Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income (Loss) before Income Taxes

Income (loss) before income taxes:

	Year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
United States (U.S.)	$	(87,925)	$	(114,890)	$	(77,654)
Non-U.S.	79,101		68,948		29,157
Total income (loss) before income taxes	$	(8,824)	$	(45,942)	$	(48,497)

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax:

	Year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Current:
U.S. (1)	$	(6,143)	$	6,701	$	8,491
Non-U.S. (2)	4,405		10,568		5,028
Total current	$	(1,738)	$	17,269	$	13,519
Deferred:
U.S.	$	—	—		$	(3)
Non-U.S.	144		348		(351)
Total deferred	144		348		(354)
Total income tax provision	$	(1,594)	$	17,617	$	13,165

(1) This change was driven primarily by research and development credits claimed in the U.S. and deductions associated with share-based compensation.

(2) This change primarily resulted from amortization of intellectual property rights.

Reconciliation of Provision for Income Taxes

A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes compared with the amounts at the notional federal statutory rate was:

	Year ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Loss before income taxes	$	(8,824)		$	(45,942)		$	(48,497)
U.S statutory income tax rate	21.0		%	21.0		%	35.0		%
Notional U.S. federal income taxes at statutory rate	$	(1,853)		$	(9,648)		$	(16,974)
Non-deductible expenses	741			1,030			3,308
Foreign taxes rate differential	(4,216)			(6,000)			(7,333)
Change in valuation allowance (see Note 13(c))	244,344			28,657			5,742
State income taxes	(16,679)			1,957			(9,089)
Change in excess tax benefit	(26,528)			2,088			2,203
Unamortized intangible assets	(189,410)			—			—
Research and Development Credits	(2,333)			—			—
Other	(5,673)			(326)			34,881
Unrecognized tax expense (benefit)	13			(141)			427
Income tax	$	(1,594)		$	17,617		$	13,165
Effective tax rate	18.1		%	(38.3)		%	(27.1)		%

Summary of Net Impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

The table below reflects the 2017 net impact of the TCJA:

	December 31, 2017
	ETR before TCJA		US Tax Cuts & Jobs Act Impact		Reported ETR
U.S statutory income taxes rate	35.0	%	—	%	35.0	%
Non-deductible expenses	(6.8)		—		(6.8)
Foreign taxes rate differential	15.1		—		15.1
Change in valuation allowance	(83.4)		71.5		(11.9)
State income taxes	12.8		5.9		18.7
Share based compensation	2.0		(6.5)		(4.5)
Change in unrecognized taxes expense	(0.9)		0.1		(0.8)
Other	(0.9)		(71.0)		(71.9)
Effective taxes rate	(27.1)	%	—	%	(27.1)	%

Schedule of Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	December 31,
	2019		2018
Deferred tax assets:
Implicit discounts recognized under ASC 606 (see Note 2)	$	124,255	$	99,316
Net operating loss carryforwards (see Note 13(d))	35,267		843
Share based compensation	12,253		10,886
Deferred revenue	2,450		1,643
Interest limitations	4,028		—
Unamortized intangible assets (1)	176,783		—
Other temporary differences	2,359		1,384
Total gross deferred tax assets	$	357,395	$	114,072
Less: valuation allowance	(357,012)		(112,360)
Total deferred tax assets	$	383	$	1,712
Deferred tax liabilities:
Fixed assets	380		1,427
Other liabilities	3		—
Total gross deferred tax liabilities	$	383	$	1,427
Net deferred taxes assets	$	—	$	285

(1) The Company recorded a deferred tax asset of $189,410 related to unamortized intangible assets. Amortization of this intangible asset will be straight-line through 2029. As of December 31, 2019, the balance of this deferred tax asset was $176,783, offset by a valuation allowance of the same amount.

Schedule of Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of uncertain tax benefits is as follows:

	December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Balance at beginning of the year	$	103	$	2,827	$	2,400
Additions (reductions) for taxes positions related current year	—		(141)		55
Additions (reductions) for taxes positions related to prior years	13		(2,583)		372
Balance at the end of the year	$	116	$	103	$	2,827