10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-40829

Sterling Check Corp.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	37-1784336
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1 State Street Plaza, 24th Floor
New York, New York	10004
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

1 (800) 853-3228

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.01 par value	STER	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated

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filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The total number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, as of May 8, 2023 was 98,030,304 (excluding treasury shares of 1,579,388).

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STERLING CHECK CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	6
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023	6
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2023	7
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2023	8
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2023	9
	Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	48
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	49
	PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	50
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	50
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	50
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	51
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	51
Item 5.	Other Information	51
Item 6.	Exhibits	51

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and we intend that all forward-looking statements that we make will be subject to the safe harbor protections created thereby. You can generally identify forward-looking statements by our use of forward-looking terminology such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “playbook,” “potential,” “predict,” “projection,” “seek,” “should,” “will” or “would,” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology. In particular, statements that address market trends, and statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, plans, strategies, objectives, prospects or assumptions, or statements regarding future events or performance contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” are forward-looking statements.

We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections. While we believe these expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. These and other important factors, including those discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, or could affect our share price. Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements include:

•changes in economic, political and market conditions, including bank failures and concerns of a potential economic downturn or recession, and the impact of these changes on our clients’ hiring trends;

•the sufficiency of our cash to meet our liquidity needs;

•the possibility of cyber-attacks, security vulnerabilities and internet disruptions, including breaches of data security and privacy leaks, data loss and business interruptions;

•our ability to comply with the extensive United States (“U.S.”) and foreign laws, regulations and policies applicable to our industry, and changes in such laws, regulations and policies;

•our compliance with data privacy laws and regulations;

•potential liability for failures to provide accurate information to our clients, which may not be covered, or may be only partially covered, by insurance;

•the possible effects of negative publicity on our reputation and the value of our brand;

•our failure to compete successfully;

•our ability to keep pace with changes in technology and to provide timely enhancements to our products and services;

•the continued impact of COVID-19 on global markets, economic conditions and the response by governments and third parties;

•our ability to cost-effectively attract new clients and retain our existing clients;

•our ability to grow our Identity-as-a-Service offerings;

•our success in new product introductions and adjacent market penetrations;

•our ability to expand into new geographies;

•our ability to pursue and integrate strategic mergers and acquisitions;

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•design defects, errors, failures or delays with our products and services;

•systems failures, interruptions, delays in services, catastrophic events and resulting interruptions;

•natural or man-made disasters including pandemics and other significant public health emergencies, outbreaks of hostilities or effects of climate change and our ability to deal effectively with damage or disruption caused by the foregoing;

•our ability to implement our business strategies profitably;

•our ability to retain the services of certain members of our management;

•our ability to adequately protect our intellectual property;

•our ability to implement, maintain and improve effective internal controls;

•our ability to comply with public company requirements in a timely and cost-effective manner, and expense strain on our resources and diversion of our management’s attention resulting from public company compliance requirements; and

•the other risks described in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 2, 2023.

Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are not guarantees of future performance and our actual results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate, may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity, and events in the industry in which we operate, are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, they may not be predictive of results or developments in future periods.

Any forward-looking statement that we make in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speaks only as of the date of such statement. Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise, or to publicly announce any update or revision to, any of the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Investors and others should note that we announce material financial and operational information using our investor relations website, press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. Information about Sterling Check Corp. (“Sterling”), our business, and our results of operations may also be announced by posts on our accounts on social media channels, including the following: Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our social media channels and on our website is deemed not to be incorporated in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to be a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The information that we post through these social media channels and on our website may be deemed material. As a result, we encourage investors, the media and others interested in Sterling to monitor these social media channels in addition to following our investor relations website, press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. The list of social media channels we use may be updated from time to time on our investor relations website.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

STERLING CHECK CORP.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	103,095	$	50,964
Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $3,200 and $3,248 as of December 31, 2022 and     March 31, 2023, respectively)	139,579		147,123
Insurance receivable	921		922
Prepaid expenses	13,433		11,201
Other current assets	13,654		16,563
Total current assets	270,682		226,773
Property and equipment, net	10,341		9,600
Goodwill	849,609		877,212
Intangible assets, net	241,036		263,109
Deferred income taxes	4,452		4,518
Operating leases right-of-use asset	20,084		19,652
Other noncurrent assets, net	11,050		11,518
TOTAL ASSETS	$	1,407,254	$	1,412,382
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable	$	38,372	$	42,132
Litigation settlement obligation	4,165		3,850
Accrued expenses	67,047		57,091
Current portion of long-term debt	7,500		9,375
Operating leases liability, current portion	3,717		3,565
Other current liabilities	12,939		13,974
Total current liabilities	133,740		129,987
Long-term debt, net	493,990		490,434
Deferred income taxes	23,707		30,102
Long-term operating leases liability, net of current portion	16,835		16,574
Other liabilities	2,336		12,681
Total liabilities	$	670,608	$	679,778
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 13)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock ($0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding)	—		—
Common stock ($0.01 par value; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 97,765,120 shares     issued and 96,717,883 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022; 99,663,997 shares     issued and 98,085,706 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2023)	76		95
Additional paid-in capital	942,789		950,813
Common stock held in treasury (1,047,237 and 1,578,291 shares as of December 31, 2022     and March 31, 2023, respectively)	(14,859)		(23,058)
Accumulated deficit	(186,448)		(185,857)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(4,912)		(9,389)
Total stockholders’ equity	736,646		732,604
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	1,407,254	$	1,412,382

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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STERLING CHECK CORP.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except share and per share data)	2022		2023
REVENUES	$	191,972	$	179,274
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization below)	100,956		94,754
Corporate technology and production systems	12,552		11,952
Selling, general and administrative	42,333		47,451
Depreciation and amortization	20,156		15,122
Impairments of long-lived assets	—		106
Total operating expenses	175,997		169,385
OPERATING INCOME	15,975		9,889
OTHER EXPENSE (INCOME):
Interest expense, net	6,336		8,608
Gain on interest rate swaps	(328)		—
Other income	(354)		(412)
Total other expense, net	5,654		8,196
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	10,321		1,693
Income tax provision	4,085		1,102
NET INCOME	$	6,236	$	591
Unrealized loss on hedged transactions, net of tax of $0 and $1,815, respectively	—		(5,159)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $0 and $0, respectively	283		682
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	283		(4,477)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	$	6,519	$	(3,886)
Net income per share attributable to stockholders
Basic	$	0.07	$	0.01
Diluted	$	0.06	$	0.01
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic	93,967,819		92,877,506
Diluted	99,186,456		95,350,342

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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STERLING CHECK CORP.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share amounts)	Shares Outstanding	Par Value		Additional Paid-In Capital		Common Shares Held in Treasury	Common Stock Held in Treasury		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
BALANCE as of December 31, 2021	95,746,975	$	68	$	916,578	107,820	$	(897)	$	(206,218)	$	93	$	709,624
Issuance of common stock	1,112	—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Common stock issued for exercise of employee stock options	8,486	—		80		—	—		—		—		80
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures and vestings	533,095	5		(5)		—	—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—	—		5,108		—	—		—		—		5,108
Net income	—	—		—		—	—		6,236		—		6,236
Cumulative effect adjustment for adoption of CECL, net of tax of $56	—	—		—		—	—		(198)		—		(198)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	—	—		(8)		—	—		—		283		275
BALANCE as of March 31, 2022	96,289,668	$	73	$	921,753	107,820	$	(897)	$	(200,180)	$	376	$	721,125

(in thousands, except share amounts)	Shares Outstanding	Par Value		Additional Paid-In Capital		Common Shares Held in Treasury	Common Stock Held in Treasury		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
BALANCE as of December 31, 2022	96,717,883	$	76	$	942,789	1,047,237	$	(14,859)	$	(186,448)	$	(4,912)	$	736,646
Issuance of common stock	4,567	—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures and vestings	1,894,310	19		(19)		—	—		—		—		—
Repurchases of common stock	(493,926)	—		—		493,926	(7,712)		—		—		(7,712)
Shares withheld to cover restricted share vestings tax	(37,128)	—		—		37,128	(487)		—		—		(487)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		8,043		—	—		—		—		8,043
Net income	—	—		—		—	—		591		—		591
Unrealized loss on hedged transactions, net of tax	—	—		—		—	—		—		(5,159)		(5,159)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	—	—		—		—	—		—		682		682
BALANCE as of March 31, 2023	98,085,706	$	95	$	950,813	1,578,291	$	(23,058)	$	(185,857)	$	(9,389)	$	732,604

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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STERLING CHECK CORP.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	6,236	$	591
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations
Depreciation and amortization	20,156		15,122
Deferred income taxes	3,412		209
Stock-based compensation	5,108		8,043
Impairments of long-lived assets	—		106
Provision for bad debts	308		244
Amortization of financing fees	109		269
Amortization of debt discount	478		194
Deferred rent	—		39
Noncash impact of lease accounting under ASC 842	(55)		—
Unrealized translation (gain) loss on investment in foreign subsidiaries	(393)		135
Changes in fair value of derivatives	(2,464)		—
Interest rate swap settlements	—		23
Gain on disposition of property and equipment	(4)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(20,006)		(3,414)
Prepaid expenses	(869)		2,844
Other assets	(1,736)		(2,534)
Accounts payable	10,255		3,716
Litigation settlement obligation	—		315
Accrued expenses	(12,283)		(12,256)
Other liabilities	(4,807)		(2,364)
Net cash provided by operating activities	3,445		11,282
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment	(1,495)		(140)
Purchases of intangible assets and capitalized software	(3,742)		(4,120)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—		(48,802)
Proceeds from disposition of property and equipment	4		7
Net cash used in investing activities	(5,233)		(53,055)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Issuance of common stock	70		—
Repurchases of common stock	—		(7,711)
Payments of IPO issuance costs	(225)		—
Cash paid for tax withholding on RSA vestings	—		(487)
Payments of long-term debt	(1,615)		(1,875)
Payment of contingent consideration for acquisition	—		(305)
Payments of finance lease obligations	(1)		—
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,771)		(10,378)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(92)		20
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(3,651)		(52,131)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Beginning of period	47,998		103,095

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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	44,347	$	50,964
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid during the period for
Interest, net of capitalized amounts of $73 and $90 for the three months ended           March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively	$	8,296	$	11,602
Income taxes	4,222		2,978
Noncash investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payable and        accrued expenses	$	245	$	69
Noncash purchase price of business combinations	—		4,821

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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STERLING CHECK CORP.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.Description of Business

Sterling Check Corp. (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation headquartered in New York City, New York, is a global provider of technology-enabled background and identity verification services. The Company provides the foundation of trust and safety its clients need to create effective environments for their most essential resource—people. The Company offers a comprehensive hiring and risk management solution that begins with identity verification, followed by criminal background screening, credential verification, drug and health screening, employee onboarding document processing and ongoing risk monitoring.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company is 61.1% owned by an investment group consisting of entities advised by or affiliated with The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (“Goldman Sachs”) and Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (“CDPQ”). CDPQ owns its equity interest in the Company indirectly through a limited partnership controlled by Goldman Sachs.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and include accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, they reflect all adjustments consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary to state fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with US GAAP applicable to interim periods. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or future periods. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2023.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that can affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates include the impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill impairment, the determination of the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, collectability of receivables, the valuation of stock-based awards and stock-based compensation and sales and income tax liabilities. The Company also applies an estimated useful life of three years to internally developed software assets. This is based on the historical observed pace of change in the Company’s delivery, technology, and product offerings as well as market competition. The Company believes that the estimates used in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable; however, actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Segment Information

The Company has one operating and reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents of $103.1 million and $51.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively, include money market instruments with maturities of three months or less. The Company maintained cash outside the U.S. as of December 31, 2022 of $28.0 million with the largest deposits being held in India and Canada, with balances of $5.1 million and $9.2 million, respectively. Cash outside the U.S. was

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$26.6 million as of March 31, 2023, with the largest deposits being held in India and Canada, with balances of $5.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

Foreign Currency

Assets and liabilities of operations having non-USD functional currencies are translated at period-end exchange rates, and income statement accounts are translated at weighted average exchange rates for the period. Gains or losses resulting from translating foreign currency financial statements, net of any related tax effects, are reflected in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions incurred in currencies other than the local functional currency are included in Other income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The cumulative translation adjustment resulted in losses of $5.6 million and $4.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts receivable balances consist of trade receivables that are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances for expected credit losses and for potential sales credits and reserves. Sales credits and reserves were $0.9 million and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

The Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“CECL”) on January 1, 2022. The adoption of CECL resulted in a $0.3 million cumulative effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings as of January 1, 2022.

CECL requires an entity to utilize an impairment model to estimate its lifetime expected credit losses and record an allowance that, when deducted from the amortized cost basis of a financial asset, presents the net amount expected to be collected on the financial asset.

The Company maintains an allowance for expected credit losses in order to record accounts receivable at their net realizable value. Inherent in the assessment of the allowance for expected credit losses are certain judgments and estimates relating to, among other things, the Company’s customers’ access to capital, customers’ willingness and ability to pay, general economic conditions and the ongoing relationship with customers. Allowances have been recorded for receivables believed to be uncollectible, including amounts for the resolution of potential credit and other collection issues such as disputed invoices. The allowance for expected credit losses is determined by analyzing the Company’s historical write-offs, the current aging of receivables, the financial condition of customers and the general economic climate. Adjustments to the allowance may be required in future periods depending on how such potential issues are resolved or if the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments. The Company has not historically had material write-offs due to uncollectible accounts receivable.

Allowances for expected credit losses were $2.3 million and $2.5 million as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively. The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,949	$	2,304
Cumulative effect of accounting change upon adoption of CECL	254		—
Additions	308		244
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(1,669)		(78)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		3
Balance at end of period	$	1,842	$	2,473

Corporate Technology and Production Systems

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Corporate technology and production systems includes costs related to maintaining the Company’s corporate information technology infrastructure and non-capitalizable costs to develop and maintain its production systems.

The following table sets forth expenses included in each category of corporate technology and production systems for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Corporate information technology	$	6,123	$	5,267
Development of platform and product initiatives	4,249		4,414
Production support and maintenance	2,180		2,271
Total production systems	6,429		6,685
Corporate technology and production systems	$	12,552	$	11,952

Corporate information technology consists of salaries and benefits of personnel (including stock-based compensation expense) supporting internal operations such as information technology support and the maintenance of information security and business continuity functions. Also included are third-party costs including cloud computing costs that support the Company’s corporate internal systems, software licensing and maintenance, telecommunications and other technology infrastructure costs.

Production systems costs consist of non-capitalizable personnel costs including contractor costs incurred for the development of platform and product initiatives and production support and maintenance. Platform and product initiatives facilitate the development of the Company’s technology platform and the launch of new screening products. Production support and maintenance includes costs to support and maintain the technology underlying the Company’s existing screening products and to enhance the ease of use of the Company’s cloud applications. Certain personnel costs related to new products and features are capitalized and amortized to depreciation and amortization.

Included within corporate technology and production systems are non-capitalizable production system and corporate information technology expenses related to Project Ignite, a three-phase strategic investment initiative. Phase one of Project Ignite modernized client and candidate experiences and is complete. Phase two of Project Ignite focused on decommissioning the Company’s on-premises data centers and migrating the Company’s production systems and corporate information technological infrastructure to a managed service provider in the cloud. During the first half of 2021, the Company completed phase two initiatives related to the migration of its production and fulfillment systems to the cloud, and as a result, over 95% of revenue is processed through platforms hosted in the cloud. The Company incurred expenses related to phase two to complete the decommissioning of on-premises data centers for internal corporate technology infrastructure and migration to the cloud which was completed as of September 30, 2022. Phase three of Project Ignite is decommissioning of the platforms purchased over the prior ten years and the migration of the clients to one global platform. This third and final phase, which was complete as of March 31, 2023, unified clients onto a single global platform. The Company’s core platform now processes approximately 80% of its global revenue.

3.Recent Accounting Standards Updates

The Company qualifies as an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”). The JOBS Act permits extended transition periods for complying with new or revised accounting standards affecting public companies. The Company has elected to use the extended transition periods and is adopting new or revised accounting standards on the FASB‘s non-public company timeline. As such, the Company’s financial statements may not be comparable to financial statements of public entities that comply with new or revised accounting standards on a non-delayed basis.

The Company will cease to be an emerging growth company upon the earliest of (a) the last day of the fiscal year in which it has total annual gross revenues of $1.235 billion or more; (b) the last day of its fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of its IPO; (c) the date on which it has issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (d) the date on which it is deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur as of the last day of a fiscal year in which the market value of its common stock held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $700 million

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as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter of such fiscal year, which threshold was not exceeded as of June 30, 2022.

4.Acquisitions

Socrates and A-Check Acquisitions

On January 4, 2023, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Socrates Limited and its affiliates (“Socrates”), a screening company in Latin America, pursuant to a share purchase agreement. The Socrates acquisition expands the Company’s global presence into Latin America to serve the rapidly growing regional hiring needs of both multi-national and local clients. On March 1, 2023, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of A-Check Global (“A-Check”), a U.S.-based employment screening organization, pursuant to a share purchase agreement. The A-Check acquisition provides the Company access to a high quality, enterprise-focused customer base diversified across verticals including healthcare and telecom. The aggregate purchase price for the acquisitions totaled approximately $65.9 million, was funded with available cash on hand and is subject to certain closing adjustments specified in the share purchase agreements and includes contingent consideration related to the A-Check acquisition of $4.7 million recorded at fair value. The contingent consideration will be determined based on actual future results. As of March 31, 2023, the fair value of the contingent consideration consisted of $2.6 million for an earn-out payable one year after the acquisition based upon revenue retention and a $2.1 million payable throughout the second and third year following the acquisition based on revenue retention and referral revenue. The Company recorded a preliminary allocation of the purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of their respective purchase dates. Additionally, in connection with the Socrates acquisition, $5.0 million is payable to certain senior employees two years after the acquisition date based on certain retention requirements.

The Company incurred approximately $2.7 million of transaction expenses related to the acquisitions during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The preliminary allocation of the purchase price is based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the applicable acquisition date. The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the amounts recognized for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

(in thousands)
Consideration
Cash	$	11,935
Other current assets
Accounts receivable	4,279
Other current assets	805
Property and equipment	177
Intangible assets	32,141
Other long-term assets	$	6
Total assets acquired	$	49,343
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,156
Other current liabilities	1,291
Deferred tax liability	8,388
Other liabilities	2
Total liabilities assumed	$	10,837
Total identifiable net assets	38,506
Goodwill	27,352
Total consideration	$	65,858

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Goodwill recognized is primarily attributable to assembled workforce and expected synergies and is not tax deductible in future years. Intangible assets acquired consist largely of customer lists in the amount of $28.0 million to be amortized over 15 years. The remaining intangible assets include trade names, developed technology and a non-compete agreement, which will be amortized over two years, eight years, and five years, respectively.

The acquisitions are not material to the Company's financial position as of March 31, 2023 or results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and therefore, pro forma operating results and other disclosures for the acquisitions are not presented.

EBI Acquisition

On November 30, 2021, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Employment Background Investigations, Inc. (“EBI”) for a purchase price of $67.8 million, consisting of $66.3 million of cash and $1.5 million of contingent consideration recorded at fair value. As of December 31, 2022, the purchase price was reduced by $0.3 million reflecting the final determination of the post-closing adjustment of the purchase price in accordance with the purchase agreement with EBI, resulting in an adjusted purchase price of $67.5 million. The receivable related to this adjustment was collected in February 2023.

5.Property and Equipment, net

(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Furniture and fixtures	$	2,568	$	2,516
Computers and equipment	41,084		41,421
Leasehold improvements	6,565		6,587
	50,217		50,524
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(39,876)		(40,924)
Total property and equipment, net	$	10,341	$	9,600

Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $1.1 million and $1.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. There were no write downs of property and equipment during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Write down of abandoned property and equipment no longer in use was less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

6.Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the periods presented were as follows:

(in thousands)
Goodwill as of December 31, 2022	$	849,609
Acquisitions	27,352
Foreign currency translation adjustment	251
Goodwill as of March 31, 2023	$	877,212

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following for the periods presented:

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		December 31, 2022						March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Estimated Useful Lives	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Customer lists	7 - 17 years	$	506,015	$	(340,579)	$	165,436	$	533,848	$	(348,729)	$	185,119
Trademarks	2 - 16 years	77,198		(37,519)		39,679		77,791		(39,010)		38,781
Non-compete agreement	1 - 5 years	3,179		(2,584)		595		3,976		(2,619)		1,357
Technology	3 - 8 years	246,220		(216,330)		29,890		252,943		(220,358)		32,585
Domain names	2 - 15 years	10,118		(4,682)		5,436		10,117		(4,850)		5,267
		$	842,730	$	(601,694)	$	241,036	$	878,675	$	(615,566)	$	263,109

Included within technology is $28.1 million and $30.2 million of internal-use software, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, $5.1 million of technology assets have not yet been put in service.

