 provides that, after an ownership change, the amount of a loss corporation’s net operating loss (“NOL”) for any post-change year that may be offset by pre-change losses shall not exceed the section 382 limitation for that year. Because the Company will continue to raise equity in the coming years, section 382 may limit the Company’s usage of NOLs in the future.

  

Based on the available evidence, the Company believed it was not likely to utilize its minimal deferred tax assets in the future and as a result, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company intends to maintain the valuation allowance until sufficient evidence exists to support their reversal. The Company regularly reviews its tax positions and for a tax benefit to be recognized, the related tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. Any amount recognized is generally the largest benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon settlement. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as an income tax expense. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not have any interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits.

 

The Company is subject to U.S. Federal, Illinois and California income taxes. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. The Company was incorporated on December 16, 2015 and is subject to U.S. Federal, state and local tax examinations by tax authorities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and for the short tax period December 16, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to its current uncertain tax positions through September 30, 2018. The Company filed its tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2017 prior to the filing deadlines in all jurisdictions.

 

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 was enacted. The Tax Reform Bill was effective as of January 1, 2018. In accordance with ASC guidance, deferred tax assets/liabilities in the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, were reflected at the tax rate in which the deferred tax assets/liabilities are anticipated to be realized. As a result, the Company changed the tax rate for tax provision purposes at December 31, 2017 from 34% to 21%.
Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements with employees, nonemployee directors and consultants using a fair value method, which requires the recognition of compensation expense for costs related to all stock-based payments, including stock options. The fair value method requires the Company to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model.

 

Stock-based compensation costs for options granted to employees and nonemployee directors are based on the fair value of the underlying option calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the date of grant for stock options and recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Determining the appropriate fair value model and related assumptions requires judgment, including estimating the future stock price volatility, forfeiture rates and expected term. The expected volatility rates are estimated based on the current volatility of comparable public companies over the expected term. The Company selected these companies based on comparable characteristics, including market capitalization, stage of development and with historical share price information sufficient to meet the expected term of the stock-based awards. The expected term for options granted to date is estimated using the simplified method. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company has not paid dividends and does not anticipate paying a cash dividend in the future vesting period and, accordingly, uses an expected dividend yield of zero. The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities consistent with the estimated expected term of the awards. The measurement of consultant share-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustments as the underlying equity instruments vest and is recognized as an expense over the period over which services are rendered.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The purpose is to enhance the reporting model for financial instruments to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information. The Company has adopted this ASU and determined that it does not have a material effect on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

  

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which has been amended by ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which for operating leases, requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in its balance sheet. The standard also requires a lessee to recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

 

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU No. 2017-01”). The amendments in ASU No. 2017-01 clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill and consolidation. For public companies, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. For all other companies and organizations, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has adopted this ASU and determined it does not have a material impact on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

 

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. The amendment amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements, provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company has adopted this ASU and determined that it does not have a material effect on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

 

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. This ASU simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features, a provision in an equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded feature) that provides a downward adjustment of the current exercise price based on the price of future equity offerings. Down round features are common in warrants, convertible preferred shares, and convertible debt instruments issued by private companies and development-stage public companies. This new ASU requires companies to disregard the down round feature when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to its own stock, for purposes of determining liability or equity classification. The provisions of this new ASU related to down rounds are effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

 

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, that clarifies the guidance in ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10). For public business entities, ASU 2018-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2018. Public business entities with fiscal years beginning between December 15, 2017, and June 15, 2018, are not required to adopt ASU 2018-03 until the interim period beginning after June 15, 2018. The Company has early adopted this ASU and determined that it does not have a material effect on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

  

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. This ASU amends certain SEC material on Topic 740 for the income tax accounting implications of the recently issued Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. ASU 2018-05 is effective upon inclusion in the FASB Codification. The Company has adopted this ASU and determined it does not have a material impact on its financial condition and condensed consolidated results of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

 

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The ASU is intended to reduce the cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for nonemployee share-based payments. The ASU expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees will be substantially aligned. The ASU supersedes Subtopic 505-50, Equity—Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. For all other companies, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than a company’s adoption date of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

 

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The ASU modifies, and in certain cases eliminates, the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. The amendments in ASU No. 2018-13 are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. An entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of ASU No. 2018-13 and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.
XML 24 R14.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.10.0.1
2. Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

 

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

 

September 30, 2018   Level 1     Level 2     Total  
Assets                  
Cash equivalents(1)   $ 7,548,417     $ -     $ 7,548,417  
Total   $ 7,548,417     $ -     $ 7,548,417  

 

(1) Cash equivalents represent the fair value of the Company’s investments in a money market account at September 30, 2018.

 

 

December 31, 2017   Level 1     Level 2     Total  
Assets                  
Cash equivalents(1)   $ 8,864,288     $ -     $ 8,864,288  
Restricted cash(2)     31       800,000       800,031  
Total   $ 8,864,319     $ 800,000     $ 9,664,319  

 

(1) Cash equivalents represent the fair value of the Company’s investments in a money market account at December 31, 2017.

