424B5 1 form424b5.htm

 

Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)

Registration Statement No. 333-248895

 

The information contained in this preliminary prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is not complete and may be changed. A registration statement relating to the securities has been declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission. This preliminary prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are not an offer to sell these securities, and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state or other jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED FEBRUARY 17, 2022

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

(To Prospectus Dated September 24, 2020)

 

 

Guardion Health Sciences, Inc.

 

           Units, Each Unit Consisting of One Share of Common Stock, One Series A Warrant to Purchase One share of Common Stock and One Series B Warrant to Purchase One Share of Common Stock

 

           Pre-funded Units, Each Pre-funded Unit Consisting of One Pre-funded Warrant to Purchase One Share of Common Stock, One Series A Warrant to Purchase One Share of Common Stock and One Series B Warrant to Purchase One Share of Common Stock

 

We are offering           units. Each unit consists of one share of our common stock, one warrant to purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price of       per share (or      % of the price of each Unit sold in the offering) which will be immediately exercisable and will expire five years from the date of issuance, or a series A warrant, and one warrant to purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price of      per share (or      % of the price of each Unit sold in the offering) which will be immediately exercisable and will expire eighteen months from the date of issuance, or a Series B warrant. Series A warrants and Series B warrants may be exercised only for a whole number of shares. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Series A warrants or Series B warrants. The units will not be certificated. The shares of common stock, the Series A warrants and the Series B warrants are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering.

 

We are also offering to those purchasers, if any, whose purchase of units in this offering would otherwise result in such purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding shares of common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase, if any such purchaser so chooses,        pre-funded units (each pre-funded unit consisting of one pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of common stock, one Series A warrant and one Series B warrant, in lieu of units that would otherwise result in such purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding shares of common stock. The purchase price of each pre-funded unit will be equal to the price per unit being sold to the public in this offering, minus $0.0001, and the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant included in the pre-funded units will be $0.0001 per share. The pre-funded warrants included in the pre-funded units will be certificated and will be immediately exercisable at any time after its original issuance until exercised in full.

 

The units and the pre-funded units will not be issued or certificated. The shares of common stock or pre-funded warrants, as the case may be, and the Series A warrants and Series B warrants included in the units or the pre-funded units can only be purchased together in this offering, but the securities contained in the units or pre-funded units will be immediately separable upon issuance and will be issued separately. The shares of common stock issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Series A warrants, the Series B warrants and the pre-funded warrants are also being offered by this prospectus.

 

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “GHSI.” On February 15, 2022, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market was $0.55 per share.

 

Investing in our common stock, Series A warrants, Series B warrants, pre-funded units and pre-funded warrants involves risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-8 of this prospectus supplement and the risks and uncertainties described in the documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission that are incorporated in this prospectus supplement by reference for certain risks and uncertainties relating to an investment in our common stock and warrants.

 

   Per unit 

Per

pre-funded

unit

  Total
Public offering price   $                              $           
Placement agent fees (1)    $       $ 
Proceeds, before expenses, to us   $       $ 

 

(1) We have agreed to issue the placement agent or its designees warrants to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to 5% of the units sold in this offering and to reimburse the placement agent for certain offering-related expenses. See “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page S-17 of this prospectus supplement for additional information regarding placement agent discounts, commissions and estimated expenses.

 

We have engaged Roth Capital Partners, LLC as our exclusive placement agent in connection with this offering. The placement agent has no obligation to buy any of the shares from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of securities. See “Plan of Distribution” beginning on Page S-17 of this prospectus supplement for more information regarding these arrangements.

 

We expect to deliver the shares of common stock and warrants to investors on or about February , 2022

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, nor any state securities commission, nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Roth Capital Partners

 

This prospectus supplement is dated February     , 2022.

 

 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Prospectus Supplement

 

  Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT S-1
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS S-2
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY S-3
RISK FACTORS S-8
USE OF PROCEEDS S-11
DILUTION S-11
DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING S-13
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION S-17
LEGAL MATTERS S-20
EXPERTS S-20
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION S-20
INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE S-21

 

Prospectus

 

 

Page

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS 1
SUMMARY 2
RISK FACTORS 5
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 5
USE OF PROCEEDS 5
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK 6
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES 8
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS 15
DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS 17
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS 18
LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES 20
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION 23
LEGAL MATTERS 25
EXPERTS 25
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION 26
INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE 26

 

We have not, and the placement agents has not, authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or any free writing prospectus we prepare or authorize, and neither we nor the placement agent take any responsibility for any other information that others may give you. This prospectus supplement is not an offer to sell, nor is it a solicitation of an offer to buy, the securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, or any free writing prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of those documents, or that the information contained in any document incorporated by reference is accurate as of any date other than the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus supplement or any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

 

s-i
 

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

 

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus relate to the offering of our common stock and warrants. Before buying any of the securities that we are offering, you should carefully read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, the information and documents incorporated herein by reference and the additional information under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Documents by Reference.” These documents contain important information that you should consider when making your investment decision.

 

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are part of a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-248895) that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and that was declared effective by the SEC on September 24, 2020. Under this shelf registration process, we may, from time to time, offer common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights and units, of which this offering is a part.

 

This document is in two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes the terms of this offering of common stock and also adds, updates and changes information contained in the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference. The second part is the accompanying prospectus, which provides more general information about our common stock and other securities that do not pertain to this offering of common stock. If information in this prospectus supplement is inconsistent with the accompanying prospectus, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus supplement, on the one hand, and the information contained in any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement. If any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date—for example, a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement—the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

 

You should rely only on the information contained in, or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and in any free writing prospectus that we may authorize for use in connection with this offering. We have not, and the Distribution Agents have not, authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the Distribution Agents are not, making an offer to sell or soliciting an offer to buy our securities in any jurisdiction in which an offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making that offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make an offer or solicitation. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement, and in any free writing prospectus that we may authorize for use in connection with this offering, is accurate only as of the date of those respective documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. You should read this prospectus supplement, the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement, and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize for use in connection with this offering, in their entirety before making an investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents to which we have referred you in the sections of this prospectus supplement entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Documents by Reference.”

 

We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The distribution of this prospectus supplement and the offering of the common stock in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus supplement must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the common stock and the distribution of this prospectus supplement outside the United States. This prospectus supplement does not constitute, and may not be used in connection with, an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities offered by this prospectus supplement by any person in any jurisdiction in which it is unlawful for such person to make such an offer or solicitation.

 

References in this prospectus supplement to “Guardion,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “our Company,” or “the Company” mean Guardion Health Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless we state otherwise or the context indicates otherwise.

 

S-1
 

 

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including the documents that we incorporate by reference, contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Any statements in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement about our expectations, beliefs, plans, or intentions regarding our product development and commercialization efforts, research and development efforts, business, financial condition, results of operations, strategies or prospects, and other similar matters are not historical facts and are forward-looking statements. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “believe,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan” and “would.” For example, statements concerning financial condition, possible or assumed future results of operations, growth opportunities, industry ranking, plans and objectives of management, markets for our common stock and future management and organizational structure are all forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. They involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement.

 

Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the risk factors discussed throughout this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Some of the risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from estimates or projections contained in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

 

  The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the global economy, including the possibility of a global recession, and more specifically the impact to our business, suppliers, consumers, customers, and employees;
     
  Our ability to raise sufficient capital to meet our long and short-term liquidity requirements;
     
  Our ability to integrate new members of our management team;
     
  Our ability to source and acquire potential transaction participants;
     
  Our ability to integrate acquired businesses and assets;
     
  Our ability to comply with the continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market;
     
  Our ability to successfully pursue our business plan and execute our strategy;
     
  Our ability to continue as a going concern; and
     
  The effect of economic and political conditions in the United States or other nations that could impact our ability to sell our products and services or gain customers.

 

The foregoing list sets forth some, but not all, of the factors that could affect our ability to achieve results described in any forward-looking statements. You should read this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and the documents that we reference herein and therein and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, and any future accompanying prospectus supplement is only accurate as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus supplement or such accompanying prospectus. Because the risk factors referred to on pages 8-10 of this prospectus supplement, page 5 of the accompanying prospectus and incorporated herein by reference, could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We qualify all of the information presented in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and particularly our forward-looking statements, by these cautionary statements.

 

S-2
 

 

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY

 

This summary highlights selected information about us, this offering and selected information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, and in the documents we incorporate by reference herein and therein. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before deciding whether to invest in our common stock. You should read this entire prospectus supplement, and the accompanying prospectus, carefully, including the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page S-8 of this prospectus supplement, the “Risk Factors” section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC, and our financial statements and the related notes and the other documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement.

 

Overview

 

We are a clinical nutrition and diagnostics company that develops and distributes clinically supported nutrition, medical foods, supplements and medical devices. We offer a portfolio of science-based, clinically supported products and devices designed to support healthcare professionals and providers, and their patients and consumers.

 

We see opportunities to grow our business and create value by acquiring, developing and distributing condition-specific, clinically proven nutrition, medical foods, supplements and diagnostic devices. Our portfolio of science-based, clinically supported products support healthcare professionals, their patients, and consumers in achieving health goals.

 

Our profile and focus fundamentally changed with the acquisition of Activ Nutritional, LLC (“Activ”) in June 2021, the owner and distributor of the Viactiv® line of supplements for bone health, immune health and other applications.

 

The acquisition and integration of the Viactiv line of products has changed our financial position, market profile and brand focus, and has also expanded our search for additional business opportunities in the short-term, both internal and external.

 

We believe the Activ acquisition adds valuable attributes, including (1) Viactiv’s brand awareness and acceptance from the consumer; (2) experienced management; (3) established distribution networks and relationships; (4) product development potential; and (5) a long track record of revenue growth and profitability.

 

  Brand awareness - Viactiv was initially launched by industry leaders Mead Johnson/Johnson & Johnson approximately twenty years ago, and we believe this history, along with the product’s marketing campaigns, taste profile and receipt of consistently positive consumer reviews, have led to strong consumer awareness and acceptance.
     
  Experienced management – As part of the Activ acquisition, we appointed Craig Sheehan as our Chief Commercial Officer. Mr. Sheehan was the senior executive responsible for the Viactiv brand as a member of the executive leadership team of Adare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Adare”).
     
  Established distribution – Viactiv’s products are currently marketed through many of the nation’s largest retailers, including, among others, Walmart (retail and online), Target, CVS and Amazon.
     
  Track record of profitability – Viactiv generated net revenues of approximately $11,900,000 in 2020 and operating income of approximately $1,200,000 in 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, on a pro forma basis, our total revenues would have been $10,138,421 and the Viactiv products would have accounted for 94% of our pro forma total revenues for the period. We expect the acquisition of Viactiv to contribute increasing revenue and consistent operating margins and profitability, as well as a multitude of growth opportunities, to our Company.

 

S-3
 

 

Acquisition of Activ Nutritional

 

On June 1, 2021, we completed our acquisition of Activ. The acquisition was made pursuant to an Equity Purchase Agreement dated May 18, 2021, between us, Adare and Activ. We acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity of Activ from Adare for $26 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments as provided in the Equity Purchase Agreement.

 

Activ owns the Viactiv® line of supplement chews for bone health, immune health and other applications which are currently marketed through many of the nation’s largest retailers, including, among others, Walmart (retail and online), Target and Amazon. The Viactiv product lines will be our most prominent product lines for the foreseeable future absent any additional significant acquisitions.