The Company capitalized $3.7 million of costs to develop internal-use software included in technology during the three months ended March 31, 2022 (consisting of internal costs of $3.0 million and external costs of $0.7 million). The Company capitalized $4.1 million of costs to develop internal-use software included in technology during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (consisting of internal costs of $3.4 million and external costs of $0.7 million).

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded no write-down of capitalized software. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a write-down related to the impairment of capitalized software in the amount of $0.1 million.

Amortization expense was $19.1 million and $14.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

Except for the customer lists, which are amortized utilizing an accelerated method, all other intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the pattern in which economic benefits are consumed. Estimated amortization expense as of March 31, 2023 is as follows for each of the next five years:

(in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,
Remainder of fiscal year 2023	$	71,305
2024	45,083
2025	35,729
2026	27,578
2027	22,070
Thereafter	61,344
	$	263,109

7.Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the periods presented consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Accrued compensation	$	29,835	$	18,392
Accrued cost of revenues	15,721		19,005
Accrued interest	3,143		106
Other accrued expenses	18,348		19,588
Total accrued expenses	$	67,047	$	57,091

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8.Leases

Effective January 1, 2022 using the effective date method, the Company adopted the FASB’s Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASC 842”), which requires the recognition of all leases, including operating leases on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets by recording a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and related liability, and elected to exclude short-term leases from adoption. The lease liability and ROU asset will be remeasured when there is a change in the lease term (or upon the occurrence of another reassessment trigger).

Upon adoption on January 1, 2022, the Company recognized a ROU asset of $23.5 million and a lease liability of $23.8 million.

The Company determines if a contract is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating lease liabilities are measured, on each reporting date, based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the remaining lease term. The Company’s leases generally do not provide an implicit rate and, therefore, the Company used the incremental borrowing rate of the former first lien term loan credit agreement of 4.50% for all leases entered into for the period prior to November 29, 2022. Operating lease assets are measured by adjusting the lease liability for lease incentives, initial direct costs incurred and asset impairments. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term with the operating lease asset reduced by the amount of the expense. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate a lease when they are reasonably certain to occur.

The Company leases real estate and equipment for use in its operations. The Company has 23 operating leases with remaining lease terms ranging from 1 month to 70 months.

The components of lease expense for the periods presented are as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Components of total lease costs
Operating lease expense	$	1,299	$	1,379
Sublease income	(72)		(222)
Total net lease costs	$	1,227	$	1,157

Information related to the Company’s ROU assets and lease liabilities for the period presented is as follows:

(dollar amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Operating leases
Operating leases ROU asset - long-term	$	19,652
Operating leases ROU asset, net	$	19,652
Operating leases liability - current	$	3,565
Operating leases liability - long-term	16,574
Total operating leases liability	$	20,139

Weighted average remaining lease term in years - operating leases	4.5
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	4.50	%

Total remaining lease payments under the Company’s operating leases for the period presented are as follows:

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(in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Remainder of fiscal year 2023	$	4,378
2024	4,958
2025	4,610
2026	3,796
2027	3,468
2028	1,073
Thereafter	85
Total future minimum lease payments	$	22,368
Less: imputed interest	(2,229)
Total	$	20,139

9.Debt

On November 29, 2022, Sterling Infosystems, Inc. (the “Borrower”), a Delaware corporation and a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a credit agreement (the “2022 Credit Agreement”) by and among the Borrower, as borrower, Sterling Intermediate Corp., KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”), certain guarantors party thereto and the lenders party thereto.

The 2022 Credit Agreement provides for aggregate principal borrowings of $700.0 million, comprised of $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of term loans (the “Term Loans”) and a $400.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). The Term Loans and the Revolving Credit Facility mature on November 29, 2027.

The table below sets forth the Company’s long-term debt as presented in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented:

(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Current portion of long-term debt
Term Loans	$	7,500	$	9,375
Total current portion of long-term debt	$	7,500	$	9,375
Long-term debt
Term Loans, due November 29, 2027 (6.76% and 6.91% at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively)	292,500		288,750
Revolving Credit Facility	205,494		205,494
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	(4,004)		(3,810)
Total long-term debt, net	$	493,990	$	490,434

The estimated fair value of the Company’s 2022 Credit Agreement was $487.1 million and $488.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively. These fair values were determined based on quoted prices in markets with similar instruments that are less active (Level 2 inputs as defined below) as an observable price of the 2022 Credit Agreement or similar liabilities is not readily available.

The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under its credit agreement as of March 31, 2023.

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10.Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. An asset or liability’s level in the hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2	Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3	Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flows methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

The Company considers the recorded value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses to approximate the fair value of the respective assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 based upon the short-term nature of such assets and liabilities (Level 1). See Note 9, “Debt” for discussion of the fair value of the Company’s debt.

Interest rate swaps are measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the Company’s financial statements and are considered Level 2 financial instruments. Interest rate swaps are measured based on quoted prices for similar financial instruments and other observable inputs recognized. The currency forward agreements are typically cash settled in U.S. dollars for their fair value at or close to their settlement date.

As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of contingent consideration related to the November 30, 2021 acquisition of EBI totaled $1.2 million and consisted of a $0.9 million earn-out payable two years after the acquisition based upon revenue retention and $0.3 million remaining payable throughout the year following the acquisition based on customer collections on acquired receivables and is considered a Level 3 financial instrument. As of March 31, 2023, contingent consideration for the earn-out payable related to the acquisition of EBI totaled $0.9 million and is considered a Level 3 financial instrument. As of March 31, 2023, contingent consideration related to the A-Check acquisition completed in 2023 totaled $4.7 million and consisted of $2.6 million for an earn-out payable one year after the acquisition based upon revenue retention and a $2.1 million payable throughout the second and third year following the acquisition based on revenue retention and referral revenue. Contingent consideration related to acquisitions is considered a Level 3 financial instrument.

The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their assigned levels within the valuation hierarchy as of December 31, 2022:

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
Contingent consideration - acquisition of EBI	$	—	$	—	$	1,219

The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their assigned levels within the valuation hierarchy as of March 31, 2023:

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(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	1,049	$	—
Liabilities
Interest rate swaps	—		8,024		—
Contingent consideration - acquisition of EBI	—		—		914
Contingent consideration - acquisitions of Socrates and A-Check	—		—		4,706

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company did not re-measure any financial assets or liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. There were no transfers between levels during the periods presented.

11.Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Interest Rate Swap Hedges

To reduce exposure to variability in expected future cash outflows on variable rate debt attributable to the changes in the applicable interest rates under the 2022 Credit Agreement, the Company entered into interest rate swaps to economically offset a portion of this risk.

For interest rate swap derivatives designated and that qualify as hedges for accounting purposes, the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”).

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swap derivatives that were used to hedge its interest rate risks:

Product	Number of Instruments	Effective Date	Maturity Date	Notional
Interest Rate Swaps	4	February 28, 2023	November 29, 2027	$300.0 million USD

All financial derivative instruments are carried at their fair value on the balance sheet. The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the dates presented:

	Asset Derivatives
(in thousands)	As of December 31, 2022			As of March 31, 2023
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Other current assets	$	—	Other current assets	$	1,049
Interest rate swaps	Other assets	—		Other assets	$	—
Total interest rate swaps		$	—		$	1,049

	Liability Derivatives
(in thousands)	As of December 31, 2022			As of March 31, 2023
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Other current liabilities	$	—	Other current liabilities	$	—
Interest rate swaps	Other liabilities	—		Other liabilities	8,024
Total interest rate swaps		$	—		$	8,024

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The tables below present the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023			2022		2023
Derivatives in Hedging Relationships	Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Included Component)				Location of Gain Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	Amount of Gain Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Included Component)
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	(6,877)	Interest expense	$	—	$	97
Total	$	—	$	(6,877)		$	—	$	97

The tables below present the effect of the Company’s cash flow hedge accounting on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
	Interest Expense		Interest Expense
Total amounts of income and expense line items in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded	$	6,336	$	8,608
Gain on cash flow hedging relationships
Interest rate swaps:
Amount of gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into income	$	—	$	97

Non-designated Derivatives

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements and/or the Company has not elected to apply hedge accounting.

Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in earnings.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company did not have any outstanding derivatives not designated as a hedge in qualifying hedging relationships.

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented:

		Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)		2022		2023
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	Location of Loss (Gain) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Amount of Loss (Gain) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Interest rate swaps	Loss (gain) on interest rate swaps	$	(328)	$	—
Total		$	(328)	$	—

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12.    Income Taxes

The computation of the provision for or benefit from income taxes for interim periods is determined by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date income before tax and adjusting for discrete tax items recorded in the period, if any.

The Company recorded a tax provision of $4.1 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 39.6% and 65.1%, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, the effective rate differs from the statutory rate mainly due to a jurisdictional mix of earnings and permanent items.

13.    Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is party to both class actions and individual actions in the ordinary course of business. The matters typically allege violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”), as well as other claims. In addition, from time to time, the Company receives inquiries from regulatory bodies regarding its business. The Company accrues for the cost of resolving matters where it can be determined that a loss is both estimable and probable. Certain matters are in litigation and an estimate of the outcome and potential losses, if any, cannot be determined. Certain of these matters are covered by the Company’s insurance policies, subject to policy terms, including retentions. The Company does not believe that the resolution of current matters will result in a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a legal settlement obligation of $4.2 million and an offsetting insurance receivable of $0.9 million for the settlement of legal matters. As of March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a legal settlement obligation of $3.9 million and an offsetting insurance receivable of $0.9 million for the settlement of legal matters.

Net legal settlement expense recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the unaudited consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 totaled $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

14.    Equity

Under the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, a total of 1,100,000,000 shares of all classes of stock are authorized, divided as follows:

(i)1,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“common stock”); and

(ii)100,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (“preferred stock”).

Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters on which holders of common stock are entitled to vote generally. Holders of common stock are entitled to be paid ratably any dividends as may be declared by the Board of Directors (in its sole discretion), subject to any preferential dividend rights of outstanding preferred stock (if any). No dividends have been declared or paid on the Company’s common stock through March 31, 2023.

The Board of Directors is authorized to direct the issuance of the undesignated preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the designation of such series, the powers (including voting powers), preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, of such series of preferred stock and the number of shares of such series.

On November 23, 2022, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $100.0 million of the Company’s shares of common stock over a period through December 31, 2024. The share repurchase program is being executed on a discretionary basis through open market repurchases, private transactions, or other transactions, including through block trades and Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. The Company is not obligated to repurchase any specific number of shares, and the timing and amount of any share repurchases will be subject to several factors including share price, trading volume, market conditions and capital allocation priorities. The share repurchase program may be suspended, terminated or

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modified without notice at any time. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 493,926 shares of its common stock for $7.7 million.

15.    Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in cost of revenues, corporate, technology and production systems, and selling, general, and administrative expense in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
(in thousands)
Stock-based compensation expense
Cost of revenues	$	413	$	428
Corporate technology and production systems	531		612
Selling, general and administrative	4,164		7,003
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	5,108	$	8,043

Prior to the initial public offering (“IPO”), all share-based awards were issued to employees under the Company’s 2015 Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). Upon the adoption of the Sterling Check Corp. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2021 Equity Plan”) on August 4, 2021 and as of September 22, 2021, all newly granted share-based awards have been issued under the 2021 Equity Plan.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $109.3 million of unrecognized pre-tax non-cash stock-based compensation expense related to awards granted under the 2021 Equity Plan, consisting of approximately $34.8 million related to non-qualified stock options (“NQSOs”), $73.6 million related to restricted stock, and approximately $0.9 million related to restricted stock units (“RSUs”), all of which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average period of 2.84 years.

2015 Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan

The table below provides a summary of service-based vesting options (“SVOs”) and performance-based stock options (“PSOs”) currently outstanding under the 2015 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Outstanding SVOs						Outstanding PSOs
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)
Balances as of December 31, 2022	6,208,274	$	9.59	5.00	$	36,513	3,081,855	$	10.05	3.32	$	16,699
Granted	—	—					—	—
Forfeited / Cancelled	—	—					—	—
Exercised	—	—			—		—	—			—
Balances as of March 31, 2023 (1)	6,208,274	$	9.59	4.72	$	9,693	3,081,855	$	10.05	3.07	$	3,385

__________

(1)    All SVOs and PSOs are exercisable as of March 31, 2023.

On August 4, 2021, the Company amended each option outstanding under the 2015 Plan to (i) accelerate vesting upon an initial public offering and (ii) permit each option to be exercised following termination for any reason for the period set forth in the applicable award agreement or, if longer, an extended post-termination exercise period that would end on the date that is six months following the second anniversary of the effective date of the initial public offering, provided that if such date falls during a blackout period, the post-termination exercise period will be extended until the date that is thirty days after the commencement of the Company’s next open trading window. In connection with the option agreement amendments, the option holders

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agreed that any shares of common stock acquired by such individuals upon exercise of any options outstanding under the 2015 plan (the “LTIP Option Shares”) will be subject to the following transfer restrictions, in addition to any other lock-up restrictions, securities trading policies, and other limitations to which such individuals may be subject: (i) the holder will be able to transfer up to 25% of the LTIP Option Shares at any time after six months following the effectiveness of the registration statement of which the IPO Prospectus formed a part (or such earlier time as the transfer restrictions expire under the lock-up agreements described in the IPO Prospectus under “Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Lock-up Agreements”) but prior to the first anniversary of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which the IPO Prospectus formed a part; (ii) on or after the first anniversary but prior to the second anniversary of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which the IPO Prospectus formed a part, the holder will be able to transfer up to 50% of the LTIP Option Shares (reduced by any of the LTIP Option Shares sold prior to the first anniversary) and (iii) on or after the second anniversary of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which the IPO Prospectus forms a part, the holder will be able to transfer all of his or her LTIP Option Shares. The foregoing transfer restrictions will not apply to any shares of common stock held by any such individual that are not LTIP Option Shares.

2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan

On August 4, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted, and on August 13, 2021 the Company’s stockholders approved, the 2021 Equity Plan. Equity awards under the 2021 Equity Plan are intended to retain and motivate the Company’s officers and employees, consultants and non-employee directors and to promote the success of the Company’s business by providing such participating individuals with a proprietary interest in the performance of the Company. The 2021 Equity Plan will terminate on the tenth anniversary thereof, unless earlier terminated by the Board of Directors. Under the 2021 Equity Plan, the following types of awards can be granted to an eligible individual (as defined by the plan and to the extent permitted by applicable law): incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and NQSOs; stock appreciation rights (“SARs”); restricted stock; RSUs; performance awards; cash-based awards and other share-based awards. Upon its adoption, the 2021 Equity Plan provided that up to 9,433,000 shares may be issued pursuant to awards granted under the 2021 Equity Plan (the “Share Limit”); provided, that, the Share Limit shall be automatically increased on the first day of each calendar year commencing on January 1, 2022 and ending on January 1, 2030 in an amount equal to the lesser of (x) 5% of the total number of shares outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding calendar year, and (y) such number of shares as determined by the Board of Directors, and no more than 9,433,000 shares may be issued upon the exercise of ISOs. As of March 31, 2023, 8,403,520 shares were available for issuance pursuant to future granted awards under the 2021 Equity Plan.

Stock Options

Options issued under the 2021 Equity Plan generally vest on various schedules over one to four-year periods on the anniversary of the grant date, subject to continued employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date. Options issued under the 2021 Equity Plan generally expire ten years after the grant date.

The table below provides a summary of stock option activity under the 2021 Equity Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Fair Value (per share)
	(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	4,387,501	$	22.91	8.81	$	—
Granted	869,874	12.79					$	7.07
Forfeited / Cancelled	—	—
Exercised / Released	—	—			—		—
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	5,257,375	$	21.23	8.79	$	—
Exercisable at March 31, 2023	102,995	$	22.61	8.75	$	—	$	—

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Restricted Stock

Restricted stock issued under the 2021 Equity Plan in connection with the Company’s initial public offering vests 50% on the second anniversary of the grant date and 25% on each of the third and fourth anniversaries of the grant date, subject to continued employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date. Other restricted stock grants issued under the 2021 Equity Plan vest on various schedules over one to four-year periods on the anniversary of the grant date, subject to the continued employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date. Holders of restricted stock are entitled to all rights of a common stockholder of the Company and are subject to restrictions on transfer.

The table below provides a summary of restricted stock activity under the 2021 Equity Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value (per share)
Unvested at December 31, 2022	3,421,920	$	20.32
Granted	1,970,881	12.93
Forfeited / Cancelled	(77,795)	21.67
Vested	(92,370)	22.35
Unvested at March 31, 2023	5,222,636	$	17.47

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units issued under the 2021 Equity Plan in connection with the Company’s initial public offering vest 50% on the second anniversary of the grant date and 25% on each of the third and fourth anniversaries of the grant date, subject to continued employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date. Additional grants of RSUs vest on various schedules over a one to four-year period on the anniversary of the grant date, subject to the continued employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date. Upon vesting, employees will receive shares of common stock in settlement of the units. The table below provides a summary of RSU activity under the 2021 Equity Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value (per share)
Unvested at December 31, 2022	51,249	$	21.18
Granted	12,262	12.79
Forfeited / Cancelled	(2,254)	23.00
Vested	(1,224)	22.35
Unvested at March 31, 2023	60,033	$	19.38

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

There were no stock employee purchase offerings under the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and, accordingly, no eligible employees were enrolled in the ESPP during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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16.    Net Income per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented:

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Numerator:
Net income attributable to stockholders	$	6,236	$	591
Less: Undistributed amounts allocated to participating securities	—		—
Undistributed income allocated to stockholders	$	6,236	$	591
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic	93,967,819		92,877,506
Weighted average additional shares assuming conversion of potential common shares	5,218,637		2,472,836
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	99,186,456		95,350,342
Net income per share attributable to stockholders, basic	$	0.07	$	0.01
Net income per share attributable to stockholders, diluted	$	0.06	$	0.01

The following potentially dilutive outstanding securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented, or issuance of such shares is contingent upon the satisfaction of certain conditions which were not satisfied by the end of the period:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022	2023
Stock options	8,866,851	12,136,464
Restricted Stock Awards	2,272,422	5,160,978
Restricted Stock Units	47,663	59,895

17.    Related Party Transactions

The Company had sales to Goldman Sachs and affiliates in the amount of $1.9 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Outstanding accounts receivable from Goldman Sachs as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 were $0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Additionally, the Company is currently a party to a $75.0 million notional value interest rate swap through November 29, 2027 with J. Aron & Company LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Goldman Sachs. Outstanding accounts receivable from J. Aron & Company LLC as of March 31, 2023 were less than $0.1 million.

The Company had sales to an affiliate of certain stockholders that, to the Company’s knowledge, collectively own greater than 10% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock (the “Stockholders”) in the amount of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023. Outstanding accounts receivable from an affiliate of the Stockholders were less than $0.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and $0.1 million as of March 31, 2023.

18.    Revenue

Performance Obligations

Substantially all of the Company’s revenues are recognized at a point in time as results from services are provided through a screening report and the customer takes control of the product when the report is completed. Accordingly, revenue is generally recognized at the point in time when the customer receives and can use the report.

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For revenue arrangements containing multiple products or services, the Company accounts for the individual products or services as separate performance obligations if they are distinct, the product or service is separately identifiable from other terms in the contract, and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. If these criteria are not met, the promised products or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. The Company allocates the contract price to each performance obligation based on the standalone selling prices of each distinct product or service in the contract.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables set forth total revenue by type of service for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Screening services	$	189,748	$	176,871
Other services	2,224		2,403
Total revenue	$	191,972	$	179,274

The following table sets forth total revenue by geographic area in which the revenues and invoicing are recorded for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
United States	$	159,316	$	149,742
All other countries	32,656		29,532
Total revenue	$	191,972	$	179,274

Other than the U.S., no single country accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023. Substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets were located in the U.S. as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are recognized as an asset if the benefit of such costs is expected to be longer than one year, with a majority of contracts being multi-year. Incremental costs include commissions to the sales force and are amortized over three years, as management estimates that this corresponds to the period over which a customer benefits from the contract. As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, $3.3 million and $3.3 million, respectively, of deferred commissions are included in Other current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and approximately $2.7 million and $2.7 million, respectively, of deferred commissions are included in Other noncurrent assets, net on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company did not have any material contract liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023.

Concentrations

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue. No single customer had an accounts receivable balance greater than 10% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023.