 

(2) Restricted cash represents the fair value of the Company’s investments in an $800,000 certificate of deposit and $31 in a money market account at December 31, 2017.
XML 25 R15.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.10.0.1
4. Stock Option Plan (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Stock option activity
          Options Outstanding  
    Options Available     Number of Options     Weighted-Average Exercise Price  
Balances at January 1, 2017     420,000       280,000     $ 0.001  
Option pool increase(1)     900,000       —       —  
Granted(2)     (378,592 )     378,592       1.63  
Forfeited     —       —       —  
Exercised     —       —       —  
Balances at December 31, 2017     941,408       658,592       0.94  
Granted(3)     (467,304 )     467,304       6.00  
Forfeited(4)     40,000       (40,000 )     6.00  
Exercised     —       —       —  
Balances at September 30, 2018     514,104       1,085,896       2.93  
Summary of options outstanding
  Exercise Prices     Number of Shares Subject to Options Outstanding  

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term

   Number of Shares Subject to Options Fully Vested and Exercisable  

Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term

  $ 0.001       555,520    8.0 years     389,060   7.8 years
  $ 6.00       530,376    9.8 years     48,155   9.1 years
          1,085,896        437,217     
XML 26 R16.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.10.0.1
7. Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Future lease commitments
2018 (October 1 to December 31)   $ 7,559  
2019     30,234  
Total future lease payments   $ 37,793  
XML 27 R17.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.10.0.1
1. Nature of Business and Liquidity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]    
State of incorporation Delaware  
Date of incorporation Dec. 05, 2014  
Accumulated loss $ (20,765,251) $ (18,427,780)
XML 28 R18.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.10.0.1
2. Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Assets    
Cash equivalents $ 7,548,417 $ 8,864,288
Restricted cash 0 800,031
Total 7,548,417 9,664,319
Level 1    
Assets    
Cash equivalents 7,548,417 8,864,288
Restricted cash 0 31
Total 7,548,417 8,864,319
Level 2    
Assets    
Cash equivalents 0 0
Restricted cash 0 800,000
Total $ 0 $ 800,000
XML 29 R19.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.10.0.1
2. Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]      
Restricted cash $ 0   $ 800,031
Potentially dilutive securities 1,085,896 618,592  
XML 30 R20.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.10.0.1
3. Capital Stock (Details Narrative) - shares
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]    
Common stock, issued 9,291,421 9,291,421
Common stock, outstanding 9,291,421 9,291,421
XML 31 R21.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.10.0.1
4. Stock Option Plan (Details) - $ / shares
 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]    
Stock options available outstanding, beginning 941,408 420,000
Stock options available, option pool 0 900,000
Stock options available, granted (467,304) (378,592)
Stock options available, forfeited 40,000 0
Stock options available, exercised 0 0
Stock options available outstanding, ending 514,104 941,408
Stock options outstanding, beginning 658,592 280,000
Stock options, granted 467,304 378,592
Stock options, forfeited (40,000) 0
Stock options, exercised 0 0
Stock options outstanding, ending 1,085,896 658,592
Weighted average exercise price outstanding, beginning $ 0.94 $ 0.001
Weighted average exercise price, granted 6.00 1.63
Weighted average exercise price, forfeited 6.00 0.00
Weighted average exercise price, exercised 0.00 0.00
Weighted average exercise price outstanding, ending $ 2.93 $ 0.94
XML 32 R22.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.10.0.1
4. Stock Option Plan (Details 1) - $ / shares
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Number of shares outstanding 1,085,896 658,592 280,000
Number of shares fully vested and exercisable 437,215    
Option 1      
Exercise price $ 0.001    
Number of shares outstanding 555,520    
Weighted average remaining contractual life 8 years    
Number of shares fully vested and exercisable 389,060    
Weighted average remaining contractual life 7 years 292 days    
Option 2      
Exercise price $ 6.00    
Number of shares outstanding 530,376    
Weighted average remaining contractual life 9 years 292 days    
Number of shares fully vested and exercisable 48,155    
Weighted average remaining contractual life 9 years 36 days    
XML 33 R23.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.10.0.1
4. Stock Option Plan (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Stock-based compensation expense for non-employees $ 31,714 $ 40,314 $ 105,571 $ 238,404
Unamortized unvested balance of stock base compensation 100,000   $ 100,000  
Unamortized unvested balance of stock base compensation, period     4 years 73 days  
General and Administrative Expenses        
Employee and non-employee director stock-based compensation expense 29,383 3,612 $ 81,896 3,612
Stock-based compensation expense for non-employees   8,819   49,133
Research and Development Expenses        
Employee and non-employee director stock-based compensation expense 32,147 0 108,873 0
Stock-based compensation expense for non-employees $ 31,714 $ 31,495 $ 105,571 $ 189,271
XML 34 R24.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.10.0.1
7. Commitments and Contingencies (Details)
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
2018 (Q4) $ 7,559
2019 30,234
Total future lease payments $ 37,793
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