 

Recent Developments

 

Nasdaq Notification of Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard

 

On January 25, 2022, we received a notification from Nasdaq related to our failure to maintain a minimum bid price of $1 per share. Based upon the closing bid price for the last 30 consecutive business days, we no longer meets this requirement. However, the Nasdaq Listing Rules also provide us a compliance period of 180 calendar days in which to regain compliance. Accordingly, if at any time from the date of this notice until July 25, 2022, the closing bid price our common stock is at least $1 for a minimum of ten consecutive business days, Nasdaq will provide us with written confirmation of compliance and the matter will be closed. If we do not regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement by July 25, 2022, we may be afforded a second 180 calendar day period to regain compliance. To qualify, we would be required to meet all other initial listing standards, except for the minimum bid price requirement. In addition, we would be required to notify Nasdaq of our intent to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period. If we do not regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement by the end of the compliance period (or the second compliance period, if applicable), our common stock will become subject to delisting. If we are delisted from Nasdaq, our common stock may be eligible for trading on an over-the-counter market. If we are not able to obtain a listing on another stock exchange or quotation service for our common stock, it may be extremely difficult or impossible for stockholders to sell their shares. We intend to monitor the closing bid price of our common stock and may be required to seek approval from our stockholders to effect a reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock. However, there can be no assurance that the reverse stock split would be approved by our stockholders. Further, there can be no assurance that the market price per new share of our common stock after the reverse stock split will remain unchanged or increase in proportion to the reduction in the number of old shares of our common stock outstanding before the reverse stock split. Even if the reverse stock split is approved by our stockholders, there can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement or will otherwise be in compliance with other Nasdaq listing rules.

 

Certain Preliminary Year-End Financial Results (Unaudited)

 

Certain preliminary estimates of our unaudited financial results for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2021 are set forth below, based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus supplement. These preliminary estimates are not meant to be a comprehensive statement of our consolidated financial results for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2021 and actual results may differ materially from these estimates following the completion of our financial closing procedures and related adjustments for such periods which are not yet complete. This preliminary estimated data should not be considered a substitute for the financial information to be filed with the SEC in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 once it becomes available. See the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this prospectus supplement and the information incorporated herein for additional information regarding factors that could result in differences between the preliminary estimates of our unaudited financial results for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2021 below and the actual financial and other data we will report for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2021.

 

S-4
 

 

Preliminary Year-End Results ; Cash Position

 

On a preliminary basis, we had sales during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2021, of approximately $2.6 million, with Viactiv sales accounting for approximately $2.4 million of such revenues. On a preliminary basis for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, we had total sales of approximately $7.2 million, with sales from Viactiv totaling approximately $6.4 million of such sales. Since the Viactiv acquisition was completed in June 2021, Viactiv sales reflect seven months of sales in 2021. At January 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $9 million.

 

Certain Year-End Financial Results; We face the risk that a portion of our intangible assets and goodwill may be required to be impaired

 

When we acquired the Viactiv brand and business effective June 1, 2021, a substantial portion of the purchase price of the acquisition was allocated to intangible assets, consisting of a trade name and customer lists, and goodwill. At September 30, 2021, the carrying value of our net intangible assets and goodwill aggregated approximately $23.4 million. During the fourth quarter of 2021, we determined that a decrease in our market capitalization below book value may be indicative of the potential impairment of the intangible assets and goodwill at December 31, 2021. Although we have not completed the preparation of our audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, which will be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, we are in the process of analyzing the fair values and carrying values of the intangible assets and goodwill. The Company follows ASC 360 “Property, Plant and Equipment” in accounting for the finite-lived intangible assets and ASC 350 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other” in accounting for goodwill. ASC 360 requires impairment losses to eb recorded when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the assets are less than the assets’ carrying amounts. Under the guidance of ASC 350, goodwill is not amortized, rather it is tested for impairment annually, and will be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired.

 

Upon the completion of this analysis, we currently believe that it is more likely than not that we will be required to record an impairment charge on our financial statements at December 31, 2021, in the range of $14 million to $19 million, however, we can provide no assurance that the level of impairment will fall within this range. The maximum impairment charge that may result from our analysis could be up to the full carrying value of the intangible assets and goodwill. To the extent that we are required to record an impairment charge at December 31, 2021, management does not believe that any such impairment charge would reflect a diminution in the value of the Viactiv business as determined at the June 1, 2021 acquisition date, or its future performance potential. Although we have experienced certain inventory supply and supply chain issues during the latter part of 2021, Viactiv’s financial performance for June through December 2021, the seven months in 2021 that Viactiv was owned and operated by us, has met management’s initial expectations.

 

Launch of Direct-to-Consumer Online Store for Viactiv Products

 

During January 2022, we launched our new e-commerce venue through a Shopify store for our Viactiv line of products. The new e-commerce venue offers Viactiv customers the option of shopping via retail outlets (e.g., grocery, pharmacy, etc.) or online through those same retail websites or directly through our new branded website.

 

Launch of Viactiv® Omega BOOSTTM Gel Bites

 

We recently launched Viactiv® Omega BOOSTTM Gel Bites, our first expansion of the Viactiv brand since we acquired it in June 2021. The 1,200 mg Omega-3 gel bites are designed to provide total body support, including cardiovascular, brain, joint and eye health. The new dosage form is able to provide the potency of large, hard-to-swallow soft gels, in a great tasting chewable format that has ten times more Omega-3 than the leading fish oil gummies. The gel bite dosage form has been shown to have better absorption and fewer digestive issues than regular soft gel formulas, as well as no unpleasant fishy aftertaste, no sugar, and no “fish burps”, which can all be associated with certain other Omega-3 products.

 

S-5
 

 

VectorVision Restructuring

 

During December 2021, as part of management’s comprehensive evaluation of our business in order to focus on those brands and lines of business that management believes provide the greatest growth opportunities, we determined to restructure the operations of our VectorVision medical device business. We are in the process of substantially winding down the day-to-day operations of VectorVision, which is expected to significantly reduce costs, and to instead explore various alternative ways to preserve, manage and exploit our various related intellectual property rights, including our U.S. patents, associated with the VectorVision technology, which rights we believe are valuable and marketable. We are exploring both domestic and international business opportunities, such as licensing and distribution arrangements, with experienced parties, which could assist us in the economic exploitation of these intellectual property rights. As a result of this change to the VectorVision business strategy, management believes that it will be able to better focus its efforts and deploy capital to more growth oriented brands and product lines, like Viactiv, and other products in development, that it hopes to expeditiously bring to market in 2022.

 

Supply Chain Constraints

 

We have been experiencing supply chain constraints due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These constraints began in December 2021 and have continued into 2022. These constraints have impacted our ability to obtain inventory to fulfill customer orders for our Viactiv brand and may continue to impact our ability to fulfill customer orders going forward.

 

Corporate Information

 

Our mailing address is 2925 Richmond Avenue, Suite 1200, Houston, TX 77098. Our telephone number is (800) 873-5141 and our website address is www.guardionhealth.com. The information on our website is not part of, and should not be construed as being incorporated by reference into, this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

 

S-6
 

 


THE OFFERING

 

Units offered by us              Units, each unit consisting of one share of common stock, one Series A warrant and one Series B warrant, at an offering price of $     per unit.
     
Pre-funded units offered by us   We are also offering to those purchasers, if any, whose purchase of units in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding shares of common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase, if such purchasers so choose,            pre-funded units (each pre-funded unit consisting of one pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of common stock, one Series A warrant and one Series B warrant), in lieu of units that would otherwise result in any such purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% (at an offering price of $        per pre-funded unit) of our outstanding shares of common stock. The purchase price of each pre-funded unit will equal the public offering price at which units are being sold to the public in this offering, minus $0.0001.
     
Series A warrants offered by us              Series A warrants to purchase an aggregate of       shares of common stock. Each unit and pre-funded unit includes one Series A warrant. Each Series A warrant will have an exercise price of $ per share, will be immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date. This prospectus also relates to the offering of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series A warrants.
     
Series B warrants offered by us              Series B warrants to purchase an aggregate of            shares of common stock. Each unit and pre-funded unit includes one Series B warrant. Each Series B warrant will have an exercise price of $      per share, will be immediately exercisable and will expire on the eighteen month anniversary of the original issuance date. This prospectus also relates to the offering of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series B warrants
     
Pre-funded warrants offered by us              pre-funded warrants to purchase an aggregate of            shares of common stock. Each pre-funded unit includes one pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of common stock. Each pre-funded warrant will have an exercise price of $0.0001 per share, will be immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time after its original issuance until exercised in full. This prospectus also relates to the offering of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants.
     
Common stock to be outstanding after this offering (1)              shares of common stock (assuming no exercise of any Series A warrants, Series B warrants or pre-funded warrants issued in this offering and no exercise of outstanding options issued under our equity incentive plans and based on 24,426,993 shares outstanding as of February 14, 2021.
     
Use of proceeds   We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes. We will retain broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered hereby. See “Use of Proceeds” on page S-11 of this prospectus supplement for additional information.
     
Nasdaq Capital Market symbol   “GHSI”
     
Risk factors   See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-8 of this prospectus supplement and the other information included in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus for a discussion of certain factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in shares of our common stock, including the risk factors discussed in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” contained in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC.

 

(1) Based on 24,426,993 shares of common stock outstanding as of February 16, 2022 and excludes:

 

  1,061,429 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average exercise price of $6.26 per share;
     
  50,000 unvested shares of our restricted stock issuable; and
     
  876,325 shares of our common stock reserved for potential future issuance pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan; and
     
  485,067 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $3.81 per share; and
     
              shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series A warrants included in this offering, at an exercise price of $      per share; and
     
              shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series B warrants included in this offering, at an exercise price of $      per share; and
     
              shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants included in this offering, at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share.

 

S-7
 

 


RISK FACTORS

 

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our common stock, you should carefully consider the risk factors described below and the risk factors discussed in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” contained in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC and incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently view as immaterial, may also impair our business. If any of the risks or uncertainties described in our SEC filings or this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus or any additional risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you might lose all or part of your investment.

 

Risks Related to our Acquisition of Activ Nutritional

 

Integrating Activ’s business with our business may be more difficult, costly, or time-consuming than expected, and we may not realize the expected benefits of our acquisition of Activ, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

If we experience greater than anticipated costs to integrate, or are not able to successfully integrate, Activ’s business into our operations, we may not be able to achieve the anticipated benefits of our acquisition of Activ, including cost savings and other synergies and growth opportunities. Even if the integration of Activ’s business is successful, we may not realize all of the anticipated benefits of our acquisition of Activ during the anticipated time frame, or at all. For example, events outside our control, such as changes in regulations and laws, as well as economic trends, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, could adversely affect our ability to realize the expected benefits from our acquisition of Activ. An inability to realize the full extent of the anticipated benefits of our acquisition of Activ could have an adverse effect upon our revenue, level of expenses, and results of operations.

 

Activ may have liabilities that are not known to us.

 

Activ may have liabilities that we failed, or were unable, to discover in the course of performing our due diligence investigations in connection with our acquisition of Activ. We may learn additional information about Activ that materially and adversely affects us and Activ, such as unknown or contingent liabilities and liabilities related to compliance with applicable laws. Moreover, Activ may be subject to audits, reviews, inquiries, investigations, and claims of non-compliance and litigation by federal and state regulatory agencies which could result in liabilities or other sanctions. Any such liabilities or sanctions, individually or in the aggregate, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

We have made certain assumptions relating to the Activ acquisition that may prove to be materially inaccurate.

 

We have made certain assumptions relating to the Activ acquisition that may prove to be inaccurate, including as the result of the failure to realize the expected benefits of the Activ acquisition, failure to realize expected revenue growth rates, higher than expected operating and transaction costs, as well as general economic and business conditions that adversely affect our Company.

 

We will likely be required to record an impairment charge at December 31, 2021 relating to the Activ acquisition.