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19.    Subsequent Events

The Company moved to a virtual-first strategy in 2020 and has closed or reduced the size of 12 offices globally. As a result of the success to date of the Company’s virtual-first strategy, the Company intends to close or reduce the size of its remaining offices during 2023, including the closure of the Company’s current principal executive office in New York. The Company’s new principal executive office will be the Company’s existing office in Ohio. The Company is currently assessing the financial impact of continuing to close multiple offices and relocating its principal executive office location.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes for the three months ended March 31, 2023. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to those differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in the sections titled “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2023 (“2022 Annual Report”) and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “Sterling,” “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” and similar references refer to Sterling Check Corp.

Numerical figures included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals in various tables may not be arithmetic aggregations of the figures that precede them. In addition, we round certain percentages presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the nearest whole number. As a result, figures expressed as percentages in the text may not total 100% or, when aggregated, may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the percentages that precede them.

Overview

We are a leading global provider of technology-enabled background and identity verification services. We provide the foundation of trust and safety that our clients need to create great environments for their most essential resource—people. We offer a comprehensive hiring and risk management solution that begins with identity verification, followed by criminal background screening, credential verification, drug and health screening, processing of employee documentation required for onboarding and ongoing risk monitoring. Our services are generally delivered through our purpose-built, proprietary, cloud-based technology platform that empowers organizations with real-time and data-driven insights to conduct and manage their employment screening programs efficiently and effectively. Our clients face a dynamic and rapidly evolving global labor market with increasing complexity and regulatory requirements. We believe that our services and platform enable organizations to make more informed employment decisions, improve workplace safety, protect their brand and mitigate risk. As a result, we believe our solutions are mission-critical to our clients’ core human resources, risk management and compliance functions. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, we completed over 110 million searches for over 50,000 clients, including over 50% of the Fortune 100 and over 50% of the Fortune 500.

Our client-centric approach underpins everything we do. We serve a diverse and global client base in a wide range of industries, such as healthcare, gig economy, financial and business services, industrials, retail, contingent, technology, media and entertainment, transportation and logistics, hospitality, education and government. Employers are facing numerous challenges, including complex and changing legal and regulatory requirements, a rise in fraudulent job applications, a growing spotlight on reputation and a more complex global workforce. Successfully navigating these challenges requires an industry-specific perspective, given differing candidate profiles, economics, competitive dynamics and regulatory demands. To serve these differing needs, our sales and support delivery model is organized around teams dedicated to specific industries (“Verticals”) and geographic markets (“Regions”). Our delivery model provides our clients with both the personal touch and consultative partnership of a small boutique firm and the global reach, scale, innovation and resources of an industry leader. Additionally, this delivery model supports our principle of “Compliance by Design”, enabling clients to maintain compliance globally. We believe the combination of our deep market expertise from our sales and support combined with the flexibility of our proprietary technology platform enable us to deliver industry-relevant, highly specialized solutions to our clients in a scalable manner, driving growth and differentiating us from our competitors.

We offer an extensive suite of global products addressing a wide range of complex client needs, and we see compelling opportunities to continue extending our operating presence in other geographies. We believe we have a unique ability to translate client needs into superior local market solutions through a combination of portfolio depth and breadth, local know-how and language capabilities. Additionally, we view a targeted,

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disciplined approach to strategic mergers and acquisitions (“M&A”) as highly complementary to our other key growth objectives, compounding and/or accelerating related opportunities. Through our investments in technology, we have established a unified platform, allowing us to quickly integrate targets and drive synergies. Our core platform processes approximately 80% of our global revenue. We expect to continue to increase the revenue processed on our core platform in 2023. We expect Sterling’s proven track record of M&A—with 11 acquisitions over the last 11 years—to continue to support and elevate the various layers of our future growth profile.

Throughout our more than 45-year operating history, innovation and self-disruption have been at the core of what we do every day. Our history of unique, industry-oriented market insights allows us to be at the forefront of innovation which includes multiple industry-leading solutions. For example, we pioneered criminal fulfillment technology (CourtDirect), arrest record and incarceration alert products, post-hire monitoring capabilities, artificial intelligence-enhanced record review and validation process and the industry’s only proprietary technology in a single-sourced U.S.-nationwide fingerprint network. Our commitment to innovation has continued with the recent development of enhanced global language support capabilities, a cloud-based operating platform, our exclusive partnership with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. serving as their fingerprint services provider, and a comprehensive global identity verification solution through our partnership with ID.me in the U.S. and Yoti internationally. Enabled by our market leadership and platform investments, we have established a foundation and roadmap for future innovation which includes industry-specific products, growing our Identity-as-a-Service capabilities and further geographic expansion.

As part of our journey of growth and optimization, we continue to refine our corporate strategy and are committed to our goal of delivering stockholder value by executing on the growth opportunities in front of us. We have a number of key execution elements to help us achieve our goals, including increasing our revenues with existing clients, acquiring new clients, growing market share internationally, and utilizing M&A to supplement our organic revenue growth. As part of our refreshed strategy, in 2022, we began executing on a restructuring program to realign senior leadership and functions, with the goal of elevating our go-to-market strategy and accelerating our technology and product innovation. We believe we are differentiated from competitors and well-positioned to achieve our goal of being the world’s most trusted background and identity services company due to our deep market expertise, unrivaled client service, best-in-class data, and seamless workflows. At the end of 2022, we also launched Project Nucleus, which we expect to drive meaningful cost savings and efficiency gains. The goal of this initiative is to enhance our organization by re-engineering processes, driving fulfillment cost reductions and identifying and executing on additional automation opportunities.

Trends and Other Factors Affecting Our Performance

Macroeconomic and Job Environment

Our business is impacted by the overall economic environment and our clients’ hiring volumes. In the latter half of the third quarter of 2022, base growth began to moderate due to macroeconomic uncertainty related to factors including inflation, monetary policy and fiscal policy. Although December 2022 was still the trough for decline in base business, this moderation has continued through the first quarter of 2023 during which we experienced a year-over-year decline in base business with our existing clients that offset positive trends in other revenue drivers, including growth from new clients, up-sell and cross-sell and retention. The ongoing macroeconomic factors have caused uncertainty among our clients and general populace of a future economic downturn or recession. Given the uncertain conditions, it is challenging to predict the hiring and turnover trends of our clients.

Emerging Growth Company

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2021 permits us, as an “emerging growth company,” to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for private companies.

We will cease to be an emerging growth company upon the earliest of (a) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.235 billion or more; (b) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the IPO; (c) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (d) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur as of the last day of a

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fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter of such fiscal year, which threshold was not exceeded as of June 30, 2022.

Recent Accounting Standards Updates

Refer to Note 3, “Recent Accounting Standards Updates” of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information about recent accounting pronouncements.

Components of Our Results of Operations

The following discussion summarizes the key components of our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). We have one operating and reportable segment.

Revenues

We generate revenue by providing identity verification and background services to our clients. We have an attractive business model underpinned by stable and highly recurring transactional revenues, significant operating leverage and low capital requirements that contribute to strong cash flow generation. We recognize revenue under the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”). Under ASC 606, we recognize revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to clients, generally at a point in time, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we are entitled to for those goods or services. A majority of our enterprise client contracts are exclusive to Sterling or require Sterling to be used as the primary provider. Additionally, they are typically multi-year agreements with automatic renewal terms, no termination for convenience clauses and set pricing with Sterling’s right to increase prices annually upon notice, including the ability to increase pass-through costs to our clients with 30 days’ notice. The strength of our contracts combined with our high levels of client retention results in a high degree of revenue visibility.

Our revenue drivers are acquiring new clients (which we measure by new client growth, calculated as discussed in the following paragraph), and growth in existing client base through retaining existing clients (which we measure by gross retention rate, calculated as discussed in the following paragraph), and growing our existing client relationships through upselling, cross-selling, and organic and inorganic growth in our client’s operations that lead to an increase in hiring (which we measure by base business growth with existing clients, calculated as discussed in the following paragraph).

New client growth for the relevant period is calculated as revenues from clients that are in the first twelve months of billing with Sterling divided by total revenues from the prior period, expressed as a percentage. Existing client growth is defined as: (i) base business with existing clients due to increased or decreased volumes, which is calculated as change in revenues in the current period from clients that have been billing with us for longer than twelve calendar months, plus (ii) additional revenue from cross-sell and up-sell, net of (iii) attrition, which is the revenue impact from accounts considered lost. Existing client growth is expressed as a percentage, where the denominator is total revenues from the prior period. Gross retention rate is a percentage, the numerator of which is prior period revenues less the revenue impact from accounts considered lost and the denominator is prior period revenues. The revenue impact is calculated as revenue decline of lost accounts in the relevant period from the prior period for the months after they were considered lost. Therefore, the attrition impact of clients lost in the current year may be partially captured in both the current and following period’s retention rates depending on what point during the period they are lost. Our gross retention rate does not factor in the revenue impact, whether growth or decline, attributable to existing clients or the incremental revenue impact of new clients.

In addition to organic growth through the drivers mentioned above, we may from time to time consider acquisitions that drive growth in our business. In those instances, inorganic growth will refer to the revenue from acquisitions for the twelve months following an acquisition. Any incremental revenue generation thereafter will be considered organic growth.

Our revenues come from the following services which are sold as a bundle or individually, with revenue recognized at the time of delivery of background screening reports.

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•Identity Verification - Leveraging innovative technologies in fingerprinting, facial recognition and ID validation to verify that candidates are who they say they are.

•Background Checks - County, state and federal criminal checks fulfilled through proprietary automation technology enabling global criminal screening capabilities in over 240 countries and territories. Other services include credit checks, civil checks, motor vehicle registration confirmation and social media checks.

•Credential Verification - Thorough employment and education verification services and licensing certification backed by a powerful fulfillment engine.

•Drug and Health Screening - Comprehensive, accurate and fast drug and health screening services through a network of over 20,000 collection sites supporting the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration in the U.S.

•Onboarding - Custom forms including I-9 and eVerify employment eligibility, tax withholding forms and Equal Employment Opportunity disclosure forms, with built-in compliance and dynamic validation.

•Post-Hire Monitoring - Continuous screening allowing for greater mobility and safety for remote, onsite and contingent jobs and also ensuring prompt risk warnings on any changes to an employee’s profile.

Operating Expenses

Our cost structure is flexible and provides us with operational leverage to be able to effectively adapt to changing client needs and broader economic events. Additionally, in 2021 and 2022, we implemented strategic structural changes in our business to improve operating leverage and accelerate modernizing our technological infrastructure including leveraging robotics process automation. We moved to a virtual-first strategy in 2020 and have closed or reduced the size of 12 offices globally and began reducing our data center footprint as we executed moving our revenue to the cloud and streamlined our sales and operations organization for greater operational efficiency. Due to the success to date of the virtual-first strategy, we will exit or reduce the size of remaining offices during 2023, including the closure of our principal office and headquarters in New York and move our headquarters to an existing administrative office in Ohio.

As part of our refreshed strategy, in 2022, we began executing on a restructuring program to realign senior leadership and functions, with the goal of elevating our go-to-market strategy and accelerating our technology and product innovation. At the end of 2022, we also launched Project Nucleus which we expect to drive meaningful cost savings and efficiency gains in our cost of revenues. This initiative aims to enhance our organization by re-engineering processes, driving fulfillment cost reductions and identifying and executing on additional automation opportunities. In any given period, operating expenses are driven by the amount of revenue, mix of clients and products, and impact of automation, productivity and procurement initiatives. While we expect operating expenses to increase in absolute dollars to support our continued growth, we believe that operating expenses will decline gradually as a percentage of total revenues in the future as our business grows and our operating scale continues to improve.

Operating expenses include the following costs:

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues includes costs related to delivery of services and includes third-party vendor costs associated with acquisition of data and to a lesser extent, costs related to our onshore and offshore fulfillment teams and facilities and hosting costs for our cloud-based platforms. Our ability to grow profitably depends on our ability to manage our cost structure. Our costs are affected by third-party costs including government fees and data vendor costs, as these third parties have discretion to adjust pricing.

Third-party data costs include amounts paid to third parties for access to government records, other third-party data and services, as well as costs related to our court runner network. Third-party costs of services are largely variable in nature. Where applicable, these are typically invoiced to our clients as direct pass-through costs.

Cost of revenues also includes salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense for personnel involved in the processing and fulfillment of our screening products and solutions, as well as our client care

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organization, and facilities costs for our onshore and offshore fulfillment centers. Additional vendor costs are third-party costs for robotics process automation related to fulfillment, and third-party costs related to hosting our fulfillment platforms in the cloud. We do not allocate depreciation and amortization to cost of revenues.

Corporate Technology and Production Systems

Included in this line item are costs related to maintaining our corporate information technology infrastructure and non-capitalizable costs to develop and maintain our production systems.

Corporate information technology expenses consist of personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, supporting internal operations such as information technology support and the maintenance of our information security and business continuity functions. Also included are third-party costs including cloud computing costs that support our corporate internal systems, software licensing and maintenance, telecommunications and other technology infrastructure costs.

Production systems costs consist of non-capitalizable personnel costs including contractor costs incurred for the development of platform and product initiatives, and production support and maintenance. Platform and product initiatives facilitate the development of our technology platform and the launch of new screening products. Production support and maintenance includes costs to support and maintain the technology underlying our existing screening products, and to enhance the ease of use for our cloud applications. Certain personnel costs related to new products and features are capitalized and amortization of these capitalized costs is included in the depreciation and amortization line item.

Included within Corporate technology and production systems are non-capitalizable production system and corporate information technology expenses related to Project Ignite, a three-phase strategic investment initiative. Phase one of Project Ignite modernized client and candidate experiences and is complete. Phase two of Project Ignite, which was completed in 2022, focused on decommissioning our on-premises data centers and migrating our production systems and corporate information technological infrastructure to a managed service provider in the cloud and resulted in over 95% of our revenue being processed through platforms hosted in the cloud and allows us to consistently maintain 99.9% platform availability while being prepared to scale into the future. Phase three of Project Ignite was decommissioning of platforms purchased over the prior ten years and the migration of the clients to one global platform. This third and final phase, which was complete as of March 31, 2023, unified our clients onto a single global platform. Our core platform now processes approximately 80% of our global revenue. We expect to continue to increase the revenue processed on our core platform in 2023.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling expenses consist of personnel costs, travel expenses and other expenses for our client success, sales and marketing teams. Additionally, selling expenses include the cost of marketing and promotional events, corporate communications and other brand-building activities. General and administrative expenses consist of personnel and related expenses for human resources, legal and compliance, finance, global shared services and executives. Additional costs include professional fees, stock-based compensation, insurance premiums and other corporate expenses.

While our selling, general, and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses have increased over the last several years due to additional public company related reporting and compliance costs, we expect expenses to stabilize in the future as a result of strategic initiatives to drive operational efficiencies.

In addition, non-cash stock-based compensation expense associated with special one-time bonus grants in connection with the IPO of options and restricted stock under our Sterling Check Corp. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (discussed in Note 15, “Stock-based Compensation” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of our 2022 Annual Report) began in the third quarter of 2021 and will continue over the following four years. Over the long term, we expect our SG&A expenses to decrease as a percentage of our revenue as we leverage our past investments.

Depreciation and Amortization

Definite-lived intangible assets consist of intangibles acquired through acquisition and the costs of developing internal-use software. They are amortized using a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives except for customer lists, to which we apply an accelerated method of amortization. The costs of developing internal-use software are capitalized during the application development stage. Amortization commences when

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the software is placed into service and is computed using the straight-line method over the useful life of the underlying software of three years.

Depreciation of our property and equipment is computed on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the assets, generally three to five years or, for leasehold improvements, the shorter of seven years or the term of the lease.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, equipment and capitalized internal use software subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, such as (i) a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which it is being used or in its physical condition, (ii) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in business climate that could affect its value, or (iii) a current-period operation or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with its use. An asset is considered impaired if the carrying amount exceeds the undiscounted future net cash flows the asset is expected to generate. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds its fair value. The adjusted carrying amount of the asset becomes its new cost basis. For a depreciable long-lived asset, the new cost basis will be depreciated or amortized over the remaining useful life of that asset. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less selling costs.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense consists of interest, the amortization of loan discount and deferred financing fees on the outstanding debt, and includes proceeds received or settlements paid on our designated interest rate swaps.

On February 28, 2023, we entered into amortizing $300.0 million notional value interest rate swaps. The notional value steps down from $300.0 million to $150.0 million on February 27, 2026. The swap provides for us to pay, as applied to the notional value, a fixed rate of interest of 4.26% monthly and receive, on a monthly basis, an amount equal to the greater of the one-month term SOFR and a floor of (0.10%), as applied to the notional value (the “Floating Leg”). The interest rate swap matures on November 29, 2027.

Gain on Interest Rate Swaps

Gain on interest rate swaps consists of realized and unrealized losses (gains) on our historical non-designated derivative interest rate swaps, which we entered into to reduce our exposure to variability in expected future cash flows on our previous credit agreement, which bore interest at a variable rate. Unrealized gains and losses result from changes in the fair value of the swap and realized gains and losses reflect the amounts payable or receivable between the fixed rate on the swap and the variable rate under the previous credit agreement. Our non-designated derivative interest rate swap expired in June 2022 and did not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.

Income Tax Provision

Income tax provision consists of domestic and foreign corporate income taxes related to earnings from our sale of services, with statutory tax rates that differ by jurisdiction. We expect the income earned by our international entities to grow over time as a percentage of total income, which may impact our effective income tax rate. However, our effective tax rate will be affected by many other factors including changes in tax laws, regulations or rates, new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, shifts in the allocation of income earned throughout the world and changes in overall levels of income before tax. The computation of the provision for or benefit from income taxes for interim periods is determined by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date income (loss) before tax and adjusting for discrete tax items recorded in the period, if any.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

The following table sets forth certain historical consolidated and comparative financial information for the periods presented:

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	Three Months Ended March 31,						Increase/ (Decrease)
	2022			2023			$		%
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenues	$	191,972		$	179,274		$	(12,698)	(6.6)	%
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and     amortization below)	100,956			94,754			(6,202)		(6.1)	%
Corporate technology and production systems	12,552			11,952			(600)		(4.8)	%
Selling, general and administrative	42,333			47,451			5,118		12.1	%
Depreciation and amortization	20,156			15,122			(5,034)		(25.0)	%
Impairments of long-lived assets	—			106			106		100.0	%
Total operating expenses	175,997			169,385			(6,612)		(3.8)	%
Operating income	15,975			9,889			(6,086)		(38.1)	%
Interest expense, net	6,336			8,608			2,272		35.9	%
Gain on interest rate swaps	(328)			—			328		(100.0)	%
Other income	(354)			(412)			58		16.4	%
Total other expense, net	5,654			8,196			2,542		45.0	%
Income before income taxes	10,321			1,693			(8,628)		83.6	%
Income tax provision	4,085			1,102			(2,983)		73.0	%
Net income	$	6,236		$	591		$	(5,645)	90.5	%
Net income margin	3.2		%	0.3		%			89.9	%
Net income per share - basic	$	0.07		$	0.01		$	(0.06)	(85.7)	%

Revenues

Revenues decreased by 6.6%, or $12.7 million, from $192.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $179.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The 6.6% decrease in revenue was driven by a 7.1% decrease in organic constant currency revenue and a 1.0% unfavorable impact from fluctuations in foreign currency partially offset by 1.5% inorganic growth from the acquisitions of Socrates and A-Check. The organic revenue decrease reflected a decline in existing client business of approximately 13% including base, cross-sell and up-sell, and net of attrition offset by new client growth of approximately 5%. Year-over-year decline in base business was driven by lower hiring volumes by our clients due to macroeconomic uncertainty. Our investments in technology and products, coupled with our best-in-class turnaround times and customer-first focus, enabled our gross retention rate to remain strong at approximately 95% for the last twelve months ended March 31, 2023. Pricing was relatively stable across the periods and not meaningful to the change in revenues.

Total revenue in our U.S. business decreased 6.0% year-over-year. We experienced growth in our Healthcare and Industrials Verticals, however, this growth was primarily offset by declines in our Financial and Business Services, Retail, Contingent and Tech and Media Verticals. Our international business experienced total revenue decline of 9.6% driven by a decline in base business combined with the unfavorable foreign exchange fluctuation.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues decreased by 6.1%, or $6.2 million, from $101.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $94.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. This was primarily driven by a $6.7 million decrease due to decreased volume partially offset by $0.6 million of accelerated costs related to the completion of the EBI platform migration.

Cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues increased by 30 basis points from 52.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to 52.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 driven by the accelerated costs related to the completion of the EBI platform migration.

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Corporate Technology and Production Systems

Corporate technology and production systems decreased by 4.8%, or $0.6 million, from $12.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $12.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. These expenses include costs related to maintaining our corporate information technology infrastructure and non-capitalizable costs to develop and maintain our production systems. Costs related to maintaining our corporate information technology infrastructure decreased by $0.9 million from $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to lower headcount, lower software maintenance support, telecommunications and other expenses as a result of synergies realized from the EBI acquisition. Costs to develop platform and product initiatives increased by $0.2 million from $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to additional payroll and related expenses. Costs related to maintaining our production systems increased by $0.1 million from $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to software licenses, maintenance costs and cloud hosting costs.

These expenses also include non-capitalizable costs related to Project Ignite. We incurred $1.0 million related to phase two and $2.2 million related to phase three during the three months ended March 31, 2022, and $3.1 million related to phase three during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The third and final phase of Project Ignite was completed as of March 31, 2023. For more information about Project Ignite, please see “—Components of our Results of Operations—Operating Expenses—Corporate Technology and Production Systems.”

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, corporate technology and production systems expenses also include $0.3 million of restructuring-related charges to support our strategy refresh.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 12.1%, or $5.1 million, from $42.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $47.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The year-over-year increase was primarily driven by a $2.6 million increase in professional fees and transaction related expenses to support the Socrates and A-check acquisitions, a $2.5 million increase in restructuring-related charges to support our strategy refresh, and a $2.8 million increase in stock-based compensation partially offset by a $3.0 million decrease in payroll, bonus, commissions and other employee related costs due to reduction in headcount.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by 25.0%, or $5.0 million, from $20.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $15.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to a $5.5 million decrease in intangible asset amortization resulting from assets being fully amortized and new intangible assets being added at lower rates compared to those which became fully amortized in the period. This year-over-year decrease was partially offset by a $0.5 million increase in amortization of intangible assets acquired from the Socrates and A-Check acquisitions.

Impairments of Long-Lived Assets

Impairments of long-lived assets totaled $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The impairments of long-lived assets during the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily resulted from the write-off of capitalized software.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense increased by 35.9%, or $2.3 million, from $6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $8.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to the increase in interest rates. The realized gain on interest rate swaps for the three months ended March 31, 2023 related to the designated interest rate swaps entered into in February 2023. This realized gain was $0.1 million and was recorded as a reduction to interest expense. Amortization of the loan discount and deferred financing fees resulted in expense of $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023.

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Gain on Interest Rate Swaps

Gain on interest rate swaps totaled $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 due to a realized loss of $2.1 million offset by a mark-to-market gain of $2.4 million. The historical non-designated derivative interest rate swaps expired in June 2022.

Income Tax Provision

Income tax provision decreased $3.0 million from $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, resulting in an effective tax rate of 39.6% and 65.1%, respectively. The decrease in the income tax provision is primarily due to the decrease in income before taxes. Income before taxes decreased $8.6 million from $10.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, the effective rate differs from the statutory rate mainly due to a jurisdictional mix of earnings and permanent items.

Net Income and Net Income Margin

Net income decreased $5.6 million from net income of $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to net income of $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Net income margin decreased from a net income margin of 3.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to a net income margin of 0.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The decrease in both net income and net income margin resulted primarily from lower revenues due to the macroeconomic environment resulting in decreased operating income coupled with the increase in interest expense due to the rising interest rate environment.

Net Income per Share

Net income per share decreased $0.06 per share from net income of $0.07 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to net income of $0.01 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 due to the decrease in net income.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “non-GAAP financial measures,” which are financial measures that are not calculated and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

Specifically, we make use of the non-GAAP financial measures “organic constant currency revenue growth (decline)”, “Adjusted EBITDA,” “Adjusted EBITDA Margin,” “Adjusted Net Income,” “Adjusted Earnings Per Share” and “Free Cash Flow” to assess the performance of our business.

Organic constant currency revenue growth (decline) is calculated by adjusting for inorganic revenue growth (decline), which is defined as the impact to revenue growth (decline) in the current period from M&A activity that has occurred over the past twelve months, and converting the current period revenue at foreign currency exchange rates consistent with the prior period. We present organic constant currency revenue growth (decline) because we believe it assists investors and analysts in comparing our operating performance across reporting periods on a consistent basis by excluding items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance; however, it has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider such a measure either in isolation or as a substitute for analyzing our results as reported under US GAAP. In particular, organic constant currency revenue growth (decline) does not reflect M&A activity or the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) adjusted for provision (benefit) for income taxes, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, transaction expenses related to the IPO and one-time public company transition expenses, M&A activity, optimization and restructuring, technology transformation costs, foreign currency (gains) and losses and other costs affecting comparability. Adjusted EBITDA Margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue for the applicable period. We present Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin because we believe they assist investors and analysts in comparing our operating performance across reporting periods on a consistent basis by excluding items that we

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do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance. Management and our board of directors use Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin to evaluate the factors and trends affecting our business to assess our financial performance and in preparing and approving our annual budget and believe they are helpful in highlighting trends in our core operating performance. Further, our executive incentive compensation is based in part on components of Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for our results as reported under US GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA excludes items that can have a significant effect on our profit or loss and should, therefore, be considered only in conjunction with net income (loss) for the period. Because not all companies use identical calculations, these measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.

Adjusted Net Income is a non-GAAP profitability measure. Adjusted Net Income is defined as net income (loss) adjusted for amortization of acquired intangible assets, stock-based compensation, transaction expenses related to the IPO and one-time public company transition expenses, M&A activity, optimization and restructuring, technology transformation costs, and certain other costs affecting comparability, adjusted for the applicable tax rate. Adjusted Earnings Per Share is defined as Adjusted Net Income divided by diluted weighted average shares for the applicable period. We present Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share because we believe they assist investors and analysts in comparing our operating performance across reporting periods on a consistent basis by excluding certain material non-cash items and unusual items that we do not expect to continue at the same level in the future. Our management believes that the inclusion of supplementary adjustments to net income (loss) applied in presenting Adjusted Net Income provide additional information to investors about certain material non-cash items and about items that we do not expect to continue at the same level in the future. Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider such measures either in isolation or as substitutes for analyzing our results as reported under US GAAP.

Free Cash Flow is defined as Net Cash provided by (used in) Operating Activities minus purchases of property and equipment and purchases of intangible assets and capitalized software. We present Free Cash Flow because we believe it provides cash available for strategic measures, after making necessary capital investments in property and equipment to support ongoing business operations, and provides investors with the same measures that management uses as the basis for making resource allocation decisions. Free Cash Flow has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider such measure either in isolation or as a substitute for analyzing our results as reported under US GAAP. Historically, we presented Adjusted Free Cash Flow, defined as Net Cash provided by (used in) Operating Activities minus purchases of property and equipment and purchases of intangible assets and capitalized software and reflecting adjustments for one-time, cash, non-operating expenses related to the IPO. As there are no adjustments related to the IPO for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, nor in the subsequent periods from such dates, management believes that Free Cash Flow is a more relevant measure.

Organic Constant Currency Revenue Growth (Decline)

The following table reconciles revenue growth (decline), the most directly comparable US GAAP measure, to organic constant currency revenue growth (decline) for the periods presented. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, we have provided the impact of revenue from the acquisition of EBI. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we have provided the impact of revenue from the acquisitions of Socrates and A-Check.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Reported revenue growth (decline)	37.7	%	(6.6)	%
Inorganic revenue growth (1)	8.0	%	1.5	%
Impact from foreign currency exchange (2)	(0.7)	%	(1.0)	%
Organic constant currency revenue growth (decline)	30.4	%	(7.1)	%

__________

(1)Impact to revenue growth (decline) in the current period from M&A activity that has occurred over the past twelve months.

(2)Impact to revenue growth (decline) in the current period from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

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Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

Adjusted EBITDA decreased by 4.4%, or $2.0 million, from $47.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $45.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 predominantly due to the decrease in net income resulting from a decline in revenues. Adjusted EBITDA Margin increased by 60 basis points year-over-year from 24.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to 25.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 due to strong cost controls and financial discipline.

The following table reconciles net income, the most directly comparable US GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2023
(dollars in thousands)
Net income	$	6,236		$	591
Income tax provision	4,085			1,102
Interest expense, net	6,336			8,608
Depreciation and amortization	20,156			15,122
Stock-based compensation	5,108			8,043
Transaction expenses(1)	1,888			5,126
Restructuring(2)	346			3,273
Technology Transformation(3)	3,762			3,233
Gain on interest rate swaps(4)	(328)			—
Other(5)	47			457
Adjusted EBITDA	$	47,636		$	45,555
Adjusted EBITDA Margin	24.8		%	25.4		%

_________________________

(1)Consists of transaction expenses related to M&A, associated earn-outs, costs related to the preparation of the IPO, one-time public company transition expenses and fees associated with financing transactions. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, costs consisted primarily of $1.5 million of one-time public company transition expenses and $0.3 million related to M&A. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, costs consisted primarily of $2.7 million of M&A related costs for the acquisitions of Socrates and A-Check, $1.1 million of M&A costs for the EBI acquisition primarily due to the acceleration of contract costs related to completion of the EBI platform migration and $1.3 million of registration statement costs, one-time public company transition expenses and expenses related to executing our interest rate swap.

(2)Consists of restructuring-related costs, including executive recruiting and severance charges, and lease termination costs and disposal of fixed assets related to our real estate consolidation efforts. Beginning in 2020, we began executing a virtual-first strategy, closing offices and reducing office space globally. In 2022, we began executing on a restructuring program to realign senior leadership and functions with the goal of elevating our go-to-market strategy and accelerating our technology and product innovation. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, costs consisted of $0.3 million in expenses related to our real estate consolidation program. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, costs consisted of $2.9 million of restructuring-related charges and $0.3 million of real estate consolidation costs.

(3)Includes costs related to technology modernization, as well as costs related to decommissioning of on-premise production systems and redundant fulfillment systems of acquired companies and the migration to our platform. We believe that these costs are discrete and non-recurring in nature, as they relate to a one-time restructuring and decommissioning of our on-premise production systems and corporate technological infrastructure and the move to a managed service provider, decommissioning redundant fulfillment systems and modernizing internal functional systems. As such, they are not normal, recurring operating expenses and are not reflective of ongoing trends in the cost of doing business. The significant majority of

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these are related to the last two phases of Project Ignite, a three-phase strategic investment initiative launched in 2019 to create an enterprise-class global platform, with the remainder related to an investment made to modernize internal functional systems in preparation for our public company infrastructure. Phase two of Project Ignite was completed in 2022 and phase three of Project Ignite was complete as of March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, investment related to Project Ignite was approximately $3.2 million and the remaining $0.6 million related to costs for decommissioning of the on-premise production system and decommissioning of the redundant fulfillment system of EBI and migrating onto our platform. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, investment related to Project Ignite was approximately $3.1 million. The remaining $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 relates to costs for decommissioning of the on-premise production system and decommissioning of the redundant fulfillment system of EBI and migrating onto our platform.

(4)Consists of gain on historical non-designated derivative interest rate swaps. See Part I. Item 3. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk—Interest Rate Risk” for additional information on interest rate swaps.

(5)Consists of costs related to loss on foreign currency transactions.

The following table presents the calculation of Net income margin and Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
(dollars in thousands)
Net income	$	6,236	$	591
Adjusted EBITDA	$	47,636	$	45,555
Revenues	$	191,972	$	179,274

Net income margin	3.2	%	0.3	%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin	24.8	%	25.4	%

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share

Adjusted Net Income decreased by 4.6%, or $1.1 million, from $24.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $23.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by the decline in revenues.

Adjusted Earnings Per Share—basic decreased by 3.8%, or $0.01 per share, from $0.26 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $0.25 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Adjusted Earnings Per Share—diluted decreased from $0.25 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $0.24 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in Earnings Per Share—basic and Earnings Per Share—diluted was primarily due to the decrease in revenues leading to a decrease in Adjusted Net Income.

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The following table reconciles net income, the most directly comparable US GAAP measure, to Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net income	$	6,236	$	591
Income tax provision	4,085		1,102
Income before income taxes	10,321		1,693
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	13,764		10,061
Stock-based compensation	5,108		8,043
Transaction expenses(1)	1,888		5,126
Restructuring(2)	346		3,273
Technology Transformation(3)	3,762		3,233
Gain on interest rate swaps(4)	(328)		—
Other(5)	47		457
Adjusted Net Income before income tax effect	34,908		31,886
Income tax effect(6)	10,507		8,600
Adjusted Net Income	$	24,401	$	23,286
Net Income per share—basic	$	0.07	$	0.01
Net Income per share—diluted	$	0.06	$	0.01
Adjusted Earnings Per Share—basic	$	0.26	$	0.25
Adjusted Earnings Per Share—diluted	$	0.25	$	0.24

____________________________

(1)Consists of transaction expenses related to M&A, associated earn-outs, investor management fees, costs related to the preparation of the IPO, one-time public company transition expenses and fees associated with financing transactions.

(2)Consists of restructuring-related costs, including executive recruiting and severance charges, and lease termination costs and disposal of fixed assets related to our real estate consolidation efforts. Beginning in 2020, we began executing a virtual-first strategy, closing offices and reducing office space globally. In 2022, we began executing on a restructuring program to realign senior leadership and functions with the goal of elevating our go-to-market strategy and accelerating our technology and product innovation.

(3)Includes costs related to technology modernization and acquisition-related technology integration and migration efforts. We believe that these costs are discrete and non-recurring in nature, as they relate to a one-time restructuring and decommissioning of our on-premise production systems and corporate technological infrastructure and the move to a managed service provider, decommissioning redundant fulfillment systems and modernizing internal functional systems. As such, they are not normal, recurring operating expenses and are not reflective of ongoing trends in the cost of doing business. The significant majority of these are related to the last two phases of Project Ignite, with the remainder related to an investment made to modernize internal functional systems in preparation for our public company infrastructure.

(4)Consists of gain on historical non-designated derivative interest rate swaps. See Part I. Item 3. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk—Interest Rate Risk” for additional information on interest rate swaps.

(5)Consists of costs related to loss on foreign currency transactions.

(6)Normalized effective tax rates of 30.1% and 27.0% have been used to compute Adjusted Net Income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we had net

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operating loss carryforwards of approximately $16.3 million for federal income tax purposes and deferred tax assets of approximately $6.3 million related to state and foreign income tax loss carryforwards available to reduce future income subject to income taxes. The amount of actual cash taxes we pay for federal, state, and foreign income taxes differs significantly from the effective income tax rate computed in accordance with US GAAP, and from the normalized rate shown above.

The following table reconciles net income per share, the most directly comparable US GAAP measure, to Adjusted Earnings Per Share for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Net income	$	6,236	$	591
Less: Undistributed amounts allocated to participating securities	—		—
Undistributed income allocated to stockholders	$	6,236	$	591
Weighted average number of shares outstanding – basic	93,967,819		92,877,506
Weighted average number of shares outstanding – diluted	99,186,456		95,350,342
Net income per share – basic	$	0.07	$	0.01
Net income per share – diluted	$	0.06	$	0.01
Adjusted Net Income	$	24,401	$	23,286
Less: Undistributed amounts allocated to participating securities	—		—
Undistributed income allocated to stockholders	$	24,401	$	23,286
Weighted average number of shares outstanding – basic	93,967,819		92,877,506
Weighted average number of shares outstanding – diluted	99,186,456		95,350,342
Adjusted earnings per share – basic	$	0.26	$	0.25
Adjusted earnings per share – diluted	$	0.25	$	0.24

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The following table presents the calculation of Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Net income per share – diluted	$	0.06	$	0.01
Adjusted Net Income adjustments per share
Income tax expense	0.04		0.01
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	0.14		0.11
Stock-based compensation	0.05		0.08
Transaction expenses(1)	0.02		0.05
Restructuring(2)	—		0.03
Technology Transformation(3)	0.04		0.03
Gain on interest rate swaps(4)	—		—
Other(5)	—		—
Income tax effect(6)	(0.11)		(0.09)
Adjusted earnings per share – diluted	$	0.25	$	0.24
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used in computation of Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding – diluted (US GAAP)	99,186,456		95,350,342
Options not included in weighted average number of shares outstanding – diluted (US GAAP) (using treasury stock method)	—		—
Weighted average number of shares outstanding – diluted (non-GAAP) (using treasury stock method)	99,186,456		95,350,342

(1)Consists of transaction expenses related to M&A, associated earn-outs, investor management fees, costs related to the preparation of the IPO, one-time public company transition expenses and fees associated with financing transactions.

(2)Consists of restructuring-related costs, including executive recruiting and severance charges, and lease termination costs and disposal of fixed assets related to our real estate consolidation efforts. Beginning in 2020, we began executing a virtual-first strategy, closing offices and reducing office space globally. In 2022, we began executing on a restructuring program to realign senior leadership and functions with the goal of elevating our go-to-market strategy and accelerating our technology and product innovation.

(3)Includes costs related to technology modernization and acquisition-related technology integration and migration efforts. We believe that these costs are discrete and non-recurring in nature, as they relate to a one-time restructuring and decommissioning of our on-premise production systems and corporate technological infrastructure and the move to a managed service provider, decommissioning redundant fulfillment systems and modernizing internal functional systems. As such, they are not normal, recurring operating expenses and are not reflective of ongoing trends in the cost of doing business. The significant majority of these are related to the last two phases of Project Ignite, with the remainder related to an investment made to modernize internal functional systems in preparation for our public company infrastructure.

(4)Consists of gain on historical non-designated derivative interest rate swaps. See Part 1. Item 3. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk—Interest Rate Risk” for additional information on interest rate swaps.

(5)Consists of costs related to loss on foreign currency transactions.

(6)Normalized effective tax rates of 30.1% and 27.0% have been used to compute Adjusted Net Income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $16.3 million for federal income tax purposes and deferred tax assets of approximately $6.3 million related to state and foreign income tax loss carryforwards available to reduce future income subject to income taxes. The amount of actual cash taxes we pay for

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federal, state, and foreign income taxes differs significantly from the effective income tax rate computed in accordance with US GAAP, and from the normalized rate shown above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Liquidity describes the ability of a company to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the cash requirements of its business operations, including working capital needs to meet operating expenses, debt service, acquisitions, capital expenditures, other commitments and contractual obligations. We consider liquidity in terms of cash flows from operations and their sufficiency to fund our operating and investing activities.

Our primary cash needs are for day-to-day operations, working capital requirements, capital expenditures for ongoing development of our technological offering and other mandatory payments such as taxes, and debt principal and interest obligations. Our liquidity needs are met primarily through cash flows from operations, which include cash received from customers less cash costs related to our operations.

Our capital expenditures can vary depending on the timing of the development of new products and services and technological enhancement-related investments. Capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 were approximately $5.2 million and $4.3 million, respectively, primarily related to capitalizable software development.

We believe that our projected cash position and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our liquidity requirements for at least the next twelve months. However, our future liquidity requirements could be higher than we currently expect as a result of various factors. For example, any future investments, acquisitions, joint ventures or other similar transactions may require additional capital. In addition, our ability to continue to meet our future liquidity requirements will depend on, among other things, our ability to achieve anticipated levels of revenues and cash flows from operations and our ability to manage costs and working capital successfully, all of which are subject to general economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. In the event we require any additional capital, it will take the form of equity or debt financing, or both, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to raise any such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all.

As of December 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $103.1 million. As of March 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $51.0 million. We used $48.8 million (net of cash acquired) to purchase Socrates and A-Check in the first quarter of 2023. All cash and cash equivalents are held with independent financial institutions with a minimum credit rating of A as defined by the three main credit rating agencies. As of March 31, 2023, all cash and cash equivalents were held in accounts with banks such that the funds are immediately available or in fixed term deposits with a maximum maturity of three months. The recent bank failures of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and First Republic Bank created significant market disruption and uncertainty within the U.S. banking sector, in particular with respect to regional banks. We hold minimal cash balances with regional banks in the U.S. We have a robust and disciplined cash management process to protect our cash, maintain financial stability and diversify as we deem appropriate. 

Credit Facility

On November 29, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), Sterling Infosystems, Inc. (the “Borrower”), a Delaware corporation and a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a credit agreement (the “2022 Credit Agreement”) by and among the Borrower, as borrower, Sterling Intermediate Corp. (“Parent”), KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”), certain guarantors party thereto (the “Guarantors”) and the lenders party thereto.

The 2022 Credit Agreement provides for aggregate principal borrowings of $700.0 million, comprised of $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of term loans (the “Term Loans”) and a $400.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). The Term Loans and the Revolving Credit Facility mature on November 29, 2027.

Amounts outstanding under the 2022 Credit Agreement bear interest under either of the following two rates, elected in advance by the Borrower: (1) a base rate (equal to the greatest of (a) the prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 1⁄2 of 1% and (c) the one-month adjusted term Secured Overnight Financing Rate

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(“SOFR”) rate plus 1%); or (2) an adjusted term SOFR rate (equal to the sum of (a) term SOFR plus (b) 0.10%), in each case, plus a tiered floating interest rate margin based on the net leverage ratio of the Borrower and its subsidiaries. Interest on adjusted term SOFR borrowings is payable on the last business day of the one, three or six-month interest period selected by the Borrower (except in the case of a six-month election, in which case it is payable on the last business day of the third and sixth month). Interest on base rate borrowings is payable on the last business day of each quarter. The applicable interest rate at March 31, 2023 was 6.91%.