 

When we acquired the Viactiv brand and business effective June 1, 2021, a substantial portion of the purchase price of the acquisition was allocated to intangible assets, consisting of a trade name and customer lists, and goodwill. At September 30, 2021, the carrying value of our net intangible assets and goodwill aggregated approximately $23.4 million. During the fourth quarter of 2021, we determined that a decrease in our market capitalization below book value may be indicative of the potential impairment of the intangible assets and goodwill at December 31, 2021. Although we have not completed the preparation of our audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, which will be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, we are in the process of analyzing the fair values and carrying values of the intangible assets and goodwill. The Company follows ASC 360 “Property, Plant and Equipment” in accounting for the finite-lived intangible assets and ASC 350 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other” in accounting for goodwill. ASC 360 requires impairment losses to eb recorded when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the assets are less than the assets’ carrying amounts. Under the guidance of ASC 350, goodwill is not amortized, rather it is tested for impairment annually, and will be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired.

 

S-8
 

 

Upon the completion of this analysis, we currently believe that it is more likely than not that we will be required to record an impairment charge on our financial statements at December 31, 2021, in the range of $14 million to $19 million, however, we can provide no assurance that the level of impairment will fall within this range. The maximum impairment charge that may result from our analysis could be up to the full carrying value of the intangible assets and goodwill. To the extent that we are required to record an impairment charge at December 31, 2021, management does not believe that any such impairment charge would reflect a diminution in the value of the Viactiv business as determined at the June 1, 2021 acquisition date, or its future performance potential. Although we have experienced certain inventory supply and supply chain issues during the latter part of 2021, Viactiv’s financial performance for June through December 2021, the seven months in 2021 that Viactiv was owned and operated by us, has met management’s initial expectations.

 

Risks Related to this Offering

 

Our management will have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from this offering, you may not agree with how we use the proceeds, and the proceeds may not be invested successfully.

 

Our management will have broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from any offering by us and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of this offering. Accordingly, you will be relying on the judgment of our management with regard to the use of these net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. It is possible that the proceeds will be invested in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us.

 

You may experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of the common stock you purchase in the offering.

 

Since the offering price per unit of the securities being offered is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock, you will suffer substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of the common stock you purchase in this offering. Based on the offering price of $       per unit, and attributing no value to the warrants offered in this offering, if you purchase units in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution of $       per share in the net tangible book value of the common stock. In the event that you exercise your warrants, you will experience additional dilution to the extent that the exercise price of those warrants is higher than the book value per share of our common stock. See the section entitled “Dilution” below for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you would incur if you purchase securities in this offering.

 

You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.

 

In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in this offering. We may sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is less than the price per share paid by any investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into common stock, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by any investors in this offering.

 

S-9
 

 

Because we do not currently intend to declare cash dividends on our shares of common stock in the foreseeable future, stockholders must rely on appreciation of the value of our common stock for any return on their investment.

 

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not plan to pay any cash dividends in the near future. We currently intend to retain all of our future earnings, if any, to finance the operation, development and growth of our business. Furthermore, any future debt agreements may also preclude us from paying or place restrictions on our ability to pay dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be your sole source of gain with respect to your investment for the foreseeable future.

 

The exercise of our outstanding options and warrants will dilute stockholders and could decrease our stock price.

 

The exercise of our outstanding options and warrants may adversely affect our stock price due to sales of a large number of shares or the perception that such sales could occur. These factors also could make it more difficult to raise funds through future offerings of our securities, and could adversely impact the terms under which we could obtain additional equity capital. Exercise of outstanding options and warrants or any future issuance of additional shares of common stock or other securities, including, but not limited to preferred stock, options, warrants, restricted stock units or other derivative securities convertible into our common stock, may result in significant dilution to our stockholders and may decrease our stock price.

 

Risks Related to our Securities and our Business

 

We received a written notice from Nasdaq that we have failed to comply with certain listing requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market, which could result in our Common Stock being delisted from the Nasdaq Stock Market.

 

On January 25, 2022, we received a notification from Nasdaq related to our failure to maintain a minimum bid price of $1 per share. Based upon the closing bid price for the last 30 consecutive business days, we no longer meets this requirement. However, the Nasdaq Listing Rules also provide us a compliance period of 180 calendar days in which to regain compliance. Accordingly, if at any time from the date of this notice until July 25, 2022, the closing bid price our common stock is at least $1 for a minimum of ten consecutive business days, Nasdaq will provide us with written confirmation of compliance and the matter will be closed. If we do not regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement by July 25, 2022, we may be afforded a second 180 calendar day period to regain compliance. To qualify, we would be required to meet all other initial listing standards, except for the minimum bid price requirement. In addition, we would be required to notify Nasdaq of our intent to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period. If we do not regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement by the end of the compliance period (or the second compliance period, if applicable), our common stock will become subject to delisting. If we are delisted from Nasdaq, our common stock may be eligible for trading on an over-the-counter market. If we are not able to obtain a listing on another stock exchange or quotation service for our common stock, it may be extremely difficult or impossible for stockholders to sell their shares. We intend to monitor the closing bid price of our common stock and may be required to seek approval from our stockholders to effect a reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock. However, there can be no assurance that the reverse stock split would be approved by our stockholders. Further, there can be no assurance that the market price per new share of our common stock after the reverse stock split will remain unchanged or increase in proportion to the reduction in the number of old shares of our common stock outstanding before the reverse stock split. Even if the reverse stock split is approved by our stockholders, there can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement or will otherwise be in compliance with other Nasdaq listing rules.

 

If we are delisted from Nasdaq, our common stock may be eligible for trading on an over-the-counter market. If we are not able to obtain a listing on another stock exchange or quotation service for our common stock, it may be extremely difficult or impossible for stockholders to sell their shares of common stock. Moreover, if we are delisted from Nasdaq, but obtain a substitute listing for our common stock, it will likely be on a market with less liquidity, and therefore experience potentially more price volatility than experienced on Nasdaq. Stockholders may not be able to sell their shares of common stock on any such substitute market in the quantities, at the times, or at the prices that could potentially be available on a more liquid trading market. As a result of these factors, if our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq, the value and liquidity of our common stock, warrants and pre-funded warrants would likely be significantly adversely affected. A delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq could also adversely affect our ability to obtain financing for our operations and/or result in a loss of confidence by investors, employees and/or business partners.

 

S-10
 

 

If we implement a reverse stock split, liquidity of our common stock may be adversely effected.

 

We may be required to seek approval from our stockholders to effect a reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock in order to regain compliance with the Nasdaq minimum bid price requirement. However, there can be no assurance that the reverse stock split would be approved by our stockholders. Further, there can be no assurance that the market price per new share of our common stock after the reverse stock split will remain unchanged or increase in proportion to the reduction in the number of old shares of our common stock outstanding before the reverse stock split. The liquidity of the shares of our common stock may be affected adversely by any reverse stock split given the reduced number of shares of our common stock that will be outstanding following the reverse stock split, especially if the market price of our common stock does not increase as a result of the reverse stock split.

 

Following any reverse stock split, the resulting market price of our common stock may not attract new investors and may not satisfy the investing requirements of those investors. Although we believe that a higher market price of our common stock may help generate greater or broader investor interest, there can be no assurance that the reverse stock split will result in a share price that will attract new investors, including institutional investors. In addition, there can be no assurance that the market price of our common stock will satisfy the investing requirements of those investors. As a result, the trading liquidity of our common stock may not necessarily improve.

 

We have been experiencing supply chain constraint due to the COVID-19 pandemic which have been impacting our business. If we continue to suffer from these constraints, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

 

We have been experiencing supply chain constraints due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These constraints began in December 2021 and have continued into 2022. These constraints have impacted our ability to obtain inventory to fulfill customer orders for our Viactiv brand and may continue to impact our ability to fulfill customer orders going forward which would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $       , after deducting placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us as described in “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page S-17 and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Series A warrants, Series B warrants or pre-funded warrants sold in this offering.

 

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes. We may also use the net proceeds to expand the marketing of our existing products, to develop additional products, and/or invest in or acquire complementary businesses, products, or technologies, although we have no current commitments or agreements with respect to any such investments or acquisitions as of the date of this prospectus supplement. We have not determined the amount of net proceeds to be used specifically for the foregoing purposes or any others we may pursue. As a result, our management will have broad discretion in the use and allocation of the net proceeds and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds from any sale of the securities. Pending use of the net proceeds, we currently intend to initially invest the proceeds in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing instruments and/or securities.

 

DILUTION

 

If you invest in our securities, your ownership interest may be diluted to the extent of the difference between the amount per unit paid by purchasers, assuming no value is attributed to the Series A warrants, Series B warrants or pre-funded warrants, in this public offering and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after the closing of this offering. Such calculation does not reflect any potential dilution associated with the sale and exercise of Series A warrants, Series B warrants or pre-funded warrants, which would cause the actual dilution to you to be higher.

 

S-11
 

 

Our net tangible book value is the amount of our total tangible assets less our total liabilities. Net tangible book value per share is our net tangible book value divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2021. Our net tangible book value as of September 30, 2021 was $13,196,582, or $0.54 per share, of common stock.

 

After giving effect to the sale of       units by us in this offering at a public offering price of $       per unit and the sale of       pre-funded units by us in this offering at a public offering price of $       per pre-funded unit, and after deducting estimated placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2021 would have been $       , or $       per share of common stock. This represents an immediate decrease in net tangible book value of $       per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate accretion of $       per share to investors purchasing units in this offering.

 

The following table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis:

 

Offering price per share                                    $ 
Historical net tangible book value per common share as of September 30, 2021  $     
Decrease in net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors purchasing our common stock in this offering  $     
As-adjusted net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2021      $ 
Dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors purchasing our common stock in this offering        

 

If any shares of common stock are issued upon exercise of outstanding options or warrants, you may experience further dilution or accretion.

 

The above discussion and table are based on 24,426,993 shares of our common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and excludes the following, all as of September 30, 2021:

 

  1,019,762 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average exercise price of $6.26 per share;
     
  50,000 unvested shares of our restricted stock issuable; and
     
  876,325 shares of our common stock reserved for potential future issuance pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan; and
     
  485,067 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $3.81 per share; and
     
             shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series A warrants included in this offering, at an exercise price of $      per share; and
     
             shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series B warrants included in this offering, at an exercise price of $      per share; and
     
             shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants included in this offering, at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share.

 

To the extent that options or warrants are exercised or other derivative securities are exercised or converted into common stock, there may be further dilution to new investors.

 

S-12
 

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING

 

The following description is a summary of some of the terms of our securities, our organizational documents and Delaware law. The descriptions in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus of our securities and our organizational documents do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, our organizational documents, copies of which have been or will be filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus form a part. This summary supplements the description of our capital stock in the accompanying prospectus and, to the extent it is inconsistent, replaces the description in the accompanying prospectus.

 

We are offering (i)           units, each unit consisting of one share of common stock, one Series A Warrant and one Series B Warrant, and (ii)           pre-funded units, each pre-funded unit consisting of one pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of common stock, one Series A Warrant and one Series B Warrant. For each pre-funded unit we sell, the number of units we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.

 

Each share of common stock and accompanying Series A Warrant and Series B Warrant included in each unit will be immediately separable upon issuance and will be issued separately, and each pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of common stock and the accompanying Series A Warrant and Series B Warrant included in each pre-funded unit will be immediately separable upon issuance and will be issued separately. The units and pre-funded units will not be issued or certificated. We are also registering the shares of common stock included in the units and the shares of common stock issuable from time to time upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants included in pre-funded units and Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants included in the units and the pre-funded units offered hereby.

 

Common Stock Included in the Units Offered Hereby

 

A description of the common stock we are offering pursuant to this prospectus supplement is set forth hereunder and under the heading “Description of Capital Stock” starting on page 6 of the accompanying prospectus. As of February 14, 2022, we had 24,426,993 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

Warrants Included in the Units Offered Hereby

 

Series A Warrants

 

Duration and Exercise Price. Each Series A Warrant offered hereby will have an initial exercise price per share equal to $        . The Series A Warrant will be immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our shares of common stock and the exercise price. In addition, in the event we effect a reverse stock split during the term of the warrant, the exercise price following such reverse split will be subject to further adjustment in the event the trading price of our common stock following such reverse stock split is lower than the exercise price of such warrant.