We, as borrower, will pay a quarterly unused commitment fee at a rate per annum ranging from 0.20% to 0.30%, on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility based on the net leverage ratio of the Borrower and its subsidiaries. We can use available funding capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility to issue letters of credit, subject to a sublimit equal to the lesser of $40.0 million and amounts available for borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility.

The Term Loans amortize quarterly in the following amounts: $1.875 million per quarter (for the first four full quarters ending after the Closing Date), $3.75 million per quarter (for the next eight quarters) and $5.625 million per quarter (for the next seven quarters).

The 2022 Credit Agreement contains covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to: incur certain additional indebtedness; transfer money between various subsidiaries; pay dividends on, repurchase or make distributions with respect to subsidiaries’ capital stock or make other restricted payments; issue stock of subsidiaries; make certain investments, loans or advances; transfer and sell certain assets; create or permit liens on assets; consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; enter into certain transactions with affiliates; and amend certain documents.

The 2022 Credit Agreement also contains financial covenants that require us to comply with (a) a maximum net leverage ratio of 4.00:1.00 (which may be increased to 4.50:1.00 for four quarters if the Borrower and its subsidiaries consummate acquisitions during any 6-month period for which the total aggregate cash consideration is greater than or equal to $75.0 million) and (b) a minimum interest coverage ratio of 3.00:1.00. Both financial covenants are tested quarterly. Since origination, we have been in compliance with all covenants under the 2022 Credit Agreement.

The Term Loans and the Revolving Credit Facility (and related revolving borrowings) are guaranteed by Parent and all of our material wholly owned domestic subsidiaries. Obligations under the 2022 Credit Agreement are collateralized by a first lien on substantially all of our assets and outstanding capital stock of our material domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions. The 2022 Credit Agreement also contains various events of default, including, without limitation, the failure to pay interest or principal when the same is due, cross default and cross acceleration provisions, the failure of representations and warranties contained therein to be true and certain insolvency events. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the principal amounts outstanding under the 2022 Credit Agreement, together with all accrued and unpaid interest and other amounts owed thereunder, may be declared immediately due and payable by the lenders.

The net proceeds of the Term Loans, together with borrowings of approximately $223.0 million under the Revolving Credit Facility, were used to repay all outstanding indebtedness, including accrued and unpaid interest, in an aggregate amount of approximately $513.9 million, under that certain First Lien Credit Agreement, dated June 19, 2015 (as amended, the “2015 Credit Agreement”), by and among the Borrower, as borrower, the guarantors party thereto, KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto, and to pay related fees and expenses.

As of March 31, 2023, amounts outstanding under the 2022 Credit Agreement totaled $503.6 million and we had $194.5 million of capacity remaining under the Revolving Credit Facility and outstanding letters of credit in the amount of $0.7 million.

Cash Flows

The following table presents a summary and comparison of our condensed consolidated cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods presented:

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	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	3,445	$	11,282
Net cash used in investing activities	(5,233)		(53,055)
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,771)		(10,378)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(92)		20
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(3,651)		(52,131)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period	47,998		103,095
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period	$	44,347	$	50,964

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities of $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 reflects the adjustment to net income for non-cash charges totaling $26.7 million, primarily driven by $20.2 million in depreciation and amortization, $5.1 million of stock-based compensation and $3.4 million of deferred income taxes offset by $2.5 million of changes in the fair value of derivatives. Changes in operating assets and liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 reduced cash flow from operating activities by $29.4 million.

Net cash provided by operating activities of $11.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 reflects the adjustment to net income for non-cash charges totaling $24.4 million primarily driven by $15.1 million of depreciation and amortization and $8.0 million of stock-based compensation. Changes in operating assets and liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 reduced cash flow from operating activities by $13.7 million.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 was $5.2 million and $53.1 million, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 consisted of a $3.7 million investment in capitalized software and $1.5 million in purchases of computer hardware and other property, plant and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily consisted of $48.8 million of cash used for acquisitions, net of cash acquired, in addition to a $4.1 million investment in capitalized software.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $1.8 million. Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $10.4 million consisting primarily of $7.7 million of share repurchases and $1.9 million of payments of long-term debt.

Free Cash Flow

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, we generated $(1.8) million of Free Cash Flow compared to $7.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in Free Cash Flow compared to the prior year period was driven by increased collections, lower cash paid for taxes, decreased purchases of property and equipment, partially offset by higher interest paid.

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The following table reconciles net cash flow provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable US GAAP measure, to Free Cash Flow for the periods presented.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Net Cash provided by Operating Activities	$	3,445	$	11,282
Purchases of intangible assets and capitalized software	(3,742)		(4,120)
Purchases of property and equipment	(1,495)		(140)
Free Cash Flow	$	(1,792)	$	7,022

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments about future events that can affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our 2022 Annual Report for a description of our critical accounting estimates and Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our 2022 consolidated financial statements in our 2022 Annual Report for our significant accounting policies. There were no changes to our critical accounting estimates for the three months ended March 31, 2023. See Note 3, “Recent Accounting Standards Update” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of new accounting guidance adopted during 2023.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Foreign Currency and Derivative Risk

We from time to time enter into foreign currency options and forward contracts to mitigate the foreign exchange risk on expected future cash outlays to fund our fulfillment centers. We have, in the past, hedged our Indian rupee denominated expenses through foreign exchange contracts. These contracts were designated as cash flow hedges and qualified for hedge accounting under US GAAP. As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, we did not have any outstanding foreign currency options or forward contracts. Gains and losses on the derivative representing hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized over the life of the hedge on a systematic and rational basis. The earnings recognition of excluded components is also presented in the same line of the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as the earnings effect of the hedged transaction. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, there were no such gains or losses.

Credit Risk

As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, we had accounts receivable, net of allowance for expected credit losses, of $139.6 million and $147.1 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, no single client accounted for more than 3% of our revenue. No single client had an accounts receivable balance greater than 3% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022 or March 31, 2023.

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to market risk is influenced by the changes in interest rates paid on any outstanding balance on our borrowings, under our 2015 Credit Agreement through November 2022 and under our 2022 Credit Agreement subsequent to the refinancing. Our 2015 Credit Agreement accrued interest at either (1) an applicable rate of 2.5% plus the greater of (a) the prime rate or (b) the federal funds rate plus 1/2 of 1% (c) the one-month LIBOR plus 1%, or (d) a 2% floor; (2) an applicable rate of 3.5% plus one-month LIBOR which is subject to a 1% floor. Amounts outstanding under the 2022 Credit Agreement bear interest under either of the following two rates, elected in advance by us: (1) a base rate (equal to the greatest of (a) the prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 1⁄2 of 1% and (c) the one-month adjusted term SOFR rate plus 1%); or (2) an adjusted term SOFR rate (equal to the sum of (a) term SOFR plus (b) 0.10%), in each case, plus a tiered floating interest rate margin based on the net leverage ratio. Our borrowings as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 accrued interest at 6.76% and 6.91%, respectively, based on an adjusted term SOFR rate (equal to the sum of (a) term SOFR plus (b) 0.10%) plus a tiered floating interest rate margin based on our net leverage ratio.

We hedge against changes in the interest rates through interest rate swaps. As of December 31, 2022, we were not party to any outstanding interest rate swaps. On February 28, 2023, we entered into amortizing $300.0 million notional value interest rate swaps. The notional value steps down from $300.0 million to $150.0 million on February 27, 2026. The swap provides for us to pay, as applied to the notional value, a fixed rate of interest of 4.26% monthly and receive, on a monthly basis, an amount equal to the greater of the one-month term SOFR and a floor of (0.10%), as applied to the notional value (the “Floating Leg”). The interest rate swap matures on November 29, 2027. The interest expense related to the 2022 Credit Agreement will be offset by proceeds received or increased from settlements paid for the Floating Leg of the interest rate swap. As of March 31, 2023, we are currently party to four interest rate swaps which hedge the future cash flows on approximately 60% of the outstanding principal balance of the aggregate amounts due under our 2022 Credit Agreement.

Effects of Inflation

While inflation may impact our revenues and operating expenses, we believe the effects of inflation, if any, on our results of operations and financial condition have not been significant. However, if inflation continues or worsens, it could negatively impact us by increasing our operating expenses. For example, inflation may lead to cost increases in multiple areas across our business, including the cost of labor. Further, inflation may also cause our customers to reduce their use of our products and services. To the extent that we are unable to pass on these costs through increased prices, revised budget estimates or offset them otherwise, or that we experience lower demand from our customers due to inflation, the rising rate of inflation may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2023, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management of the company, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based upon the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to us, we believe would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or liquidity.

For more information, see Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes with respect to the risk factors as previously disclosed in our 2022 Annual Report, except as described below:

To the extent our clients reduce their operations, downsize their screening programs, or otherwise demand fewer of our products and solutions, our business could be materially adversely impacted.

Demand for our products and services is subject to our clients’ continual evaluation of their need for our products and services and is impacted by several factors, including their budget availability, hiring, and workforce needs, and a changing regulatory landscape. Demand for our offerings is also dependent on the size of our clients’ operations. Our clients could reduce their operations for a variety of reasons, including general economic slowdown, divestitures and spin-offs, business model disruption, poor financial performance, or as a result of increasing workforce automation, including artificial intelligence. Demand for drug screenings may decline as a result of evolving U.S. drug laws. For example, the legalization of cannabis in several U.S. states has led to a decrease in orders for marijuana screenings. Our revenues may be significantly reduced should our clients decide to downsize their screening programs or take such programs in-house.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1)
					(in thousands)
01/01/2023 to 01/31/2023	493,926	$	15.46	493,926	$	78,423
02/01/2023 to 02/28/2023	—	—		—	78,423
03/01/2023 to 03/31/2023	—	—		—	78,423
Total	493,926			493,926

_______________________________

(1)On November 23, 2022, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $100.0 million of our shares of common stock over a period through December 31, 2024. The share repurchase program is expected to be funded through our existing cash and future free cash flow. The share repurchase program is being executed on a discretionary basis through open market repurchases, private transactions, or other transactions, including through block trades and Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. We are not obligated to repurchase any specific number of shares, and the timing and amount of any share repurchases will be subject to several factors including share price, trading volume, market conditions, and capital allocation priorities. The share repurchase program may be suspended, terminated or modified without notice at any time.

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Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

(a) Exhibits.

Exhibit No.	Exhibit Description
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the XBRL document.
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

STERLING CHECK CORP.
By:	/s/ Joshua Peirez
	Joshua Peirez
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 9, 2023
By:	/s/ Peter Walker
	Peter Walker
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: May 9, 2023

52

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Joshua Peirez, certify that:

i.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 of Sterling Check Corp.;

ii.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

iii.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

iv.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

i.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

ii.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

iii.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

iv.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

v.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

i.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

ii.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:	/s/ JOSHUA PEIREZ
	Joshua Peirez
	Chief Executive Officer

Date: May 9, 2023

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Peter Walker, certify that:

i.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 of Sterling Check Corp.;

ii.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

iii.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

iv.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

i.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

ii.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

iii.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

iv.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

v.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

i.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

ii.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:	/s/ PETER WALKER
	Peter Walker
	Executive Vice President and
	Chief Financial Officer

Date: May 9, 2023

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Sterling Check Corp. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Joshua Peirez, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ JOSHUA PEIREZ
	Joshua Peirez
	Chief Executive Officer

May 9, 2023

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Sterling Check Corp. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Peter Walker, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ PETER WALKER
	Peter Walker
	Executive Vice President and
	Chief Financial Officer

May 9, 2023

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Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Central Index Key	0001645070

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 50,964	$ 103,095
Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $3,200 and $3,248 as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively)	147,123	139,579
Insurance receivable	922	921
Prepaid expenses	11,201	13,433
Other current assets	16,563	13,654
Total current assets	226,773	270,682
Property and equipment, net	9,600	10,341
Goodwill	877,212	849,609
Intangible assets, net	263,109	241,036
Deferred income taxes	4,518	4,452
Operating leases right-of-use asset	19,652	20,084
Other noncurrent assets, net	11,518	11,050
TOTAL ASSETS	1,412,382	1,407,254
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable	42,132	38,372
Litigation settlement obligation	3,850	4,165
Accrued expenses	57,091	67,047
Current portion of long-term debt	9,375	7,500
Operating leases liability, current portion	3,565	3,717
Other current liabilities	13,974	12,939
Total current liabilities	129,987	133,740
Long-term debt, net	490,434	493,990
Deferred income taxes	30,102	23,707
Long-term operating leases liability, net of current portion	16,574	16,835
Other liabilities	12,681	2,336
Total liabilities	679,778	670,608
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 13)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock ($0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding)	0	0
Common stock ($0.01 par value; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 97,765,120 shares issued and 96,717,883 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022; 99,663,997 shares issued and 98,085,706 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2023)	95	76
Additional paid-in capital	950,813	942,789
Common stock held in treasury (1,047,237 and 1,578,291 shares as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively)	(23,058)	(14,859)
Accumulated deficit	(185,857)	(186,448)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(9,389)	(4,912)
Total stockholders’ equity	732,604	736,646
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$ 1,412,382	$ 1,407,254

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 3,248	$ 3,200
Preferred stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000,000	1,000,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	99,663,997	97,765,120
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	98,085,706	96,717,883
Treasury stock (in shares)	1,578,291	1,047,237

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
REVENUES	$ 179,274	$ 191,972
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization below)	94,754	100,956
Corporate technology and production systems	11,952	12,552
Selling, general and administrative	47,451	42,333
Depreciation and amortization	15,122	20,156
Impairments of long-lived assets	106	0
Total operating expenses	169,385	175,997
OPERATING INCOME	9,889	15,975
OTHER EXPENSE (INCOME):
Interest expense, net	8,608	6,336
Gain on interest rate swaps	0	(328)
Other income	(412)	(354)
Total other expense, net	8,196	5,654
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	1,693	10,321
Income tax provision	1,102	4,085
NET INCOME	591	6,236
Unrealized loss on hedged transactions, net of tax of $0 and $1,815, respectively	(5,159)	0
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $0 and $0, respectively	682	283
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(4,477)	283
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	$ (3,886)	$ 6,519
Net income per share attributable to stockholders
Basic (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.07
Diluted (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.06
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic (in shares)	92,877,506	93,967,819
Diluted (in shares)	95,350,342	99,186,456

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Tax on unrealized gain (loss) on hedged transactions	$ 1,815	$ 0
Tax on foreign currency translation adjustments	$ 0	$ 0

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Common Stock Held in Treasury	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Deficit Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			95,746,975		107,820
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 709,624	$ (198)	$ 68	$ 916,578	$ (897)	$ (206,218)	$ (198)	$ 93
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)			1,112
Common stock issued for exercise of employee stock options (in shares)			8,486
Common stock issued for exercise of employee stock options	80			80
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures and vesting (in shares)			533,095
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures and vestings	0		$ 5	(5)
Stock-based compensation	5,108			5,108
Net income	6,236					6,236
Unrealized loss on hedged transactions, net of tax	0
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	275			(8)				283
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	283
Ending Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022			96,289,668		107,820
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	721,125		$ 73	921,753	$ (897)	(200,180)		376
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			96,717,883		1,047,237
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	736,646		$ 76	942,789	$ (14,859)	(186,448)		(4,912)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)			4,567
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures and vesting (in shares)			1,894,310
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures and vestings	$ 0		$ 19	(19)
Repurchases of common stock (in shares)	493,926		493,926		493,926
Repurchases of common stock	$ (7,712)				$ (7,712)
Shares withheld to cover restricted share vestings tax (in shares)			37,128		37,128
Shares withheld to cover restricted share vestings tax	(487)				$ (487)
Stock-based compensation	8,043			8,043
Net income	591					591
Unrealized loss on hedged transactions, net of tax	(5,159)							(5,159)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	682							682
Ending Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023			98,085,706		1,578,291
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 732,604		$ 95	$ 950,813	$ (23,058)	$ (185,857)		$ (9,389)

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures and vestings	$ 0
Additional Paid-In Capital
Issuance of restricted shares, net of forfeitures and vestings	(5)
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Tax on cumulative effect adjustment for adoption of CECL	$ 56

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$ 591	$ 6,236
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations
Depreciation and amortization	15,122	20,156
Deferred income taxes	209	3,412
Stock-based compensation	8,043	5,108
Impairments of long-lived assets	106	0
Provision for bad debts	244	308
Amortization of financing fees	269	109
Amortization of debt discount	194	478
Deferred rent	39	0
Noncash impact of lease accounting under ASC 842	0	(55)
Unrealized translation (gain) loss on investment in foreign subsidiaries	135	(393)
Changes in fair value of derivatives	0	(2,464)
Interest rate swap settlements	23	0
Gain on disposition of property and equipment	0	(4)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(3,414)	(20,006)
Prepaid expenses	2,844	(869)
Other assets	(2,534)	(1,736)
Accounts payable	3,716	10,255
Litigation settlement obligation	315	0
Accrued expenses	(12,256)	(12,283)
Other liabilities	(2,364)	(4,807)
Net cash provided by operating activities	11,282	3,445
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment	(140)	(1,495)
Purchases of intangible assets and capitalized software	(4,120)	(3,742)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(48,802)	0
Proceeds from disposition of property and equipment	7	4
Net cash used in investing activities	(53,055)	(5,233)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Issuance of common stock	0	70
Repurchases of common stock	(7,711)	0
Payments of IPO issuance costs	0	(225)
Cash paid for tax withholding on RSA vestings	(487)	0
Payments of long-term debt	(1,875)	(1,615)
Payment of contingent consideration for acquisition	(305)	0
Payments of finance lease obligations	0	(1)
Net cash used in financing activities	(10,378)	(1,771)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	20	(92)
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(52,131)	(3,651)
Beginning of period	103,095	47,998
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	50,964	44,347
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Interest, net of capitalized amounts of $73 and $90 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively	11,602	8,296
Income taxes	2,978	4,222
Noncash investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued expenses	69	245
Noncash purchase price of business combinations	$ 4,821	$ 0

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Interest, capitalized amounts	$ 90	$ 73

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Description of Business	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Description of Business	Description of BusinessSterling Check Corp. (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation headquartered in New York City, New York, is a global provider of technology-enabled background and identity verification services. The Company provides the foundation of trust and safety its clients need to create effective environments for their most essential resource—people. The Company offers a comprehensive hiring and risk management solution that begins with identity verification, followed by criminal background screening, credential verification, drug and health screening, employee onboarding document processing and ongoing risk monitoring. As of March 31, 2023, the Company is 61.1% owned by an investment group consisting of entities advised by or affiliated with The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (“Goldman Sachs”) and Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (“CDPQ”). CDPQ owns its equity interest in the Company indirectly through a limited partnership controlled by Goldman Sachs.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and include accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, they reflect all adjustments consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary to state fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with US GAAP applicable to interim periods. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or future periods. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2023.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that can affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates include the impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill impairment, the determination of the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, collectability of receivables, the valuation of stock-based awards and stock-based compensation and sales and income tax liabilities. The Company also applies an estimated useful life of three years to internally developed software assets. This is based on the historical observed pace of change in the Company’s delivery, technology, and product offerings as well as market competition. The Company believes that the estimates used in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable; however, actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Segment Information

The Company has one operating and reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents of $103.1 million and $51.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively, include money market instruments with maturities of three months or less. The Company maintained cash outside the U.S. as of December 31, 2022 of $28.0 million with the largest deposits being held in India and Canada, with balances of $5.1 million and $9.2 million, respectively. Cash outside the U.S. was

$26.6 million as of March 31, 2023, with the largest deposits being held in India and Canada, with balances of $5.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

Foreign Currency

Assets and liabilities of operations having non-USD functional currencies are translated at period-end exchange rates, and income statement accounts are translated at weighted average exchange rates for the period. Gains or losses resulting from translating foreign currency financial statements, net of any related tax effects, are reflected in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions incurred in currencies other than the local functional currency are included in Other income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The cumulative translation adjustment resulted in losses of $5.6 million and $4.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts receivable balances consist of trade receivables that are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances for expected credit losses and for potential sales credits and reserves. Sales credits and reserves were $0.9 million and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

The Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“CECL”) on January 1, 2022. The adoption of CECL resulted in a $0.3 million cumulative effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings as of January 1, 2022.

CECL requires an entity to utilize an impairment model to estimate its lifetime expected credit losses and record an allowance that, when deducted from the amortized cost basis of a financial asset, presents the net amount expected to be collected on the financial asset.

The Company maintains an allowance for expected credit losses in order to record accounts receivable at their net realizable value. Inherent in the assessment of the allowance for expected credit losses are certain judgments and estimates relating to, among other things, the Company’s customers’ access to capital, customers’ willingness and ability to pay, general economic conditions and the ongoing relationship with customers. Allowances have been recorded for receivables believed to be uncollectible, including amounts for the resolution of potential credit and other collection issues such as disputed invoices. The allowance for expected credit losses is determined by analyzing the Company’s historical write-offs, the current aging of receivables, the financial condition of customers and the general economic climate. Adjustments to the allowance may be required in future periods depending on how such potential issues are resolved or if the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments. The Company has not historically had material write-offs due to uncollectible accounts receivable.

Allowances for expected credit losses were $2.3 million and $2.5 million as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively. The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,949	$	2,304
Cumulative effect of accounting change upon adoption of CECL	254		—
Additions	308		244
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(1,669)		(78)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		3
Balance at end of period	$	1,842	$	2,473

Corporate Technology and Production Systems

Corporate technology and production systems includes costs related to maintaining the Company’s corporate information technology infrastructure and non-capitalizable costs to develop and maintain its production systems.

The following table sets forth expenses included in each category of corporate technology and production systems for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Corporate information technology	$	6,123	$	5,267
Development of platform and product initiatives	4,249		4,414
Production support and maintenance	2,180		2,271
Total production systems	6,429		6,685
Corporate technology and production systems	$	12,552	$	11,952

Corporate information technology consists of salaries and benefits of personnel (including stock-based compensation expense) supporting internal operations such as information technology support and the maintenance of information security and business continuity functions. Also included are third-party costs including cloud computing costs that support the Company’s corporate internal systems, software licensing and maintenance, telecommunications and other technology infrastructure costs.

Production systems costs consist of non-capitalizable personnel costs including contractor costs incurred for the development of platform and product initiatives and production support and maintenance. Platform and product initiatives facilitate the development of the Company’s technology platform and the launch of new screening products. Production support and maintenance includes costs to support and maintain the technology underlying the Company’s existing screening products and to enhance the ease of use of the Company’s cloud applications. Certain personnel costs related to new products and features are capitalized and amortized to depreciation and amortization.

Included within corporate technology and production systems are non-capitalizable production system and corporate information technology expenses related to Project Ignite, a three-phase strategic investment initiative. Phase one of Project Ignite modernized client and candidate experiences and is complete. Phase two of Project Ignite focused on decommissioning the Company’s on-premises data centers and migrating the Company’s production systems and corporate information technological infrastructure to a managed service provider in the cloud. During the first half of 2021, the Company completed phase two initiatives related to the migration of its production and fulfillment systems to the cloud, and as a result, over 95% of revenue is processed through platforms hosted in the cloud. The Company incurred expenses related to phase two to complete the decommissioning of on-premises data centers for internal corporate technology infrastructure and migration to the cloud which was completed as of September 30, 2022. Phase three of Project Ignite is decommissioning of the platforms purchased over the prior ten years and the migration of the clients to one global platform. This third and final phase, which was complete as of March 31, 2023, unified clients onto a single global platform. The Company’s core platform now processes approximately 80% of its global revenue.

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Recent Accounting Standards Updates

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]

Recent Accounting Standards Updates

Recent Accounting Standards Updates

The Company qualifies as an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”). The JOBS Act permits extended transition periods for complying with new or revised accounting standards affecting public companies. The Company has elected to use the extended transition periods and is adopting new or revised accounting standards on the FASB‘s non-public company timeline. As such, the Company’s financial statements may not be comparable to financial statements of public entities that comply with new or revised accounting standards on a non-delayed basis.

The Company will cease to be an emerging growth company upon the earliest of (a) the last day of the fiscal year in which it has total annual gross revenues of $1.235 billion or more; (b) the last day of its fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of its IPO; (c) the date on which it has issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (d) the date on which it is deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur as of the last day of a fiscal year in which the market value of its common stock held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $700 million

as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter of such fiscal year, which threshold was not exceeded as of June 30, 2022.

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Acquisitions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisitions

Acquisitions

Socrates and A-Check Acquisitions

On January 4, 2023, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Socrates Limited and its affiliates (“Socrates”), a screening company in Latin America, pursuant to a share purchase agreement. The Socrates acquisition expands the Company’s global presence into Latin America to serve the rapidly growing regional hiring needs of both multi-national and local clients. On March 1, 2023, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of A-Check Global (“A-Check”), a U.S.-based employment screening organization, pursuant to a share purchase agreement. The A-Check acquisition provides the Company access to a high quality, enterprise-focused customer base diversified across verticals including healthcare and telecom. The aggregate purchase price for the acquisitions totaled approximately $65.9 million, was funded with available cash on hand and is subject to certain closing adjustments specified in the share purchase agreements and includes contingent consideration related to the A-Check acquisition of $4.7 million recorded at fair value. The contingent consideration will be determined based on actual future results. As of March 31, 2023, the fair value of the contingent consideration consisted of $2.6 million for an earn-out payable one year after the acquisition based upon revenue retention and a $2.1 million payable throughout the second and third year following the acquisition based on revenue retention and referral revenue. The Company recorded a preliminary allocation of the purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of their respective purchase dates. Additionally, in connection with the Socrates acquisition, $5.0 million is payable to certain senior employees two years after the acquisition date based on certain retention requirements.

The Company incurred approximately $2.7 million of transaction expenses related to the acquisitions during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The preliminary allocation of the purchase price is based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the applicable acquisition date. The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the amounts recognized for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

(in thousands)
Consideration
Cash	$	11,935
Other current assets
Accounts receivable	4,279
Other current assets	805
Property and equipment	177
Intangible assets	32,141
Other long-term assets	$	6
Total assets acquired	$	49,343
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,156
Other current liabilities	1,291
Deferred tax liability	8,388
Other liabilities	2
Total liabilities assumed	$	10,837
Total identifiable net assets	38,506
Goodwill	27,352
Total consideration	$	65,858

Goodwill recognized is primarily attributable to assembled workforce and expected synergies and is not tax deductible in future years. Intangible assets acquired consist largely of customer lists in the amount of $28.0 million to be amortized over 15 years. The remaining intangible assets include trade names, developed technology and a non-compete agreement, which will be amortized over two years, eight years, and five years, respectively.

The acquisitions are not material to the Company's financial position as of March 31, 2023 or results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and therefore, pro forma operating results and other disclosures for the acquisitions are not presented.

EBI Acquisition

On November 30, 2021, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Employment Background Investigations, Inc. (“EBI”) for a purchase price of $67.8 million, consisting of $66.3 million of cash and $1.5 million of contingent consideration recorded at fair value. As of December 31, 2022, the purchase price was reduced by $0.3 million reflecting the final determination of the post-closing adjustment of the purchase price in accordance with the purchase agreement with EBI, resulting in an adjusted purchase price of $67.5 million. The receivable related to this adjustment was collected in February 2023.

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Property and Equipment, net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, net

Property and Equipment, net

(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Furniture and fixtures	$	2,568	$	2,516
Computers and equipment	41,084		41,421
Leasehold improvements	6,565		6,587
	50,217		50,524
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(39,876)		(40,924)
Total property and equipment, net	$	10,341	$	9,600

Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $1.1 million and $1.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. There were no write downs of property and equipment during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Write down of abandoned property and equipment no longer in use was less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the periods presented were as follows:

(in thousands)
Goodwill as of December 31, 2022	$	849,609
Acquisitions	27,352
Foreign currency translation adjustment	251
Goodwill as of March 31, 2023	$	877,212

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following for the periods presented:

		December 31, 2022						March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Estimated Useful Lives	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Customer lists	7 - 17 years	$	506,015	$	(340,579)	$	165,436	$	533,848	$	(348,729)	$	185,119
Trademarks	2 - 16 years	77,198		(37,519)		39,679		77,791		(39,010)		38,781
Non-compete agreement	1 - 5 years	3,179		(2,584)		595		3,976		(2,619)		1,357
Technology	3 - 8 years	246,220		(216,330)		29,890		252,943		(220,358)		32,585
Domain names	2 - 15 years	10,118		(4,682)		5,436		10,117		(4,850)		5,267
		$	842,730	$	(601,694)	$	241,036	$	878,675	$	(615,566)	$	263,109

Included within technology is $28.1 million and $30.2 million of internal-use software, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, $5.1 million of technology assets have not yet been put in service.

The Company capitalized $3.7 million of costs to develop internal-use software included in technology during the three months ended March 31, 2022 (consisting of internal costs of $3.0 million and external costs of $0.7 million). The Company capitalized $4.1 million of costs to develop internal-use software included in technology during the three months ended March 31, 2023 (consisting of internal costs of $3.4 million and external costs of $0.7 million).

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded no write-down of capitalized software. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a write-down related to the impairment of capitalized software in the amount of $0.1 million.

Amortization expense was $19.1 million and $14.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

Except for the customer lists, which are amortized utilizing an accelerated method, all other intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the pattern in which economic benefits are consumed. Estimated amortization expense as of March 31, 2023 is as follows for each of the next five years:

(in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,
Remainder of fiscal year 2023	$	71,305
2024	45,083
2025	35,729
2026	27,578
2027	22,070
Thereafter	61,344
	$	263,109

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Accrued Expenses

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the periods presented consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Accrued compensation	$	29,835	$	18,392
Accrued cost of revenues	15,721		19,005
Accrued interest	3,143		106
Other accrued expenses	18,348		19,588
Total accrued expenses	$	67,047	$	57,091

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Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

Effective January 1, 2022 using the effective date method, the Company adopted the FASB’s Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASC 842”), which requires the recognition of all leases, including operating leases on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets by recording a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and related liability, and elected to exclude short-term leases from adoption. The lease liability and ROU asset will be remeasured when there is a change in the lease term (or upon the occurrence of another reassessment trigger).

Upon adoption on January 1, 2022, the Company recognized a ROU asset of $23.5 million and a lease liability of $23.8 million.

The Company determines if a contract is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating lease liabilities are measured, on each reporting date, based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the remaining lease term. The Company’s leases generally do not provide an implicit rate and, therefore, the Company used the incremental borrowing rate of the former first lien term loan credit agreement of 4.50% for all leases entered into for the period prior to November 29, 2022. Operating lease assets are measured by adjusting the lease liability for lease incentives, initial direct costs incurred and asset impairments. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term with the operating lease asset reduced by the amount of the expense. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate a lease when they are reasonably certain to occur.

The Company leases real estate and equipment for use in its operations. The Company has 23 operating leases with remaining lease terms ranging from 1 month to 70 months.

The components of lease expense for the periods presented are as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Components of total lease costs
Operating lease expense	$	1,299	$	1,379
Sublease income	(72)		(222)
Total net lease costs	$	1,227	$	1,157

Information related to the Company’s ROU assets and lease liabilities for the period presented is as follows:

(dollar amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Operating leases
Operating leases ROU asset - long-term	$	19,652
Operating leases ROU asset, net	$	19,652
Operating leases liability - current	$	3,565
Operating leases liability - long-term	16,574
Total operating leases liability	$	20,139

Weighted average remaining lease term in years - operating leases	4.5
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	4.50	%

Total remaining lease payments under the Company’s operating leases for the period presented are as follows:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Remainder of fiscal year 2023	$	4,378
2024	4,958
2025	4,610
2026	3,796
2027	3,468
2028	1,073
Thereafter	85
Total future minimum lease payments	$	22,368
Less: imputed interest	(2,229)
Total	$	20,139

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

On November 29, 2022, Sterling Infosystems, Inc. (the “Borrower”), a Delaware corporation and a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a credit agreement (the “2022 Credit Agreement”) by and among the Borrower, as borrower, Sterling Intermediate Corp., KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”), certain guarantors party thereto and the lenders party thereto.

The 2022 Credit Agreement provides for aggregate principal borrowings of $700.0 million, comprised of $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of term loans (the “Term Loans”) and a $400.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). The Term Loans and the Revolving Credit Facility mature on November 29, 2027.

The table below sets forth the Company’s long-term debt as presented in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented:

(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Current portion of long-term debt
Term Loans	$	7,500	$	9,375
Total current portion of long-term debt	$	7,500	$	9,375
Long-term debt
Term Loans, due November 29, 2027 (6.76% and 6.91% at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively)	292,500		288,750
Revolving Credit Facility	205,494		205,494
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	(4,004)		(3,810)
Total long-term debt, net	$	493,990	$	490,434

The estimated fair value of the Company’s 2022 Credit Agreement was $487.1 million and $488.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively. These fair values were determined based on quoted prices in markets with similar instruments that are less active (Level 2 inputs as defined below) as an observable price of the 2022 Credit Agreement or similar liabilities is not readily available.

The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under its credit agreement as of March 31, 2023.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. An asset or liability’s level in the hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2	Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3	Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flows methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

The Company considers the recorded value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses to approximate the fair value of the respective assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 based upon the short-term nature of such assets and liabilities (Level 1). See Note 9, “Debt” for discussion of the fair value of the Company’s debt.

Interest rate swaps are measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the Company’s financial statements and are considered Level 2 financial instruments. Interest rate swaps are measured based on quoted prices for similar financial instruments and other observable inputs recognized. The currency forward agreements are typically cash settled in U.S. dollars for their fair value at or close to their settlement date.

As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of contingent consideration related to the November 30, 2021 acquisition of EBI totaled $1.2 million and consisted of a $0.9 million earn-out payable two years after the acquisition based upon revenue retention and $0.3 million remaining payable throughout the year following the acquisition based on customer collections on acquired receivables and is considered a Level 3 financial instrument. As of March 31, 2023, contingent consideration for the earn-out payable related to the acquisition of EBI totaled $0.9 million and is considered a Level 3 financial instrument. As of March 31, 2023, contingent consideration related to the A-Check acquisition completed in 2023 totaled $4.7 million and consisted of $2.6 million for an earn-out payable one year after the acquisition based upon revenue retention and a $2.1 million payable throughout the second and third year following the acquisition based on revenue retention and referral revenue. Contingent consideration related to acquisitions is considered a Level 3 financial instrument.

The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their assigned levels within the valuation hierarchy as of December 31, 2022:

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
Contingent consideration - acquisition of EBI	$	—	$	—	$	1,219

The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their assigned levels within the valuation hierarchy as of March 31, 2023:

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	1,049	$	—
Liabilities
Interest rate swaps	—		8,024		—
Contingent consideration - acquisition of EBI	—		—		914
Contingent consideration - acquisitions of Socrates and A-Check	—		—		4,706

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company did not re-measure any financial assets or liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. There were no transfers between levels during the periods presented.

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Interest Rate Swap Hedges

To reduce exposure to variability in expected future cash outflows on variable rate debt attributable to the changes in the applicable interest rates under the 2022 Credit Agreement, the Company entered into interest rate swaps to economically offset a portion of this risk.

For interest rate swap derivatives designated and that qualify as hedges for accounting purposes, the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”).

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swap derivatives that were used to hedge its interest rate risks:

Product	Number of Instruments	Effective Date	Maturity Date	Notional
Interest Rate Swaps	4	February 28, 2023	November 29, 2027	$300.0 million USD

All financial derivative instruments are carried at their fair value on the balance sheet. The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the dates presented:

	Asset Derivatives
(in thousands)	As of December 31, 2022			As of March 31, 2023
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Other current assets	$	—	Other current assets	$	1,049
Interest rate swaps	Other assets	—		Other assets	$	—
Total interest rate swaps		$	—		$	1,049

	Liability Derivatives
(in thousands)	As of December 31, 2022			As of March 31, 2023
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Other current liabilities	$	—	Other current liabilities	$	—
Interest rate swaps	Other liabilities	—		Other liabilities	8,024
Total interest rate swaps		$	—		$	8,024

The tables below present the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023			2022		2023
Derivatives in Hedging Relationships	Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Included Component)				Location of Gain Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	Amount of Gain Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Included Component)
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	(6,877)	Interest expense	$	—	$	97
Total	$	—	$	(6,877)		$	—	$	97

The tables below present the effect of the Company’s cash flow hedge accounting on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
	Interest Expense		Interest Expense
Total amounts of income and expense line items in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded	$	6,336	$	8,608
Gain on cash flow hedging relationships
Interest rate swaps:
Amount of gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into income	$	—	$	97

Non-designated Derivatives

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements and/or the Company has not elected to apply hedge accounting.

Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in earnings.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company did not have any outstanding derivatives not designated as a hedge in qualifying hedging relationships.

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented:

		Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)		2022		2023
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	Location of Loss (Gain) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Amount of Loss (Gain) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Interest rate swaps	Loss (gain) on interest rate swaps	$	(328)	$	—
Total		$	(328)	$	—

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Income Taxes	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income TaxesThe computation of the provision for or benefit from income taxes for interim periods is determined by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date income before tax and adjusting for discrete tax items recorded in the period, if any. The Company recorded a tax provision of $4.1 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 39.6% and 65.1%, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, the effective rate differs from the statutory rate mainly due to a jurisdictional mix of earnings and permanent items.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is party to both class actions and individual actions in the ordinary course of business. The matters typically allege violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”), as well as other claims. In addition, from time to time, the Company receives inquiries from regulatory bodies regarding its business. The Company accrues for the cost of resolving matters where it can be determined that a loss is both estimable and probable. Certain matters are in litigation and an estimate of the outcome and potential losses, if any, cannot be determined. Certain of these matters are covered by the Company’s insurance policies, subject to policy terms, including retentions. The Company does not believe that the resolution of current matters will result in a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a legal settlement obligation of $4.2 million and an offsetting insurance receivable of $0.9 million for the settlement of legal matters. As of March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a legal settlement obligation of $3.9 million and an offsetting insurance receivable of $0.9 million for the settlement of legal matters.

Net legal settlement expense recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the unaudited consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 totaled $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

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Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Equity

Equity

Under the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, a total of 1,100,000,000 shares of all classes of stock are authorized, divided as follows:

(i)1,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“common stock”); and

(ii)100,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (“preferred stock”).

Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters on which holders of common stock are entitled to vote generally. Holders of common stock are entitled to be paid ratably any dividends as may be declared by the Board of Directors (in its sole discretion), subject to any preferential dividend rights of outstanding preferred stock (if any). No dividends have been declared or paid on the Company’s common stock through March 31, 2023.

The Board of Directors is authorized to direct the issuance of the undesignated preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the designation of such series, the powers (including voting powers), preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, of such series of preferred stock and the number of shares of such series.

On November 23, 2022, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $100.0 million of the Company’s shares of common stock over a period through December 31, 2024. The share repurchase program is being executed on a discretionary basis through open market repurchases, private transactions, or other transactions, including through block trades and Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. The Company is not obligated to repurchase any specific number of shares, and the timing and amount of any share repurchases will be subject to several factors including share price, trading volume, market conditions and capital allocation priorities. The share repurchase program may be suspended, terminated or

modified without notice at any time. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 493,926 shares of its common stock for $7.7 million.

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Stock-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in cost of revenues, corporate, technology and production systems, and selling, general, and administrative expense in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
(in thousands)
Stock-based compensation expense
Cost of revenues	$	413	$	428
Corporate technology and production systems	531		612
Selling, general and administrative	4,164		7,003
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	5,108	$	8,043

Prior to the initial public offering (“IPO”), all share-based awards were issued to employees under the Company’s 2015 Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). Upon the adoption of the Sterling Check Corp. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2021 Equity Plan”) on August 4, 2021 and as of September 22, 2021, all newly granted share-based awards have been issued under the 2021 Equity Plan.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $109.3 million of unrecognized pre-tax non-cash stock-based compensation expense related to awards granted under the 2021 Equity Plan, consisting of approximately $34.8 million related to non-qualified stock options (“NQSOs”), $73.6 million related to restricted stock, and approximately $0.9 million related to restricted stock units (“RSUs”), all of which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average period of 2.84 years.

2015 Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan

The table below provides a summary of service-based vesting options (“SVOs”) and performance-based stock options (“PSOs”) currently outstanding under the 2015 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Outstanding SVOs						Outstanding PSOs
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)
Balances as of December 31, 2022	6,208,274	$	9.59	5.00	$	36,513	3,081,855	$	10.05	3.32	$	16,699
Granted	—	—					—	—
Forfeited / Cancelled	—	—					—	—
Exercised	—	—			—		—	—			—
Balances as of March 31, 2023 (1)	6,208,274	$	9.59	4.72	$	9,693	3,081,855	$	10.05	3.07	$	3,385

__________

(1)    All SVOs and PSOs are exercisable as of March 31, 2023.