 

Exercisability. The Series A Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of the holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise, as discussed below). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the Series A Warrant to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the outstanding shares of common stock immediately after exercise. However, upon notice from the holder to us, the holder may decrease or increase the holder’s beneficial ownership limitation, which may not exceed 9.99% of the number of outstanding shares of common stock immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Series A Warrants, provided that any increase in the beneficial ownership limitation will not take effect until 61 days following notice to us. Purchasers in this offering may also elect, prior to the issuance of the Series A Warrants, to have the initial exercise limitation set at 9.99% of our outstanding shares of common stock. No fractional shares will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Series A Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will either pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price or round down to the next whole share.

 

S-13
 

 

Cashless Exercise. If, at the time a holder exercises its Series A Warrants, a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Series A Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or available and an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is not available for the issuance of such shares, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the common Series A Warrants.

 

Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, a Series A Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the Series A Warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.

 

Exchange Listing. There is no trading market available for the Series A Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. We do not intend to list the Series A Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.

 

Right as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided in the Series A Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of our shares of common stock, the holders of the Series A Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our shares of common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their Series A Warrants.

 

Fundamental Transaction. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the Series A Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our shares of common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding shares of common stock, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of common stock, the holders of the Series A Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Series A Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the Series A Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. In the event of a fundamental transaction, the holder of a Series A Warrant shall have the option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the fundamental transaction to cause us to purchase the Series A Warrant from them for cash in an amount equal to the Black Scholes value of such warrant calculated in accordance with the terms of the Series A Warrant.

 

Series B Warrants

 

Duration and Exercise Price. Each Series B Warrant offered hereby will have an initial exercise price per share equal to $       . The Series B Warrants will be immediately exercisable and will expire on the eighteen month anniversary of the original issuance date. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our shares of common stock and the exercise price. In addition, in the event we effect a reverse stock split during the term of the warrant, the exercise price following such reverse split will be subject to further adjustment in the event the trading price of our common stock following such reverse stock split is lower than the exercise price of such warrant. Also, subject to customary exceptions, the exercise price of the Series B warrants is subject to adjustment in the event of issuances of our common stock or common stock equivalents at a price below the exercise price of the Series B warrants. In such event, the exercise price of the Series B warrants will be reduced to the price of the securities issued in such transactions.

 

Exercisability. The Series B Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of the holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise, as discussed below). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the Series B Warrant to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the outstanding shares of common stock immediately after exercise. However, upon notice from the holder to us, the holder may decrease or increase the holder’s beneficial ownership limitation, which may not exceed 9.99% of the number of outstanding shares of common stock immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Series B Warrants, provided that any increase in the beneficial ownership limitation will not take effect until 61 days following notice to us. Purchasers in this offering may also elect, prior to the issuance of the Series B Warrants, to have the initial exercise limitation set at 9.99% of our outstanding shares of common stock. No fractional shares will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Series B Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will either pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price or round down to the next whole share.

 

S-14
 

 

Cashless Exercise. If, at the time a holder exercises its Series B Warrants, a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Series B Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or available and an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is not available for the issuance of such shares, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the Series B Warrants.

 

Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, a Series B Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the Series B Warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.

 

Exchange Listing. There is no trading market available for the Series B Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. We do not intend to list the Series B Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.

 

Right as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided in the Series B Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of our shares of common stock, the holders of the Series B Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our shares of common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their Series B Warrants.

 

Fundamental Transaction. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the Series B Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our shares of common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding shares of common stock, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of common stock, the holders of the Series B Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Series B Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. In the event of a fundamental transaction, the holder of a Series B Warrant shall have the option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the fundamental transaction to cause us to purchase the Series A Warrant from them for cash in an amount equal to the Black Scholes value of such warrant calculated in accordance with the terms of the Series B Warrant.

 

Pre-Funded Warrants

 

Duration and Exercise Price. Each pre-funded warrant offered hereby will have an initial exercise price per share equal to $0.0001. The pre-funded warrants will be immediately exercisable and may be exercised for a period of 20 years following the date of issuance. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our shares of common stock and the exercise price. The pre-funded warrants will be issued in certificate form.

 

Exercisability. The pre-funded warrants will be exercisable, at the option of the holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly-executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below). Purchasers of the pre-funded warrants in this offering may elect to deliver their exercise notice following the pricing of the offering and prior to the issuance of the pre-funded warrants at closing to have their pre-funded warrants exercised immediately upon issuance and receive shares of common stock underlying the pre-funded warrants upon closing of this offering. A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the pre-funded warrant to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the outstanding shares of common stock immediately after exercise. However, upon notice from the holder to us, the holder may decrease or increase the beneficial ownership limitation, which may not exceed 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the pre-funded warrants, provided that any increase in the beneficial ownership limitation will not take effect until 61 days following notice to us. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a pre-funded warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will either pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price or round down to the next whole share.

 

S-15
 

 

Cashless Exercise. At any time, in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of the shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the pre-funded warrants.

 

Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, a pre-funded warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the pre-funded warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.

 

Exchange Listing. There is no trading market available for the pre-funded warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. We do not intend to list the pre-funded warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.

 

Right as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided in the pre-funded warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of our shares of common stock, the holders of the pre-funded warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our shares of common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their pre-funded warrants.

 

Fundamental Transaction. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the pre-funded warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our shares of common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding shares of common stock, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of common stock, the holders of the pre-funded warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the pre-funded warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction.

 

Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of Delaware State Law

 

We are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a public Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless:

 

  the transaction was approved by the board of directors prior to the time that the stockholder became an interested stockholder;
  upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding shares owned by directors who are also officers of the corporation and shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or
  at or subsequent to the time the stockholder became an interested stockholder, the business combination was approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

 

In general, Section 203 defines a “business combination” to include mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in financial benefit to a stockholder and an “interested stockholder” as a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years did own, 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock. These provisions may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing changes in control of our company.

 

Our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws include a number of provisions that could deter hostile takeovers or delay or prevent changes in control of our board of directors or management team, including the following:

 

S-16
 

 

Board of Directors Vacancies. Our bylaws authorize only our board of directors to fill vacant directorships, including newly created seats. In addition, the number of directors constituting our board of directors will be permitted to be set only by a resolution adopted by a majority vote of our entire board of directors. These provisions would prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of our board of directors and then gaining control of our board of directors by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees. This will make it more difficult to change the composition of our board of directors and will promote continuity of management.

 

Ability of Stockholders to Call Special Meetings. Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws provide that stockholders can only call a special meeting if stockholders holding over 50% of all issued and outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote at a meeting do so.

 

Advance Notice Requirements. Our Bylaws establish advance notice procedures with regard to stockholder proposals relating to the nomination of candidates for election as directors or new business to be brought before meetings of stockholders. These procedures provide that notice of such stockholder proposals must be timely given in writing to the Secretary of the Company prior to the meeting at which the action is to be taken. The notice must contain certain information specified in our Bylaws.

 

Exclusive Forum Provision. In accordance with an exclusive forum provision set forth in the Bylaws, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for certain state law based actions including certain derivative actions or proceedings brought on behalf of the Company; an action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty owed by an officer, a director, employee or to the shareholders of the Company; any claim arising under Delaware corporate law; and any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

 

No Cumulative Voting. The Delaware General Corporation Law provides that stockholders are not entitled to cumulate votes in the election of directors unless a corporation’s certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Our certificate of incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting.

 

Issuance of Undesignated Preferred Stock. Our board of directors will have the authority, without further action by our stockholders, to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with rights and preferences, including voting rights, designated from time to time by our board of directors. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock would enable our board of directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or other means.

 

Listing

 

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “GHSI.”

 

Transfer Agent and Registrar

 

The Transfer Agent and Registrar for our common stock is VStock Transfer, LLC.

 

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

Roth Capital Partners, LLC, which we refer to as the placement agent, has agreed to act as the exclusive placement agent in connection with this offering subject to the terms and conditions of a placement agent agreement, dated February , 2022. The placement agent may engage selected dealers to assist in the placement of our common shares offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus. The placement agent is not purchasing or selling any of our common shares offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, nor is it required to arrange the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of our securities, but has agreed to use its commercially reasonable “best efforts” to arrange for the sale of all of our securities offered hereby. We may not sell the entire amount of securities offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus. The public offering price of the securities offered hereby has been determined based upon arm’s-length negotiations between the purchasers and us. Only certain institutional investors purchasing the securities offered hereby will execute, at such investors’ option, a securities purchase agreement with us, providing such investors with certain representations, warranties and covenants from us, which representations, warranties and covenants will not be available to other investors who will not execute a securities purchase agreement in connection with the purchase of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus. Therefore, those investors shall rely solely on this prospectus in connection with the purchase of securities in this offering.

 

S-17
 

 

Commissions and Expenses

 

We have agreed to pay the placement agent an aggregate cash placement fee equal to 7% of the gross proceeds in this offering received from investors introduced by the placement agent.

 

The following table shows the per share and total cash placement agent’s fees we will pay to the placement agent in connection with the sale of our units offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus assuming the purchase of all of the units offered hereby:

 

   Per unit  Per pre-funded unit  Total
Public offering price   $                     $            
Placement agent fees (1)    $       $ 
Proceeds, before expenses, to us   $       $ 

 

Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to closing in this offering, the actual total placement agent fees, if any, are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amount set forth above. We have also agreed to reimburse the placement agent for its out-of-pocket expenses in an amount not to exceed $100,000.

 

Our obligation to issue and sell units to the purchasers is subject to the conditions set forth in the securities purchase agreements, which may be waived by us at our discretion. A purchaser’s obligation to purchase our units is subject to the conditions set forth in his or her securities purchase agreement as well, which may also be waived.

 

We currently anticipate that the sale of our common shares offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus will be completed on or about February , 2022. We estimate the total offering expenses of this offering that will be payable by us, excluding the placement agent’s fees, will be approximately $       , which includes legal and printing costs, various other fees and reimbursement of the placements agent’s expenses.

 

Placement Agent Warrants

 

We have agreed to issue to the placement agent warrants to purchase the number of shares of common stock equal to 5.0% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock underlying the units sold in this offering (the “Placement Agent Warrants”). The Placement Agent Warrants will be exercisable immediately and will have the same terms as the warrants, except that (i) the exercise price of the Placement Agent Warrants will be $ per share, which is equal to 110% of the public offering price per unit, and (ii) the Placement Agent Warrants will expire five years from the commencement of the sales pursuant to this offering.

 

Tail Financing Payments

 

We have also agreed to pay the placement agent, subject to certain exceptions, a tail fee equal to the cash compensation in this offering with respect to any sale of our securities to an investor who was identified and contacted by the placement agent during the term of its engagement, to the extent that such sale is consummated or an agreement for such sale is entered into within the six-month period following the termination or expiration of our engagement agreement with the placement agent.

 

S-18
 

 

Right of First Refusal

 

We have also granted the placement agent a six-month right of first refusal to act as exclusive placement agent or lead underwriter and bookrunner if we decide to pursue any public or private offering of equity, equity-linked or debt securities.

 

Indemnification

 

We have agreed to indemnify the placement agent against liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. We have also agreed to contribute to payments the placement agent may be required to make in respect of such liabilities.

 

Lock-up Agreement

 

We and our officers and directors have agreed, subject to certain exceptions, for a period of 90 days for officers and directors and 120 days for the Company after the date of this prospectus supplement, not to offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock without the prior written consent of the placement agent. The placement agent may, in its sole discretion and at any time or from time to time before the termination of the lock-up period, without notice, release all or any portion of the securities subject to lock-up agreements.