On August 4, 2021, the Company amended each option outstanding under the 2015 Plan to (i) accelerate vesting upon an initial public offering and (ii) permit each option to be exercised following termination for any reason for the period set forth in the applicable award agreement or, if longer, an extended post-termination exercise period that would end on the date that is six months following the second anniversary of the effective date of the initial public offering, provided that if such date falls during a blackout period, the post-termination exercise period will be extended until the date that is thirty days after the commencement of the Company’s next open trading window. In connection with the option agreement amendments, the option holders

agreed that any shares of common stock acquired by such individuals upon exercise of any options outstanding under the 2015 plan (the “LTIP Option Shares”) will be subject to the following transfer restrictions, in addition to any other lock-up restrictions, securities trading policies, and other limitations to which such individuals may be subject: (i) the holder will be able to transfer up to 25% of the LTIP Option Shares at any time after six months following the effectiveness of the registration statement of which the IPO Prospectus formed a part (or such earlier time as the transfer restrictions expire under the lock-up agreements described in the IPO Prospectus under “Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Lock-up Agreements”) but prior to the first anniversary of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which the IPO Prospectus formed a part; (ii) on or after the first anniversary but prior to the second anniversary of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which the IPO Prospectus formed a part, the holder will be able to transfer up to 50% of the LTIP Option Shares (reduced by any of the LTIP Option Shares sold prior to the first anniversary) and (iii) on or after the second anniversary of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which the IPO Prospectus forms a part, the holder will be able to transfer all of his or her LTIP Option Shares. The foregoing transfer restrictions will not apply to any shares of common stock held by any such individual that are not LTIP Option Shares.

2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan

On August 4, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted, and on August 13, 2021 the Company’s stockholders approved, the 2021 Equity Plan. Equity awards under the 2021 Equity Plan are intended to retain and motivate the Company’s officers and employees, consultants and non-employee directors and to promote the success of the Company’s business by providing such participating individuals with a proprietary interest in the performance of the Company. The 2021 Equity Plan will terminate on the tenth anniversary thereof, unless earlier terminated by the Board of Directors. Under the 2021 Equity Plan, the following types of awards can be granted to an eligible individual (as defined by the plan and to the extent permitted by applicable law): incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and NQSOs; stock appreciation rights (“SARs”); restricted stock; RSUs; performance awards; cash-based awards and other share-based awards. Upon its adoption, the 2021 Equity Plan provided that up to 9,433,000 shares may be issued pursuant to awards granted under the 2021 Equity Plan (the “Share Limit”); provided, that, the Share Limit shall be automatically increased on the first day of each calendar year commencing on January 1, 2022 and ending on January 1, 2030 in an amount equal to the lesser of (x) 5% of the total number of shares outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding calendar year, and (y) such number of shares as determined by the Board of Directors, and no more than 9,433,000 shares may be issued upon the exercise of ISOs. As of March 31, 2023, 8,403,520 shares were available for issuance pursuant to future granted awards under the 2021 Equity Plan.

Stock Options

Options issued under the 2021 Equity Plan generally vest on various schedules over one to four-year periods on the anniversary of the grant date, subject to continued employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date. Options issued under the 2021 Equity Plan generally expire ten years after the grant date.

The table below provides a summary of stock option activity under the 2021 Equity Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Fair Value (per share)
	(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	4,387,501	$	22.91	8.81	$	—
Granted	869,874	12.79					$	7.07
Forfeited / Cancelled	—	—
Exercised / Released	—	—			—		—
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	5,257,375	$	21.23	8.79	$	—
Exercisable at March 31, 2023	102,995	$	22.61	8.75	$	—	$	—

Restricted Stock

Restricted stock issued under the 2021 Equity Plan in connection with the Company’s initial public offering vests 50% on the second anniversary of the grant date and 25% on each of the third and fourth anniversaries of the grant date, subject to continued employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date. Other restricted stock grants issued under the 2021 Equity Plan vest on various schedules over one to four-year periods on the anniversary of the grant date, subject to the continued employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date. Holders of restricted stock are entitled to all rights of a common stockholder of the Company and are subject to restrictions on transfer.

The table below provides a summary of restricted stock activity under the 2021 Equity Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value (per share)
Unvested at December 31, 2022	3,421,920	$	20.32
Granted	1,970,881	12.93
Forfeited / Cancelled	(77,795)	21.67
Vested	(92,370)	22.35
Unvested at March 31, 2023	5,222,636	$	17.47

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units issued under the 2021 Equity Plan in connection with the Company’s initial public offering vest 50% on the second anniversary of the grant date and 25% on each of the third and fourth anniversaries of the grant date, subject to continued employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date. Additional grants of RSUs vest on various schedules over a one to four-year period on the anniversary of the grant date, subject to the continued employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date. Upon vesting, employees will receive shares of common stock in settlement of the units. The table below provides a summary of RSU activity under the 2021 Equity Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value (per share)
Unvested at December 31, 2022	51,249	$	21.18
Granted	12,262	12.79
Forfeited / Cancelled	(2,254)	23.00
Vested	(1,224)	22.35
Unvested at March 31, 2023	60,033	$	19.38

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

There were no stock employee purchase offerings under the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and, accordingly, no eligible employees were enrolled in the ESPP during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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Net Income per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income per Share

Net Income per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented:

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Numerator:
Net income attributable to stockholders	$	6,236	$	591
Less: Undistributed amounts allocated to participating securities	—		—
Undistributed income allocated to stockholders	$	6,236	$	591
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic	93,967,819		92,877,506
Weighted average additional shares assuming conversion of potential common shares	5,218,637		2,472,836
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	99,186,456		95,350,342
Net income per share attributable to stockholders, basic	$	0.07	$	0.01
Net income per share attributable to stockholders, diluted	$	0.06	$	0.01

The following potentially dilutive outstanding securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented, or issuance of such shares is contingent upon the satisfaction of certain conditions which were not satisfied by the end of the period:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022	2023
Stock options	8,866,851	12,136,464
Restricted Stock Awards	2,272,422	5,160,978
Restricted Stock Units	47,663	59,895

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Related Party Transactions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party TransactionsThe Company had sales to Goldman Sachs and affiliates in the amount of $1.9 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Outstanding accounts receivable from Goldman Sachs as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 were $0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Additionally, the Company is currently a party to a $75.0 million notional value interest rate swap through November 29, 2027 with J. Aron & Company LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Goldman Sachs. Outstanding accounts receivable from J. Aron & Company LLC as of March 31, 2023 were less than $0.1 million. The Company had sales to an affiliate of certain stockholders that, to the Company’s knowledge, collectively own greater than 10% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock (the “Stockholders”) in the amount of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023. Outstanding accounts receivable from an affiliate of the Stockholders were less than $0.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and $0.1 million as of March 31, 2023.

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Revenue

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Revenue

Performance Obligations

Substantially all of the Company’s revenues are recognized at a point in time as results from services are provided through a screening report and the customer takes control of the product when the report is completed. Accordingly, revenue is generally recognized at the point in time when the customer receives and can use the report.

For revenue arrangements containing multiple products or services, the Company accounts for the individual products or services as separate performance obligations if they are distinct, the product or service is separately identifiable from other terms in the contract, and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. If these criteria are not met, the promised products or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. The Company allocates the contract price to each performance obligation based on the standalone selling prices of each distinct product or service in the contract.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables set forth total revenue by type of service for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Screening services	$	189,748	$	176,871
Other services	2,224		2,403
Total revenue	$	191,972	$	179,274

The following table sets forth total revenue by geographic area in which the revenues and invoicing are recorded for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
United States	$	159,316	$	149,742
All other countries	32,656		29,532
Total revenue	$	191,972	$	179,274

Other than the U.S., no single country accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023. Substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets were located in the U.S. as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are recognized as an asset if the benefit of such costs is expected to be longer than one year, with a majority of contracts being multi-year. Incremental costs include commissions to the sales force and are amortized over three years, as management estimates that this corresponds to the period over which a customer benefits from the contract. As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, $3.3 million and $3.3 million, respectively, of deferred commissions are included in Other current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and approximately $2.7 million and $2.7 million, respectively, of deferred commissions are included in Other noncurrent assets, net on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company did not have any material contract liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023.

Concentrations

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue. No single customer had an accounts receivable balance greater than 10% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023.

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Subsequent Events	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events The Company moved to a virtual-first strategy in 2020 and has closed or reduced the size of 12 offices globally. As a result of the success to date of the Company’s virtual-first strategy, the Company intends to close or reduce the size of its remaining offices during 2023, including the closure of the Company’s current principal executive office in New York. The Company’s new principal executive office will be the Company’s existing office in Ohio. The Company is currently assessing the financial impact of continuing to close multiple offices and relocating its principal executive office location.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and include accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, they reflect all adjustments consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary to state fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with US GAAP applicable to interim periods. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or future periods. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2023.

Consolidation

All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that can affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates include the impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill impairment, the determination of the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, collectability of receivables, the valuation of stock-based awards and stock-based compensation and sales and income tax liabilities. The Company also applies an estimated useful life of three years to internally developed software assets. This is based on the historical observed pace of change in the Company’s delivery, technology, and product offerings as well as market competition. The Company believes that the estimates used in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable; however, actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Segment Information

Segment Information The Company has one operating and reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents of $103.1 million and $51.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively, include money market instruments with maturities of three months or less. The Company maintained cash outside the U.S. as of December 31, 2022 of $28.0 million with the largest deposits being held in India and Canada, with balances of $5.1 million and $9.2 million, respectively. Cash outside the U.S. was

$26.6 million as of March 31, 2023, with the largest deposits being held in India and Canada, with balances of $5.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

Foreign Currency

Foreign Currency Assets and liabilities of operations having non-USD functional currencies are translated at period-end exchange rates, and income statement accounts are translated at weighted average exchange rates for the period. Gains or losses resulting from translating foreign currency financial statements, net of any related tax effects, are reflected in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions incurred in currencies other than the local functional currency are included in Other income in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts receivable balances consist of trade receivables that are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances for expected credit losses and for potential sales credits and reserves. Sales credits and reserves were $0.9 million and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

The Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“CECL”) on January 1, 2022. The adoption of CECL resulted in a $0.3 million cumulative effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings as of January 1, 2022.

CECL requires an entity to utilize an impairment model to estimate its lifetime expected credit losses and record an allowance that, when deducted from the amortized cost basis of a financial asset, presents the net amount expected to be collected on the financial asset.

The Company maintains an allowance for expected credit losses in order to record accounts receivable at their net realizable value. Inherent in the assessment of the allowance for expected credit losses are certain judgments and estimates relating to, among other things, the Company’s customers’ access to capital, customers’ willingness and ability to pay, general economic conditions and the ongoing relationship with customers. Allowances have been recorded for receivables believed to be uncollectible, including amounts for the resolution of potential credit and other collection issues such as disputed invoices. The allowance for expected credit losses is determined by analyzing the Company’s historical write-offs, the current aging of receivables, the financial condition of customers and the general economic climate. Adjustments to the allowance may be required in future periods depending on how such potential issues are resolved or if the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments. The Company has not historically had material write-offs due to uncollectible accounts receivable.

Corporate Technology and Production Systems

Corporate Technology and Production Systems

Corporate technology and production systems includes costs related to maintaining the Company’s corporate information technology infrastructure and non-capitalizable costs to develop and maintain its production systems.

The following table sets forth expenses included in each category of corporate technology and production systems for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Corporate information technology	$	6,123	$	5,267
Development of platform and product initiatives	4,249		4,414
Production support and maintenance	2,180		2,271
Total production systems	6,429		6,685
Corporate technology and production systems	$	12,552	$	11,952

Corporate information technology consists of salaries and benefits of personnel (including stock-based compensation expense) supporting internal operations such as information technology support and the maintenance of information security and business continuity functions. Also included are third-party costs including cloud computing costs that support the Company’s corporate internal systems, software licensing and maintenance, telecommunications and other technology infrastructure costs.

Production systems costs consist of non-capitalizable personnel costs including contractor costs incurred for the development of platform and product initiatives and production support and maintenance. Platform and product initiatives facilitate the development of the Company’s technology platform and the launch of new screening products. Production support and maintenance includes costs to support and maintain the technology underlying the Company’s existing screening products and to enhance the ease of use of the Company’s cloud applications. Certain personnel costs related to new products and features are capitalized and amortized to depreciation and amortization.

Included within corporate technology and production systems are non-capitalizable production system and corporate information technology expenses related to Project Ignite, a three-phase strategic investment initiative. Phase one of Project Ignite modernized client and candidate experiences and is complete. Phase two of Project Ignite focused on decommissioning the Company’s on-premises data centers and migrating the Company’s production systems and corporate information technological infrastructure to a managed service provider in the cloud. During the first half of 2021, the Company completed phase two initiatives related to the migration of its production and fulfillment systems to the cloud, and as a result, over 95% of revenue is processed through platforms hosted in the cloud. The Company incurred expenses related to phase two to complete the decommissioning of on-premises data centers for internal corporate technology infrastructure and migration to the cloud which was completed as of September 30, 2022. Phase three of Project Ignite is decommissioning of the platforms purchased over the prior ten years and the migration of the clients to one global platform. This third and final phase, which was complete as of March 31, 2023, unified clients onto a single global platform. The Company’s core platform now processes approximately 80% of its global revenue.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,949	$	2,304
Cumulative effect of accounting change upon adoption of CECL	254		—
Additions	308		244
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(1,669)		(78)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		3
Balance at end of period	$	1,842	$	2,473

Summary of Corporate Technology and Production Systems Expense

The following table sets forth expenses included in each category of corporate technology and production systems for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Corporate information technology	$	6,123	$	5,267
Development of platform and product initiatives	4,249		4,414
Production support and maintenance	2,180		2,271
Total production systems	6,429		6,685
Corporate technology and production systems	$	12,552	$	11,952

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Acquisitions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the amounts recognized for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

(in thousands)
Consideration
Cash	$	11,935
Other current assets
Accounts receivable	4,279
Other current assets	805
Property and equipment	177
Intangible assets	32,141
Other long-term assets	$	6
Total assets acquired	$	49,343
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,156
Other current liabilities	1,291
Deferred tax liability	8,388
Other liabilities	2
Total liabilities assumed	$	10,837
Total identifiable net assets	38,506
Goodwill	27,352
Total consideration	$	65,858

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Property and Equipment, net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, net

(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Furniture and fixtures	$	2,568	$	2,516
Computers and equipment	41,084		41,421
Leasehold improvements	6,565		6,587
	50,217		50,524
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(39,876)		(40,924)
Total property and equipment, net	$	10,341	$	9,600

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the periods presented were as follows:

(in thousands)
Goodwill as of December 31, 2022	$	849,609
Acquisitions	27,352
Foreign currency translation adjustment	251
Goodwill as of March 31, 2023	$	877,212

Summary of Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following for the periods presented:

		December 31, 2022						March 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Estimated Useful Lives	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Customer lists	7 - 17 years	$	506,015	$	(340,579)	$	165,436	$	533,848	$	(348,729)	$	185,119
Trademarks	2 - 16 years	77,198		(37,519)		39,679		77,791		(39,010)		38,781
Non-compete agreement	1 - 5 years	3,179		(2,584)		595		3,976		(2,619)		1,357
Technology	3 - 8 years	246,220		(216,330)		29,890		252,943		(220,358)		32,585
Domain names	2 - 15 years	10,118		(4,682)		5,436		10,117		(4,850)		5,267
		$	842,730	$	(601,694)	$	241,036	$	878,675	$	(615,566)	$	263,109

Summary of Estimated Future Amortization Expense

Estimated amortization expense as of March 31, 2023 is as follows for each of the next five years:

(in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,
Remainder of fiscal year 2023	$	71,305
2024	45,083
2025	35,729
2026	27,578
2027	22,070
Thereafter	61,344
	$	263,109

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Accrued Expenses (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Summary of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the periods presented consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Accrued compensation	$	29,835	$	18,392
Accrued cost of revenues	15,721		19,005
Accrued interest	3,143		106
Other accrued expenses	18,348		19,588
Total accrued expenses	$	67,047	$	57,091

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Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Lease Expense

The components of lease expense for the periods presented are as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Components of total lease costs
Operating lease expense	$	1,299	$	1,379
Sublease income	(72)		(222)
Total net lease costs	$	1,227	$	1,157

Schedule of Right-of-Use Assets and Lease Liabilities

Information related to the Company’s ROU assets and lease liabilities for the period presented is as follows:

(dollar amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Operating leases
Operating leases ROU asset - long-term	$	19,652
Operating leases ROU asset, net	$	19,652
Operating leases liability - current	$	3,565
Operating leases liability - long-term	16,574
Total operating leases liability	$	20,139

Weighted average remaining lease term in years - operating leases	4.5
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	4.50	%

Schedule of Remaining Lease Payments

Total remaining lease payments under the Company’s operating leases for the period presented are as follows:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Remainder of fiscal year 2023	$	4,378
2024	4,958
2025	4,610
2026	3,796
2027	3,468
2028	1,073
Thereafter	85
Total future minimum lease payments	$	22,368
Less: imputed interest	(2,229)
Total	$	20,139

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Company's Long-term Debt

The table below sets forth the Company’s long-term debt as presented in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented:

(in thousands)	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023
Current portion of long-term debt
Term Loans	$	7,500	$	9,375
Total current portion of long-term debt	$	7,500	$	9,375
Long-term debt
Term Loans, due November 29, 2027 (6.76% and 6.91% at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively)	292,500		288,750
Revolving Credit Facility	205,494		205,494
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	(4,004)		(3,810)
Total long-term debt, net	$	493,990	$	490,434

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their assigned levels within the valuation hierarchy as of December 31, 2022:

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
Contingent consideration - acquisition of EBI	$	—	$	—	$	1,219

The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their assigned levels within the valuation hierarchy as of March 31, 2023:

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	1,049	$	—
Liabilities
Interest rate swaps	—		8,024		—
Contingent consideration - acquisition of EBI	—		—		914
Contingent consideration - acquisitions of Socrates and A-Check	—		—		4,706

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Company's Outstanding Derivatives

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swap derivatives that were used to hedge its interest rate risks:

Product	Number of Instruments	Effective Date	Maturity Date	Notional
Interest Rate Swaps	4	February 28, 2023	November 29, 2027	$300.0 million USD

Summary of Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments

All financial derivative instruments are carried at their fair value on the balance sheet. The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the dates presented:

	Asset Derivatives
(in thousands)	As of December 31, 2022			As of March 31, 2023
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Other current assets	$	—	Other current assets	$	1,049
Interest rate swaps	Other assets	—		Other assets	$	—
Total interest rate swaps		$	—		$	1,049

	Liability Derivatives
(in thousands)	As of December 31, 2022			As of March 31, 2023
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Other current liabilities	$	—	Other current liabilities	$	—
Interest rate swaps	Other liabilities	—		Other liabilities	8,024
Total interest rate swaps		$	—		$	8,024

Schedule of Derivative Instruments, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The tables below present the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023			2022		2023
Derivatives in Hedging Relationships	Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Included Component)				Location of Gain Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	Amount of Gain Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Included Component)
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	(6,877)	Interest expense	$	—	$	97
Total	$	—	$	(6,877)		$	—	$	97

Summary of Cash Flow Hedge Accounting on Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The tables below present the effect of the Company’s cash flow hedge accounting on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
	Interest Expense		Interest Expense
Total amounts of income and expense line items in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded	$	6,336	$	8,608
Gain on cash flow hedging relationships
Interest rate swaps:
Amount of gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into income	$	—	$	97

Summary of Derivative Financial Instruments that are not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented:

		Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)		2022		2023
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	Location of Loss (Gain) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Amount of Loss (Gain) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Interest rate swaps	Loss (gain) on interest rate swaps	$	(328)	$	—
Total		$	(328)	$	—

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary Of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in cost of revenues, corporate, technology and production systems, and selling, general, and administrative expense in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
(in thousands)
Stock-based compensation expense
Cost of revenues	$	413	$	428
Corporate technology and production systems	531		612
Selling, general and administrative	4,164		7,003
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	5,108	$	8,043

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity

The table below provides a summary of service-based vesting options (“SVOs”) and performance-based stock options (“PSOs”) currently outstanding under the 2015 Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Outstanding SVOs						Outstanding PSOs
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)
Balances as of December 31, 2022	6,208,274	$	9.59	5.00	$	36,513	3,081,855	$	10.05	3.32	$	16,699
Granted	—	—					—	—
Forfeited / Cancelled	—	—					—	—
Exercised	—	—			—		—	—			—
Balances as of March 31, 2023 (1)	6,208,274	$	9.59	4.72	$	9,693	3,081,855	$	10.05	3.07	$	3,385

__________

(1)    All SVOs and PSOs are exercisable as of March 31, 2023.

The table below provides a summary of stock option activity under the 2021 Equity Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Fair Value (per share)
	(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	4,387,501	$	22.91	8.81	$	—
Granted	869,874	12.79					$	7.07
Forfeited / Cancelled	—	—
Exercised / Released	—	—			—		—
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	5,257,375	$	21.23	8.79	$	—
Exercisable at March 31, 2023	102,995	$	22.61	8.75	$	—	$	—

Share-based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock Activity

The table below provides a summary of restricted stock activity under the 2021 Equity Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value (per share)
Unvested at December 31, 2022	3,421,920	$	20.32
Granted	1,970,881	12.93
Forfeited / Cancelled	(77,795)	21.67
Vested	(92,370)	22.35
Unvested at March 31, 2023	5,222,636	$	17.47

The table below provides a summary of RSU activity under the 2021 Equity Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value (per share)
Unvested at December 31, 2022	51,249	$	21.18
Granted	12,262	12.79
Forfeited / Cancelled	(2,254)	23.00
Vested	(1,224)	22.35
Unvested at March 31, 2023	60,033	$	19.38

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Net Income per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented:

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Numerator:
Net income attributable to stockholders	$	6,236	$	591
Less: Undistributed amounts allocated to participating securities	—		—
Undistributed income allocated to stockholders	$	6,236	$	591
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic	93,967,819		92,877,506
Weighted average additional shares assuming conversion of potential common shares	5,218,637		2,472,836
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	99,186,456		95,350,342
Net income per share attributable to stockholders, basic	$	0.07	$	0.01
Net income per share attributable to stockholders, diluted	$	0.06	$	0.01

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share

The following potentially dilutive outstanding securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented, or issuance of such shares is contingent upon the satisfaction of certain conditions which were not satisfied by the end of the period:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022	2023
Stock options	8,866,851	12,136,464
Restricted Stock Awards	2,272,422	5,160,978
Restricted Stock Units	47,663	59,895

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Revenue (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables set forth total revenue by type of service for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
Screening services	$	189,748	$	176,871
Other services	2,224		2,403
Total revenue	$	191,972	$	179,274

Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas

The following table sets forth total revenue by geographic area in which the revenues and invoicing are recorded for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2022		2023
United States	$	159,316	$	149,742
All other countries	32,656		29,532
Total revenue	$	191,972	$	179,274

XML

Description of Business (Details)	Mar. 31, 2023
Sterling Check Corp.
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	61.10%

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) Segment	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of operating segments | Segment	1
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 50,964	$ 103,095
Cumulative translation adjustment losses	(4,900)	(5,600)
Sales credits and reserves	800	900
Allowance for expected credit losses	$ 2,473	2,304	$ 1,842		$ 2,949
Percentage of cloud-hosted revenue platforms	80.00%				95.00%
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Allowance for expected credit losses		0			$ 254
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Retained earnings				$ 300
Outside US
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Cash	$ 26,600	28,000
India
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Cash	5,400	5,100
Canada
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Cash	$ 1,900	$ 9,200
Internally Developed Software Assets
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	3 years

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 2,304	$ 2,949
Additions	244	308
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(78)	(1,669)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	3	0
Balance at end of period	2,473	1,842
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 0	$ 254

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Corporate Technology and Production Systems Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Corporate information technology	$ 5,267	$ 6,123
Development of platform and product initiatives	4,414	4,249
Production support and maintenance	2,271	2,180
Total production systems	6,685	6,429
Corporate technology and production systems	$ 11,952	$ 12,552

XML

Acquisitions - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)				3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended	13 Months Ended
	Mar. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2021	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration				$ 4,821,000	$ 0
Socrates and A-Check
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price	$ 65,900,000
Transaction expenses				2,700,000
Tax deductible goodwill	0
Socrates and A-Check | Customer lists
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived assets acquired	$ 28,000,000
Useful life of assets acquired	15 years
Socrates and A-Check | Trade Names
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful life of assets acquired	2 years
Socrates and A-Check | Developed Technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful life of assets acquired	8 years
Socrates and A-Check | Non-compete agreement
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful life of assets acquired	5 years
A-Check
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration	$ 4,700,000
Current portion of contingent consideration				$ 2,600,000
Contingent consideration period				1 year
Noncurrent portion of contingent consideration				$ 2,100,000
Socrates
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Retention requirements payable	$ 5,000,000
Period of retention requirements payable	2 years
EBI
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price		$ 67,500,000	$ 67,800,000
Contingent consideration			1,500,000
Current portion of contingent consideration		900,000				$ 900,000	$ 900,000
Contingent consideration period						2 years
Noncurrent portion of contingent consideration		$ 300,000				$ 300,000	300,000
Cash purchase price			$ 66,300,000
Total consideration, purchase price adjustment							$ (300,000)

XML

Acquisitions - Assets and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Consideration
Goodwill	$ 877,212		$ 849,609
Socrates and A-Check
Consideration
Cash		$ 11,935
Accounts receivable		4,279
Other current assets		805
Property and equipment		177
Intangible assets		32,141
Other long-term assets		6
Total assets acquired		49,343
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		1,156
Other current liabilities		1,291
Deferred tax liability		8,388
Other liabilities		2
Total liabilities assumed		10,837
Total identifiable net assets		38,506
Goodwill		27,352
Total consideration		$ 65,858

XML

Property and Equipment, net - Summary of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 50,524	$ 50,217
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(40,924)	(39,876)
Total property and equipment, net	9,600	10,341
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	2,516	2,568
Computers and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	41,421	41,084
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 6,587	$ 6,565

XML

Property and Equipment, net - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 1,000,000	$ 1,100,000
Write down no longer use in property and equipment	$ 100,000	$ 0

XML

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Summary of Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	$ 849,609
Acquisitions	27,352
Foreign currency translation adjustment	251
Goodwill, ending balance	$ 877,212

XML

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Summary of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 878,675	$ 842,730
Accumulated Amortization	(615,566)	(601,694)
Net	263,109	241,036
Customer lists
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	533,848	506,015
Accumulated Amortization	(348,729)	(340,579)
Net	185,119	165,436
Trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	77,791	77,198
Accumulated Amortization	(39,010)	(37,519)
Net	38,781	39,679
Non-compete agreement
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	3,976	3,179
Accumulated Amortization	(2,619)	(2,584)
Net	1,357	595
Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	252,943	246,220
Accumulated Amortization	(220,358)	(216,330)
Net	32,585	29,890
Domain names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	10,117	10,118
Accumulated Amortization	(4,850)	(4,682)
Net	$ 5,267	$ 5,436
Minimum | Customer lists
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives	7 years
Minimum | Trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives	2 years
Minimum | Non-compete agreement
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives	1 year
Minimum | Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives	3 years
Minimum | Domain names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives	2 years
Maximum | Customer lists
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives	17 years
Maximum | Trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives	16 years
Maximum | Non-compete agreement
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives	5 years
Maximum | Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives	8 years
Maximum | Domain names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives	15 years

XML

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net intangibles	$ 263,109,000		$ 241,036,000
Capitalized computer software, impairments	100,000	$ 0
Amortization of intangible assets	14,100,000	19,100,000
Software and Software Development Costs
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net intangibles	30,200,000		28,100,000
Capitalized computer software, additions	4,100,000	3,700,000
Software and Software Development Costs | Internal Cost
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Capitalized computer software, additions	3,400,000	3,000,000
Software and Software Development Costs | External Cost
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Capitalized computer software, additions	700,000	$ 700,000
Technology
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net intangibles	32,585,000		$ 29,890,000
Finite lived intangible assets, not yet in service	$ 5,100,000

XML

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Summary of Estimated Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of fiscal year 2023	$ 71,305
2024	45,083
2025	35,729
2026	27,578
2027	22,070
Thereafter	61,344
Net	$ 263,109	$ 241,036

XML

Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued compensation	$ 18,392	$ 29,835
Accrued cost of revenues	19,005	15,721
Accrued interest	106	3,143
Other accrued expenses	19,588	18,348
Total accrued expenses	$ 57,091	$ 67,047

XML

Leases - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) lease	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2022 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Right-of-use asset	$ 19,652	$ 20,084
Lease liability	$ 20,139
Credit agreement incremental borrowing rate used for leases	4.50%
Number of operating leases | lease	23
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining operating lease term	1 month
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining operating lease term	70 months
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Right-of-use asset			$ 23,500
Lease liability			$ 23,800

XML

Leases - Schedule of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 1,379	$ 1,299
Sublease income	(222)	(72)
Total net lease costs	$ 1,157	$ 1,227

XML

Leases - Schedule of Right-of-Use Assets and Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating leases ROU asset - long-term	$ 19,652
Operating leases ROU asset, net	19,652	$ 20,084
Operating leases liability - current	3,565	3,717
Operating leases liability - long-term	16,574	$ 16,835
Total operating leases liability	$ 20,139
Weighted average remaining lease term in years - operating leases	4 years 6 months
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	4.50%

XML

Leases - Schedule of Remaining Lease Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Remainder of fiscal year 2023	$ 4,378
2024	4,958
2025	4,610
2026	3,796
2027	3,468
2028	1,073
Thereafter	85
Total future minimum lease payments	22,368
Less: imputed interest	(2,229)
Total	$ 20,139

XML

Debt - Additional Information (Details) - Line of Credit - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 29, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate amount of borrowings permitted			$ 700,000,000
Level 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Estimated fair value	$ 488,700,000	$ 487,100,000
Secured Debt | Term Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate amount of borrowings permitted			300,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate amount of borrowings permitted			$ 400,000,000

XML

Debt - Summary of Company's Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current portion of long-term debt
Total current portion of long-term debt	$ 9,375	$ 7,500
Long-term debt
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	(3,810)	(4,004)
Total long-term debt, net	490,434	493,990
Line of Credit | Secured Debt | Term Loans
Current portion of long-term debt
Total current portion of long-term debt	9,375	7,500
Long-term debt
Long-term debt, gross	$ 288,750	$ 292,500
Interest rates	6.91%	6.76%
Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility
Long-term debt
Long-term debt, gross	$ 205,494	$ 205,494

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
EBI
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration	$ 0.9	$ 1.2
Current portion of contingent consideration		$ 0.9
Contingent consideration period		2 years
Noncurrent portion of contingent consideration		$ 0.3
A-Check
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration	4.7
Current portion of contingent consideration	$ 2.6
Contingent consideration period	1 year
Noncurrent portion of contingent consideration	$ 2.1

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Summary of Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
EBI
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration	$ 900	$ 1,200
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 1 | Interest rate swaps
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	0
Liabilities	0
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 1 | EBI
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration	0	0
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 1 | Socrates and A-Check
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration	0
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2 | Interest rate swaps
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	1,049
Liabilities	8,024
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2 | EBI
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration	0	0
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2 | Socrates and A-Check
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration	0
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 3 | Interest rate swaps
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	0
Liabilities	0
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 3 | EBI
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration	914	$ 1,219
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 3 | Socrates and A-Check
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration	$ 4,706

XML

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Summary of Company's Outstanding Derivatives (Details) - Interest rate swaps $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) instrument
Derivative [Line Items]
Number of Instruments | instrument	4
Notional | $	$ 300.0

XML

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Summary of Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: - Interest rate swaps - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives	$ 1,049	$ 0
Liability Derivatives	8,024	0
Other current assets
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives	1,049	0
Other assets
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives	0	0
Other current liabilities
Derivative [Line Items]
Liability Derivatives	0	0
Other liabilities
Derivative [Line Items]
Liability Derivatives	$ 8,024	$ 0

XML

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Summary of Effect of Cash Flow Hedge Accounting on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - Derivatives in Hedging Relationships - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Included Component)	$ (6,877)	$ 0
Amount of Gain Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Included Component)	97	0
Interest expense
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of Gain Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Included Component)	97	0
Interest rate swaps
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Included Component)	(6,877)	0
Interest rate swaps | Interest expense
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of Gain Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Included Component)	$ 97	$ 0

XML

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Summary of Cash Flow Hedge Accounting on Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Interest Expense	$ 8,608	$ 6,336
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Derivative [Line Items]
Interest Expense	8,608	6,336
Amount of gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into income	97	0
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: | Interest expense
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into income	97	0
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: | Interest rate swaps | Interest expense
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into income	$ 97	$ 0

XML

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Summary of Derivative Financial Instruments that are Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) instrument	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Interest rate swaps
Derivative [Line Items]
Number of Instruments | instrument	4
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Derivative [Line Items]
Number of Instruments | instrument	0
Amount of Loss (Gain) Recognized in Income on Derivatives | $	$ 0	$ (328)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: | Interest rate swaps | Loss (gain) on interest rate swaps
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of Loss (Gain) Recognized in Income on Derivatives | $	$ 0	$ (328)

XML

Income Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax provision	$ 1,102	$ 4,085
Effective tax rate	65.10%	39.60%

XML

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Litigation settlement obligation	$ 3,850		$ 4,165
Insurance receivable	900		$ 900
Net legal settlement expense	$ 100	$ 100

XML

Equity (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares	Nov. 23, 2022 USD ($)
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Total shares authorized (in shares)	1,100,000,000
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000,000	1,000,000,000
Common stock, par value (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Number of votes entitled to each share of common stock | vote	1
Dividends declared (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 0
Authorized common stock repurchase amount | $			$ 100,000
Common stock repurchased (in shares)	493,926
Value of common stock repurchased | $	$ 7,712

XML

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 8,043	$ 5,108
Cost of revenues
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	428	413
Corporate technology and production systems
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	612	531
Selling, general and administrative
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 7,003	$ 4,164

XML

Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions				3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 27, 2021	Aug. 04, 2021 shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) employee shares	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense | $				$ 109.3
Weighted average period of recognition				2 years 10 months 2 days
2015 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Post-termination exercise period			6 months
Extended post-termination exercise period			30 days
Maximum threshold percentage transfer of long term option shares within one year			25.00%
Effectiveness period of transfer of long term option shares within one year			6 months
Maximum threshold percentage transfer of long term option shares after one year			50.00%
2021 Equity Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award expiration term					10 years
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, shares issued in period (in shares) | shares			9,433,000
Percentage of outstanding stock maximum			5.00%
Share based compensation by share based award number of shares authorized for issuance (in shares) | shares			9,433,000
Share based compensation by share based award number of shares available for grant (in shares) | shares				8,403,520
NQSO
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to options | $				$ 34.8
Restricted Stock Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to restricted stock | $				73.6
Restricted Stock Awards | 2021 Equity Plan | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award vesting term	2 years
Share based compensation by share based award vesting percentage	50.00%
Restricted Stock Awards | 2021 Equity Plan | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award vesting term	3 years
Share based compensation by share based award vesting percentage	25.00%
Restricted Stock Awards | 2021 Equity Plan | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award vesting term	4 years
Share based compensation by share based award vesting percentage	25.00%
Restricted Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to restricted stock | $				$ 0.9
Restricted Stock Units | 2021 Equity Plan | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award vesting term		2 years
Share based compensation by share based award vesting percentage		50.00%
Restricted Stock Units | 2021 Equity Plan | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award vesting term		3 years
Share based compensation by share based award vesting percentage		25.00%
Restricted Stock Units | 2021 Equity Plan | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award vesting term		4 years
Share based compensation by share based award vesting percentage		25.00%
Restricted Stock Units | 2021 Equity Plan | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award vesting term				1 year
Restricted Stock Units | 2021 Equity Plan | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award vesting term				4 years
Stock Options | 2021 Equity Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award expiration term				10 years
Stock Options | 2021 Equity Plan | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award vesting term				1 year
Stock Options | 2021 Equity Plan | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award vesting term				4 years
Restricted Stock, Other | 2021 Equity Plan | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award vesting term				1 year
Restricted Stock, Other | 2021 Equity Plan | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation by share based award vesting term				4 years
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, shares issued in period (in shares) | shares				0
Number of eligible employees enrolled in ESPP | employee				0

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
2015 Plan | Service-Based Vesting Stock Options
Number of Shares
Balance at beginning of period (in shares)	6,208,274
Granted (in shares)	0
Forfeited / cancelled (in shares)	0
Exercised (in shares)	0
Balance at end of period (in shares)	6,208,274	6,208,274
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance at beginning of period (in USD per share)	$ 9.59
Granted (in USD per share)	0
Forfeited / cancelled (in USD per share)	0
Exercised (in USD per share)	0
Balance at end of period (in USD per share)	$ 9.59	$ 9.59
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)
Weighted average contractual term of options outstanding	4 years 8 months 19 days	5 years
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Beginning Balance, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 36,513
Exercised, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	0
Ending Balance, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 9,693	$ 36,513
2015 Plan | Performance-Based Stock Options
Number of Shares
Balance at beginning of period (in shares)	3,081,855
Granted (in shares)	0
Forfeited / cancelled (in shares)	0
Exercised (in shares)	0
Balance at end of period (in shares)	3,081,855	3,081,855
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance at beginning of period (in USD per share)	$ 10.05
Forfeited / cancelled (in USD per share)	0
Exercised (in USD per share)	0
Balance at end of period (in USD per share)	$ 10.05	$ 10.05
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)
Weighted average contractual term of options outstanding	3 years 25 days	3 years 3 months 25 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Beginning Balance, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 16,699
Exercised, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	0
Ending Balance, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 3,385	$ 16,699
2021 Equity Plan
Number of Shares
Balance at beginning of period (in shares)	4,387,501
Granted (in shares)	869,874
Forfeited / cancelled (in shares)	0
Exercised (in shares)	0
Balance at end of period (in shares)	5,257,375	4,387,501
Exercisable (in shares)	102,995
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance at beginning of period (in USD per share)	$ 22.91
Granted (in USD per share)	12.79
Forfeited / cancelled (in USD per share)	0
Exercised (in USD per share)	0
Balance at end of period (in USD per share)	21.23	$ 22.91
Exercisable (in USD per share)	$ 22.61
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)
Weighted average contractual term of options outstanding	8 years 9 months 14 days	8 years 9 months 21 days
Weighted average contractual term of options exercisable	8 years 9 months
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Beginning Balance, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 0
Ending Balance, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	0	$ 0
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable	$ 0
Weighted average fair value of options granted (in USD per share)	$ 7.07

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - 2021 Equity Plan	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock Awards
Number of Shares
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) | shares	3,421,920
Granted (in shares) | shares	1,970,881
Forfeited / cancelled (in shares) | shares	(77,795)
Vested (in shares) | shares	(92,370)
Balance at end of period (in shares) | shares	5,222,636
Weighted Average Fair Value (per share)
Balance at beginning of period (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 20.32
Granted (in USD per share) | $ / shares	12.93
Forfeited / cancelled (in USD per share) | $ / shares	21.67
Vested (in USD per share) | $ / shares	22.35
Balance at end of period (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 17.47
Restricted Stock Units
Number of Shares
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) | shares	51,249
Granted (in shares) | shares	12,262
Forfeited / cancelled (in shares) | shares	(2,254)
Vested (in shares) | shares	(1,224)
Balance at end of period (in shares) | shares	60,033
Weighted Average Fair Value (per share)
Balance at beginning of period (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 21.18
Granted (in USD per share) | $ / shares	12.79
Forfeited / cancelled (in USD per share) | $ / shares	23.00
Vested (in USD per share) | $ / shares	22.35
Balance at end of period (in USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 19.38

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Net Income per Share - Schedule of Earnings Per Share Basic and Diluted (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Numerator:
Net income attributable to stockholders	$ 591	$ 6,236
Less: Undistributed amounts allocated to participating securities	0	0
Undistributed income allocated to stockholders	$ 591	$ 6,236
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	92,877,506	93,967,819
Weighted average additional shares assuming conversion of potential shares of common stock (in shares)	2,472,836	5,218,637
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding - diluted (in shares)	95,350,342	99,186,456
Net income per share attributable to stockholders, basic (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.07
Net income per share attributable to stockholders, diluted (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.06

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Net Income per Share - Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	12,136,464	8,866,851
Restricted Stock Awards
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	5,160,978	2,272,422
Restricted Stock Units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	59,895	47,663

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Interest rate swaps
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Notional value interest rate swap with related party	$ 300.0
Goldman Sachs
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from related parties	1.1	$ 1.9
Accounts receivable from related party	0.6		$ 0.2
Goldman Sachs | J. Aron & Company LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts receivable from related party	0.1
Goldman Sachs | Interest rate swaps | J. Aron & Company LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Notional value interest rate swap with related party	75.0
Stockholders
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from related parties	0.1	$ 0.1
Accounts receivable from related party	$ 0.1		$ 0.1

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Revenue - Summary of Total Revenue by Type of Service (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 179,274	$ 191,972
Screening services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	176,871	189,748
Other services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 2,403	$ 2,224

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Revenue - Summary of Total Revenue by Geographic Area Based on the Billing Address of its Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 179,274	$ 191,972
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	149,742	159,316
All other countries
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 29,532	$ 32,656

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Revenue - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Deferred commissions, amortization period	3 years
Deferred commissions current	$ 3.3	$ 3.3
Deferred commissions non-current	$ 2.7	$ 2.7

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Subsequent Events (Detail)	40 Months Ended
	May 09, 2023 office
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of offices closed or reduce in size	12

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Label	Element	Value
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]	us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdateExtensibleList	Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member]