 

We have also agreed, subject to certain exceptions, until the one-year anniversary of the closing of this offering, not to effect or enter into an agreement to effect any issuance by us or any of our subsidiaries of common stock or any securities which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time our common stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, our common stock (or a combination of units thereof) involving a transaction in which we (i) issue or sell any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive, additional shares of our common stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of our common stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to our business or the market for our common stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit, whereby we may issue securities at a future determined price. Notwithstanding the foregoing, on or after the one hundred twentieth day anniversary of the date of this prospectus, we may sell shares pursuant to our Equity Distribution Agreement dated January 28, 2022 or any other at-the-market facility that we enter into following such one hundred twenty day period.

 

Electronic Distribution

 

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus may be made available in electronic format on websites or through other online services maintained by the placement agent, or by an affiliate. Other than this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, the information on the placement agent’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by the placement agent is not part of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus form a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the placement agent, and should not be relied upon by investors.

 

The foregoing does not purport to be a complete statement of the terms and conditions of the placement agent agreement and subscription agreements. A copy of the placement agent agreement and the form of subscription agreement with the purchasers are included as exhibits to our current report on Form 8-K that will be filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information” on page S-20.

 

Regulation M Restrictions

 

The placement agent may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act, and any commissions received by it and any profit realized on the resale of our common shares sold by it while acting as a principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. As an underwriter, the placement agent would be required to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including, without limitation, Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act and Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of our common shares by the placement agent acting as a principal. Under these rules and regulations, the placement agent:

 

  must not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our common stock; and
     
  must not bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our common stock, other than as permitted under the Exchange Act, until it has completed its participation in the distribution.

 

S-19
 

 

Passive Market Making

 

In connection with this offering, the placement agent and any selling group members may engage in passive market making transactions in our common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, during a period before the commencement of offers or sales of common stock and extending through the completion of the distribution. A passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid of that security. However, if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, that bid must then be lowered when specified purchase limits are exceeded.

 

Other

 

From time to time, the placement agent and its affiliates have provided, and may in the future provide, various investment banking, financial advisory and other services to us and our affiliates for which services they have received, and may in the future receive, customary fees. In the course of their businesses, the placement agent and its affiliates may actively trade our securities or loans for their own account or for the accounts of customers, and, accordingly, the placement agent and its affiliates may at any time hold long or short positions in such securities or loans. Except for services provided in connection with this offering and our recently terminated Equity Distribution Agreement with our “at-the-market” offering, under which the placement agent acted as a co-agent, the placement agent has not provided any investment banking or other financial services during the 180-day period preceding the date of this prospectus supplement and we do not expect to retain the placement agent to perform any investment banking or other financial services for at least 90 days after the date of this prospectus supplement.

 

Listing

 

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “GHSI.”

 

LEGAL MATTERS

 

Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP, Los Angeles, California, has passed upon the validity of the common stock offered hereby. Lowenstein Sandler LLP, New York, New York, is counsel for the placement agent in connection with this offering.

 

EXPERTS

 

Weinberg & Company, P.A., independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and for the years then ended, as set forth in their report thereon, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Our financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on Weinberg & Company, P.A.’s report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

 

We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are also available at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus form part of a registration statement on Form S-3 filed by us with the SEC under the Securities Act. As permitted by the SEC, this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus do not contain all the information in the registration statement filed with the SEC. For a more complete understanding of this offering, you should refer to the complete registration statement, including the exhibits thereto, on Form S-3 that may be obtained as described above. Statements contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus about the contents of any contract or other document are not necessarily complete. If we have filed any contract or other document as an exhibit to the registration statement or any other document incorporated by reference in the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part, you should read the exhibit for a more complete understanding of the document or matter involved. Each statement regarding a contract or other document is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual document.

 

S-20
 

 

We also maintain a web site at www.guardionhealth.com, through which you can access our SEC filings. The information set forth on our web site is not part of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus.

 

INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

 

We have filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC under the Securities Act. This prospectus is part of the registration statement but the registration statement includes and incorporates by reference additional information and exhibits. The SEC permits us to “incorporate by reference” the information contained in documents we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents rather than by including them in this prospectus. Information that is incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus and you should read it with the same care that you read this prospectus. Information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information that is either contained, or incorporated by reference, in this prospectus, and will be considered to be a part of this prospectus from the date those documents are filed. We have filed with the SEC, and incorporate by reference in this prospectus:

 

1. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 26, 2021;
   
2. Our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2021, June 30, 2021 and September 30, 2021, filed with the SEC on May 17, 2021, August 16, 2021 and November 10, 2021, respectively;
   
3. Our Current Reports on Form 8-K and Form 8-K/A (other than Current Reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K or Form 8-K/A and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items) filed on January 8, 2021, January 27, 2021, January 28, 2021, March 1, 2021, March 16, 2021, May 3, 2021, May 21, 2021, May 24, 2021, June 4, 2021, July 15, 2021, August 2, 2021, August 10, 2021 (two on this date), August 24, 2021, September 10, 2021, September 23, 2021, October 22, 2021, October 25, 2021, December 8, 2021, December 9, 2021, December 17, 2021, December 27, 2021, January 10, 2022, January 12, 2022, January 27, 2022, January 28, 2022 and February 14, 2022.
   
4. Our definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on August 25, 2021; and
   
5. The description of our common stock contained in the registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating that description.

 

We also incorporate by reference all additional documents that we file with the SEC under the terms of Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are made after the date of this prospectus supplement but prior to the termination of the offering of the securities covered by this prospectus supplement. We are not, however, incorporating, in each case, any documents or information that we are deemed to furnish and not file in accordance with SEC rules.

 

You may request, and we will provide you with, a copy of these filings, at no cost, by calling us at (800) 873-5141 or by writing to us at the following address:

 

Guardion Health Sciences, Inc.

2925 Richmond Avenue, Suite 1200

Houston, TX 77098

Attn: Chief Executive Officer

 

S-21
 

 

 

Guardion Health Sciences, Inc.

 

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Debt Securities

Warrants

Rights

Units

 

We may offer and sell, from time to time in one or more offerings, any combination of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, or any combination of the foregoing, either individually or as units comprised of one or more of the other securities, having an aggregate initial offering price not exceeding $75,000,000.

 

This prospectus provides a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell a particular class or series of securities, we will provide specific terms of the securities offered in a supplement to this prospectus. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. You should read carefully this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as any documents incorporated by reference herein or therein before you invest in any of our securities.

 

The specific terms of any securities to be offered, and the specific manner in which they may be offered, will be described in one or more supplements to this prospectus. This prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of any of these securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement. Before investing, you should carefully read this prospectus and any related prospectus supplement.

 

Our common stock is presently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “GHSI.” On September 17, 2020, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $0.2275 per share. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to any other listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market or any securities market or other exchange of the securities, if any, covered by the prospectus supplement. Prospective purchasers of our securities are urged to obtain current information as to the market prices of our securities, where applicable

 

These securities may be sold directly by us, through dealers or agents designated from time to time, to or through underwriters, dealers, or through a combination of these methods on a continuous or delayed basis. See “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus. We may also describe the plan of distribution for any particular offering of our securities in a prospectus supplement. If any agents, underwriters or dealers are involved in the sale of any securities in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered, we will disclose their names and the nature of our arrangements with them in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from any such sale will also be included in a prospectus supplement.

 

The aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $37,743,778 million which was calculated based on 85,470,512 shares of outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates as of September 18, 2020, and a price per share of $0.4416, the closing price of our common stock on August 10, 2020. Pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, in no event will we sell securities pursuant to this registration statement with a value more than one-third of the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates in any 12-month period, so long as the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $75.0 million. In the event that subsequent to the effective date of this registration statement, the aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $75.0 million, then the one-third limitation on sales shall not apply to additional sales made pursuant to this registration statement. We have not sold any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 during the 12 calendar months prior to, and including, the date of this registration statement.

 

Investing in our securities involves various risks. See “Risk Factors” contained herein for more information on these risks. Additional risks will be described in the related prospectus supplements under the heading “Risk Factors.” You should review that section of the related prospectus supplements for a discussion of matters that investors in our securities should consider.

 

Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities, or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

The date of this prospectus is September 24, 2020.

 

 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

Page

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS 1
SUMMARY 2
RISK FACTORS 5
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 5
USE OF PROCEEDS 5
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK 6
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES 8
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS 15
DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS 17
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS 18
LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES 20
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION 23
LEGAL MATTERS 25
EXPERTS 25
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION 26
INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE 26

 

i
 

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

 

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration statement, we may sell from time to time in one or more offerings of common stock and preferred stock, various series of debt securities and/or warrants to purchase any of such securities, either individually or as units comprised of a combination of one or more of the other securities in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $75,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell any type or series of securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain more specific information about the terms of that offering.

 

This prospectus does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement. For a more complete understanding of the offering of the securities, you should refer to the registration statement, including its exhibits. We may add, update or change in a prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. This prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, will include all material information relating to the applicable offering. You should carefully read both this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with the additional information described under “Where You Can Find More Information,” before buying any of the securities being offered.

 

We have not authorized any dealer, agent or other person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or an accompanying prospectus supplement, or any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you. This prospectus, the accompanying prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, if any, do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus, the accompanying prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, if any, constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference (as our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date), even though this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is delivered or securities are sold on a later date.

 

We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be, nor is it, a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made and subject to such conditions, limitations and restrictions contained in such agreements. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.

 

This prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of our securities, unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement. To the extent there are inconsistencies between any prospectus supplement, this prospectus and any documents incorporated by reference, the document with the most recent date will control.

 

As permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC, the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part, includes additional information not contained in this prospectus. You may read the registration statement and the other reports we file with the SEC at the SEC’s web site or at the SEC’s offices described below under the heading “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

 

Company References

 

In this prospectus “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Guardion Health Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.

 

1
 

 

SUMMARY

 

Overview

 

The Company is a specialty health sciences company (1) that has developed medical foods and medical devices in the ocular health space and (2) that has developed and is developing nutraceuticals that the Company believes will provide supportive health benefits to consumers.

 

The Securities We May Offer

 

We may offer shares of our common stock and preferred stock, various series of debt securities and warrants or rights to purchase any of such securities, either individually or in units, from time to time under this prospectus, together with any applicable prospectus supplement and related free writing prospectus, at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of offering. If we issue any debt securities at a discount from their original stated principal amount, then, for purposes of calculating the total dollar amount of all securities issued under this prospectus, we will treat the initial offering price of the debt securities as the total original principal amount of the debt securities. Each time we offer securities under this prospectus, we will provide offerees with a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities being offered, including, to the extent applicable:

 

  designation or classification;
     
  aggregate principal amount or aggregate offering price;
     
  maturity, if applicable;
     
  original issue discount, if any;
     
  rates and times of payment of interest or dividends, if any;
     
  redemption, conversion, exchange or sinking fund terms, if any;
     
  conversion or exchange prices or rates, if any, and, if applicable, any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the conversion or exchange prices or rates and in the securities or other property receivable upon conversion or exchange;
     
  ranking;
     
  restrictive covenants, if any;
     
  voting or other rights, if any; and
     
  important United States federal income tax considerations.

 

A prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update, or change information contained in this prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference. However, no prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

 

We may sell the securities to or through underwriters, dealers or agents or directly to purchasers. We, as well as any agents acting on our behalf, reserve the sole right to accept and to reject in whole or in part any proposed purchase of securities. Each prospectus supplement will set forth the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents involved in the sale of securities described in that prospectus supplement and any applicable fee, commission or discount arrangements with them, details regarding any over-allotment option granted to them, and net proceeds to us. The following is a summary of the securities we may offer with this prospectus.

 

2
 

 

Common Stock

 

We currently have authorized 250,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of September 18, 2020, 88,327,312 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding. We may offer shares of our common stock either alone or underlying other registered securities convertible into or exercisable for our common stock. Holders of our common stock are entitled to such dividends as our board of directors (the “Board of Directors” or “Board”) may declare from time to time out of legally available funds, subject to the preferential rights of the holders of any shares of our preferred stock that are outstanding or that we may issue in the future. Currently, we do not pay any dividends on our common stock. Each holder of our common stock is entitled to one vote per share. In this prospectus, we provide a general description of, among other things, the rights and restrictions that apply to holders of our common stock.

 

Preferred Stock

 

We currently have authorized 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001. There are currently no shares of preferred stock outstanding. Any authorized and undesignated shares of preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more additional series pursuant to a resolution or resolutions providing for such issue duly adopted by our Board of Directors (authority to do so being hereby expressly vested in the Board of Directors). The Board of Directors is further authorized, subject to limitations prescribed by law, to fix by resolution or resolutions the designations, powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, of any wholly unissued series of preferred stock, including without limitation authority to fix by resolution or resolutions the dividend rights, dividend rate, conversion rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption (including sinking fund provisions), redemption price or prices, and liquidation preferences of any such series, and the number of shares constituting any such series and the designation thereof, or any of the foregoing.

 

The rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions granted to or imposed upon any series of preferred stock that we offer and sell under this prospectus and applicable prospectus supplements will be set forth in a certificate of designation relating to the series. We will incorporate by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering before the issuance of shares of that series of preferred stock. You should read any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to the series of preferred stock being offered, as well as the complete certificate of designation that contains the terms of the applicable series of preferred stock.

 

Debt Securities

 

We may offer general debt obligations, which may be secured or unsecured, senior or subordinated, and convertible into shares of our common stock. In this prospectus, we refer to the senior debt securities and the subordinated debt securities together as the “debt securities.” We may issue debt securities under a note purchase agreement or under an indenture to be entered between us and a trustee and forms of the senior and subordinated indentures are included as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The indentures do not limit the amount of securities that may be issued under it and provides that debt securities may be issued in one or more series. The senior debt securities will have the same rank as all of our other indebtedness that is not subordinated. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinated to our senior debt on terms set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. In addition, the subordinated debt securities will be effectively subordinated to creditors and preferred stockholders of our subsidiaries. Our Board of Directors will determine the terms of each series of debt securities being offered. This prospectus contains only general terms and provisions of the debt securities. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the particular terms of the debt securities offered thereby. You should read any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to the series of debt securities being offered, as well as the complete note agreements and/or indentures that contain the terms of the debt securities. Forms of indentures have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of debt securities being offered will be incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part from reports we file with the SEC.

 

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Warrants

 

We may offer warrants for the purchase of shares of our common stock or preferred stock or of debt securities. We may issue the warrants by themselves or together with common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from any offered securities. Any warrants issued under this prospectus may be evidenced by warrant certificates. Warrants may be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and the investors or a warrant agent. Our Board of Directors will determine the terms of the warrants. This prospectus contains only general terms and provisions of the warrants. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the particular terms of the warrants being offered thereby. You should read any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to the series of warrants being offered, as well as the complete warrant agreements that contain the terms of the warrants. Specific warrant agreements will contain additional important terms and provisions and will be incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part from reports we file with the SEC.

 

Rights

 

We may issue rights to our stockholders to purchase shares of our common stock, preferred stock or the other securities described in this prospectus. We may offer rights separately or together with one or more additional rights, debt securities, preferred stock, common stock or warrants, or any combination of those securities in the form of units, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Each series of rights will be issued under a separate rights agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as rights agent. The rights agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the certificates relating to the rights of the series of certificates and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of rights certificates or beneficial owners of rights. The following description sets forth certain general terms and provisions of the rights to which any prospectus supplement may relate. The particular terms of the rights to which any prospectus supplement may relate and the extent, if any, to which the general provisions may apply to the rights so offered will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. To the extent that any particular terms of the rights, rights agreement or rights certificates described in a prospectus supplement differ from any of the terms described below, then the terms described below will be deemed to have been superseded by that prospectus supplement. Specific rights agreements will contain additional important terms and provisions and will be incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part from reports we file with the SEC.

 

Units

 

We may offer units consisting of our common stock or preferred stock, debt securities and/or warrants to purchase any of these securities in one or more series. We may evidence each series of units by unit certificates that we will issue under a separate agreement. We may enter into unit agreements with a unit agent. Each unit agent will be a bank or trust company that we select. We will indicate the name and address of the unit agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of units. This prospectus contains only a summary of certain general features of the units. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the particular features of the units being offered thereby. You should read any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to the series of units being offered, as well as the complete unit agreements that contain the terms of the units. Specific unit agreements will contain additional important terms and provisions and will be incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part from reports we file with the SEC.

 

Corporate Information

 

Guardion Health Sciences, Inc. was formed under the name P4L Health Sciences, LLC in December 2009 in California as a limited liability company. The Company changed its name to Guardion Health Sciences, LLC in December 2009. In June 2015, the Company converted into a Delaware “C” corporation. Our fiscal year end is December 31. Our principal executive offices are located at 15150 Avenue of Science, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92128. Our telephone number is 858-605-9055. Our website address is www. guardionhealth.com. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of this registration statement or the accompanying prospectus.

 

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RISK FACTORS

 

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. This prospectus contains, and the prospectus supplement applicable to each offering of our securities will contain, a discussion of the risks applicable to an investment in our securities. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, together with all of the other information contained or incorporated by reference in the prospectus supplement or appearing or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should also consider the risks, uncertainties and assumptions discussed under Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2020, and any updates described in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, all of which are incorporated herein by reference, and may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future and any prospectus supplement related to a particular offering. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. The occurrence of any of these known or unknown risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities.

 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, including the documents that we incorporate by reference, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Any statements in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and are forward-looking statements. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “believe,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” and “would.” For example, statements concerning financial condition, possible or assumed future results of operations, growth opportunities, industry ranking, plans and objectives of management, markets for our common stock and future management and organizational structure are all forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. They involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement.

 

Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the risk factors discussed throughout this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. You should read this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and the documents that we reference herein and therein and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement is accurate as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus or such prospectus supplement only. Because the risk factors referred to on page 5 of this prospectus and incorporated herein by reference could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We qualify all of the information presented in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, and particularly our forward-looking statements, by these cautionary statements.

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

Except as described in any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus in connection with a specific offering, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered under this prospectus for general corporate purposes, including the development and commercialization of our products, research and development, general and administrative expenses, business, license or technology acquisitions, and working capital and capital expenditures. We may also use the net proceeds to repay any debts and/or invest in or acquire complementary businesses, products, or technologies, although we have no current commitments or agreements with respect to any such investments or acquisitions as of the date of this prospectus. We have not determined the amount of net proceeds to be used specifically for the foregoing purposes. As a result, our management will have broad discretion in the allocation of the net proceeds and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the proceeds of any sale of the securities. Pending use of the net proceeds, we intend to invest the proceeds in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing instruments.

 

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Each time we offer securities under this prospectus, we will describe the intended use of the net proceeds from that offering in the applicable prospectus supplement. The actual amount of net proceeds we spend on a particular use will depend on many factors, including, our future capital expenditures, the amount of cash required by our operations, and our future revenue growth, if any. Therefore, we will retain broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds.

 

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

 

General

 

The following description of our capital stock, together with any additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, summarizes the material terms and provisions of our common stock and the preferred stock that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future common stock or preferred stock that we may offer, we will describe the particular terms of any class or series of these securities in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. For the complete terms of our common stock and preferred stock, please refer to our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and our second amended and restated bylaws (the “Bylaws”) that are incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or may be incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of these securities may also be affected by Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). The summary below and that contained in any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus are qualified in their entirety by reference to our Certificate of Incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws.

 

As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized capital stock consisted of 250,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share. Our Board may establish the rights and preferences of the preferred stock from time to time. As of September 18, 2020, there were 88,327,312 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding and no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

 

Common Stock

 

We are authorized to issue up to a total of 250,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share. Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. Holders of our common stock have no cumulative voting rights. All shares of common stock offered hereby will, when issued, be fully paid and nonassessable, including shares of common stock issued upon the exercise of common stock warrants or subscription rights, if any.

 

Further, holders of our common stock have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding- up, holders of our common stock are entitled to share in all assets remaining after payment of all liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any of our outstanding shares of preferred stock. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of preferred stock, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our Board of Directors out of our assets which are legally available. Such dividends, if any, are payable in cash, in property or in shares of capital stock.

 

The holders of a majority of the shares of our capital stock, represented in person or by proxy, are necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting. If a quorum is present, an action by stockholders entitled to vote on a matter is approved if the number of votes cast in favor of the action exceeds the number of votes cast in opposition to the action, with the exception of the election of directors, which requires a plurality of the votes cast.

 

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Preferred Stock

 

Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional, or special rights as well as the qualifications, limitations, or restrictions of the preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of the common stock. Our board of directors, without stockholder approval, can issue convertible preferred stock with voting, conversion, or other rights that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of common stock. Preferred stock could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change of control or make removal of management more difficult. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of decreasing the market price of our common stock, and may adversely affect the voting and other rights of the holders of common stock. At present, we have no plans to issue any shares of preferred stock following this offering.

 

Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of Delaware State Law

 

We are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a public Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless:

 

  the transaction was approved by the board of directors prior to the time that the stockholder became an interested stockholder;
     
  upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding shares owned by directors who are also officers of the corporation and shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or
     
  at or subsequent to the time the stockholder became an interested stockholder, the business combination was approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

 

In general, Section 203 defines a “business combination” to include mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in financial benefit to a stockholder and an “interested stockholder” as a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years did own, 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock. These provisions may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing changes in control of our company.

 

Our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws include a number of provisions that could deter hostile takeovers or delay or prevent changes in control of our board of directors or management team, including the following:

 

Board of Directors Vacancies. Our bylaws authorize only our board of directors to fill vacant directorships, including newly created seats. In addition, the number of directors constituting our board of directors will be permitted to be set only by a resolution adopted by a majority vote of our entire board of directors. These provisions would prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of our board of directors and then gaining control of our board of directors by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees. This will make it more difficult to change the composition of our board of directors and will promote continuity of management.

 

Ability of Stockholders to Call Special Meetings. Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws provide that stockholders can only call a special meeting if stockholders holding over 50% of all issued and outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote at a meeting do so.

 

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Advance Notice Requirements. Our Bylaws establish advance notice procedures with regard to stockholder proposals relating to the nomination of candidates for election as directors or new business to be brought before meetings of stockholders. These procedures provide that notice of such stockholder proposals must be timely given in writing to the Secretary of the Company prior to the meeting at which the action is to be taken. The notice must contain certain information specified in our Bylaws.

 

Exclusive Forum Provision. In accordance with an exclusive forum provision set forth in the Bylaws, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for certain state law based actions including certain derivative actions or proceedings brought on behalf of the Company; an action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty owed by an officer, a director, employee or to the shareholders of the Company; any claim arising under Delaware corporate law; and any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

 

No Cumulative Voting. The Delaware General Corporation Law provides that stockholders are not entitled to cumulate votes in the election of directors unless a corporation’s certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Our certificate of incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting.

 

Issuance of Undesignated Preferred Stock. Our board of directors will have the authority, without further action by our stockholders, to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with rights and preferences, including voting rights, designated from time to time by our board of directors. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock would enable our board of directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or other means.

 

Listing

 

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “GHSI.”

 

Transfer Agent and Registrar

 

The Transfer Agent and Registrar for our common stock is VStock Transfer, LLC.

 

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

 

The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplements or free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. We may issue debt securities, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future debt securities we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus. The terms of any debt securities we offer under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe below. However, no prospectus supplement shall fundamentally change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness. As of the date of this prospectus, we have no outstanding registered debt securities. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the “indentures,” we also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities.

 

We will issue any senior debt securities under the senior indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the senior indenture. We will issue any subordinated debt securities under the subordinated indenture and any supplemental indentures that we will enter into with the trustee named in the subordinated indenture. We have filed forms of these documents as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC.

 

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The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”). We use the term “trustee” to refer to either the trustee under the senior indenture or the trustee under the subordinated indenture, as applicable.

 

The following summaries of material provisions of the senior debt securities, the subordinated debt securities and the indentures are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the indenture and any supplemental indentures applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete indentures that contains the terms of the debt securities. Except as we may otherwise indicate, the terms of the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture are identical.

 

General

 

The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our Board of Directors and set forth or determined in the manner provided in an officers’ certificate or by a supplemental indenture. Debt securities may be issued in separate series without limitation as to aggregate principal amount. We may specify a maximum aggregate principal amount for the debt securities of any series. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including:

 

  the title;
     
  the principal amount being offered, and if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding;
     
  any limit on the amount that may be issued;
     
  whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form, and, if so, the terms and who the depositary will be;
     
  the maturity date;
     
  whether and under what circumstances, if any, we will pay additional amounts on any debt securities held by a person who is not a United States person for tax purposes, and whether we can redeem the debt securities if we have to pay such additional amounts;

 

  the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;
     
  whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;
     
  the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt;
     
  the place where payments will be made;
     
  restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;
     
  our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;
     
  the date, if any, after which, and the price at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions;
     
  provisions for a sinking fund purchase or other analogous fund, if any, including the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant thereto or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder’s option, to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable;

 

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  whether the indenture will restrict our ability or the ability of our subsidiaries, if any, to:

 

  incur additional indebtedness;
     
  issue additional securities;
     
  create liens;
     
  pay dividends or make distributions in respect of our capital stock or the capital stock of our subsidiaries;
     
  redeem capital stock;
     
  place restrictions on our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets;
     
  make investments or other restricted payments;
     
  sell or otherwise dispose of assets;
     
  enter into sale-leaseback transactions;
     
  engage in transactions with stockholders or affiliates;
     
  issue or sell stock of our subsidiaries; or
     
  effect a consolidation or merger;

 

  whether the indenture will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios;
     
  a discussion of certain material or special United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities;
     
  information describing any book-entry features;
     
  the applicability of the provisions in the indenture on discharge;

 

  whether the debt securities are to be offered at a price such that they will be deemed to be offered at an “original issue discount” as defined in paragraph (a) of Section 1273 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;
     
  the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;
     
  the currency of payment of debt securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars; and
     
  any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, including any additional events of default or covenants provided with respect to the debt securities, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations.

 

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Conversion or Exchange Rights

 

We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms under which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, our preferred stock or other securities (including securities of a third party). We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock, our preferred stock or other securities (including securities of a third party) that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.

 

Consolidation, Merger or Sale

 

Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the indentures will not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. However, any successor to or acquirer of such assets must assume all of our obligations under the indentures or the debt securities, as appropriate. If the debt securities are convertible into or exchangeable for our other securities or securities of other entities, the person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom we sell all of our property must make provisions for the conversion of the debt securities into securities that the holders of the debt securities would have received if they had converted the debt securities before the consolidation, merger or sale.

 

Events of Default under the Indenture

 

Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the following are events of default under the indentures with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue:

 

  if we fail to pay interest when due and payable and our failure continues for 90 days and the time for payment has not been extended;
     
  if we fail to pay the principal, premium or sinking fund payment, if any, when due and payable at maturity, upon redemption or repurchase or otherwise, and the time for payment has not been extended;
     
  if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant contained in the debt securities or the indentures, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive notice from the trustee or we and the trustee receive notice from the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and
     
  if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur.

 

We will describe in each applicable prospectus supplement any additional events of default relating to the relevant series of debt securities.

 

If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default arises due to the occurrence of certain specified bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization events, the unpaid principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the trustee or any holder.

 

The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.

 

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Subject to the terms of the indentures, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity or security satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that:

 

  the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and
     
  subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the trustee need not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding.

 

The indentures will provide that if an event of default has occurred and is continuing, the trustee will be required in the exercise of its powers to use the degree of care that a prudent person would use in the conduct of its own affairs. The trustee, however, may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or the indenture, or that the trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of any other holder of the relevant series of debt securities, or that would involve the trustee in personal liability. Prior to taking any action under the indentures, the trustee will be entitled to indemnification against all costs, expenses and liabilities that would be incurred by taking or not taking such action.

 

A holder of the debt securities of any series will have the right to institute a proceeding under the indentures or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies only if:

 

  the holder has given written notice to the trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series;
     
  the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made a written request and such holders have offered reasonable indemnity to the trustee or security satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense or to be incurred in compliance with instituting the proceeding as trustee; and
     
  the trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after the notice, request and offer.

 

These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities, or other defaults that may be specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

We will periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indentures.

 

The indentures will provide that if a default occurs and is continuing and is actually known to a responsible officer of the trustee, the trustee must mail to each holder notice of the default within the earlier of 90 days after it occurs and 30 days after it is known by a responsible officer of the trustee or written notice of it is received by the trustee, unless such default has been cured or waived. Except in the case of a default in the payment of principal or premium of, or interest on, any debt security or certain other defaults specified in an indenture, the trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the Board of Directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors, or responsible officers of the trustee, in good faith determine that withholding notice is in the best interests of holders of the relevant series of debt securities.

 

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Modification of Indenture; Waiver

 

Subject to the terms of the indenture for any series of debt securities that we may issue, we and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to the following specific matters:

 

  to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture;
     
  to comply with the provisions described above under “Description of Debt Securities—Consolidation, Merger or Sale;”
     
  to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;
     
  to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of debt securities, as set forth in the indenture;
     
  to provide for the issuance of, and establish the form and terms and conditions of, the debt securities of any series as provided under “Description of Debt Securities—General,” to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities;
     
  to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee;
     
  to provide for uncertificated debt securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;
     
  to add such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the benefit of the holders, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default or to surrender any right or power conferred to us in the indenture; or
     
  to change anything that does not adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series in any material respect.

 

In addition, under the indentures, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, subject to the terms of the indenture for any series of debt securities that we may issue or otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the trustee may only make the following changes with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:

 

  extending the stated maturity of the series of debt securities;
     
  reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption or repurchase of any debt securities; or
     
  reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver.

 

Discharge

 

Each indenture provides that, subject to the terms of the indenture and any limitation otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we may elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including obligations to:

 

  register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series;
     
  replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series;
     
  maintain paying agencies;

 

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  hold monies for payment in trust;
     
  recover excess money held by the trustee;
     
  compensate and indemnify the trustee; and
     
  appoint any successor trustee.

 

In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we will deposit with the trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, and any premium and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.

 

Form, Exchange and Transfer

 

We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indentures will provide that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company or another depositary named by us and identified in a prospectus supplement with respect to that series. See “Legal Ownership of Securities” below for a further description of the terms relating to any book-entry securities.

 

At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.

 

Subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will make no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.

 

We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series.

 

If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:

 

  issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of that series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or
     
  register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part.

 

Information Concerning the Trustee

 

The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture and is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indentures at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur. However, upon an event of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs.

 

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Payment and Paying Agents

 

Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest payment.

 

We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.

 

All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.

 

Governing Law

 

The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.

 

Ranking Debt Securities

 

The subordinated debt securities will be unsecured and will be subordinate and junior in priority of payment to certain other indebtedness to the extent described in a prospectus supplement. The subordinated indenture does not limit the amount of subordinated debt securities that we may issue. It also does not limit us from issuing any other secured or unsecured debt.

 

The senior debt securities will be unsecured and will rank equally in right of payment to all our other senior unsecured debt. The senior indenture does not limit the amount of senior debt securities that we may issue. It also does not limit us from issuing any other secured or unsecured debt.

 

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

 

The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements and free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, which may consist of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities and may be issued in one or more series. Warrants may be offered independently or together with common stock, preferred stock or debt securities offered by any prospectus supplement, and may be attached to or separate from those securities. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. However, no prospectus supplement will fundamentally change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness.

 

We may issue the warrants under a warrant agreement that we will enter into with a warrant agent to be selected by us. If selected, the warrant agent will act solely as an agent of ours in connection with the warrants and will not act as an agent for the holders or beneficial owners of the warrants. If applicable, we will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a Current Report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant agreement, including a form of warrant certificate, that describes the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering before the issuance of the related series of warrants. The following summaries of material provisions of the warrants and the warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to a particular series of warrants. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus related to the particular series of warrants that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants.

 

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General

 

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms relating to a series of warrants, including:

 

  the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered;
     
  the currency for which the warrants may be purchased;
     
  if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;
     
  if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;
     
  in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise;
     
  in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise;
     
  the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreements and the warrants;
     
  the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;
     
  any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants;
     
  the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire;
     
  the manner in which the warrant agreements and warrants may be modified;

 

  United States federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants;
     
  the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and
     
  any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.
     
  Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including:
     
  in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture; or
     
  in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or, payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any.

 

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Exercise of Warrants

 

Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.

 

Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required amount to the warrant agent in immediately available funds, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will set forth on the reverse side of the warrant certificate and in the applicable prospectus supplement the information that the holder of the warrant will be required to deliver to us or the warrant agent as applicable.

 

Upon receipt of the required payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining amount of warrants. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for warrants.

 

Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants

 

If selected, each warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants.

 

DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS

 

General

 

We may issue rights to our stockholders to purchase shares of our common stock, preferred stock or the other securities described in this prospectus. We may offer rights separately or together with one or more additional rights, debt securities, preferred stock, common stock or warrants, or any combination of those securities in the form of units, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Each series of rights will be issued under a separate rights agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as rights agent. The rights agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the certificates relating to the rights of the series of certificates and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of rights certificates or beneficial owners of rights. The following description sets forth certain general terms and provisions of the rights to which any prospectus supplement may relate. The particular terms of the rights to which any prospectus supplement may relate and the extent, if any, to which the general provisions may apply to the rights so offered will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. To the extent that any particular terms of the rights, rights agreement or rights certificates described in a prospectus supplement differ from any of the terms described below, then the terms described below will be deemed to have been superseded by that prospectus supplement. We encourage you to read the applicable rights agreement and rights certificate for additional information before you decide whether to purchase any of our rights. We will provide in a prospectus supplement the following terms of the rights being issued:

 

  the date of determining the stockholders entitled to the rights distribution;

 

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  the aggregate number of shares of common stock, preferred stock or other securities purchasable upon exercise of the rights;
     
  the exercise price;
     
  the aggregate number of rights issued;
     
  whether the rights are transferrable and the date, if any, on and after which the rights may be separately transferred;
     
  the date on which the right to exercise the rights will commence, and the date on which the right to exercise the rights will expire;
     
  the method by which holders of rights will be entitled to exercise;
     
  the conditions to the completion of the offering, if any;
     
  the withdrawal, termination and cancellation rights, if any;
     
  whether there are any backstop or standby purchaser or purchasers and the terms of their commitment, if any;
     
  whether stockholders are entitled to oversubscription rights, if any;
     
  any applicable material U.S. federal income tax considerations; and
     
  any other terms of the rights, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the distribution, exchange and exercise of the rights, as applicable.

 

Each right will entitle the holder of rights to purchase for cash the principal amount of shares of common stock, preferred stock or other securities at the exercise price provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. Rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for the rights provided in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

Holders may exercise rights as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Upon receipt of payment and the rights certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the rights agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, forward the shares of common stock, preferred stock or other securities, as applicable, purchasable upon exercise of the rights. If less than all of the rights issued in any rights offering are exercised, we may offer any unsubscribed securities directly to persons other than stockholders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant to standby arrangements, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

Rights Agent

 

The rights agent for any rights we offer will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

 

The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements and free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the units that we may offer under this prospectus.

 

While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any units that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of units in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any units offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. However, no prospectus supplement will fundamentally change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness.

 

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We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a Current Report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, the form of unit agreement that describes the terms of the series of units we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of the related series of units. The following summaries of material terms and provisions of the units are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the unit agreement and any supplemental agreements applicable to a particular series of units. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the particular series of units that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete unit agreement and any supplemental agreements that contain the terms of the units.

 

General

 

We may issue units comprised of one or more debt securities, shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock and warrants in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.

 

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of units, including:

 

  the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;
     
  any provisions of the governing unit agreement that differ from those described below; and
     
  any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units.

 

The provisions described in this section, as well as those described under “Description of Capital Stock,” “Description of Debt Securities” and “Description of Warrants” will apply to each unit and to any common stock, preferred stock, debt security or warrant included in each unit, respectively.

 

Unit Agent

 

The name and address of the unit agent, if any, for any units we offer will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

Issuance in Series

 

We may issue units in such amounts and in numerous distinct series as we determine.

 

Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Units

 

Each unit agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable unit agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any unit. A single bank or trust company may act as unit agent for more than one series of units. A unit agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable unit agreement or unit, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a unit may, without the consent of the related unit agent or the holder of any other unit, enforce by appropriate legal action its rights as holder under any security included in the unit.

 

We, the unit agents and any of their agents may treat the registered holder of any unit certificate as an absolute owner of the units evidenced by that certificate for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights attaching to the units so requested, despite any notice to the contrary. See “Legal Ownership of Securities.”

 

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LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES

 

We can issue securities in registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We describe global securities in greater detail below. We refer to those persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee or depositary or warrant agent maintain for this purpose as the “holders” of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names, as “indirect holders” of those securities. As we discuss below, indirect holders are not legal holders, and investors in securities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders.

 

Book-Entry Holders

 

We may issue securities in book-entry form only, as we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of themselves or their customers.

 

Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security. Global securities will be registered in the name of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for global securities, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the depositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the securities.

 

As a result, investors in a global security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary’s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect holders, and not legal holders, of the securities.

 

Street Name Holders

 

We may terminate a global security or issue securities that are not issued in global form. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in “street name.” Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial interest in those securities through an account he or she maintains at that institution.

 

For securities held in street name, we or any applicable trustee or depositary will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those securities, and we or any such trustee or depositary will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not legal holders, of those securities.

 

Legal Holders

 

Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee or third party employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form.

 

For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required, under agreements with its participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Similarly, we may want to obtain the approval of the holders to amend an indenture, to relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our obligation to comply with a particular provision of an indenture, or for other purposes. In such an event, we would seek approval only from the legal holders, and not the indirect holders, of the securities. Whether and how the legal holders contact the indirect holders is up to the legal holders.

 

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Special Considerations for Indirect Holders

 

If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form because the securities are represented by one or more global securities or in street name, you should check with your own institution to find out:

 

  how it handles securities payments and notices;
     
  whether it imposes fees or charges;
     
  how it would handle a request for the holders’ consent, if ever required;
     
  whether and how you can instruct it to send you securities registered in your own name so you can be a legal holder, if that is permitted in the future;
     
  how it would exercise rights under the securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and
     
  if the securities are in book-entry form, how the depositary’s rules and procedures will affect these matters.

 

Global Securities

 

A global security is a security that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms.

 

Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we issue to, deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, The Depository Trust Company, New York, NY, known as DTC, will be the depositary for all securities issued in book-entry form.

 

A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under “—Special Situations When A Global Security Will Be Terminated.” As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and legal holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a legal holder of the security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security.

 

If the prospectus supplement for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued as a global security, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times unless and until the global security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system.

 

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Special Considerations For Global Securities

 

As an indirect holder, an investor’s rights relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor’s financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security.

 

If securities are issued only as global securities, an investor should be aware of the following:

 

  an investor cannot cause the securities to be registered in his or her name, and cannot obtain non-global certificates for his or her interest in the securities, except in the special situations we describe below;
     
  an investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his or her own bank or broker for payments on the securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the securities, as we describe above;
     
  an investor may not be able to sell interests in the securities to some insurance companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry form;
     
  an investor may not be able to pledge his or her interest in the global security in circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective;
     
  the depositary’s policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor’s interest in the global security. We and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary’s actions or for its records of ownership interests in the global security. We and the trustee also do not supervise the depositary in any way;
     
  the depositary may, and we understand that DTC will, require that those who purchase and sell interests in the global security within its book-entry system use immediately available funds, and your broker or bank may require you to do so as well; and
     
  financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in the global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the securities. There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries

 

Special Situations When A Global Security Will Be Terminated

 

In a few special situations described below, a global security will terminate and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those interests. After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred to their own names, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above.

 

A global security will terminate when the following special situations occur:

 

  if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified to continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution to act as depositary within 90 days;
     
  if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish to terminate that global security; or
     
  if an event of default has occurred with regard to securities represented by that global security and has not been cured or waived.

 

The applicable prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series of securities covered by the prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and neither we, nor any applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders.

 

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

We may sell the securities being offered hereby in one or more of the following ways from time to time:

 

  through agents to the public or to investors;
     
  to underwriters for resale to the public or to investors;
     
  negotiated transactions;
     
  block trades;
     
  directly to investors; or
     
  through a combination of any of these methods of sale.

 

As set forth in more detail below, the securities may be distributed from time to time in one or more transactions:

 

  at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;
     
  at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;
     
  at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or
     
  at negotiated prices.

 

We will set forth in a prospectus supplement the terms of that particular offering of securities, including:

 

  the name or names of any agents or underwriters;
     
  the purchase price of the securities being offered and the proceeds we will receive from the sale;
     
  any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;
     
  any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation;
     
  any initial public offering price;
     
  any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers; and
     
  any securities exchanges or markets on which such securities may be listed.

 

Only underwriters named in an applicable prospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities offered by that prospectus supplement.

 

If underwriters are used in an offering, we will execute an underwriting agreement with such underwriters and will specify the name of each underwriter and the terms of the transaction (including any underwriting discounts and other terms constituting compensation of the underwriters and any dealers) in a prospectus supplement. The securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or directly by one or more investment banking firms or others, as designated. If an underwriting syndicate is used, the managing underwriter(s) will be specified on the cover of the prospectus supplement. If underwriters are used in the sale, the offered securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own accounts and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time. Unless otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the offered securities will be subject to conditions precedent and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the offered securities if any are purchased.

 

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We may grant to the underwriters options to purchase additional securities to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price, with additional underwriting commissions or discounts, as may be set forth in a related prospectus supplement. The terms of any over-allotment option will be set forth in the prospectus supplement for those securities.

 

If we use a dealer in the sale of the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, we will sell the securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale. The names of the dealers and the terms of the transaction will be specified in a prospectus supplement.

 

We may sell the securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, any agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.

 

We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.

 

In connection with the sale of the securities, underwriters, dealers or agents may receive compensation from us or from purchasers of the common stock for whom they act as agents in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities, and any institutional investors or others that purchase common stock directly and then resell the securities, may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts or commissions received by them from us and any profit on the resale of the common stock by them may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.

 

We may provide agents and underwriters with indemnification against particular civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to such liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.

 

We may engage in at the market offerings into an existing trading market in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. In addition, we may enter into derivative transactions with third parties (including the writing of options), or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with such a transaction, the third parties may, pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement. If so, the third party may use securities borrowed from us or others to settle such sales and may use securities received from us to close out any related short positions. We may also loan or pledge securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement to third parties, who may sell the loaned securities or, in an event of default in the case of a pledge, sell the pledged securities pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement or in a post-effective amendment.

 

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To facilitate an offering of a series of securities, persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain, or otherwise affect the market price of the securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involves the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than have been sold to them by us. In those circumstances, such persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by purchasing in the open market or by exercising the over-allotment option granted to those persons. In addition, those persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to underwriters or dealers participating in any such offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. Such transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time. We make no representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above, if implemented, may have on the price of our securities.

 

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, each class or series of securities will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than our common stock, which is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market. We may elect to list any other class or series of securities on any exchange or market, but we are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in a class or series of securities, but the underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot give any assurance as to the liquidity of the trading market for any of the securities.

 

In order to comply with the securities laws of some U.S. states or territories, if applicable, the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus will be sold in those states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states securities may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and complied with.

 

Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Overallotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Short covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of these activities at any time.

 

Any underwriters who are qualified market makers on The Nasdaq Capital Market may engage in passive market making transactions in the securities on The Nasdaq Capital Market in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security. If all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded.

 

LEGAL MATTERS

 

The validity of the issuance of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP, Los Angeles, California. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

EXPERTS

 

Weinberg & Company, P.A., independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and for the years then ended, as set forth in their report thereon, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement. Our financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on Weinberg & Company, P.A.’s report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

 

This prospectus constitutes a part of a registration statement on Form S-3 filed under the Securities Act. As permitted by the SEC’s rules, this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, which form a part of the registration statement, do not contain all the information that is included in the registration statement. You will find additional information about us in the registration statement. Any statements made in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement concerning legal documents are not necessarily complete and you should read the documents that are filed as exhibits to the registration statement or otherwise filed with the SEC for a more complete understanding of the document or matter.

 

You may read and copy the registration statement, as well as our reports, proxy statements, and other information, at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the Public Reference Room. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s Internet site can be found at http://www.sec.gov. You can also obtain copies of materials we file with the SEC from our website found at www.guardionhealth.com. Information on our website does not constitute a part of, nor is it incorporated in any way, into this prospectus and should not be relied upon in connection with making an investment decision.

 

INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

 

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information that we file with them. Incorporation by reference allows us to disclose important information to you by referring you to those other documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We filed a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with the SEC with respect to the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus. This prospectus omits certain information contained in the registration statement, as permitted by the SEC. You should refer to the registration statement, including the exhibits, for further information about us and the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus. Statements in this prospectus regarding the provisions of certain documents filed with, or incorporated by reference in, the registration statement are not necessarily complete and each statement is qualified in all respects by that reference. Copies of all or any part of the registration statement, including the documents incorporated by reference or the exhibits, may be obtained upon payment of the prescribed rates at the offices of the SEC listed above in “Where You Can Find More Information”. We are incorporating by reference the documents listed below, which we have already filed with the SEC, and all documents subsequently filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, except as to any portion of any future report or document that is not deemed filed under such provisions:

 

1. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019;

 

2. The Company’s Quarterly Reports for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020;

 

3. The Company’s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on April 1, 2020, April 21, 2020, June 16, 2020, July 23, 2020, and September 4, 2020; and

 

4. The description of the Company’s common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A12B filed with the SEC on April 4, 2019.

 

We also incorporate by reference all documents (other than Current Reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items) that are subsequently filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior to the termination of the offering of the securities made by this prospectus (including documents filed after the date of the initial Registration Statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to the effectiveness of the Registration Statement). These documents include periodic reports, such as Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as proxy statements.

 

Any statement contained in this prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or any subsequently filed document that is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus modifies or supersedes the statement.

 

You may request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address: Vincent J. Roth, the Company’s General Counsel, at Guardion Health Sciences, Inc., 15150 Avenue of Science, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92128; Tel: 858-605-9055. We maintain a website at https://guardionhealth.com/sec-filings/. You may access our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and other reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act with the SEC free of charge at our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference in, and is not part of, this prospectus.

 

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            Units, Each Unit Consisting of One Share of Common Stock, One Series A Warrant and One Series B Warrant

 

 

            Pre-funded Units, Each Pre-funded Unit Consisting of One Pre-funded Warrant to Purchase One Share of Common Stock, One Series A Warrant and One Series B Warrant

 

 

 

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

 

 

 

 

Roth Capital Partners

 

 

February    , 2022